Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 11 (87), 2022
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Kamenskaya G.V. Liberalism: Classic and Postmodern
Anoshkin P.P. The State and War in the Political Philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Velikaya N.M. Ideological and Institutional Dominants of Consolidation of the Russian Society and State
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Petrov A.P., Pronchev G.B. Hybrid War Against Russia in the Context of a Special Military Operation for the Denaciification and Demilitarization of Ukraine (Analysis and Mathematical Modeling)
Yunusov F.A. Factors of Social Ill-Being and their Connection with State Policy in the Region (Udmurt Republic)
Brodskaya N.P. Artificial Intelligence – Personal Security Issues
Adams O.Y. Corruption Studies in People’s Republic of China: Theories and Approaches
Galieva S.I. The Role of Non-State Actors in Implementing State Policy of Crime Prevention
Magadiev M.F. The System of Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction (SIEV) in the Structure of the Electronic Government of the Russian Federation
Budaeva D.Ts., Donirova G.A. International (Inter-Ethnic) Consent of the Peoples of the Far Eastern Federal District: Historical and Political Aspect
Urokov B.A. Forming the Image of the Leader in the Public Service in the Conditions of the New Uzbekistan
Davydov V.N., Tuan Аnh Nguyen, Zotkina A.L. Social Networks as a Factor of Ensuring the Political Stability of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Samosyuk A.A. Trends in the Development of the Modern World Order as a Factor of Changing the Military Policy of the State
Gerasimenko A.A. The Main Channels of Dissemination of Information in the Media, Influencing Political Transformations in Modern Russia
Morugina I.N. Features of the Formation of the Political Agenda During the Election Campaign to the State Duma in 2021
Potapov D.V. Changing the Interpretations of Models of Political Regimes
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Karatueva E.N. Models of Interaction Between Public and Municipal Administration in Latin American Countries
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Areshidze L.G., Krupianko M.I. Japan: the Art of United a Nation by Gift Exchange
Surma I.V. State Sovereignty vs Policy of Digital and Technological Neocolonialism
Grinyaev S.N., Medvedev D.A. Transformation of Institutions of Multilateral Cooperation in the Arctic in New Geopolitical Conditions
Karachin I.O. The Political Status of the Russian Language in the Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union
Chaevich A.V. The Role of the New Maritime Doctrine in Ensuring its National Security
Tushkov A.A., Voron-Kovalskaya A.O. Scenario of "Integration of Integrations" of Greater Asia: the Way from the Eurasian Chord to the Formation of a Comprehensive Pan-Eurasian Platform
Chimiris E.S. Russian and Western Soft Power Strategies. Implicit vs. Explicit Knowledge
Bychkova N.S. International Humanitarian Cooperation and Human Security in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shangaraev R.N., Grishkina A.V. Challenges and Threats of Russia's National Payment System in the Context of Deglobalization
Tian Miao. The Direction of Xi Jinping's International Policy: the Essence and Main Problems
Musaev M.T. Factors of Development of the Spiritual and Ideological Threat to Missionary Work in the Context of Globalization
Serik Aman. The Role of the CSTO and the SCO in Ensuring the Security of the Countries of Central Asia
Arshad Ghulam Kader. Ethnic Politics in Afghanistan
Ermilov N.S. The Role of the UN Secretary General in Conflict Settlement
Kuzyakin A.G. The Regional Office for Europe as the Main Actor for Who in the Eurasian Region (Program of Work and Current Activities)
Chen Hanzhi. 20th CPC Congress and Personnel Policy in the Context of the New Central Steering Group
Chzhan Chen`I. Political Cold and Economic Heat: a Study of Sino-Australian Relations
Yazan Hearbake. Features of China's Geoeconomic Strategies on the African Continent
Abdrakhimov L.G. Processes of National Security Strategy Development in Russia and China
Tsakhilova L.M. Transformation of the Concept of International Security in Modern Geopolitical Conditions
STUDENT SCIENCE
Litvinenko D.V., Volzhanin D.A., Fayzulina A.A. Electoral Systems of the UK and France: Markers of Efficiency and Representativeness
Radionova E.A. The Role of the Privy Council in the Colonial Policy of Great Britain
Smetanin M.S. On the Question of Russia's National Interests in the Conditions of the Emerging World Order
Bakanina D.A., Baranova Y.V., Leonova A.A. Prospeсts and Challenges of Economic Integration of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
Nozdrin A.A., Krazhan A.S., Shelest A.A., Tantcura M.S. Anti-Corruption Compliance Policy in the Representation of American and Western European Law
Jiang Shiwang. Language Policy of the Republic of Belarus
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.001
G. KAMENSKAYA Ph.D. (Political), Leading Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
LIBERALISM: CLASSIC AND POSTMODERN
Modern theories of gender diversity and the right of the individual to freely determine one's gender, as well as the BLM movement, which had a wide resonance in the United States and beyond, claim to be the heirs and continuers of the liberal tradition of fighting for freedom. However, in their essence they act as a radical denial of the heritage of classical Modernism in its understanding of freedom, purpose and meaning of history. The society of Modernity, with a belief in the unity of the historical destiny of mankind, is being replaced by a postmodern society that has abandoned metanarratives, putting forward the struggle for the rights of various kinds of minorities as the main political theme, the rejection of the concept of norms in culture and art, of universalization as such and, ultimately, of history, i.e. from the humanistic content of Modern.
Key words: liberalism, freedom, moral autonomy, Modern postmodern, sacral vertical, "risk society".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.002
P.P. ANOSHKIN Senior Lecturer of the Philosophy Department Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
THE STATE AND WAR IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF N.A. BERDYAEV
This article presents the views of the famous Russian thinker N.A. Berdyaev on the development and functioning of the state under conditions of preparation and waging war.
