Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 8, Issue 11 (39), 2018.
CONTENTS
THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
REVIEWS
Beresnev D.N., Medvedev N.P., Slisovskiy D.E. Review of the article by E.Z. Datukishvili, N.K. Musina, V.G. Prejdarova, S.V. Simonova "Education: how the state affects this fragile and plastic system"
THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY
V.V. KOMLEVA Doctor of Sciences (sociology), Dean of the faculty of International regional research and regional management of the IGSU Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL IMMUNITY IN ENSURING SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL DESTABILIZING EFFECTS: MODELING EXPERIENCE
In the conditions of activation of external influences on domestic policy processes in Russia the task of searching mechanisms and technologies ensuring social and political stability becomes even more acute. The article proposes a model of stability based on the mechanism of social immunity. Social immunity is developed in the process of socialization, fixed in the practice of interaction with political institutions and supported by the conditions of life activity, corresponding to the population's ideas about quality of life, justice and security. As the main factors for the maintenance of social immunity the article considers existential security, social memory, social cohesion, institutional and systemic trust.
Key words: social and political stability, external influences, destabilization, social immunity, existential security, social memory, social cohesion, institutional trust, systemic trust.
G.V. KAMENSKAYA Dr.Sci. (Pol.Sci.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Political Theory, IMEMO, Moscow, Russia
"NEW LIBERALISM" AND TRADITIONALISM: THE LIMITS OF CONFRONTATION
The article is devoted to the development trends of party political systems in European countries and the USA. A significant place is given to the phenomenon of populism and the reasons for the growth of populist sentiments – the value conflict of globalized and traditionally oriented groups of the population, the growth of property inequality, the decline in social mobility. The focus is on confronting the “new liberalism” as a postmodern worldview and traditionalism that advocates the preservation of the heritage of the classical Modern. The conclusion is made about the growing tendency towards chaos of party political processes in Western countries, due to the destruction of the value framework of Modernity.
Key words: ideology, populism, new liberalism, traditionalism, Modernity, humanism.
G.G. SHALAMOV post-graduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
PLACE AND CONTENT OF THE CATEGORY "NATIONAL-STATE INTEREST" IN THE ACTIVITY POLITICAL ONTOLOGY
The article deals with ontological and theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the category of "national-state interest". The difference between naturalistic and activity interpretations of national-state interest is shown. The idea of activity ontology in politics and its practical consequences is introduced. The connections of the concept of "national-state interest" with the categories of "purpose" and "public good"are revealed.
Key words: national-state interest, ontology of activity, political ontology, proactive policy.
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
KAZAK KYZY NURGUL candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn Faculty of International Relations and Oriental Studies, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
S.O. ZHUNUSOVA Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Docent. Kyrgyz National University named after J.Balasagyn Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Sociology and Social Work, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
THE ROLE OF THE ELITE IN CENTRAL ASIA IN ENSURING SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE RELIGIOUS SPHERE (THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERT SURVEY)
In this article deals with the issues of peace, stability and security of Central Asia in the religious sphere, and notes the special role of the elite in this process. Thus, the article analyzes the increasing influence of the Islamic factor in Kyrgyzstan and in Central Asia as a whole. The peculiarities of radicalization of Islam in the region are revealed, the activities of the subjects of state power in ensuring religious stability and security are analyzed. A number of proposals and recommendations are made to ensure religious stability and security, based on the opinion of experts.
Key words: Islam, “Islamic factor”, Religious Extremism and Fundamentalism, Elites, National and Religious security CA.
D.C. BUDAEVA candidate of political science, Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia
THE REGIONAL FEATURES OF DEPUTIES’ ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF THE SEVENTH CONVOCATION (on the materials of Buryatia residents’ sociological survey)
The article says that in Buryatia the difference between the declared and real turnout is higher than the national average is. According to the author, it’s due to the regional depressiveness and to the growth of social apathy of a significant part of population, caused by a decrease in monetary income of the people.
Serious attention is paid to the establishment of a link between the party choice and the characteristics of the electorate (gender, age, nationality, education, employment, family and financial status). Analyzing the calculation by the Pearson coefficient, the connection between the party choice and the characteristics of the electorate it was found that the choice of "Spravedlivaya Rossia" is not seriously affected by any factor, the CPRF’s choice is significantly influenced by the age of the individual.
