№ 3 (91), 2023
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 3 (91), 2023
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Pusko V.S. Theory and Practice of Political Violence
Chemshit A.A. The State as a Form of Political Existence of Society in the History of Chinese Political Thought
Kondratenko E.N., Santrosyan A.G. Etymological Phenomenon of the Concept "Business Elite"
Budarin Ya.S. Ideologies as the Conceptual Basis of the State
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Savelyeva A.D. Historical Background for the Formation and Development of Civil Activism in Russia
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Gadzhiev M.M. The Phenomenon of Cultural Extremism in Russia: Theoretical Concept and Real Manifestations
Kondratenko E.N., Santrosyan H.G. Agents and Mechanisms of Political Socialization of Youth In Modern Russia
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Koroleva-Konoplyanaya G.I. The Paradoxes of Democracy
Khoperskaya L.L. Relocants from Russia – 2022: A Social, Psychological and Political Phenomenon
Xuguang Liu. Research on the Systematic Construction of the CPC's Intra-Party Laws and Regulations in the New Era
Novoselsky S.O., Moiseeva O.A., Filippova O.A. Communication Policy of the Executive Authorities with the Population in Social Networks
Adams O.Yu., Akhtamzyan N.A. China’s Villagers’ Committees: Grassroots Self-Governance System Experience and Improvement
Novoselsky S.O., Kuraev A.N., Grunina O.A. Analysis of the Implementation of State Policy in the Sphere of Inter-Religious Dialogue
Tuzovskiy A.S. Hazard/Security Policy in the Structure of GR-Activities of Corporations in the Siberian Federal District
Samosyuk A.A. Sources of Threats to Russia's Internal Military Security in Modern Conditions
Sitnik I.E. The Role of Social Networks in the Formation of Federal Recognition of Municipal Level Politicians
Davydova N.S. From "Democratic Transit" to Modern Russian Party Democracy. The Concept of "Party-Electoral Aggregation"
Cheban A.A. Features of the Formation of the Global Digital Ideology in a Networked Society: A Political Analysis
Ilyushin P.S. Essential Principles of Political and Legal Status of Religious Associations in Russia
Liu Qi. Dynamics of the Development of Socio-Humanitarian Technologies in the Context of Information Warfare
Sergeev A.S. Moralization and Using Grievances: Psychological Tools of Populist Political Mobilization
Gerasimenko A.A. Sociological Centers as a Tool for Assessing the Influence of the Media on Political Transformations in Modern Russia
Lyalikov A.A. Conceptual Foundations and Priorities for Implementing the Policy of Digitalization of the Economy
Maximova S.A. Activation of Political Behavior of Youth as a Form of Implementation of Primary Prevention of Drug Addiction (by the Example of St. Petersburg)
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Muravykh A.I., Nikitenko E.G. Hot Phase of the World War
Choi Jae Duk. A Study on the Change of International Order in the Ukrainian War and the Age of U.S.-China Hegemony
Tushkov A.A., Omelyanenko S.Yu. Russia and Realpolitik in the Modern Digital Environment and Legal Field: from Duopoly and Oligopoly to International Regulation in a New Technological Cycle
Popova N.V. US Global Technological Hegemony and Measures to Protect It
Kozhukhova K.E., Volkov D.A. Colonial Strategic Culture of the Netherlands: Retrospective and Current State
Kudryashova D.A. The Struggle for the Post-Soviet Space: West, Russia, Turkey
Lomakin A.S. The Rise of Militarism in German Political Discourse: Myth or Reality?
Maslova K.V. Theoretical Approaches to Understanding the Role of Culture in World Politics: Discourse Analysis
Maiorova M.A. Turkey in the Post-Soviet Space – Leader or Hegemon?
Toro Nesterenko Ya.S., Sakhan Yu.V. Analysis of the Activities of the UN Mission in the Republic of Haiti and its Contribution to the Stabilization of the Situation in the Country
Wang Yang. Some Trends in Reforming the Education of the Russian Federation and China as a Component of a Strategic Partnership
Gao Ye. Formation of the Information Policy of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Countering Cyberterrorism
Guo Fanli. The Russian Approach to Information Warfare
Karnaukhova E.A. The Crisis of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime: Really Existing Fact or Just Rhetoric? Part II
Li Yawen, Mao Shuo. China's Role in BRICS
Klimova A.S. Counterterrorism Strategy as Top Tier Priority of the United Kingdom National Security Policy (2010-2023)
Lazarev A.A. Features of the Formation of the Image of Olaf Scholz in the Context of the Bundestag Elections in 2021
Mareai Yussef Abdo Saleh Mutanna. The Implications of Ethnic Conflict in the Tigrai Region of Ethiopia for the Future of Regional Security in the Horn of African
Samuseva O.A. Innovative Cooperation Between Russia and China
Stenko A.I. Legislative and Institutional Basis for US Foreign Policy in the Framework of Promoting the Concept of International Religious Freedom
Chegodar N.D. Political Communication in Modern International Relations on the Example of the European Union
Zakirov B.B. Contribution of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to the Settlement of the Afghan Crisis
Zvereva V.S. Specific Features of Ensuring Political Stability in the Republic of Cuba
Mohammad Anwar Baktash, Rezai Romal. Factors for the Restoration of the Taliban Power after 21 Years in Afghanistan and the Role of Major Countries of the Region
STUDENT SCIENCE
Saparbekova D.S. Socio-Political Content of the Khabar TV Channel in the Implementation of the State Information Policy of Kazakhstan
Kovalenko D.S., Kopytina E.A., Sushkevich M.A. Digitalisation of the Russian Energy Sector in the Context of Government-Business Interaction
Allenova A.S. The Specificity of Anti-Russian Orientation of Political Discourse in Modern Germany
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.001
V.S. PUSKO Doctor of philosophy, professor, Moscow, Russia
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE
The article reveals the essence, the nature of violence as a social phenomenon in the life of the society, the peculiarities of political violence, its main characteristics and types, the causes of violence in different conditions of transformation of social relations. It is proved that in the modern period of society development socio-political violence is becoming more sophisticated by the use of social engineering techniques, information technology, military-political pressure on the society, the possibility of manipulating the consciousness of the broad masses of the population.
Key words: violence, social violence, political violence, political sings asilia, types of violence, institute of violence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.002
A.A. CHEMSHIT D.Sc. (political science), Professor, Professor at the Department of Political Science and Philosophy, Institute of Social Sciences and International Relations, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
THE STATE AS A FORM OF POLITICAL EXISTENCE OF SOCIETY IN THE HISTORY OF CHINESE POLITICAL THOUGHT
The article is a retrospective look at the essence and most important functions of the state. As an example, the ideas of Chinese political thinkers and statesmen on the relationship of the individual, society and power are chosen. In this regard, the doctrines, concepts and teachings of Confucius, Shang Yang, Deng Xiaoping, Kang Yuwei, Sun Yat-sen are involved. The author reveals specifically Chinese ideas about what is Due and What Exists in the worldview, about the "Tao" as the path of human life merging with the path of the universe, about a single goal for the state and the ruler, about the role of Law and Ritual in public life, about the movement from turmoil to higher harmony through order, about social justice, about mobilization political participation. The factor of political wisdom of the past in the modernization of the modern Chinese state is noted.
Key words: Xiaokan (small prosperity), datong (great unity), fa (law), Li (ritual), Confucianism, Legalism, Chaos (Juiluan), Becoming calm (Shengping), Great Calm (Taiping).
