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№ 7 (107), 2024

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 7 (107), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Arsenyan A.Z., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Socio-Economic Factors of the Genesis of Law and Politics

Ruzieva G.S. Historical and Political Roots of the Interrelationship Between Culture and National Security

Katorzhevskij P.N. Eurocommunism as a Factor in the Ideological Evolution of the Communist Movement

DOMESTIC HISTORY

Savostov G.V. The "Polish Question" of 1917-1918 in Relations Between Russia and Poland: Stereotypes and Phobias of Historical Memory Prevail (Historiographical Perspective)

Jiang Xiulin. The Spread of Soviet Cinema in China in 1949-1959

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Volkova A.A. The "Ecological Whirl" of the Period of "Perestroika": the Activities of Social Movements in the Struggle for Environmental Protection

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Pankov A.V. The Civilizational Strategy of Russia as a State-a Local Civilization in the Public Discourse of the President of the Russian Federation: a Civilizational-Elitist Approach

Emelyanov S.V. Cultural Policy in an Era of Cultural Difference

Rovinskaya I.V. The Social Dimension of Norway's "Welfare State"

Airapetyan D.A. Institutional Prospects of the Transition to Postcapitalism: Transformation of the State as a Subject of Power in the Era of Digital and Network Technologies

Klimentov S.V. Lipetsk Political Elite: Features of Excorporation

Saldin A.V. Methodological Approaches to Analyzing Regional Parties

Koshidko V.G., Yarmola D.A. Transformation and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Interaction Between Local Governments and the Population Through Internet Portals in the Republic of Crimea

Tarakanova S.M., Egorova A.V. Symbolic Politics as a Means of Visualizing Collective Identity

Musaev M.T. Political Basis for Fighting Ideological Threats in the Internal Affairs Bodies of Uzbekistan

Khugaev Z.T. Values of Youth in the North Caucasus Federal District: Research Overview

Hua H.H. Socialist Ideology with the Practice of Building Political Networks in Vietnam Today

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Lukashina E.V., Tsapina E.A. Artificial Intelligence in the Educational Process in the Context of Globalization

Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Analysis of Russia State Policy on Strengthening Traditional Ideological Values

Zhirnov P.L., Grigoryan D.K. Industrialization of Industry and Import Substitution under Conditions of Sanctions Pressure

Varnakova Yu.N., Noskova G.V., Khramtsov B.A. The 2008 «Soap Bubble» and its Repeatment in the Financial Market and Banking System of Russia in 2024

Kazakov V.E. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Political Analysis of the Impact of International Sanctions on Russia's Light Industry

Zhao Yan. Regulation of China’s Carbon Market: Policies, Issues and Recommendations

Yang Yuyuan. Development of Kakhalin Fuel and Energy Projects under Sanctions

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Vankovska B. US Geopolitical Grip on the Western Balkans: Spheres and Methods of Countering China’s Influence

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part I)

Ivliev I.I. India and Pakistan in Countering Terrorism in South Asia

Abramov I.O. The Lobbying Model in Japan and the Republic of Korea

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. The Role of Kurdology in Russia's Middle East Strategy at the Present Stage

Al-Khaledi Moohialdin Mohammed Ahmed. Developments in Yemen's Political Crisis after 2015: Reality and Causes

Danelyan T.O. The Evolution of the Concept of US Foreign Policy in the 21st Century

Zhbanov A.M. Contemporary Trends in Cybersecurity Policy of Major Powers

Novikov A.A. The Role of the U.S. Ethnic Lobbies in Formulating Politics Towards the Iran Nuclear Program

Polonchuk R.A. China's Military and Political Presence in the Red Sea Region

Khazipov I.I. Approaches to Political Mobilization by Green Parties and Eco-Activists in Europe

Shtark L.P. Technological Factor in US-China Geopolitical Confrontation

Liang Weihang. Analysis of the Biden Administration Strategy Towards China in the Middle East

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

Medvedev N.P. Sovereign States and Political Regimes: Theory and Practice

DEMANDS FOR MANUSCRIPTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.001

A.Z. ARSENYAN Doctor of Law, Professor Director of the Moscow Regional branch of RANEPA, Academician of the Academy of Security, Defense and Law Enforcement of the Russian Federation; Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation; RANEPA Professor, Professor of the University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations of the V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations (ANO VO "UMTS"), Moscow, Russia

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE GENESIS OF LAW AND POLITICS

It is generally believed that political science begins with Aristotle, the founder of political science, and the Greek polis by highlighting the forms of political government, and many provisions of Roman law are borrowed from the reforms of the Athenian legislator Solon. However, this is not true, it was during the Late Neolithic period that the contours of the natural nature of government and civil society were formed. The accumulation of practical experience in land cultivation in the prehistoric era contributed to the development of human economic activity, which created the prerequisites for the agrarian revolution. This stimulated the transition from a collective economy to a production economy. The fundamental basis of the agrarian and urban revolutions were economic factors. In the Neolithic era, four main sectors of the economy developed: agricultural, livestock, industrial and mining, which are crucial for both domestic and interstate trade. This means that the economy has emerged as an industry for satisfying vital human needs related to the provision of food, household goods and objects of social importance, and not as a means of making a profit. Therefore, during the same period, almost all the laws of economic policy were laid down, first of all, the law of dependence of supply and demand, the law of increasing demand, corresponding to the cybernetic laws of nature, the principles of anthropocentrism, etc. People's initiatives, their requests, which required the ordering of social space, determining the functions of human activity, production facilities, ensuring durability and family security, territory, etc. At the same time, prototypes of strata are being formed, new profiles appear.

