№ 4 (92), 2023

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 4 (92), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Zhigulskaya D.V., Ravandi-Fadai L.M. The Political Utopia 'in the Land of Free People' by Ahmed-Bek Agaev (Agaoglu)

Anoshkin P.P. The State and Christianity in the Political Philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev

Gudilina E.N., Poroshkov M.M. On the Problem of the Structure of the Interpretative Matrix of Utopia

Sazonova T.A. The «Negative Power» (on a Book «Tribune of the Plebs in Ancient Rome: German Historiography of the 19th Century»)

Samsonova N.N. Transgenerational Approach in the Study of Mechanisms of Collective Trauma Transference

RUSSIAN HISTORY

Bashelkhanov A.Y. The Role of the «Fair Russia» Party in the Socio-Economic and Political Development of Russia on the Example of the Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation

Lustin K.A. Origins and Factors of Terrorism in Russia

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Vasylchenko M.A. The Problem of Corruption in Russian Society and its Reflection in the Programs of Political Parties

Voropanov S.A. Problems of Implementation of the Mechanisms of Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Modern Russia

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

Vafin A.M. The Ideology of Public Service in the Context of the Stress of Officials

Chistoprudov K.V., Grigoryan D.K. The Contradictions of Design and Modernization in the Context of Political Postmodernity

Afonin M.V., Krivova A.L., Kudryavtsev S.A. Legal Aspects of Introducing Policy Aimed at Reducing Poverty

Simorot S.Yu. Roc and Modern Russia: Facets of State-Church Dialogue

Gnezdova E.V. The Concept of «Islamic Globalization» as an Alternative Scenario for Constructive Interaction of Civilizations

Samosyuk A.A. Conditions and Factors of Formation of Extreme Forms of Internal Political Process in Russia in Modern Conditions

Kychkin I.I., Tantsura M.S. Coalition Power Distribution on the Example of the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Prokhvatilov G.V., Tkesheliadze A.B., Likhomanov K.V. Cultural and Informational Tools for the Realization of the National Interests of the Russian Federation: Problems and Prospects of Use

Valeeva D.M. Problems of Formation and Strengthening of Political Confidence of Young People in the Institutions of State Power in Modern Russia

Kalakutsky A.V. Mechanisms and Technologies for Information Support of the Modern Political Process in the Volga Federal District

Tomaev A.Kh. Competitions as Tools for Recruitting Youth Political Leaders in Modern Russia

Tulinov D.O. Elections on High Readiness. Impact of Pandemic Restrictions on the Electoral Process in the Russian Federation

Shefer A.A. Comparative Analysis of the Programmatic Positions of the CPRF and the FRFT: Similarities and Contradictions

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Mosakova E.A., Zolotarev I.A. Approaches to the Regulation of Cryptocurrency Exchanges in the Post-Covid Period: Global Practices

Mironova S.A. Peculiarities of the Formation of the Oil and Gas Business in Post-Soviet Russia

Jin Lei. A Modern Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Economic Entities

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Krupyanko M.I., Areshidze L.G. New “Cold War 2.0” and Role of Japan in the Strategic Сonfrontation Between the USA and Russia

Vasetsova E.S., Drogovoz A.I. Russian-Kazakhstan Relations in the New Political Conditions: Main Trends and Development Prospects

Seregina A.A. New Ethics for the Functioning of International Energy Organizations

Bukhtoyarov M.V., Bukhtoyarov A.A. The Impact of the Changes in the International Status of the Great Britain after its Exit from the European Union for Political and Economic Relations with the Russian Federation

Perevalova E.A. The Soft Power: Conjunction of Globalism and Regionalism Trends in French Foreign Policy

An D.M., Nizamov M.A. The Problem of the Revision of Article 9 Japanese Constitutions: Differences in the Approaches of Leading Political Parties

Rakhimov K.Kh., Azimov U.Kh. Interaction Between the Republic of Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China within the SCO

Gafarov O.E. The Energy Factor in the Relations Between the Countries Participating in the Organization of Turkic States

Omonov B. The Manifestation of the Eastern Model of Modernization in the Countries of Central and Southeast Asia

Wu Hanchao. Energy Security and Geopolitics in the Arctic

Gatskovskaya V.A. Visegrad Group Cooperation in the Field of Defence and Security Policy

Goichev R.I. Positive and Negative Aspects of the Suspension of the Start-3 Treaty

Jiang Lanhui. New Trends in the Strategy of the United States of America in Central Asia

Luo Yanchao, Xujun, Xiang Yiyuan. "Nuclear Triangle" China-India-Pakistan: Knot Tension

Popova E.A. Broadcasting the Concept of the “Russian World” in Foreign Media (on the Example of Eastern Europe): Risks and Threats for Russia

Tereshenkov A.M. The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Factor of World Politics: Specifics and Parameters of Comprehension

Utekova Z.D. Features of the Image of the Future of Kazakhstan During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Khorbaladze E.L. Key Elements of China Strategy in Asia Pacific

Chen Zihao, Mao Shuo. Diplomatic Strategies of Chinese Multinational Corporations (MNCS)

STUDENT SCIENCE

Borovkov V.S. Chinese Experience in Building a National Security System

Prisekin A.A. Formation of a New International Innovation Cooperation as a Factor of Russia's Competitiveness on the World Stage

Fenin K.V., Kuznetsova V.A. Italy: Return to Normality?

Golovina G.N., Shirokov V.O., Kotov S.V. Reception of Libertarianism in Modern Russia

Yuan Yuan. The Study of Relations Between Russia and China in the Context of the "One Belt, One Road" Project in the New Conditions of Cooperation

Khomyakov D.O. Innovative System of the Civil Aircraft Industry in the Policy of Ensuring the Technological Sovereignty of the Russian Federation in 2022-2023

Our authors № 4-2023

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.001

D.V. ZHIGULSKAYA Candidate of Science (History), Senior Lecturer at the Oriental Political Studies Department of the Faculty of Global Processes of Moscow Lomonosov State University, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

L.M. RAVANDI-FADAI Candidate of Science (History), Senior Researcher, Head of the Oriental Culture Centre at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of the Contemporary Orient and Africa of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL UTOPIA 'IN THE LAND OF FREE PEOPLE' BY AHMED-BEK AGAEV (AGAOGLU)

"I was a slave and I wanted to become free" (Serbest İnsanlar Ülkesinde) – these are the opening words of the political utopia 'In the Land of Free People' by Ahmed-bek Agaev (Agaoglu), the outstanding Azerbaijani thinker, born in Shusha in 1869, who held a special place in the political and intellectual circles of the Caucasus and Muslim Russia in the late 19th – early 20th century, and later in the Ottoman Empire and republican Turkey.

The purpose of the article is to elucidate Ahmed-Bek Agaev's political views on the problem of civil society and his key theoretical approaches to the shaping and development of a bonding mentality and national identity that could unite people. For this, the article addresses a series of successive tasks: it reviews the key stages of Ahmed-bek Agaev's life and his political and intellectual activities, providing a detailed analysis of the source of 'In the Land of Free People,' which he wrote in 1930 as his political career drew to a close. The paper is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism.

