Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 12 (52), 2019.
CONTENTS
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICAL HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.001
YU.V. IRKHIN D.Sc. (philosophy), professor, Chair of Political Science and Political Governance, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; professor, Chair of Theoretical and Applied Political Science, Russian State University of Humanities, expert of IPSA, Moscow, Russia
70 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION: STAGES OF GENESIS AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE POLITICAL WORLD
The article comprehensively complex analyzed of the formation and genesis of the International Political Science Association (IPSA), conceptual meanings, principles and goals of its activities for 70 years of existence (1949-2019 years). The author used historical, institutional, comparative, values and geopolitics approaches, realized expert analysis. He identifies three main historical periods in the formation and development of the International Political Science Association: 1. Creation of the first national associations of the political science researchers and teachers (begin XX age – 1945 years). 2. Activities of the UNESCO Commission for the preparation of creation International Political Science Association and its founding conference (1946-1949 years). 3. The holding and realization twenty five World Congresses of the International Political Science Association during from 1950 to 2018 years. The author paid considerable attention to the analysis of significant role of world congresses of the International Political Science Association) in the genesis of IPSA and political studies.
Key words: International Political Science Association (IPSA), Russian Political Science Association (RAPN), world congresses of IPSA, history of political science.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.002
D.A. VOKHIDOV Teacher of the Institute of retraining and advanced training of public education workers named after A. Avloni, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
LEGITIMACY OF POWER AS A BASIC FACTOR OF MODERN SOCIETY STABILITY
The article considers modern factors that are forming legitimacy of power in the globalization era, formation mechanisms of the legitimacy of power. It should also be noted that it can hardly be said that it is of even medium level despite overall positive dynamics of the government legitimacy over the past three years. Only a significant increase in public confidence towards central executive bodies of the Federal government can be seen nowadays, but this trust depends on the effectiveness of this government branch if it is able to prove such effectiveness in the next few years.
Key words: legitimacy of power, globalization, state bodies, delegitimization, trust, concept.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.003
U TIN Post-graduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ON THE SCIENTIFIC CONNOTATION OF THE PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE COMMUNITY OF SHARED FUTURE FOR MANKIND
The public consciousness of the Community of shared future for mankind is the interdependence of the peoples of the world, based on the idea that “mankind has only one earth to live on, and countries have only one world to share.” As a kind of consciousness based on the interests of all mankind, it is an internal basis for promoting the development and spread of the Community of common destiny, it contains rich and deep connotations that are concentrated in the political consciousness, concentrating the principles of mutual respect, equality of business, open exchange and cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis. Economic consciousness, the search for mutual understanding while maintaining differences, an eclectic cultural consciousness, the coordination of the “green” and the environmental consciousness of sustainable development.
Key words: consciousness, Community of shared future for mankind, internal content, connotation, China.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.004
A.A. NIKOLENKO Graduate Institute of law and administration of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and service, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. TUCHKOV Professor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF CIVILIZATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST, IN THE CONCEPT OF S. HUNTINGTON AND N.I. DANILEVSKY
This article is devoted to the concepts of the civilizational approach, in the developments of S. Hangtington and N.Y. Danilevsky, two completely different views on the nature of civilization, on the place of Russia in the world. Nevertheless, there are similarities in the idea of isolation, «indescribability» of civilization, closeness and individual experience of each country in experiencing its civilizational scenario.
Key words: Russian local civilization, federalism, social process, transit of power, features, specificity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.005
V.N. DAVYDOV candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute of contemporary politics Peoples’ friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ALIENATION OF INFORMATION AS A POLITICAL AND LEGAL PROBLEM
Artificial intelligence in the service of espionage, covert control over dissent, invasion of citizens’ personal space and other back effects (costs) of the digital revolution have attracted the attention of our regular author. The alienation of information and the encroachment on intellectual property that accompany global communications require not only the improvement of international law, but also the compensation of damage to rights holders and creators of creative content.
