Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 8, Issue 10 (38), 2018.
CONTENTS
THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLICY
HUMAN RIGHTS AND POLITICAL CULTURE
POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
MODERN CHALLENGES AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION
THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLICY
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, People's Deputy of Russia (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90S. ELECTIONS OF THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA
The article examines issues associated with the beginning and history of formation of the democratic process in modern Russia. The example of the election of the first President of Russia on an alternative basis shows the illegal actions of the party nomenclature in the national republics, which for many years made decisions completely autonomously from the Russian authorities.
Key words: political history of the 90s, President of Russia, elections, national province, Republic of Mordovia, Regional Committee of the CPSU, labor collective, People's Deputy of Russia, authorized representative of the candidate for the President of Russia.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND POLITICAL CULTURE
K.S. HAJIYEV Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Chief Researcher of the National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, RAS, Moscow, Russia
THE TEMPTATION OF FREEDOM
The article attempts to substantiate the thesis about the need for new approaches in the interpretation of human rights and freedoms in the context of the deepest crisis of liberalism and those tectonic shifts that introduce radical changes to the systemic and structural components of the modern world. The main attention is focused on the absolutization of the famous formula “man is the measure of all things” characteristic of Western countries, leading to the libertarization and the actual absolutization of human rights and freedoms in their Western understanding, considered as the ultimate truth suitable for all nations. Recognizing their importance as the greatest achievement of Western peoples, at the same time, it is shown the need to consider them in the context of national-historical, spiritual, socio-cultural, political-cultural components of the national identity of peoples how they are reflected in the transformations taking place in the world.
Key words: Human rights, individual rights, collective rights, freedom, internal freedom, freedom of word, absolute freedom, liberalism, libertarism, the state, power.
POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES
V.Yu. ALEXANDROVA post-graduate student working for the Master’s degree at the Chair of State and Municipal Administration, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Candidate of Sciences (Political Science), Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
T.A. GUSARSKAYA Senior Lecturer at the Chair of Political Science, Deputy Director for the organization of the Institute of Contemporary Politics, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscоw, Russia
POLICY AIMED AT IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF CERTIFICATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS
The article discusses the main directions and problems of public policy aimed at improving the system of public service in the Russian Federation.
Key words: civil service, certification of civil servants, legislation, model of public administration, Russian Federation, federal legislation.
S.I. GALIEVA associate Professor at the Chair of legal studies Of Kazan National Research Tehnological University, Kazan, Russia
G.M. GALIEVA senior Lecturer at the Chair of legal studies Of Kazan National Research Tehnological University, Kazan, Russia
MECHANISMS AND THE DIRECTIONS OF STATE POLICY ON PREVENTION OF CRIME IN RUSSIA
In article mechanisms and the directions of state policy of Russia on crime prevention are considered. The author analyzes the relevant provisions of the federal legislation, generalizes the data characterizing participation of federal and regional authorities in the legislative activity connected with crime prevention and also considers specifics of a program method of realization of state policy on prevention of crime at the present stage.
Key words: state policy, state policy on crime prevention, mechanisms of state policy, the direction of state policy, state programs, legislative activity.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
D.S. JANTEEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Sociological Research and Analysis of the Karachay-Cherkess Institute for Humanitarian Studies under the Government of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Cherkessk, Russia
THE ETHNIC FACTOR IN THE POLITICAL AND COMMUNICATION PROCESSES
On the basis of the polyparadigmatic approach, the theoretical aspects of the manifestation and use of the ethnic factor in political and communicative processes are considered. The interrelation between the functionality of the ethnic factor and other circumstances indicated in the article is noted. The author presents the interpretation of political communication, its ethno-institutional restrictions, sign-symbolic forms of expression of the ethnic factor, the reasons for the unpredictability of ethnocommunicative behavior in politics.
Key words: political communication, political-communicative process, ethnic factor, ethnicity.
O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia
EXPERIENCE AND MECHANISM OF ACTIVITIES OF CROSS-BORDER REGIONS AND SPACES (Case of Euroregions)
In the article the author examines the experience and the mechanism of activity of transboundary regions and spaces using the case of Euroregions.
This problem is rather urgent. Modern political science, taking into account the growing intensity of international interregional relations and processes, seeks to understand the place and role the regions of states in formation of a new geopolitical balance of forces in the world, in general, and in specific regions, in particular; the way international inter-territorial cooperation can become an instrument of expansion of influence of states.
The aim of the research is to study the experience and mechanism of the activities of transboundary regions, the task is to examine this experience using the case of specific Euroregions: Karelia, Russia – South-East Finland, Barents – Euro-Arctic Region and Kolarctic. The choice of these regions was determined by their geography and history.
