№ 8 (48), 2019

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 8 (48), 2019.

CONTENTS

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

Our authors № 8-2019

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY

G.I. AVTSINOVA Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE IN MODERN RUSSIA: TECHNOLOGIES, POLICY RISKS, WAYS OF NEUTRALIZATION

In article the phenomenon of civil disobedience in modern Russia in the context of the conducted election campaigns is analyzed. Consideration of civil disobedience as result of the conflict of the state and society allows to reveal its nonviolent nature which at the same time, in case of further ignoring of the cause of conflict by the state, can take the radical form, becoming thus significant threat for functioning of the created political system. Monitoring of a number of election campaigns of 2018-2019 and also the related protest actions allows to state observed strengthening of mechanisms of administrative and legal regulation of institutes of civil society and their participation in political life that leads to transformation of civil disobedience in one of forms of political participation – to protest vote and also increases the level of positive perception by society of protest populists. All this allows to formulate the main risks for political system of modern Russia and to offer mechanisms of their possible neutralization.

Key words: civil disobedience, political participation, political protest, political system, power, institutes of civil society, election campaign.

M.I. SAZHAEV Pacific higher naval institute S.O. Makarov, head of the navigation Department, Vladivostok, Russia

STATE POLICY OF NAVY PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE USSR ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article analyzes the state of the USSR Navy on the eve of the Great Patriotic War and examines the problems of creating an effective system of personnel training that meets the tasks of the Navy and its improvement in changing military and political conditions. The example of creation of the Pacific Higher Naval School, the organization of cadet training in prewar years and during the war, the courage, heroism and unprecedented service to the nation of the war years School graduates demonstrate implementation of the state policy in the sphere of training highly qualified and devoted officers.

Key words: naval personnel, the Pacific Higher Naval School, the Great Patriotic War, PHNS graduates, the Navy, defense of the Fatherland.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

D.V. MYSHYAKOVA graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

D.S. CHEKMENEV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher of Scientific and Educational Center for Political and Ethnopolitical Research, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

CONSTRACTION OF SOCIO-POLITICAL DISCOURSE AS A REFLECTION OF STATE-CIVIL INTERACTION: LEGAL ASPECT

The article discusses the legal aspect of the construction of socio-political discourse as a reflection of state-civil interaction. The authors summarize the features of legislative support for the construction of socio-political discourse in the Russian Federation. The symptomatic co-evolution of state and civil interests is indicated; “publicizing” the interaction of the state and civil society; strengthening the service character of the state; expansion of the functions of self-organization, self-government, self-help of citizens. The construction of socio-political discourse is carried out on the basis of not only law-making of state bodies, but also popular (referendum) law-making, as well as joint state-civil law-making with such mandatory elements as regulation, delegation, authorization, as well as collectivity, publicity, discursivity, however, with the increasing role of the state.

Key words: socio-political discourse, construction, state, government and administration, civil society, interaction of the state and civil society institutions, public policy.

M.S. TANTSURA candidate of political science, associate professor of department «Political Science» Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

R.A. GRITSENKO Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.D. PROKOPCHUK Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FEATURES OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF CAMPAIGNING IN THE 2018 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN

The author considers the problem of using Internet technologies for political agitation and influencing the electoral preferences of voters. In the modern world, a virtual network is a serious resource for the formation of public opinion, which is not inferior to television in terms of audience coverage. However, the political actors of the Russian Federation for the most part use traditional media for political agitation. And only some, mainly opposition forces, strive to use the potential of online campaigning. But an increasing number of people prefer the Internet, rather than television, so gradually the effective use of Internet technologies in election campaigns becomes a factor affecting the outcome of the election race. In this article, the author analyzes the tools that used political forces to influence the Internet audience as part of the 2018 election campaign in Russia. Having carried out a content analysis of the Internet resources of a number of candidates for the presidency of the Russian Federation, the author comes to the following conclusions: video content is most effective, as well as maintaining live accounts on Twitter and Instagram social networks.

Key words: Internet technologies, political Internet, election campaign, elections, electoral preferences, electoral activity.