Elderly citizens voted for it. The choice of “Edinaya Rossia” was influenced by gender and education, but not so much. More often than others, women with secondary special, incomplete higher and higher education voted for this party. The LDPR's choice was significantly influenced by three factors out of seven ones that we included in the correlation table. These are gender, age and nationality.
Key words: declared and real voter turnout, the difference between declared and real turnout in Russia and Buryatia, absenteeism in the context of age groups, the close relationship between party choice and socio-economic characteristics.
M.M. SHTYREV MA degree candidate Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
T.A. GUSARSKAIA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, Deputy Director for Organization of the Institute of Contemporary Politics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF ELECTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2018
In the article the authors reveal the uniqueness of the past Presidential elections in comparison with the previous elections of the same level. The object of research is the Institute of elections in the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is the features of elections at all stages of the election campaign and analyzing the activities of candidates. The purpose of the study is to highlight the main electoral preferences and to emphasize the new trends of the Institute of Presidential elections in Russia.
Key words: Elections 2018, election campaign, features of candidates, agitation, sociological research, electoral preferences.
V.E. KAZANIN postgraduate student of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
V.N. SHIROBOKOV postgraduate student of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY OF POLITICAL POWER ON YOUNG PEOPLE IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article deals with the main mechanisms and directions of the influence of political power on young people. The goal of the research is the establishment of the ways and methods of creating an information field of political power. The methodology of study includes theoretical methods such as analysis and classification. The authors analyze the influence of mass media and communication on the formation of political consciousness of young people, determine the role of the main channels of information in maintaining the current political regime, as well as give the author's assessment of the impact of information openness of political power on young people. The result of the work includes the principles and conditions of interaction between political power and youth in modern Russia.
Key words: young people, transparency of power, authorities, information politics, public policy, political processes, Russia.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
D.V. POTAPOV post-graduate student at the Chair of world politics and international relations of Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
CHANGE OF IDEOLOGEMS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLITICAL REGIME TRANSFORMATION
The article considers the essence of the concept of ideological construction as a process of systematic change of ideologems and the experience of its use as an instrument of transformation of political regimes in the second half of the XX century in two completely different sociums: the European Union and the Republic of Korea. Formation of an effective supranational system of power in Europe –the political regime of the European Union-at different stages was inspired by the five generations of antagonistic ideologems that have been introduced into the information space as a temporary "patch" for the resolution of current problems. The true goals of the authors of this project were successfully achieved, the result was the legitimation of the "European melting pot of nations," the destruction of European authorities and degradation of European values/identity. The three generations of ideologems in the Republic of Korea, replacing one another from the beginning of the 60s to the end of the twentieth century, have always been aimed at mobilizing the population to solve specific problems. At the heart of the state ideology remained anti-communism, nationalism and conservatism. Based on objective requirements and socio-economic and political situation, these the basic ideas were modified and acquired new interpretations. Despite the complete lack of commonality between the two political regimes or sociums, the change of ideologies in them is a kind of a "universal the tool," allowing to carry out transformation of the political regime without affecting the basic values of the political system. In his article, the author justifies the conclusion: in order to ensure national subjectivity the political regime of modern Russia needs ideological construction; ideology not as an immutable / static symbol, but as a dynamic change of cross-cutting ideologems. Their impact on the population of each specific region should occur on the emotional level, relying on the layers of subconscious historical memory. The effectiveness of this instrument of political regime transformation is determined by a) the emotional intensity of the set of ideologems, and b) timeliness of their introduction into the information space and their timely replacement.
Key words: political regime, transformation, national subjectivity, ideology, ideologem, ideological construction, EU, Republic of Korea.
E.Z. DATUKISHVILI postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
N.K. MUSINA postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kazakhstan
V.G. PREJDAROVA postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Bulgaria
S.V. SIMONOVA postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
EDUCATION: HOW THE STATE AFFECTS THIS FRAGILE AND PLASTIC SYSTEM
In the article, instead of focusing on the attempts to predict the nature and degree of state influence on the development of educational systems, we will try to understand in detail: what state institutions (institute of the presidency, legislative and executive bodies) and in what way influence education, exercising all their organizing power and influence. The result of the study is the belief that the main problem in education is the degeneration of development and protection institutions aimed to protect intellectual and creative work on the part of scientific, research, academic, and teaching staff, and on the part of the representative institutions of state power.