For the research, the system methodology and method of studying of international documents regulating international relations of the regions of states were used.
The following results were achieved: the international documents regulating the creation of the transboundary regions and spaces, their statutes have been analyzed; the goals and tasks of the creation of the Euroregions have been identified; the mechanism of their activity has been studied.
In the course of the research, the author came to the following conclusion: the creation of the transboundary regions and spaces was carried out in two ways: the first was the organization of cooperation without the status of a legal entity (the Euroregions "Russia – South-East Finland", "Kolarctic"). These Euroregions are created on the basis of intergovernmental agreements and international programs of cross-border cooperation; the second is the creation of multinational organizations (Euroregions "Karelia", "Barents – Euro-Arctic Region"). These regions are established as international legal entities, with the registration and charters. These variants of cross-border regions and spaces make it possible to redistribute powers in the sphere of international relations between states and their border regions, to resolve those issues that acquire a transnational dimension in the border area.
Key words: regionalization, regions of states, sub-state regions, international relations, international cooperation, cross-border cooperation, cross-border regions and spaces, Euroregions.
MODERN CHALLENGES AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS
V.L. ABRAMOV Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Chief Researcher of the Institute for International Economic Research of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
O.D. ABRAMOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES
The goal, which is set in the article, is a theoretical analysis of the transformation of the competitive advantages of transnational corporations (TNCs) at various stages of the process of economic and political globalization. In this regard, the following tasks were solved: the processes of the formation of competitive advantages of TNCs were analyzed from the standpoint of the existing theoretical and methodological approaches, their essential elements were highlighted. New scientific results consist in the identification of competitive advantages in today's stage of globalization in the conditions of the emergence of the digital economy.
They consist in the increasingly large-scale use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the intensive development of transnational corporate networks at various stages of the process of creating global value chains. Global production networks combine the dispersion of value chains directly at the TNK-based locations with a parallel process of integrating the levels of network participants beyond national borders.
At the present stage of globalization, the role of state regulation of national economies is being radically transformed. Modern TNCs play an ever-increasing role in the initiation of new standards, rules and norms of the global economy. Their growing role in effectively structuring the system of global regulation along with other governmental and intergovernmental organizations is noted.
Globalization at the present stage of the digital economy is seen as a process of transformation of international relations and organizations, including the possibility of forming a global government consisting of network organizations. Proposals for the use of more efficient forms and methods of economic and political influence of states and international organizations on the activities of TNCs in relation to the conditions of the digital economy are formulated.
Key words: Transnational corporations, TNCs, the digital economy, information and communication technologies, ICT, globalization, global regulation system, international organizations, government regulation of the economy.
O.E. GRISHIN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
M. KASEMS graduate student, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
V.P. BELYAEVA deputy director for teaching and educational work, the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow «School №97», Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING THE ENERGY-INDEPENDENCE OF THE BALTIC STATES IN THE SPHERE OF ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING
The article analyzes the causes, problems and consequences of the Baltic countries' exit project from the BRELL energy system (Belarus, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). The directions of the energy strategy of the Baltic countries are considered, among which the liquidation of the "Baltic island" of the energy system of the European Union. It was shown that the energy infrastructure is the last region that does not allow to fully integrate into the European Union and break off ties with Russia. It was revealed that the concept of energy independence of the Baltic States from Russia is openly political despite socio-economic interests. The energy independence of the Baltic is a geopolitical project of the West, for which neither budgetary money nor taxpayers' expenses do not mean much. Based on the analysis of the causes and consequences of the withdrawal of the Baltic countries from BRELL, conclusions were drawn about the political nature of the project and the problems and negative consequences of its implementation.
Key words: energy independence, Baltic countries, Russia, European Union, electric power, BRELL.
Z.M. KURBONOVA Candidate of political sciences, Doctoral candidate of Institute of Philosophy, Political Sciences and Law named after A. Bahouddinov, of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
M.N. IKROMOVA PhD student, Tajik State University of commerce, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
INTER-TAJIK CONFLICT: HOW IT WAS
This article discusses the problems of the inter-тajik conflict, especially, the inter-tajik conflict, as a historical-political phenomenon, its specificity, development dynamics, driving forces, causes and consequences, as well as ways to resolve it.
The prerequisites for the beginning of the inter-tajik conflict of 1992-1997 were the difficult economic situation in the country, the ecological catastrophe (as a consequence of the monoculture of cotton), and the protracted and brutal confrontation of the clans in Tajikistan by that time, which led to the struggle between north and south of Tajikistan.
Key words: inter-tajik conflict, prerequisites, consequences, ways of prevent.