Key words: copyright, artificial intelligence, intellectual property, IT-technologies, constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, private space, unconventional control, political communications, manipulation in the information space, NATO, Pentagon, FBI, «Forshungsamt», digital economy, CIA, Wikileaks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.006
A.M. BARSUKOV Candidate of Sciences in Politics, Assistant Dean of the politics faculty and international relations of the Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia
LOCAL REGIME IN AN URBAN SETTLEMENT: POLITICAL SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT IN AN INDUSTRIAL REGION
The article is devoted to the analysis of the local government reform`s impact in modern Russia on the political situation and problems of local politics at the settlement level. The article presents research approaches to studying local political regimes, preliminary findings and assessments of the influence of various factors on the political situation of urban settlements in the industrial region using the example of the Kemerovo region. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of urban and regional regimes, as well as the concept of principal-agent relations. The empirical basis of the testing hypothesis was expert interviews, electoral statistics, and document analysis, which revealed the particularities of the institutional choice of local government models and the configuration of power distribution at the micro level.
Key words: local government, local politics, local political regime, city regimes, municipalities of the Kemerovo region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.007
D.Yu. PETROV Senior lecturer of the Department of information Management, of the journalism Department, Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF LAND AND PROPERTY RELATIONS IN SHAPING STATE INFORMATION POLICY
The key issues of land and property relations in the context of the effective state information policy are considered. The author substantiates the need to create a unified accounting system of spatial data storage.
Key word: Information, policy, political processes, state information policy, land and property relations, civil society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.008
I.V. KUPRIYANOV Post-graduate student, the Public Policy Department, the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FEDERAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL DIRECTIONS OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THEIR INTERRELATION AND INTERACTION
The article analyzes the federal directions of the science and technology policy of the Russian Federation, its regional directions on the example of the Voronezh region, as well as its directions of municipalities with the status of a science town on the example of Dubna. The article pursues an attempt to determine the ways of interaction between different levels of governance in the field of scientific and technical cooperation, based on the identified similarities of their main science and technology policy directions, which are necessary for the implementation of a unified science and technology policy.
Key words: federal science and technology policy, regional science and technology policy, science and technology policy’s directions, science town, scientific and technical cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.009
V.N. KURKOV Post-graduate of the Department of Political Science and Political Аdministration, Institute of Social Sciences, the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
STATE POLICY OF ENSURING INFORMATION SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS
The article is devoted to the current problems of the Russian state policy in the sphere of information sovereignty. Mechanisms of counteraction of the prohibited information within system of various branches of the power are shown. By using the method of documents' analysis, the number of the main legislative initiatives in the mentioned sphere is considered. Besides the statistical data justifying the problematic nature of the situation are presented. Omissions in the sphere of ensuring the information and psychological component of the information sovereignty of the Russian Federation are noted, as well as number of appropriate response measures to the problem situation are presented. It is concluded that Russia currently has a legal framework to ensure sovereignty in the information sphere, which nevertheless require further improvement.
Key words: information sovereignty, information security, national security, regulation of information space, ICT.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.010
N. KISEL Post-graduate student of the comparative political science department the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
DIGITAL ECONOMY: WHO AND HOW IS BUILDING A NEW ECONOMIC REALITY?
The article reveals the key aspects of theoretical understanding of the digital economy, identifies the most significant concepts of the digital economy and the modern economic and political environment. On the example of the analysis of state policy and political support the features of the digital economy in Russia are revealed. Also, the author has developed measures aimed at optimizing the political aspect of the digital economy, which is crucial in today's geopolitical uncertainty.
Key words: digital economy, global competitiveness, political institutions, state support of digitalization, media convergence, transaction costs, digital technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.011
I.A. BOGOMOLOV Master student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
K.A. GABDULLIN Master student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
D.V. PERKOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Information and Analytical Center «National Dialogue»’s Director, Moscow, Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF THE INTERRELATION OF STATE YOUTH POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article is devoted to the features of youth policy in Russia, its main directions and perspectives for implementation. The authors examine this social group as the most important object of the state’s political course, and also analyze the interrelation and interdependence of youth policy and national security.