Key words: education; education as a system, state educational policy; state policy in the field of education.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia
REGIONALIZATION OF UNITARY STATES: CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES
In the article, the author analyzes the processes of regionalization of unitary states.
This problem is very relevant. Globalization and regionalization lead the regions of not only federal, but also unitary states to the international scene. These processes require scientific research. Based on the relevance, the target is to show the qualitative transformation of the political system of unitary states under the influence of globalization and regionalization.
The main task is to characterize and show the particularities of the regions of unitary states entering the international scene.
In the course of the study, the author used the system methodology, in which the object of study appears as an integral, complexly organized state system, and the method of comparative analysis.
The following results were achieved: a characteristic was given to unitary states, their types, models of decentralized cooperation were presented, experience and peculiarities of the implementation of international relations of centralized, relatively decentralized and decentralized states were shown.
In the course of the study, the author came to the following conclusion: in the context of globalization and regionalization, even unitary states are forced to implement a more flexible policy towards the regions in the sphere of international relations, giving them more and more rights and opportunities.
Key words: globalization, regionalization, regionalism, regions of states, international relations, international communication, international cooperation, unitary states.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Professor (International Relations Dept., RSHU), Professor (Diplomacy Dept., MGIMO-University), Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTS OF THE KOREAN SETTLEMENT
The convoluted complex of problems around the situation on the Korean Peninsula is not accidentally called a kind of “Gordian knot” of world politics of our day. Any attempt to cut this knot by one blow of the sword, as Alexander the Great did in the IV century BC nowadays might imply a catastrophe of regional and global character.
The author of the published article uses the conflict-resolution experience of his own to present a possible scenario of how this knot could be untied by political and diplomatic means.
Key words: DPRK, Republic of Korea, USA, PRC, Russia, UN, prospects for settlement, the problem of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, denuclearization, inter-Korean negotiations, the reunification of Korea, peace treaty, world order, hegemonism, multipolarity.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
BLACK SWANS OF THE MODERN WORLD ORDER
The article based on the system-synergetic approach, shows the regressive essence of the unipolar pro-American world order and identifies the poorly predictable phenomena associated with it with large-scale damage (black swans). It has been proposed to create a global digital platform with the aim of developing and implementing the project of the “needy future” for the mankind in line with the global evolutionary process.
Key words: world order, hegemony, evolution, security, order parameters, self-organization, threats, network model, future.
A.Yu. PINCHUK Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), First Vice-rector of the Federal State University "MGTU STANKIN", Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF BRICS COUNTRIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
This article discusses the role and place of the BRICS countries in the fight against international terrorism. The main mission of BRICS IS to develop mutually beneficial cooperation and dialogue between countries and peoples. Despite its youth, BRICS is actively involved in solving global problems as a tool for building a multipolar world. With regard to the problem of international terrorism, the identification, prediction and mitigation of terrorist threats are key areas of cooperation between the BRICS countries. It is stated that in 2015, when ISIS became the main terrorist threat, and other terrorist groups announced their Alliance with THEM, the BRICS expanded its sphere of counterterrorist interests to include all terrorist acts based on religion and ideology. And with the deepening of the migration crisis in Europe and increasing attacks on people of different races and nationalities, the BRICS countries have also interpreted racial and ethnic attacks on groups or individuals as manifestations of terrorism. At the same time, the BRICS countries have repeatedly called for strengthening domestic and international legislation on international terrorism. Based on this, the author concludes that international cooperation in the field of anti-terrorist security should determine the need to establish clearer and more comprehensive political and legal boundaries of dialogue to achieve sustainable peace and ensure the development of anti-terrorist goals set by both States and the world community.
Key words: terrorism, international terrorism, antiterrorist struggle, BRICS, international cooperation.