Key words: egalitarianism, agrarian revolution, urban revolution, local self-government, genesis of law, genesis of politics, social organization, social order, economic sectors, civil society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.002

G.S. RUZIEVA Teacher, major of the department of special-professional sciences of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, major, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ROOTS OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND NATIONAL SECURITY

The relevance of the work is due to the emergence of new threats to national security in the context of globalization. The purpose of the work is to clarify the role of culture in ensuring national security. Dialectical and axiological methods were used in the study. The result is an analysis of the influence of various factors on national security. It is concluded that the cultural factor in modern conditions is becoming decisive in ensuring national security.

Key words: national security, ideology, immunity, society, task, relevance, threat.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.003

P.N. KATORZHEVSKIJ Postgraduate student of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

EUROCOMMUNISM AS A FACTOR IN THE IDEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

The article examines the main historical factors that made possible the emergence of Eurocommunism as a political and ideological phenomenon. This work also analyzes the main theoretical principles of Eurocommunism as a modification of communist ideology and analyzes the problem of the democratic transition to socialism. Based on the research methodology of Imre Laktos' scientific programmes, the author proposes a model of the ideological evolution of the communist movement, which makes it possible to predict the main tendencies of its further development, taking into account the Eurocommunist stage. The author concludes that Eurocommunism contributed to the expansion of the social base of Eurocommunist parties, the implementation of the democratic component in their political agenda, the reorientation towards parliamentary methods of struggle for power and the emphasis on the search for national paths to socialism.

The purpose of the article is to trace the process of formation of the ideology of Eurocommunism and identify its distinctive features.

Key words: democracy, Eurocommunism, ideology, historical compromise, party, polycentrism, Marxism, socialism, Stalinism.

DOMESTIC HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.004

G.V. SAVOSTOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History Patrice Lumumba RUDN, Moscow, Russia

THE "POLISH QUESTION" OF 1917-1918 IN RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND POLAND: STEREOTYPES AND PHOBIAS OF HISTORICAL MEMORY PREVAIL (HISTORIOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE)

The article attempts to present the author's version of the history of relations between Russia and Poland on the so-called Polish issue in a relatively meek but fateful period for the two countries and peoples in collections of archival materials based on an array of open data concentrated in historical and historiographical studies (in Russian, Polish, English). The Polish question, or as it is interpreted by flat historians, the "Polish case" in the period under review has truly become a matter of great world politics, in which all the largest countries and governments of the world have been involved, pursuing their own interests in various ways. Russia and Poland are the key, dominant subjects of the Polish question with a set of specific features that distinguish them from other subjects in their relations and in determining their destinies. The results of the analysis showed, firstly, signs of a stable methodological and conceptual weakness of historiographers of all countries working with this topic. And it is not the willingness of historiographers at the present stage to overcome the shortcomings of the previous methodology and offer a more balanced and balanced concept to explain the specifics of the epoch, the nature and nature of the historical process, the intentions, goals and objectives set by its subjects. Among the array of works on this topic, there are few authors who turned out to be objective, despite claims to be so, not biased by national or ideological ideologies. Or they tried to overcome their national exclusivity. And they avoided overestimating the role of national and ideological-political biases; secondly, the short-term solidarity of the revolutionary and socialist movement in Russia and the national liberation movement in Poland in order to jointly fight against their common enemy – the tsarist government. The phenomenon of solidarity has not lost its significance, but, as history has shown, in subsequent years solidarity has already become the main feature of the policy of anti – socialist and nationalist forces fighting against their common enemy – now the Soviet government and the Soviet government; thirdly, symptoms of striking resourcefulness in anti-Russian politics, in historical memory, in consciousness and behavior the ruling elite in the recreated Poland through the mediation and key role of Russia. The Polish elite failed to overcome these vices. Once again, these same stereotypes and phobias took over.

Key words: the Polish question, the First World War, the Petrograd Soviet, the Provisional Government, relations between Russia and Poland.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.008

JIANG XIULIN Candidate of PhD, Institute of Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; lecturer, Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute, Heilongjiang University Of Technology, Jixi City, China

THE SPREAD OF SOVIET CINEMA IN CHINA IN 1949-1959

After the founding of New China, the Central People's Government (CPG), based on the Communist Party of China (CPC), pursued a "unilateral" foreign policy and joined the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union. New China learned from the Soviet Union not only in political and economic aspects, but also in cultural aspects. In order to consolidate the new regime, unify the country's ideology and strengthen cultural leadership, the CPC studied and introduced the advanced socialist culture of the Soviet Union. Cinema, as a cultural form, played a huge role in enhancing national sentiment and strengthening national identity to consolidate cultural leadership due to its popularization, mass character and ease of implementation and promotion. The period of 1949-1959 was a period of friendly relations between China and the Soviet Union, with frequent cultural exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.