Key words: state, youth, social groups, youth policy, national security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.012
D.I. YEFREMOV Post-graduate of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
GEOTARGETING AS FACTOR: IN COMPETITION OF THE UKRAINIAN ESTABLISHMENT
The article provides a retrospective analysis of successful and unsuccessful communication practices and strategies in the context of managing the political elite of Ukraine on the current agenda. The author reveals the specific features of geographical targeting in the context of examining the problems of competition, as well as the cooperation of groups of key groups and coalitions of the Ukrainian elite. The main approaches to the electoral campaigns of leading political parties and their leaders are formulated, on the basis of which a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the undertaken PR initiatives is given, including selected slogans, used positioning strategies, and publicly announced political accents.
Key words: Ukraine, Ukrainian Establishment, political transit, geo-targeting, electoral circles, elite’s fragmentation, the Сamp of «Orange».
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.013
D.D. PROKOPCHUK Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
R.A. GRITSENKO Master Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. DELGADO Master Student of the Department of History and Archeology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
FEATURES OF USING THE “POLITICAL INTERNET” TO FORM THE ELECTORAL PREFERENCES OF CITIZENS
Today, the virtual network "Internet" has become an integral part of our lives. With the help of the Internet, people learn news, share information with others, communicate, make purchases, etc. This leads to the fact that most of the time people spend in a virtual network, and if political forces want to be heard and understood, then they also need to use the Internet. The article considers the problem of using the political aspect of Internet technologies as an instrument of struggle in the election race, namely as a way of influencing the electoral preferences of citizens. The content of the term “electoral preferences” is analyzed, its close relationship with the concept of “political culture” is proved, a comparative analysis of approaches to the term “political culture” is carried out. The properties of the virtual network "Internet", the features of the "political Internet", its advantages over traditional media are considered. It is concluded that due to the unique properties of the “political Internet”, it is a high-quality tool for forming and changing the value orientations of individuals in the political sphere, and can be used most effectively by political forces during the election process.
Key words: election process, Internet technologies, political Internet, electoral preferences, political culture.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.014
S.V. LVOV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Director of strategic development All-Russian Center for public opinion research, Moscow, Russia
A.A. MAKSIMOVA sociologist-analyst, Moscow, Russia
N.A. TUKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Executive Director Of the center for social and political projects and communications, associate Professor of social and political research and technology of the Moscow pedagogical University state University, Moscow, Russia
V.L. SHAPOVALOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate Professor, associate Professor of the Department of social and political research and technology Moscow state pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
VALUE PROFILE OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES AND YOUNG TEACHERS
The article presents the results of the study of civil, personal and professional values of students of pedagogical universities and young teachers as a factor in the formation of political identity of students. The study was conducted in Moscow and a number of Russian regions. The following research methods were used: group and individual interviews. The respondents were students of the direction of pedagogical directions of training of Moscow pedagogical universities and young teachers of Moscow schools under the age of 25 years. The result of the study is the creation of a value profile of future teachers.
Key words: political identity, civic, personal and professional values, value orientations, value profile, value map.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.015
R.M. EMIROV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Moscow Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF THE PROSPECTS OF ISLAM AS A BACKBONE FACTOR IN THE CAUCASUS
The article gives an analysis of the place and role of Islam in the formation of the national consciousness of the peoples of the Caucasus who profess this religious system. The main attention is focused on substantiating the thesis that the ideas of those analysts who are convinced that in the conditions of the Caucasus Islam can serve as a systematizing factor determining the nature of the political and economic modernization of the region, political behavior and, the choice of appropriate nations forms of political self-organization. In favor of this thesis, convincing evidence is given that indicates that the choice or rejection of political parties, the political course of the authorities, the power system itself is determined basically not so much religious commitment, but socio-cultural, politico-cultural, ethno-national and other factors characteristic of each nation.