N.P. BRODSKAYA cand. Sci. (Political Science), Senior Researcher, Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), Moscow, Russia
E.G. SOLOVYEV cand. Sci. (Political Science), Head of Section, Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), Moscow, Russia
SPORT AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL OF "SOFT POWER" IN THE WORLD POLITICS
The transformation of the world order gives impetus to the search for new forms and tools for foreign policy. The growing competition of the leading states under the framework of the continuing complex interdependence leads to the fact that the ability of some countries to form or influence on the process of creation of political discourse at the global level is of great importance for the implementation of leadership functions in the world politics. In recent years, the return to the focus of international relations of the competition of the world's leading powers, the turn to realism and the strengthening of the role of hard power. So, military and economic power play a crucial role in determining the leading positions in world politics. Nevertheless, at the context of the spread of the so-called "hybrid" forms of conflicts and political practices, the role of other parameters of power (so-called "soft power") does not decrease.
In a modern world politics the sport remains one of the important resources of "soft power". At the same time, the non-transparent and non-alternative structure of international sport management provides a number of countries which have an opportunity to use some processes in a modern sport (fight against doping for example) as political resource in their own political interests. The weakening in recent years the soft power of the Russian Federation, the neglect of our management structures various aspects of "soft power" due to lack of resources and/or concentration on the aspects of "hard power", in any case, makes it easier for competitors to discredit the Russian policy in general, undermines the credibility of the country and even lead to the gradual and consistent "dehumanization" of its citizens. Russian diplomacy and foreign policy strategy should pay more attention to the foreign policy challenges associated with these processes.
Key words: international relations, world politics, soft power, sports, Russia's foreign policy.
A.V. BOYARKINA Candidate of political sciences Associate professor Academic department of the English language School of regional and international studies Far eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THE INCREASE OF CHINA’S «HARD POWER»: GREAT LEAP FORWARD IN A «NEW ERA»
The article shows how China gradually shifts to «hard power», the growth of military power through political, military and economic influence. The purpose of the article is to consider the growth of «hard power», political, military, economic power under the leadership of Xi Jinping in a «new era». China is moving progressively towards increasing arms and strengthening «hard power» without changing the model of foreign policy and not abandoning the resources of «soft power».
The author comes to the conclusion that in the Western political science school, «soft power» is formed on the basis of «power» concept. Since the meaning of this concept varies depending on the author’s interpretation, this concept has not been fully studied. As the interest in «soft power» is waning, China’s aspiration to a strategic breakthrough and «hard power» is increasing. Strengthening of global influence, proficient modernization of the armed forces, building of advanced technologies, intellectual weapons and the implementation of an assertive foreign policy testify to China’s transition to «hard power» and strategic breakthrough. «Soft power» still remains in the Chinese foreign policy, although China’s implementation of the foreign policy «strong but not hard» approach results in fading of interest towards it.
In the framework of the «Chinese dream» the Chinese government also applies «hard power» to develop and rejuvenize the country. Modernized armed forces are necessary for China to protect its own economic and commodity interests in Africa, Latin America, and the South China Sea.
Today, a new phenomenon appears in the Chinese foreign affairs – «hard soft power», which, despite the US economic opposition, tariff wars, contributes to the solution of international problems and shaping a new world order.
Key words: China, the 19 th National Congress of the CCP, Xi Jinping, China’s foreign policy, strategic breakthrough, «soft power», strengthening of «hard power», «sharp power», «hard soft power».
A.Kh. MAKHMUD PhD-student of Institute of World Economy and International Relations RAS, Moscow, Russia
“SOFT POWER”: THE ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT, NATURE AND TOOLS
The concept of “soft power” appeared in the last decade of the 20th century. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the USSR, the end of the Cold War and the transition from a bipolar system of international relations to a unipolar, the world is faced with the need to reform the model of foreign policy of the state. With the growth of globalization and informatization of society the new challenges are arising and that cannot be dealt only by using military force or economic pressure, so the international society is beginning to develop a new vector of international relations – “soft power”.
The article describes the origin of “soft power”, the basic nature and tools of the concept. 28 years after the publication of Joseph Nye Jr.'s article, where the concept of “soft power” was first presented, the author of this article returns to the origins of the concept and analyzes the basic structure of the concept.
Key words: “soft power”, international relations, J. Nye Jr., elitism, pluralism, referent power, nature of “soft power”, foreign policy, the power of attraction, culture, political values, globalization.