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.003
E.N. KONDRATENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management, a branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Done, Russia
A.G. SANTROSYAN Post-graduate student of the South-Russian Institute of Management, a branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Done, Russia
ETYMOLOGICAL PHENOMENON OF THE CONCEPT "BUSINESS ELITE"
This article analyzes the etymology of the category "business elite". It is shown that this term originates from the category of "elite". Since ancient times, thinkers have been interested in this issue, and each scientist approached its interpretation from his own scientific position. As for modern Russia, the article reveals a versatile approach of the authors to the interpretation of the category of "business elite" and is explained by the fact that in its formation and development it went through several stages that influenced the content characteristics, among them: the Komsomol stage, demonstrating the exit of the elite businessmen from the party nomenklatura; the stage of privatization of the banking sector, within which a new pool of business elite was formed; the next stage is financial and industrial, which led to the creation of large-scale financial and industrial groups; a bright stage in the development of the business elite was the financial and oligarchic stage, in which there was a progressive merger of large capitals and state institutions; finally, state-corporate, manifested in the regulation of the business elite by the state.
Key words: elite, business elite, etymology, category, phenomenon, political science, study of elites, social inequality, upper stratum of society, special qualities, power resources.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.004
YA.S. BUDARIN Student, Institute of Public Service and Management, Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
IDEOLOGIES AS THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF THE STATE
Today, the information society has become an everyday reality of mankind. The next step for civilization is the formation of a knowledge society. The world Report of the specialized agency of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization "Towards Knowledge societies", published back in 2005, interprets the general dynamics of the formation of prerequisites for the formation of the information society and the knowledge society. It reflects the distinctive features of human development. The modern path of human development is closely linked by the institutions of the state, where the state acts as an instrument for consolidating the efforts of individual people for the benefit of the actors of state-building.
A retrospective analysis of the chronology of the formation of various states of the world defines one common feature. All countries of the world, to one degree or another, "are fighting internecine wars for control over resources." This is due to the factors of "human existence", while the general pattern in this situation is the quintessence of management systems, which is revealed in the imposition of a different management model on conquered/competing peoples/civilizations. The international agenda clearly emphasizes this.
The article considers the issue of positioning some ideological trends and their general patterns from the standpoint of morality. It is assumed that the knowledge society is a world of high morality and culture of society, where a person strives for the unknown and knowledge. State institutions of power in this case act as a cognitive regulator, and legal and technical tools allow creating a zone of absolute trust between a citizen and authorities of all degrees. It is determined that the current path of human development is a person in the chaos of information noise, who is not considered as a self – sufficient individual.
Key words: knowledge society, information society, the state of the future, ideology, actor, information noise, religious confessions.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.005
A.D. SAVELYEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL ACTIVISM IN RUSSIA
The analysis of questions of the history of the study of civic activism is complicated by the fact that at all times the concept of activity in all spheres of human activity has a huge number of synonyms. At the same time, many scientists perceive civic activism in different ways, from different points of view, putting different definitions and trends into this concept. Very often, civic activity is equated in semantic terms with the concept of social activity. In the article, the author examines the history of the emergence and formation of the concept of civic activism and civic activity, the influence of historical events on the formation of the very concept of civic activism.
Key words: civil activism, activity, politicization, political activism.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.006
M.M. GADZHIEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
THE PHENOMENON OF CULTURAL EXTREMISM IN RUSSIA: THEORETICAL CONCEPT AND REAL MANIFESTATIONS
The prevention of extremism is an essential component of the work in the field of national security of the country. The article reveals some of the main forms of extremism, such as religious-political, ethno-social, economic, pseudoscientific, and others, and provides examples. The main content of the article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence and diversity of manifestations of cultural extremism in the country, especially in the North Caucasus and Dagestan. Numerous concrete examples, are given to prove that cultural extremism takes place and sometimes takes on quite acute forms. It is shown that the manifestations of cultural extremism are more difficult to combat, since it manifests itself among more literate and intellectually savvy people and does not have open ideologically organized forms, as in the case of religious and political extremism. The article considers the current law of the Russian Federation and the draft new law on culture, which notes all the mechanisms for overcoming extremism in culture, and which clearly emphasize the primacy of the rights and freedoms of an individual creative person. Extremism in the sphere of culture in Russia, in particular, is aimed at publicly discrediting traditional values with the help of a wide variety of arts and cultural creativity. As will be shown, the meaning of extremism in the sphere of culture is to belittle the role and significance of these values, to demonstrate their relativistic nature by demonstrating to society their own “creative courage”, “extraordinary”, “original”. The targets of "cultural" actions are such symbols and meanings as the feelings of believers, interethnic relations, historical memory, etc. The most important reason for the emergence of extremism in the sphere of culture is that socio-cultural norms begin to lose their socio-regulatory functions. As a result, there is a conflict of "new" and "old" norms, the result of which may be the replacement of outdated norms with new ones, accompanied by manifestations of sociocultural extremism.
Key words: extremism, religious and political extremism, cultural extremism, human rights and freedoms, national security, radicalism, North Caucasus, Dagestan.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.007
E.N. KONDRATENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management-Branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Done, Russia
H.G. SANTROSYAN Postgraduate student of the South Russian Institute of Management-RANEPA branch under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Done, Russia
AGENTS AND MECHANISMS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH IN MODERN RUSSIA
This article analyzes the activities of agents and mechanisms of political socialization of youth in modern Russia. The agency structure consisting of the education system, family, mass media, army, religious and socio-political organizations is singled out. It has been revealed that an increase in the share of civic and socio-political activity in the ranks of young people will be the key to the intensive and stable development of Russia. In this regard, one of the priority tasks of the state is the political socialization of such a social group as youth. This phenomenon is very interesting and has a deep socially important aspect. Thus, it can be considered that youth as a social group constitutes a huge social layer for the internal political situation in the country. The future of the country, its political course largely depends on the political sentiments among the youth, its model of political socialization. Therefore, the political socialization of youth is one of the most important transformational directions of the political actions of the existing government in any state. The agents and mechanisms of political socialization, their study, are primarily aimed at forming a new political reality by creating and ensuring the political socialization of young people, preventing their apoliticality as a social group, eradicating anti-government and anti-patriotic sentiments. That is why it is important to study practical methods of political socialization of youth as one of the models of socialization in modern political realities.
Key words: political socialization, citizenship, education system, family, mass media, army, church, socio-political organizations.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.008
G.I. KOROLEVA-KONOPLYANAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Humanities and Natural Sciences “Moscow Institute of Economics” (NOCHU VO MEI), Moscоw, Russia
THE PARADOXES OF DEMOCRACY
Democracy today is the fundamental principle the life of an developed state. However the conceptual diversity, the interpretation of the values of democracy and the extent of participation of the native masses in democratic governance is still the subject of discussion. In his article, the author tried to trace the development of democracy from its inception to the present day, to comprehend them in theoretical and practical terms. Churchill’s words, taken by us as epigraph, perfectly emphasize the contradictions between democracy as an ideal and real content.
The relevance of the topic is also connected with current events in the world and with the almost complete as crediting of the so-called “reference” liberal democracy, proclaimed at one time by Western countries.
Key words: ancient democracy, ideals of freedom and equality, liberal democracy, political parties as a symbol of democracy, parliamentarism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.009
L.L. KHOPERSKAYA Doctor of political sciences, professor, Director of the Center for Eurasian Studies Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
RELOCANTS FROM RUSSIA – 2022: A SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL PHENOMENON
The article is devoted to the problem of relocation from Russia, which arose as a result of the start of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine in 2022. Real statistical data and fakes about emigration flows are analyzed, psychological characteristics of relocators based on a sense of fear and social irresponsibility are revealed. A review of domestic and foreign scientific and journalistic studies of the problem is presented, the ideological meaning of Western support for relocants as carriers of alternative ideas about Russia and participants in political processes after the “regime change” is outlined. The "types" of anti-Russian activism of the emigrant community in Kyrgyzstan are shown. The reaction of the authorities and society of the host states to the threats emanating from relocants is considered. Based on the materials of the Kyrgyz Republic, the myth of the mass migration of IT specialists to this country is debunked, and the influence of “digital nomadism” on the erosion of civic identity is shown. The arguments of the problematic return of relocants to Russia are presented.
