№ 2 (26), 2017

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 2 (26), 2017.

CONTENTS

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

PROBLEMS OF STATE SECURITY

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

REVIEWS ON MONOGRAPHY

Review of the monograph: Slizovsky D.E. Political Leadership of Russia-Russia: Origins and Contradictions GRAND STRATEGY (BIG STRATEGY). – M.: Publishing house of the journal "Political Science Issues", 2017. – 220 р.

ACTUAL REVIEWS ON THE ARTICLE OF THE JOURNAL

Review of the article by A.R. Suleymanov "About the Formula of the Russian Nation in the Political Agenda"

Review of the article Sh.I. Pakhrutdinova "Experience of Uzbekistan on the Prevention of Threats: Factors and Criteria for Creating a Sustainable Society"

Our authors № 2-2017

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

I.Y. ZALYSIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Political Science, Russian State Agrarian University-МAA, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF VIOLENCE IN RESEARCH OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENTISTS

The article is devoted to research of the concept of «political violence» in the works of Russian political scientists of the last decade. Two main approaches to the interpretation of political violence are disclosed. Supporters of the first reduce it to physical coercion to achieve political goals. Proponents of the second include to it various types of imposing the political will (psychological, informational, economic, physical etc.). Analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.

Key words: power, power tools, political violence, coercion, approaches to the study of political violence, the Russian political science.

A.A. AMIANTOV PhD (political sciences), assistant professor At the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

E.A. KISLYAKOV master of the 1st year of specialty «Political Science», the profile «Internet technology in politics and administration», Moscow State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

A.V. SOBOLEV master of the 1st year of specialty «Political Administration», Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

MUNICIPAL ELECTION CYCLE IN MOSCOW 2017: NEW CHALLENGES

The article is devoted to the evolution of the electoral system on the election of municipal deputies in Russia on the example of Moscow. These elections are of interest in view of recent changes in the structure of electoral districts. The future election campaign may acquire the character keenly competitive, especially after the polling day September 18, 2016 in the Shchukino district are combined in a common group of candidates from the opposition parties (KPRF and Yabloko) failed to obtain a majority of seats in the local Council of deputies.

The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities and threats that are inherent in the new electoral system introduced in municipal elections in a specific region of the country.

The study solved three tasks. The first task is to assess the importance of future municipal elections in Moscow, to reveal the main reasons why the upcoming elections will be important.

The second task is to consider the opportunities and threats offered by the new election system for candidates wishing to stand in deputies of municipal meetings of a city of Moscow.

The third task is to evaluate the possible effects related to the practical application of the new electoral system for local elections in the capital of Russia.

The main research method was the simulation of processes that can occur within multi-member electoral system with their subsequent applied analysis.

The results are presented in the form of brief abstracts of findings summarizing all of the important aspects that may affect the conduct and outcome of election campaigns of candidates for deputies of municipal meetings of a city of Moscow.

Key words: election campaign, electoral system, local government, multi-mandate system, municipal elections.

N.E. SYCHUGOVA graduate student of department of regional studies and programs of state fiscal institution «Scientific-Research Institute of Human Sciences of the Government of the Republic of Mordovia», Russia, Saransk

POLITICALANDSTATEDECISION: DIAMETRICY OFCONCEPTS

Today any management decision is the result of the process of management activities. It does not matter, whether this decision was taken on international, national, regional or local level. After all, any decision should result in its implementation as it was originally planned, and in achievement of the results sought by managers. This article analyzes the concepts of "state decision" and "political decision", their relationship with the identification of both general and distinct. The author offers some bases to differentiate two concepts with a view to a proper understanding of outcome of the political process, and formulates the concept of political decision which differs from what exists in people’s minds today.

Key words: state decision, political decision, a political process, diametricy.

I.N. KADAMOV Head of the labour migrants division, Representative of the Tajikistan Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment of Population in the Russian Federation, post-graduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF MIGRANTS: POSSIBILITIES OF USING IN RUSSIA

In the article the author considers the tools of social adaptation used in the framework of the migration policy of the countries of "traditional immigration" (USA, Canada, Australia) and countries of Western Europe. The purpose of this article is to define possibilities of using foreign experience of integration of migrants in the Russian situation. There are several tools used by foreign countries in the framework of integration programmes relevant for Russia.

Key words: The Russian Federation, foreign experience of integration of the country "traditional immigration" (USA, Canada, Australia), Western Europe, migration policy, social adaptation, multiculturalism, institutions and structures of migrants' integration in the European Union.

D.S. NUGUMANOV post-graduate student of the Department of national and federal relationships of the Russian Academy of national economy and state service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF ELITE GENESIS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The article considers various interpretations of the term «elite»; the distinction between «elite» and «political elite». The theoretical approaches to the formation of political elites are analyzed: the entrepreneurial system and the guild system.