S.E. MARTYNENKO Theory and History of International Relations Department RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF SPORTS INVOLVEMENT INTO DEVELOPMENT AND GRANTING OF PEACE AND SECURITY
Sport, as one of the instruments of education, development and peace, promotes cooperation, solidarity, tolerance, understanding and social integration at the local, national and international levels. His intrinsic values, such as team spirit, honesty, discipline, respect for the enemy and the rules of the game are accepted all over the world and can be used to promote solidarity, social cohesion and peaceful coexistence. The article is devoted to the study of the role and place of sports in the development and maintenance of peace and security on earth. In the process of analysis, the origins of the emergence of the peacekeeping function of sport were studied on the example of the Olympic Games. Also discussed today is the controversial interpretation of sports as an effective tool for supporting and ensuring security in modern society. Taking into account the existing contradictions, recommendations have been formulated and specific prerequisites for a return to the humanistic component of sports that can ensure security and peace in global society are indicated.
In this article, the author also researches the basic principles of the use of sport in order to develop friendly interstate relations, and also as an argument for reconciling political opponents in the international arena. The main methods used by the author in the framework of the study are the method of political analysis, the historical-analytical method and the comparative method.
Key words: sport, world, Olympic Games, humanism, opposition, competition, security, value.
D.N. MUIDINOV applicant, seeking a scientific degree at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
TODAY’S MIGRATION PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON STABILITY IN EUROPE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY)
The article provides an analysis of the causes of migration flows that occur today in the European Union. The article discusses the main migration trends in European countries as well as their consequences for European society. An assessment was made of the actions of state institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany in solving the problem of illegal migration.
Key words: migration policy, migration, European Union, Germany, refugees, migrants.
S.V. ZAVODNIK postgraduate student, MGIMO (University) of the MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
POLICY OF ISOLATION OF THE PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES
Terror threat has been existential and extremely critical for Israel during its modern history. Terrorism claimed more lives of the Israeli citizens than in any other democracy despite well-structured and systematical counterterrorism policy. This article deals with so – called closure policy, which implies the closure and strict armed control of the Israel – Gaza barrier, the construction of the Israel – West Bank separation barrier, as well as the permit policy for Palestinians, and the introduction of the curfews in Palestinian cities. This topic is of sufficient interest as these measures taken by the Israeli government to ensure security are considered to be one of the most controversial. This policy was implemented in the early 2000s after the beginning of the Al-Aqsa Intifada and is still actively conducted by the Israeli government. The article analyzes the effectiveness of this set of measures and its impact on the economic situation of the West Bank and the Gaza strip.
Key words: Palestine, Israel, conflict, national security, United States, government policy, policy of isolation of the Palestinian territories.
I.I. RUSTAMOV own correspondent, Information Agency “SalamNews”, Moscow, Russia
REGIONAL POLICY OF AZERBAIJAN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Independent foreign policy is the guarantor of sovereignty. This issue is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of rapid changes in the global and regional picture. For the skillful defense of national interests, it is necessary to clearly define foreign policy objectives. Meanwhile, to achieve these goals, it is necessary to use effective and modern diplomatic mechanisms. At the same time, foreign policy priorities play a decisive role.
Key words: Azerbaijan, Turkey, the Caucasus, foreign policy, priorities.
ZHANG YAN post-graduate student of the Department of Political Science, Institute of Oriental Studies - School of Regional and International «Far Eastern Federal University», Vladivostok, Russia
REGULATORY BASES OF THE PRC POLICY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY OF REFORMING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE BEGINNING OF 2000 TO 2010 YEARS
In the paper the author explores the main directions of the policy in modernization of higher education in the People’s Republic of China at the present stage. According to the author, its improvement becomes the key to increasing the economic development of the state. The article describes the mechanisms for solving problems in the field of higher education, analyzes regulatory documents, political projects and programs in this field.
Key words: higher education, concept, educational policy, world institutions, quality of education, rivalry.
REVIEWS
REVIEW
of the article by E.Z. Datukishvili, N.K. Musina, V.G. Prejdarova, S.V. Simonova "Education: how the state affects this fragile and plastic system"
Reviewers:
D.N. Beresnev Director of the Institute of international education of the Moscow state University of food production, Moscow, Russia
N.P. Medvedev Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
D.E. Slisovskiy PhD in History, Professor of Department of Humanities and social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia