№ 3 (31), 2018

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 3 (31), 2018.

CONTENTS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

ETHNOPOLITICS AND INTERETHNIC RELATIONS

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

REVIEWS

Our authors № 3-2018

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, full professor, professor at The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

IWAINA MOHAMMED post-graduate student at the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Palestine

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PALESTINIAN STATE

Article is devoted to the analysis of development of Palestine as sovereignty with due regard to internal contradictions in political system of the Palestinian society such as problems of interaction and internal disagreements between PA, Fatah, HAMAS, which all are under military occupation and management of various Israeli authorities belong and depends on external factors.

Key words: Palestinian statehood, Fatah, HAMAS, PA, Palestine.

V.V. PYZH doctor of political Sciences, Professor of the Department socio-humanitarian disciplines NSU them. P.F. Lesgaft, expert of the defence and security Commission of the inter-parliamentary Assembly of the CIS member States, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.E. FROLOV candidate of philosophical Sciences, associate Professor of MPO VUNTS Navy "naval Academy. N.G. Kuznetsova", St. Petersburg, Russia

THE POLITICAL SECURITY OF THE STATE AND THE POLITICAL STABILITY OF THE SOCIETY AS AN OBJECT OF POLITICAL ANALYSIS

The Article reveals the content of the concept of security as the basic needs of man and society. It examines the main components of the national security of the state – the political security of the state and the political stability of society, ways to ensure them in modern conditions.

Key words: national security, political security of the state, political stability of society, vital interests of the individual, society and state.

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

N.A. ERSHOV MA degree candidate Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

INTERNET POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS

The article examines the key points of the political election campaign carried out on the Internet. It also assesses the main features of modern political consulting on the Internet. We show various techniques and methods of political communication on the Internet using the examples of specific political practices applied both in Russia and abroad.

Key words: political communication, election campaign, “real politics”, Internet politics, internet communication, crowdsourcing, crowdfounding.

А.А. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Assistant Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Assistant Professor at the Chair of politology and political management, Russian Presidential Academy of national economy and public administration, Moscow, Russia

А.А. МАSLYANY public notary of the city of Moscow, lawyer, Moscow, Russia

REPRESENTATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE FUNCTIONS OF PARLIAMENTS OF SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MOSCOW REGIONAL DUMA

The article discusses the powers of the legislative body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the example of the Moscow regional Duma. The article discloses features of participation of the Parliament of the Moscow region in the federal legislative process, as well as some forms of interaction between Moscow regional Duma and executive authorities of the subject.

Key words: parliament, constituent entity of the Russian Federation, Moscow regional Duma, powers and functions of the regional parliament, legislative process.

A.S. PARAMOKHINA postgraduate student of the Chair of history of social movements and political parties, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SMALL BUSINESS ORIENTATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION BY MIDDLE CLASS OF ITS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FUNCTIONS IN THE 1990s.

The article analyzes political orientations of the middle class of the 1990s, represented by small entrepreneurs, and raises the question of what impact these orientations could have had on the ability of the middle class to perform its basic socio-political functions. As a source database, the author used materials of sociological surveys conducted from 1996 to 2000 and published in the database "Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population by RLMS-HSE", as well as materials of sociological surveys conducted by the Obshchestvennoe Mnenie Foundation in 1998 and 2000. The author comes to the conclusion that in the 1990s small entrepreneurs, even being in the minority, were stronger supporters of the new social system, values of market economy and democratic political system than hired employees. However, due to their small number small businesses could not fulfill the function of maintaining social and political stability. In addition, they were forced to adhere to the help of criminal structures and use other illegal methods. Such actions had a negative effect on their ability to transmit liberal democratic values to the society and the attitude towards the entrepreneurs was ambiguous. Thus, although demonstrating adequate orientations during the polls, small businesses in practice failed to perform functions typical for the middle class in democratic systems.

Key words: small business, middle class, political orientations, social and political functions, political stability, liberal democratic values.

