№ 2 (114), 2025
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 15, Issue 2 (114), 2025
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Kargin E.A. Culture and Politics in the Works of A.S. Panarin: a View through the Prism of Civilizational Analysis
Katkov I.E. The Context of the Analysis of the Phenomenon of Sanctions in the Studies of Domestic and Foreigh Authors (in the Period from 2014-2024)
DOMESTIC HISTORY
Trefilov V.A., Radushinkiy S.A. Military Affairs in Rus' of the XV-XVII Centuries in the Historiography of the XX – Beginning of the XXI Centuries
Suslov A.Yu. History of the Civil War in Russia in the Scientific Heritage of Professor A.L. Litvin (1931-2023)
Sviridenko E.A. Controversy Between the Josephians and the Landlords Concerning Monastic Land Ownership in the 16th Century
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Tushkov A.A., Matveev O.V., Nikolenko A.A., Somova I.Yu. Significant Aspects of the Study Some Problems of the Russian Local Civilization
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Titov V.V. Memory Policy in Russia: the Problem of Institutionalization and Strategic Management
Afonin M.V., Tikhanov R.S., Krivova A.L., Polezhaikina E.V. Risks of Election Campaigns in the Context of Digital Political Participation
Gavrov S.N., Eremkin M.P. The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Information Warfare
Novikov A.A., Pluzhnikova N.N. Image of a Modern Political Leader and Social and Communicative Technologies of its Construction
Protsenko A.L. Patriotic Narrative as a Tool of Informational and Political Influence: the Case of the Special Military Operation
Uporov I.V. Institute of Local Self-Government in Constitutional Draft of the Early 1990s
Soloveva N.A. Features of Translating Linguistic Means of Manipulation in Texts of News Discourse from English Into Russian Language
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Panteleimonov D.G. Problems of Public Administration in the Sphere of Implementation of the Strategic National Priority "Saving the People of Russia and Developing Human Potential"
Veligura V.M., Fomin D.A., Grigoryan D.K. Legal Regulation of Socially Responsible Business
Dronov A.I. Social Media as a Tool of Political Communication in Modern Russian Politics
Shatkov A.Yu. Migration Policy of Modern Russia: Features and Prospects in New Conditions
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Pryakhin V.F. The Versailles-Washington System in the Context of the Discussion on the Causes of World War II
Veselov Yu.A. The Concept of «Rules-Based Order» in the Context of Transformation of the World Order (Part I)
Luo Wenqi. China-US-Russia Triangular Relations: Current Status фnd Prospects
Nurgalina A.A., Kuzyakin A.G. Evolution of the Japan-U.S. Alliance: Challenges and Prospects (2012-2025)
Krupyanko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japanese's Policy to Improve its Latest Weapons (Part II)
Zeinollina T., Koblandin K., Ospanova A. The Role of International Organizations in Solving the Water Problem in Central Asia
Ivanova A.S. Features of International Cooperation of Russian Banks under Sanctions Restrictions
Kim En Un, Kozlova D.N. Key Features of the Diplomatic Strategy of the Republic of Korea in the 21st Century
Kiseleva A.R. Media Warfare in Crisis: an Analysis of the US-PRC Media Confrontation During Covid-19
Oshchepkov E.R. US-Centric Regional Cybersecurity Institutions in Asia
Pang Lu. Resolving the Indo-Pakistan Conflict in the Context of Multilateral Diplomacy: Main Approaches and Directions
Petushkov G.V. Career Tracks of Representatives of Youth Structures of the Council of Europe and their Activities in the Post-Soviet Space
Privalov V.A. Historical Perspective and Mechanisms of International Organizations in Resolving Territorial Conflicts
Saveliev E.D. The Evolution of the Theoretical Foundations of Public Diplomacy
Samuseva O.A. The Main Stages of Interaction Between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the Field of Innovation (INT)
Wanyu Ren. Challenges of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Russia and China at the Present Stage (Part I)
Musaev M. Spiritual and Ideological Factors in Overcoming the Danger of Missionary Work and Proselitism in Uzbekistan
Khasanova K.E. Darknet as an Instrument of a Shadow Regulation of the Illegal Market of Natcotic and Psychotropic Substances in the Post-Soviet Space
Cui Yixin. Chinese View on Russia's Arctic Strategy
Sharapov A.M. The "Sharp Power" of US Digital Diplomacy Towards Russia During the First Presidency of D. Trump
Sigal D.E. Technology Diplomacy: the Influence of American TNCS on the System of International Relations in the Era of the Digital Economy
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
Medvedev N.P. Non-Classical Wars: Modern Approaches to Conduct Hybrid Wars (Part II)
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.001
E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CULTURE AND POLITICS IN THE WORKS OF A.S. PANARIN: A VIEW THROUGH THE PRISM OF CIVILIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
The article focuses on the understanding of the relationship between culture and politics in the theory of A.S. Panarin in comparison with the concepts of representatives of civilizational analysis (S.N. Eisenstadt, J.P. Arnason). The author aims to demonstrate the affinity of the approaches to the consideration of culture and its connection with the political sphere of the domestic scientist with the approach adopted within the framework of civilizational analysis. The article discusses the views of scholars on the relationship between culture and institutional structure of society, as well as their understanding of political culture. The scientist's approaches share the recognition of the connection of power and political institutions with the surrounding cultural context, within which culture plays an interpretative role, forming a picture of the world and understanding of the position of a human being in it. Scholars view political culture as a provider of visions of the relationship between the state, society and the individual, images and understanding of power as such. The researchers under consideration share the recognition of the interpretive role of culture, but differ in defining its inner content, the place of values and norms in it, as well as in assessing the level of its structuring. The author concludes that, although A.S. Panarin did not consider himself to belong to this direction, some provisions of the scientist's works can be considered as a contribution to the development of civilizational analysis in the context of political science.