Key words: Russia, the Caucasus, region, people, religion, faith, Islam, national consciousness, politics, values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.016
M.V. OKUN Post-graduate of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
VALUES IN MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: DO THEY MATTER
In this article we aim at determining whether values are important in modern public administration and what their role is. The structure of the narrative is defined by the solution of two successive problems: firstly, by clarifying the role of values in the key process of public administration – making decisions, and secondly, in the process of implementing these decisions in society. The tasks are solved by logical analyzing of leading scientific approaches to these issues, coupled with their correlating to modern world practice. Regarding the influence of values directly on public administration, the development of public policy (decision-making), there are three scientific positions: from attributing to the values a fundamental, initial, inalienable role to their almost complete exclusion from this activity considered to be purely rational, through the “middle ground” in the form of a value-rational approach. As for world practice, it demonstrates the value predisposition of state policy in the highest laws of most countries of the world, which, at least formally, determine state policy and governance. The unity of scientific opinions is observed in the view on the role of values in the implementation of adopted state policy, because this requires public consent and support, and the mass consciousness most of all perceives the value parameters of the policy. There are three theoretical and practical ways of bringing public policy into harmony with the values of society: adjusting politics to social values; forming social values corresponding to the chosen policy course; clarifying the current values of society through public discussion and further consideration of these values in the development of policies. However, scientific reflection on the practical implementation of the latter method has revealed that in practice it often turns into forming preferences in society convenient for the state regarding the policy being developed or implemented. Thus, values face constraints in the key process of public administration – decision-making, but are of great importance in the space of their implementation.
Key words: values, public administration, public policy, government decision making, public policy space, value approach, rational approach, value-rational approach, society values, mass consciousness, value parameters of state policy, public value management.
POLITICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AND ETHNOPOLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.017
D.I. GALIMULLINA Post-graduate part-time student of the Department of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia
NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
The article examines the situation of national minorities in the Czech Republic, and also provides some legal policies regarding them. The basic concepts of the studied problem are given; quantitative data of ethnic groups are given. The aim was to consider the state of minorities at the moment and which legislative bodies are present, as well as how they solve language problems, problems of preserving culture, etc. The main source was the official website of the Czech government. It was found that at the local level, the main body coordinating the activities of national minorities is the Government Council for National Minorities. Its main functions are considered. In addition to the Constitution, the Charter (declaration) on human rights, the Czech Foreign Policy Concept, the Law “On National Minorities” is mentioned as a legislative base. The Law enshrines the rights to bilingual names and designations of settlements, areas and streets of residence of representatives of the national minority; the right to use the national language while maintaining official contacts and in court; the right to education in the language of a national minority; the right to disseminate and receive information in the language of the national minority, as well as the right to preserve their traditions and develop culture. Another fundamental document of the Czech Republic in the field of national minority policies is the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The article further indicates the obligations of the Czech Republic at regional levels, namely the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, in the UN Human Rights Council.
Thus, the Czech Republic pays great attention to the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, both at the state level and at the level of various NGOs.
Key words: The Czech Republic, fourteen national minorities – Belarusian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Hungarian, German, Polish, Roma, Ruthenian, Russian, Greek, Slovak, Serbian, Ukrainian and Vietnamese, the Law on National Minorities, Government Council for National Minorities.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.018
U JUN Magistrate student of the foreign languages and regional studies faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF JUSTIFYING OF THE CAUCASUS BORDERS
This article considers the problem of the Caucasus borders justification, which is still being discussed in the scientific field. Characteristics of justifications of the boundaries of the Caucasus region were analyzed, for example, the Northern border of the Caucasus is determined by physical-geographical factors while South is determined by a geopolitical factor and lies along the former USSR border. The necessity of complex use of natural-geographical, ethnographic, cultural-geographical and geopolitical analysis methods is highlighted and justified. Based on this research, the author proposes to apply a unique approach to the problem, delve into the history of this region borders formation and pay attention to the dynamic political situation in the Caucasus.