The result is an overview of Ahmed-bek Agaev's key thinking on the ideal state and its citizens, including a summary of his significant influence on the development of liberal thought in Turkey. Specifically, Agaev should be seen as a vigorous proponent of а multiparty republican system, which he regarded as an important step on man's path to freedom.

Key words: Ahmed-bek Agaev (Agaoglu), 'In the Land of Free People', Turkish Republic, liberal Kemalism, national identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.002

P.P. ANOSHKIN Senior Lecturer of the Philosophy Department Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

THE STATE AND CHRISTIANITY IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF N.A. BERDYAEV

This article presents the views of a famous Russian philosopher N.A. Berdyaev on the relationship between Christianity and European statehood.

The goal of the article is to systematize and reconstruct philosopher's views on a topic of relationship between the state and Christian religion and to show its relevance and validity for contemporary political science and philosophy. Thereby the author shows the role and place of Christianity in the life of European states, its meaning and purpose, Christian church relations with the socio-political system of the state, Christianity is viewed as a spiritual basis for implementation of state interests and goals.

When writing the article works of N.A. Berdyaev, along with works of Russian Orthodox Church and Catholic Church scholars, and works of foreign and domestic philosophical and political thought representatives which shown the role of Christianity in the development of European states were studied by the author. The analysis of various approaches to understanding the problem was carried out.

Philosophical, historical and logical methodology, hermeneutic, normative-values, sociological, anthropological and others methods have been applied in the course of working on the article.

In the present article, the author has shown that N.A. Berdyaev's approaches to understanding the relationship between the state and Christian religion allow us to understand a true nature of this political phenomenon.

The work done by the author to systematize and reconstruct N.A. Berdyaev's approaches to understanding the problem allows us to use its results in further research into the role of Christianity in the development and functioning of the state.

Key words: State, Christianity, Papocaesarism, Caesaropapism, Christianisation, morality and justice.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.003

E.N. GUDILINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

M.M. POROSHKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ON THE PROBLEM OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERPRETATIVE MATRIX OF UTOPIA

The relevance of the research is due to the constant appeal of political and legal thought to utopia as an image of a socially desirable and possible future. Numerous examples of utopias and studies of the phenomenon of utopia itself seek to overcome the negative connotations existing in culture (utopia as empty dreams, as a chimera, as non-viable constructions, etc.), but the variability and degree of manifestation of utopia necessitates the identification of its structure. The purpose of the study is to consider utopia as an interpretive matrix that allows us to comprehend and transform reality. The goal determines the following tasks: to identify the cells of the utopia matrix, analyze the boundaries of each cell and illustrate their content. The search for the structure of utopia is carried out within the framework of social constructivism, which sees in utopia not so much a set of abstract timeless judgments about the best social structure, but rather an image of an objectively different and subjectively desired social order understood in the concreteness of spatial and temporal coordinates. The result of the study was a utopia matrix consisting of the following cells: imagination and the imaginary; value-semantic saturation; the theme of utopia and its ideology; collective subject. Special attention was paid to those social practices that make it possible to revise and reorganize socio-political reality (for example, the spread of already implemented social practices of the minority to the majority, as well as reconfiguration, cross-appropriation and articulation are analyzed). The utopia matrix obtained as a result of the study makes it possible not only to structure and critically analyze existing utopias, but also to design new ones.

Key words: utopia, interpretive matrix, imagination, ideology, ideologicity, collective subject, social practices, reconfiguration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.004

T.A. SAZONOVA Postgraduate student, Department of the History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE «NEGATIVE POWER» (ON A BOOK «TRIBUNE OF THE PLEBS IN ANCIENT ROME: GERMAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 19TH CENTURY»)

This article contains a critical review of the book on tribune of the plebs in Ancient Rome in the context of German historiography. It shows the book content, its main advantages and scientific value. The article was traced with the help of modern methods such as comparison, synthesis, interpretation of results, political and textual analysis. The book by scientists from Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University contributes to the study of both ancient history and political thought of Europe in the 19th century. It also concerns the current issues of mechanisms for protecting of citizen’s rights and the role and place of the people in public administration.

Key words: tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people, institute of law, Volkstribunat, «negative power», Ancient Rome, historiography, Niebuhr, Germany.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.005

N.N. SAMSONOVA Graduate Student, History and Theory of Politics Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRANSGENERATIONAL APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF MECHANISMS OF COLLECTIVE TRAUMA TRANSFERENCE

The article deals with the phenomenon of transgenerational trauma transference. An analytical review of scientific research on the phenomenon of transgenerational transference of trauma is given. The heuristic value of the expansion of the transgenerational approach to the field of trauma studies, especially dedicated to the research of mechanisms of the emergence and spread of collective trauma as social phenomenon is noted. Protective social mechanisms that block analytical impulses are analyzed as a factor of the transgenerational transference of traumatic experience. It is concluded that the articulation of the traumatic beginning is complicated by the transformation of the memory framework. Since historical trauma is the result of a gap in communication both between individual social groups and between generations, turning to the transgenerational nature of trauma allows to reduce the risks of instrumentalization of traumatic experience and ensure the restoration of self-regulating mechanisms of collective consciousness.

Key words: collective historical trauma, collective memory, psychoanalysis, transgenerational trauma, trauma studies.

RUSSIAN HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.006

A.Y. BASHELKHANOV Candidate of Sciences (History), lecturer of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, Baikal College of Subsoil Use, Ulan-Ude, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE «FAIR RUSSIA» PARTY IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The creation of a stable political system in a market economy was one of the goals of the Russian government. The Social Democratic Party, as a party that does not accept a radical "left turn", capable of arousing the sympathy of voters of the left political flank, seemed a good option for these purposes. For Russia, where the positions of the Communist Party were strong and the socio-economic conditions required improvement, the project of creating a strong social democratic party was particularly difficult. The article examines the activities of the Social Democratic Party ("Fair Russia") in Russia. The author of the article analyzes the reasons for the creation of the party, the conditions for the implementation of the social democratic project in the country, examines the results of the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the foreign experience of the activities of social democratic parties is also considered. The activities of the Fair Russia Party are investigated in different conditions. Starting from the period of the project of building a two-party (or close to it) political system, in which "Fair Russia" was assigned the role of the "second leg of power", ending with a long period of strengthening the "vertical of power" with a multiparty system. In the article, based on the provisions of political theory, attention is paid to the analysis of the change of the strategy of power in the construction of the political system.

Key words: political party, social democracy, Fair Russia, two-party political system, elections, State Duma.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.007

K.A. LUSTIN Postgraduate student, Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia

ORIGINS AND FACTORS OF TERRORISM IN RUSSIA

The article focuses on the analysis of terrorist events in the history of the Russian state. The article gives examples of such manifestations, causes and factors of their occurrence. The author emphasizes that the main task of modern society and the state is to create a positive social consciousness, which excludes the very possibility of using violence to achieve any political goals.