Key words: civilizational analysis, civilization, culture, political culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.002
I.E. KATKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CONTEXT OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF SANCTIONS ITHE STUDIES OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGH AUTHORS (IN THE PERIOD FROM 2014-2024)
This article is a review of scientific publications on the problems of theoretical and methodological foundations of the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries against Russia over the decade, starting from 2014. The key emphasis of the work is on the consideration of the terminological definition of "sanctions" through the prism of socio-political and economic disciplines. This study is built on the method of deduction – initially, the author reveals the nature of sanctions, their true interpretation in academic and modern discourse, then there is a smooth transition to the consideration of private aspects of the studied restrictive measures using the example of the impact of sanctions instruments on the Russian fuel and energy complex system. To conduct a qualitative analysis of the interpretation of sanctions as one of the key countermeasures in the fight used in the framework of the hybrid format confrontation, the author uses the synthesis method in terms of combining the views of domestic authors into a single semantic concept based on the ideas of perceiving sanctions as a key method of pressure on the fundamental sectors of Russia's industry and its political system. According to the author, the phenomenon of sanctions implies the creation of permanent pressure by the subject of sanctions on the object of influence through various technologies and methods, including all possible restrictions – on access to technological innovations, obstacles in terms of creating unfavorable conditions for the investment climate, comprehensive counteraction to the maintenance of established international contacts by the state-object of sanctions, as well as the targeted labeling to root in the consciousness of the world community negative images associated with the sanctioned state.
Key words: sanctions, sanctions policy, unfriendly states, Russia, political processes, economics, energy.
DOMESTIC HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.003
V.A. TREFILOV Candidate of philosophy, associate Professor, Head of the Department of philosophy and Humanities Izhevsk State medical Academy, Izhevsk. Russia
S.A. RADUSHINKIY Junior Researcher Museum and exhibition complex Named after M.T. Kalashnikov, Izhevsk, Russia
MILITARY AFFAIRS IN RUS' OF THE XV-XVII CENTURIES IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XX – BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURIES
The article examines the process of studying the military affairs of the Moscow state of the XV-XVII centuries in the works of domestic and foreign authors of the XX – early XXI centuries. The article touches upon the issue of the orientalization of strategy, tactics, organization of the Russian army and armaments under the influence of contacts with the states and peoples of the East.
Key words: military science, military historical literature, modernization of military science, cavalry, infantry, orientalization of Russian military science, evolution of strategy, tactics and armaments, chronological framework of orientalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.004
A.Yu. SUSLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia SPIN-code: 8594-8168
HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF PROFESSOR A.L. LITVIN (1931-2023)
The article examines the scientific heritage of the famous Russian historian, Honored Professor of Kazan University Alter Lvovich Litvin (1931-2023). The most important moments of the scientist's biography are recorded, including the defense of dissertations, achievements, awards, and community recognition. The works of A.L. Litvin, dedicated to the history and historiography of the Civil War in Russia (1918-1922), the participation of political parties and the peasantry of the Volga region in it. The most significant individual and collective publications, co-authored work with the historian M.K. Mukharyamov, research topics, and their place in the development of Russian and world historical science are noted. The problems of repression, red and white terror, the activities of the Tatar Chekists in the first years of Soviet power and the defeat of the anti-Soviet underground are studied. A conclusion is made about the importance and relevance of the scientific heritage of Professor A.L. Litvin.
Key words: A.L. Litvin, history, historiography, source studies, Civil War, Volga region, Kazan, 1918, terror, documents.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.005
E.A. SVIRIDENKO Postgraduate student, Faculty of Philosophy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CONTROVERSY BETWEEN THE JOSEPHIANS AND THE LANDLORDS CONCERNING MONASTIC LAND OWNERSHIP IN THE 16TH CENTURY
The article is devoted to the analysis of the polemics between the Josephites and the Non-Possessors in the Russian Orthodox Church in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, addressing fundamental questions about the role of the Church in society, its economic and spiritual mission. The key positions of both sides, their impact on the socio-economic sphere, and the relations between the Church and the state are examined. The Josephites’ victory in the conflict led to the strengthening of monastic landownership, closer ties between the Church and the state, and the formation of theocratic tendencies. Despite the defeat of the non-possessors, their ideas continued to influence Russian spiritual tradition and social thought. Special attention is paid to the impact of the polemics on the development of socio-political life and the formation of national identity.
Key words: Josephites, Non-Possessors, monastic landownership, Russian Orthodox Church, centralization of power, church-state relations.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.006
A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor at the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
O.V. MATVEEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
A.A. NIKOLENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia
I.Yu. SOMOVA Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, head of the department of foreign regional studies University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF THE STUDY SOME PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN LOCAL CIVILIZATION
The problem of studying the clash of civilizations in political science in connection with the current international situation is becoming increasingly relevant, in which the study of differences between societies is most acute and can lead to an understanding of how these societies function and how to resolve accumulated contradictions. The identification of aggregative properties of systems plays a leading role in this regard. The authors, while setting themselves the task of researching Russian local civilization from the point of view of a civilizational approach, nevertheless limit themselves to palliatives and do not pretend to a comprehensive analysis of Russian civilizational development. The social attitudes formed during the historical and political development formed a special feature of the country's development at the post-Soviet stage – the locality, i.e. the feature that fully characterizes the Russian civilization. It is the aspect proposed by the authors that is the subject of this study.
Key words: civilization, Russian local civilization, social process, power, features of the political process, civilizational approach.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.007
V.V. TITOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
MEMORY POLICY IN RUSSIA: THE PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
The article examines the problem of institutionalization of the state memory policy in Russia in the late 2000th – the first half of the 2020th. It is noted that during this period, the state took a number of consistent steps to develop institutional foundations, improve the structure and mechanisms for implementing policies in the field of mass historical memory. It is indicated that in the 2010th – the first half of the 2020th the state policy of memory in Russia acquired conceptual content and more expressive institutional outlines. Over the past fifteen years, it has evolved from narrow consulting formats aimed at countering the falsification of history to more diverse and flexible institutional solutions and practices.
