№ 9-2 (97-2), 2023
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 9-2 (97-2), 2023
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Lozhkin E.A. The Concept of "Russian Northerners" as the Basis of the Political Philosophy of M.M. Shcherbatov
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Koliukin D.V. Domestic Historiography of Khrushchev's Anti-Religious Campaign of 1958-1964
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Dobrynina M.V., Rastimeshina T.V. Non-Participation of Young People in Elections and Referendums as a Challenge to Democracy
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Grigoryan D.K., Delov N.S., Kunitsa M.D. Absenteeism and Democracy in Modern Russia: Problems of Legal Illiteracy
Annenkov V.I., Moiseev A.V. Psychological Coercion is One of the Main Methods of Conducting "Color Revolutions" of Hybrid Warfare
Lustin K.A. The Origins, Classification, Causes and Features of the Manifestation of Female Terrorism in the Russian Federation
Pilipenko A.V. What the Ideology Should be in the Age of High Technology?
Belsky V.A. Analysing Mercosur in the Context of the Principles of Regional Integrations
Romachev R.V., Timofeeva A.P. The Phenomenon of “Revolving Doors” as a Paradigm of the US Corporacracy
SaldinA.V. Success Factors of Regional Parties
Storozhuk M.V. Political and Legal Aspects of the Reindustrialization of the EAEU Countries
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES
Novoselsky S.O., Gerasimova O.Yu., Nabokina M.E., Levchenko E.V., Somov M.V. Digital Transformation of the Education System in Higher School
Yan Yang. Economic Effects of the Introduction of "Artificial Intelligence" Technologies
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Kudryashov K.V., Ponedelkov A.V., Starostin A.M., Kerimov O.Yu. Russia and Belarus: Integration Processes in the Context of Modern Global Innovations
Novoselsky S.O., Ksenofontova S.B., Gagarina I.Yu., Bulavina M.A. Transformation of the Activities of Higher Education Institutions of the Russian Federation under the Conditions of Sanctions and Geopolitical Pressure
Grigoryan D.K., Delov N.S., Lyaskun R.R. Comparative Analysis of the Fight Against Terrorism in Russia and Western Countries
Li Xu, Xu Haiyan. Environmental Management in China: Status, Problems, Prospects
Lu Kangdi. Research of a New Strategy for the Development of the East of Russia and Chinese-Russian Regional Economic Cooperation
Musina R.I. Prospects for the Existence of the Visegrad Group in Changing Geopolitical Conditions
Nefedov A.V. Evolution of Cooperation between Russia and the Central African Republic: Military and Political Aspects
Liu Yuchen. China Energy Cooperation with the Five Countries of Central Asia
Popadyuk A.E. "Fake News" as a Tool of Information Battle in the Modern Conflict in Ukraine (in the Conditions of a Special Military Operation)
Wang Hengyu. Information Mediasphere of the World Political Processes
Wei Jiaqi. Public Policy and Public Security
Fan Hanqi, Shen Xiaochen. Problems of Political Cooperation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Tojidinov F.Q. Features of the Economic Development of the Kokand Khanate: Cities, Crafts, Trade
STUDENT SCIENCE
Duan Ruojun. Prospects of Russia-Belarus Integration under the Background of Russia-Ukraine Conflicts
Liu Zhaoyuan. The Impact of Economic Policy on the Economic Growth of the Country
Omirbay Zhantil. Geopolitics and the New Architecture of International Relations
Wu Liang. International Relations: Actual Problems of the Global Politics
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.001
E.А. LOZHKIN Graduate student, junior research fellow, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF "RUSSIAN NORTHERNERS" AS THE BASIS OF THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF M.M. SHCHERBATOV
In this article, the author analyzes the relationship between the political-philosophical and historical views of M.M. Shcherbatov. Based on the political philosophy and concept of geographical determinism of Montesquieu, as well as the historical concept of Boulainvilliers, Shcherbatov develops an original interpretation of Russia as a power belonging to the cultural and historical space of the North. In the context of Normanism developed by Shcherbatov, the liberal-aristocratic interpretation of Russian history is studied, which criticizes the autocratic tendency of the contemporary thinker. Shcherbatov opposes to autocratic rule the project of a state based on the principles of hierarchy, combining the law and the estate principles. According to the author, the identification concept of "Russian northerners" can be considered a unifying motive of Shcherbatov's work, which is most expressed in the work "Journey to the Land of Ophir...", in which the thinker formulates a liberal-conservative political project as the foundation of the history of the Russian empire.
Key words: Shcherbatov, Russia, political philosophy, utopia, ideology, identity, «northernism».
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.002
D.V. KOLIUKIN Postgraduate student of Leningrad State University University named after A.S. Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia
DOMESTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY OF KHRUSHCHEV'S ANTI-RELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN OF 1958-1964
This article is devoted to the analysis of the domestic historiography of the "Khrushchev" anti-religious campaign of 1958-1964 in the USSR. The article will reflect the changes in the description and mention of state-church relations during the Khrushchev "thaw" in the Soviet and Russian scientific literature, as well as the probable reasons for these changes. Based on a wide range of literature, the researcher will present possible reasons and prerequisites for the beginning of the "Khrushchev" anti-religious campaign and the role of N.S. in it. Khrushchev, its main stages, methods of the Soviet government's influence on the Russian Orthodox Church, the consequences of the campaign for Soviet believers and the institution of the church, as well as the reasons for the curtailment of anti-religious persecution in 1964. In addition, the directions in which the domestic historiography of the "Khrushchev" anti-religious persecutions of 1958-1964 developed at the beginning of the XXI century will be highlighted, as well as an assessment of the current state of development of the problem.
Key words: historiography, anti-religious campaign, N.S. Khrushchev, «thaw», the Soviet state, state-church relations, the Russian Orthodox Church.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.003
M.V. DOBRYNINA Candidate of political sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics, Management and Finance National Research University “MIET”, Moscow, Russia
T.V. RASTIMESHINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, editor-in-chief of the magazine "Economic and social and humanitarian research", Moscow, Russia
NON-PARTICIPATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN ELECTIONS AND REFERENDUMS AS A CHALLENGE TO DEMOCRACY
The phenomenon of political participation of young people is analyzed. It is shown that the key feature of youth political activity is that young people are more willing to participate in cause-oriented, informal, non-institutional political events and processes. There is a contradiction between the enthusiasm of young people about the importance of the institution of elections in the reproduction of democracy and the low level of participation in elections. It is shown that non-participation in elections is associated with low confidence of young people in the effectiveness of electoral procedures and the fairness of the political management system.
Key words: elections, political process, democracy, political participation of youth, political system, youth policy.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.004
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.S. DELOV Candidate of Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminology and Operational Investigative Activities of the Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
M.D. KUNITSA Master's Student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ABSENTEEISM AND DEMOCRACY IN MODERN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS OF LEGAL ILLITERACY
This article examines the influence of the development of absenteeism on the formation of a democratic political regime in the Russian Federation. The main reasons for citizens' avoidance of participation in political processes are highlighted, as well as ways to reduce absenteeism and greater involvement of voters in elections.
Key words: absenteeism, elections, democracy, electoral process, civil society, Russian Federation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.005
V.I. ANNENKOV Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher at the Research Center of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Balashikha, Russia
A.V. MOISEEV Candidate of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
PSYCHOLOGICAL COERCION IS ONE OF THE MAIN METHODS OF CONDUCTING "COLOR REVOLUTIONS" OF HYBRID WARFARE
The article is devoted to the actual problem of psychological coercion as one of the main methods of conducting "color revolutions" of hybrid warfare. It is noted that hybrid warfare requires the creation and functioning of "networks", the main element of the information space, where information operations are carried out today to achieve political, economic, informational and military goals. It is established that the network-centric operation (CO) is the most important concept of network-centric warfare (CW): It is emphasized that the "color revolution" (CR) is a network-centric operation, the purpose of which is the displacement of existing political regimes in a particular country.. The technologies of psychological coercion are considered. The government or other public administration body is under psychological pressure from shadow and legitimate centers of power, which comes simultaneously from two sides: both "from above" and "from below". The basic concepts of psychological pressure (PD) are defined.: It is established that psychological pressure on the military-political leadership (VPR) of the state is a "pincer grip" on three levels: The special role of the media in the implementation of the "pincer grip" method is considered. The main directions of preventing PD on the leadership of the state are determined. It has been established that all the "color revolutions" that are taking place in the world, and, in particular, in the post-Soviet space, are a phenomenon prepared and organized by the United States to establish geopolitical control over those states and territories that were previously in the zone of influence of Russia. It was emphasized that wherever the scenarios of "color revolutions" were implemented, today we can observe either a partial or complete loss of sovereignty. (Georgia, Ukraine). It is considered how Ukraine was turned into an enemy of Russia, into an "anti-Russia" state. The conclusion says that the CR is a network–centric operation, the purpose of which is to shift the existing political regimes in a particular country. It is based on the methods.
Key words: hybrid war, network-centric war, network-centric operation, color revolution, psychological coercion technologies, psychological pressure.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.006
K.A. LUSTIN Teacher Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia
THE ORIGINS, CLASSIFICATION, CAUSES AND FEATURES OF THE MANIFESTATION OF FEMALE TERRORISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article is devoted to the analysis of the manifestations of female terrorism in Russia, also analyzed the history of the emergence of such a phenomenon as female terrorism, as well as its classification and factors that can affect the spread of terrorism are considered. The psychology of women terrorists is analyzed, topics such as factors of involvement in extremist activities and the gender factor of crime are touched upon. The article attempts to summarize the classifications of populism proposed by a number of Western and domestic political scientists. The presented varieties are deciphered and the meaning of the classification method for the study of the phenomenon under consideration is summarized.
Key words: women's terrorism, terrorism, extremism, suicide bombers, extremism, shahidki.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.007
A.V. PILIPENKO Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher of S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
WHAT THE IDEOLOGY SHOULD BE IN THE AGE OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY?
The principle of inadmissibility of state ideology proclaimed in the Constitution is called into question in many scientific works. Various options for new formulations are proposed. Each of them correctly reflects one aspect of Russian reality and serves as valuable material for discussion. It is necessary to find, firstly, approaches that will be acceptable to all segments of society. Secondly, it is important to develop an ideology that will not remain on paper, but will begin to penetrate the minds of citizens. We have to talk about a new ideology due to a number of unfortunate facts. In terms of the number of prisoners, Russia is among the top five countries; in terms of indices of combating corruption in society, ensuring the rule of law, and the level of security of citizens, it ranks one hundredth. An increase in well-being does not directly lead to an increase in the consciousness of citizens. But there is an inverse relationship between state support for preschool care and education, on the one hand, and the crime rate, on the other. It is possible to significantly improve the work with upbringing and education only with a significant increase in the efficiency of the economy. This problem is being solved thanks to the development of high and knowledge-intensive technologies. It has a significant economic impact all over the world. Combining the priority of upbringing and education as the main goal of society with technological development as the main means of achieving it allows us to solve a triune task – building a society of conscious citizens, training personnel to ensure the technological sovereignty of the country and creating an atmosphere of peace for working parents for their children sent to kindergartens. The article, based on international comparisons, statistical analysis, historical and technical development of successful companies, sets the task of substantiating the ideology of building a society friendly to people.
Key words: ideology, preschool care and education, high technology, forms of ownership, human-friendly society, consciousness, rating, kindergartens.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.008
V.A. BELSKY Lawyer, partner of the Law Office of St. Petersburg «AGAT», St. Petersburg, Russia
ANALYSING MERCOSUR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATIONS
The relevance of this paper is dictated by the fact that today Mercosur is one of the world's largest common markets, in terms of its economic potential second only to the European Union, the North American Free Trade Area and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The aim of the study is to analyse the extent to which MERCOSUR corresponds to the characteristics of regional integrations. This objective mediates the implementation of the following tasks: to disclose the content of the term «regional integration»; to list the principles of regional integration; to analyse the economic performance of the member states of MERCOSUR, the history of the association; to list the regulations and regulatory bodies common to the member states. As a result, it is concluded that MERCOSUR meets all the principles characteristic of a regional integration association.
Key words: economic potential, regional integration, association, regulations, trade turnover, exports.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.009
R.V. ROMACHEV CEO & Founder The Private Intelligence Company R-Techno, Moscow, Russia
A.P. TIMOFEEVA PSYOP-analyst The Private Intelligence Company "R-Techno", Moscow, Russia
THE PHENOMENON OF “REVOLVING DOORS” AS A PARADIGM OF THE US CORPORACRACY
Objective. This study examines the phenomenon of the "revolving door," aiming to demonstrate that major business corporations significantly influence both the domestic and foreign policies of the United States through lobbying and connections with former government officials who have transitioned to the private sector.