Key words: the Caucasus boundaries, geopolitics, regional studies.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.019
A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
MOBILIZATION STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND SECURITY OF RUSSIA Part II
The issues of mobilization strategic planning are considered in the article based on the systemic anti-crisis consolidation of the Russian society and the state efforts in response to critical challenges and threats to security and development of the country. A schematic model of an “ideal” socio-economic system is proposed for concretizing the goal-setting function. The role of the elite in the development and ensuring the security of the Russian Federation is critically analyzed. A number of conditions are formulated to ensure the “viability” of strategic planning documents. The necessity of developing and implementing a single mobilization plan under the “patronage” of the President of the Russian Federation and the Presidential Administration, in which it is advisable to make a number of appropriate structural and functional changes, is shown in the article. The unprecedented conditions and prerequisites for the “afterburning” development of the Russian economy are substantiated. Realization of Russia's huge development potential will make it possible to multiply the well-being level of wide sections of the population and the power elite, and to ensure Russia's national security in the context of fierce competition on the world stage.
Key words: mobilization, strategy, plan, interests, threats, security, development, elite, politics, economy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.020
O.V. ZHURAVLEV rear Admiral, head of the Pacific higher naval school. S. O. Makarova, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. TUSHKOV Professor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
INDO-PACIFIC REGION: IS RUSSIA READY TO ENTER THESE MARITIME ZONES IN THIS REMOTE MARITIME REGION?
This article discusses the topical topic – the study of key problems on the implementation of Russia's national maritime policy in such a distant maritime zone as the Indo-Pacific region. The modern configuration of international relations has significantly narrowed Russia's field of activity in the world economy and the oceans. These circumstances have had a very negative impact on all components of maritime capacity. Including transport, fishing, naval and research fleets, the maritime industry, the system of naval base, etc. Indo-Pacific Region (ITR), russia opens up new opportunities for the practical implementation of national maritime policy in the far sea zone. Today it is important to understand whether the country is ready for a maritime presence in this remote maritime zone.
Key words: Russia's national maritime policy, «concept of a free and open Indo-Pacific region», China, Japan, The United States, India, Indonesia, «proactive peacekeeping» strategy, far sea zone, ASEAN.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.021
V.V. PYZH Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of social Sciences and Humanities FSBEI NSU them. P.F. Lesgaft, expert of the defence and security Commission Inter-parliamentary Assembly of CIS member States, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
S.I. PETROV Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of theory and methods of struggle FSBEI NSU them. P.F. Lesgaft, St. Petersburg, Russia
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE ON MODERN SOCIETY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The Article reveals the content of the concept of international sports movement, which is both an important social factor of social development and a political factor affecting international relations. Sports achievements at the international level are a reflection of the power of the state, its authority in international Affairs.
Key words: physical culture and sport, international sports movement, Olympism, instrument of political influence, state management of the sphere of physical culture and sport.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.022
K.S. GADZHIEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, chief researcher of the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
SHIFTS IN WESTERN RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA IN CONTEXT HER RAPPROCHEMENT WITH CHINA
The article attempts to identify and analyze key factors contributing to some positive shifts in the positions of a number of Western states in relations with Russia over the past year and a half. It is shown that for a variety of reasons, for a number of key issues of world politics as a whole and in assessing the political strategy of Russia in particular between the Western states themselves, there are more or less serious disagreements and contradictions. This provision is based on the fact that a number of states, abandoning sharply anti-Russian policies, take certain steps to normalize relations with Russia, while other states, including the EU level, strongly oppose such changes. Having critically analyzed these tendencies, it is shown that positive shifts in this sphere, in addition to a variety of other reasons, are determined by Russia's strategic turn towards the East and its rapidly growing rapprochement with China.