Key words: terrorism, extremism, prevention, prevention, counteraction.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.008

M.A. VASYLCHENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Moscow Financial and Industrial Synergy University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF CORRUPTION IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE PROGRAMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES

The article examines the little-studied problem of reflection of corruption processes in Russian society in the process of party building of political parties and its influence on the formation of the political agenda of the early 20s of the XXI century. The programs of the key political parties of this period and their implementation in the anti-corruption legislation are considered. The author comes to the conclusion that corruption is an important factor in the activation of the electorate during the electoral process, both for the majority party and their political opponents. Increasing the attention of deputies and candidates to this problem and tightening responsibility at the legislative level allows us to consistently increase the votes of the electorate and try to reduce the size of corruption in the country.

Key words: political parties, lobbying, corruption, legislation, parliament, political party program.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.009

S.A. VOROPANOV Postgraduate student of Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MECHANISMS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article presents the results of a political and sociological study conducted in the autumn of 2022 in a mixed online and offline format in the Vologda Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Moscow, the Republic of Chuvashia, dedicated to the problem of citizens being in demand for various forms of direct democracy provided for by federal and local legislation. The aim of the study was to assess the population of Russian municipalities of various types, tools and mechanisms for direct participation in the initiative, conciliation, deliberative procedures of democracy, political decision-making, their implementation and control over their implementation at the local level. The conclusions proposed in the article about the problems of the low popularity of most forms of direct democracy and the specifics of their use in various types of municipalities in Russia can be used as the basis for further municipal reform and the expansion of digital democracy tools and the involvement of citizens in governance at the local level.

Key words: direct democracy, forms of democracy, municipal elections, local self-government, political participation, civil society.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.010

A.M. VAFIN MA in Counselling, PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEOLOGY OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STRESS OF OFFICIALS

In the article, the author examines stress in civil servants. To understand the specifics of stress among officials, a study was conducted. The author raises an urgent question about the ideology of public service as a factor that could increase the motivation of conscientious officials to work and reduce stress. To identify the elements of the ideology of public service, the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation are analyzed.

Key words: civil service, officials, stress, ideology of public service, ethics, political psychology, political and legal approach.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.011

K.V. CHISTOPRUDOV Postgraduate student of the department Political Science and Ethnopolitics Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the chair of D. in Political Science and Ethnopolitics at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Associate Professor of Chair of Criminalistics and Investigative Activity of Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE CONTRADICTIONS OF DESIGN AND MODERNIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL POSTMODERNITY

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the practice of political projection under the conditions of postmodern society and the domination of mass standardized consciousness. The aim of the article is to reveal the contradictions that have developed between the conceptual level of political reality design and the mechanisms of modernization of social and, in general, public communicative reality. The description of contradictions comes from the dominant influence of the cultural situation of postmodernism itself, within which the traditional concepts of socio-political constructivism find themselves in the zone of criticism and destruction. In the conditions of postmodern society, projection is possible as a practice of performative expression of the present situation of subjects of interaction and communication. Political performance is seen as a peculiar expression of a new ontology of social reality. The adoption of one or another strategy by the subjects of power is performative in nature. Contradictions between projection and modernization can be overcome precisely by changing the language itself – the original system of meanings within which the reference space of the present subject is formed.

Modernization in its historical genesis is associated with scientific rationality as the basis for the development of social systems and production, and the development of technological weapons. The projection of the Western model of modernization onto contemporary Russian society reveals a gap between formalized public communication and public consciousness. This gap can only be filled by means of political projection if the constructivist attitude of social planning is abandoned.

The research methodology is of a complex interdisciplinary nature. With the convergence of different branches of social knowledge and the practices of its application in order to formulate a political strategy in society, the study of the political sphere must be based on an analysis of traditional and new concepts, the very language with which the very political reality in the modern world is constructed.

Key words: modernity, postmodernity, political performance, strategy, projection, modernization, scientific rationality, language.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.012

M.V. AFONIN Candidate of law sciences, associate professor, Head of the Human Rights Department Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

A.L. KRIVOVA Lecturer of the Human Rights Department Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

S.A. KUDRYAVTSEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work, Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia

LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTRODUCING POLICY AIMED AT REDUCING POVERTY

The article examines the problem of poverty in modern Russia as one of the most acute social problems. The main approaches to the definition of poverty in world science are given. Legal documents and common principles in different countries of the establishment of the subsistence minimum are analyzed. The authors have proposed a number of measures taking into account the gender factor, which can significantly reduce the level of poverty of the population of the Russian Federation.

Key words: low income, absolute poverty, relative poverty, subjective poverty, consumer basket.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.013

S.YU. SIMOROT Candidate of Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Philology and General Scientific Disciplines Religious organization – spiritual educational organization of higher education of the Khabarovsk diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church «Khabarovsk Theological Seminary», Khabarovsk, Russia

ROC AND MODERN RUSSIA: FACETS OF STATE-CHURCH DIALOGUE

The proposed publication deals with the problem of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state from the time of the Baptism of Rus' up to the present. The non-linear nature of the state-church dialogue is indicated: the spread of Orthodoxy and the strengthening of the authority and independence of the Russian Orthodox Church, the inclusion of the latter in the state mechanism with the loss of independence, Bolshevik theomachism and the "turn" of state-confessional relations during the Great Patriotic War, the establishment of equal relations on the basis of autonomy, mutual respect and secularism. Analyzing the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of September 26, 1997 No. 125-FZ “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2014 No. 808 “On Approving the Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy” and the Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church, the author concludes that in the context of strengthening the state sovereignty of the Russian Federation on the world stage and establishing Russia as the vanguard of the Russian World, the Orthodox Church firmly and consistently takes state positions, supporting the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian political leadership, while Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church are two autonomous institutions. At the end of the article, it is concluded that in relations between the church and the state, the constitutional and legal principle of secularism is used: the church is not included in the bosom of the state as a link in the state apparatus and at the same time does not have a direct opportunity to influence political decisions.

Key words: Russian state, Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodoxy, state-confessional relations, secular state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.014

E.V. GNEZDOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Local History Institute of International Relations and World History FSAOU HE "National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF «ISLAMIC GLOBALIZATION» AS AN ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO FOR CONSTRUCTIVE INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS

The issue of globalization is an extremely popular topic of discussion among politicians, academics and public circles. Since the globalization process is dialectically contradictory, there are constant disputes about the positive and negative aspects of globalization for humanity. It is important that in the scientific community the issue of rejecting globalization is not even raised, since it is perceived as an objective process of the development of human society. However, this does not mean that this process cannot be controlled or given a certain vector. The forms of globalization may differ, which is proved by the history of the second half of the 20th century, associated with the confrontation between two international projects of social development – socialist and capitalist. Thus, at present, the number of options for the development of globalization has increased markedly.

Key words: Islam, international security, Islamophobia, xenophobia, integration, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.015

A.A. SAMOSYUK Research Associate, Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF FORMATION OF EXTREME FORMS OF INTERNAL POLITICAL PROCESS IN RUSSIA IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article examines the actual aspects of the genesis of extreme forms of the internal political process, highlights the main conditions and factors of the formation of unconventional forms of political interaction. Using the example of a combination of conditions and factors of the extremism of the political process, the circumstances and risks of the domestic political situation in Russia going beyond the boundaries of the legal field are considered. The main circumstances contributing to the extremism of the political process are identified, their classification is presented. Consideration of the events related to the attempt to extremism the internal political situation in Russia at the beginning of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, allows us to conclude about the importance of a consolidated reaction of the state and society to reflect the threat of destabilization of the internal political process in the country.