Key words: China, Soviet films, distribution, 1949-1959.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.005

A.A. VOLKOVA Specialist in the Department of History and Theory of Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE "ECOLOGICAL WHIRL" OF THE PERIOD OF "PERESTROIKA": THE ACTIVITIES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE STRUGGLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The article analyzes how social environmental movements developed in the Soviet Union. The author highlights the stages and the features of their activities during the period of "passive", "active" and "institutional" development. There are the factors that influenced their formation. The author presents the difficulties of the environmental movements on the path of nature protection and the reasons for the attenuation of the "ecological vortex" in the early 1990s. The process of politicization of environmental issues is considered. The purpose of the work is to determine the features of the formation of social environmental movements during the period of "Perestroika" and their role in political decision-making. The recognition by the State of the importance of taking into account the opinion of the public in solving and preventing environmental problems since 1986, and its involvement in discussing environmental issues since the end of 1989, was an example of one of the first victories of civil society in the fight against political decisions that could harm the quality of life of the people due to significant environmental degradation.

Key words: social environmental movements, environmental policy, environmental protection.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.006

A.V. PANKOV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE CIVILIZATIONAL STRATEGY OF RUSSIA AS A STATE-A LOCAL CIVILIZATION IN THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: A CIVILIZATIONAL-ELITIST APPROACH

The article presents an analysis of the presidential discourse and the strategy of conservative modernization within the framework of a civilizational-elitist approach. The conclusion is substantiated that the power discourse of Russia's political leader, President Vladimir V. Putin, has consistently been built in the direction of positioning Russia as a sovereign state – a local civilization. Having gone through periods of policy focused on pan-European values, democratic transit and integration with the West in the 90s of the twentieth century, since 2012, the power discourse has been building a civilizational strategy based on an understanding of the unity of Russian history, historical and cultural heritage and traditional values as the basis for Russia's strategic development and its national security, innovative development and political modernization.

Key words: presidential discourse, leader, conservative modernization, civilizational approach, civilizational-elitist approach, state-civilization, traditional values, new world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.007

S.V. EMELYANOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", St. Petersburg, Russia

CULTURAL POLICY IN AN ERA OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

Culture is a challenge to the established, and this circumstance often gives rise to a situation of dangerous uncertainty, requiring an adequate response and not only from representatives of the cultural community. Culture and state power were often antagonists. But not all trends in the development of culture are positive for society, therefore, in determining cultural policy, the dialogue between the authorities and society is always important, as well as the understanding by government representatives of the meaning of cultural phenomena for the formation of cultural policy. Russian society is a complex modern society with multidirectional cultural interests determined by a number of objective circumstances, which, with competent political leadership, are quite capable of performing constructive functions in the interests of the entire country, the integrity and peaceful development of Russian society.

Key words: cultural policy, modern era, dehumanization, postmodernity, discursive practices, narratives, framing, mass consciousness, manipulation, information singularity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.009

I.V. ROVINSKAYA Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF NORWAY'S "WELFARE STATE"

In the article, the author considers the Kingdom of Norway as a welfare state with implemented system of widespread redistribution of resources in order to achieve a high level of well-being for everyone. The political, economic, and social transformations of the 1950s and 2000s provided the Kingdom with socio-economic stability and sustainable economic growth. However, decreased attention and interest to social and economic support measures in the 2000s led to the system faced a number of crises and requires comprehensive reform in the 2020s. The author tries to identify aspects of welfare policy, systematize and characterize them. The author provides a general overview of the modern welfare policy of the Kingdom of Norway, its role and attitudes towards it from the Norwegian society and government. The author identifies areas where Norwegian welfare policy is in crisis. The crisis elements in the welfare policy indicate, at least, the need for increased attention and control from the government, and at most, the need to consider the option of comprehensive reform of the system.

Key words: welfare state, Norway, internal policy, social policy, socio-political discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.010

D.A. AIRAPETYAN Specialist of the laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal administration, postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the URIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL PROSPECTS OF THE TRANSITION TO POSTCAPITALISM: TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE AS A SUBJECT OF POWER IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the state as a key subject of power in the context of the transition to a post-capitalist formation, caused by the rapid development of digital and network technologies. The author examines the influence of digitalization and networkization processes on traditional mechanisms for the exercise of political power, as well as the emergence of prerequisites for overcoming the limitations of late capitalism and the formation of a new system of production and distribution of public goods. The paper provides specific examples of the impact of modern information and communication technologies on the processes of social coordination, public administration and political interaction. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the development of digital network technologies and the transformation of government entities, primarily the institution of the state. The author notes that technological changes generate a "digital network track" of the development of state institutions and predict two innovative models of further institutional evolution: "digital platform state" and "network state". Based on a comparative analysis, the author concludes that each of the models has the potential to overcome the contradictions of late capitalism and a gradual transition to a post-capitalist system, but none of the scenarios of the "digital network track" of state development is utopian and each of them has contradictions and risks of political failure.

Key words: digitalization, networkization, institutions, state, network platforms, AI, post-capitalism, political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.011

S.V. KLIMENTOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Science, ESU named after I.A. Bunin, Yelets, Russia

LIPETSK POLITICAL ELITE: FEATURES OF EXCORPORATION

The mayor, as the chief executive officer of the city, has a decisive role in the development of the municipality. The organization of the work of executive and representative bodies of local self-government, as well as the resolution of important issues related to infrastructure development, housing construction, and the city economy depend on its activities. In this regard, the activities of the mayor of Lipetsk Evgenia Uvarkina in her post are analyzed. Her arrival to the post of mayor was characterized by significant changes and trends that successfully shaped the life of the region.