Key words: Special military operation, relocators, cowardly emigration, Western support, digital nomadism, moral assessment of relocators.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.010
XUGUANG LIU School of Maxism, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
RESEARCH ON THE SYSTEMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE CPC'S INTRA-PARTY LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN THE NEW ERA
The purpose of this study is to explain the context and achievements of the systematic construction of the CPC's intra-party laws and regulations in the new era. The article focuses on the summary of the relevant research results of the Chinese domestic academia since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and in-depth analysis of which is not lack of tit-for-tat argument. By sorting out the context of the systematic construction of the CPC's intra party laws and regulations in the new era, the researchers can provide theoretical support for in-depth understanding of the theoretical and practical achievements of the CPC in governing the party by system and by rules, and enrich the research on party governance.
Key words: CPC (Communist Party of China), New era, Intra-Party laws and regulations, Systematic construction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.011
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
O.A. MOISEEVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Moscow State University of Technology K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia
O.A. FILIPPOVA Postgraduate student, Moscow State University of Technology K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia
COMMUNICATION POLICY OF THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES WITH THE POPULATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Introduction: communication between the executive authorities and the population is a targeted policy to disclose the results of their activities and receive a feedback assessment of its effectiveness from representatives of civil society. In the current market conditions of information policy, social networks are a relevant tool for communication between executive authorities and the population, the possibilities of which must be used to expand the information potential to improve the efficiency of the management mechanism at the state and municipal levels. The use of social networks in the existing information field is multifunctional and has a significant impact on the formation of public opinion on certain issues of socio-economic development. Thus, we can conclude that social networks are large-scale information technologies capable of manipulating public consciousness.
Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the features and potential of the communication policy of executive authorities with the population in social networks. Achieving this goal required solving the following list of tasks: to reveal the essence and role of social networks in the communication policy of executive authorities, to characterize the basic principles of using social networks for communications between authorities and the population, to analyze the use of social networks to establish communications between executive authorities and the population of the Kursk region.
Methods: when performing the study, historical, comparative, statistical, analytical, expert, monographic methods, as well as survey and questioning methods were used.
Results: the paper presents the results of a study of the role and intensity of the use of social networks in the formation of a sustainable communication policy of the executive authorities with the population of the Kursk region based on an analysis of the engagement rates, communication activity and communication interest of subscribers.
Conclusions: within the framework of the existing socio-economic formation, social networks are a relevant tool for building effective communications between authorities and the population, which should be used as actively as possible to broadcast information, educational and propaganda content based on the adaptation of the principles of accessibility, feedback, involvement and relevance. The main focus of the use of social networks should be aimed at improving the efficiency of the functioning of public authorities and reducing the level of social tension in society.
Key words: social networks, power, population, communication policy, information content, involvement, feedback, communication activity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.012
O.YU. ADAMS Assistant Professor Department of Asian Political Studies School of Global Studies of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
N.A. AKHTAMZYAN Senior Researcher Department of Asian Political Studies School of Global Studies of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CHINA’S VILLAGERS’ COMMITTEES: GRASSROOTS SELF-GOVERNANCE SYSTEM EXPERIENCE AND IMPROVEMENT
The article analyzes China’s experience in developing the grassroots self-governance system which to this day is regarded as the embodiment of ‘people’s democracy’ and is represented by villagers’ committees. The self-governance is analyzed in the context of law-making process: designing and updating ‘Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees of People’s Republic of China’. The article also points out gradual turn to strengthening of party control over self-governance system both in countryside and in cities which is likely to accelerate after the Twentieth CPC Congress.
Key words: PRC grassroots self-governance system, villagers’ committees, ‘Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees of People’s Republic of China’, grassroots party organizations, party control, people’s governments.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.013
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
A.N. KURAEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Moscow State Technical University named after M.V. K.G. Razumovsky "(PKU)", Moscow, Russia
O.A. GRUNINA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Moscow State Technical University (branch) K.G. Razumovsky "(PKU)", Moscow, Russia
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY IN THE SPHERE OF INTER-RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE
Introduction: interreligious dialogue is a tool for achieving cultural integration. In the modern world, culture closely intersects with religion, which forms the basis of social development. Reaching agreement between representatives of different religions on fundamental issues forms a fertile ground for cultural exchange, which holds the population of the country together into a single monolithic element. The authors see the use of interreligious dialogue to achieve cultural integration in the creation of a nationwide system for the preservation of the spiritual and cultural values of all confessions, the harmonious development of the cultural heritage of religious associations, the systematic conduct of nationwide events for spiritual and cultural exchange, the cultivation of cultural tolerance towards representatives of all religious movements present in public environment in Russia.
Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to analyze the implementation of state policy in the field of interreligious dialogue. Achieving this goal becomes a consequence of solving the following list of tasks: to assess the problems of interreligious dialogue in the city of Moscow, to characterize the organization of interreligious dialogue in the cities of the Republic of Crimea, to describe the features of the implementation of interreligious dialogue in the Kursk region, to analyze the dynamics of the state of interreligious dialogue based on the index of religious tolerance.
Methods: when performing the study, historical, comparative, statistical, analytical, expert, monographic methods, as well as survey and questioning methods were used.
Results: the paper presents the results of an analysis of the implementation of state policy in the field of interreligious dialogue, the status of which was diagnosed using the index of religious tolerance in Moscow, the Republic of Crimea and the Kursk region.
Conclusions: the implementation of the state religious policy in the Russian Federation should be proactive and focused on building the highest quality interreligious dialogue. The formation of a proactive state religious policy should take place on the basis of a systematic analysis of current criteria, indicators, indicators of the sphere of interreligious dialogue, taking into account the regional specifics of each subject.
Key words: state policy, interreligious dialogue, civil society, religion, religious policy, religious tolerance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.014
A.S. TUZOVSKIY Senior Lecturer of the Department of Management, Siberian Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Russia
HAZARD/SECURITY POLICY IN THE STRUCTURE OF GR-ACTIVITIES OF CORPORATIONS IN THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT
The article discusses the problem of choosing, within the framework of interaction with public authorities in the Siberian Federal District, strategies and tactics that are provocative or destabilizing. Based on the local regulations of GR subjects on sustainable development, ESG communications and compliance, the driving motives for aberrant business behavior were clarified. The desire of corporations to survive, coupled with an adaptive attitude to risk, is seen as a threat to a society striving for progressive development.
Key words: GR, lobbying, security policy, ESG-agenda, compliance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.015
A.A. SAMOSYUK Research Associate, Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SOURCES OF THREATS TO RUSSIA'S INTERNAL MILITARY SECURITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The purpose of the article is to analyze the nature of threats to the internal military security of the Russian state in modern conditions. To achieve this goal, the article solves the tasks of analyzing the general context of the development of the modern geopolitical situation. Based on the use of methods of political analysis, the fact of weakening the methods of direct military confrontation between states is stated, which dictates the need to use means of influencing the domestic political situation. Taking into account these factors redefines the rethinking of approaches to understanding the sources of threats to internal military security that require a new understanding of this category. The proposed understanding of threats to internal military security can contribute to the improvement of military-political management in this area.