R.F. SABIRYANOV post-graduate student at the Chair of philosophy and political science, Bashkir state University, Ufa, Russia

PROTOFEDERALISM AS A FACTOR OF TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT RUSSIAN STATE: POLITICAL ASPECT

The territorial development of Russia, which started since ancient times, has federal features in its design. Acting as a territorial and spatial marker of domination, federalism also reflects a trend of uniting different communities and peoples. This article presents a political analysis of proto-federalism conditioned by the entire course of the historical development of Russian statehood as a factor of territorial development and growth of Ancient Rus.

Key words: political science, protofederalism, political regulation, territory, Ancient Rus, territorial development, transformation, growth.

ETHNOPOLITICS AND INTERETHNIC RELATIONS

M.M. GADZHIEV Political Sciences Candidate, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Social, Makhachkala, Russia

INTERETHNIC FAMILY AS A FACTOR IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF SOCIETY

The article is devoted to the role of the family, in particular, interethnic, consolidation of society to ensure stability and interethnic harmony in society, and shows the relationship between family and interethnic relations.

Key words: interethnic family, unity, consolidation, family relations, upbringing, culture, humanism, tradition.

D.A. SHOVKANOV graduate student of the faculty of national and federative relations of the Institute of state service and administration of Russian presidential Academy of national economy and state service under the President of the Russian Federation, Deputy General Director of JSC "State insurance company "Yugoria", Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AS THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CONTROLLER LOCALIZATION OF INTER-ETHNIC TENSIONS AND CONFLICT

The article discusses the need for the distribution of inter-state and inter-regional (horizontal) responsibility for interethnic and ethno-political conflicts occurring in the regions of the country. According to the author, national public associations do not fully meet the expectations of the Executive and municipal authorities, which are assigned to these entities in the field of strengthening interethnic relations, adaptation of compatriots, their integration into civil society, which, inter alia, is due to the lack of constructive dialogue and proper interaction of leaders of national associations with state and municipal authorities, law enforcement services, which is also due to the lack of understanding in their legitimacy, the authority and respect both of compatriots living in the regions and representatives of the authorities of their national republics. The author proposes to introduce the concept of collective responsibility, which is to consolidate at the international level with the participation of authorized representatives of diplomatic missions in Russia of the countries of the Caucasus, Transcaucasia and Central Asia, national-cultural autonomies (national associations) through the conclusion of tripartite agreements on harmonization of interethnic relations. Inter-regional (horizontal) liability of Executive bodies should become an effective regulator in inter-ethnic relations, sometimes only officials in the region are able to exert effective influence on their compatriots (countrymen) through external control and setting of the individual internal self-regulation.

Key words: national public enterprises, harmonization of interethnic relations, interethnic and ethno-political conflicts, ethnic tensions, inter-ethnic tolerance.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

I.V. FORET Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of the regional studies and foreighn countries economy Faculty of International Relations Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

THE EU MIGRATION POLICY: VISEGRAD GROUP POLICY REVIEW

In this article the author analyzes the position of the Visegrad Group countries and the development of the European Union migration crisis at the present stage. The subject of the research is the migration policy of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia on the European Union scale and the impact of various factors on its transformation. The aim of the research is to study the main components of the position of the Visegrad Group countries on crisis in the EU migration policy. The author concludes upon the further development of relations between Brussels, on the one hand, and Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, on the other.

Key words: migration, European Union, crisis, asylum, refugee, European Union law, Dublin regulation, Visegrad group.

N.U. KHАNАLIEV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), staff member of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AS AN ALTERNATIVE US ACTOR IN THE MIDDLE EAST

The article attempts to identify and analyze the most important factors and conditions for the return of the Russian Federation to the Greater Middle East Region as an alternative geopolitical actor to the US. Given the scale and complexity of the topic, the main focus is on some, in the author's view, significant problems, taking as a basis Russia's policy towards the US, on the one hand, and the leading regional states such as Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia. Of course, the author could not help but touch upon the issue of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which was seriously aggravated when President D. Trump came to power in the United States. Naturally, much attention is paid to the problem of the decoupling of the Syrian knot.

Key words: Russia, Middle East, USA, politics, geopolitics, region, great power, war, Syrian knot, terrorism, ISIL.

