“Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 2 (85), 2024
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 2 (85), 2024
CONTENTS
Stepanov S.A., Shaaban L. The UAE’s “Soft Power” in the Context of Energy Resources’ Diversification on the Example of the Masdar City Project
Sun Xiaomeng, Medvedev N.P. Non-Traditional Security Threats and Ways to Counter them in the Context of International Cooperation
Medvedev N.P. Party Systems and Duverger's Laws: on the Question of Theory and Practice
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.85.2.001
S.A. STEPANOV PhD professor, Department of the history and Law and public administration of the Law Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0003-4682-0445 SPIN-код: 6332-0047
L. SHAABAN PhD student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-4680-279X SPIN-code: 7328-1314
THE UAE’S “SOFT POWER” IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY RESOURCES’ DIVERSIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MASDAR CITY PROJECT
In connection with the climate changes that humanity is facing, more and more countries are switching to the so-called renewable energy sources (RES), the UAE, which proposed the Masdar initiative, was no exception. As you know, this initiative includes a project to create a high-tech city – Masdar City, which is expected to involve high-tech developments and building materials that have a beneficial effect on the environment. According to preliminary forecasts, the materials that will be used in the construction of the city will help reduce energy and water consumption by 40%, which will undoubtedly have an extremely beneficial impact on the state of the environment in the fight against climate change. Among other things, the Masdar City project is an integral part of the UAE’s “soft power” in attracting “green investments” and creating a favorable image of the country around the world. In general, the construction of a “smart” city also fits into the implementation of the “Energy Concept 2050” of the UAE, according to which the UAE plans to increase the share of renewable energy in the country’s fuel and energy balance (FEB) up to 44% with a total investment of more than 150 billion dollars. Thus, the article proves the proposition that the UAE is unlikely to abandon the course taken to introduce renewable energy sources and thereby develop a “green” economy.
Key words: UAE, Masdar City, RES, diversification, “green” economy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.85.2.002
SUN XIAOMENG Master, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia
NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS AND WAYS TO COUNTER THEM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
This article is devoted to the analysis of non-traditional security threats faced by mankind after the end of the Cold War. The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of “non-traditional security threats” and to identify the potential of international cooperation in combating them. The article uses the following research methods: historical method, method of political analysis, comparative method. The results of the study showed that it is possible to fight non-traditional security threats only. The author of the article draws attention to China's contribution to the fight against non-traditional security threats. The article concludes that in connection with the expansion of the number of new threats to security, there is a question about the feasibility of creating international organizations that have become a “unifying link” in the issue of countering global threats.
Key words: security, non-traditional security threats, international cooperation, international relations, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.85.2.003
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
PARTY SYSTEMS AND DUVERGER'S LAWS: ON THE QUESTION OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
The article attempts to analyze the role of political parties and modern party systems in the modern political process. The features of the typology of party systems are revealed. The importance of developing a multi-party system and a party system in each country is emphasized, taking into account the political traditions and political culture of the society that have developed in the country.
Key words: party systems, modern political process, typology of party systems, functions of political parties, ideology, political culture, traditional culture.
“Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 1 (84), 2024
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 1 (84), 2024
CONTENTS
Nikolaev N.P. Anthropocene – State of Emergency – Sovereignty
Medvedev N.P. Democracy and Elections: Scientific and Practical Reflections
Saprynskaia D.V., Syzdykova Zh.S. Between the Census of 1897 and 1926: Some Aspects of the National Composition of the Population of Kazakhstan
Suchkova A.A. Stages of Bilateral Relations Between the Republic of Korea and New Zealand
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.001
N.P. NIKOLAEV Professor of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Property, Land and Property Relations, Moscow, Russia
ANTHROPOCENE – STATE OF EMERGENCY – SOVEREIGNTY
The article analyzes the impact of socio-political recognition of the onset of the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch on the problem of sovereignty. The author shows that the theory of the onset of the Anthropocene, which postulates the anthropogenic nature of all biogeophysical changes on the planet and is the basis of international climate policy, is becoming part of the global political discourse. The unprecedented changes in the state and history of humanity, expressed by the theory of the Anthropocene, are also becoming an unprecedented political problem. The Anthropocene, as part of the political, has a number of unique characteristics that are capable and tend to completely change existing political paradigms. This leads to a situation that is exceptional in relation to existing norms, which is the justification for a state of emergency. The latter, in turn, challenges sovereignty as such, which cannot but cause a response from nation states. The author shows that a feature of the confrontation between supporters of the Anthropocene theory and adherents of sovereignty is competition for the right to declare a state of emergency. The purpose of the article is to understand the Anthropocene as a new political phenomenon and its impact on the global political space. In this vein, the study represents the first attempt at a scientific analysis of the Anthropocene as part of the political sphere.
