№ 3 (43), 2019

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 3 (43), 2019.

CONTENTS

THEORY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

Our authors № 3-2019

THEORY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

E.V. KRYUKOVA candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor State University of management, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN MODERN RUSSIA

This paper analyzes the factors that hinder the wide participation of citizens in the political life of the country. In the context of the article, the principles of political "inclusion" and "exclusion" are the main tools of analysis. The definition of "inclusion" and "exclusion" is given. The mechanisms of political exclusion are considered: the coexistence of formal and informal election institutions, the “applied” ideology, social and economic restrictions. Various forms of citizen activity have been studied: civic participation and civic action. The levels (organizational level and level of norms) of the behavior strategy of institutional “outsiders” and “insiders” are considered.

Key words: political participation, “exclusion” and “inclusion”, inclusion and exclusion, political institution, clickocracy, political actor, formal and informal election institutions, “applied” ideology.

I.D. UBILAVA Department of policy analysis and management Russian University of friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSITION FROM A SOVEREIGN MODEL OF DEMOCRACY TO THE INSTITUTIONAL ONE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA)

In the presented article, taking into account sociological and cultural factors, the methodology of the transition of the Russian political system from a sovereign, personified democracy to an institutional, procedural democracy is analyzed. Also, in the work, using the phase of habituation that is mandatory for the dynamic democratization model of D. Rostow, the procedural issues of transit to institutional democracy after the expiration of V. Putin’s presidential term are considered.

Key words: political system, procedural democracy, dynamic model, habituation phase, transit, V. Putin.

V.S. GORIN Graduate student Russian university of transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF IDEOLOGY THROUGH A PRISM OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF CLASSES

The article it is analyzed processes of emergence and disappearance of ideology through a prism of interests of classes, their economic interests. Is defined that is a basis for formation of ideology, its change. The position of the author of rather different directions of axiological approach to an ideology research reveals. In the submitted article the author proves the understanding of the validity and falsehood of ideology. On historical examples it is shown complexity of social development and transition from one socioeconomic structure to another and corresponding changes in basis and a superstructure of the corresponding formation. The interrelation between relations of production, way of production and the ideological relations which result from the economic interests of a class is proved in article. In article process considerations formation of ideology from positions of historical materialism and application of axiological approach to an ideology research is important. The author proved a position concerning the chosen approach to a research of ideology and practically conclusions concerning formation of ideology are drawn during social development and transition from one socioeconomic structure to another. In article the author the dialectic contradiction of formation of a socioeconomic structure expressed in emergence of a new formation and disappearance of an old formation during social development reveals. The discrepancy of productive forces to relations of production speaks historical experience of formation of capitalism in Russia that is the driving mechanism of change of basis of a socioeconomic structure, and together with it and the corresponding ideological relations. The explanation of objectivity of process of emergence of ideology on the basis of relations of production, the economic interests and a way of production in general is important.

Key words: formation of ideology, socioeconomic structure, economic interests, classes.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES

A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SYSTEM-SYNERGETIC (INTEGRAL) WAR (PART I)

The article on the basis of a system-synergistic approach treats the modern peace and military process. The source of the global integral war is the US target to preserve and strengthen their world domination, which today has taken the form of a global economic and political monopoly with an emphasis on power and network methods of struggle. The integrated war of the USA and the West against Russia, based on a system of operations of basic effects in the military, socio-economic and information spheres, is analyzed. Not any direction of domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Federation will be successful in the long term, if the socio-economic system of Russia is not fundamentally changed. An accented blow at Russia in 2019-2020 s is predicted.

Key words: peace-military process, controlled chaos, effect-based operations, network weapons, interests, security, development.

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Institute of public service and administration, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.I. RYABOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor, Academy of labor and social relations in Sevastopol, Sevastopol, Russia

TERRITORY OF RUSSIAN PRINCIPALITIES (IX-XII CENTURIES.) AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF THE ISSUE

The article, based on historical sources and scientific literature, characterizes the territory of Russian principalities in the IX-XII centuries (old Russian state.) It shows that in the IX-XII centuries the Ukrainian state did not exist and that Moscow Principality gained strength and became spiritual and political center of Russia. As the center of Russia, Moscow then provided all possible assistance to those who formed the Ukrainian state. The Ukrainian political elite acts counter-historically when denying the Russian origin of their territorial roots.

