Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 1 (17), 2015

CONTENTS

CHIEF EDITOR’S COLUMN

THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

FROM THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

TRAINING COURSES

BOOK REVIEW

Our authors № 1-2015

CHIEF EDITOR’S COLUMN

N.P. MEDVEDEV D.Sc. (political science), Professor at the Peoples’ Friendship University, Russia, Moscow

LEGAL STUDIES IN POLITOLOGY AS A NEW SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION

The scientific article attempts to formulate the structure and functions of a new scientific direction – legal studies in political science. It analyzes the results of scientific research related to the formation of this direction that are being conducted at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, as well as those made in monographs and educational materials recently published on this basis in the Russian Federation.

Key words: political sciences, legal studies in politology, political jurisprudence, legal anthology of politics.

THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

А.А. OCHERETYANIY PhD (history), Professor, Head of Department, Sevastopol City University for the Humanities, Russia, Sevastopol

POLITICS AS A PARTICULAR SOCIAL PHENOMENON

The article attempts to study the essence of politics. Politics is seen as subjective (intangible) phenomenon of society, appearing as an attributive way of organizing social life. The author cites the existing interpretation of the politics and gives his own understanding of its nature, origin and formation. He reveals the functions, structure and content of politics. Politics is seen as a phenomenon of society that determines the development of social processes.

Key words: politics, political culture, the theory of politics, the structure of politics, the subject of politics, activism, law, program, civil society.

V.A. BOZHANOV Doctor of historical sciences, the professor managing chair “History, world and domestic culture” of the Belarus national technical university, Belorussia, Minsk

RISK AS A PRESENT TREND AND POLICY

Article is devoted to features of development of policy in the conditions of the increasing tension of the natural and vital phenomena. Political life becomes more and more dynamic, less steady that demands from politicians of absolutely new skills of activity. Last methodologies and theories don't offer fully explanations and decisions. Momentary “skhvatyvany” situations, instant reaction to events – are that modern qualities of the politician and explanatory theories of policy. Risks in policy increase that demands the high level of scientific justification. The author carries out thought of unity of the person, the planet and space. In this system of coordinates it is necessary to carry out any analysis, including political.

Key words: present, globalism, risk, “reasonable force”, globalism, extreme switching, valuable phenomenon.

FROM THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Yu.V. IRKHIN D.Sc. (philosophy), professor, Chair of Politology and Administration, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chair of Political Science, Russian State University of Humanities, Russia, Moscow

BEGINNING OF RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE: FACULTY OF MORAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES IN MOSCOW UNIVERSITY

First in native science the article analyses features of formation and functioning of the department of the moral and political sciences in Moscow University in the first third of the 19th century. The author shoves first attempt of the academic institutionalization of the political science in Russia and its significance for political education.

Key words: moral and political sciences, history of political science, department of the moral and political sciences in Moscow University.

А.S. MADATOV PhD (philosophy), associate Professor of the Department of political sciences of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Russia, Moscow

POCKETS OF DEMOCRACY IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

The history of democracy in feudal societies is less studied than the history of ancient democracy. This is largely due to the fact that medieval democracy was mainly focal in character. However, year 2015 marks 900 years since the adoption in England of the Magna Carta. It was a great historical document of the middle ages that symbolized the desire for freedom and the protection of indigenous rights of the individual. It was also an important milestone on the way to the development of parliamentarism. This historic event, an anniversary which will be celebrated in the coming year, is only a part, albeit an important one, of the democratic processes of the middle ages. It was a precursor to the formation and subsequent development of the theory and practice of human rights. And similarly, the medieval history of democracy has become a milestone in the historical path to democracy – from antiquity to the present day.

Key words: democracy, political history, the middle ages, the origin, evolution, France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Portugal.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

А.А. RUMYANTZEVA Ph.D. (political science), Deputy Director on educational work of the State budgetary educational institution of secondary professional education Construction College No.30, Russia, Moscow

MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE VOCATIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM

The article deals with the formation and operation of public-private partnership in the vocational training system and considers the possibilities of creating modern professional training institutions meeting the needs of the region.