Key words: anthropocene, state sovereignty, state of emergency.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.002
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS: SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS
The article makes an attempt to analyze the effectiveness of democratic procedures for the formation of power in modern Russia. Based on a comparison of domestic and foreign elections, the positive and negative aspects of various stages of the electoral process are examined. A brief description of the pre-revolutionary election model is given. It is emphasized that the elections of the pre-revolutionary convocations of the State Duma were held on the basis of a complex electoral system and with certain qualifications, and did not fully meet the modern requirements of popular, direct elections. At the same time, elections based on a proportional electoral system in modern conditions require a more demanding attitude towards political parties, which often turn into corporate associations with an unchanged core of governing party bodies. All these corporate parties grossly violate internal party democracy and negatively affect the succession of power in many countries of the world.
Key words: democracy, elections, electoral systems, stages of the electoral process, corporate parties, turnover of power, pre-revolutionary election model, foreign practice.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.003
D.V. SAPRYNSKAIA Research Fellow, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
BETWEEN THE CENSUS OF 1897 AND 1926: SOME ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN
The article examines the process of transformation of the population of the Kazakh SSR based on the first population census in 1897 and during the Soviet period in 1926. The main focus of the work is to highlight key differences in census data on ethnic, labor, educational and other factors. It is concluded that despite a number of identified shortcomings, the 1897 census serves as an important source of socio-demographic data on the population of the Russian Empire.
Key words: people, Kazakhstan, number, ethnic composition, Uighurs, Dungans.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.004
A.A. SUCHKOVA Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, candidate of Sciences in History Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia
STAGES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND NEW ZEALAND
The development of the Korea-New Zealand relations can be divided into two stages: the 1950s – 1980s and the 1990s – the early 21st century. The first period of the bilateral relations was characterized by successive steps from both sides in the political and economic spheres, that became the basis for promising cooperation both within the bilateral and multilateral framework. The second stage, when the world’s bipolar system was transforming into multipolar one, is marked not only by intensification of interaction between states in the political and economic areas, but also by active development of humanitarian contacts. Bilateral cooperation in the late 20th century – early 21st century is being enriched by collaboration between Republic of Korea and New Zealand in the sphere of culture, education and science which means establishment of full-scale interstate relations at the present stage.
Key words: the Asia-Pacific Region, bilateral relations, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, cooperation stages, trade and economic cooperation, political cooperation, humanitarian cooperation.
“Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 1-2 (60-65), 2022
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 1-2 (60-65), 2022
CONTENTS
Parez Yassin Hamad. Iraqi Kurdistan and the USA: Search of the Optimum
Morozov I.L. Historical Remembrance as a Geopolitical Category
Vankovska B. NATO 2022: a Search for Friends and Foes
Khorbaladze E.L. US Indo-Pacific Strategy: Main Dimesnsions and Implications for Russia
Timakhov K.V. NEOM: Transformation Project of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.60-65.1-2.001
PAREZ YASSIN HAMAD PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
IRAQI KURDISTAN AND THE USA: SEARCH OF THE OPTIMUM
The article is devoted to the analysis of the relations between the USA and the Iraqi Kurdistan and their interaction within domestic, regional and global policy in a historical retrospective. The author analyzes policy of the USA for the Kurdish revolt and the competition between the USA and the Soviet Union during “Cold War”. Within the research of the period which followed after the end of “Cold War”, the author comes to a conclusion that the foreign policy of the USA was substantially concentrated on the Middle East and was directed to protection of its main interests. Kurdistan became an important part of strategy of the USA on preservation of hegemony and the interests in the Middle East. Also in article the relations of the USA and Kurds after invasion of the USA into Iraq and holding a referendum on independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan in 2017 are considered.
Key words: U.S.-Iraqi Kurdistan relations, ISIS, Middle East, The USA, Iraqi Kurdistan.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.60-65.1-2.002
I.L. MOROZOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of State Management and Political Science, Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Volgograd, Russia
HISTORICAL REMEMBRANCE AS A GEOPOLITICAL CATEGORY
Considering the current trends of the international geopolitical process, including the aggravation of the interstate confrontation for military-political and economic domination, complicated by the increasing competition of non-state actors, the growth of terrorist threat, uncontrolled migration flows from the "global South" macroregion to the "global North" macroregion, the author studies the features of the historical remembrance of the Russian society and the influence of the political elite on the formation of the historical memory of the people. Political elites of different States in different historical periods have always sought to control and transform the historical remembrance of their people as the most important component of mass political consciousness in order to prevent the formation of potentially dangerous ideologies for themselves, able to start the processes of protest self-organization of society according to the network principle. To achieve this goal, information methods could be used, such as the destruction of the people's idea of their history as a whole process, the opposition of some fragments of historical remembrance to others, the distortion of the historical events interpretation and the distraction from the "inconvenient" facts of history. The task of developing a national idea is of increased relevance for Russia in the context of the current geopolitical confrontation with the competing actors of the international system and the designated internal social conflict caused by the decline in living standards and uneven distribution of national income among segments of society. The author proposes to build a national idea of modern Russia around three interrelated ideologies: Eurasianism, patriotism, and traditionalism.
