Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 2 (42), 2019.
CONTENTS
THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY
A.V. MALASHENKO Full professor, Dr. Sci. (Histor. Sci), Chief Researcher of the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute, Berlin, Germany
Yu.A. NISNEVICH Full professor, Dr.Sci. (Pol.Sci.), professor, Department of Political Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
A.V. RYABOV Ph. D. (Histor.Sci), lead researcher at Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF POST-INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATION
This article studies challenges and threats in post-industrial development of the civilization. Information challenges include information inequality between countries and regions; information stratification of society; cybercrime; cyberwarfare; difficulty in protection of intellectual property rights, copyright and related rights; increased information and communication threats to privacy; advanced technological capabilities for information manipulation of public opinion. There is a rise in environmental threats, including air pollution and climate change. In future, revolutionary changes in biotechnology and genetic engineering can lead to the social problem of vital inequality causing stratification by the quality of life. Migration as an integral part of globalization brings about new issues of inter-ethnic, inter-confessional and inter-cultural exchange. The rise of Islamism plays an important role in the actualization of this trend. Religious radicalism, of Islamic or any other kind, contributes to the development of terrorism and destruction of internal stability of modern societies. The main political threats of post-industrial transit are separatism, which endangers the stability of public authorities and integrity of the country, and modern terrorism, most common ideological ground of which is religious extremism of Islamic type. Threats and challenges of postindustrial transit bring up the question of whether they can be successfully overcome under the conditions of post-Fordist model of capitalism and whether it can be preserved as the economic basis of the planetary civilization.
Key words: civilization, post-industrial transit, information challenges, environmental threats, vital inequality, Islamism, separatism, terrorism.
L.N. GONCHAROVA Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics, Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Belgorod, Russia
REGIONAL COUNTRIES GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC INTERACTION ANALYSIS
The relations of the states – regional centers of power with the countries and peoples of the periphery can occur in the format of the so-called "associated-dependent development", when the centers of power are the guarantors of their independence and development sponsors. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that dependence is not always the result of the policies of the states of power centers. Strictly speaking, there is interdependence, largely based on the economic and geopolitical interests of the two sides – the center and the periphery.In other words, they are interconnected and their relationship can be defined through the paired category «center-periphery».
Key words: geopolitics, geo-economics, "Center", "periphery", regional space, synergetics, regional policy.
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
V.S. PUSKO Doctor of Science (philosophy) professor, professor of Departament of humanities VA RVSN then Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia
THE SECURITI OF CIVIL SOCIETY: THE PROBLEM OF PROVIDING
The article deals with the most general aspects of ensuring the security of civil society in Russia in modern conditions.
Keу words: civil society, power, security, national security, political modernization, social movements, parties.
A.A. CHEMSHIT Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor of the Department of “Political Science and International Relations”, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
O.S. STATSENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Docent, Sevastopol State University, Law institute, Head of Faculty, “Theory and History of State and Law”, Sevastopol, Russia
UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PROJECT: FROM STATE INSUFFICIENCY TO SOCIAL DEGRADATION
There are a political analysis of Ukrainian political project. The idea of state insufficiency of modern Ukraine is singled out. The analysis shows that Ukraine for a quarter of a century has not been able to overcome any of the crisis stages: identity, penetration, legality, participation and distribution and has not found in the strict sense of mandatory signs of statehood.
The dynamics of socio-economic and humanitarian-political problems of irreversible order or otherwise – systemic degradation of society is traced. We are talking about the shadow economy, deindustrialization of the country, demographic collapse, the crisis of the educational system, total corruption, folding carnival political culture, moral degradation.
Key words: Ukrainian political project, state insufficiency, crises of statehood formation, corruption, shadow economy, deindustrialization, degradation of society.