The purpose of the article is to carry out systematization and reconstruction of N.A. Berdyaev's views on the problem of correlation of the state and war, to show its relevance and significance for modern political science and philosophy. In this regard, the author of the work shows the military sphere of state life, its meaning and purpose, outlines the classification of wars proposed by N.A. Berdyaev, examines the relationship of the nature of war with the socio-political system of the state, the war is shown as a being basis, the way of implementing state interests and goals, analyzes the main directions of state policy in preparation for war put forward by N.A. Berdyaev.
To write the article the author studied the works of N.A. Berdyaev, representatives of foreign and domestic political thought and modern authors devoted to the problems of war and state. An analysis of different approaches to understanding the problem was conducted. Philosophical methods, historical and logical methods, hermeneutic, normative-value, sociological, anthropological and others were used in the course of work on the article.
In this article, the author showed that N.A. Berdyaev's approaches to understanding the relationship between the state and war are largely identical to the Marxist and rationalist methodologies.
In addition, the article shows the most important aspects of the life of the state in the preparation and conduct of the war, which, practically, have not been discussed previously in the public press.
The systematization and reconstruction of Berdyaev's approaches to understanding of the state and war carried out by the author of the article allows using its results in further research.
Key words: state and war, military policy of the state, (war), peace, capitalism, world order, morality and justice.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.003
N.M. VELIKAYA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of Science and Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
IDEOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DOMINANTS OF CONSOLIDATION OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY AND STATE
Based on the results of the sociological monitoring "How are you living, Russia?" (1995-2022), the actual foundations of the political consolidation of Russian society are revealed, which is considered as providing consensus on the attitudes of political behavior and political goals of the state.
On one hand, the analysis of the ideological priorities of Russian society allows us to make a conclusion about the eclectic worldview of modern Russians. On the other, it also represents the reproduction of the system of political values.
It is shown that the efforts made by the state to construct the concept of the Russian world influenced the assessment of actions and trust in various state and socio-political institutions. At the same time, the maximum trust that society demonstrates in relation to the presidential power is associated with the personalization of power and is not coherent with the level of trust in other political institutions.
Key words: consolidation, ideology, values, political institutions, presidential power, political parties.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.004
A.P. PETROV Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
G.B. PRONCHEV Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Sociology at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
HYBRID WAR AGAINST RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION FOR THE DENACIIFICATION AND DEMILITARIZATION OF UKRAINE (ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING)
The article is devoted to the problems associated with the hybrid war carried out by the collective West in the context of a special military operation for the denazification and demilitarization of Ukraine. In addition to purely military clashes, the collective West involves all non-military ("hidden") forms of warfare: covert involvement of third-party armed groups, economic and socio-humanitarian confrontation, media support, the use of destructive socio-political technologies, the use of the national issue.
The paper proposes a mathematical model of hybrid warfare combining military and non-military ("hidden") forms of confrontation between the two states. Three typical scenarios of hybrid warfare are considered: 1) an armed conflict with a full-fledged victory of one of the parties, 2) an armed conflict with a pyrrhic victory, 3) a cold war. Numerical experiments were carried out on the basis of the proposed model, showing that in the case of a military confrontation, the key variable in a hybrid war is a military resource, and in the case of a non-military one, state stability. In the latter case, low state stability leads to a decrease in both economic and military resources.
The article is of interest to specialists dealing with the problems of hybrid wars, mathematical modeling of socio-political processes.
Key words: hybrid war, mathematical modeling, hybrid war scenarios, information war, economic component of hybrid war, socio-humanitarian component of hybrid war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.005
F.A. YUNUSOV Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, Professor Non-state educational private institution of additional professional education Russian Academy of Medical and Social Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
FACTORS OF SOCIAL ILL-BEING AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH STATE POLICY IN THE REGION (UDMURT REPUBLIC)
The article presents the main directions of the state regional policy in the Udmurt Republic in the context of the analysis of the factors of social disadvantage in the region. The essence of the concept of "social disadvantage" is defined. The factors of social ill-being in the Udmurt Republic are described. The analysis of regional programs of socio-economic development of the region in the field of health care and demography, family policy, prevention of negative social phenomena in children, adolescents and youth was carried out. The characteristic of regional specifics of social trouble in the Udmurt Republic is given. The problems of mismatch of indicators of social development, insufficient interdepartmental interaction of executive authorities, socio-political institutions and civil society in solving the problems of social development of the region are revealed. A set of measures is proposed to improve legislation in the field of public health protection, to introduce interdepartmental programs for the social development of the region, aimed at reducing the factors of social ill-being in the region.
Key words: social trouble, social problems, poverty, unemployment, family trouble, state policy, social programs, interdepartmental interaction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.006
N.P. BRODSKAYA Cand. Of Science (Politics), Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – PERSONAL SECURITY ISSUES
The study is devoted to the actual phenomenon of the modern world – artificial intelligence. The article deals with the problems of the formation and application of AI technologies in the modern social space and the possible risks of their application. Particular attention is paid to the impact of AI technologies on the formation of public opinion and political preferences based on well-known social platforms. The topical issue of the correct use of a large array of personal data in the context of the application of modern AI practices is touched upon. Some aspects of the concept of an universal basic income and the prospects for its implementation against the background of the introduction of AI technologies are analyzed.
Key words: artificial intelligence, AI technologies, deep learning, digital footprint, personal data, universal basic income.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.007
O.Y. ADAMS PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science at the Department of Global Studies, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CORRUPTION STUDIES IN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: THEORIES AND APPROACHES
Corruption studies and assessment of anticorruption efforts remain high on the political and academic agenda in the PRC. Western academia offers a wealth of approaches to study of deviant political behavior, varying from the ‘rational choice’ theory to ‘corrupting’ influence of new economic actors. In China these and many other theories are necessarily augmented with the study of political culture in combination with a single-party political system’s conditions (including the question of its’ control), maintaining the high party moral standards and efficiency of ‘clean government’ system-building. Kenneth Jowitt’s ‘organizational approach to political culture’ and Andrew Walder’s theory of ‘communist neotraditionalism’ are among the most widely known.