Key words: state, Russian identity, statehood, law, history, politics.

L.N. GONCHAROVA Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics, Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Belgorod, Russia

«CENTER-PERIPHERY» COUNTRIES GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC INTERACTION ANALYSIS

The relations of the states – regional centers of power with the countries and peoples of the periphery can occur in the format of the so-called "associated-dependent development", when the centers of power are the guarantors of their independence and development sponsors. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that dependence is not always the result of the policies of the states of power centers. Strictly speaking, there is interdependence, largely based on the economic and geopolitical interests of the two sides – the center and the periphery. In other words, they are interconnected and their relationship can be defined through the paired category «center-periphery».

Key words: Geopolitics, geo-economics, "Center", "periphery", regional space, synergetics, regional policy.

O.N. GRISHAEVA Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of History and historical and cultural heritage, Yelets State University I.A. Bunin, Elets, Russia

O.А. NESTERCHUK Doctor in Political Science, Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

V.P. BELYAEVA Deputy director for teaching and educational work, the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow «School №97», Moscow, Russia

SCENARIOS OF STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENCY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

In the article, the authors reviewed some scenarios for the development of the institution of the presidency in modern Russia. The attention is focused on the fact that in the future the institution of the presidency will be strengthened. The expert community explores the prospects for the development of the political system in modern Russia during the fourth presidential term of V.V. Putin and experts immediately began to wonder about the prospects, whether there will be a change to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russia, V.V. Putin, president, presidency, political system, development scenarios, power.

G.I. AVTSINOVA Doctor of philosophy, Professor, Professor, Department of political science and international relations, Russian state social University, Moscow, Russia

O.E. GRISHIN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

MODERN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS: VECTORS STABILITY

The subject of the study is the changes in political institutions. The strengthening of competition between state and non-state actors in domestic policy is considered. The results of the study are in demand when making political decisions for the transformation of effective social policy into the main mechanism of legitimization of power, the formation of moral requirements for modern politics, the creation and implementation of programs and effective images of political actors. The formation and development of new growth points in Russia is impossible without strengthening the mechanisms for building innovative economic, spiritual and moral potential, ensuring civil peace and harmony.

Key words: politics, political institutions, political system, stability, instability, crisis, political actors.

A.G. KUZMIN Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Chair of social work, Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokina, Syktyvkar, Russia

MODERNIZATION RISKS IN MODERN RUSSIA: INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SECURITY ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the assessment of threats brought by the new technologies associated with the spread of the Internet in the XXI century in our country. The aim of the work is to consider the reality of such threats connected with the international situation when all the main threads of Internet governance are in the hands of the countries unfriendly to Russia. It’s worth noting that the technical side of the problem, despite its importance, is only one side of the question. The second most important aspect of the study is the analysis of the internal danger for the Russian society caused by the fact that the Internet opportunities have been adapted by the representatives of the right-wing radical Russian nationalism.

The authors make an attempt to review the main reasons that make the use of Internet technologies so attractive for the right-wing radical structures also on the example of the current situation in Ukraine. The article identifies main theoretical and practical difficulties connected with the control over the Internet environment in the fight against radical nationalist manifestations. The paper reviews a number of new legislative initiatives related to the optimization of the Internet in Russia in modern conditions, in connection with the current external and internal political situation. The results of the study may actualize the attention to the problems facing the Russian state and public institutions in connection with the development of new technologies and modernization of mass communication. Perhaps, the findings of the study can be used by the representatives of the Russian authorities to optimize their position in confrontation against xenophobia and radical nationalism most important for the society.

Key words: radicalism, nationalism, "twitter revolution", digital modernization, Internet environment, "hate speech," freedom of speech, xenophobia.

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.A. SOKOLOV Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

USING NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS: RUSSIA AND THE WORLD, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS

The article provides the information about using network technologies in the electoral process (particularly in Russia and some other countries). The object of research is electoral process. The subject of the study is the experience of using network technologies in electoral process. The purpose of the study is to mark the prospects and possible problems by summarizing the international and Russian experience of using network technologies in electoral process.

Key words: network technologies in electoral process, modern elections, Internet elections, Internet voting, Internet and elections, social networks and electoral process, blockchain in electoral process.