Key words: Russia, Europe, the European Union, the USA, China, the state, politics, strategy, relations, security, contradictions, shifts, normalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.023
N.U. KHANALIYEV Candidate of political sciences, First Secretary of the Department for New Challenges and Threats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ON THE PROSPECTS OF “POST-AMERICAN GREATER MIDDLE EAST
The article gives an analysis of some, in the author’s opinion, key factors that gave reason to a number of domestic and foreign analysts to put forward the idea that in modern conditions, when there is a growing tendency to reduce the US presence in the Greater Middle East and even their departure from the region, we can talk about the post-American and even post-Western Greater Middle East. The main focus is on substantiating the thesis that the US position in this highly conflictogenic and explosive region is really weakening, and its military presence is declining. Nevertheless, talking about any kind of US withdrawal from the region seems not entirely correct. Facts and arguments are presented indicating that Washington is not going to leave the region, since as one of the important geopolitical bridgeheads, it continues to occupy one of the key places in the US foreign policy strategy.
Key words: Greater Middle East, USA, region, Persian Gulf, oil, gas, oil dependence, shale revolution, hegemony, strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.024
Т.Е. ARSANOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Arabic Philology Institute of Asia and Africa, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
UNESCO IN THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
This article discusses the role of UNESCO in the Middle East as an international organization in the context of modern globalization. Today, the activities of international organizations is an integral part of world politics. The presence of internal conflicts and the complexity of the ongoing political processes in the region, their impact on international relations actualizes this topic. The purpose of this study is to identify the growing role of organizations in the region. The used methods of political science allow us to consider the organization’s activities as an instrument of political influence and conclude that UNESCO’s policy in the Middle East represents a system of multifaceted and multilevel measures. The political analysis of the documents and the implementation of projects in the region allows the author to conclude that the political significance of the organization’s activities aimed at multilateral political interaction of the countries of the region.
Key words: UNESCO, region, Middle East, globalization, international relations, political interaction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.025
O.A. SAMUSEVA Post-graduate student of the Institute of Asian and African Studies (IAAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ELITE OF CHINA AND ITS FACTORS
This article analyses the internal and external factors of the Chinese political elite development. China emerges as a new world superpower and its elite may influence the political processes in East Asia as well as other regions of the globe. Chinese political elites are the most serious rivals of Japanese and American top grasses in Asia and the Pacific. The factors of the Chinese political elite development are ecological stability in China, expectations of the Chinese population, the policy ‘One family – one child’, globalization, the degree of integration of China in world economy, geopolitical and military rivalry between China and other world actors, scientific and technical revolution, and the Chinese policy ‘One belt and One road’. The article makes use of official Chinese documents as well as the World Bank and other statistical data.
Key words: Political elite, national elite, counter-elite, cooptation, ungoverned class, internal factors, external factors.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.026
E.F. ASKEROVA PhD student, Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY EVOLUTION IN THE XXI CENTURY
This article reviews the evolution of the geopolitical priorities of the Republic of Turkey and briefly analyzes the main reasons for these transformations.
Turkey 's geographical location has led to its role as one of the key States of the east. In fact, all Turkey within its modern borders is an instrument without which there can be no influence on the Middle East processes; At the same time, the Turkish Republic itself is today a powerful, economically strong geopolitical player.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the foreign policy of any state, and Turkey here could not be an exception, was primarily to build relations with the only center of geopolitical power – the United States, but at the beginning of the twenty-first century the situation began to change.
Having survived the First World War with enormous territorial losses, Turkey has managed to maintain the core of its statehood, and the country 's elite has drawn appropriate conclusions, including in terms of building geopolitical alliances, based primarily on the interests of the Turkish people and the State, which explains the changes in Turkey 's foreign policy priorities observed in the last 10-15 years.