Key words: corruption, international problem, political culture, organizational approach, PRC, CPC, "incorruptible government", theories of corruption, "communist neo-traditionalism".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.008
S.I. GALIEVA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
THE ROLE OF NON-STATE ACTORS IN IMPLEMENTING STATE POLICY OF CRIME PREVENTION
More active participation of non-state actors in implementing various directions of states' internal policies has been a trend of last decades. The article deals with the role of non-state actors in implementing state policy of crime prevention. NGOs, expert communities, mass-media, religious bodies, volunteer militia and private security companies have been identified as main non-state actors engaged in implementing specified state policy, and pecularities of their activities in crime prevention field have been analyzed.
Key words: crime prevention, state policy of crime prevention, implementation of state policy of crime prevention, non-state actors.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.009
M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and National Security Institute of Law and national security of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
THE SYSTEM OF INTERDEPARTMENTAL ELECTRONIC INTERACTION (SIEV) IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Currently, the Government of the Russian Federation is working on the state information platform "Electronic Government", which was created to ensure the efficiency of data processing and the organization of a system of interdepartmental electronic interaction. At the same time, this platform is constantly transforming and moving to a level that meets the requirements of the time. Artificial intelligence is used in building chains of interdepartmental interaction, and new elements of cooperation between departments are being built.
The article is aimed at assessing the system of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SIEV) in the structure of the electronic government of the Russian Federation, as well as identifying its shortcomings that hinder the work of the state apparatus of Russia.
Key words: e-government, interdepartmental electronic interaction, digitalization, management information, information system, biometrics, development prospects.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.010
D.Ts. BUDAEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Management of the Buryat State University named after Dorji Banzarov Ulan-Ude, Russia
G.A. DONIROVA Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor Department of National and Federative Relations IGSU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL (INTER-ETHNIC) CONSENT OF THE PEOPLES OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECT
The article reveals the factors that had a significant impact on the formation of interethnic (interethnic) consent of the peoples of Transbaikalia and Buryatia at the stage of the first meetings of European pioneers and the autochthonous population. It is emphasized that the skills of sustainable interaction between the peoples of the studied regions, laid down during their initial contacts, have turned into skills for the stability of interethnic relations.
The paper states that the norms and standards of a calm perception of the dichotomy "We" and "They", originally laid down in Buryatia and Transbaikalia, were transferred to the southern part of the Far East. The main conductors of this process were the Cossacks, the plowed peasantry and the Old Believers, who lived for a number of centuries in Transbaikalia and Buryatia, and resettled to the East of the country as part of the migration policy of the Russian state in the second half of the 19th century.
The article concludes that the foundations of interethnic (interethnic) harmony, formed at the beginning in Transbaikalia and Buryatia and then transformed into the southern regions of the Far East, currently play a large role in maintaining the ethnopolitical stability of the Far Eastern Federal District, located in the area of geopolitical interests five foreign countries.
Key words: interethnic (interethnic) harmony, interethnic relations, Far East, Far Eastern Federal District, Transbaikalia, Buryatia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.011
B.A. UROKOV Head of department of the Republican spiritual and educational center of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE LEADER IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NEW UZBEKISTAN
The article considers the image of the head of the civil service not as a mechanical set of unique features of the individual, but as a stereotyped image of the head, i.e. a fusion of its socially typical properties. When it comes to image, the obligatory presence of people who perceive this quality is implied. An image is an actively created idea of oneself among others. At the same time, the process of perception depends on the characteristics of both the bearer of the image and the social groups on which this impact is directed. Their relationship is a certain interaction, manifested in evaluating each other and changing any characteristics.
Key words: image, leader, head, function, society, democracy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.012
V.N. DAVYDOV Candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for modern policy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
TUAN АNH NGUYEN Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
A.L. ZOTKINA Master of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING THE POLITICAL STABILITY OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
The subject of the study is the analysis of the role of social networks as a factor in ensuring the political stability of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The authors of the article prove the importance of studying political stability in Vietnam. It was found out that social media is a communicative and information technology and analyzed the key trends in the functioning of social media as a mechanism of political stability in modern Vietnamese society. Having defined the concept and importance of this phenomenon, an example of the involvement of society in destabilizing political processes due to the use of social networks is shown. Based on the analysis of the degree of involvement of users of social networks, the central dilemma of political stability in modern Vietnamese society is proved.
The novelty of the research consists in the generalization of political science, sociological and psychological concepts of political stability, characterizing the impact of the media on the stability of the political system. Through the prism of the analysis of the information and communication subsystem of the Vietnamese political system, the necessity of systematically informing the population about the activities of state authorities, political forces and comprehensive objective coverage of the problems of society and their solutions is proved. The conclusions and recommendations of the study can be used in the activities of state and municipal structures for working with the media, and can also serve as a basis for adjusting the information policy of both state and public structures.
Key words: Vietnam, Internet users, social networks, political stability, involvement of respondents, stability of the political system, involvement of users of social networks, political processes, the role of social networks in political processes, information and communication subsystem of the Vietnamese political system, Vietnamese society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.013
A.A. SAMOSYUK Research Associate, Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN WORLD ORDER AS A FACTOR OF CHANGING THE MILITARY POLICY OF THE STATE
The article discusses the current aspects of the transformation of the modern world order from the perspective of changing the balance of power between key geopolitical players. The purpose of the article is to analyze the significance of the process of geopolitical changes and the evolution of the world order for the further development of the military policy of the Russian state. In accordance with this goal, the article solves the tasks of specifying the key trends in the development of the current military-political situation of the world, analyzes the factors of transformation of the world order, determines their significance for the evolution of the military policy of the state. Based on the apparatus of general scientific methods (analysis, system method, inductive-deductive approach), as well as the method of event analysis, the article examines the characteristics of the current military-political situation in the world, which is the starting point for the construction of the state's military policy. As a result, conclusions are drawn that the high risk-taking significance of modern geopolitical processes for ensuring the national security of the Russian state. The development of the world community is undergoing qualitative changes. With a considerable degree of confidence, it can be assumed that humanity is on the threshold of a new cycle of geopolitical transformation of the world order. This can lead to the chaoticization of the previously established system of international relations. Conceptualization of the military policy of the Russian Federation at the present time should be carried out taking into account the current trends of transformation of the modern world order, which is in a state of transit from a monocentric model (unipolarity) to a polycentric (multipolarity).