Key words: elite, elite formation, political elite, recruitment, regional political process.

M.V. MURYGINA graduate student, South Federal University, Rostov on Don, Russia

POLITICAL TRUST AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON AND ITS FEATURES IN MODERN RUSSIA

Trust is one of the main criteria of good governance. The object of study is political trust. The subject of the research – peculiarities of political trust as a social phenomenon in modern Russia. Based on the theoretical interpretation of the concept of «political trust» this article analyses the main determinants of citizens ' confidence in political leaders and institutions are the most important indicators of people's confidence in government. The author examines such aspects as the culture of trust, credibility, determinants and indicators of confidence, social interaction, social communication, and public opinion. The article uses a classification-statistical research method and content analysis. On the basis of their analyses the main processes and factors of formation of political trust in the current situation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the article in a single field of analysis covers all the main factors characterizing the scientific category of «political trust» in the modern context. It is necessary for the formation of methods of analysis and rationale strategic objective of political power in Russia – measures to improve the «confidence rating» to the leading political institutions, further reforms and initiatives of government and civil society to prevent conflict between the government and the society, the disruption, and the criminalization of society.

The main conclusion of the study: confidence in the Russian authorities is based on the specific authority of leading actors of politics and such an institution as the army, «credibility», which is steadily growing as a result of government measures.

Key words: political trust, government power, population, culture of trust, credibility, trust determinants, indicators of trust, political institutions, social interaction, social communication, public opinion.

A.R. SULEYMANOVA graduate of the Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa

ELECTORAL CONFLICT AS A FORM OF PUBLIC POLITICAL PROTEST

Of particular interest to the study of electoral conflict in political theory, due to a change in public views on the modern way of life. Modern democratic transition significantly expands the range of substantive electoral and electoral cycles, are also related concepts in this field act in the same sense. So synonymous are the terms «electoral» and «election». Which, in the opinion of the author, have a different meaning. This article examines the electoral conflict, having something more with protest activity than with the electoral conflict.

Key words: electoral conflict, political protest, publicity, electoral conflict, electoral process, political stability, opposition.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

A.R. SULEYMANOV candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor of philosophy and political science Bashkir state University, Ufa, Russia

ABOUT THE FORMULA OF THE RUSSIAN NATION IN THE POLITICAL AGENDA

In the modern world the issues concerning the study of multi-ethnicity, multi-ethnicity, civil unity, remain open in the theoretical and practical value. Russia, given its long historical path of development as a multi-ethnic and multicultural civilization, can be confidently attributed to the States with a special unique multinational formula. That is why the formula of the Russian nation should be the subject of scientific debate and political analysis.

Key words: politology, the Russian nation, the political agenda, the formula, «Soviet people», unity, diversity, patriotism.

А.V. VYSOTSKIY PhD (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Deputy editor-in-chief of scientific journal "Eurasian Union: Problems of International Relations", Moscow, Russia

ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN FEDERALISM

In his article, the author explores conflicts and their classification. The author examines the concept of "ethnic territory" described as a certain part of the earth's surface where historically a particular ethnic group with specific language, culture, lifestyle and traditions is formed.

Key words: conflict, national policy, region, classification, method, resolution, prospects, globalization, National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation.

A.A. DONDOKOV post-graduate student at the Department of National and Federative Relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE HISTORY OF THE BURYAT LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE OLD-MONGOLIAN SCRIPT TO CYRILLIC

The article analyzes the history of the development of the Buryat language in the Republic of Buryatia presented the historical facts of the formation stages of modern written and oral Buryat language. Considers the problem of transitions of the Buryat language from the old Mongolian written language to the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, their influence on the formation of the Buryat literary language.

Key words: Republic of Buryatia, the Buryat language, native language, official language, old Mongolian alphabet, romanization of the Buryat language education.

PROBLEMS OF STATE SECURITY

E.S. KARSANOVA Doctor of Political Science Professor at the Department of Government and Public Administration Odintsovo branch of MGIMO University, Odintsovo (Moscow region), Russia

ON THE LIMITS OF SWITZERLAND’S COOPERATION IN THE SPHERE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

This article represents short survey of Swiss national security policy after the end of cold war. Author analyses changes and adjustments in politics of national security and stresses that adoption of the concept of total security became the starting point to move from autonomous concept of security to the concept which is more oriented to international cooperation. New understanding of national security leads to broader version of its concept first of all due to broader understanding of the whole spectrum of threats. The result of total security concept became the integration of domestic security policy and outdoor security policy that leads to comprehensive approach to national security and to readiness of Switzerland to support outdoor missions.

Key words: national security, domestic security, Switzerland, neutrality, international cooperation, peace missions, peacekeeping policy.