Key words: extreme political process, dismantling of the political regime, conditions, factors.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.016

I.I. KYCHKIN Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.S. TANTSURA Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor Chair of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

COALITION POWER DISTRIBUTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE STATE ASSEMBLY (IL TUMEN) OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

The article examines the distribution of power between coalitions in the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); the objectives are to identify the real influence of possible coalitions and determine the key player in decision-making in the Parliament of Yakutia; the Shepley-Shubik index was used to achieve the objectives; the results – possible coalitions have no real influence in decision-making, "United Russia" is the key player in decision-making; conclusion – one of the research objectives was achieved.

Key words: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), power distribution, coalitions, Shepley-Shubik index.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.017

G.V. PROKHVATILOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

A.B. TKESHELIADZE Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

K.V. LIKHOMANOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

CULTURAL AND INFORMATIONAL TOOLS FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE NATIONAL INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF USE

The article analyzes the theoretical and applied aspects of the use of soft power technologies and public diplomacy in the framework of the implementation of Russia's national interests. It is proved that the concept of "soft power" is used in scientific sources to denote a specific strategy for the realization of national interests, and the term "public diplomacy" indicates a widely used technology of cultural and informational influence. The authors have developed a classification of public diplomacy technologies, which is based on their division into information and communication, organizational and business. It is established that the concepts of "national interests" and "state interests" are synonymous lexical constructs. The presence of an imbalance between the use of traditional and "soft-power" tools for the realization of Russia's national interests with a clear shift in emphasis in favor of the former is revealed. A model of the optimal "soft power" strategy of the Russian Federation is proposed for implementation, which should include three key blocks: ideological, functional and institutional.

Key words: "soft power", public diplomacy, political communication, national interests, "hybrid war", political conflicts, mass information.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.018

D.M. VALEEVA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Political Science and Public Relations, Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia

PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND STRENGTHENING OF POLITICAL CONFIDENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE POWER IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article discusses the reasons why the level of political confidence of young people in state institutions remains low. The author proceeds from the fact that the key factors in increasing trust are the involvement of young people in making socio-political decisions, increasing the level of representativeness in government structures and public organizations. It is concluded that the social structures currently operating, whose function is to increase the level of political socialization of young people, due to their formalization, do not use all their potential.

Key words: youth policy, Russia, public administration, efficiency, interaction, power, society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.019

A.V. KALAKUTSKY Postgraduate Student, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Institute of Economics and Management, Samara National Research University; Academician S.P. Koroleva (Samara University), Samara, Russia

MECHANISMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE MODERN POLITICAL PROCESS IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT

The article reveals the actual problem of information support of the political process on the example of the multicultural region of the Volga Federal District. The purpose of the article is to summarize the mechanisms and technologies for information support of the political process in the Volga Federal District as a multi-ethnic region. The choice of the research object is due to its complexity in terms of administrative management and ethno-national composition. The methodology of the article is based on a systematic approach and includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as a number of special methods: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; structural-functional and statistical methods. As a research result, the author of the article came to the following conclusions: in the Volga Federal District, mechanisms based on the use of media resources for representatives of various ethnic groups are most effective. The main technology of information support of the modern political process is network interaction with mass media and Internet communities.

Key words: political process, regional political process, mechanisms, information support technologies, Volga Federal District.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.020

A.KH. TOMAEV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPETITIONS AS TOOLS FOR RECRUITTING YOUTH POLITICAL LEADERS IN MODERN RUSSIA

This article presents the results of a study devoted to the role of leadership personnel competitions organized in modern Russia in the process of recruiting youth political leaders. The author proposes the division of leadership personnel competitions into party personnel and management personnel competitions, analyzes competitions at the federal and regional levels, reveals their importance for recruiting leaders and activists of youth organizations into the political sphere.

Key words: leadership competitions, party personell competitions, management personell competitions, recruiting, youth political leaders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.021

D.O. TULINOV Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ELECTIONS ON HIGH READINESS. IMPACT OF PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS ON THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the specifics of the impact of restrictions associated with the spread of COVID-19 on the conduct of the electoral process. The high alert regime is a special regime within which the development of social infrastructure is regulated in order to ensure the safety of public health. However, elections are a matter of a political nature, and formally it comes into contact with the need to comply with the necessary measures regulated at the legislative level. The requirement to adapt to the new realities associated with pandemic restrictions determines the search for new solutions for pre-election, electoral work and work with voters purposefully. Consideration of the Russian specifics of the electoral process is moving into the online format, which is the most preferable and convenient in the current situation. This experience is new for Russia, so its implementation is based on the methodological development of the system.

Key words: electronic voting, remote voting, postponement of elections, elections, COVID-19 pandemic, electoral process.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.022

A.A. SHEFER Postgraduate student of the Chair of Russian politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAMMATIC POSITIONS OF THE CPRF AND THE FRFT: SIMILARITIES AND CONTRADICTIONS

In the Russian political media discourse a fairly frequent number of politicians call for consolidation and unification of the leftist forces in elections. First of all, such appeals come from the leader of the "Fair Russia" party, S. Mironov, who often makes a proposal to the leader of the CPRF, G. Zyuganov, to unite and create a united left-wing parliamentary party. However, practice shows that the leaders of both parties find it difficult to come to a common agreement on this issue. One of the reasons is G. Zyuganov's disagreement with the FRFT program. In this connection, a comparative analysis of the programs of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the socialist party Fair Russia – Patriots – For Truth becomes relevant. Therefore, this study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the party programmes of the two major left-wing parties and a comparison of their agenda with the political ideologies of Marxism and Social Democracy. In the course of this analysis the author concludes that the programmes of the CPRF and the FRFT overlap quite often on many points, and the discourse of both parties is social-democratic (including the CPRF), which gives them grounds for unification. In conclusion, the author concludes that the real reason for the reluctance of the Communist Party leadership to integrate with "Fair Russia" lies in a pragmatic unwillingness to lose the image of "the successor party to the CPSU", which will necessarily lead to the loss of the nuclear electorate.

Key words: CPRF, "Fair Russia", party programme, social democracy, communism, national-patriotism.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.023

E.A. MOSAKOVA Сandidate of Economics, Associate professor, Associate professor at the Department of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Russia, Moscow

I.A. ZOLOTAREV PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

APPROACHES TO THE REGULATION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY EXCHANGES IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD: GLOBAL PRACTICES

Introduction. Every year, the number of crypto exchanges the volume of trading on them, as well as the range of services they offer increase. The existing legislative framework for regulating digital relations, including crypto exchanges, is much inferior in terms of the digital technologies development pace. As a result, the issue of the volume of regulation of the crypto exchange sector is highly relevant.