T.R. KHANNANOVA the candidate. Jus. Professor, Department of public administration, Institute of history and public administration, Bashkir state University, Ufa, Russia

A.F. GARIFULLINA PhD. polit. associate Professor of the Department of Humanities and natural Sciences of the Bashkir cooperative Institute (branch) of the Autonomous non-profit educational organization of higher education of the center of the Russian Federation "Russian University of cooperation", Ufa, Russia

EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE INFORMATION POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

In terms of the program "Digital economy of the Russian Federation" becomes relevant to the study of the experience of implementing the information policy of the Executive authorities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to show the experience and features of the implementation of the state information policy in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The objectives of the study are to formulate the definition of "state information policy of the subject of the Russian Federation", to identify the problems of the implementation of this policy in the region and propose ways to solve them on the basis of the analysis of various theoretical approaches. The following results were obtained using a systematic approach and a comparative method: the lack of a unified approach to understanding the essence of state information policy at the regional level was revealed; the author formulates the concept of "state information policy of the subjects of the Russian Federation"; shows the modern experience of the Republic of Bashkortostan on the implementation of the state information policy on its territory; analyzes the effectiveness of the state program "Development of the information society in the Republic of Bashkortostan" and its social orientation; the political and legal status of a specialized Executive body on Informatization and functioning of the "Open Republic" system is studied and the imperfection of this status is demonstrated; for comparison, the positive practice of the Republic of Tatarstan is given, where a specialized Executive body has the status of a Ministry, is an Executive body of state power, which conducts state policy in the field of Informatization and communication and is an authorized Executive body of the Republic of Tatarstan in the field of Informatization. Based on the results, it is concluded that in the Republic of Bashkortostan to improve the efficiency of information policy implementation it is necessary to allocate a specialized body for the formation and implementation of the state information policy with political powers.

Key words: state information policy, Executive authorities, information society, regional experience, interaction of government and society, the level of information, digital technologies.

D.Yu. PETROV postgraduate student of the Department of information Management, of the journalism Department, Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Ranepa), Moscow, Russia

THE STATE POLICY ROLE WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

The article concerns the study of the role of the state information policy in the system of political communication in the framework of various methodological approaches of political science, models of political communication in historical retrospect.

Key words: Civil society, a model of political communication, state information policy.

D.A. LOBOIKO Independent Researcher, Director Center of Regional Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF RATINGS OF POLITICAL ELITES IN THE «HYBRID DEMOCRACY»

In Russian political reality, public experts and the media often refer to various «ratings». In conditions of low confidence in the election institution (according to the Levada Center and VCIOM), various kinds of «ranking tables» serve as a kind of substitute for electoral ratings. In part, the abundance of ratings of political elites (governors, deputies, ministers), based not on opinion polls, but on expert assessments and data analysis, is an indirect evidence of a decrease in the role of public opinion in influencing political processes. The ratings make up for the lack of information about political processes, as well as help implement the imitation or, as it is commonly called in a number of Russian media, «hybrid» model of democracy. The article analyzes the role of political ratings at present. The author comes to the conclusion that the ratings are currently not a reliable source of information, but rather a PR tool.

Key words: political ratings, hybrid democracy, rating methodology, manipulation, political analysis.

POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

E.V. MARTYNENKO Doctor of politics, Professor, Vice-rector of RUDN University, Head of Theory and History of Journalism Department, Moscow, Russia

A.I. PENZINA Graduate student of the Theory and History of Journalism Department, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

LONGREAD AS THE FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF IMMERSIVE JOURNALISM

The article is focused on the research of the relatively new phenomenon in the modern journalism – longread. The emergence of such a format like longread is associated primarily with the development of Internet technologies and the influence of convergence. The Internet has made information accessible and open, and has also changed traditional ways of interacting with information. According to many researchers, longread became the basis for the emergence of immersive journalism. Experiments with multimedia elements have made online journalism attractive to the audience. It also became the starting point for bold formats and new directions in journalism, including the use of virtual reality technologies. All this is done in order to attract the audience and give it new formats for consuming information.

Key words: longread, journalism, internet technology, immersion, format.