Sh.I. PAHRUTDINOV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

EXPERIENCE OF UZBEKISTAN ON THE PREVENTION OF THREATS: FACTORS AND CRITERIA FOR CREATING A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

The article deals with the problem of threats preventing the development of the society. The article analyses internal and external factors leading to the occurrence of threats and ways of preventing them in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Key words: threats to stability, colour revolution, the export of democracy, national security, political terrorism, political leader, regional conflicts, social instability, stability, sustainability.

K.N. KUBANTSEVA the senior teacher of the chair of foreign languages in The Military training and scientific center of ground forces "Combined arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", a graduate student of the public administration and national security chair in the national security faculty at the Institute of law and national security The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S POLICY IN THE INFORMATION SPHERE AS A FACTOR OF INTERNAL POLITICAL STABILITY AND STRENGTHEN NATIONAL SECURITY

The article is concerned with the features of the Chinese government policy in the information sphere. Along with tightening security measures in the information sphere and the number of events, the Chinese authorities carried out the "immunization" of the population, explaining the fallacy or the hostility of ideas aimed at undermining the national security. The author notes such a feature of China's censorship as an opportunity for a broad discussion of the most pressing issues, with the simultaneous suppression of unauthorized rallies and large-scale performances. Emphasizing the trend towards stricter measures to strengthen national security in the information sphere, the author substantiates the necessity of such measures in connection with the increasing number of threats and security challenges of Chinese society.

Key words: People's Republic of China, national security, information warfare, the Communist Party of China.

E.S. ANDREEVA graduate student of Diplomatic Academy Ministry of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation, Researcher of Russian Institute for Strategic Studies, Moscow, Russia

CSTO AS A FACTOR OF SECURITY IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS REGION

The article examines the role of the CSTO in the South Caucasus region. The CSTO strategy is analyzed. The thesis that the presence of the CSTO in the South Caucasus is one of the key factors in ensuring regional security is substantiated. The author notes that for the Republic of Armenia participation in the CSTO is the basis for ensuring its security.

Key words: South Caucasus, Russia, Armenia, CSTO, regional security, military cooperation, balance of power.

Sh.D. SODIKOV Ph.D., research fellow at the IMI Analytical Center of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), the deputy chairman of the Moscow City Bar Association "Law and Justice", Moscow, Russia

SOME PRECEDENTS AND PROBLEMS OF ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY OF THE EU COUNTRIES

The European Union is characterized by a high level of energy dependence on Russia. To minimize dependence on Russia, the EU must strengthen its ties with other energy sources, where the Caspian region can play a key role. Access to new sources does not mean that the EU can meet its demands, because Russia will remain an important source of energy, but, conversely, by diversifying the EU will be more "protected" from Russian pressure. As for the diversification of EU energy sources, the energy projects of the transit countries play a very important role. The Balkan region, thanks to its geostrategic position, can play a vital role in this matter. Security and stability are directly related to ensuring the EU's energy security. The case with Ukraine clearly shows the importance of transit countries in ensuring energy security, therefore the EU should pay special attention to the potential and significance of the Balkan region.

Key words: energy security, European Union, TAP.

M.I. SEREGIN working for a magister degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATIONAL SECURITY AS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF MODERN RUSSIA

In this article consider the technological development and its influence on society. Provided ideas of political reaction about technological development for strengthen Russia's sovereignty.

Key words: Technological development, Informatization, Electronization, Infosphere, Chipping, Information Security.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

A.A. AMIANTOV PhD (political sciences), assistant professor At the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

К.V. VOLOBUEV working for a magister degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL DISCOURSE AS A MEASURE OF INFLUENCING AN ADDRESSEE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

This article is devoted to political discourse, which is considered from the point of view of political interventions in the country, an addressee of international relations.

Key words: political discourse, political interventions, international relations.

Z.М. КURBONOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Institute of philosophy, political science and law named after A. Bahovaddinov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

ENCLAVES OF CENTRAL ASIA: MYTHS AND REALITIES

This article is devoted to enclave’s problems, their emergence and development on the Central-Asian Territory. How did exist these anomalous territories in this region? How so long people of these closely intertwined states try to live and cross enclave and exclave territories? But still who is profitable “to pull the rubber” with decision of these issues? Who and how to attempt to disintegrate states? Within the framework of a one article very difficult to analyze the whole situation and by long years accumulated problems, but the author has made an attempt to answer these questions.

Key words: enclaves of Central Asia, decisions of enclave’s problems, unresolved border issues, “apple of discord”.

O.E. GERASIMOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Doctoral Candidate of the Department of sociology and religious sciences, Herzen State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

DIASPORAL POLICY OF CHINA AS FACTOR OF STRENGTHENING OF THE CHINESE DIASPORA IN THE WORLD POLITICS AND ECONOMICS

The Chinese Diaspora is the largest and one of the most influential diasporas in the world. That is why the factor of overseas Chinese today plays a leading role in the politics and economy not only of Southeast Asia but also in many European countries. In strengthening the Chinese Diaspora is a unique Diasporal policy of China aimed at total support of compatriots abroad with the aim of strengthening the role of the Chinese Diaspora and as a result, China in the world politics and economics.