Key words: internal military security, threats, geopolitics, world order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.016
I.E. SITNIK Leading Specialist, Autonomous Non-Profit Organization «Dialog Regions», Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE FORMATION OF FEDERAL RECOGNITION OF MUNICIPAL LEVEL POLITICIANS
The number of Russian politicians who maintain personal pages on social networks is increasing every year. This is facilitated by both the society's request for an open dialogue with the authorities, and the digitalization course proclaimed at the federal level. The rapid growth in 2022 was shown by the statistics of the presence of politicians at the municipal level in social networks. In this regard, the question of the influence of social networks on the career of a municipal politician, including one of the important indicators – the level of recognition, becomes relevant. The purpose of the study is to assess how social networks can influence the formation of federal recognition of a politician at the municipal level. The author analyzed the connection between the media activity of mayors in social networks and the level of recognition within the municipality using the examples of the mayors of Ivanovo and Voronezh. The typical content of social networks of heads of municipalities is considered. Examples of the phenomena of the all-Russian recognition of city mayors are considered on the examples of the cities of Vologda and Yakutsk, the patterns that influenced the growth of recognition are highlighted. The following factors have been identified that allow municipal politicians to become recognizable among a wide audience throughout the country: non-standard behavior for their position, persistent memorable images, viral content involving politicians, and the use of humor.
Key words: social networks, politics, awareness, municipal level politicians.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.017
N.S. DAVYDOVA South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
FROM "DEMOCRATIC TRANSIT" TO MODERN RUSSIAN PARTY DEMOCRACY. THE CONCEPT OF "PARTY-ELECTORAL AGGREGATION"
The article presents the results of the analysis of the theories of democracy, democratic transit in correlation with the specifics of Russian party genesis. As a theoretical and methodological "know-how", the concept of party-electoral aggregation was proposed, which etymologically and conceptually-methodologically focuses research interest on the attributes of modern parties and their innovative electoral function – the function of forming, in accordance with public demand, aggregation and articulation of citizens' interests in order to conduct appropriate policies at the state level, acting as a mediator institution between citizens and political power.
Key words: political system, parties, democracy, democratic transit, pathogenesis, elections, party-electoral aggregation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.018
A.A. CHEBAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE GLOBAL DIGITAL IDEOLOGY IN A NETWORKED SOCIETY: A POLITICAL ANALYSIS
A significant number of modern researchers of the digitalization process are unanimous in the fact that a new global ideology is being formed today. In addition to technological changes in the socio-political structure, transformation processes are taking place at the paradigmatic and axiological levels of the human worldview. A number of digitalization trends are manifested on a global scale. At the same time, the process of forming a digital ideology differs from country to country.
The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the global ideology of digitalization. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks were set within the framework of this study: to perform the following tasks: to determine the modern digital ideology; to analyze the concepts not only of the prisms of the study of the digitalization process, but also of the network society. The paper analyzes such concepts as techno-optimism, technoscepticism, alarmism, network society, rhizomatic society.
The result of the study is the definition of digital ideology as not unified and not fully global. This is explained by the peculiarities of the development of the modern information society and the presence of inequality in the implementation of digital technologies. In addition to the technological aspect, the process of forming a digital ideology is also influenced by cultural, political, economic and other elements, which in turn are influenced by implemented technologies. The formation of a digital ideology is not over, and not final, due to ongoing technological progress.
Key words: digital ideology, network society, rhizomatic society, digital worldview, digital capital, virtualization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.019
P.S. ILYUSHIN PhD student (Political Science) Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS IN RUSSIA
In the recent history of Russia, the policy in the sphere of state-confessional relations has changed significantly. This change inevitably affected the political and legal status of religious associations.
The article examines the legislatively fixed position of religious associations in the Russian Federation and their permissible activities, including in cooperation with the state. The study is based on the analysis of the legal framework concerning state-confessional relations, as well as on the study of the activities of authorities engaged in interaction with religious associations.
The political and legal status of religious associations in Russia is based on the following principles: the confessional neutral nature of the state and its institutions, the equality of religious associations before the law and the close interaction of religious associations with state institutions of different levels. These principles are written in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Associations", as well as other statutory acts. Legislation in the field of state-confessional relations contributes to promoting cooperation between the state and religious associations in a number of different areas implemented to strengthen social stability in society.
Key words: religious association, state-confessional relations, secular state, legal equality, cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.020
LIU QI Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Social Processes and Youth Work Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION WARFARE
With the rapid development of information network technology, modern warfare has entered a new era of global live broadcasts, universal participation and territory-wide coverage, and all major countries in the world have incorporated warfare with the press and public opinion into new fighting styles. Although the construction of the public opinion warfare function in our armed forces is constantly evolving and improving, there are still problems such as unclear strategic status, not new concepts, poor integration between the military and the people, lack of professional talent, etc.
In information warfare, public opinion warfare has a special status as an important form of national political, diplomatic and military struggle, an effective means of asymmetric warfare, an important action throughout the process of network warfare and a relatively independent and important style of political struggle, playing the indispensable role of "regulator" of military power, influencing the success or failure of both sides and an important key to victory in war.
Key words: modern warfare, press and public opinion, mass media.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.021
A.S. SERGEEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
MORALIZATION AND USING GRIEVANCES: PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS OF POPULIST POLITICAL MOBILIZATION
The subject of the research presented in the article is the methods of political mobilization, which are often used by politicians with populist rhetoric. The main goal of this article is to describe how the feeling of grievance towards some actions of the authorities in the past affect the moral state of society in the present and how this moral state of society is being used by populist leaders and movements. Comparison of consequentialist, deontological moral standards and the third standard that can be called "moral accounting for approach" (Lakoff) leads to the conclusion that the use of morality is a very effective way of political mobilization, and "raising old wounds" to emphasize the feeling of discontent is a form of moralizing, actively used by politicians who use the rhetoric of populism. Politicians pursuing a populist strategy seek to use grievance to mobilize and stimulate political support. The ability to use past grievances and discontent to build political mobilization on its basis makes it attractive to politicians, but focusing on grievance in the way of a political strategy has two clear costs: it might be used to legitimize undemocratic means of achieving political power, and its use can lead to political conflicts.
Key words: populism, political mobilization, grievance, Moralization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.022
A.А. GERASIMENKO Graduate student, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Omsk, Russia
SOCIOLOGICAL CENTERS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA ON POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN MODERN RUSSIA
Opinion polls conducted by sociological centers in Russia are a key source of information about the mood of the masses, their political position, problems and preferences of various fields of activity, not excluding politics. In turn, the media act as a guide between the published research results of sociological centers and the population of the country, bringing information to them. Only properly communicated information can show the true attitude of the population to the political transformations taking place at the present stage. However, at the stage of broadcasting media information, various kinds of problems arise when they use falsification of data, substitution of concepts, which requires a more thorough study of this issue and finding ways to solve them in order to form correct ideas about political activity among the population of the country. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of mass media on political transformations in Russia by broadcasting the results of opinion polls by sociological centers. Research objectives: to consider the main sources of obtaining information about the results of polls for the mass media; to determine the attitude of the population of the country to public opinion polls conducted by sociological centers in terms of political transformations; to determine the degree of trust of Russians in the mass media according to the data of sociological centers. The research methods used in solving the research tasks are as follows: analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization, observation. According to the results of the study, it was found that the media have a significant influence on the political transformations of modern Russia, however, they quite often broadcast distorted information that forms contradictory opinions about the authorities among the population. The conclusions obtained from the research of sociological centers allowed us to establish a certain degree of influence on political processes in the country.