Materials and methods. Methodological basis of the research is composed of general cognition methods: evaluation, synthesis, comparison, inductance and deduction, rising from the abstract to the concrete as well as systemic - structural approach. Special methods of investigation such as acquisition of scientific treatises, information gain were applied during the research.

The results of the study. The approaches of modern countries of the world to the issue of regulating the crypto exchanges differ dramatically. In the first group of countries the special legislation is being developed, in the second it is completely absent, and the third group of countries is making changes to the current legislation.

Discussion. The most widespread approach is to change the existing laws to regulate the crypro exchange activity. In some jurisdictions, some additional measures aimed at tightening the rules for the functioning of crypto exchanges are being developed today. In particular, legal liability is being introduced in case of non-compliance with legal requirements.

Conclusion. In the short term, it is necessary to strengthen the regulation of the crypto exchange sector, including the introduction of some additional disclosure requirements before the release of cryptocurrencies and/or their admission to crypto exchanges. In the medium term it seems vital to develop a unified approach to the issue of legislative regulation of the crypto exchange sector at the global level.

Key words: cryptocurrency exchange, cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency exchange sector, regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges, licensing of cryptocurrency exchanges, customer verification, AML/CFT.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.024

S.A. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF THE OIL AND GAS BUSINESS IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA

Today the oil and gas industry continues to be one of the leading sectors of the Russian economy, but its retrospective development and regulation raise many questions and disputes. This article considers the peculiarities of oil and gas business formation in Russia after the collapse of the USSR and the transition to a market economy. The author considers the history of the development of the oil and gas sector in Russia from the collapse of the Soviet Union to the early 2000s.

The article examines the influence of the liberal economic reforms of the 1990s on the formation of the oil and gas industry and its connection with the political processes in the country. The author considers the problems that arose in the process of privatization of state oil and gas companies and their consequences for the Russian economy. In the conclusion the necessity of additional study of peculiarities of oil and gas business development in Russia and the importance of reflection of the experience of liberal reforms of the 1990s for the modern economy of the country is noted.

Key words: oil and gas industry, privatization, interaction between business and government, communication technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.025

JIN LEI Master's Degree State and Municipal Administration Public Administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A MODERN APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES

The article deals with issues related to the study of the modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities. The purpose of the study is to study the modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities, as well as to develop a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities. The main research methods were: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The concept of "efficiency" of the activity of economic entities is considered. The main components for evaluating the effectiveness of this activity are identified. The author emphasizes that an integrated approach is of particular importance in assessing the effectiveness of activities, as well as decisions taken, which consists in applying the correct documentation (regulatory documents, individual regulations, acts, etc.), conducting a system of monitoring and control of current production and economic activities, determining a set of evaluation indicators and the effective activities of appraisers. The factors influencing the processes of choice and decision-making are studied. The methods and models used in assessing the effectiveness of economic entities are considered. A mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities has been developed. The author notes that when carrying out production and economic activities by economic entities, there are certain risks that arise during its implementation. The methods and methods of risk management in the activities of economic entities have been studied in order to increase its effectiveness.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities, as well as to develop a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities.

Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: A modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities has been studied. Models for assessing the effectiveness of economic entities are considered. A mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities is proposed. Methods of forecasting risks in the activities of economic entities have been studied.

Conclusions: After analyzing various approaches and methods for assessing the effectiveness of economic entities, it was found out that only the totality of the measures used creates favorable conditions for the development of the activities of many economic units in the market, contributes to improving the effectiveness of their results in practice (by increasing profits, reducing costs, reducing the risk of losses from unforeseen situations), as well as strengthening financial stability and economic security in general.

Key words: modern approach, efficiency, solutions, economic entities, activities, risks.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.026

M.I. KRUPYANKO Doctor of political sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of historical sciences, professor, Institute of Asian and African Studies MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

NEW “COLD WAR 2.0” AND ROLE OF JAPAN IN THE STRATEGIC СONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE USA AND RUSSIA PART I

The article is analyzing the after-effects for Russia of the end period of it cooperation with the West that ended with the beginning of the start of the special military operations against Ukraine on February 2022 and the role of Japan in the sharp phase of confrontation between Russia and the aggressive alliance of the unfriendly countries under the leadership of the USA in the beginning phase of the “cold war 2.0”. Article is analyzing the purposes and methods of foreign policy of Japan of doing the strategic damages for Russia in pursuing its purposes of weaking the power of Russia in the world as a rival of the West. USA and NATO countries are on the edge of the big war with Russia. They themselves have created the problems that they don’t know how to resolve and not knowing to what end it could leads. In these circumstances, Japan has increased her war budget and greatly increased her strategic potential toward Russia. On December 2021 the Japanese government has adopted a new war budget for 2022 financial year. It reached 5,4 trillion yen (47 billion of USA dollars) that was bigger then in the previous 2020 year. Prime-minister did not excluded the preventive attacks on military bases of Russia according the new national defense strategy. Washington openly is pushing Japan to deny all the limitation the defense field that were adopted by 9 Article of the Constitution of Japan. Such steps of the USA reveal the essence of American diplomacy toward her ally: USA initiate very well the conflicts through out the world depicting itself as a true guarantor of peace and the island of stability At the same time USA are taking from allies all the important resources and vital technology and put them under the first reposed attack.

Key words: “cold war 2.0”, new military budget 2022, unfriendly to Russia countries, first response attack, 9 Article of Japanese Constitution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.027

E.S. VASETSOVA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the East Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.I. DROGOVOZ PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS IN THE NEW POLITICAL CONDITIONS: MAIN TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Against the backdrop of the aggravation of the geopolitical confrontation with the collective West, it is extremely important for Russia to competently build interaction with neighboring countries and form a well-balanced foreign policy line aimed at achieving national interests. The near abroad has always been one of the priority areas of the Russian foreign policy.

Based on the methodological synthesis of the synergetic paradigm and civilizational analysis, based on current statistical indicators and international rankings, this article discusses a topical issue - an analysis of the current state of relations between the Russian Federation (RF) and the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). At the same time, adhering to an interdisciplinary approach, the author's position on the prospects for bilateral cooperation is given.

Based on the current situation, the economic, political and military components of Russian-Kazakh cooperation are analyzed. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the possibilities of forming the North Eurasian civilizational community on the basis of Russia, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet actors.

Assessing Russian-Kazakh relations (RKO), the authors identify the features of the development of this phenomenon, its main trends and further development prospects.

Key words: Russia, Kazakhstan, Russian-Kazakh relations, Central Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.028

A.A. SEREGINA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of the Department of World Economy The Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

NEW ETHICS FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY ORGANIZATIONS

Every year the climate agenda has an increasing impact on the political, economic and energy policies of the countries of the world. In order to slow down global warming and prevent environmental disasters, states unite in regional and international associations to combat climate change, such as the UN Economic Commission for Europe, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Gas Exporting Countries Forum, the Group of Twenty, the UN High-level Dialogue on Energy. Within the framework of these associations, countries not only seek to increase investments in the development of technologies for the extraction and use of environmentally friendly energy sources, but also exchange technologies that allow increasing the share of "green" energy in the energy balances of states and combating greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Despite the political differences between Russia and a number of Western countries, Russia does not abandon its climate commitments and intends to adhere to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, it is emphasized that the implementation of the energy transition should not undermine the energy security of countries, but should take into account the natural and climatic and socio-economic characteristics of states. International organizations regulate energy and climate issues in different ways and use various tools: from preserving and increasing the area of forests to combat pollution in the atmosphere, to the widespread introduction of low-carbon fuels.