The article also examines the most important information factors that played a negative role media image of Lipetsk Mayor Evgenia Uvarkina.

In conclusion, the main examples of the trend of horizontal mobility of the Lipetsk political elite are given, which are a characteristic trend for the region over the past few decades.

Key words: political elite, mayor of Lipetsk, features of excorporation, information replication, mobility trends.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.012

A.V. SALDIN Graduate student of the Department of Political Science at Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYZING REGIONAL PARTIES

This article examines existing theories that explain the emergence and electoral success of regional parties. Special attention is given to the distinctions between theories that explain the formation of regional parties and those that describe their electoral success. The author identifies four main theories: development theory, center-periphery theory, competition theory, and rational choice theory. Each theory offers different explanations for the factors influencing the success of regional parties, such as modernization, the political environment, or the ability to mobilize resources. The article emphasizes the importance of external (political, institutional, economic, and cultural) and internal (party organization, leadership, strategy) factors. In conclusion, the author argues that the electoral success of regional parties largely depends on their ability to adapt to changes and effectively utilize available political resources.

Key words: regional parties, electoral success, political theories, resource mobilization approach, political resources.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.013

V.G. KOSHIDKO Doctor of Historical Sciences, Proffesor of the Department of Regional and Municipal administration, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

D.A. YARMOLA Postgraduated student of the Department of Regional and Municipal administration, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE POPULATION THROUGH INTERNET PORTALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

This article is devoted to identifying the effectiveness of interaction between local government and the population through Internet portals in 2020-2024. The paper identifies the specifics, as well as the regulatory and legal framework for the functioning of Internet portals of local governments in the Russian Federation. The article proposes traffic analysis as a method of conducting an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of Internet portals, the data are supported by the analysis of the presence of basic characteristics. The results of the effectiveness assessment allowed to identify the transformation of interaction between local government and the population in the Republic of Crimea through the technology of Internet portals, as well as to highlight the real advantages and disadvantages. The conclusions of the article are aimed at the need for a systematic approach to the interaction between local self-government bodies and the population through modern information and communication technologies, as well as to eliminate the duplication of information systems while preserving the independence of local self- government bodies.

Key words: interaction of authorities and population, Internet portal, digital society, network communication, information technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.014

S.M. TARAKANOVA Graduate student Faculty of State Administration, Department of Political Analysis Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.V. EGOROVA Graduate student Faculty of State Administration, Department of Political Analysis Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

SYMBOLIC POLITICS AS A MEANS OF VISUALIZING COLLECTIVE IDENTITY

Symbolic acts are an important tool in the organization of political strategy. However, in studies of ways to influence the masses in the process of making unpopular political decisions, the focus was made only on discursive strategies.

This article aims to explore the role of symbolic politics in making unpopular political decisions, from a social unification perspective. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of symbolic politics and the principles of its application. To illustrate this, the author analyzes the government's strategy on influencing public opinion on the example of supporting the pension reform in the Russian Federation in 2018.

The author reveals that the strategy of symbolic politics in combination with the discursive strategy of "explanation" provides a more holistic management of public opinion. The leading role in this case is played by symbols corresponding to the ideas of collective identity. Collective identity also influences the formation of political discourse, giving a certain meaning to the contextual content of symbols.

In modern Russia, there is a trend towards the use of symbols that appeal to the heroic past and the national unity of ethnic groups, also new symbols are cultivated related to Russia's global role in preserving traditional values, public participation and the fairness of decisions.

A notable example of symbolic policy was the government's support for the pension reform in 2018: various media broadcast symbols that appealed to traditional values, demonstrated the polyphony and democratic nature of the government's work. Such a strategy has created perceptions of broad support and greater legitimacy for reform. However, its impact on the older generation of citizens turned out to be higher than on the youth who expressed dissatisfaction with the political decision. Thus, it is necessary to develop existing discursive strategies.

The main conclusion of the article is the importance of establishing new symbols, based on the symbol-forming role of collective identity, that can be understood by the general public in Russia.

Key words: symbolic politics, symbolic act in politics, unpopular political decision, national identity, collective identity, discursive strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.015

M.T. MUSAEV Independent researcher Institute of Social and Spiritual Research Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

POLITICAL BASIS FOR FIGHTING IDEOLOGICAL THREATS IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF UZBEKISTAN

This article is devoted to the political foundations of the fight against modern ideological threats in the era of globalization. Mechanisms for the formation of ideological immunity among employees of the internal affairs system of Uzbekistan. The author outlines the issues of forming ideological immunity as a basis for ensuring security and stability in society, and their relationship.

Key words: geopolitics, national idea, ideological threat, ideological vacuum, ideological immunity, security, terrorism, globalization, fanaticism, religious extremism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.016

Z.T. KHUGAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

VALUES OF YOUTH IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT: RESEARCH OVERVIEW

In the context of a complex variety of political, psychological, political and cultural qualities and properties of the inhabitants of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District, the problem of scientific study of their value foundation becomes relevant. In this context, the researchers pay special attention to youth as an original political generation with its own system of values and political ideas, orientations, images, attitudes and ways of self-identification. This article reflects the results of the analysis of theoretical models, methodological guidelines, methodological tools developed in Russian political science and empirical data collected with their help on this issue. The central place in the research of the values of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus is occupied by the political-psychological approach developed at the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University and formed the basis for a number of dissertation studies performed at the department. According to the results obtained, the images of power, political identity and other political and psychological properties and qualities of the inhabitants of the North Caucasian republics are largely determined by the value matrix. Researchers at South Russian universities have noted a value transformation, the result of which is a complex synthesis of traditionalist and modern values in the structure of political consciousness of North Caucasian youth.