Key words: Mass media, sociological centers, VTSIOM, Levada Center, political transformations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.023
A.A. LYALIKOV PhD Student, Department of Political Theory, Faculty of Management and Politics, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE POLICY OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Predicting the coming changes, many developed countries have begun a systematic movement towards the development of the digital economy. Similarly, the Russian Federation has taken a worthy place in this row. Currently, programs supporting the digital transformation of the economy are widespread in many countries, including the Russian Federation. Digitalization of the economy is a matter of strategic importance in Russia. Russia is developing new information and communication technologies, widely using them in the political system and society as a whole. In modern world political practice, this important task is successfully implemented by the "electronic government". All this indicates the relevance of the research topic, which is associated with important political tasks and strategic documents for Russian society. The purpose of this article is to study the digital economy and its role in the development of the economic sphere of the state, to determine the conceptual foundations and priorities for the implementation of the policy of digitalization of the economy. The author concludes that the conceptual foundations of the implementation of the digitalization policy of the economy include the economic content of the adoption of this phenomenon as the basis of the innovative development of the state, the desire of the state itself for innovative development and the understanding by the political leadership of the state of the importance of the implementation of the "digital economy" as a concept of public policy. At the same time, the priorities of the implementation of the digitalization policy of the economy can be identified as the support of digital technologies, the creation of information infrastructure, ensuring information security and the formation of a sustainable system of digital public administration.
Key words: digital economy, concept, national program, development priorities, innovations, public administration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.024
S.A. MAXIMOVA PhD student, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Faculty of Public and Municipal Administration Northwest Institute of Management – Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
ACTIVATION OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF YOUTH AS A FORM OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIMARY PREVENTION OF DRUG ADDICTION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF ST. PETERSBURG)
This article discusses the issue of primary prevention of drug addiction, the successful implementation of which can be carried out by the youth contingent that has membership in pro-government political youth communities. The political potential for influencing this group of people is quite large, and measures to bring the youth and the authorities closer together can work effectively within the framework of anti-drug activities. The state is largely interested in activating the political socialization of youth and its constructive mobilization. Primary prevention of drug addiction, as well as active youth self-government, are aimed at developing the adaptive skills necessary for the younger generation to socialize and overcome life's problems and the formation of skills to counter drug addiction. In addition, representatives of the youth environment, especially its leaders, can act as sources of influence on their peers in the issue of refusing drug use.
Key words: political behavior, political socialization, youth communities, drug addiction prevention, youth self-government.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
УДК 32.327
A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
HOT PHASE OF THE WORLD WAR
The article analyzes the threat of unleashing a world war up to the use of limited nuclear weapons. The involvement of senior US officials in blowing up the Nord Stream gas pipelines testifies to the unbridled plans of the transnational elite and the complete utilization of the myth of a world order based on rules. With the impending global collapse of financial capitalism, the transnational elite will commit any crime for their own survival. (It is shown that) The American tragedy of Ukraine is on the conscience of the transnational oligarchy. Globalists will not be satisfied with half-hearted solutions and a frozen conflict in Ukraine. It is the hot phase of the world war that corresponds to those large-scale changes in the formation of the world order, which must fit the survival model of the world transnational elite.
Key words: world war, transnational elite, world order, conflict in Ukraine, blowing up the gas pipelines.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.026
CHOI JAE DUK Ph.D., Moscow, Russia
A STUDY ON THE CHANGE OF INTERNATIONAL ORDER IN THE UKRAINIAN WAR AND THE AGE OF U.S.-CHINA HEGEMONY
In the article the author analyzes the problems of changing the world order in the light of the Ukrainian war. Based on the theory of aggressive realism, Professor John J. Mearsheimer argued that "a powerful nation does not strive to maintain peace, but to maximize its share of power in the world." He pointed out that the U.S. participation in two world wars was not for European peace, but to prevent dangerous enemies from gaining regional hegemony, and peace was a pleasant byproduct of this action. As a hegemon of the Americas, the United States has been extremely wary of the emergence of regional hegemonic powers on other continents and taking control of the entire continent. Accordingly, the U.S. strategy against Eurasia was found to curb Russia's expansion of power in the east of the continent and prevent China's rise in the west.
Key words: USA, Russia, China, Ukraine, conflict, hegemony, world order, transformation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.027
A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, leading researcher at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Department of International Relations and the rights of Vladivostok State University, Moscow, Russia
S.YU. OMELYANENKO Graduate student of the Department of International Relations and Law Vladivostok State University, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA AND REALPOLITIK IN THE MODERN DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT AND LEGAL FIELD: FROM DUOPOLY AND OLIGOPOLY TO INTERNATIONAL REGULATION IN A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL CYCLE
This article is devoted to an urgent topic – issues of emergence and development of the latest actors in politics and interstate relations. Digital multinationals (CTNCs) become one of these actors. The transnationalization of markets, the expansion of the influence of the CNTC and non-governmental organizations once and again delve into the idea of public administration, raise the question of their activities in the legal field and building a security architecture. Modern globalization processes are more stable than ever, the value framework of local civilizations is blurred, but at the same time the problem of localizing individual societies associated with transnational corporations arises. All this denotes the research problem of the role and place of digital multinationals in international relations as relevant, requiring further research.
Key words: digital multinationals, "technological ecosystems", American and Chinese technology platforms, the legal field of activity of the TsTNK.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.028
N.V. POPOVA Candidate of Political Studies, First Deputy General Director of the “Innopraltika” Non-Governmental Development Institute, Moscow, Russia
US GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL HEGEMONY AND MEASURES TO PROTECT IT
The intensification of the process of transition to a new world order from February 2022 forces us to take a closer look at the scientific and technological security of the United States and its conceptualization as part of the nationwide security strategy of this country, which is a world technological leader.Export control should be recognized as one of the most important tools for ensuring scientific and technological security and US hegemony in the field of technology. In different historical periods during the 20th and early 21st centuries. this tool was used with varying degrees of intensity against states that the United States considered its adversaries or competitors – primarily against the USSR and its allies. Based on a comparative analysis of the regulatory legal framework (since the beginning of the 21st century, six versions of the National Security Strategy have been successively replaced in the United States), significant differences in the regulation of scientific and technological security have been established in the work. In two strategies of the George W. Bush era (2002 and 2006), scientific and technological security was practically ignored. In two strategies during the presidency of Barack Obama (2010 and 2015), it was singled out as a separate segment of national security, and the importance of investing in STEM education was also emphasized. The 2017 strategy of the year, adopted under D. Trump, argued that technology transfer threatened the economic security of the United States. The 2021 strategy adopted under Joe Biden was to double investment in science and technology to provide scientific and technological support for solving problems in various fields, as well as increase funding for STEM education and the deployment of modern digital infrastructure. Since the early 2020s, the US has recognized China's claim to leadership in key technology areas as a key threat. At the same time, against the backdrop of the deepening global economic crisis, socio-political and economic challenges in the United States, the decisive measures proposed in the new strategic documents to strengthen scientific and technological security may encounter difficulties in implementation, which gives a chance to countries wishing to form a new, more equitable world order.
Key words: USA, scientific and technological security, technological hegemony, export control, domestic development problems.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.029
K.E. KOZHUKHOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Lecturer of the Department of Political Science, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
D.A. VOLKOV Student of the Master's degree in the direction of preparation of Political Science of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
COLONIAL STRATEGIC CULTURE OF THE NETHERLANDS: RETROSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATE
The colonial strategic culture of the Kingdom of the Netherlands turned a country that had been under the yoke of Spanish rule for a long time into a great colonial empire. The analysis revealed that it was economic and military expansion that shaped the colonial strategic culture of the Netherlands. The creation of the East India and West India Companies completely determined the vector of economic expansion of the state and ensured the power of the Netherlands over a huge number of territories. The decline of the East Indies and West Indies significantly weakened the influence of the colonial strategic culture on the foreign policy of the state. Nevertheless, the colonial strategic culture has significantly influenced the foreign policy of the modern Netherlands and the desire of the state to occupy not the last place in the international arena. The analysis of the coalition agreement defining the main policy of the government until 2025 and the White Paper published in 2022 revealed the main features of the state's foreign policy characteristic of the colonial strategic culture. The participation of the Netherlands in political and military blocs fully reveals the desire of the state not only to protect its own national interests, but also to contribute to strengthening its own influence in the world.
Key words: strategic culture, foreign policy, Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Netherlands, colonial policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.030
D.A. KUDRYASHOVA Junior Researcher, ANO "Center Oriental studies and intercultural communications”, Moscow, Russia
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE POST-SOVIET SPACE: WEST, RUSSIA, TURKEY
The article examines the influence of external players in the post – Soviet space – the Republic of Turkey, the European Union, the Russian Federation. Turkey, due to the syndrome of oppression and imperialism, saw an opportunity for the return of its former influence at the expense of the Turkic states. For this reason, Ankara has gradually shifted its focus from the field of culture and history shared by Turks and Turks to the energy sphere of interaction. At this stage, the country is seeking to merge foreign policies and deepen economic ties within the framework of the Organization of Turkic States. The European Union was introduced into the region in order to obtain unilateral economic benefits, so it immediately began the integration process with economic cooperation, which required political reforms and economic liberalization. Similar demands were made within the framework of Partnership and Cooperation Agreements, the European Cooperation Instrument and Eastern Partnership programs. Russia's influence in the region was initially not at a high level due to changing geopolitical realities and challenges to Russian statehood, and therefore Moscow had to create cooperation mechanisms as an alternative to the programs of the European Union and the Republic of Turkey operating in the post-Soviet space. Today, Russia is striving to cover the entire post-Soviet space through interaction with the post-Soviet republics in the field of regional security (CSTO), economic cooperation (EAEU), joint work in the political, economic, humanitarian, environmental, legal spheres within the CIS. While Turkey and the EU are striving to integrate the post-Soviet states into their value systems, Russia maintains contact and promotes the expansion of dialogue with the countries of the region.
Key words: Post-Soviet space, European Union, Republic of Turkey, Russia, soft power tools, OTG, EAEU, CSTO, Eastern Partnership, CIS.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.031
A.S. LOMAKIN Chief management specialist protocol events of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov; applicant for the degree of candidate of political sciences, Moscow, Russia
THE RISE OF MILITARISM IN GERMAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE: MYTH OR REALITY?
The article raises the problem of examining the growing popularity of militarist sentiment in German society against the backdrop of a significant politico-military transformation in the region. German citizens have supported the country's political leadership in the area of military and financial assistance to one of the parties to the largest post-World War II politico-military conflict in the region. Opinion polls show contradictory results, which do not provide a clear answer to the question: is there a significant increase in militarist sentiment in Germany today? At the same time, the decisions of the political leadership and statements by Bundestag party deputies demonstrate unequivocal support for the political line that Berlin has chosen as the main one in countering Russian military activity in Ukraine.
The absence of moral barriers (providing military aid against the victorious Nazi Germany) and the policy of redefining Berlin's role and place from world leader of the pacifist movement to security guarantor in the region represent serious challenge for the German identity and society as a whole.
Examining and analyzing the country's public opinion on the increasing militarization of public and political discourse will provide an objective assessment of the degree of etatism, the consolidation of society, of the political elite and the state's leaders. Consideration of all these issues also makes it possible to forecast further changes in attitude of the general public of the German people on military and security policy, which is of particular interest to the domestic academic political science community.
Today the Federal Republic of Germany declares its readiness to take a central place in ensuring/providing security in Europe and in the world. Germany's uneasy modern history in addition to its complex historical and political past, form a complex landscape for political discourse within the country. The psychological trauma of the nation as a result of the world wars has a cumulative effect and creates tendencies for a revival of populism and militarisation in society.
Key words: FRG, militarization, special military operation, political discourse, European security crisis, society, conflictology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.032
K.V. MASLOVA Lecturer, the World Politics department, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF CULTURE IN WORLD POLITICS: DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Cultural activities are firmly entrenched in the foreign policy arsenal of different states and other actors. Various concepts that seek to explain international processes through the prism of culture or at least considering the cultural factor have been emerging since the beginning of the XX century and actively developing since the 1970s. The present article is aimed at reviewing the main existing paradigmatic approaches to understanding the cultural side of international interactions with the use of discourse analysis. To this end, four theoretic approaches – neorealism, neoliberalism, constructivism, postcolonialism – are compared in their understanding of culture and its significance in world politics. The author concludes that despite the long history of the phenomenon, as well as the increased interest in cultural aspects with the emergence of new types of discourses, the study of the cultural dimension of the modern world has not received comprehensive coverage in the theory of international relations. It is noted that reflexive theories have a great explanatory potential to reflect the full impact of cultural factors on world political processes, in contrast to rational theories that use an instrumental approach to understanding culture.
Key words: culture, world politics, neorealism, neoliberalism, constructivism, neo-Marxism, postcolonial studies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.033
M.A. MAIOROVA Junior Researcher, Department of Middle and Post-Soviet East Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
TURKEY IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE – LEADER OR HEGEMON?
The article examines Turkey's foreign policy in the post-Soviet space in a multipolar world order, where regional actors seek to influence world processes and claim leadership positions. However, an analysis of Ankara's foreign policy approach and discourse reveals traits characteristic of a hegemon in relation to the Turkic countries of the former Soviet Union. The Republic of Turkey, expanding its spheres of influence, is trying to become not only a regional, but also a world leader in the international arena. An obstacle to strengthening the leadership positions of the Muslim and Turkic worlds is the lack of resources and the tendency to hegemonism.
Key words: leadership, system of international relations, post-Soviet space, Turkic world, Russia, Turkey.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.034
Ya.S. TORO NESTERENKO Undergraduate student of international relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Yu.V. SAKHAN Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, Head of the Department "Mathematics and Informatics" Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE UN MISSION IN THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE STABILIZATION OF THE SITUATION IN THE COUNTRY
The stages of formation and development of democratic transformation in the Republic of Haiti are considered. The national peculiarities that impede the full development of a democratic society in the country are determined. The preconditions of the economic and humanitarian crises, the development of which led to the need to create the MINUSTAH and MINUJUSTH missions in the territory of the Republic of Haiti, are analyzed. The conditions for the functioning of the UN missions MINUSTAH and MINUJUSTH in the Republic of Haiti, their relationship with the local population and branches of government of the Republic are described. A descriptive description of the contingent of peacekeeping missions, their structure, features of their work, the main goals, functions and tasks facing the staff of UN peacekeeping missions is given.
The economic, humanitarian and military prerequisites for the creation and deployment of a contingent of UN missions MINUSTAH and MINUJUSTH in Haiti, which have developed as a result of the instability of the internal political situation in the country and the fall in economic indicators of Haiti, are analyzed. The analysis of the activities of the UN mission, its relationship in the course of fulfilling the goals and objectives of missions with the indigenous population and the national government of the country was carried out. Both the positive aspects of the activities of the UN mission in Haiti, and the negative consequences of its work are identified. The negative information background that accompanied the UN missions in the Republic of Haiti is characterized and the degree of its influence on the result of the stay and work of the UN missions in the Republic of Haiti is determined.
Key words: UN, UNICEF, Haiti, peacekeeping mission, refugees, economic indicators, democracy, corruption, humanitarian crisis.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.035
WANG YANG Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov; Lecturer at Weifang University of China, Moscow, Russia
SOME TRENDS IN REFORMING THE EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA AS A COMPONENT OF A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
The relevance of the proposed problem lies in the growing role of education in modern states. Education, being one of the main social institutions, in modern conditions of development, implements various socio-political functions, creates the basis for generating the most significant innovations and best practices. determining the prospects for the development of society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the education system of the People's Republic of China – the Russian Federation and the main trends in the process of its reform. The object of the study is education as a factor in the state and public life of the PRC and the Russian Federation.
Key words: Russian-Chinese cooperation, strategic partnership, reform, education, national strategies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.036
GAO YE PhD student Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION POLICY OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION IN COUNTERING CYBERTERRORISM
The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the most urgent problems of the modern world in the field of information and communication technologies, which have covered almost all spheres of society and the state. It is emphasized that at present new media technologies affect not only in a positive way, but they can also have a negative impact and become a tool of destabilization in each particular state or in an international organization. It is emphasized that only by using new ICT technologies and strengthening ties at all levels, international organizations will be able to maintain stable and progressive development, and the SCO is no exception in this series.
Key words: SCO, cyberterrorism, China, Central Asia, borders.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.037
GUO FANLI PhD student, Department of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE RUSSIAN APPROACH TO INFORMATION WARFARE
The article analyzes the nature and peculiarities of the Russian approach to information confrontation and examines the evolution of Russian combativeness to information confrontation. It is noted that there are notable differences between Russian and Western perceptions of a number of concepts and phenomena related to information security. In particular, in Russian theory and practice, information confrontation is characterized by “duality” – it has served both as a threat to the country's security and as a highly effective weapon for strengthening internal cohesion and deterring the enemy.
Key words: information confrontation, information operations, information security, Russia, USA, the West.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.038
E.A. KARNAUKHOVA Postgraduate Student of the School of World Politics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CRISIS OF THE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION REGIME: REALLY EXISTING FACT OR JUST RHETORIC? PART II
The author of this article raises the question whether the "crisis" of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the nuclear nonproliferation regime is a real fact or is it just a rethoric. The discussion about this "crisis" was boosted after the unsuccessful Tenth NPT Review Conference (August 1-26, 2022), which ended without the adoption of the outcome document, as well as against the background of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine. The interest in this research question is connected with the fact that already in the works of the 1970s, some researchers, at least in the West, raised the problem of the NPT imminent collapse. In modern Russia, warnings about the challenges and threats to the stability of the nuclear nonproliferation regime and the risks of the emergence of new nuclear powers can be found in the researches of the 1990s-2000s. However, despite such discussions and actually a large number of problems in the field of nuclear nonproliferation, the NPT itself and the entire regime continue to function for more than 50 years. The author draws on historical material to understand the context of the development of the NPT, and analyzes its conditions. On this basis, the author defines the priorities and the main contradictions of the NPT and the nuclear nonproliferation regime, which lay the objective prerequisites for their permanent "crisis". Concluding that it is premature to talk about a deep crisis, the author uses the concept of "erosion" and pays attention to the fact that the current stage of international confrontation, namely speculation and one-sided consideration of the situation around Ukraine, can lay the foundation when the fine line between "erosion" and "crisis" is passed.
Key words: contradictions of the NPT, nuclear nonproliferation regime, review conferences, "nuclear five", crisis rhetoric, erosion of the regime.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.039
LI YAWEN Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
MAO SHUO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CHINA'S ROLE IN BRICS
Despite the fact that more than ten years have passed since the creation of the BRICS, the connection between the member states is becoming stronger. In China's foreign policy, strengthening ties with other BRICS countries has always occupied a special place and received special attention. During this time, China has made significant progress in various areas of cooperation within the organization, despite the difficult international, political and economic situation.
At present, China's role in supporting world development, expanding openness to the outside world, and stimulating world economic integration is becoming increasingly significant. In the complex context of growing trade protectionism, China's initiatives, uniting East and West, developed countries with developing countries, are designed to give new impetus to the integration process, trade liberalization, protecting the interests of developing countries and economic development in the region and in the world.
Key words: China, BRICS, foreign policy, new era, fight against the pandemic, partnership, economic development, common destiny community, global challenges, global governance, democratization, digital economy, international law.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.040
A.S. KLIMOVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, The faculty of World Politics, Moscow, Russia
COUNTERTERRORISM STRATEGY AS TOP TIER PRIORITY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY (2010-2023)
The UK Government's counter-terrorism policy defines the long-term development trajectory of the United Kingdom's security sector. This article is devoted to the analysis of UK’s fight against terrorism and extremism, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the policies of the government under D. Cameron, T. May, B. Johnson, L. Truss and R. Sunak in 2010-2023. The purpose of this article is to assess the strategic documents of British government and practical measures to combat terrorism, as well as the results obtained in this area.
Counter-terrorism policies in 2010-2023 included both preventive measures and measures to respond promptly to all kinds of attacks, but accountability and monitoring mechanisms for the effectiveness of these policies have not received sufficient attention. D. Cameron received the task of overcoming rising extremism and terrorism both within the UK and abroad. In the fight against terrorism, the UK focused on deradicalization, the work with local communities, strengthening intelligence services, combating cyber-attacks, modifying migration laws taking into account the problem of fighters recruited by ISIL in the UK. The UK authorities currently have the resources to adequately respond to most of the possible threats. However, there are a number of non-standard ways to prepare and implement terrorist attacks, for which adequate response measures have not yet been developed. Concern is also caused by a significant increase in cybercrime in 2021-2022. The analysis of documents and practical measures in the field of countering terrorism allows drawing conclusions regarding the successes and indeterminate problems in this area.
Key words: the United Kingdom, national security, terrorism, cyberterrorism, counterterrorism, «Contest» strategy, «Prevent» programme.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.041
A.A. LAZAREV Graduate student, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF OLAF SCHOLZ IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BUNDESTAG ELECTIONS IN 2021
The article observes the features of the image formation of Olaf Scholz in the process of the elections to the Bundestag 2021. The strategies and mechanisms of the election campaign, the crimes of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and its leader Olaf Scholz in particular are analyzed. Thus, it was concluded that the construction of a policy volume represents the use of general media using effective mechanisms in election campaigns. In this regard, elements of self-promotion of politics, using symbols and mechanisms perceived by constituencies, successfully carry out a pre-election campaign.
Key words: formation of a political image, election campaigns, image of a leader, mechanisms of self-positioning.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.042
MAREAI YUSSEF ABDO SALEH MUTANNA Postgraduate student of St. Petersburg state university, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE IMPLICATIONS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT IN THE TIGRAI REGION OF ETHIOPIA FOR THE FUTURE OF REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE HORN OF AFRICAN
The current regime in Ethiopia adopted ethnic federalism and redesigned the country along ethnic lines as soon as it took political power in 1991. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the ethnic conflict in Ethiopia and its risks to regional security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea, and also to try to assess the possible causes of these conflicts. There are competing claims for and against federalism. And while it would be correct to state that the founding principles of federalism have few ideological flaws, it is possible that technical problems (types and forms) could interfere with the imposed federal system in Ethiopia. Thus, the ethnic conflicts prevailing in Ethiopia may be caused by similar technical problems, and the federal structure of ethnic minorities in Ethiopia needs to be urgently reviewed before things go according to the worst-case scenario.
Key words: Ethiopia, Tigray, Tigray People's Liberation Front, security in the Red Sea, separatist demands.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.043
O.A. SAMUSEVA Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
INNOVATIVE COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
This article is devoted to the actual problem of the development of modern states and societies – the innovation environment. The results of innovations largely determine the success of the socio-economic development of states. The purpose of this study is to characterize the political coordination of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the field of innovation. Cooperation between Russia and China in the field of science, technology and innovation is of great importance in modern geopolitical conditions. The factors shaping the status of states in the innovation sphere are determined.