It is stated that an important feature of the state policy in the area of historical memory is the desire of the political authorities of the Russian Federation to rely on the already existing value potential of mass consciousness, to consistently build a multifaceted historical dialogue with society. However, it is noted that the task of full-scale institutionalization of the state policy of memory in modern Russia is still not fully solved and still remains acute. This circumstance of the «institutional incompleteness» of the state memory policy hinders the solution of other priority tasks, primarily in the field of strategic management of the national memory space – its value consolidation and positive symbolic content.
Key words: memory policy, image of the past, historical memory, state, institutionalization, Institute of National Memory, Russian Military Historical Society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.008
M.V. AFONIN Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
R.S. TIKHANOV Postgraduate Student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
A.L. KRIVOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
E.V. POLEZHAIKINA Lecturer of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
RISKS OF ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies on political processes, in particular, on election campaigns and interactions between politicians and citizens. Digitalization of politics also implies the use of social networks and artificial intelligence, which in turn modifies the traditional methods of political communication we are used to. However, this process has another side: it carries significant risks from the spread of disinformation and data manipulation to threats to democratic processes. The article focuses on the need to regulate digital technologies, improve digital literacy and ensure transparency in election campaigns. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that although the digital era offers new opportunities for the development of democratic institutions, it nevertheless requires a careful approach to the use of technologies to protect democratic values and processes.
Key words: election campaigns, elections, digitalization, digital era, risk.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.009
S.N. GAVROV Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6439-6022
M.P. EREMKIN Student of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION WARFARE
Information warfare is a process that is constantly connected with the conduct of military operations and over the years has begun to prove its relevance and high importance. Yes, of course, victories are forged with blood on the battlefield, but it is also very important to correctly present information to the minds of ordinary people, to penetrate their consciousness, to show them the significance of this or that victory, to raise the level of patriotism, as well as to sow panic, decadent moods in the minds of the opposing side, and it does not matter whether it is a simple soldier or the enemy population. As Col. John R. Boyd said, "Machines don't make wars. Terrain does not create wars. People make wars. You have to get into the minds of the people. That is where battles are won." The essence of his statement is that it is necessary to motivate society to win, to show that the country can and is ready to win. It is very important to make the enemy soldier and his population demotivated, and his faith in success getting lower and lower. Over the centuries, with the passage of many wars, rulers and commanders realized the importance of information warfare, saw in it many advantages, additional opportunities, but most importantly – its impact on the minds of citizens. Therefore, over time there was a transformation from the use of small psychological operations in a certain territory to large-scale campaigns aimed at the masses. Undoubtedly, this was facilitated by the development of technology, from the creation of the printing press, radio to the emergence of the Internet and, as a consequence, artificial intelligence. Now many countries invest millions of dollars in operations, use various approaches to create psychological content that should influence the enemy, shoot and post on the global network directed videos and look for more and more opportunities in this field. Also in many countries there are specialized firms affiliated with the government, whose mandate is precisely to conduct campaigns aimed at influencing people's consciousness. About all this will be described in the article, where we will see how information warfare has developed, as well as more specifically understand why it is needed and what effect it has. The purpose of our work is to analyze the possibilities of using artificial intelligence for information warfare. We have the tasks to analyze the transformation of the methodology of information warfare, as well as to find the strengths and new opportunities in conducting psychological operations, in particular using artificial intelligence. At the moment, the topic is the most relevant and has further prospects for its study, as the phenomenon of information warfare is directly related to the development of information technology, where progress does not stand still, and, therefore, gives new opportunities in the development of other areas, including the sphere of influence on the minds of citizens.
Key words: information warfare, psychological impact, war, transformation of information warfare, psychological operation, human consciousness, phenomenon of information warfare, psychological content, impact on consciousness, Artificial intelligence, Neural network.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.010
A.A. NOVIKOV Postgraduate student of the ANO VO "University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky", Moscow, Russia
N.N. PLUZHNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department "Humanities" of the Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia
IMAGE OF A MODERN POLITICAL LEADER AND SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF ITS CONSTRUCTION
The study of the problem of constructing the image of a political leader in modern society, especially in the context of informatization and the rapid growth of social and communicative technologies is particularly significant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the key components of the image of a political leader in the context and prospects for the development of the information culture of society and politics.
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the change in the technologies of constructing the image of a political leader in modern society. This change is considered in the context of the digitalization of reality, which changes the subjective processes of perception in society of the image and significance of a political leader, and also creates new demands for this construction. The methodology of the study was structural-functional and comparative methods, which made it possible to show qualitative changes in the process of transforming the image of a political leader in modern society. The authors come to the conclusion that qualitative indicators of the transformation of the image of a political leader are various forms of social and communication technologies used in political activity.
Key words: image, political image, political leader, communication, social communication, social and communication technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.011
A.L. PROTSENKO Postgraduate Student at the Department of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PATRIOTIC NARRATIVE AS A TOOL OF INFORMATIONAL AND POLITICAL INFLUENCE: THE CASE OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION
This article examines the patriotic narrative as a key mechanism of informational and political influence during the Special Military Operation (SMO). The author analyzes historical, linguistic, and sociological aspects of how the patriotic discourse is formed, including the construction of “enemy” and “hero” images and the role of historical parallels in unifying society. The research shows that patriotic rhetoric, reinforced by large-scale events (concerts, humanitarian support for SMO participants), helps consolidate the population around the state’s foreign policy course and strengthens citizens’ self-identification as “patriots.” At the same time, it highlights the “dual effect” risk: while it unites society, such a narrative can lead to the militarization of public consciousness and suppression of alternative viewpoints. The findings are supported by sociological data indicating a steady rise in the declared level of patriotism, especially during periods of international crisis. The author concludes with a call for further investigation into the role of digital media and the possibility of “audience fatigue” in the context of a protracted conflict.