Key words: North Caucasus Federal District, values, political consciousness, political psychology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.017

H.H. HUA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY WITH THE PRACTICE OF BUILDING POLITICAL NETWORKS IN VIETNAM TODAY

The article evaluates the impacts of socialist ideology on the construction and operation of political networks in Vietnam. This is also one of the most important factors, influencing the entire Vietnamese politics. Historical and institutional approaches are used to explain the relevance and specificity of political networks in a socialist country like Vietnam. Political networks are an inevitable development trend in an increasingly open society and increasingly emphasized democracy. Each country will have specific characteristics in the organization and operation of political networks. In a socialist country like Vietnam, the ideological factor also has unique values, it regulates the way a political network is formed and operates, regulates the composition of network nodes and the relationships between network nodes in the network, how they share resources and benefits... Accordingly, it is easy to see that the central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam with the foundation of socialist ideology is objectively seen as a unique element of current Vietnamese politics.

Key words: socialist ideology, socialist system, political networks, democratic values, Vietnam.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.018

E.V. LUKASHINA Lecturer of the Chair of Global Social Processes and Work with Youth, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

E.A. TSAPINA Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Associate Professor of the Chair of Romano-Germanic Languages, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

The article analyzes the problem of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the educational process in the context of globalization. The authors consider the possibilities of using online tools in the context of implementing a personality-oriented approach. It is noted that the use of neural networks and other AI technologies can contribute to improving the effectiveness of the educational process by personalizing interactions between the teacher and the student. Both positive aspects and bottlenecks are highlighted when using various online platforms, computer programs, online tutoring technologies and other AI tools in the educational process. At the same time, the authors note the contradictory attitude of society towards the active introduction of artificial intelligence into various spheres of social life, including education. As an empirical base, the data of a sociological study on the identification of the attitude of citizens of the Russian Federation to the development and use of neural networks, conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation in October 2023, are presented.

Key words: artificial intelligence, globalization, education, educational environment, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.019

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

ANALYSIS OF RUSSIA STATE POLICY ON STRENGTHENING TRADITIONAL IDEOLOGICAL VALUES

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of the strategies and initiatives implemented by the state in the framework of supporting and strengthening traditional ideological values in the Russian Federation. In the context of globalization and the active penetration of liberal ideas into the social structure, the importance of preserving national traditions and moral principles increases significantly. The study is relevant because it demonstrates how Russia faces the challenges of our time, striving to preserve its cultural ideological uniqueness. The main practical significance of the article is that it provides a detailed analysis of national strategies, such as the National Security Strategy and the Counter-Extremism Strategy. The results of the study can be used to adjust current and develop new government policies in this area.

Key words: traditional values, ideological policy, state strategy, national security, globalization, liberalism, Russian Federation, cultural uniqueness, social sustainability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.020

P.L. ZHIRNOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Management, Psychology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

INDUSTRIALIZATION OF INDUSTRY AND IMPORT SUBSTITUTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS PRESSURE

This article examines the development of import substitution policy in the Russian Federation, identifies the reasons for its appearance and justifies the need to reduce dependence on imported products. The analysis of the domestic market of subsequently imposed sanctions is carried out, the main problem areas and areas in which it is extremely difficult to implement an import substitution policy due to their complexity and insufficient financing are highlighted.

Key words: import substitution, domestic production, entrepreneurship, sanctions, economy, entrepreneurship support, national economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.021

YU.N. VARNAKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Management, Economics and Finance ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

G.V. NOSKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

B.A. KHRAMTSOV Master's student, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

THE 2008 «SOAP BUBBLE» AND ITS REPEATMENT IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET AND BANKING SYSTEM OF RUSSIA IN 2024

Introduction. The article provides a comparative analysis of the emergence of the 2008 «soap bubble» in the United States with the current situation in the real estate market in Russia through the prism of the formation of financial risks based on the use of preferential mortgage instruments. In the context of geopolitical instability, the stability of the financial system is the most important element of the comprehensive mechanism of national security. Preferential mortgages have a multifaceted vector of their influence on the socio-economic space and the financial sphere of the state. On the one hand, this instrument ensures the availability of housing for focus social groups of the population, and also stimulates the intensity of business processes in the construction market, the dynamics of which in turn has a key impact on the economic growth indicators in the country as a whole. On the other hand, the large-scale use of preferential mortgages creates significant risks for the financial system of the state, which can provoke crisis phenomena due to the generation of «soap bubbles». The paper presents the characteristics of preferential lending programs, changes in their terms by the Central Bank of Russia and the impact on the pricing of the real estate market. Preferential mortgages, despite their positive aspects in the form of increased housing availability for the population, can have negative consequences for the banking sector in Russia and will require balancing the benefits for borrowers with the interests of credit institutions.