V.A. GLEBOV Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
O.D. GROSSMAN Master of Political Science, Moscow, Russia
V.O. GRISHIN Student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, Moscow region state university, Moscow, Russia
METHODS OF COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF RADICAL IDEAS IN RUSSIA: CURRENT VIEW
Radicalism is a real threat to the multinational people of the Russian Federation. Radical ideas, sometimes, enjoy a certain popularity and are set forth in the programs of political parties and movements in Russia. We consider methods to counter the spread of radical ideas. Effective methods are socio-cultural and educational, in which there is a direct influence on the population of the country and the introduction of the ideas of tolerant attitude towards others. These methods are not obsessive and are effective in modern political processes. The authors complement the existing gap in this direction of Russian political science.
Key words: radicalism, sociocultural method, educational method, idea, Russia, Constitution, media, cinema.
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
N.V. SIMONOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF MORALITY OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN PEOPLE
In the article, the authors consider the problems of morality of the modern Russian people. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes, explain the consequences and show possible ways to eliminate problems with morality in society.
Key word: morality, problems of morality, education, religion, society.
К.V. GOKOEVA postgraduate student of the Department of general history and political science, North-Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia
ROLE OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING THE LEGITIMACY OF EXECUTIVE DECISIONS
The article is summarizing the results of the author’s studies of the role of the PR in increasing the legitimacy of executive decisions in the process of formation of the information society. As the method of research, the author has chosen a theoretical review of various approaches to the development of the issue of legitimization and political communications existing in the domestic and foreign scientific literature. It is established that the conceptualization of the relationship between the public opinion and the level of legitimacy of the executive political decisions, from the point of view of the considered theories, in the pragmatic aspect will contribute to the expansion of high-quality communicative interaction between the public and the executive authorities, to the growth of its legitimacy through the search of compromises and social consensus. The author has analyzed modern requirements to the PR activities of the executive authorities as a variety of political communications from the position of the relational paradigm and revealed the specifics of their use by the executive authorities for the purposes of formation of public opinion in the process of legitimization of political decisions.
Key words: the executive power, decisions of executive authorities, legitimacy, legitimation strategy, public opinion, factors, communications, PR, relational paradigm.
V.D. MOCHALOVA graduate, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
JOINING OF CRIMEA TO RUSSIA AS A NATURAL REORGANIZATION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Relations between Russia and Ukraine are the relations of two fraternal Slavic States and are of great importance for Russia's foreign policy, since for more than one century Ukraine has been of interest to the West in the context of geopolitical struggle with Russia. Historically, countries such as Poland, Lithuania and Austria have shown interest in Ukraine. Now the United States and the European Union. The fact that Russia and Ukraine have historically always been a single state, suggests that Kiev was once the capital of Kievan Rus.
The article deals with political relations between Crimea, Russia and Ukraine in the context of the reorganization of the post-Soviet space.
Key words: foreign policy, Crimea, Russia, Ukraine, autonomy, USSR, UN, referendum.
M.A. OFITSEROV post-graduate student of the faculty of state and municipal government, the Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration, brunch Northwest Institute of Management, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
THE MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF THE ESSENCE OF LEADERSHIP IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
The results of the functioning of the political system, the adoption and implementation of political decisions depend on people on their political activity and competence, their attitude to power structures, their ability to influence the direction of the activities of government institutions. It is the person (political leader) who is primary in the system of government and society. Considering the above, the complex of problems associated with the system of formation and training of political leaders both on a national scale and at a regional level is of particular relevance. So, the above circumstances determined the necessity and timeliness of research on the specified issues. The purpose of the article is to study the multidimensional essence of leadership in local governments. Modern intelligence of political leadership is carried out using deductive and inductive, ideographic and nomothetic approaches within the whole complex of sciences: philosophy, history, political science, sociology, psychology, etc. In the process of research, the content and categorical essence of leadership in local governments is viewed through the prism of such approaches how: leadership is the source of power, leadership as the ability of a person, leadership as a process of satisfying needs. An analysis of the existing scientific heritage allowed us to identify four main approaches to its interpretation: perception of leadership in local government as the power of one or a group of individuals; leadership as an individual psychological phenomenon of the personality of a leader; leadership as a reaction to a certain situation, leadership as a phenomenon that arises only when there is a socio-historical need for people to organize their activities to meet their personal and collective needs in optimal time with an optimal result. Considering the results of the study, the article articulates the author’s vision of the phenomenon under study, according to which leadership in the local government system can be represented as a socio-political-psychological process in a team or group, caused by a specific situation and built on the influence of a leader’s personal authority on overall result on a mutually beneficial basis.