N.M. MEDVEDEVA Ph. D. Historical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of World History and Area Studies, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia

POLITICAL CONTEXTS OF THE WARLIKE IMAGES OF PRIME MINISTER T. MAY IN BRITISH CARTOONS

The object of study in the article is British political cartoons published in central periodicals on April 12-15, 2018, in which Theresa May, who was then the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is the main or one of the central figures. The subject of the study is the options for depicting belligerence in various political contexts, which the cartoonists illustrated the process of deciding to participate in missile strikes on Syria on April 14, 2018 after accusing its government of using chemical weapons against civilians. The aim of the study is to understand, through overcoming intercultural barriers, the essence of the satirical component of political influence and enlightenment, invested by famous British cartoonists in their work, as reactions to modern events. Political cartoons are seen as a complex of visual and verbal elements. In their analysis, the following methods were used: decoding the hidden semantics of satirical images and attributes, semantic analysis of visual narrative, identifying political presuppositions of cartoons. As a result, methods of satirical depiction of the prime minister were revealed with the aim of criticizing the non-independence of its foreign policy to the detriment of the British-American partnership, criticizing the use of military methods as unnecessary and dangerous, using them as part of the anti-Russian campaign, criticizing the undemocratic government decisions and the leader’s policy in general conservatives.

Key words: Theresa May, Political Cartoons, United Kingdom, Syria air strikes.

E.M. MALLAEVA post-graduate student, working for a degree at the Uzbek National University named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONSEPT OF POLITICAL CULTURE

In the article the author investigates political culture. The concepts of political culture were originally investigated by some ancient thinkers, such as Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Abu Nasr Farabi and others who laid the foundation of political science.

Key words: political culture, identity, society, citizens, philosophers-rulers.

D.M. SALIMOV candidate for a degree of the Department of regional studies, international relations and political science, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia

POLITICAL JOURNALISM AS A WAY OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN POWER AND SOCIETY

The article discusses the essence and nature of political journalism, its place in the political system. The main stages of political journalism development in Tajikistan are highlighted, as well as the role of the media in shaping public opinion and the functioning of the political system. Using the example of state and independent media, the author shows the state of modern political journalism in the country.

Key words: political journalism, freedom of speech, power, media, political system, state.

PARSA AHMAD MUSADEQ post-graduate student of the Chair of political and social policy of the Russian State Social University, Afghanistan

GENDER AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN AFGHANISTAN

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, which participated in the war about forty years ago, still feels its consequences. The loss of a large number of people, destroyed infrastructure and illiteracy undoubtedly affect the social life of the people. A serious problem for the society and a factor of many problems in the country is the lack of educational institutions which also procrastinates the adverse situation in Afghanistan. In addition to the above issues, the gender also has an impact on the access to education.

Key words: gender, Afghanistan, education, war.

POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS

O.R. MUSAYEV Candidate of Sciences (history), Associate Professor, Uzbek National University named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

Sh.S. KARSHIEV lecturer, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

SOME ASPECTS OF STRENGTHENING INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN MULTIETHNIC STATES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UZBEKISTAN)

The article studies and analyzes some aspects of strengthening interethnic relations in multiethnic states (on the example of Uzbekistan).

Key words: nation, ethnos, people, interethnic relations, multiethnic states, national minorities, interethnic harmony, interethnic conflicts, harmonization of interethnic relations, national interest.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

Sh.I. PAKHRUTDINOV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

UZBEKISTAN: RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE INTENSITY OF ACCELERATED CHANGES

In his article, the author analyzes problems and solutions to the sustainable development of the state and society. Particular attention is paid to the issues of the sustainability of modern society in the conditions of threats and challenges and the ways of its formation. The author explores the place and role of the country's leader in ensuring the stability and development of society.