Key words: international energy organizations, energy transition, climate agenda, low-carbon development, agenda for sustainable development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.029

M.V. BUKHTOYAROV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department Mathematics and Informatics State University management, Moscow, Russia

A.A. BUKHTOYAROV Bachelor of the Institute of International Relations and Department of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF THE GREAT BRITAIN AFTER ITS EXIT FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The history of Great Britain and its international status is really bright and at all times relied on many different foundations. Thus, Brexit (withdrawal from the European Union) is another step in the development of the UK's strategy of international political and economic relations. Before Brexit, the UK benefited from being in the governing institutions of the EU, NATO and the UN, and was able to maneuver them to achieve results dictated by British national interests. However, this situation is now changing, and the position of the UK in the last two organizations (NATO and UN) may also change, so it is advisable to analyze the possible results and causes of these consequences. We will also consider how much all these changes will affect bilateral relations between England and Russia, whether there is a rapprochement between these two powers, and what are the prospects for further cooperation in economics and politics.

Key words: international relations, economic relations, Brexit, Russia, UK, EU, UN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.030

E.A. PEREVALOVA Senior lecturer at the Northwestern Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE SOFT POWER: CONJUNCTION OF GLOBALISM AND REGIONALISM TRENDS IN FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY

In this article the author examines the "soft power" concept as a component part of the concept "power" in the foreign policy of an international relations actors. The modern structure of the world interaction is many-sided. Its methods multiply and the world construction as a hole becomes more complicated. These changes are effectuated due to the information society installation and the global digitalization, the development of new technologies and possible ways of communication. This article takes up soft-power methods from the viewpoint of two directions: globalism and regionalism in the international relations of an actor in foreign policy. The practical side of the issue is illustrated by an overview analysis of the "soft power" policy pursuing by one of the important European countries, that is France. The features of the French methods of international influence are instruments of "soft power" based on the doctrine of "Gaullism", which reflects the imperial aspirations of this state. Herewith, two vectors of foreign policy are clearly traced and carried out by France in parallel and attachment: globalization and regionalization trends. First of all, there is French desire for globalism in its foreign policy, intention to solve world-wide problems, such as environmental and humanitarian problems, cultural and world heritage issues, respect for human rights in the world, etc. But at the same time, the striving to strengthen positions within Europe and the regional influence in French-speaking countries aren’t less important for France. Purposes here are to protect the French language, culture and traditions, to expand cooperation with the regions in the field of education, tourism, sports, etc. This direction is particularly reflected in French policy pursued in 2022 since the beginning of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine. And these trends continue in 2023. France strives to be an active player both on the world stage and on a regional scale, mainly using the tools of "soft power".

Key words: soft power, tools of soft power, influence, regionalism, globalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.031

D.M. AN Senior Lecturer, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

M.A. NIZAMOV Teacher of Kazan (Privolzhsky) federal university, Kazan, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF THE REVISION OF ARTICLE 9 JAPANESE CONSTITUTIONS: DIFFERENCES IN THE APPROACHES OF LEADING POLITICAL PARTIES

The return of Shinzo Abe to the post of Prime Minister of Japan in 2012 preceded the promotion of an initiative to revise Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which secured the latter's refusal to own its own army and from war as a means of resolving international conflicts. However, despite the actions taken, there is currently an ongoing discussion about the need to amend the country's basic law. This article provides a chronological sequence of attempts to change the pacifist orientation of the Constitution, examines the main factors hindering the implementation of the initiative.

Key words: Japan, Japanese constitution, ninth article, Japanese policy, Japan Self-Defense Forces.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.032

K.Kh. RAKHIMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Head of the Central Asia Sector Center for Post-Soviet Studies, Moscow, Russia

U.Kh. AZIMOV Postgraduate Student, Department of theory and History of International relations of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

INTERACTION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WITHIN THE SCO

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the growing partnership between Tajikistan and China within the framework of the SCO, covering a number of key areas, including economic and trade relations, political and security cooperation, and cultural exchanges and people-to-people contacts.

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between Tajikistan and China within the framework of the SCO, highlighting the significant progress made in recent years and the challenges that remain. The article also examines the role of China's Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR) in strengthening interconnectedness and economic cooperation between the two countries.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the interaction between Tajikistan and China within the framework of the SCO. In particular, this article will examine the economic, political and security relations between the two countries within the framework of the SCO. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical background, current status and future prospects of Tajikistan-China relations within the framework of the SCO.

Key words: Tajikistan, China, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), interaction, security, partners, One Belt, One Road (OBOR).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.033

O.E. GAFAROV Junior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Scientific and Analytical Information, Moscow, Russia

THE ENERGY FACTOR IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES

The article is devoted to the relationship between the countries participating in the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in the energy sector. How the rich natural resources of the former republics of the Soviet Union, with a predominantly Turkic population, contributed to the development of interstate relations with Turkey. This area is considered one of the main directions for developing contacts between the countries participating in the OTS.

Author identifies the main prerequisites for strengthening contacts, as well as problem points that hinder the development of cooperation between countries.

Based on the analysis of the history of development and the establishment of ties between Turkic states in the energy sector, the success of the development of cooperation between Turkic countries today is primarily dependent on the situation in the South Caucasus, particularly the relationship between Ankara and Baku. While Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan have shown little interest in extending ties with the left bank of the Caspian Sea for different reasons, Azerbaijan and Turkey act as locomotives in this sphere. In this regard, the emergence and modernization of the energy infrastructure in the South Caucasus will automatically lead to the expansion of contacts, primarily between the countries participating in OTS.

Key words: Organization of Turkic States, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, energy sector.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.034

B. OMONOV Doctor of political science, Professor of the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Tashkent

THE MANIFESTATION OF THE EASTERN MODEL OF MODERNIZATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

This article analyzes the evolution of “economic miracles” and the process of political modernization in the countries of Southeast Asia (China, Japan, India, Turkey, etc.), and conclusions based on scientific analysis are given. Foreign experience is a good study for scientists, economists and politicians of the CIS member states.