Key words: leadership, local government, activity, phenomenon.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
G.M. SIDOROVA Doctor of Political Sciences (Dr. Habil), Professor of the Department of theory and history of international relations, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia (Author ID: 590030)
S.I. LUNEV undergraduate student of international relations, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia
DESTABILIZATION IN THE AFRICAN GREAT LAKES REGION AS A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
The authors of the article attempt to identify the causes of military and political processes which have been destabilizing the situation in the Great African Lakes Region (GALR) over the past decades. Among the tasks set are: the analysis of the causes of armed conflicts in the region, including ethnic, political and social factors. Clashes of interests of illegal armed groups of Congolese, Ugandan, Rwandan or Burundian origins involved in the illegal exploitation of natural resources of the GALR, result in local conflicts both between the armed groups themselves and with the army units of the DR Congo. The militants terrorize the civilian population, forcing people to abandon their homes in search of safer places. As a result, new emerging problems require research – humanitarian crises and human rights violations. As a result of the migration of different ethnic groups to new settlements, other local conflicts emerge. The already-existing conflicts overlap with the new ones. An important area of study is the social rehabilitation of such a group as "child soldiers". At an early age they are kidnapped by militants, who make of them juvenile criminals. They use their slave labor, force to fight and plunder. Traumatized psychologically and incapable of peaceful life, teenagers are forced to obey warlords in order to avoid violence. Using event analysis and methods of empirical political science, the authors came to the conclusion that the solution to the problem of ending armed conflicts in the GALR and the establishment of peace in the region is the task not only of local authorities, but of the entire world community. This is especially important in the context of global peace and hybrid wars, when any instability in any region of the world can be considered as a threat to international security.
Key words: Africa, Great African lakes Region, international security, illegal armed groups, armed conflicts, humanitarian disasters, “child soldiers”.
L.V. PASHCHENKO Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Associate Professor at the Chair of history and law, Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia
RUSSIA'S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN THE ARCTIC AND THE PROBLEMS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Based on the analysis of the conceptual documents of the Russian Federation the article determines Russia’s national interests in the Arctic, as well as the problems of their implementations. The importance of the Arctic zone for the strategic development of Russia is determined primarily by the natural resource potential that forms the basis for the country’s sustainable development. Along with the resource potential, of particular importance is the use of the possibilities of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a national transport highway. The special status of the Arctic is determined also by the geopolitical factor, the need to ensure the country’s military security. At the present stage, the leadership of the country have taken serious steps to implement the planned national projects, however, along with the successes the author notes negative trends related to the worsening of the demographic situation in the region, growing shortage of professional staff and insufficient funding.
Key words: the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, national interests, region, Arctic, Northern Sea Route, transport hub.
P.E. BIRYUKOV postgraduate student, Institute of Law and National Security at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
CONFESSIONAL AND INTERCULTURAL CONFLICTS IN THE SPACE OF THE ITC: SPECIFICITIES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
The importance of international transport corridors (ITC), including on the territory of the Russian Federation, necessitates of supporting their safety. The article analyzes the confessional and intercultural conflictogenic potential of the ITC spaces. The analysis of existing religious and cultural conflicts allowed to systematize and classify them. The author summarizes the international experience of confessional and intercultural conflict resolution, choosing the methods suitable for use in ITC activities. The practical significance of the article is the correlation of these conflicts with the activities of the ITC and the selection of ways to solve them, taking into account international experience.
Key words: ITC, international transport corridors, conflicts, confessional conflicts, religious conflicts, intercultural conflicts, conflicts in the space of the ITC, ways to resolve conflicts.
J.Sh. VALIEV postgraduate student at the Department of politology and mass communications, Financial University at the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL ASPECT OF THE MUSLIMS’ INTEGRATION IN GERMANY IN THE CONTEXT OF HARTMUT ESSER'S ASSIMILATION PARADIGM
The article considers migration processes and models of integration of the Muslim migrants in modern Germany. The authors describe the origin and content of such concepts as "assimilation" and "integration." They discuss the possibility of adapting the American model of "assimilation" in the European context in respect of integration of Muslim migrants. They analyze the efforts of the German Federal government aimed at discussion and development of the integration program with the representatives of the Muslim minority.