Key words: patriotic narrative, special military operation, informational and political influence, propaganda, discourse analysis, historical continuity, heroization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.012
I.V. UPOROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Law Sciences, Professor, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar, Russia
INSTITUTE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN CONSTITUTIONAL DRAFT OF THE EARLY 1990S
The article identifies the features of constitutional regulation of the institution of local self-government in alternative drafts of the new Russian constitution, which were developed, published and discussed after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. In this regard, it should be noted that during the period of Gorbachev's "perestroika" (1985-1991), significant changes had already occurred in the Soviet state in many aspects of socio-political and socio-economic life, and above all this concerned centrifugal relations, when at the end of perestroika many former Soviet republics showed a desire to leave the USSR and acquire the status of independent states. It should also be borne in mind that in the last years of the Soviet state, the principle of glasnost was proclaimed, and Soviet citizens had the opportunity to freely generate information of various kinds, as well as receive it in the media, many archives were opened, etc. In these conditions, in Russia in the early 1990s, an active discussion unfolded about what kind of statehood there should be in post-Soviet Russia, and in this context, various constitutional projects began to be developed, in which the key issue was the system of public authority, including at the local level. There were serious disagreements regarding the institution of local authority, given that by the turn of 1990, a new concept was already becoming dominant, stipulating that instead of local Councils of People's Deputies, administratively subordinate to higher authorities, local self-government bodies should be established, functioning autonomously from state authorities. Such a project was implemented in the draft Constitution of Russia, approved by a nationwide vote on December 12, 1993. However, other projects had different approaches.
Key words: constitutional projects, local Councils of People's Deputies, local government bodies, public authority, state, society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.013
N.A. SOLOVEVA Associate professor, Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogy), assistant professor, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia
FEATURES OF TRANSLATING LINGUISTIC MEANS OF MANIPULATION IN TEXTS OF NEWS DISCOURSE FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
The article updates the methods of translating linguistic means of manipulation in texts of news discourse from English into Russian, allowing to preserve the manipulative impact of the original, based on articles devoted to a special military operation. The characteristics of the phenomenon of speech manipulation are revealed. Possible techniques of speech manipulation, most often used in texts of news discourse, are identified. The translation transformations used to organize the context that meets the author’s intentions, in which the influencing potential of the selected lexical units can be realized, are analyzed. The social significance of the work lies in the fact that knowledge of the methods of manipulative influence used by the media on the mass reader will increase the level of media literacy, develop defensive reactions, perceive information in the media more critically and reduce the risk of being manipulated.
Key words: mass media, news discourse, manipulation, linguistic means of manipulation, translation, translation transformations.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.014
D.G. PANTELEIMONOV Master's student, Institute of Law and National Security, RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SPHERE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL PRIORITY "SAVING THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA AND DEVELOPING HUMAN POTENTIAL"
The article systematizes the problems of public administration in the sphere of implementation of the strategic national priority "Saving the people of Russia and developing human potential". The problems are systematized in three main areas: problems of organizational and managerial nature, problems of regulatory and legal nature and problems of information and analytical nature. The author attributes the following to the main problems of implementation of this priority: lack of an assessment apparatus for its achievement; lack of a single goal-setting of program and planning documents for its implementation and targeted financing; no single center for managing the implementation of this priority (coordination of the work of government agencies and civil society institutions) has been formed, which entails the actual absence of responsibility for failure to achieve this priority. The article also suggests a way to solve them through the development and adoption of a strategic planning document "Fundamentals of state policy in the sphere of implementation of the strategic national priority "Saving the people of Russia and developing human potential".
Key words: national security, saving the people of Russia, human potential, strategic national priority, problems of public administration, state policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.015
V.M. VELIGURA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
D.A. FOMIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty management and Psychology KubGU, Krasnodar, Russia
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, YURIIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS
In recent decades, the social responsibility of business has attracted increasing attention from both the public and government agencies. In this article, we will consider the main aspects of the legal regulation of socially responsible business, its impact on corporate practice and the role of the state in this process.
Key words: socially responsible business, ethical and legal norms, principles of SOB, methods of legal regulation, international practice, domestic practice, initiatives and standards, elements of socially responsible business.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.016
A.I. DRONOV Postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL MEDIA AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICS
Active development of digitalization processes contributes to the expansion of social media opportunities in politics. In modern conditions of development, the role of social media is rapidly changing under the influence of state and public development. Social media is turning from a passive channel into an active policy tool that influences various political processes. Information and communication technologies, as well as digital technologies, digital transformation processes are factors through which involvement in the political process increases, which allows each person to be a subject of political activity, promotes interaction between civil society and public authorities. Changes in processes and the role of social media require new theoretical research in this area, which is the subject of consideration in this article.
Key words: media, social media, political communications, Russian politics, civil society, interaction between public authorities and the population.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.017
A.YU. SHATKOV Applicant, department of political science and political management, institute of social sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
MIGRATION POLICY OF MODERN RUSSIA: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS IN NEW CONDITIONS
In the article, the author analyzes the features of modern migration policy in the Russian Federation. The specifics of interstate cooperation with the countries of the post-Soviet space in the field of migration regulation are considered, in connection with which such trends as the formation and stabilization of migration flows, the creation of the Eurasian migration corridor, simplification of the procedure and procedures for obtaining permits by foreign citizens, etc. are observed. In this regard, there are corresponding negative consequences for the development of the national economy, additional pressures are being created on the Russian education and healthcare system. The implementation of specific measures in the field of migration control and amendments to the current migration legislation of the Russian Federation are characterized by situationality and dependence on any specific factors and conditions. The author comes to similar conclusions in the process of analyzing official statistical data and reporting documentation of executive authorities. With this in mind, the author suggests promising directions for the implementation of modern migration policy of the Russian Federation – ensuring high-quality state control over the dynamics of changes in the migration situation, digitalization of public services in the field of migration regulation, monitoring changes in public opinion taking into account the development of migration relations, etc. One of the priority concepts is the development of appropriate schematics for the compliance of adopted normative legal acts and implemented measures in the field of migration with historical values and national and cultural characteristics of Russian society.
