“Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 1 (84), 2024

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 1 (84), 2024

CONTENTS

Nikolaev N.P. Anthropocene – State of Emergency – Sovereignty

Medvedev N.P. Democracy and Elections: Scientific and Practical Reflections

Saprynskaia D.V., Syzdykova Zh.S. Between the Census of 1897 and 1926: Some Aspects of the National Composition of the Population of Kazakhstan

Suchkova A.A. Stages of Bilateral Relations Between the Republic of Korea and New Zealand

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.001

N.P. NIKOLAEV Professor of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Property, Land and Property Relations, Moscow, Russia

ANTHROPOCENE – STATE OF EMERGENCY – SOVEREIGNTY

The article analyzes the impact of socio-political recognition of the onset of the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch on the problem of sovereignty. The author shows that the theory of the onset of the Anthropocene, which postulates the anthropogenic nature of all biogeophysical changes on the planet and is the basis of international climate policy, is becoming part of the global political discourse. The unprecedented changes in the state and history of humanity, expressed by the theory of the Anthropocene, are also becoming an unprecedented political problem. The Anthropocene, as part of the political, has a number of unique characteristics that are capable and tend to completely change existing political paradigms. This leads to a situation that is exceptional in relation to existing norms, which is the justification for a state of emergency. The latter, in turn, challenges sovereignty as such, which cannot but cause a response from nation states. The author shows that a feature of the confrontation between supporters of the Anthropocene theory and adherents of sovereignty is competition for the right to declare a state of emergency. The purpose of the article is to understand the Anthropocene as a new political phenomenon and its impact on the global political space. In this vein, the study represents the first attempt at a scientific analysis of the Anthropocene as part of the political sphere.

Key words: anthropocene, state sovereignty, state of emergency.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.002

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, editor-in-chief of the publishing house "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS: SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS

The article makes an attempt to analyze the effectiveness of democratic procedures for the formation of power in modern Russia. Based on a comparison of domestic and foreign elections, the positive and negative aspects of various stages of the electoral process are examined. A brief description of the pre-revolutionary election model is given. It is emphasized that the elections of the pre-revolutionary convocations of the State Duma were held on the basis of a complex electoral system and with certain qualifications, and did not fully meet the modern requirements of popular, direct elections. At the same time, elections based on a proportional electoral system in modern conditions require a more demanding attitude towards political parties, which often turn into corporate associations with an unchanged core of governing party bodies. All these corporate parties grossly violate internal party democracy and negatively affect the succession of power in many countries of the world.

Key words: democracy, elections, electoral systems, stages of the electoral process, corporate parties, turnover of power, pre-revolutionary election model, foreign practice.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.003

D.V. SAPRYNSKAIA Research Fellow, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

BETWEEN THE CENSUS OF 1897 AND 1926: SOME ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article examines the process of transformation of the population of the Kazakh SSR based on the first population census in 1897 and during the Soviet period in 1926. The main focus of the work is to highlight key differences in census data on ethnic, labor, educational and other factors. It is concluded that despite a number of identified shortcomings, the 1897 census serves as an important source of socio-demographic data on the population of the Russian Empire.

Key words: people, Kazakhstan, number, ethnic composition, Uighurs, Dungans.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.84.1.004

A.A. SUCHKOVA Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, candidate of Sciences in History Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia

STAGES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND NEW ZEALAND

The development of the Korea-New Zealand relations can be divided into two stages: the 1950s – 1980s and the 1990s – the early 21st century. The first period of the bilateral relations was characterized by successive steps from both sides in the political and economic spheres, that became the basis for promising cooperation both within the bilateral and multilateral framework. The second stage, when the world’s bipolar system was transforming into multipolar one, is marked not only by intensification of interaction between states in the political and economic areas, but also by active development of humanitarian contacts. Bilateral cooperation in the late 20th century – early 21st century is being enriched by collaboration between Republic of Korea and New Zealand in the sphere of culture, education and science which means establishment of full-scale interstate relations at the present stage.

Key words: the Asia-Pacific Region, bilateral relations, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, cooperation stages, trade and economic cooperation, political cooperation, humanitarian cooperation.