Key words: migration to Germany, Muslim minority, the host society, cultural conflicts, integration programs and processes, assimilation model.
D.F. KARIMOVA postgraduate student at the Chair of political analyses and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN TAJIKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN IN THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE
The guarantor of maintaining the geopolitical balance in the Central Asian region for Tajikistan is the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the proposed article is to assess modern Tajik-Kazakh relations in the conditions of state independence of the Republic of Tajikistan. The article discusses the stages of formation of the foreign policy of Tajikistan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The article highlights Tajik-Kazakh cooperation within the framework of the SCO, CIS, CSTO, OSCE and the UN. The Republic of Tajikistan actively participates in solving various problems, such as the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking, strengthening and ensuring stability in the region, on the basis of an open-door policy. The development of diplomatic relations of the Republic of Tajikistan with the countries of Central Asia, in particular with the Republic of Kazakhstan in conditions of independence from 1991 to 2018, is considered in more detail. Considered legal base between the two states.
Key words: Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Kazakhstan, foreign policy, Central Asian region, diplomatic relations, strategic partner, national security.
A.A. PUSSURMANOVA Postgraduate, Department of Political Science and Political Philosophy, Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
EURASIAN INTEGRATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
One of the main characteristics of the modern world is the growing chaos in international relations, economic and political crises at the global and regional levels. Against the background of the recent global economic crisis, many regions are accelerating integration, and many countries prefer regional associations as a mechanism that will help them overcome the global recession.
Key words: integration, Eurasia, Russia, development, economy, crisis, organization.
TOUBASI SALEM postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Palestine
THE DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM OF THE LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES AND ITS IMPACT ON ARAB INTEGRATION
This paper analyzes the decision-making system of the League of Arab States, and its impact on Arab integration in terms of institutionalism and integration theory. The League of Arab States makes its decisions on the basis of cooperation and negotiations. The paper focuses on the method of decision-making and how could it lead to a mutual policy and unanimous actions. The author believes that this system does not have effective operations, in practice at the regional level. Even in economic or security spheres, when member states have more mutual interests, the cooperation of integration of the League of Arab States is limited by political framework with minimal agreements as their results. The author suggests using the experience of the European Union, according to which a supranational institution should propose a project, monitor the development and implementation of the policies and behavior of the countries concerned. Integrative direction and prospects of The League of Arab States depends on its future decision-making system.
Key words: Arab League, decision-making system, Arab cooperation, Arab regional cooperation, political integration in Arab countries, Arab Union, European integration, Middle East International Organizations.
SALIM HAVAL MAHDI postgraduate student Department of Political Analysis and Management Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
MODERN IRAQ: PECULIARITIES OF POLITICAL PROCESSES AND KURDISH AUTONOMY
The article is devoted to the political process in Iraq which today occupy a special place in international relations. The domestic and foreign policy pursued by the government of Iraq and as well as the problem of the Kurdish issue, becomes the focus of events. The purpose of the article is to study the military-political processes and their influence on the political situation in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan in the context of their political development regarding the current stage and taking into account this religious confession.
Key words: referendum, independence, voting, parliament, mandate, war, political system, state, Kurds, foreign policy, refugees.
FREDDY AGONNUDE postgraduate student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
DEMOCRACY AT THE SERVICE OF SOUTH AFRICA'S FOREIGN POLICY
The article considers the place and role of democracy and human rights in the South Africa's foreign policy. The author analyzes the process of change in the South Africa's foreign policy after the fall of the apartheid regime and transition to democracy. The author gives characteristics of foreign policy under different South Africa’s presidents from 1994 to 2018 and analyzes foreign policy steps made by South Africa in the field of peacekeeping and protection of human rights in the African continent.
Key words: Apartheid, foreign policy, democracy, human rights, the African National Congress, South Africa, BRICS.