Research goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to study potential risks in the financial system of Russia based on the analysis of the features of preferential mortgage lending. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved in the work:

– present the results of modeling the formation of a mortgage bubble in the American financial system;

– consider the features and evolution of preferential mortgage lending programs in Russia;

– conduct a dynamic analysis of key indicators of the housing construction market in the presence of preferential mortgages.

Research results. Based on the results of the work carried out, the authors presented the results of an analytical substantiation of the impact of preferential mortgage lending programs on the variability of risk probability in the Russian financial system.

Key words: inflation, key rate, preferential mortgage, subsidies, crisis, bubble, housing construction market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.022

V.E. KAZAKOV Director of Logistics at JSC "New Fashion", Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA'S LIGHT INDUSTRY

At the beginning of 2024, there is an escalation in the geopolitical situation characterized by the imposition of significant political and economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. These sanctions have a substantial impact on Russia's light industry, requiring the rapid substitution of foreign supplies with local production. The aim of this article is to define and classify theoretical and methodological approaches for performing a political analysis of the impact of Western sanctions on Russia's light industry. The article defines approaches and models of political economy, institutional theories, systems analysis, and path dependence theory. The presented critical assessments reveal the limitations of these theories, such as underestimating the role of agency and insufficient attention to external shocks. Integrating these theories with other analytical approaches and strengthening interdisciplinary methods will help to develop more accurate strategies for adapting political processes to changing economic conditions, thereby contributing to the formation of resilient political decisions under international sanctions.

Key words: political analysis, adaptation of political processes, international sanctions, light industry, political economy, institutional theories, systems analysis, path dependence theory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.023

ZHAO YAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

REGULATION OF CHINA’S CARBON MARKET: POLICIES, ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Carbon market construction is the core of carbon emissions trading. China launched a carbon trading pilot project in 2012. After more than ten years of development, China's carbon trading pilot has achieved remarkable results, effectively controlling the total emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and effectively promoting the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and energy structure. The development of China's carbon market has mainly gone through three stages, and its operation depends on a relatively complete regulatory system. Since China's carbon market began to be piloted, the government has gradually strengthened the supervision of carbon emissions trading. Generally speaking, China has now formed a policy system based on the "Interim Measures for the Administration of National Carbon Emissions Trading" and covering all aspects of greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading and compliance.

This article analyzes the existing problems and deficiencies on the basis of sorting out the existing regulatory policies.

China's current carbon market regulatory policies mainly have problems such as the fact that some carbon market regulatory laws and regulations were formulated earlier, the carbon market regulatory policies are not systematic enough to meet the actual needs of carbon market operation, and the existing regulatory policies lack necessary supporting mechanisms. In the future, China should further improve China's carbon market regulatory policy system by continuously updating carbon market trading policies, improving carbon market supporting mechanisms, and strengthening regulatory regulations. At the same time, we should also enhance the motivation of all stakeholders to participate in the carbon market, continue to strengthen international cooperation, and further promote the development of China's carbon market to a higher level and deeper depth.

Key words: China, carbon trading, carbon market, regulations, evolution, environmental policy, supervision, carbon peak, carbon neutrality, carbon emissions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.024

YANG YUYUAN Postgraduate student at the center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

DEVELOPMENT OF KAKHALIN FUEL AND ENERGY PROJECTS UNDER SANCTIONS

After the 2014 Ukrainian crisis, the US and EU imposed sanctions against Russia, so that the development of the Sakhalin-3 project's Yuzhno-Kirinskoye gas field almost came to a halt due to the lack of subsea production equipment. In 2022 after the conflict escalated the Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects were also put on the sanctions list. The two main project operators, ExxonMobil and Shell, withdrew from the oil and gas development project. In addition, sanctions measures such as the oil price cap and the maritime embargo measure will make the long-term development of the Sakhalin oil and gas development project difficult to export, finance and operate. The imposed sanctions will put increasing pressure on the sector, and if it fails to develop its own technology and expertise, the drop in oil production could become very sensitive.

Key words: Sakhalin projects, Far East, Western sanctions.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.025

B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and international relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

US GEOPOLITICAL GRIP ON THE WESTERN BALKANS: SPHERES AND METHODS OF COUNTERING CHINA’S INFLUENCE

The article examines the geopolitical influence of the United States and other Western powers on the countries of the Western Balkans (WB), as well as their strategies for countering China’s growing presence in the region. The central premise is that the Western Balkans have shifted from being a “near neighborhood” to a battleground of geopolitics and geo-economics. Until recently, the WB was taken for granted and treated as a loyal colony. However, significant changes have occurred both globally and internally. The decline of Western powers, driven by internal crises and overextended military hegemony, is increasingly evident. This decline is starkly contrasted by the remarkable economic, political, cultural, social, and technological growth of China and other non-Western countries, which have formed various mutual cooperation alliances. News of these developments has reached the EU's periphery, prompting parts of Balkan societies, weary of interminable waits in the EU's waiting halls, to seek alternatives. The process of gaining free access to objective information about non-Western advancements, particularly those in China, is ongoing but slow. In response, the Western hegemon resorts to propaganda and gaslighting, attempting to vilify Beijing, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the BRICS nations. The tentative conclusion is that populations in the Western Balkans are growing impatient and less willing to wait for the West's promised "heaven on earth." While the elites remain compliant and subservient, segments of society are exploring new paths to shape their own destiny in alignment with the Global Majority.