E.L. PANIN PhD, associate professor of the Department of Political Science of the Russian State Аgrarian University – MTAA, Moscow, Russia
THE PLACE OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
The article is devoted to the problem of determining the role and place of Russia in the modern world, comparing the geopolitical concepts of the mid-19th-early 21st century. Their features are analyzed, advantages and disadvantages are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the theory of "cultural-historical types" of N.Y. Danilevsky. Its relevance in modern conditions is shown.
Key words: world system, the idea of multipolarity, cultural-historical type, progress, civilization, geopolitics.
S.T. IKRAMOV post-graduate working for the scientific degree at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA’S CURRENT FOREIGN POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA
Russia's foreign policy in a number of regions of the world has significantly intensified in recent years. In the Middle East, Russia take spart in the settlement of the Syrian internal conflict, in the Central Asian region it successfully promotes the integration projects aimed at developing the economy and strengthening security. This article is focused on Russia's foreign policy to wards the five Central Asian republics: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, as the countries with which Russia is closely connected in the region. The author considers certainare as of cooperation between the countries of the region and Russia, and concludes that Russian foreign policy interests are determined with the objective problems typical for this region and political environment of recent decades in the world.
Key words: Central Asian region, security, terrorism, drug trafficking, ethnic conflict, SCO.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION
F.P. URAZAEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Head Researcher at the Academy of Humanities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
JAPAN AND CHINA: COOPERATION IN EAST ASIA
According to the many scientists and politicians, the future lies on Asia. Therefore intra-Asian competition has not only a regional but also a global significance. Historically relations between Japan and China have been interdependent, controversial and contradictory. Each side wanted to dominate, or at least to have greatest influence in Asia.
Nowadays the Japanese and the Chinese do not really like each other. According to survey among the population, most of the Japanese people are very concerned that territorial disputes between neighbors can lead the possibility of a military conflict. There was a time when journalists often talked about "economically hot, but politically cold" relations between Japan and China. Today, the situation is further exacerbated by the extraordinary energy that China spent on building up its military potential (especially in the naval sphere) in order to keep pace with its growing economic power. General relations between China and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region, including the United States, have become extremely perverted. There are problems in security relations, despite the fact that economic relations are getting stronger. Japan and China will expand bilateral economic relations, although economic, territorial and strategic disagreements will maintain the existing tension in relation to each other. Japanese-Chinese relations is a new Great game in Asia and eternal competition. According above mentioned facts, the topic of Japan Chine relations is very relevant.
Key words: China, Japan, the Asia-Pacific region, relations, economy, security.
I.N. BEKMURATOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor of Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Republic Uzbekistan
PEACEFUL RISE OF CHINA AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE VITALITY OF THE «MIDDLE WAY» PHILOSOPHY
The article focuses on various factors associated with a peaceful rise of China. It gives scientific substantiation of the specific experience of the Chinese people in social arrangement of their state that, in its turn, may encourage other countries of the world to choose their future in accordance with their own national traditions.
Key words: social policy, China's experience, politics, economy, efficiency, welfare of the citizens, China.
D.S. VALIEV post-graduate student of the Department of political science and mass media of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
MUSLIM MINORITIES IN GERMANY: HISTORY OF LABOUR MIGRATION AND THE STATE OF PUBLIC DIALOGUE
The article deals with the issue of Muslim migration to Germany. It gives a brief history of labour migration in the post-war period. It discusses the existing cultural contradictions between Muslim migrants and the hosting European society and analyzes efforts of the German Federal government aimed at establishing a dialogue between cultures and integrating Muslim migrants.
Key words: migration in Germany, Muslim minority, the host society, cultural conflicts, integration programs and processes.
R.I. GAYFUTDINOV graduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Philosophy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
IDLIB AS A SERIOUS TEST OF THE STRENGTH OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS
The article is devoted to the interaction of the Russian Federation and the Turkish Republic in the Syrian war, namely, the situation around the province of Idlib. The article describes the importance of political dialogue within the framework of the military operation in the province, and also identifies the risks for Russian-Turkish relations in view of the prevailing geopolitical situation.
Key words: Syrian War, Turkish Republic, Russian Federation, R.T. Erdogan, B. Assad, Idlib.
А.А. LYSENKO Post-graduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science Peoples` Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION POLICY ON MIGRATION FLOWS FROM SOUTHEAST ASIA
The article focuses on the impact of European Union policies on migration flows from South-East Asia. Some of these factors are structurally inherent in the socio-economic situation in the region over the past decades, others are characteristic of the present stage of the development of the association. One of the systemic factors determining the migration policy of the EU countries is the insufficiently high level of natural population growth. A certain potential for strengthening the migration movement in the Southeast Asian Region is formed due to the low influence of the current migration flow in the EU on the quantity and quality of labor resources.
Key words: European Union policy, migration flow, South-East Asia.