Key words: threat resistance, catalyst, stabilizer, legitimacy, leader, society, state, ideology, spirituality stability, development, democracy.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY

O.V. DUBROVINA Dr.Sci. (Pol.Sci.), Professor, Chancellor of the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

R.R. SALAMOV postgraduate student of the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

PARADIPLOMACY AS THE NEW ARCHITECTURE OF RUSSIA-BRAZIL RELATIONS

The main purpose of this article is an analysis of paradiplomacy as the new architecture of modern Russia-Brazil relations. This article aims to define the role of paradiplomacy of the regions of Russian Federation and Federative Republic of Brazil in strengthening of modern Russia-Brazil relations. Moreover, there is an analysis of interregional aspect of modern architecture of Russia-Brazil relations. The main research methods used in this study are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systems approach, comparative analysis, institutional method and structure functional analysis.

Key words: international relations, paradiplomacy, theoretical approaches, Russia-Brazil relations, interregional cooperation, regions, states.

M.E. RODIONOVA Director of Center for European Research, Candidate of Science in Sociology, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Mass Communication, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION OF RUSSIA AND BULGARIA: FROM HISTORY TO MODERNITY. DYNAMICS OF RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION (on the 140th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Russia and Bulgaria)

The purpose of this article is to consider Bulgarian-Russian relations, taking into account transformations in the international system, economic aspects of cooperation, taking into account European sanctions; scientific prerequisites for further development. Regional cooperation within the BSEC framework is considered, the spheres of tourism, science, energy in bilateral relations are affected. The material is dedicated to the celebration of 140 years of diplomatic relations between countries and a whole series of meetings on the eve.

Key words: Bulgaria, Russia, the European Union, political conditions, economic cooperation, BSEC, energy, science and education, tourism.

D.A. BRUSILOVSKII Ph.D. in Philosophy, Assistant Professor, UNESCO Department for the Study of World Religions and Culture and Philosophy of Science Department, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Republic of Kyrgyzstan

I.I. ESIPOV graduate student of the North-West Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

SPECIFICS OF THE IMPACT OF SOFT POWER OF RUSSIA, CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES IN CENTRAL ASIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

The article considers the difference between «public diplomacy» and propaganda and gives the author's concept of «soft power.» The authors reveal the realities of China, the challenges of the United States and the prospects of Russia in Central Asia. The article reveals the geostrategic, geo-economic and geophilosophical mechanisms of «soft power» in relation to Central Asia. The authors explore the qualitative state and own potential of «soft power» in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The article for the first time in the Eurasian space analyzes the new publications of the founder of the concept of «soft power» J. Nye in the period from 2017 to 2019. The authors reveal the reasons why for many years the American political scientist Joseph Nye tries to convince the Central Asian region and the world at large that allegedly authoritarian countries such as China and Russia have difficulty with creating their own «soft power» because of their unwillingness to release the vast talents of their civil societies. Professor of the Harvard Institute of Public Administration J. Nye is confident that China will not be able to displace America from the Western Pacific, much less dominate Central Asia and the global world. Let's read it and see if it is really so.

Key words: soft power, Central Asia, USA, China, Russia, geopolitics, education, science, public diplomacy, globalization.

M.A. BURDA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of Political Science and Political Management, Faculty «School of Political Studies» Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.E. KHOREVA specialist of the migration research group at the Moscow regional office of the Young Political Scientists Council of the Russian Political Science Association. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

M.A. LARKINA Candidate of Political Sciences, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

V.P. BELYAEVA deputy director for teaching and educational work, the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow «School №97», Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL-STATE IDENTITY IN MODERN EUROPE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HAPPENING MIGRATION AND POLITICAL PROCESSES

In article features of transformation of national-state identity in countries of Western Europe as a result of migration crisis are analyzed. In this regard, in a research some theoretical approaches to studying of questions of national-state identity are considered that allows to reveal features of its modern transformation. Authors focus attention to interrelations of migration and political processes in Europe which symbiosis becomes a factor of rejection of migrants by the European society and growth of popularity of political forces conservative and partly right-populist rhetoric. Thus, observed process of the Renaissance of "national loyalty" becomes a major factor of transformation of national-state identity.

Key words: national-state identity, migration, migration policy, migration processes, political parties, national loyalty, nation.