A.S. SAFONOVA PhD (Political science), Assistant professor of the department «Advertising and public relations» Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University St. Petersburg, Russia

YOUTH POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM

The article deals with the problems of the youth political potential through the analysis of the “feedback” institutions in the structure of Russia's political system. The author determines that the main institutions of an open political system, which can integrate the political potential of young people are: elections, mass media and civil society, which is represented by a wide range of non-profit organizations. The author assesses the level of development of these institutions, as well as the degree of their openness and attractiveness for young people. It is concluded whether it is possible to consider modern youth as a subject of the socio-political process. Removing the younger generation from participation in democratic institutions, the government is not able to establish constructive two-way communication, which hinders the development of a stable political system capable of controlling the political activity of young people.

Key words: political system, feedback, youth, political participation, media, elections, civil society.

TALAL TAHA SULIMAN AHMED Master in Public Relations and Advertising Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

KHALED ABDALLA ELTERAIFI HUSSEIN Master’s Student of Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ISLAM AND POLITICS IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article describes the role of Islam in modern Russian society. The author reveals the features of the formation of attitudes towards Islam in Russia for several centuries. The postmodern stage is characterized by the development of a simulacrum of terrorism based on terrorist attacks in Europe and the USA. In Russia, there is a rather negative attitude towards the Muslim narrative, although Islam is an integral part of Russian civilization in terms of national security and geopolitics. The author concludes that it is necessary to build a dialogue between the federal center and the "Muslim" regions.

Key words: Russia, identity, Islam, terrorism simulacrum, Sharia courts.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

V.V. PYZH Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Head of the Chair of social-sciences and humanities of the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, expert of the Defense and Security Commission of the Inter-parliamentary assembly of the CIS Member States, St. Petersburg, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL FACTOR IN THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE

The article is devoted to consideration of the geopolitical factor in the system of national security of the Russian Federation.

Key words: geopolitical factor, Russia, geopolitical theory of the antagonism.

A.S. IVOCHKINA Specialist of Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph. D., Associate Professor of Foreign Policy Public Administration Department of Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

WESTERN COUNTRIES INFLUENCE ON RUSSIA-CASPIAN STATES CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT

The Caspian region is a knot of contradictions, the preservation and actualization of which is due to the uncertainty of the international legal status of the Caspian sea, as well as due to interference in the policies of the countries of the US and the European Union. It should be noted that such countries as China, Turkey, Georgia, Japan have geopolitical interests in the Caspian. However, the greatest influence on the geopolitical situation is exerted by the US and the EU, which consider the Caspian region as an economically promising space, a strategically important territory, with which it is possible to have a serious impact on Russia.

Key words: Russian Federation, Caspian region, USA, EU, cross-border cooperation.

K.I. RYZHOVA postgraduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

MECHANISMS OF CREATING POLITICAL REALITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN INDIA IN 2014

The birth of the media marked the need for education and public awareness through the exercise of freedom of expression. This freedom was embodied with the advent of print media in Indian society long before the independence. Print media in India created platforms for the public debate and gave a touch of individuality to the practice of public rhetoric. They created a kind of mosaic of "public opinions", by combining different views emanating from different parts of the country made up of people with very different religious backgrounds, cultural, economic and educational traditions, thereby creating a political reality. However, the paradox inherent in the structure of political reality is that it is built according to a certain mechanism. In the article the author analyzes the mechanisms of creation of media reality on the example of the elections to the Indian Parliament, held in 2014.

Key words: political media reality, construction of media reality, the role of new media.

K.I. MAKSIMKIN Postgraduate, Department of public administration and national security, Faculty of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration, Moscow, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS OF NON-ARCTIC STATES IN ARCTIC'S DEVELOPMENT

Increased interest in the Arctic region due to its economic and geopolitical significance is shown by non-regional powers and international organizations, primarily China, India and the European Union. Their role and potential influence in the region on the development of mechanisms for international cooperation is increasing and becoming more visible. Non-regional players seek to gain access to the resource wealth of the Arctic and to prevent the institutionalization of the historically established monopoly of the Arctic states in key aspects of the development of the region.

Key words: China, Northern Sea Route, India, European Union, Arctic region, international cooperation, national security.

SAYED MOHAMMAD FAIZA postgraduate student at the Chair of comparative politology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

AFGHANISTAN’S POLITICAL PARTIES

The subject of the article is the creation and functioning of political parties of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The article analyzes the conditions for the creation of a political party and considers actions prohibited for the party. The author of article examines in detail the basic requirements for the political parties and carries out classification of political parties. The consecutive conclusions in the final part of the article are quite logic.