Key words: historical remembrance, geopolitics, Ancient Rus, information war, propaganda, patriotism, national idea.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.60-65.1-2.003
B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and international relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
NATO 2022: A SEARCH FOR FRIENDS AND FOES
The article analyses the position of North-Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in the changing multipolar world, and especially the developments related to the Ukraine. The focus is on the alleged internal cohesion and the prospects after the Madrid Summit held in late June 2020. The basic premise is that NATO has been in a constant search for (new or old) foes more than friends, because the existence of an ‘enemy’ makes it legitimate and necessary. The ‘new’ Strategic Concept in that respect offers more of the same, by adding China on the horizon as a potential enemy (a systemic challenge, as it is said). On the other hand, the changed international order makes it obvious more than ever that the Alliance’s reach and mission depends solely on the hegemon that created it – i.e. the USA. The rhetoric of strengthened and united NATO vis-à-vis Russia is an empty one as the fractures is hard to hide. The allies are divided over the idea of having NATO (USA) focusing on Europe and the proposition of a ‘global NATO’. The basic proposition is that NATO (and USA) suffer from overambitious visions of global dominance, which is just a new form of re-militarization of the world. On paper it may sound convincing at least for the general public in the West, but in reality it bears an imminent danger of a boomerang effect on the social and economic level. Hence in due time the Western public will have to make up its mind if they want more butter (and warmth) or more weapons and military security.
Key words: NATO, Strategic Concept, Madrid Summit, Ukraine, Russia, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.60-65.1-2.004
E.L. KHORBALADZE PhD student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University; Fox International Fellow (researcher), MacMillan Center, Yale University, Moscow, Russia
US INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY: MAIN DIMENSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RUSSIA
As for today the global interests of the United States are fully projected into the Indo-Pacific region, and the concept of the Indo-Pacific region becomes the basis for extending the American strategy of “reversal and rebalancing” to the Indian Ocean. The aim of the article is to detect how Indo-Pacific strategy (IPS) changes the strategic balance of power in the region. The author asks 3 main questions: What is the essence of Indo-Pacific strategy? How the approach towards Indo-Pacific region has changed during different US presidents since G.W. Bush? How IPS affects the interests of Russia in the Indo-Pacific region? To answer these questions author used the multimethod research design, particularly following methods: document analysis, content analysis, structured, focused comparison, system analysis. Author concludes that creating virtually from scratch an architecture for the realization of its interests in the Indo-Pacific region, the United States is adopting a flexible approach of “new regionalism”. This is best compiled through the US Indo-Pacific strategy. The George W. Bush Administration understood Asia’s growing importance and engaged closely with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Japan, and India. The Obama Administration significantly accelerated American prioritization of Asia, investing new diplomatic, economic, and military resources there. The Trump Administration also recognized the Indo-Pacific as the world’s center of gravity. Under President Biden, the United States is determined to strengthen long-term position in and commitment to the Indo-Pacific. Meanwhile, Russia clearly unwelcomes the Indo-Pacific as a new geopolitical construct with military component, considers QUAD as “Asian NATO”, and sees ASEAN as the preferable Asian regional format. However, the future of Russian position will be determined by the development of this construct. If regional interpretations of the Indo-Pacific prevail, less geopolitical and confrontational, Russia’s reaction can be far less concerted.
Key words: Indo-Pacific strategy, Asia-Pacific region, trans-regional integration, concept, US, Russia, QUAD.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.60-65.1-2.005
K.V. TIMAKHOV Postgraduate student of Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
NEOM: TRANSFORMATION PROJECT OF KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
This paper examines the prospects for creating a city that has no analogues in the world, in accordance with the NEOM project proposed by the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman. This initiative is one of the components of a comprehensive plan to transform the country's socio-economic system – "Saudi Vision – 2030". The analysis of the developed strategy and the stages of its implementation may be of interest for scientific research due to its novelty and ambiguity of implementation in the poorly developed desert terrain of the Arabian Peninsula. As a result of the study, an inconsistency has been established that arises due to the discrepancy between resources for the implementation of the project and the tasks that are of an abstract theoretical nature. In addition, the futuristic nature of the NEOM project, with all its positive characteristics, which are environmental sustainability and technological effectiveness, raises the problem of data privacy, equality of opportunities and legal protection of potential residents of the "smart city".
Key words: city of the future, NEOM, Saudi Arabia, transformation program, Saudi Vision – 2030.
“Political Science Issues”. Volume 11, Issue 3-4 (54-59), 2021
Academic journal
“Political Science Issues”
Volume 11, Issue 3-4 (54-59), 2021
CONTENTS
Zorin V.Yu., Astvatsатurova M.A. Big 2021 Elections as a Context for Strengthening Civil Unity and Ethnic and Cultural Diversity of Russian Society
Мikhailenko A.N., Rovchak P.Yu. Russia's Relations with the Countries of the African Continent
Gurinovich D.F., Yavchunvskaya R.A. The Influence of BRICS on Global Political Processes in the Context of Modern Geopolitical Confrontation
Pronchev G.B., Mikhailov A.P. Virtual Social Environments of the Internet as a Tool of Political Struggle
Khlopov O.A. The Role of the United States in Maintaining Security in the Persian Gulf Region
Kudashev R.Sh. European Union: Supranational or Intergovernmental Integration Community?
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