Key words: geopolitics, military power, national security, military-political situation, balance of power.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.014
A.А. GERASIMENKO Graduate student, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Omsk, Russia
THE MAIN CHANNELS OF DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION IN THE MEDIA, INFLUENCING POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN MODERN RUSSIA
The rapid processes of digitalization are spreading to all spheres of human life, the political processes of modern Russia are also subject to these changes, so the question of the relevance of the influence of the media through various channels of information dissemination in the context of digitalization is quite acute. Of particular interest are the issues of the influence of Internet media on political transformations in the country, at present this area is in the process of development, but a certain practice of using Internet media in politics has already developed. However, this issue remains little studied, in particular, few works are devoted to the topic of the influence of Internet media on political processes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of information dissemination channels in the media on political transformations in the country. The objectives of the study are: analysis of information distribution channels in the media and determination of their degree of influence on the political transformations of modern Russia. The research methods used in solving the research tasks are as follows: analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization, observation. According to the results of the study, it was found that television and the Internet have a significant impact on the political transformations of modern Russia, however, despite the fact that television has always been the leading channel for distributing information in the political sphere, in recent years, priorities have changed in favor of the Internet media. The conclusions obtained from studies of independent news agencies, Internet portals, communities and instant messengers made it possible to establish a high degree of influence on political processes in the country.
Key words: media, media functions, traditional media, online media, information distribution channels, political transformations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.015
I.N. MORUGINA Postgraduate, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AGENDA DURING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN TO THE STATE DUMA IN 2021
This article discusses the features of the formation of the political agenda during the election campaign to the State Duma in 2021. It is noted that a change in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in terms of the terms of office of the President of the Russian Federation had a special impact on this process, as well as on the entire election campaign in 2021. In addition, the dominance of the official point of view in public discourse during this period did not contribute to the emergence of balanced and alternative options for solving complex problems as priority political issues. It is concluded that the main features of the formation of the political agenda during the election campaign to the State Duma in 2021 should include: firstly, the monopoly role of the presidency in its formation; secondly, the inability of political parties to independently influence the process of its formation; thirdly, the dependence of the political agenda on situational factors of its formation and the point of view of the executive branch on these factors.
Key words: politics, political agenda, election campaign, President of the Russian Federation, State Duma, political parties, executive power, political discourse.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.016
D.V. POTAPOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
CHANGING THE INTERPRETATIONS OF MODELS OF POLITICAL REGIMES
The article reveals the terminological meaning of the concepts and models of political regimes. The purpose of the article is to contribute to a better understanding of the models and types of political regimes depending on the time, country and alignment of political forces. A variety of interpretations of political regimes reveals their significant transformation, political relations, political cooperation, complex and conflict strategies. The terms "republic", "democracy", "dictatorship" and "authoritarianism" appeared in literature in the middle of the 18th century, however, these terms often had a completely different meaning. Therefore, the comparison of changing interpretations and scientific discourse in the assessment of political regimes should contribute to the development of more accurate ideas about the directions of political processes in various regions of the world.
Key words: political regime, autocracy, totalitarianism, democracy, power, management.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.017
E.N. KARATUEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia
MODELS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
Local self-government in Latin American countries demonstrates the specific features of the interaction of the governing structures of the local political bureaucracy with public authorities. The continental and Iberian systems of local self-government formed in the countries of the region are expressed in building a centralized vertical of power relations at all administrative levels.
The article is devoted to the study of the process of evolution of democratic changes in the system of local self-government of the Latin American continent and the emerging hierarchy in state-municipal relations.
Key words: Latin America, public administration, local government, municipal government, mayor, alcalde.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.018
L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor at ISAA Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of political sciences, Leading researcher Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia
JAPAN: THE ART OF UNITED A NATION BY GIFT EXCHANGE
On the example of the traditional national Japanese custom of exchanging gifts with each other, the article discusses the features of the implementation of the social phenomenon of nation rallying. Such a tradition, rooted in the foundations of interpersonal relations in society, is woven from the ideals of Confucianism, Shintoism, Buddhism and, to a certain extent, Christianity. In many countries of the world, after natural disasters, earthquakes, fires, floods, various kinds of marauders begin to actively operate, there are rampant robberies of what the inhabitants still have in their destroyed houses, chaos and lawlessness ensue. There is nothing like this in Japan – there is not a single report of looting or robbery in the media.
Moreover, somewhere the owners of grocery stores even reduce the prices of food products, and the owners of vending machines selling food and water generally open them for general use. The Japanese help each other, bask together by the fires, fairly share food among themselves, give each other a place in the queue.
This behavior can be explained by the special nature of interpersonal relationships in Japanese society. Firstly, the Japanese feel they are "in the same boat", every Japanese knows that he is part of a single social system, a certain social group, which corresponds to a certain style of behavior in it. In Japan, it is not customary, for example, to demonstrate your condition or draw attention to your feelings – when you feel bad, hold on and do not show it. Secondly, the country has a low crime rate, an effective police force and a humane punishment system that tries to return the stumbled person back to normal society, and not harm him through punishment.
And the main thing, of course, is that the Japanese feel themselves to be a single people – not in words, not in slogans, but in deeds. A united, close-knit Japanese nation is psychologically accustomed to defending itself from the inside, using its traditional methods, trying to lend a shoulder to its neighbor in difficult times, express sympathy, and deliver, among other things, the joy of giving gifts. The donation mechanism is described in detail in this article.