Key words: migration, migration processes, migration policy, migration legislation, state regulation, Russian Federation.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.018
V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Professor, International Relations Dept., RSHU; Member of the Board, Russian Diplomat Association, Moscow, Russia
THE VERSAILLES-WASHINGTON SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The 80th anniversary of the end of World War II is accompanied by publications by Western historians placing responsibility for its outbreak on the USSR. For this purpose, the thesis that the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact was allegedly the decisive factor that caused the outbreak of the world conflict is actively used.
The article presents arguments in favor of an expanded interpretation of the chronological framework of World War II in connection with the general collapse of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations.
Key words: World War II, Versailles-Washington system, Nanjing Massacre, Khalkhin Gol, Anschluss, Munich Agreement, Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, Anti-Hitler Coalition, Victory.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.019
Yu.A. VESELOV Lecturer at the Department of International Organizations and World Political Processes School of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF «RULES-BASED ORDER» IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD ORDER PART I
The concept of a «rules-based order» is an ideological construct created with the aim of legitimizing modern central power perturbation, which in the last ten years has faced new challenges and increasing criticism from developing countries, as well as from countries defending their national sovereignty. In such conditions, there is a need to identify options for the transformation of the modern world order and how attempts to adapt to them are carried out at the «ideological» level. To achieve this goal, the main interpretations of the transition of power were classified according to three paradigms of the theory of international relations: realism, liberalism and the English school, and a hypothesis was put forward about the impossibility of implementing the concept of «rule-based order» in the new geopolitical conditions.
Key words: rules-based order, theory of international relations, world order, transformation of the world order, international order, liberal order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.020
LUO WENQI Postgraduate student at the Center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
CHINA-US-RUSSIA TRIANGULAR RELATIONS: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS
At present, the three most active geopolitical actors in the world are China, Russia and the United States. During the Cold War, the “strategic triangle” relationship was formed between the United States, the Soviet Union and China. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the “strategic triangle” lost its relevance with the destruction of the bipolar system in the international political arena. In recent years, a new triangular relationship has begun to form between the United States, China and Russia. However, the post-Soviet era does not have the context and framework of the “strategic grand triangle” between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, and the classical theory of the “strategic triangle” cannot effectively analyze the interactions between China, the United States and Russia. Nevertheless, the trilateral relationship between China, the United States and Russia remains at the center of international politics, and the interactions among the three parties are of crucial significance to the evolution of the international order and the formation of a new international system. The changes in power relations between the US and China, Russia and China, Russia and the US, the geopolitical problems of states and the differences in values have become important factors influencing the international situation. Since the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis, international relations have undergone significant changes, and in this regard, the relations between China, the US and Russia are also in the process of accelerated adjustment.
Key words: China-US-Russia trilateral relations, China-US relations, China-Russia relations, Russia-US relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.021
A.A. NURGALINA Master's student, Higher School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.G. KUZYAKIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Higher School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
EVOLUTION OF THE JAPAN-U.S.ALLIANCE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS (2012-2025)
The Japan-U.S. alliance has not lost its importance at present, but has only begun to strengthen. In the era of emerging multipolarity, Japan and the United States have focused on spreading their influence not only in the Asia-Pacific but also in the Indo-Pacific region. The purpose of this study is to examine the transformation of the alliance and to identify the future prospects of the Japan-U.S. alliance. To achieve the goal, the following objectives were set: to study the development of Japan-US relations between 2012 and 2025 and to examine their partnership with other countries. In the process of research, the historical-dynamic method was taken to study the development of Japan-US relations. In this paper, it can be traced how the alliance has expanded its range of capabilities, and it is a credit to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe who focused on defense policy changes and expanding military cooperation with the US. Despite some difficulties, both sides reached consensus and it is safe to say that even with Donald Trump coming to power again, the alliance will not lose its importance and will further extend its influence in the APAC and the ITR.
Key words: Defense policy, APAC, ITR, Japan-US relations, collective security, political-military cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.022
T. ZEINOLLINA Masters, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
K. KOBLANDIN Doctor of science (history), Professor L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
A. OSPANOVA Dr. Ph.D., Associate Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN SOLVING THE WATER PROBLEM IN CENTRAL ASIA
The article notes that among the primary key problems of Central Asia, one of the first places is occupied by the issue related to the shortage of water resources and their uneven distribution across the countries of the region. Attention is drawn to the fact that the water problem is aggravated by the fact that there are unresolved issues of transboundary rivers and outdated technical facilities. It is emphasized that since the times of the USSR, there have been a number of water utilities that use water to irrigate agricultural areas. It is concluded that only with the participation of international organizations is it possible to solve the water problems of Central Asia, and it is also necessary to develop joint approaches to water resources management, improve water legislation, develop infrastructure, and promote dialogue and cooperation between the states of the region.
Key words: Central Asia, water resources, states, international organizations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.023
M.I. KRUPYANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Asian and African Studies at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
JAPANESE'S POLICY TO IMPROVE ITS LATEST WEAPONS (PART II)
In the article, the authors analyze Japan's policy to improve its weapons. Since the military actions of the warring parties during the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in the 2020s showed that unmanned aerial vehicles of various modifications, as well as long-range high-precision artillery, play a decisive role in modern warfare. In late June – early July 2021, the 36th joint exercises of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the US Armed Forces “Orient Shield” were held in Japan, in which the parties primarily used these new types of weapons. The main goal of the above-mentioned Japanese-American exercises was to practice the use of new military equipment and coordinate joint actions of the units of the armies of the two countries in the offensive, as well as in conducting operations in “various environments” (multi-domain and cross-domain) [16]. The scenario of the exercises also included elements of using cyberspace and space to solve combat missions.