Key words: strategic partnership, innovative cooperation, scientific and technical innovations, competition, dialogue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.044
A.I. STENKO Postgraduate Student, Department of Comparative Political Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL BASIS FOR US FOREIGN POLICY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF PROMOTING THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Aim. To conduct an in-depth analysis of the legislative, institutional, and fiscal basis of the United States foreign policy methods and instruments in promoting the concept of International Religious Freedom.
Methodology. The article is based on a study of official documents available on the Internet from the archives of US government agencies (Congress, State Department, etc.), aimed at securing the sphere of International Religious Freedom as one of the current international priorities of Washington's foreign policy.
Results. A holistic picture of the arsenal of methods accumulated by the United States aimed at making use of the religious sphere as a tool to achieve its strategic priorities on the world stage is formed. The system that Washington has at the current stage of connecting church and confessional instruments to the national hierarchy of government bodies involved in the implementation of the White House's foreign policy line is detailed.
Theoretical and/or practical significance. The materials of the study can be used in educational activities in order to counteract the complex anti-Russian propaganda of the United States and other Western countries, who seem to increasingly involve religious issues into their policy towards Russia.
Key words: United States International Religious Freedom Act, US foreign policy, the religious factor in Washington's policy on the world stage, sanctions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.045
N.D. CHEGODAR PhD student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
This article is dedicated to the features of modern political communication on the example of the European Union (EU), taking into account current international political processes. The purpose of the research is to identify the key aspects of modern political communication, using the EU as a good example of the use of various communication resources and participation in information wars in the context of interaction with Russia. Using a systematic approach, an institutional method and case-study, the author identifies the main trends in political communication in modern world politics and demonstrates their practical application in the case of the EU as an actor seeking to spread specific political narratives and concludes that competition in the field of digital diplomacy is intensifying.
Key words: political communication, international relations, European union, information wars, digital diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.046
B.B. ZAKIROV Ph.D. student at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Scientific specialty "International Relations" (Political Science), the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CONTRIBUTION OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION TO THE SETTLEMENT OF THE AFGHAN CRISIS
The article examines the ways of political settlement in Afghanistan by the countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Against the background of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the arrival of the new political leadership of the Taliban movement in August 2021, the risks of escalation of the situation in the country have significantly increased. Afghanistan is in a deep crisis and there are still serious challenges and threats to the region, including: international terrorism, extremism, drug and arms trafficking. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, having a huge potential in solving a complex of security problems and being a key element of the Eurasian security architecture, is able to stop challenges and threats emanating from Afghanistan. Despite the fact that positions on the Afghan crisis differ between the countries of the organization, a consolidated standpoint was developed at the SCO summit in Samarkand in September 2022. All the SCO states have agreed that it is necessary to solve the Afghan problem exclusively through political and diplomatic means. Thus, the SCO's role as one of the emerging centers of power in Eurasia is increasing and, most likely, the organization’s policy in the region will become an example of a successful solution to the Afghan problem.
Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Afghanistan, SCO countries, regional security, Afghan problem.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.047
V.S. ZVEREVA Postgraduate student, Department of comparative politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ENSURING POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA
The article discusses the prerequisites and mechanisms for ensuring political stability in the Republic of Cuba for the period from 2008 to 2022. The research aim is to identify the resources of the regime's stability. A systematic approach contributed to determine the internal and external conditions for ensuring political stability. The conducted research demonstrates that political stability is ensured by the following factors: the universal social policy guaranteeing rights and equal access to basic education, health and culture services; the inviolable basic revolutionary principles and ideals with a high level of moral education; the adoption of legal regulators to overcome the information pressure; the high level of public support for the Communist Party of Cuba and its leaders; the avant-garde young people and mass public organizations that maintain the continuity of socialist transformations under the new circumstances; the development of allied relations with the alternative US world's centers of power, as well as wide international recognition of Cuba for its scientific and technological achievements, humanistic vocation and ability to withstand the pressure.
Key words: Cuba, geopolitics, United States, socialism, stability, conceptualization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.048
MOHAMMAD ANWAR BAKTASH PhD Student, Department of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia
REZAI ROMAL Master student of the Department of Theory and History International Relations of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia
FACTORS FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE TALIBAN POWER AFTER 21 YEARS IN AFGHANISTAN AND THE ROLE OF MAJOR COUNTRIES OF THE REGION
After 20 years of war, the Taliban captured Kabul and declared their victory. Failure to create a strong army with high morale, human casualties and economic costs of the war, failure to cut Taliban financial resources and US mistakes during the war, corruption and ethnocentrism in the Afghan government, the formation of extralegal governments, war tactics and changes in the ethnic policy of the Taliban are the main factor in the return of this group to power. At the same time, thanks to the international legitimacy of the Taliban government and the continued assistance of the international community to Afghanistan, it is possible to ensure security and relative peace in this country.
Key words: America, Afghanistan, Taliban, ISIS, international community.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.049
D.S. SAPARBEKOVA Master's student of the Faculty of Journalism of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS, Moscow, Russia
SOCIO-POLITICAL CONTENT OF THE KHABAR TV CHANNEL IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE INFORMATION POLICY OF KAZAKHSTAN
The article discusses the socio-political content of the Khabar TV channel in the implementation of the state information policy of Kazakhstan in the context of the activation of new information technologies. It is emphasized that the «Khabar» TV channel broadcasts a wide range of programs aimed at reaching viewers of different ages. When combining news and analytical programs, it is also necessary to strive to introduce new types of programs using new mechanisms for preparing and submitting programs. It is noted that the state media of Kazakhstan should pay attention to the updating of information and communication technologies, taking into account the era of digitalization.
Key words: "Khabar", television, Kazakhstan, information technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.050
D.S. KOVALENKO Student of Social Sciences and Mass Communication Faculty, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
E.A. KOPYTINA Student of Social Sciences and Mass Communication Faculty, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
M.A. SUSHKEVICH Student of Social Sciences and Mass Communication Faculty, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
DIGITALISATION OF THE RUSSIAN ENERGY SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF GOVERNMENT-BUSINESS INTERACTION
In recent decades, digital transformation has actively affected the energy sector of the Russian Federation, becoming a direct factor in the development of companies within the industry. The interaction between business and government in promoting digitalisation has a direct impact on the development of the energy sector and the performance of the Russian economy. The study of this process should take into account such factors as the trend of transition to renewable energy, as well as the dependence of the domestic energy sector on foreign software.
Key words: digitalisation, energy sector, FEC, business, domestic software.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.051
A.S. ALLENOVA MA in Comparative Political Science, RUDN, Moscow, Russia
THE SPECIFICITY OF ANTI-RUSSIAN ORIENTATION OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN MODERN GERMANY
The article analyses the political discourse of modern Germany. After 2014, the anti-Russian orientation of political discourse can be observed. After the start of a special military operation, the anti-Russian orientation of German discourse received a new impetus. The author attributes this phenomenon to a speech delivered by the German Federal Chancellor, dubbed the "Zeitwende". The purpose of this article is to examine the specifics of the anti-Russian thrust and to analyse the discursive technologies used to create an image of Russia in the German consciousness. This objective is achieved through a linguistic and cognitive analysis of the speeches of German politicians, as well as articles of leading German media. Based on the media headlines and priority topics, the informational reasons, tone and vector of orientation were determined. Based on the study of political discourse, the positions of Russia were defined; markers and templates used in the information flow were identified, as well as linguistic techniques of shaping the image of the country. The analysis shows that Russia is presented as a "military aggressor", an "invader" with a totalitarian regime. General scientific methods of cognitive and interpretative linguistic discourse analysis were used in this article.
Key words: political discourse, mass media, manipulative pressure, Germany, anti-Russian discourse, political communication.