Key words: unity of the nation, the formation of interpersonal relations, the tradition of taking care of each other, the ritual of exchanging gifts, the duty to express one's gratitude, New Year's cards "nengadze", set expressions when writing "nengadze", rules for exchanging gifts on special mourning occasions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.019
I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
STATE SOVEREIGNTY VS POLICY OF DIGITAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL NEOCOLONIALISM
The peculiarity of the definition of state and digital sovereignty is emphasized. The specifics of the state confrontation in the international arena are noted, which is manifested in its hybrid nature, and in the conditions of financial, technological and digital neocolonization of a significant number of countries of the world, the struggle for recognition of technical standards created by individual states and large corporations is unfolding on more technologically-oriented international platforms, which exacerbates the problem of ensuring the digital sovereignty of the modern state.
The intensive introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into international and socio-political practice, as well as technological solutions based on algorithms of self-learning neural networks, deserves special consideration.
Key words: Digital sovereignty, cybersecurity, NATO, artificial intelligence, technological sovereignty, Internet, Russia, state sovereignty, China, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.020
S.N. GRINYAEV Doctor of Technical Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of Integrated Security of the Fuel and Energy Complex of National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Russia
D.A. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of MSLU, Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF MULTILATERAL COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC IN NEW GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS
The article discusses the impact of the growing geopolitical confrontation on the transformation of institutions of multilateral cooperation in the Arctic region. The authors attempt to identify and systematize the main trends of institutional changes in the region, as well as to determine the role and place of the Arctic Council in the new geopolitical conditions. The strategies of the key powers in the Arctic and their strategic aspirations towards international institutions in the region are also described, as well as the analysis of the influence of the geopolitical agenda on the nature of international cooperation in the region is carried out. In addition, the authors predict the conditions caused by the institutional crisis of the Arctic Council and other key regional organizations, including the strengthening of the role of non-Arctic states and the politicization of international institutions. It is stated that the legal provisions regulating the activities of the Arctic Council and their focus on excluding the influence of the political agenda on the functioning of the institute. Despite this fact, there is an intensification of the activities of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, in this regard, the threat of militarization of the Arctic region, as well as the isolation of the largest Arctic power from representing its interests in the international stage, without the enforcement of its voting rights, decision-making within the Arctic Council and other regional organizations is not possible.
Key words: Arctic, international institutions, regional cooperation, geopolitics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.021
I.O. KARACHIN Head of Staff, Communications Director-Agency for strategic initiatives; Candidate of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE POLITICAL STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
This article analyzes the political status of the Russian language in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. We are talking about the Russian language as the main way of interethnic communication within the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on a detailed study of the purpose of the creation of the EAEU, the main areas of interethnic communication, both official and unofficial interaction, were identified. During the analysis of the regulatory legal acts of the EAEU, the procedure for the use of language and language formalities in the presented area has been established. The author pays special attention to historical and political-social facts in the process of development of the EAEU, as a basis for forming the language environment.
Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, Russian language, interethnic communication, Russian Federation, EAEU.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.022
A.V. CHAEVICH Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Maritime Law and International Law, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Law Institute, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE NEW MARITIME DOCTRINE IN ENSURING ITS NATIONAL SECURITY
This article analyzes the role of the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation in 2022 as a strategic planning document defining the state policy in the field of maritime activities in ensuring its national security. The new Maritime Doctrine took into account important changes and new trends in the international situation that affect the interests of the Russian Federation in the oceans. The key provision of the Doctrine was the definition and classification of Russia's national interests, as well as the identification of the main threats and challenges to ensure it. In order to protect national interests in maritime activities, the Maritime Doctrine assumes the expansion of Russia's economic, research and naval presence in various areas of the World.
Key words: Maritime doctrine of the Russian Federation, national interests, vital interests, threats and risks to national security in maritime activities, military force, navy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.023
A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
A.O. VORON-KOVALSKAYA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia
SCENARIO OF "INTEGRATION OF INTEGRATIONS" OF GREATER ASIA: THE WAY FROM THE EURASIAN CHORD TO THE FORMATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PAN-EURASIAN PLATFORM
In this article, the authors addressed an urgent problem – the policy of forming a comprehensive pan – Eurasian platform in the Eurasian space of Greater Asia. Increasingly, the attention of politicians and scientists is attracted by the Indo-Pacific region, which is considered to be more prospective than the Asia-Pacific region. The Indo-Pacific region refers to the vast expanse of the sea, including the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Active attention caused by several factors: the growing influence of India on the world economy and the need for its incorporation into the processes of the Asia-Pacific region, the increase in maritime trade flows and the demand for transport routes of the Indian Ocean, the interpenetration of the spheres of influence of China and India. The concept of «Indo-Pacifica» reflects the increased geopolitical role of the Indian Ocean in global politics. Today, the Indo-Pacific region, especially, attracts the attention of three countries fighting for leadership in it: USA, China, India. India's interest in this region is conditioned by geographical and economic reasons, however, there are a number of factors preventing the state from succeeding in the issue of dominance. One of these factors is the need to compete with the stronger economies of the USA and China, which are also interested in their presence and control over the main processes.
Key words: APR, the concept of the «Indo-Pacific region», Indo-Pacific Economic Framework Strategy, USA, China, India, SCO, ASEAN.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.024
E.S. CHIMIRIS Candidate of Political Sciences, researcher, Department of Global Issues, INION RAN; director, Center for social and political studies, IIRIP VAVT, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIAN AND WESTERN SOFT POWER STRATEGIES. IMPLICIT VS. EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
The article attempts to apply the typology of knowledge acquisition processes to the analysis of the features of the application of "soft power" methods by Russia and Western countries. Given the fact that the “soft power” tools are connected, among other things, with an attempt to influence the creation of a certain model of political culture in another country, the authors conclude that the reason for the differences in approaches to “soft power” lies primarily in the features social modeling methods. We take the concept of political culture of V.M. Sergeev and N.I. Biryukov, as a theoretical basis. Political culture includes ontology, values, and practices. It is also supplemented by a conceptual distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge, which allows us to propose a typology according to the type of transmission of political culture in the framework of the application of “soft power” policy. The authors conclude that the Russian “soft power” is primarily focused on implicit transfer of values, while the Western world focuses on the explicit transfer of practices. In the first case, the assessment of specific results is difficult due to the inability to operationalize the process of knowledge transfer, as well as to reliably identify the fact of obtaining knowledge by simple methods. A possible way out of this situation could be a reorientation of the Russian approach to “soft power” towards explicit translation of practices.