Key words: new types of weapons, Japan, Russia, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.024
A.S. IVANOVA Postgraduate student of Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service (IPACS) RANEPA, Moscow, Russia SPIN-code:1015-8578
FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF RUSSIAN BANKS UNDER SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS
Russian banks have traditionally played a significant role in the global financial system; however, in recent years, their international cooperation has undergone major changes due to sanctions restrictions. This article analyzes the key areas of interaction between Russian banks and foreign partners, including foreign trade and project financing, participation in international settlements, and integration into financial alliances. The impact of sanctions on the international activities of Russian credit institutions is examined, including the consequences of disconnection from SWIFT, loss of access to Western capital markets, and the growing use of alternative financial mechanisms. Special attention is given to the adaptation strategies of Russian banks, their efforts to shift focus toward Asian financial centers, the development of national payment systems, the expansion of settlements in rubles and yuan, and the increasing role of state participation in international operations. The study concludes that, while sanctions have limited the opportunities for international cooperation among Russian banks, they have also served as a catalyst for diversifying foreign economic ties and shaping new financial strategies.
Key words: Russian banks, international cooperation, sanctions, sanctions restrictions, financial sector, partnership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.025
KIM EN UN PhD (Philosophy), Leading Researcher, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ORCID-0000-0002-8449-7135
D.N. KOZLOVA Master of Oriental and African Studies (Institute of Asian and African Studies, MSU), postgraduate student of the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1768-0790
KEY FEATURES OF THE DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA IN THE 21ST CENTURY
This article highlights and analyzes the key distinctive features of South Korean diplomacy in the first quarter of the 21st century. The foreign policy line of the Republic of Korea (ROK) in the current century differs significantly and qualitatively from the policy of the last century. For the first time, Seoul is moving towards developing a complex diplomacy and implementing a network strategy in foreign policy, using a large number of fundamentally new tools. Public and non-governmental players, public organizations, research centers and business structures are involved in achieving the goals of national policy. Moreover, there is an expansion of the geographic area of foreign policy, which is also reflected in theoretical research and leads to the development of new approaches in the political science of South Korea. The article analyzes both the changes in the country's foreign policy and their practical grounding in the program documents of the presidents of the ROK, as well as their theoretical understanding in the works of South Korean researchers. On what programmatic principles is Seoul's foreign policy built in the current century? On what historical prerequisites is it based? How does it differ from the policy of previous stages? What tools and ideas do Korean political scientists offer to support the initiatives of the presidents of the ROK? And what challenges do modern South Korean diplomats face? The conclusions of the article are based on the analysis of historical sources (legal acts, international treaties, program documents, speeches of the presidents of the Republic of Korea), as well as scientific literature published in recent years both in Russia and abroad.
Key words: foreign policy strategy, diplomacy of the Republic of Korea, network diplomacy, soft power policy, public diplomacy, bloc diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.026
A.R. KISELEVA Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia ORCID 0000-0003-0774-4785
MEDIA WARFARE IN CRISIS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE US-PRC MEDIA CONFRONTATION DURING COVID-19
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has precipitated a multifaceted crisis, not only engendering a substantial challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, but also inciting a heightened exchange of information between certain geopolitical entities. In a multipolar world, the media assumes a pivotal role as an instrument of both "soft" and "hard" power, thereby underscoring its indispensable function within the global landscape. During the period of the spread of the virus, the US and China engaged in a media campaign of mutual discredit, employing manipulation and propaganda, which had a significant impact on the epidemiological situation in some countries.
This article examines key aspects of the information war between the two powers, including an analysis of the media narratives used by both sides to shape public opinion and manage perceptions of the pandemic. Particular attention is paid to how the media in the United States and China not only reported the facts about the spread of the virus, but also actively shaped narratives aimed at discrediting the adversary.
The analysis encompasses an examination of the methods and strategies employed in the information space, with a focus on their impact on public perceptions, the level of trust in governments, and the healthcare systems in various countries. Furthermore, the article delves into the implications of this confrontation for international relations and global health cooperation.
Key words: People's Republic of China, United States of America, Media, Multipolar World, COVID-19.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.027
E.R. OSHCHEPKOV Research Assistant of the Research and Study Group “ASEAN+, BRICS+, NATO+: Prospects for Asian Integration in the New World Order”, Faculty of World Economy & International Affairs, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
US-CENTRIC REGIONAL CYBERSECURITY INSTITUTIONS IN ASIA
As the US-China confrontation in the Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific region escalates, bloc alliances are becoming increasingly important. While the PRC tries to rely mainly on its own forces, the US actively utilizes the support of allied states – Japan, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and beyond. In addition to economic, military or political confrontation, digital security is coming to the forefront of global politics. Pro-American organizations such as QUAD, AUKUS, ANZUS, PBP and even NATO are working intensively on the implementation of a number of cyber initiatives. This article attempts to analyze and characterize the effectiveness of such alliances based on official documentation published in the first half of the 2020s.
Key words: Security, Cybersecurity, USA, China, Alliances, QUAD, AUKUS, ANZUS, NATO, PBP.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.028
PANG LU Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science of Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
RESOLVING THE INDO-PAKISTAN CONFLICT IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY: MAIN APPROACHES AND DIRECTIONS
Since the partition of British India into the legally independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947, the dispute over the status of Kashmir has been the central issue in the relations between the two countries. This conflict encompasses complex aspects such as territorial sovereignty, national sentiments, and religious differences. This article examines the key approaches and promising directions of multilateral diplomacy in resolving the India-Pakistan conflict, analyzing its unique role in peaceful mediation and regional stability, with the aim of developing new solutions to strengthen peace in South Asia.
Key words: India-Pakistan conflict, multilateral diplomacy, international relations, India, Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmir issue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.029
G.V. PETUSHKOV Vice-Rector of the Russian Technological University MIREA, Moscow, Russia
CAREER TRACKS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF YOUTH STRUCTURES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THEIR ACTIVITIES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Within the framework of this study, the issue of the impact of the specifics of the career tracks of members of the Advisory Council on Youth Affairs of the Council of Europe on the political interaction of this structure and post-Soviet states was examined. The term "career track" in this case is interpreted in a broad sense and covers the process of obtaining education and participation in volunteer projects. The methodology of the study includes elements of structural and comparative analysis.