Key words: foreign policy, Turkey, geopolitics, foreign policy priorities of Turkey.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.027
L.E. MAMMADOV Post-graduate, Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
BALKAN REGION AS AN OBJECT OF POLITICAL ANALYSIS
This article is devoted to the main characteristics of the Balkan region in terms of geopolitical position, socio-economic and ethno-confessional features, in particular, the author draws attention to the prospects of the region in the context of the development of modern international relations and international cooperation with the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Key words: Balkan region, international relations, world economy, Republic of Azerbaijan.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.028
ZHCHAO TIENTIAN Graduate student, Russian University of Peoples Friendship, Moscow, Russia
NATIONAL IMAGE OF CHINA IN RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE
The article deals with the international image of China, factors of its formation in Russia. The main directions and factors influencing their development are the promotion of the Chinese language and culture in Russia.
Key words: national image, China, “soft power”, Confucius Institutes, foreign policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.029
LI JINGCHENG Lecturer, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Higher School of International Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia
STRATEGIC INTERESTS OF CHINA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BRICS COOPERATION (ECONOMIC ASPECT)
In recent years, the role of BRICS in international relations has been steadily increasing. China, as the largest economy and the most competitive member of the international association, has a prominent place in the BRICS cooperation mechanism, especially in economic terms. This article is devoted to the strategic economic interests of China in cooperation with the BRICS countries. Two main areas of China's foreign economic activity in the BRICS are analyzed: deepening economic cooperation in the field of trade in goods and ensuring interaction in the field of industrial resources. It is noted that, despite the consequences of the financial crisis and the beginning of trade protectionism, China keeps growth and close cooperation with BRICS partners.
Key words: BRICS, China, Russia, India, Brazil, South Africa, economic cooperation, international organization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.030
CAO HUILIN Рost-graduate student of St. Petersburg state University, St. Petersburg, Russia
SHINZO ABE'S FOREIGN POLICY ON THE NORTH KOREAN NUCLEAR ISSUE
This article discusses the main stages of nuclear weapons development on the Korean Peninsula from the 1950s up to the present day. There was conducted a systematic analysis of Mr Abe's foreign policy concerning the North Korean nuclear problem. Its basic principles and strategic goals are highlighted in the work.
Key words: evolution of nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula, North Korean nuclear program, North Korean nuclear potential, foreign policy strategy of Mr. Abe.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.031
ABAHRA MUSHIR IBRAHIM HASAN Post-graduate, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Jenin, Palestine
THE ROLES OF BRAIN CENTERS (Think Tanks) AND STUDIES CENTAR IN US FOREIGN POLICY
Brain centers (think tanks) play an important role in shaping US foreign policy; this role seemed to be clearly manifested after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The United States has become the dominant player in the world, and the process of developing and implementing US foreign policy is complex and interconnected and depends on many factors. The study is based on the following hypotheses: Think Thanks research centers play an important and significant role in American foreign policy; research centers influence American foreign policy; There is a correlation between the policies pursued by the American administrations and the research conducted by the research centers, the research centers provide a large number of experts and specialists in foreign policy issues, since their experience is used to work with successive American administrations. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence and role of research centers in the formulation and formation of US foreign policy in general and in relation to the Middle East in particular. The objectives of the study is to study the role of research centers in American foreign policy. This study is based on a descriptive method, in addition, the analytical method is used in the work. The result of these scientific and research centers is the preparation of scientific research and academic research in order to provide them to the American foreign policy leader as a guide for him in making and implementing foreign policy decisions.
Key words: Think Tanks, USA, soft power, foreign policy, public diplomacy, education, Middle East, information, international process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.032
JAVAD HAFIZULLAH Post-graduate student of the political analysis and management department of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), lecturer at Herat University, Afghanistan, Herat
KEY BARRIERS TO AFGHANISTAN'S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
This article delves into the main problems and barriers of Afghanistan modern political development. The author analyzes the main barriers to political development along with its historical background and offers solutions that will help to overcome problems that go beyond political development.