Key words: “soft power”, post-Soviet space, political culture, implicit knowledge, performance evaluation, Russia, USA, European Union.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.025
N.S. BYCHKOVA Lecturer, Faculty of Global Studie Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION AND HUMAN SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has had an impact on all spheres of human life and society, including the security sector. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is a biogenic challenge on a global scale, the purpose of the article is to identify possible tools to ensure human security in the context of the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of the article are to analyze the essence of the concept of human security, its place in modern international relations; to identify the tools that would contribute to reducing the negative effects of the pandemic on human security at the international level. The analysis of documents and scientific articles made it possible to trace the formation and evolution of the concept of human security, to come to the conclusion that a possible tool for ensuring human security is the further development of international humanitarian cooperation on an equal and mutually beneficial basis. The article highlights the most significant barriers and negative factors hindering the development of international humanitarian cooperation to ensure human security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most significant negative factor is the lack of coordination of the efforts of individual States on a global scale.
Key words: human security, international humanitarian cooperation, COVID-19, pandemic.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.026
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.V. GRISHKINA Master’s Degree Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF RUSSIA'S NATIONAL PAYMENT SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF DEGLOBALIZATION
Currently, the world economy is being reformatted. After the end of World War II, as world trade developed as part of the intensification of international relations, which occurred mainly due to the expansion of transport and logistics capabilities due to scientific and technological progress, the world economy became more and more global.
Key words: Russia, NPS, World, deglobalization, payment systems, sanctions, SWIFT.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.027
TIAN MIAO Ph.D., graduate student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, RUDN, Moscow, Russia
THE DIRECTION OF XI JINPING'S INTERNATIONAL POLICY: THE ESSENCE AND MAIN PROBLEMS
The international policy built by Xi Jinping has a strong cultural basis for the development of the Chinese nation. Since 2013, the state has been actively taking the vector of its development in the international arena in the direction of optimizing economic, political, social and other relations. The simultaneous direction of development of the whole world must be correlated with the general prosperity of the state, preserving values and increasing its own power through the commitment of socialism with Chinese specifics.
The article presents a brief analysis of the origins of modern international policy with a focus on its reformation in the XXI century. The current principles of China's international policy are considered to form a conclusion regarding the chosen direction of Xi Jinping's international policy, which leads to the development of the state.
Key words: China, Xi Jinping, politics, development, international development, problems, prospects.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.028
M.T. MUSAEV Independent researcher Institute for Social and Spiritual Research at the Republican Center for Spirituality and Education, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPIRITUAL AND IDEOLOGICAL THREAT TO MISSIONARY WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
This article analyzes the ideas of the globalization of the missionary classification. The article also discusses the classification of the principles of classification of missionary mechanisms in the context of globalization on the basis of the relevant areas of the state and society, the features of the historical genesis of the basic concepts of missiology are actualized in modern discussions on missionary service. The article also notes that missionary work and proselytism are currently manifested as a form of expansion in accordance with geopolitical theory. The growing number of ideological platforms where missionary and proselytized movements have become more active in the XXI century makes it clear that the prevention and elimination of these movements is one of the most acute problems in a number of countries around the world.
Key words: globalization, spirituality, idea, ideology, missionary work, security, stability.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.029
SERIK AMAN Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE CSTO AND THE SCO IN ENSURING THE SECURITY OF THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA
The article shows that increasing cooperation between such regional structures as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) could set new standards for military-political interaction and play a stabilizing role in the development of the situation in Central Asia, as well as would help form an effective partnership to respond to new challenges and threats in this region. It is emphasized that the most important priority for Russia remains the preservation of the sovereignty of the states - allies in the CSTO, the EAEU and the CIS, as well as their ability to independently make foreign policy decisions based on all geopolitical factors. The author states the fact that in the Eurasian space the process of creating socio-economic relations has actually begun according to the formula "prosperity in the unity of diversity", based on the principles of expediency, mutual assistance and mutual respect.
Key words: International security, SCO, Central Asia, CSTO, international relations, CIS, Russia, Regional security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.030
ARSHAD GHULAM KADER Postgraduate student of the department of history of state and law Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ETHNIC POLITICS IN AFGHANISTAN
Given the ongoing war in Afghanistan, whenever the issue of "ethnicity" is raised, different opinions and ideas come to mind. On the one hand, there are many journalists such as Ahmed Rashid, as well as researchers such as and politicians such as Colin Powell and Yushka Fischer, who describe the conflict in Afghanistan as ethnic. On the other hand, most Afghan politicians always deny this important issue because of their origins and ethnic ties. Against this background, in this article I intend to discuss the concept of ethnicity and its implications for the structure of the future system of Afghanistan.
Based on the hypothesis that ethnicity is the dominant trend in the Afghan conflict, it can be said that the peace and government process that emerged at the Petersburg-Ben conference in November 2001 was based on an ethnic approach. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the ethnicity of each political actor. In contrast to this approach, I strongly recommend that efforts be made in rebuilding political institutions to avoid inciting ethnicity in the political arena. The practice of ethnocentrism and ethnic quotas in the future government of Afghanistan will exacerbate the fragile and critical situation in Afghanistan instead of promoting sustainable peace. In this article, my main argument is that ethnic groups cannot be seen as effective and useful sources of unity and solidarity in Afghanistan. We must not forget that ethnicization took place during the wars in Afghanistan, but the nation-building of the masses was always unsuccessful. It is not too late to curb the abuse of ethnicity in the political reconstruction of Afghanistan rather than promoting ethnicity as a "solution".