Key words: political party, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the resources of the party, party rights, categories of political parties, party representative office.

ADOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTER postgraduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WEST AFRICA

The article is devoted to the problems of political and economic development of West Africa, starting with non-governmental organizations as the dominant external actors in the public policy of the West African countries and ending with the prospects of real development in region. The article also contains the concept of "local development, " implying management over a certain territory, where the concept of governance and territory are essential components of the development.

Key words: state, development, International Monetary Fund, financing, limitation, least developed countries, local development, West Africa, industrial clusters, territory, local actors, non-governmental organization.

KONG DEKUN Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok, Russiа

GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP AND “ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD”

The world situation is changing fundamentally. The diplomatic direction and economic development strategy put forward by Russia under the new situation. The integration with the Belt and Road initiative is one of the key factors in achieving this agenda. The high integrating degree of the Sino-Russian development strategy in the field of global, regional and bilateral relations will lay the foundation for success of the cooperation of relevant countries, regions and organizations.

Key words: Eurasian partnership, the Belt and Road initiative, strategic integration, Sino-Russian relations.

SHIR AKA NAJIBULLAH postgraduate student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Kabul, Afghanistan

RUSSIA'S STRATEGY TOWARDS AFGHANISTAN

Over the past 15 years, Russia and the US have been pursuing similar goals in Afghanistan: they sought to prevent chaos and turn the country into a safe haven for terrorists. Such convergence of objectives allowed the two countries to cooperate. However in fact, there were serious differences between them. In the article the author analyzes the strategy of Russia in relation to Afghanistan.

Key words: the policy of Russia, the unipolar system, international relations, war in Afghanistan, settlement of political conflict.

D.V. SHUMILINA postgraduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NORWAY: GENDER EQUALITY VECTORS

The article discusses the political development of Norway in the context of gender equality. It analyzes state attempts to minimize gender inequality over the past 100 years, during which significant changes took place in the political, economic and social spheres of life in Norwegian society. It is shown that a significant modernization of the country's political system has taken place. The characteristic of the existing features of the political development of Norway is given. The analysis of competition for gender equality and the policy of state feminism in the process of modern political development of the state is made. It considers achievements in the process of competition for the establishment of gender equality and the elimination of existing problems. The degree of development of approaches used in Norway in society to minimize gender discrimination is given.

Key words: politics, political development, political system, Norway, gender equality, feminism.

LEE MYOUNGSON post-graduate Department of Korean studies, Eastern federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

KOREA AND RUSSIA'S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY FOR THE FORMATION OF A TRUSTWORTHY COUNTRY IMAGE

The article study on finding models and strategies of public diplomacy for the formation of the image of "trustworthy country." The role of public diplomacy is to create a friendly image of the nation in the minds of foreigners, the formation of a friendly image of the nation and the formation of a national image of trust in the international community can be viewed as one and the same goal.

First, identifies areas of public diplomacy that are needed in stages, based on a communication model in the field of public diplomacy, in order to gain the trust of the foreign public. Secondly, examine the status of South Korea and Russia in the international community and the reality of the national image through various indicators (NBI, SPI, national reputation). Discuss the need for a strategy of public diplomacy in order to gain “global confidence”, looking at the model of public diplomacy, a necessary area for improving the image of foreign countries of the two countries.

Key words: Public diplomacy, Trust countries, National brand index, Image formation, National reputation.

JIA YUANPEI graduate student at the Chair of political science of the Eastern Institute – School of regional and international studies of the Far East Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

COOPERATION ON NATURAL GAS IN CHINA AND CENTRAL ASIA WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF ONE BELT, ONE WAY

The region of Central Asia possesses rich reserves of natural gas, besides the countries of Central Asia actively develop resources of natural gas and continuously increase production volume and volume of export. In connection with the implementation of export diversification, the region has become a world power and is competing for attention. While China, with its large population and huge consumption of gas resources, is heavily dependent on natural gas imports, and the external degree of dependence increases every year. At present, the share of Central Asia in the market of natural gas imports in China is about 50%. Thus, Central Asian natural gas still occupies an important strategic place in the structure of China's natural gas supply.

Key words: China and Central Asia, natural gas, the Belt and the Road.