G.D. CHEREMIN candidate for degree, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Institute for social sciences, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PUBLIC POLICY IN RESPECT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT

The article analyzes the foreign experience of the state policy in the field of railway transport and the typology based on the form of ownership is reviewed. The state policy of the USA, countries of Europe, policy of the management of the European Union concerning railway transport is considered. The article highlights both the advantages and disadvantages of the state policy that is conducted in Western countries. The Swedish model is shown separately as an example of a balanced approach of the state to the development of the Railways. The common features in European policy are noted: 1) implementation of railway transport support as one of the key sectors of the economy; 2) preservation of state ownership of infrastructure; 3) preservation of organizational and regulatory functions; 4) financing of infrastructure projects; 5) support of socially important passenger transportations. The article also considers the experience of a number of Asian countries – Japan, China, North Korea, India. The similarity of the Japanese and European models of public policy is noted. It is shown the specific conditions for the development of the Japanese railway transport due to the peculiarities of the network topology and enhanced social orientation in politics. The article also notes that the Soviet model policy in relation to the Railways was applied in China and the North Korea. Both countries maintain tight state control over the Railways. However, in China and India some elements of European models have been introduced. In Brazil, Mexico and Argentina the evolution of government policy towards the Railways was in the same way: firstly, the nationalization of private roads and privatization as ineffective; then the drastic decline of passenger traffic (mostly commuters); and finally, new strengthening of state control or even renationalization. It is concluded that in all countries the ultimate goal is to create a fairly flexible scheme that combines the advantages of different types of property.

Key words: public policy, railway transport, natural monopolies.

A.E. TEMIRKHANOVA Eurasian national university of L.N. Gumilev, Astana, Kazakhstan

INTERACTION OF THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA AND RUSSIA IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

The article is devoted to the actual and contemporary problem – the problem of combating international terrorism. After the completion of the operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria and the defeat of the main forces of the international terrorists of the "Islamic state", many militants from Central Asia began returning to their countries. It is noted that various bandit groups, using religious slogans, challenge the states of the region and set the task of creating a caliphate on all Muslim lands of Eurasia. It is emphasized that the instability in the north of Afghanistan and the activation of militants pose a security threat not only to the countries of Central Asia, but to China and Russia. It is concluded that Russia, as well as international organizations represented by the CSTO and the SCO, remains the main guarantor of the security of the whole region.

Key words: international terrorism, Central Asia, "Islamic state", Afghanistan, security, Islam.

R.V. TODOROVA graduate student, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY AS A MOVING POWER OF ENERGY POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

In my article, I reviewed renewable energy sources as a driving force. At the beginning of the 21st century, mankind is increasingly confronted with the fact that the need for electricity is rapidly increasing. This trend can lead to the fact that the volume of production will increase and subsequently there will be a rapid burning of fossil fuels. This, in turn, may exacerbate one of the global environmental problems - the problem of global warming. World reserves of fuel are approaching the moment of natural exhaustion. The European Union, like in Bulgaria, is aware of the benefits of renewable energy sources (RES). Europe is guided by a new common energy policy, which is a package of comprehensive measures to reorient the economies of Member States to the efficient use of low-carbon energy and also increase energy efficiency. In recent years, climate change has become increasingly more turbulent, and therefore, a new energy policy is emerging on the territory of the European Union and in particular at the national level in Bulgaria.

Key words: Bulgaria, energy, politics, law, national plan, energy sources, the European Union, energy efficiency, electricity.

E.R. SHIRGAZINA postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Politology of Bashkir State University Ufa, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF BRICS COOPERATION

Western actors, primarily member countries of NATO, operating in world political environment today, base their strategic attitude on geopolitical imperatives founded in the beginning of XX century, ignoring provisions of the UN Charter signed by them which are requiring that in a basis of their activity should be the principle of peaceful coexistence. Its compliance alongside with the principle of the sovereign equality of states provides genuine multipolarity of changing world as feature of world political process that is revealed with the example of BRICS countries.

Key words: UN Charter, principles of International Law, world political process, geopolitics, BRICS, geostrategy.