Key words: political development, national politics, barriers of political development, socio-economic development, centralization of power, dogmatism, ethno-political conflict.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.033
Ya.V. MIKHAILOV Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL DEFENCE
The situation in the international security sphere has undergone major changes in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Global terrorism, the nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula, the crisis in Russia-West relations that arose as a result of the Crimean spring, the Syrian war, environmental disasters, and much more reasons required the governments of many countries to improve their existing security systems and develop more effective policies in terms of their foreign policy and defence. The former British colony that is New Zealand did not manage to escape these problems. Despite its geopolitical position, the problems and trends of the whole world affect various aspects of its policy, in particular, the changes in the national defence establishment. In this regard, the formation of the key defence parameters of New Zealand's, security and foreign policy can be considered as both a particular practical difficulty and a particular research interest. As a result, it turned out that New Zealand's capacity allows it to have more forces than are actually needed to ensure national security and defence in the second decade of the 21st century. This is determined by the high economic and human potential, the strong political will of the country's authorities and their expert communication with country’s society, the optimal distribution of funds on defence, infrastructure, information management, logistics, a clear division of roles in the armed forces as well as and between the armed forces and the government. All these things together create the required conditions for adequate functioning of the New Zealand armed forces – NZDF, allowing them to perform their tasks clearly. Moreover, political worldview and life and politics approaches in New Zealand, that originate from both European and peoples of the Pacific Islands culture, are the source of a new political strategy development that gives priority to national security and defence.
Key words: politics, New Zealand, national security, New Zealand defence, New Zealand armed forces.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.034
G.A. BOZHKOV Post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GLOBAL ORDER AND THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SYSTEM
Modern regional and global transformations such as population migration, environmental problems, increasing numbers of political and military conflicts, a decline in economic growth, periodic economic crises, development of technology and globalization – all these factors inevitably give rise to questions of how the world community should respond to these challenges. The most urgent issue on the agenda is the development of common rules of interaction on the international scene, the development of the mutually beneficial partnership, the systematization of international relations. This article analyzes the evolution of international relations systems, hierarchy in terms of the global order. The system approach defines the relationship between the global order and the international relations system.
Key words: world order, system of international relations, new world order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2019.52.12.035
Ya.A. CHIZHEVSKIY Post-graduate student MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
FACTORS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICO-MILITARY CONFLICTS’ NATURE IN THE XXI CENTURY: RESULTS OF THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY
Modern politico-military conflicts regardless of geography, historical and cultural context have common features, such as hybrid and asymmetric character, described by new-war theorists in XX-XXI century. Following historiosophical line of thought the author enumerates global tendencies of modern society development that have made the strongest impact on the nature of modern warfare, including globalization, expansion of offensive liberalism, dilution of sovereignty and loss of legitimacy by state, supranational and non-governmental institutions, privatization of violence, individualization, informatization of society and network society emergence, increasing technological gap between adversaries in modern conflicts. The research is aimed at defining significant factors of the changes in XXI. Each of the above-mentioned tendencies is characterized by a number of variables (time series), which are aggregated by global development institutions and research center all over the globe. In the second part of the article, using the prepared dataset of the variables from the first part, the author trains machine learning algorithm to predict the number of fights and terrorist attacks per country per year. The weights of the parameters are ranked in line with their significance level. The most significant variables interpretation is based on case-by-case analysis of the different in terms of historical, cultural and political context wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria and Ukraine. The author comes to a conclusion that internal warfare dynamics, the key macroeconomic indicators of the modern states, as well as the indicators correlated with technological and military potential of the parties to the conflict, the level of society informatization and networks’ development are the key factors of the transformation of the nature of war in XXI.
Key words: leading international database, machine learning, quantitative methods, hybrid war, asymmetric conflict, globalization, offensive liberalism, sovereignty dilution, institutions’ erosion, privatization of violence, individualization, informatization, network society emergency, technological gap, terrorism, nature of war.