Key words: West, US, China, Western Balkans, geopolitical influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.026

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART I

In the article, the authors analyzed the logical consequences of the end of the era of Russia's cooperation with the West after the end of the first "cold war" at the beginning of the 21st century and the recognition of the fact that there will be no return to the situation before February 24, 2022, i.e. before the start of Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine – in its relations with the United States, NATO and Japan. The thirty-year era of generally constructive, although not without problems, cooperation between Russia and the West has finally ended. Japan, which capitulated after the end of World War II, today, at the beginning of the 21st century, has found itself completely subordinated to American strategic interests in building a new world order in the Far East, and therefore its ruling circles are now taking the most active part in actions to contain Russia's influence in the world, in general, and in the Far East, in particular, preventing its rapprochement with China and helping to strengthen blocs of countries unfriendly to Russia in the Far Eastern region in the interests of the United States and its allies in this part of the globe.

Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.027

I.I. IVLIEV Postgraduate student of the department of geopolitics, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INDIA AND PAKISTAN IN COUNTERING TERRORISM IN SOUTH ASIA

The South Asian region remains the least integrated region in the world, and one of its key distinctive features is terrorism threat. Considering this feature, author analyzes the current situation in the region, taking into account Afghanistan’s special position. The analysis includes emphasis that current disagreements between India and Pakistan are having a negative impact on the development of regional security.

The article also covers the statistical data on the threat of terrorism in South Asian countries, combined with an analysis of inter-state relations including disagreements. This led the author to the conclusion that, despite existing challenges and current trends in these countries, there is no unified approach among South Asian countries towards ensuring regional security, nor is there an effective platform for collaboration in this area. India is promoting international organizations such as BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) and BBIN (The Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal (BBIN) Initiative) as an alternative platforms to SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), excluding Pakistan from participation at the same time; which indirectly impacts regional cooperation.

Given the current tensions between countries and the need for a regional security framework, author provides practical recommendations for addressing weaknesses in the current system. The implication of the recommendations could lead to a stronger response to emerging regional security challenges. Furthermore, there is a call for increased Russian engagement in South Asia region as it strongly aligns with Russia's foreign policy objectives and provides an opportunity to strengthen relations with India and Pakistan.

The research can be of interest to international security, Indian studies and international relations experts.

Key words: India, Pakistan, South Asia, terrorism, regional security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.028

I.O. ABRAMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE LOBBYING MODEL IN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Lobbying today is one of the most important ways of communication between interest groups and authorities in every country. However, outside the United States and the countries of the European Union, this institution has been studied rather poorly. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to reveal in detail the features of the lobbying model in Japan and the Republic of Korea, as one of the most developed Asian countries. The study solves several problems, in particular, the study of the legislation of these countries regulating lobbying and foreign influence. In addition, an important part of the study is to reveal the features of interaction between interest groups and authorities, as well as the main channels of access to decision makers in Japan and the Republic of Korea. The main research methods are cross-national comparative analysis, as well as analysis of documents, the list of which includes regulations of the countries under study, as well as media data illustrating the lobbying process. As a result of the study, it was determined that there is no legislation directly regulating lobbying activities in the countries under consideration, however, there are a number of regulations that indirectly affect this area. A similar conclusion was reached for legislation governing foreign influence. In general, the model of lobbying in the country is close to corporatism, since business associations that actively interact with government authorities have great influence in the country. The main channel of access, due to the peculiarities of the political system and culture of countries, is the bureaucracy and executive power. Legislatures, political parties and public opinion can also be used as access points, but because they are less developed, lobbying through them is less effective.

Key words: lobbying, Japan, Korea, legislation, economics, politics, power, model, efficiency, peculiarity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.029

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF KURDOLOGY IN RUSSIA'S MIDDLE EAST STRATEGY AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) - a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the third part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.030

AL-KHALEDI MOOHIALDIN MOHAMMED AHMED Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

DEVELOPMENTS IN YEMEN'S POLITICAL CRISIS AFTER 2015: REALITY AND CAUSES

This article analyses and discusses the developments of the political crisis in Yemen after 2015, which resurfaced coinciding with the outbreak of the so-called Arab Spring revolutions, by examining its internal and external determinants and its political, economic and social dimensions. Yemen, like other Arab countries, has been in a state of crisis in its internal and external relations since the establishment of the modern Yemeni state in 1918 until now, and this is reflected in the current Yemeni scene and previous historical events that cast a shadow on the unity of the state politically, geographically, and socially. Among the reasons for these sudden protests and revolutions were the spread of corruption, economic stagnation, and poor living conditions, as well as political restrictions and generally poor conditions in Arab countries. These protests have spread in a number of Arab countries, including Yemen, a country of complex nature with problems such as the Houthis’ problem with the ruling regime, and the presence of Al-Qaeda elements in the country.

The country entered into a political crisis with multiple parties at home and divergent alliances abroad. Therefore, the study seeks to prove that the crisis in Yemen was complicated by external intervention instead of solving it, imposing internal and external repercussions on the country and the region.

Key words: Yemen, Crisis, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Houthis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.031

T.O. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF US FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article is devoted to the main directions of US foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century and the key regions with which the US forms its relations and which, together with the US, form the world political system, thereby changing the entire system of relations in the international arena. US interests, which are an important factor in the evolution of US foreign policy.

The author analyzes the change in US foreign policy in the 21st century under the influence of the change of heads of the White House, and the strategies that different presidents use to solve emerging problems. Separately, the author of the article pays attention to various foreign policy concepts that were developed at different times, and at the moment, set the strategy for US foreign policy.

Concepts such as “Heartland”, “moving borders”, “rimland” and “anaconda” are considered, and how they are applied in modern US foreign policy in the 21st century and what problems were solved in this region by the concepts taken and what they led to. How these concepts were integrated into the foreign policy of US presidents, how foreign policy evolved under the influence of regional sentiments.

The impact of US foreign policy on regional developments and their implications for US interests, and how they further influence the evolution of US foreign policy. The research methods in this work are a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis.

Key words: evolution of foreign policy, US policy and concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.032

A.M. ZHBANOV Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY POLICY OF MAJOR POWERS

The article examines current trends in cybersecurity policy of key actors in the modern system of international relations. Trends in strengthening the military, intelligence and strategic potential of states in cyberspace are analyzed. Current problems and possible causes of the militarization of cyberspace are considered.

Key words: cyberspace, cybersecurity, international information security, information confrontation, information warfare, international law, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.033

A.A. NOVIKOV Russian State University for the Humanities master’s degree program graduate, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE U.S. ETHNIC LOBBIES IN FORMULATING POLITICS TOWARDS THE IRAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM

The article investigates the position of pro-Israel and Iranian lobbies in the U.S. on Iranian nuclear program issue. The author emphasizes a notable influence of these networks on the process of formulating U.S. foreign policy. The comparative analysis indicates that the position of lobby groups depends on their stance towards the current Iranian regime and foreign policy of Israel but not on its ethnic characteristics.

Key words: lobbyism in the U.S., U.S.-Iranian relations, Iranian Nuclear Deal, pro-Israel lobby in the U.S., Iranian lobby in the U.S.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.034

R.A. POLONCHUK Senior Researcher, Center for the Study of the History of China and its Relations with Russia, PhD in Political Science, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICSA RAS), Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S MILITARY AND POLITICAL PRESENCE IN THE RED SEA REGION

The article analyzes the main foreign policy guidelines that determine the military-political presence of China in the Red Sea region. It shows the approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the countries of the region. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of military-technical cooperation between China and these countries.

Key words: military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.035

I.I. KHAZIPOV Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

APPROACHES TO POLITICAL MOBILIZATION BY GREEN PARTIES AND ECO-ACTIVISTS IN EUROPE

This article is dedicated to the methods of implementing programs to attract the electorate by green parties in Europe. In the work, the author analyzes various methods used by green parties to persuade voters of their political views and values.

The main goal of this study is to examine the approaches used by green parties in Europe when interacting with the electorate and to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods in achieving the political goals of the parties. The research is based on approaches from political science, psychology, and sociology and can be useful for those interested in political mobilization and effective communication in political campaigns.

Key words: ecology, ecopolitology, green parties, political institutions, green future, sustainable development, elections.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.036

L.P. SHTARK Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics, Faculty of Geopolitical Policy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR IN US-CHINA GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION

The main goal of the article is to study the influence of the technological factor on the dynamics of US-China relations. In the modern world, technological development of the country plays a significant role in ensuring of its national security.

The trade war between the USA and PRC turned to technological competition after Trump administration blamed Chinese companies of stealing intellectual property and then imposed sanctions against Huawei and ZTE. Biden administration continued pressure on China’s technological sector.

Both countries try to strengthen their technological sovereignty by stimulating domestic production of microchips. However, none of the countries can create full semiconductor production chain, so it is necessary to develop relations with the leaders in the field of semiconductor production.

While China strives to ensure the diversification of microchip supplies while it builds its semiconductor industry, the United States primarily aims at exerting pressure on mainland China.

This article examines the impact of the trade war on the technological confrontation between the United States and China, the technological policy of both countries, as well as the impact of the technological factor on the situation in the Asia-Pacific region.

Key words: PRC, USA, semiconductors, Chip 4, Asia-Pacific region, CHIPS and Science Act, TSMC.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.037

LIANG WEIHANG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This work is devoted to the analysis of the Biden administration’s competitive strategy against China in the Middle East, so the object of study is the US strategy in the Middle East. The purpose of our research is to determine the features of the current US administration's competitive strategy towards China and the ways of its implementation. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks were developed: the history of the evolution of US policy towards China in the Middle East. Contextual factors that led to this evolution; the current stage of the Biden administration's competitive strategy towards China in the Middle East and specific ways of its implementation.

Key words: USA, foreign policy, Middle East, China, international relations, regional and global studies.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

SOVEREIGN STATES AND POLITICAL REGIMES: THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article, which is based on the materials of my scientific reflections and conversations in social networks on current problems of modern political science, attempts to clarify the correspondence of theoretical knowledge about the types of political regimes and political practice of recent years, in the context of the development of new models of interaction between civil society institutions and the state, modern international relations, the formation of multipolarity and ensuring the sovereignty of states.

Key words: political regimes, sovereign states, democratic regimes, authoritarian regimes, totalitarian regimes, rule of law, civil society, human rights and freedoms, multipolarity of the world order.

   
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