Key words: Council of Europe, youth, youth policy, Advisory Council on Youth Affairs, career tracks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.030
V.A. PRIVALOV Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND MECHANISMS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RESOLVING TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS
In today's global landscape, countries face a multitude of challenges that often necessitate swift and coordinated action, which individual nations struggle to achieve alone. One of the most significant obstacles to peace and collaboration is territorial disputes. This article aims to analyze the role of international organizations in addressing these conflicts from a historical perspective. Through a thorough examination of past examples, we will explore the various mechanisms and strategies employed by international bodies to successfully resolve territorial disputes. We will also examine instances where these efforts have fallen short, highlighting both best practices and the limitations faced by these organizations. Our goal is to identify effective strategies and learn from past successes and failures in order to better inform future efforts.
Key words: geopolitics, international organizations, territorial disputes, «soft» power, «hard» power, peacekeeping missions, mediation, economic sanctions, conflict resolution, cultural diplomacy, dialogue, Russia, global cooperation, geopolitical challenges, regional associations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.031
E.D. SAVELIEV Postgraduate student of the Higher School of International Relations of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE EVOLUTION OF THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
The foreign policy of the state is the process of formation, establishment and implementation of goals and objectives in the field of interstate relations. When analyzing the foreign policy of a particular state, attention should be paid to many factors, including the economic state of the state, the military-industrial complex, the image of the state in the geopolitical arena, etc. In addition to the factors influencing the assessment of a state's foreign policy, it should be noted that there are tools that help achieve the goals of a particular state's foreign policy. As one of them, one can single out public diplomacy, the function of which is to form a positive opinion about the state in the eyes of foreign public opinion.
The article explores new types of public diplomacy in the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage. The research is devoted to the strengthening of the role of mass media, the emergence and development of "new media". Attention is focused on such ways of implementing public diplomacy as tourism, educational and cultural exchange. The importance of sports diplomacy in the modern coordinate system of methods and methods of foreign policy implementation is touched upon.
The purpose of the article is to study the ways and tools of implementing public diplomacy in order to form a positive opinion about the state.
Objectives of the article:
– to consider the aspects of the implementation of public diplomacy through the functioning of international media;
– analyze the importance of digital diplomacy and the role of new methods in the system of tools for the implementation of public diplomacy;
– to consider cultural and humanitarian exchange between states as a tool for the implementation of public diplomacy;
– to analyze the relationship between Russia and other states in the context of the implementation of public diplomacy.
In the course of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the emergence and development of new ways of implementing public diplomacy is due to global trends, as a result of which state politicians must respond in a timely manner to the constant changes taking place in the sphere of interests of the foreign public.
Key words: public diplomacy, the state, tools for the implementation of public diplomacy, political relations, implementation, society, media, cultural exchange.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.032
O.A. SAMUSEVA Lecturer-researcher at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Department of International Business, Faculty of International Economic Relations; PhD Student, Department of Political Science of the East Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE MAIN STAGES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION (INT)
The stages of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of innovation are determined by the historical stages of two countries, the need for cooperation, determined by internal and external factors, which were expressed in the "messages" of the meetings of the leaders of the two countries. This article describes step-by-step the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and China in the scientific, technical and innovative sphere (STI), where the development of recent decades reflects the tendency to the deepen and multi-level of scientific and technical cooperation, where special attention is paid to the scientific and educational sphere.
Key words: stages of innovative cooperation between Russia and China; Forms of scientific, technical and innovative cooperation; Sino-Russian strategic relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.033
WANYU REN Postgraduates of Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
CHALLENGES OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA AT THE PRESENT STAGE PART I
The current process of conceptualizing “cross-border cooperation” has led to the frequent inclusion of the topic of cross-border cooperation between Russia and China in the agenda and has attracted widespread attention from the international community. Both Russia and China emphasize the self-sufficient nature of their cross-border cooperation models, their independence from global fluctuations and the fact that the two governments see mutual cooperation as a central element of their policymaking. However, it is worth noting that despite the positive trends, Russia-China cross-border cooperation still faces structural problems and challenges in both external and internal dimensions. In terms of external challenges, the United States, as a key external interventionist force, exerts a complex and volatile influence on the dynamic equilibrium of relations between Russia and China. In addition, the contradictions interests of Russia and China in Central Asia are becoming increasingly apparent, which is another external challenge that needs to be resolved urgently. The internal challenges are mainly reflected in the mismatch between the economic foundations and superstructural needs of Russia and China as well as in the increasing discrete political preferences of the two countries. In view of this background, this article uses literature and case studies to explore the main obstacles to cross-border cooperation between Russia and China, aiming to build and improve the theoretical system, deepen the understanding of the cooperation mechanism, and provide practical references to promote the synergistic development of the two countries and regions.
Key words: Russia-China cross-border cooperation, external chal-lenges, internal challenges.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.034
M. MUSAEV Doctor of Political Sciences (DSc), Senior Research Fellow Head of the Department of the Institute of Social and Spiritual Studies at the Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
SPIRITUAL AND IDEOLOGICAL FACTORS IN OVERCOMING THE DANGER OF MISSIONARY WORK AND PROSELITISM IN UZBEKISTAN
This article scientifically analyzes the spiritual and ideological risk factors of missionary work and proselytism in Uzbekistan. The article also scientifically explains that a large amount of financial resources directed by non-profit organizations on a global scale under the pretext of "innocent" reproduction, sows social and political chaos in the world.