Key words: mechanisms of public-private partnership, social investments.

Yu.М. GOLOVKO PhD (history), working for the doctorate degree at the Department of national and federal relations of the Institute of state Service and management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Moscow

2.0 TECHNOLOGY: PROBLEMS OF LOBBYING YOUNG PEOPLE’S INTERESTS

The use of modern innovative technologies is the principle designated during the launch in the Russian Federation of the policy of economic diversification and transition to the modernized social development. In the course of transformation, various aspects of the state competencies undergo changes, from the highest political and legal institutions to the local authorities, providing support to the people in the communities. The role of modern technologies, the so-called "2.0 technology" which helps to ensure transparency of the power-management relations is especially notable. The article discusses basic principles which make possible quality inclusion in the political life of youth leaders interested in attaining positive outcome for all citizens of our state.

Key words: youth elite, political institutions, innovative technology, the Internet, social networks, openness of authorities, "2.0 technology", youth leadership, image.

S.N. FEDORCHENKO Ph.D. (political science), Associate Professor of Political Science and Law, Moscow Regional State University, Russia, Moscow

CORRUPTION AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF ITS PREVENTION

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of corruption in political management. It also offers preventive measures to reduce corruption processes. As a mechanism for the destruction of corrupt officials and elite consciousness proposed technology Overton Window.

Key words: corruption, political management, Overton Window, mediation approach.

ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

I.N. MORDVINOVA post-graduate student at the National and Federative Relations Department of the Russian Academy of People’s Economy and Administrative Service under the Russian President, Russia, Moscow

EXTREMISM AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE AS A SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHENOMENON

This article deals with the formation and functioning of mechanisms preventing anti-social phenomena among youth and in the system of vocational education as a factor contributing to the ethno-political stability in a region. The author considers elements of extremism among young people and the possibilities of the educational system in the formation of a tolerant environment specific to each region. The author proposes a set of measures for the prevention of anti-social phenomena within the framework of efforts taken by an educational organization.

Key words: extremism, tolerance, prevention of anti-social phenomena, delinquency, youth environment.

I.R. АMINOV PhD (law), Associate Professor of Public Law, Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa

WAHHABISM IS A THREAT TO MODERN RUSSIA

The history of the last quarter-century has shown that ethno-political and ethno-confessional threats lead to political instability inside individual countries and on the world stage, and also contribute to the collapse of major states and changes in the political configuration of certain world regions. The article provides a brief outline of the spread of Wahhabism in Russia, considers characteristics of their ideology, and also proposes measures for the prevention of further radicalization of the Islamic community in Russia.

Key words: Wahhabism, Islam, national and territorial security, terrorism, national Muslim community.

D.Z. BIKTIMIROVA working for a degree at the Chair of Politology and History of the Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa

YOUTH POLITICAL EXTREMISM AS A THREAT TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA

The youth is a mirror of any society. All the positive features of society, as well as its sores, are reflected in this socio-political group like in a drop of water. Russian youth is no exception. The younger generation of Russians is characterized not only by positive features but also by negative qualities, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, juvenile delinquency, social and racial intolerance, etc. Among all anti-social phenomena that threaten the national security of the country, youth extremism occupies a special place. This phenomenon poses a direct threat to the Russian state as an instrument of struggle for power by radical organizations. Violation of social peace and stability is a cause of deep concern not only for politicians, public figures, representatives of law enforcement bodies and human rights organizations, but also for ordinary citizens. This article examines the socio-political roots of youth extremism in Russia, and denotes measures for its prevention and neutralization.

Key words: youth extremism, national security, international relations, ideology, religions, radicalism, prevention.

FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

M.A. MAYSTAT PhD (political science), assistant professor, Department of Political Science and Sociology, Faculty of sociology, economics and law, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Russia, Moscow

CENTER – REGIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF POWER INTERACTION IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES

This article presents some features of the centralized and decentralized models of fiscal federalism, specifics of the developed model of fiscal federalism in Russia, introduction into federal and regional policy of the states, including Russia, lines of decentralization on the basis of increase of economic and financial independence of regions within their competitive development. In the article also is analyzed experience of tax and budgetary interaction of the federal center and regions in foreign countries.

Key words: fiscal federalism, federal and regional policy, tax allocation, fiscal equalisation, independence of regions, foreign experience.

Sh. KULIYEVA candidate of historical sciences, associate professor at the Peoples’ Friendship University, Russia, Moscow

K. ILYINOVA graduate student, department of political sciences at the Peoples’ Friendship University, Russia, Moscow

ECONOMIC PROSPECTS OF UKRAINE ON THE BACKGROUND OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN 2013-2014

The economy of Ukraine endures deep crisis. Loss of trust to the power generates political and social tension in society that leads to delimitation of citizens not only on social and economic, ethnocultural, political, but also on geographical to signs. Whether for parliament remains open the question will work well independently will cope with an economic crisis or without the international financial structures the solution of this question will borrow for many years. Also economic instability becomes aggravated anti-terrorist operation in the southeast of the country.

Key words: political crisis, economic reforms, revolution, international financial structures, transformation of a state system.

TRAINING COURSES

Yu.A. NISNEVICH D.Sc. (political science), Professor of Higher School of Economics, National Research University, and of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow

AUTHOR'S COURSE

"MODERN STATE: TRENDS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT"

The state is central issue in political sciences and is a major object of political studies. The state, like any other political institution, continuously evolves and changes in the process of the civilization development. Modern state is an unfinished product of transformation of the national state, due to post - industrial transit, transition to a post-industrial stage of development. The subject of the course is the study of the trends and problems of development of the modern state as a transformational process of changes of its ontological properties and internal mechanisms. The aim of the course is a systematic exposition of the political and legal concept of the modern state; of the basics of its operation in the context of confrontation between competition and corruption; of the trends and issues of reorganization of the modern state management. The methodology of the course is based on the paradigm of the normative-institutional research of the state as a political institution, on the systemic approach to the study of social phenomena and causal analysis of the transformations of the state at the conceptual, functional and organizational levels, as well as on the use of new methods of political science research, i.e. the method of politico-legal analysis and the method of comparative institutional analysis. The course orients the students to the study of the nature, methodology, legal frameworks and political mechanisms of the modern state functioning. The course is designed for masters and PhD students at the faculties of political sciences and faculties of state and municipal management of universities.

Key words: the state, political institution, transformation, post-industrial transit, rule of law state, secular state, social state, competition, corruption, governance, e-government, methods for the research of rule of law.

BOOK REVIEW

O.A. NESTERCHUK Doctor of Political Sciences, professor, professor of the Department of Political science and social policy Russian State Social University, Russia, Moscow

TECHNOLOGIES OF EFFECTIVE POLICY OF THE XXI CENTURY: EFFICIENCY, INNOVATION, POTENTIAL

(Review of the monograph: Politics. Twenty-first Century. Innovative Technologies: monograph / М.G. Аnohin, М.А. Bochanov, А.М. Vahovskiy, V.А. Glebov, О.Ye. Grishin, V.N. Davydov, D.О. Маtveenkov, Е.N. Моlodchaya; editors in chief: М.G. Аnohin, V.М. Platonov, О.Ye. Grishin. – М.: RUDN, 2013. – 435 p.)

The article discusses the possibility of implementing innovative technologies to improve the efficiency of the political process and achieve the desired results in the sphere of politics. The use of particular technologies determines the effectiveness of political control, regulation of political processes, stability of the political system and the political space.

Key words: policy, innovative technology, globalization, political activities, technological approaches, technologies of political activity, the information society, the Internet, the blogosphere, political participation, social networks, e-government, cyber-terrorism, information warfare, democratization, color revolutions, lobbying, GR-activity, GR-technology.