LI DAN postgraduate student, Eastern Institute - School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

POLICY OF CHINA'S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF RUSSIAN STUDIES

The active interest in studying the Soviet Union in the PRC began at the turn of the 1980s, when the party authorities took the course to overcome the consequences of the Soviet-Chinese split. The study of Soviet experience continued after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the PRC and the Russian Federation began to form bilateral ties in the new conditions. In the 1990s, new incentives and opportunities for studying the USSR and Russia appeared in China. On the one hand, studies conducted by Chinese scientists on some topics have reached a high theoretical level. On the other hand, the intensification of research activity was accompanied by errors in practical methodology. The strategic partnership between Russia and China has become one of the priority areas of the PRC foreign policy since the beginning of the 2000s and is continuing successfully. As bilateral relations improve, the study of the Soviet past and Russia at the present stage in the political, historical, economic and other spheres is increasing. At present, there are 26 scientific institutes in China at the academies and universities, in which research into Russia is being conducted to some extent. The article examines the research and educational organizations of the study of Russia in the XXIst century, of which the institutes at universities are divided into two groups: the institutes for studying the Russian language and the institutes for studying Russia, as well as their specific areas of research and function. The purpose of this work is to analyze the research institutions of the People's Republic of China in which they teach different courses in the Russian language and Russian history, and also study Chinese-Russian relations, their present activities that promote educational cooperation between the two countries.

Key words: PRC, scientific-research institutes, educational institutions, Russian language, cooperation between China and Russia, institutes of Russian studies, academy, university.

A.A. PUSSURMANOVA Postgraduate, Department of Political Science and Political Philosophy; Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

PERSPECTIVES OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION

The article discusses the prospects of Eurasian integration, describes the main approaches to the evaluationof integration trends and results. Sets out the main objectives and directions of development of political and economic cooperation in the Eurasian space. A brief survey of the key issues and challenges of Eurasian integration, the development of integration cooperation in the post-Soviet space and beyond.

Key words: Eurasian integration, national interests, economic development, Eurasian space, the prospects, society, free trade zone, independence.

N.R. WERNER postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPATRIOTS AS AN ELEMENT OF SOFT POWER

The article considers such issues as the contradictions of compatriots living in Germany in the matter of identification, the problems of the Russian-speaking diaspora in Germany, the analysis of the present constituent soft power of Russia abroad. Also in the article on the example of Germany, which actively shapes its attractive image in the international arena, it is shown what negative consequences this can have. In particular, it is noted that it is necessary to form not the individual positive features of the state, but its integral image, to envisage the negative side effects of using soft power, to coordinate the actions of non-state actors in the implementation of soft power.

Key words: soft power, public diplomacy, Germany, Russia, migrants, non-state actors, negative aspects of soft power.

D.A. SHELEST Master Philosophy, Deputy Director of Expert and Analytics Center of FEFU, Vladivostok, Russia

POLICY OF NARASIMHA RAO LOOK AT EAST AS INSTRUMENT OF SHAPING INDIA’S FUTURE

India went difficult way in building the statehood after gained of independence in 1947. Many decisions of the Nehru-Gandhi clan had a positive effect on their time. However, it became clear that India needed a new course by the end of the 1980s. The initiator of reforms both inside the country and in foreign policy became the nine Prime minister of the country, the head of the Indian National Congress Narasimho Rao. The head of the Cabinet of Ministers announced the course "Look to the East" in the foreign policy as addition to economic reforms within India. The author puts forward a hypothesis that the mentioned course was not only an attempt by New Delhi to solve current issues but also by following Rao to a certain image of the future according which the country should develop.

Key words: "Look to the East", Indian policy, Narasimha Rao, Reforms of India, The future of India.

REVIEWS

Review of the article by V. V. Pyzh and A. E. Frolov "Political security of the state and political stability of society as an object of political analysis"

Reviewers:

N.P. Medvedev Doctor of Political Science, full professor, professor at The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.E. Slisovskiy PhD in History, Professor of Department of Humanities and social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

Review of the article by Medvedev N.P., Ivana Mohammed "Development of Palestine as a sovereign Arab state"

Reviewers:

V.F. Praykhin D.Sc. (political science), Professor, Department of Area Studies and Foreign Policy, RSHU, Moscow, Russia