Key words: missionary, spirituality, ideology, propaganda, enlightenment, morality, morals, proselytism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.035
K.E. KHASANOVA PhD Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Department of Strategic Communications and National Administration, Moscow, Russia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2045
DARKNET AS AN INSTRUMENT OF A SHADOW REGULATION OF THE ILLEGAL MARKET OF NATCOTIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Introduction. The article aims to establish the impact of the Internet’s «third level» on the progressive development of the illegal drug trafficking in Russia and the post-Soviet space. More than fifty years of Darknet’s evolution transformed it into an emergent habitat for both local and transnational drug cartels. The hidden segment of the World Wide Web has given a huge incentive to the volume growth of the shadow online-economy, rapidly adapting to the countermeasures of law-enforcement bodies.
Purpose and objectives. The aim of the study is to review current Darknet’s landscape and to establish a conceptual framework for self-organizing feature of darkweb-entities. The following tasks were set to achieve the goal: 1) analyzing the establishment of Darknet as an Internet’s “third informal level”; 2) identifying the general logic of the genesis and development of the Russian-speaking drug-platforms as well as clarifying their current status; 3) determinizing the tools for the autonomous existence of the competitive online drug-market and defining the methods for its monopolization by major actors.
Methods. In order to achieve scientific purpose of the article the author combines several methods as follows: comparative-historical, systemic and structural-functional.
Results. The trend of recent years refers to the migration potential of the marketplaces from the large «dark web» to customized mobile applications, provided by instant messages. That is why the dynamically changing landscape of threats, which comes from darknet communities, demands continuous improvement of monitoring methods as well as eradication of illicit online drug trade.
Key words: illicit drug market, Darknet, post-Soviet space, online drug marketplaces, anti-drug strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.036
CUI YIXIN Phd candidate, Guangdong university of foreign studies, Intern, Department of Political Science of the East, FGP MSU, Moscow, Russia
CHINESE VIEW ON RUSSIA'S ARCTIC STRATEGY
Chinese studies on Russia’s Arctic strategy focus on several aspects. First, it analyzes its principles and features, including the transition from fragmentation to systemicity, pragmatism, and defensive approach. Second, it examines key interests and goals, such as socio-economic development, resource development, military security, and ecology, as well as the use of legal and diplomatic tools to strengthen Russia’s status. Third, it pays attention to resource development and management, especially the development of the Northern Sea Route, where Russia seeks technological innovation and economic growth. Finally, it considers international cooperation and strategic games, where Russia balances between partnership and rivalry to strengthen its influence in the Arctic. These studies demonstrate China’s comprehensive approach to studying Russia’s Arctic strategy.
Key words: Russia, Arctic policy, Chinese view, security, resources.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.037
A.M. SHARAPOV PhD student at the Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6904-2977
THE "SHARP POWER" OF US DIGITAL DIPLOMACY TOWARDS RUSSIA DURING THE FIRST PRESIDENCY OF D. TRUMP
This article examines the use of the concept of "sharp power" in US digital diplomacy towards Russia during the presidency of Donald Trump. The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of sharp power, its differences from traditional "soft power", as well as the specifics of the Trump administration's digital diplomacy. The work examines in detail specific examples of the use of various sharp power strategies by the United States and its allies against Russia, including cyberattacks, information campaigns on social networks, economic pressure through sanctions, and support for opposition and civil society structures. The author analyzes how these measures affected the Russian political system and public opinion. Particular attention is paid to the response of the Russian state aimed at strengthening digital sovereignty and protection from external information influence. Such measures as the adoption of legislation on the "sovereign Internet", the development of domestic IT technologies and platforms, as well as strengthening cybersecurity are considered. In conclusion, it is concluded that the use of sharp power in digital diplomacy under the Trump administration has significantly exacerbated Russian-American relations and forced Russia to take countermeasures to protect its national interests in the context of increasing geopolitical competition.
Key words: sharp power, soft power, Trump, digital diplomacy, cybersecurity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.038
D.E. SIGAL Postgraduate student, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
TECHNOLOGY DIPLOMACY: THE INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN TNCS ON THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ERA OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
In the context of the intensification of scientific and technological progress, the study of the influence of American TNCs on the system of international relations in the era of the digital economy is becoming especially relevant. The article discusses the specifics of modern technology diplomacy as a means of implementing geo-economic strategies of multinational corporations. The purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanisms by which American corporations influence the system of international relations in the era of the digital economy. The object of the study is the political strategies of behavior of American multinational corporations in the system of international relations. The work uses a set of methods (statistical method, comparative case analysis, quantitative analysis of financial indicators), which allows us to consider the impact of technology on the activities of TNCs. The conclusions of the article indicate that, on the one hand, technological innovations enhance the international competitiveness and political influence of TNCs. On the other hand, they create additional risks related to geopolitical tensions and the need to comply with international standards of sustainable development.
Key words: technology diplomacy, multinational corporations, digitalization, geo-economic expansion, geopolitics.
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.039
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Nauka Segodnya Publishing House, Moscow, Russia
NON-CLASSICAL WARS: MODERN APPROACHES TO CONDUCT HYBRID WARS PART II
The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific articles and studies published in the journals of the Higher Attestation Commission list of the Nauka Segodnya Publishing House on key concepts of non-classical and hybrid wars. The review consists of three parts published in the journals "Problems of National and Federal Relations", "Problems of Political Science" and "Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations". The author examines various approaches to defining the essence of the concepts of "hybrid war", "digital wars", "non-classical wars". It is emphasized that a comprehensive analysis of non-classical wars requires interdisciplinary research by political scientists, sociologists, historians and military experts. It is noted that these studies require further study of the problem in the context of modern challenges and threats associated with the changing nature of military conflicts. As the results of the review of publications show, the study of various military-political aspects of the course of the SVO in Ukraine are of great scientific, theoretical and practical importance.
Key words: review of scientific publications, journals of the publishing house "Science Today", interdisciplinary nature, military-political aspect, non-classical wars, hybrid wars, digital wars, local nature, diplomatic methods, international security, modern challenges, the Armed Forces of Russia, the SVO in Ukraine.