Key words: overseas chinese, diaspora, the chinese diaspora, diasporal policy.

V.Y. KNOTKO post-graduate student at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN-CHINESE RELATIONS

The article contains a comprehensive study of the U.S.-Chinese relations, describes in detail the policy of the United States against China, as well as the interaction between the two countries at the regional and global levels. Moreover, the article discusses their bilateral relations through the prism of foreign policy interests and strategies of both the US and China.

Key words: the U.S.-China relations, foreign policies of both the US and China, the policy of "one China," the China-Russia-USA triangle.

A.N. KOBEL'KOV post-graduate student, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Moscow, Russia

«SOFT POWER» IN GERMAN-TURKISH RELATIONS

This article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of "soft power" in bilateral German-Turkish relations. The author set himself the goal to show the degree of its importance, the practical implementation of "soft-power methods" on specific examples, as well as to identify the goals pursued by subjects of cultural diplomacy and identity politics. Methodologically, the study of this problem lies in the sphere of a context-oriented approach to the study of the phenomenon of force, the subject-oriented approach, as well as the concept of a "third face of power". The study confirmed the fact that now the role of "soft power" in bilateral German-Turkish relations has become no less important than political cooperation or cooperation in the field of security. At the same time, it is necessary to conclude that the intensification of the interaction of different languages and cultures leads not only to mutual cultural enrichment, but also to the growth of semantic and value competition.

Key words: Germany, Turkey, Soft power, Culture Diplomacy, Transnationalisation.

I.Yu. BAKULIA Postgraduate student, Department of national and Federal relations Academy of national economy of the Russian and state service under the RF President, Moscow, Russia

THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE PREHISTORIC EXISTENCE OF FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REGIME OF APARTHEID IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Analyzes two hypothetical factor that influenced the formation of the apartheid regime in South Africa.

Key words: hypothesis, bow kausani, expansion, South Africa, plant geography.

ZHANG ZHAN PhD student, Institute of Asian and African Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POVERTY ALLEVIATION AS ONE OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN CHINA

It is stated in the article that poverty alleviation is one of the key sustainable development goals in the PRC. China has made substantial progress in this field. An attempt is made in the paper to analyse the poverty alleviation policy of China and reveal new policy trends of the CPC in this field. The research object is the sociopolitical basis of sustainable development in China. The subject is the poverty alleviation policy as an aspect of sustainable development policy in China. The article presents an overview of the poverty alleviation policy from the 1980s to the present days both in the urban and rural areas. It is pointed out that for a long period of time regional development has been the main poverty reduction tool in rural areas while in the cities the main tasks have been creating a social security system according to the local reality as well as carrying out re-employment projects for citizens. Particular emphasis is given to the targeted poverty alleviation policy. The author concludes that the targeted poverty alleviation policy together with regional development and social security policy form the poverty alleviation strategy of China and will stimulate further sustainable development in the PRC.

Key words: sustainable development, China, poverty alleviation policy, targeted poverty alleviation, domestic policy.

HUSSAIN ALI MOHAMMAD MAHDI post-graduate student at the Chair of Political Sciences of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Afghanistan, Kabul

POLITICAL STABILITY IN AFGHANISTAN: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

In the article the author analyzes the features of the political situation in Afghanistan. Investigates sources of instability, as well as possible prospects for its establishment.

Key words: stability, political system, socio-political situation, armed conflict, power, Afghanistan.

MEHMET URPER postgraduate student, St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

BRITAIN’S POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: A HUNDRED YEARS OF STAGNATION

In this article we compare the two main directions in the modern Britain’s policy, namely the doctrine of international community and the network doctrine, and come to the conclusion, that both of them are incompatible with modern political reality in the Middle East region. We show that in fact all British foreign policy doctrines are but a disguise made up to hide its nature which still remains completely imperialistic and expansionist.

Key words: Britain, Middle East, Sykes-Picot, network policy, international community doctrine.

REVIEWS ON MONOGRAPHY

Review of the monograph: Slizovsky D.E. Political Leadership of Russia-Russia: Origins and Contradictions GRAND STRATEGY (BIG STRATEGY). – M.: Publishing house of the journal "Political Science Issues", 2017. – 220 р.

ACTUAL REVIEWS ON THE ARTICLE OF THE JOURNAL

Review of the article by A.R. Suleymanov "About the Formula of the Russian Nation in the Political Agenda"

Review of the article Sh.I. Pakhrutdinova "Experience of Uzbekistan on the Prevention of Threats: Factors and Criteria for Creating a Sustainable Society"