Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 8, Issue 7 (35), 2018.
CONTENTS
THEORY OF POLITICS
POLITICAL HISTORY
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
THEORY OF POLITICS
G.Т. SARDARYAN Candidate of sciences (political sciences), Dean of the Faculty of management and politics of the MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
NEO-REPUBLICANISM AND CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION
The subject of the study is the evolution of the ideological and theoretical concepts of republicanism, with its inherent principles, institutions and mechanisms, in particular, in the works of the so-called "neo-Republicans" K. Skinner and F. Petit. The object of the study are the works of supporters of the neo – Republican concept, as well as ancient philosophers, medieval Italian authors and thinkers of the enlightenment. The study focuses on the Western political culture, which is formed under the influence of various factors, first of all the Christian civilizational heritage, which ultimately affects the functioning of social institutions, which lead to the formation of a special type of political institutions. The work widely uses such methods as dialectical, logical, comparative, systematic, and a number of others. The main conclusion of the work is the imperative of symbiosis of historically established traditions of the Republican doctrine with the Christian civilizational and cultural heritage, and social and political doctrines to ensure sustainable, progressive and successive development of institutions of the republican democracy, that have arisen in the conditions of Christian society and can be destroyed in case of its absence.
Key words: republicanism, K. Skinner, Christianity, Roman Republic, political culture, political institutions, civilizations, religion, separation of powers, F. Petit.
A.A. KOSORUKOV Candidate of Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Public Administration, Department of Political Analysis, Moscow, Russia
CIVIL SOCIETY AS A SUBJECT OF THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF LIBERALISM AND COMMUNITARIANISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLITICAL MULTICULTURALISM)
The theoretical bases of liberalism and communitarianism and their ideological guidelines regarding the essence and role of civil society in the democratic development of the country are considered in the article. In the framework of the liberal approach to civil society, the author differentiated the pluralistic and plebiscitary concepts of democracy describing the conditions for the development of civil society, and within the framework of the communitarian approach the authorconsiders the concepts of A. Etzioni, R. Patnam and F. Fukuyama, which reveal the role of social consensus and social capital in the formation of collective values and civil communities. In addition, an analysis of the concept of multiculturalism as a result of liberal-communist discourse and the synthesis of liberalism and communitarianism was carried out. On the example of the modern migration crisis, the general inefficiency of the policy of multiculturalism is demonstrated. The research methodology includes comparative-historical and analytical methods that allow tracing the features of the study of civil society on the background of the theoretical discourse of liberalism and communitarianism. The novelty of the research is that on the basis of the synthesis of theoretical approaches to the study of civil society, the author reveals the features and problems of modern multiculturalism.
Key words: civil society, liberalism, communitarianism, multiculturalism, mediaocracy, e-democracy.
POLITICAL HISTORY
M.I. BROVCHENKO PhD in histories, associate professor, Associate Professor at Political Science, Federal State Educational institution of higher education «Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA K.A. Timiryazev», Moscow, Russia
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY IN YAKUTIA AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF RESOLUTION CC ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF BOLSHEVIKS ‘ABOUT STATEMENT IN YAKUTIAN ORGANISATION’ (the 9th of August, 1928)
The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of New Economic Policy (so-called ‘NEP’) in Soviet Russia. The topic involves in the perspective of political and class party line, the relationships of peasantry and Soviet state system touching the subjects of landed property and forms of production. The topic of the research is an attempt of realization ‘NEP’ in Yakutia under the executive state party-control. The objects of the research are government activities in regional political space.
Main methods of the article are historical-comparative, typological, rarer structural-functional. The regarding of questions directed to the levels of ‘NEP’ was fulfilling in problematical-chronological aspect, it allowed to show an integral system of the appearance and events of political process, it also allowed to identify the top content of party line in attitude toward agrarian topic and peasantry itself. There is also a valuation for the consequences of collapsing ‘NEP’ considering the background of the 1920s and the regional aspect.
The analyzing of Russian and foreign sources allows to summarize facts of the topic and to conclude, the concernment of the research is social political aspect. History, politics and modern days are closely linked to each other, so it should make a right choice in reforming the present and predicting the future using the experience of past political activities. Materials, documents and conclusions of the research should be used in the developments of other top new ways and methods.