Key words: society, modernization, southeast Asia, economic miracle, development concept, model, main features and distinctive aspects of modernization, Japanese Spirit-Western technologies, a system of behavior, Western technologies and Indian society, Asian values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.035

WU HANCHAO Postgraduate ISAA Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, China

ENERGY SECURITY AND GEOPOLITICS IN THE ARCTIC

After decades of peaceful cooperation, geopolitics has returned to the circumpolar north – and it is the Arctic that is the springboard for growing instability and competition at the geopolitical level in general. One of the primary roles in the multicrises unfolding in the region is that of energy resources, access to which will ensure energy security and strengthen market positions. These conflicts and clashes are becoming a test of countries' responses, ambitions and willingness to solve them. In view of the above, the purpose of the article is to examine the specifics of the geopolitical situation in the Arctic through the prism of national and energy security of countries and regions. Objectives: 1) analyze the current situation in the Arctic region; 2) outline the interests of the EU in strengthening energy security through the resources of the Arctic and the associated risks; 3) describe the ambitions and role of Russia in the Arctic region. Methods: analysis, grouping, systematization, abstraction, forecasting, comparison, generalization. Results. The study highlights the goals of various countries in the Arctic, which are associated with the development of energy resources. The means and methods of their achievement are also indicated, and special attention is paid to the zones of conflicts and clashes of interests which make the geopolitical situation in the world more complicated. In addition, attention is focused on the increasing militarization of the Arctic by Russia and the United States. Conclusions. The conflict and geopolitical frictions which take place in the High North actualize the necessity of sustainable cooperation of all key actors which should be based on deterrence, dialogue and diplomacy.

Key words: Arctic, energy resources, risks, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.036

V.A. GATSKOVSKAYA Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia

Scientific adviser:

Glaser M.A. Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Department of International Relations, Faculty of World Economy and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

VISEGRAD GROUP COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF DEFENCE AND SECURITY POLICY

The article examines defence cooperation of the Visegrad Group countries as a demonstration of sub-regionalism. A comparative-historical method was used for the study, and statistical data concerning the defence budget of the Visegrad countries were also analysed. It was revealed that cooperation in the field of defence and security policy may play a key role in the further development of Visegrad Group capabilities. At the same time, political disagreements among the members of the group have little or no impact on the development of cooperation in this field.

Key words: Visegrad Group, defence cooperation, security policy cooperation, subregionalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.037

R.I. GOICHEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Sciences and Regional Studies of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SUSPENSION OF THE START-3 TREATY

This article contains reasoning and analysis of the suspension of the strategic offensive arms treaty. The pros and cons of this action, the possible consequences, as well as the already accomplished results of this, are examined in stages. The article focuses on the correctness and validity of the suspension of the treaty for the Russian Federation, and also reveals the trends, threats and benefits that come from the act. Not only the Russian vector of consequences is considered, but also the global one.

Key words: Russian Federation, USA, START-3, weapons, treaty, nuclear.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.038

JIANG LANHUI Doctoral student Shanghai international studies University, China

NEW TRENDS IN THE STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN CENTRAL ASIA

The article is devoted to the analysis of US policy in Central Asia (CA) after the collapse of the USSR. Attention is drawn to the fact that in 2020 Trump announced the "US Strategy in Central Asia for 2019-2025", which has three main points: promoting the economic independence of Central Asia, protecting the sovereignty of the Central Asian countries and promoting the development of culture. After the events in Ukraine began, the Biden administration and American academic circles believe that the strategy for Central Asia announced by the Trump administration in 2020 no longer corresponds to modern realities and therefore it is necessary to develop a new concept of the United States in Central Asia. The main links of American policy since the 1990s are highlighted, the reasons that led to the adjustment of the American course of foreign policy in Central Asia are identified.

Key words: USA, Central Asia, Afghanistan, politics, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.039

LUO YANCHAO Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

XUJUN Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

XIANG YIYUAN Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

"NUCLEAR TRIANGLE" CHINA-INDIA-PAKISTAN: KNOT TENSION

Arms races between Russia and the US directly increase the risk of global conflict, especially between countries that are in constant confrontation. The rapid degradation of the system of nuclear arms limitation, for example, the recent suspension by Russia of the implementation of the Strategic Offensive Arms Treaty (START) with the United States, testifies to the crisis that the current world order is experiencing. In addition to the fact that the issues settled in the last century between the two nuclear powers are aggravated with the growth of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the state of affairs between the three countries included in the "Nuclear Club": China, India and Pakistan often falls out of focus.

Key words: South Asia, India, China, Pakistan, nuclear weapon.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.040

E.A. POPOVA Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

BROADCASTING THE CONCEPT OF THE “RUSSIAN WORLD” IN FOREIGN MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EASTERN EUROPE): RISKS AND THREATS FOR RUSSIA

In this article, the author discusses various problematic issues related to the broadcast of the concept of the "Russian World" in foreign media, namely in Eastern Europe. Emphasis is placed on the risks and threats of the paradigm spread in the West regarding this idea for the national security of the Russian Federation. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the main problem in the development of the “Russkiy Mir” idea is its insufficient scientific development, as well as the lack of effective mechanisms to counteract the negative assessment of the “Russkiy Mir” spread by the Eastern European media. Potential threats to Russia are exacerbated by the fact that the countries of Eastern Europe have deep cultural, historical, and economic ties with Russia that have evolved over the centuries. The spread of a negative attitude towards Russia, as well as towards its policy, undermines the possibilities for a constructive dialogue between countries.

Key words: Russian world, russophobia, Special military operation, national security, collective West, geopolitics, foreign policy of the Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.041

А.М. TERESHENKOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A FACTOR OF WORLD POLITICS: SPECIFICS AND PARAMETERS OF COMPREHENSION

The study is devoted to the specifics of the complex impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global political dynamics. It is noted that the COVID 19 pandemic clearly reflected such key problems of global development as insufficient efficiency of the international health system, lack of information transparency at the international level. The most negative macro-political consequences of the pandemic include the intensification of trends such as accelerated deformation of the global communicative landscape by the spread of «fakes» about coronavirus infection, the aggravation of political and economic competition in the form of a «vaccine war», the strengthening of macro-regional geopolitical fragmentation, including through the forming of «vaccination areas».

Key words: pandemic, COVID-19, «infodemia», «vaccine war», «vaccination area».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.042

Z.D. UTEKOVA Post-graduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study is part of a study conducted by the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University. 2. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the image of the future of one's own country, which is an integral part of the political picture of the world of the entire Kazakhstani society as a whole. In addition, today this topic is very relevant, since it occupies an important place on the agenda of Kazakhstan. 3. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the image of the future of Kazakhstan through the eyes of Kazakhstanis during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the interdisciplinary consideration of this issue with the involvement of all categories of respondents living in the Republic of Kazakhstan in an in-depth interview. The sample consisted entirely of respondents from all regions of Kazakhstan. The research methodology included 70 in-depth interviews that were conducted during the period of quarantine restrictions, namely from January to June 2021. 5. As a result, various alternatives for the development of the future of Kazakhstan were identified based on the answers of the respondents. In this regard, we can say that the study revealed the lack of a consolidated opinion on the image of the future of Kazakhstan among the respondents. It should be emphasized that this study is of a qualitative nature, therefore it does not pretend to be representative, but at the same time it shows substantial trends in the existing image of the future in the mass consciousness of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan. In this regard, this issue requires close attention and further continuous study.

Key words: images, perception, Kazakhstan, COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, political and psychological approach.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.043

E.L. KHORBALADZE Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of the Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia; Macmillan Center researcher Yale University, New Haven, USA

KEY ELEMENTS OF CHINA STRATEGY IN ASIA PACIFIC

At present, when talking about China's strategy in the Asia-Pacific region, first of all it’s necessary to focus on the One Belt, One Road Initiative (OBOR), later renamed to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), on which Beijing makes the main stake as its geopolitical instrument of influence in the region. Other important aspects include China’s economic, military, and partly political levers of influence.