P.V. SHAMAROV Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Department Specialist, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN PEACEKEEPING MODEL IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE

The article examines the national-state peacekeeping activities of the Russian Federation in the CIS, which is identified as a “specific force peacekeeping”, which in the interests of ensuring the national security of Russia allows the state to partially move away from a number of classical principles of peacekeeping and tasks of crisis settlement of the military contingents of the Commonwealth countries in conjunction with the warring parties.

The modern peacekeeping model of the Russian Federation in the CIS is singled out and justified, which is implemented on the basis of a pragmatic and expedient approach in order to increase Russia's strategic, political, military and other influence in the Commonwealth under conditions of sufficiently cool United similar operations and the traditional hostile reaction of the leading countries of the West to Russian peacekeeping in the CIS.

The specificity of the implementation of the named Russian model in the Commonwealth is explained by the rigid timeframes of taking urgent political decisions at the beginning of the peacekeeping operations of the Russian Federation, the scale and intensity of conflicts, their significant negative impact on the national security of the country, regional and international situation.

The author formulates the concept of “network peacekeeping with variable geometry”, the use of which in modern Russian peacekeeping practice will increase the level of its national security.

Key words: peacekeeping, peacekeeping operation, post-Soviet space, UN, CIS, NATO, conflict, crisis, national security.

A.V. MAKAROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Administration and National Security, Faculty of National Security, Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE USA

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the process of formation of educational space in the USA. The study found that the educational space is formed in the context of the functioning of a decentralized system of education management in the country. Separate emphasis is placed on the powers of local and federal authorities. In addition, features related to the student’s right to independently choose a curriculum, the presence of a clear continuity of the educational process between its various levels are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the structure of the US national educational space, the academic mobility of students and teachers. Particular emphasis is placed on the active use of distributed educational information systems within the educational space.

Key words: educational space, USA, formation, mobility, management, decentralization, informatization, training plan.

O.O. STROCHKOVA post-graduate student of the European security Department, Institute of Europe RAS, Moscow, Russia

TEN YEARS OF REALIZATION OF THE PROGRAM “EASTERN PARTNERSHIP”: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS

10 years have passed since the launch of the European initiative “Eastern Partnership”. The analysis of its interim results shows that the EU has achieved some positive results in the economic and humanitarian sphere. Nevertheless the EU has not been able to solve the problem of changing the values of the former Soviet republics in Eastern Europe and Transcaucasia, and some countries remain interested in good relations with Russia. That's why the EU should think about revising the existing concept of Russian-European relations and improving the forms of further development of relations with Russia and the «Eastern Partnership» countries in the neighborhood zone.

Key words: post-Soviet space, the European Union, Eastern Partnership, European Neighborhood Policy, economy, integration, «soft power».

TOUBASI SALEM postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Palestine

LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES AS A TOOL FOR REGIONAL POLITICAL CONSOLIDATION: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS AT THE PRESENT STAGE

In the article, the author considered the peculiarities of the participation of the League of Arab States as an actor of political processes in the Middle East region and prospects for the future activities of such an international institution. The role of the League in regional political conflicts related to the period of political turbulence of the “Arab spring” is considered. The author points out that the key factors of the national strength of the League’s member states are natural resources and human capital. Special attention is paid in the article to a new stage in the development of interaction between the League of Arab States and the European Union. Points of contact and prospects for such cooperation are identified. The author also focuses on the processes of the need for further closer regional integration of the League’s member states not only in economic but also in political format, which will increase the League’s share in the global political processes of the modern world.

Key words: political processes, political region, League of Arab States, the Arab world, national interests, political integration.

E.A. BIKBULATOV Master of Political Science, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Moscow, Russia

IMPACT OF THE «TROLL FACTORY'S» INTERNET PROPAGANDA ON DONALD TRUMP'S ELECTION CAMPAIGN

The article considers the analyze of impact «The troll farm» on the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump. The author identifies the main strategies of «The troll farm» PR-campaign, target audience and key channels through which manipulation of public opinion was implemented.

Key words: elections, «The troll farm», United States Presidential Election of 2016, election campaign, communication strategy, electorate, online propaganda, Donald Trump.