Key words: Nationality, Politics, Religion, Government, War, Afghan.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.031
N.S. ERMILOV Postgraduate Student, Department of Foreign Regional Studies and International Cooperation, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE UN SECRETARY GENERAL IN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT
Conflicts arising at the global level are often of an international nature and are accompanied by the emergence of disagreements, which, according to the UN Charter, can only be resolved peacefully by the UN Secretary-General, guided by the exclusion of possible global threats, which is enshrined in the purposes of the UN Charter regarding the peaceful resolution of international disputes, the continuation of which could threaten the maintenance of international peace and security. The purpose of the study is to study the role of the UN Secretary General in conflict resolution. The objectives of the study include: to consider the functions of the UN Secretary General in conflict resolution, to systematize the main achievements of officials who held the post of UN Secretary General at different times. The research methods were analysis, generalization, systematization of scientific sources on the research problem.
The article reveals the capabilities of UN bodies in solving world conflicts, the regulatory component of the elements of law focused on the resolution of international disputes and the maintenance of international peace and security, as well as the importance of the work of the UN Secretaries-General since the establishment of this organization, including the contents of the UN Archive.
Key words: UN secretariat structure, United Nations, government delegations, UN Secretary General, UN Member States, traditional concepts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.032
A.G. KUZYAKIN Ph.D. candidate, Humanities Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE AS THE MAIN ACTOR FOR WHO IN THE EURASIAN REGION (PROGRAM OF WORK AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES)
Goals: Study of the current activities of the Regional Office for Europe, as the main subject of the World Health Organization in the Eurasian region.
Tasks: 1) Identification of the priorities of WHO, its representative offices in the Eurasian region; 2) Analysis of the work program of the E Bureau; 3) Review of current WHO-Europe activities.
Methodology: A systematic approach, analysis of WHO's activities in the Eurasian region within a single organizational structure. Methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, differentiation and comparison.
Results: The current program of the Regional Office for Europe has been formed taking into account the most pressing challenges and in the context of common priorities previously approved by WHO itself. The practical expression of the principles and tasks outlined in it is the work of the European Bureau, implemented today, directly related to the priorities outlined in the program.
In the process of formalized work, WHO-Europe continued to work on establishing global and regional partnerships with a wide range of organizations
Conclusions: The WHO Regional Office for Europe covers the most extensive region of Eurasia and includes 53 States in Europe and Central Asia. Its current priorities and real activities are focused on ensuring health. This makes it possible to influence different spheres of government activity, and to develop a wide range of partnerships. Accompanied by a good positive dynamics of its performance indicators in the region, the European Regional.
Key words: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Eurasian region, international actors, program of work.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.033
CHEN HANZHI Intern at the Chinese Institute of International Studies, China
20TH CPC CONGRESS AND PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CENTRAL STEERING GROUP
This article is devoted to the analysis of the personnel decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPC of China, which seems to be an important aspect in the context of the expansion of the political and economic influence of the PRC. The Communist Party maintains its leading role in Chinese society, having strengthened organizationally and ideologically over a century of existence. The central political elite (the top leadership) of the CPC forms the internal and external course of the state, the personality of the most significant positions, their specifics and changes in key characteristics are essential, so the study of this area is important when analyzing the political elite as a subject of world politics.
Key words: political elite, global politics, PRC, foreign policy course, key positions, political comparison.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.034
CHZHAN CHEN`I Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL COLD AND ECONOMIC HEAT: A STUDY OF SINO-AUSTRALIAN RELATIONS
This article examines the causes of the “political cold and economic heat” in Sino-Australian relations, analyzes certain areas of bilateral relations. The study aims to determine the motives for the expansion of China's influence in the South Pacific region. The identified problems and trends of China's foreign policy in the context of relations with Australia and island countries in the current political moment actualize this issue from the point of view of global security and internal political stability. The obtained result of the study allows us to determine the main attitudes in the international courses of island countries and predict the trend of development of Sino-Australian relations in the future and after the new Labor government comes to power.
Key words: international relations, Sino-Australian relations, political interaction, South Pacific region, security, geopolitical influence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.035
YAZAN HEARBAKE Graduate student of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF CHINA'S GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT
China views Africa as the centerpiece of a project to sustain the growth and development of China's economy in the long term, as Africa is an important source of China's resource supply with its growing demand for raw materials.
The article presents the characteristics of China's geo-economic strategies on the African continent.
The importance of Africa lies in China's desire to strengthen its economic influence in a globalized world that is moving towards a transformation of the economic system.
Purpose: Analysis of China's geo-economic strategies in Africa and identification of the most important tools and technologies that it uses to expand its influence on the African continent.
Key words: geo-economic strategies, America, Africa, China, mineral wealth and raw materials.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.036
L.G. ABDRAKHIMOV Candidate of science degree, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
PROCESSES OF NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AND CHINA
The article examines the peculiarities of national security strategy development processes in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The author notes that the processes of developing national security strategies include such aspects as the analysis of foreign and domestic policy, the definition of targets, the study of the main vulnerable "points" of the states in terms of damage from outside, the development of strategic objectives and vectors of movement to them.
Key words: national security strategy, Russia PRC, development processes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.037
L.M. TSAKHILOVA PhD student, Department of Comparative Political Science, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IN MODERN GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS
The destabilization of the world order, the intensification of the struggle between the poles of power, the escalation and transformation of international military conflicts, which includes the hybridization of wars, the weakening of the role of the institute of international law, the emergence of new centers of power, led to a crisis of the international security system. In modern geopolitical conditions, with all the challenges and threats facing the world community, security factors, in particular international security, are becoming priorities on the political agenda of States. International security has long acquired a comprehensive character, and of course the security of each individual State is inextricably linked with the security of the international community as a whole. The article examines the historical component of the formation of the concept of security, and also pays attention to the factors influencing the transformation of the concept of security in the current political conditions.