Key words: method, region, reform, party, the party line, class, peasantry, agrarian question, New Economic Policy, organisation of the use of land, land redistribution.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
V.A. PEREKHODCHENKO Candidate of sciences (history), Assistant professor at the Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA named after K. A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
THE PROCESS OF FORMING NEW TRENDS IN THE STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY
The article reveals the role of higher education in the training of highly qualified specialists, examines the attitude of students to the educational process and other factors affecting the development of their value attitude to the chosen profession.
Key words: a sociological study, the students’ dominant values, educational activity, educational process, cultural preferences of students, moral and psychological climate.
А.А. INDZHIEV post-graduate student at the Chair of international relations, political science and world economy, the Institute of international relations, Pyatigorsk State University, member of Duma of St. George city district of Stavropol region, Chairman of the standing Committee for economic development, entrepreneurship and investments, Pyatigorsk, Russia
LEVERS OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN RUSSIAN REGIONS: DIALOGUE WITH THE ELECTORATE OR MONOLOGUE OF PARTY ASSOCIATIONS?
The XXI century is the age of digital technologies, the age of superiority of virtual space over traditional forms of communication. In this regard, the work of political parties in social networks appears as one of the key conditions of its popularity. The image of the party and its further development as a political force depends on which factor will prevail in the work with the electorate (dialogue or monologue).
Today, the parties are trying to cover all existing social nets. The latter contain the main postulates of ideology, the results of the work regional offices, etc. In addition, the virtual space is used to expand the audience and attract new people to the party.
Activity in social networks, as well as the methods of working with the electorate can be used as an instrument to measure the maturity of the party. Analyzing the presence of the party on the Internet, modern political scientists assess the probability of its winning the next elections, the number of representatives in the state authorities it can win, etc.
This article analyzes the virtual resources of three Russian parties: the pro-government party "United Russia", the centrist party "Fair Russia" and the center-left non-parliamentary party "Yabloko".
Key words: political party, social networks, dialogue, activity, electorate, monologue, account, group, image.
R.M. ILYASOV post-graduate student at the Chair of political science at the Herzen state pedagogical university, junior researcher at the CCU YANAO Center for the study of the Arctic, Salekhard, Russia
CONSEQUENCES OF MASS NAVIGATION IN THE WATER AREA OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE: POLICY FOR FORMING THE SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
In the short term, when full capacity of all Russian oil and gas facilities will begin, export cargo shipments through the NSR will increase. In the long term, international transit freight will also increase. In this connection, with the increase in transboundary shipping and, as a consequence, the increase in anthropogenic load in the Arctic, the scientific interest of this article is chained to an analysis of environmental policy regulation related to the use of the Northern Sea Route. This article is aimed at analyzing the ecologization of state policy in securing maritime transport activities in the Arctic using the example of the Northern Sea Route.
Key words: Northern sea way, ecology, ecological regulation, international organizations, international agreements.
M.M. AKHMETSHIN post-graduate student at the Chair of political science, Institute of social-philosophical sciences and mass communications of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
CLERICALIZATION OF GOVERNMENT IN RUSSIA – CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
This article is devoted to the problem of interaction of the state and confessions in post-Soviet Russia. Despite the fact that the Russian Federation is a secular state, we see that certain actions of goverment and adopted bills sometimes contradict the principle of secularism in its usual sense. A special place in the article is the issue of public partnership of goverment and confessions. In this regard, the position of the state on the religious issue is examined through the prism of legislative activity.
Key words: Politics and religion, Clericalization, Russian Orthodox Church, secularity, religious associations.
Yu.V. VOVENDA post-graduate student at the Chair of state and municipal management, North-Western Institute of management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of national economy and public administration, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE PROCESS OF ENSURING THE SECURITY OF PERSONAL DATA (EXEMPLIFIED BY THE EXECUTIVE BODIES OF STATE POWER IN THE NORTH-WEST FEDERAL DISTRICT)
The article is considered the activities of public authorities of the North-West Federal District to ensure the security of personal data in government information systems. The threats to the security of personal data during processing in the ISPD of the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation are noted. Particular attention is paid to the system of training personnel in the field of information security to ensure the security of personal data in the OGV of the North-West Federal District.