The purpose of the article is to study the elements of the Chinese strategy in the Asia-Pacific region. The author sets 3 main tasks: to consider the retrospective of the formation of the BRI; identify China's main interests in the region; highlight the economic and military components of China's strategy.

As a methodological basis of the study were used: the method of studying documents, description and system analysis.

Findings: China's strategy in the Asia-Pacific region follows two tracks. First, China is trying to develop a strategy in the Asia-Pacific that would be in line with its massive Belt and Road Initiative. In other words, the economic and infrastructure projects developed so far will continue to play an important role in whatever strategic logic China is willing to develop for the region. Secondly, the most important aspects of Beijing's policy in the Asia-Pacific region – the expansion of ports and the navy – are two assets that the PRC is closely watching for future strategic interaction in the region. Ports, in fact, are considered strategic strongholds, both to protect the sea routes for transporting the resources necessary for the Chinese economy, and to expand Chinese influence at the regional and global levels.

Key words: China, Asia-Pacific region, Belt and Road Initiative, strategy, economics, security, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.044

CHEN ZIHAO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MAO SHUO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS (MNCS)

As an important component of the Chinese economy, Chinese multinational corporations, following the development of globalization and the implementation of the national concept of "going out" and the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, were forced to take on additional roles, in addition to the already existing functions of "builders of the economy" and “intermediaries in the global economy". With powerful resources and social connections, multinational corporations have taken on roles and functions that traditional diplomacy cannot capture and cannot adapt to. Transnational corporations are increasingly becoming an important factor influencing international relations.

Key words: transnational corporations, diplomacy, corporate diplomacy, diplomatic strategy.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.045

V.S. BOROVKOV Master student of the Department of International Security and Foreign Policy of Russia of the Faculty of National Security of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CHINESE EXPERIENCE IN BUILDING A NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

The purpose of this article is to study the Chinese experience in building a national security system in the context of its comparison with corresponding Russian experience. The stated goal is achieved by considering conceptual representations of national security and the subjects of the system of its provision of the two countries, as well as designation of strategic tasks of the Chinese system of ensuring national security in the face of aggravating situation in the world. The foundation of modern Chinese national security system is largely based on the Soviet experience in this area. Potential directions for applying the Chinese experience in ensuring national security within the framework of domestic conditions are considered. In writing the article comparative, comparative legal, historical, institutional, systemic, expert assessment methods were used.

Key words: chinese experience, politics, national security, national security system, concept, subjects of the national security system, CPC (Communist Party of China), ideology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.046

A.A. PRISEKIN Master student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION COOPERATION AS A FACTOR OF RUSSIA'S COMPETITIVENESS ON THE WORLD STAGE

The transformation of the world order, the change in the decision-making procedure and the breakdown of technological exchange raise the issue of revising the balance of power on the world scene and the formation of new union blocs aimed at multilateral development. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the creation of political and economic unions, but also to the dynamics of innovation development and technology exchange between the member countries of the associations due to the fact that innovations in the modern world have begun to play an extremely important role. The competitiveness of states in many areas is ensured by a developed scientific and technical policy and innovative potential. The creation and growth of innovation clusters can change the balance of power in the international arena and promote the formation of new centers of power. In the context of new challenges, it is essential to take into account the competitiveness of new associations and their desire for scientific and technological progress in a situation of possible isolation and technological competitiveness. Therefore, it is important to examine the technological and innovative potential of Russia's allies, highlight the weaknesses and strengths of their national innovation systems as well as to study the latest relations of countries both with Russia and with each other.

Key words: innovation, innovation cooperation, innovation block, international relations, Russia, China, Iran, India, Brazil, South Africa.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.047

K.V. FENIN Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

V.A. KUZNETSOVA Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

ITALY: RETURN TO NORMALITY?

The paper examines the evolution of the political party system of Italy by means of an institutional approach. The authors dwell on the period 2013-2023, when the Italian Republic faced a crisis of the party-political system. This crisis manifested itself in the form of frequent changes of governments and a decrease in the effectiveness of the political system. The article is aimed at analyzing the institutional factors that led to this crisis. The authors conclude that the political party system of Italy returned to the principles of the Second Republic. The authors suggest that new political factors may lead to a radical transformation of the institutional system of Italy.

Key words: Italy, the Second Republic, political party system, parliament, «the Five Star Movement», «Brothers of Italy».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.048

N.S. GOLOVINA Masters’s student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

V.O. SHIROKOV Masters’s student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

S.V. KOTOV Masters’s student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

RECEPTION OF LIBERTARIANISM IN MODERN RUSSIA

The political science community has been busy for a long time searching for an ideology suitable for Russian society. This article will consider the possibility of introducing the ideas of libertarian ideology into the framework of the socio-political space of Russia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the libertarian ideology and consider the possibility of its introduction into the ideological field of Russia. Since ideologies do not have a clear structure, the morphological approach of M. Frieden was applied to identify the main elements of ideology and their structuring. The analysis of public opinion polls made it possible to study the value orientation of the public masses and draw conclusions about the possibility of the libertarianism ideas reception into the ideological space of Russian society.

Key words: libertarianism, individualism, law, minimal state, justice, property.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.049

YUAN YUAN Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

THE STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" PROJECT IN THE NEW CONDITIONS OF COOPERATION

The article analyzes the content of cooperation between the two great powers of China and Russia in the economic sphere of the implementation of the national project "One Belt One Road. This cooperation is considered in the context of new political and socio-economic conditions that have adjusted the development of Russia and China.

In the work, the author explores new areas of cooperation between these states, as well as those prospects for joint activities that will maximize not only the functioning of both countries, but also the strengthening of friendly relations.

The article reflects the new vision of both sides of the inclusion of the state initiative "One Belt, One Road" in the improvement of various spheres of life and defines the leading vectors of cooperation.

Key words: national project, international cooperation, OPOP, sanctions, economic development, foreign policy relations, infrastructure development, spheres of interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.050

D.O. KHOMYAKOV Master St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF THE CIVIL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY IN THE POLICY OF ENSURING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2022-2023

The article analyzes two main documents regulating the development of the civil aircraft industry in Russia in 2022-2023. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the desire to achieve technological sovereignty in this industry, strategic documents are more of an investment than an innovative nature, technological sovereignty is perceived rather as a continuation of the import substitution policy, the creation of innovations is implemented through a system of state order of a cascade type of management without horizontal links, and the structure-centric element is the Government of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there is no platform for agreeing on a unified policy for the development of innovative production solutions, as well as for the exchange of already created new technologies. As a solution to this problem, a model of an industry innovation system is proposed, which is characterized by the formalization of relations, a decrease in excessive centralization, the admission of a larger number of subjects to the development of strategic development documents, the involvement of airlines in investing in innovative developments and the creation of a coordination platform for the development of innovations.

Key words: branch innovation system, national innovation system, innovations, network structure of relations, sanctions, civil aircraft industry, technological sovereignty.