Key words: international security, globalization, international law.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.038
D.V. LITVINENKO Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia
D.A. VOLZHANIN Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. FAYZULINA Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia
ELECTORAL SYSTEMS OF THE UK AND FRANCE: MARKERS OF EFFICIENCY AND REPRESENTATIVENESS
The article studies the electoral systems of Great Britain and France from the standpoint of efficiency and representativeness. The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of using foreign experience in Russian practice based on the analysis of the electoral systems used during the parliamentary elections in the UK and France. The conceptual framework for the study has been developed. The analysis of electoral systems used in the course of parliamentary elections in Great Britain and France has been carried out. The results of the analysis of electoral systems have been interpreted. The practical significance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that the results of the analysis can be applied in Russian practice for holding elections at the federal level. It is noted that for the effectiveness of popular representation in the legislature, the principle of representing different political interests and social groups must be observed; the main factors contributing to the formation of a two-party system: the phenomenon of polarization and the phenomenon of underrepresentation. It was revealed that in the UK the majority system of relative majority, which is one of the simplest in Europe, occupies the most important place; during the parliamentary elections in France, there is a majoritarian electoral system of an absolute majority, which in the long run contributes to the political polarization of society and the formation of two large party coalitions. It is concluded that the two-party system, achieved in a free and democratic way with the help of a majoritarian electoral system, makes it possible to achieve effective popular representation and increase the level of political competition. This approach can also be applied in Russia, which will increase the effectiveness of federal elections.
Key words: majoritarian electoral system, proportional electoral system, Great Britain, France, Russia, parliamentary elections, change of power, popular representation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.039
E.A. RADIONOVA Student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL IN THE COLONIAL POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN
This article is devoted to determining the impact of the Privy Council on British colonial policy. The study aims at a comprehensive analysis of the functions of the Privy Council and its place in the structure of British politics. The relevance of the study is due to the small number of works that can be found on the chosen topic, although the influence of the Privy Council can hardly be underestimated both in the modern politics of Great Britain and in the retrospective. The paper examines the context of British colonial policy in the period from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, its powers and, in particular, appellate jurisdiction both during the heyday of the colonial empire and during the formation of the Commonwealth of Nations. The prospects of the Privy Council in the era of neo-colonial tendencies are analyzed. To achieve the goals set, methods of analyzing theoretical studies were used, as well as a systematic analysis of official sources of the British government. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in determining the influence of the Privy Council on British colonial policy and indicating the possibility of using British heritage to strengthen the culture of neo-colonialism. The analysis showed that starting from the end of the 17th century, the Privy Council had a huge influence on the overseas territories of the British Empire. However, there is already a crisis in the executive power of the Privy Council, which nevertheless does not detract from its institutional influence on British foreign policy. The presented analysis may be useful to a wide range of readers, including those interested in the study of British colonial policy.
Key words: the Privy Council, Great Britain, colonial policy, the Judicial Committee, Commonwealth of Nations, neo-colonialism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.040
M.S. SMETANIN Undergraduate of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
ON THE QUESTION OF RUSSIA'S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EMERGING WORLD ORDER
In the proposed publication, the author defines the actual national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of the transition of international relations to the regime of multipolarity and the loss of the US and Western countries of the position of the world military-political and cultural-ideological hegemon. Setting the goal of a clear designation of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of strengthening the sovereignty, territorial integrity and restoration of the "Russian World" on linguistic, ethnic and religious grounds, the author defines national interests in the most general form as a set of conditional needs and inalienable values of a historically established, united sociocultural ties and the social community organized into the state, the satisfaction and protection of which is objectively necessary for the future existence and development of the state. As practical measures necessary for the implementation of the interests indicated in the article at the global level, the implementation of a completely independent and independent policy, a more active participation of the country in international associations and organizations, and the achievement of economic sovereignty are indicated. In conclusion, it is concluded that the national interests of Russia should be based on the preservation and enhancement of the demographic potential, strengthening the internal and external security and defense capability of the state, sustainable economic, scientific and technological development.
Key words: national interests, unipolarity, multipolarity, sovereignty, democratization, special military operation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.041
D.A. BAKANINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Y.V. BARANOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. LEONOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
PROSPEСTS AND CHALLENGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus historically had sufficient prerequisites for successful integration. Both the cultural and historical proximity of the two peoples and the similarity of approaches to economic management contributed to its integration. 2022 has particularly vividly demonstrated the importance of strengthening economic cooperation between states on the basis of the Union State in the face of severe sanctions and pressure from the collective West. This article describes and analyzes the history of the formation and development of the Union State of Russia and Belarus after the collapse of the USSR, and also considers further prospects for the dynamics of Russian-Belarusian integration.
Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Union State, Eastern Partnership, collective West, economic cooperation, Russian-Belarusian integration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.042
A.A. NOZDRIN Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.S. KRAZHAN Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. SHELEST Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
M.S. TANTCURA Scientific adviser, candidate of political sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia
ANTI-CORRUPTION COMPLIANCE POLICY IN THE REPRESENTATION OF AMERICAN AND WESTERN EUROPEAN LAW
The search for a way to protect Russian companies from risks will always be relevant. In particular, compliance is a fairly new method of protection against corruption risks, which in Russia has not yet been fully introduced into the internal control system of many large companies. For its more correct implementation in the anti-corruption legislation of Russia, it is necessary to understand exactly what compliance is as a system in American and Western European legal theory, where compliance was established as a method of combating corruption at the end of the last century.
Key words: compliance, anti-corruption compliance, compliance system, anti-corruption legislation, Special Military Operation, compliance control.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.043
JIANG SHIWANG Master's Degree Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China
LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
In the article, the author examines the current trends of language policy in the Republic of Belarus in the context of the formation of international relations and the development of society within the country. The state's language policy is considered taking into account the implementation of national and international projects on the example of Belarusian-Russian and Belarusian-Chinese cooperation, as well as the organization of interaction with a number of other countries.
The paper analyzes not only the content of the language policy in Belarus, but also determines the prospects for the transformation of various spheres of public life, taking into account national priorities and the participation of the language component in them.
Key words: language policy, national identity, international cooperation, language situation, bilingualism, language barrier.