Key words: Public authorities, personal data, ensuring information security, state information systems, training specialists in the field of information security.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
V.O. EVSEEV Doctor of sciences (economy), Professor at the Chair of political science and sociology, Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia
D.V. КАSHNIKOV post-graduate student working for the Master’s degree, Management Department, Russian University of Economics named after G. V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL TRAPS AS A TOOL OF INFLUENCE ON THE ELECTORAL COSTION
This article contains a classification of traps and describes a method to assess the propensity of the electorate to accept traps, provides the distribution of the electorate by inclination perception pitfalls. The aim of the research was to obtain the analytical dependencies of showing propensity/predisposition electorate to traps, depending on their psihotipa and possible specialisation in the political process. Methods: the work is based on FM analysis sociological information programmatically structure analysis of the complex. As an applied research method applies the method of political sociology and regressionno-correlation analysis. The result: presented in graphs and tables in which the electorate is divided into four groups: those who are already mentally trapped up to those who will never trap. In conclusion refers to the strategic importance of monitoring of susceptibility of the electorate for political traps, which are an essential element in political propaganda and counterpropaganda technologies and methods of ideological impact , methods of manipulation.
Key words: political traps, mental, directions psychotype political activity, political propaganda, manipulation.
D.V. POTAPOV post-graduate student of the Department of world politics and international relations of the Voronezh state university, Voronezh, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL REGIMES IN NON-WESTERN TYPE STATES: SPECIAL ROLE OF IDEOLOGY
The aim of this study is to analyze different approaches to the study of transformations of political regimes in non-Western-type states based on the publications of domestic and foreign authors. The author discloses the content of the concept of a non – Western state and substantiates the wide spread of this phenomenon in the world, refuting the basic provisions of the theory of democratic transit. The paper shows the reasons for the latent nature of the patron-client relations and the development of the policy of liberal interventionism in many countries of the world in the second half of the twentieth century. The technologies of forced transformation of political regimes in the non-Western states from authoritarianism to democracy are considered. He explains the reasons due to which the elite of the "global project" is increasingly losing its authority and political influence, and the previously well-established mechanism of forced democratic transit in many modern non-Western states ceases to work. The main content of the research is to identify the special role of ideologies in the transformation of political regimes in non-Western states. The author comes to the conclusion that the way out of the “methodological impasse of transitology” should be sought not only with the help of non-patrimonial alternatives, but also on the basis of a qualitatively different approach which interprets transformation of political regimes in modern countries of non-Western type as a result of ideological struggle and by conducting a comparative analysis of the power of different ideologies of various social groups and elites.
Key words: political regime, neopatrimonial regime, patron-client relations, transformation, democratic transit, non-Western type state.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
М.А. АDAMOVA Candidate of sciences (political sciences), Assistant professor at the Chair of international relations, political science and world economy of the Institute of international relations, Pyatigorsk state University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
М.V. CАKORINA Candidate of sciences (sociology), Assistant professor at the Chair of world economy and customs of the North-Caucasian Federal University, Pyatigorsk branch, Pyatigorsk, Russia
А.V. МАNKIEVA Candidate of sciences (political sciences), Assistant professor at the Department of legal support of the authorities of the North Caucasus Institute , branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Pyatigorsk, Russia
S.I. SERGEEV Candidate of sciences (political sciences), Assistant professor at the Chair of world economy and customs of the North-Caucasian Federal University, Pyatigorsk branch, Pyatigorsk, Russia
SEPARATISM AS A THREAT TO THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL SECURITY
The article analyzes the traditional and new forms of European separatism. Special attention is paid to the interrelation of separatism, migration processes and crisis phenomena of the European development. The authors point to the interdependence of separatism and globalization in the context of the ongoing European crisis and come to the conclusion on the future strengthening of negative trends. The purpose of article is to deal with the main problems of separatism and the reasons for its appearance. The study of such a thing as “separatism” is really topical as it exists in almost every country, regardless of its economic level. The article analyzes characteristic features of the concept of “separatism”. The study revealed that separatism is a relatively common regional problem and there are diverse ways to solve it. The paper also substantiates the idea that the task of the European governments is to preserve the integrity of their countries.
Key words: separatism, the native separatist sentiments, problems of separatism (secession), "impassable zones", “Sharia zones”, national minorities, segregation, nationalism.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
D.S. JANTEEVA Candidate of sciences (history), Assistant Professor, Head of the department of social and political studies of the Karachay-Cherkess Institute of humanitarian research under the Government of KCR, Cherkessk, Russia
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION OF THE ACTORS IN ETHNO-POLITICAL PROCESSES
Ethno-political communications are determined by social and cultural facets, social transformations and communication situations. Latent configurations of political interactions among actors of ethnopolitics, including politicization of ethnicity and mediation of power, have various effects on the state of ethnic and religious spheres and, in this connection, the article focuses on their structure, formation factors, "survivability", functioning and effectiveness. The author uses neo-institutional, functional and regulatory approaches, post-behavioral theory of rational choice and the instrumentalist conception of ethnicity. The article contains the author's interpretation of factors influencing the communicative ethno-political behavior and increasing the efficiency of informal contacts among the actors of ethnopolitics.
Key words: informal political communication, ethnopolitics, ethno-political communication, ethno-political process, actors of ethnopolitics.
O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION ON THE REGIONS OF STATES AND ITS ACTIVITY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE
The article analyzes the problems and reasons of the activity of the regions of states on the international scene, shows the influence of globalization and regionalization on these processes. The problem is very relevant. Globalization and regionalization bring the regions of states to the international scene. These processes require scientific comprehension. The author sets the goal to show the qualitative transformation of the world political system, where globalization and regionalization become the basis of geopolitical equilibrium. The main task is to analyze this process and to show how it affects the regions of states and its international cooperation, determine its role and significance as the most important trend in world development. In the process of research, the author used system methodology, within the framework of which the object of research appears as an integral, complexly organized system of international regional relations.
The following results were obtained: globalization and regionalization are the main reasons for the activity of regions of states on the international scene. These processes are not limited with any territorial or legal barriers. It easily overcomes the state borders and is able to affect any region anywhere in the world. Regions of states are becoming active participants of the international cooperation. During the research the author came to the following conclusion: nowadays there is a qualitative transformation of the word political system; globalization as one of the trends of modern world development is supported by regionalization and both these tendencies form the basis of the geopolitical equilibrium.
Key words: globalization, regionalization, regionalism, regions of states, state, international relations, international collaboration, international cooperation.
L.О. MURADYAN post-graduate student of the Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL LAW "ON NATIONAL AND CULTURAL AUTONOMY» AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION
The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal field of national and cultural autonomy in the Russian Federation, which creates conditions for the interaction of the state and society for the protection of citizens’ national interests and development of cultural identity of ethnoses.
Key words: national and cultural autonomy in the Russian Federation, national policy, institute of civil society, public enterprises, multinational, ethnos.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
M.E. RODIONOVA Vice-Rector for projects, Candidate of Science in Sociology, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology, History and Philosophy, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS FEATURES IN AUSTRIA IN 2017 S.KURTZ AS A NEW TYPE OF STATE AND POLITICAL LEADER
The article gives a brief historical digression in the relations between Russia and Austria, analyzes the official visits of the two sides: the Russian president to Austria in June 2018 and the official visit of Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurtz to Russia immediately after the election. The article considers historical preconditions, technologies of early parliamentary elections in Austria in 2017. and new vectors of S. Kurtz's modern policy as a new type of statesman (the history of "rise and rise", general provisions, election results). The reasons for early elections, moods and behavior of voters on the eve of elections are considered, the analysis of activity and crisis of relations of board of two leading parties of Austria is presented. Some technological methods used by S. Kurtz, elected by the Federal Chancellor of Austria, are also considered.
Key words: Russia, Austria, Austrian-Russian relations, election campaign, voters 'behavior, modern trends in S. Kurts' policy.