Procedure and Methods. An analysis of the "revolving door" policy was conducted in the United States, the European Union, and Japan. The study delved into the phenomenon's impact on national security issues. The legislative acts were closely scrutinized as well as the legal practices surrounding the revolving door phenomenon in the investigated countries. The research employs methods such as document study, content analysis, and comparative methodology. Source-based analysis serves as the foundational method of the study.
Results. The "revolving door" phenomenon has become a standard in Western policy, invariably constituting an element of the corporatocracy that has emerged in the Western political discourse. Consequently, the "revolving door" serves as a legalized form of corruption in the Western model of state-private sector interactions.
Practical Significance. The findings have been incorporated into lectures and resource materials for the course "Private Intelligence Companies" within the "Political Science" curriculum, specifically the master’s program "Information and Hybrid Wars" at Moscow State University.
Key words: revolving door, corruption, lobbying, public-private partnership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.010
A.V. SALDIN Graduate student of the Department of Political Science at Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
SUCCESS FACTORS OF REGIONAL PARTIES
The article explores the success of regional political parties and proposes a new approach to measuring it. The author points out the limitations of electoral measurement of success, which focuses on obtaining nationwide support and does not align with the goals of regional parties that rely on the electorate of specific regions. Instead, a definition of regional party success is proposed in three aspects: electoral, office and political. Factors explaining the emergence of regional parties are analyzed, and a conclusion is drawn regarding the need to differentiate between factors contributing to the formation of a regional party and factors explaining its success after its creation. The proposed approach allows for a better understanding and measurement of the success of regional parties in a political context.
Key words: regional parties, electoral success, office success, policy success.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.011
M.V. STOROZHUK Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE REINDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE EAEU COUNTRIES
Today, more and more people are talking about the transition to a new stage in the development of society. At the same time, neo-Marxists consider this topic quite natural, since the experience of socialism in the 20th century was not completed and is largely considered premature. As a result, modern countries are faced with a certain choice: to continue to follow the capitalist path of development, which is becoming obsolete, or to use the experience of the USSR and optimize it for modern realities. In this vein, the topic of reindustrialization of the EAEU countries is of particular relevance, especially if we consider it in the light of the policy pursued by the Russian government in the Far East. The purpose of the work is to consider the features of the Soviet approach to industrialization and draw an analogy with modernity. The novelty of the work lies in comparing the policy of the modern Russian government with the policy pursued during the Stalinist period, as well as in describing possible options for repeating and optimizing the Soviet approach to managing the economy and remote regions in particular. The main method is the comparison of data based on the analysis, synthesis and systematization of the material. The result of the study is set out in a number of proposals for further policy in the Far East in order to strengthen the positions of the Russian government.
Key words: political instruments, regulation of the region, ties with the EAEU, reindustrialization, the Far East.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.012
S.О. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
O.YU. GERASIMOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia
M.E. NABOKINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow City Pedagogical University», Moscow, Russia
Е.V. LEVCHENKO Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State Medical University», Kursk, Russia
M.V. SOMOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Simferopol, Russia
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN HIGHER SCHOOL
Introduction: the article examines the elements of digital transformation in the higher education system. The study of the issue of digital transformation occurs through the prism of digital security, which is expressed in assessing the dynamics of the sufficiency of digital learning tools, their quality potential, as well as the intensity of the introduction of digital technologies into the educational process. The analytical procedures carried out reflect the retrospective nature of the activity of integrating digital technologies into the educational space of higher education, and also make it possible to form current short-term trends that can be used to correct the existing vector of digital transformation by relevant government bodies. In the wake of the consideration of digital transformation processes, a diagnosis was made of the total number of computers in higher education institutions, the share of computers used for educational purposes, the potential for their access to educational Internet portals, and also a calculation of the specific provision of the student population with computers and the share of students studying at universities using electronic educational technologies. The analytical resource of the work touches on the general aspects of the use of digital technologies in the activities of higher education institutions, which, when identifying current trends, require a more in-depth study in the context of the existing cause-and-effect relationships of the socio-economic system.
Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the elements of digital transformation in the higher education system. In the context of the set goal, the following tasks are solved in the work:
– substantiate the relevance of the digital transformation of the higher education system in the current socio-economic environment;
– carry out diagnostics of the dynamics of digital provision of higher education institutions in a number of areas;
– analyze the intensity of the use of digital technologies in the educational processes of higher education institutions.
Research results: the team of authors carried out a diagnosis of individual areas of digital transformation of the higher education system in the Russian Federation, which allows us to form a general picture of the intensity of penetration of digital technologies into the activities of higher education institutions. The results of the work made it possible to make objective generalizations regarding the dynamics of the provision of digital tools in higher education and its functionality, as well as to consider the intensity of the use of digital technologies within the educational process. The grouped conclusions can become a relevant information base for relevant government authorities, ensuring a reduction in uncertainty when correcting the trajectory of the digital transformation of the country’s higher education system.
Key words: digital transformation, digital support, higher education, higher school, digital technologies, digital development, educational system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.013
YAN YANG Graduate student Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" TECHNOLOGIES
The evolution and integration of artificial intelligence into everyday human life opens up a new technological way of life in society, which directly affects the efficiency of the national economy and the whole world. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that artificial intelligence, as a technical and software means of digitalization, has a huge potential to increase the economic efficiency of business processes and the activities of economic systems. The object of the study is economic systems at the regional and national levels. The subject of the study is artificial intelligence as a means of digitalization that determines the development of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to classify the economic effects on large–scale economic systems from the introduction and use of artificial intelligence in economic systems. The results of the conducted scientific research indicate that the main factors of economic effect growth when using artificial intelligence are: emergence, acceleration of document flow and bureaucratic procedures, decentralization of decision-making centers, technical and technological automation of business processes.
Key words: artificial intelligence, economic effect, digital environment, digital assets, digital currencies.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.014
K.V. KUDRYASHOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of History and Theory of State and Law ANO VO "North Caucasus Social Institute", Stavropol, Russia
A.V. PONEDELKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head. department political science and ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute Department - branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
A.M. STAROSTIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Presenter Researcher at Rostov State Economics University (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russia
O.Yu. KERIMOV Applicant at the South Russian Institute management - branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
RUSSIA AND BELARUS: INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GLOBAL INNOVATIONS
In the context of the observed global innovation processes in the field of interstate relations in politics, economics, culture and new relationships with supranational subjects of politics and economics, the article analyzes the experience of forming new state unions on the example of the union "The Republic of Belarus – the Russian Federation". It is emphasized that this experience does not fit into the usual framework of federal or confederate relations. The Union State as a global political institution is developing within the framework of the concept of "state-civilization", which has manifested itself both as a phenomenon and as a concept in the new edition of modern global dynamics, and in itself acts as a global socio-political innovation.
Key words: global innovations, reformatting of international relations, balance of national interests, integration of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, Union State, problems of Russian-Belarusian relations, special military operation, "color revolution".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.015
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
S.B. KSENOFONTOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Business Analytics, Russian State University named after V.I. A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia
I.YU. GAGARINA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of Basic and Additional Educational Programs of the UMU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia
M.A. BULAVINA PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Research, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after A.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS AND GEOPOLITICAL PRESSURE
Introduction: the article discusses the key aspects of the transformation of the activities of higher education organizations in the context of sanctions and geopolitical pressure. The sanctions imposed by unfriendly countries have led to a significant degradation of international partnerships in the higher education system. At the same time, the leveling of all accumulated positive experience occurred as quickly as possible, on a large scale, and also without proper argumentation and the desire to minimize destructive consequences. In this regard, there is a well-founded opinion that the core goal of such actions was aimed at destroying the development potential of the Russian higher education system and limiting the access of its representatives to international cooperation. The presence of sanctions pressure, which generated a wide range of problems for science and the higher education system of the Russian Federation, required response measures from the competent authorities and relevant ministries. Actual tools for stabilizing the functioning of the educational process and the development of academic activities have also been introduced at the level of higher education. At the same time, it is worth noting the significant level of prompt response by universities to the negative conjuncture of communications with international partners. Within the framework of the measures taken, the activities of higher education organizations are being transformed in the vector of forming their own vision of further progressive development based on national educational sovereignty and more reliable partners in the conditions of the «new reality».
Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the key aspects and directions of transformation of the activities of higher education organizations in the context of sanctions and geopolitical pressure. Achieving this goal is the result of solving the following list of tasks:
– to substantiate the relevance and market necessity of transforming the activities of higher education organizations in the context of sanctions and geopolitical pressure;
– highlight the strategic priorities for changing the vector of development of higher education organizations in the current international environment of academic communications and scientific cooperation;
– to analyze the best practices of universities under the sanctions of unfriendly countries;
– to compare the directions of sanctions pressure and anti-sanction measures in the system of Russian higher education.
Results: in the work, the team of authors considered the most relevant practices of the work of leading Russian universities in the conditions of sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries. The generalizations made and the accents placed make it possible to generate a general vector of reactionary behavior in the current international educational environment, which should be focused on achieving national educational sovereignty in all areas, as well as expanding the scale of interactions with reliable partners. The formulated comparisons of the directions of sanctions pressure and anti-sanctions measures create conditions for the search for additional reserves for the development of the strategic potential of the progressive development of Russian higher education.
Key words: higher education, sanctions, Russia, international cooperation, educational potential, educational space.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.016
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.S. DELOV Candidate of Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminology and Operational Investigative Activities of the Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Rostov-on-Don, Russia
R.R. LYASKUN Master's Student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM IN RUSSIA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES
This article analyzes the methods of countering terrorism, the historical path of this phenomenon. The article indicates which powers fought terrorism and what practical field of counter-terrorism exists and is being implemented.
Key words: terrorism, struggle, confrontation, consolidation, extremism, counteraction, suppression, global challenges, cooperation, international agreements, political system, radicalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.017
LI XU Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Institute of Marxism of East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
XU HAIYAN Doctor of Law, Professor Institute of Political Science, Chinese Academy social sciences, Beijing, China
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN CHINA: STATUS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Environmental management is a systems design that addresses many aspects simultaneously. In view of the objective situation, a mechanism for comprehensive coordination and management of the ecological environment arises. Interdependence has formed between the state and public organizations, but the relationship between them is still asymmetrical, which is manifested in the strong position of the state and the relatively weak position of other government entities. The powers and responsibilities of Party and government actors in environmental management are simultaneously increasing, and the management responsibilities of Party and government leading cadres are becoming more prominent. It is necessary to immediately strengthen the status and role of public organizations in environmental management. The way to optimize environmental management under conditions of asymmetrical relations, when various entities in competition cannot break through the restrictions of “intra-system circulation”, is to adhere to the comprehensive leadership of the Party, create a market-oriented competition mechanism and environment for environmental management, and also explore and create a transformation mechanism from one-way input to a complementarity strategy. Ultimately, under the leadership of the Party and the government, we will continue to improve the comprehensive coordination mechanism in the field of environmental culture, and constantly improve the efficiency of environmental management.
Key words: environmental management, problem, optimization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.018
LU KANGDI Graduate student Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
RESEARCH OF A NEW STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EAST OF RUSSIA AND CHINESE-RUSSIAN REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION
Changing the social and political system in the 90s, the issue of the development of the East of Russia has become more urgent than ever before for Russian society, which, due to its spatial position, lack of effective infrastructure and favorable conditions for doing business, cannot independently realize its geopolitical and economic potential without the support of federal authorities, despite the vastness and scale of territories, rich natural resources, which determines the relevance of this study. The object of the study is the East of Russia as a regional element of the national economy, the subject of the study is the closeness of ties and cooperation between Russia and China. The purpose of the study is to consider the qualitative new prospects and state of economic cooperation between Russia and China. The study argues for the fact that the decline in industrial activity and the potential of the East of Russia at the end of the last century caused serious socio-economic problems, transforming the regional into a resource, thereby contributing to the mass migration of the population from the Far East to the European part of Russia. Cooperation and deepening of inter-economic ties between Russia and China will contribute to the economic and social development of the territories, creating a favorable environment for doing business.
Key words: cooperation, Russian-Chinese cooperation, cooperation programs, economic ties, regional economy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.019
R.I. MUSINA PhD in Political Sciences, Docent, Department of History and Politics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF THE VISEGRAD GROUP IN CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS
The article analyzes the policy of the Visegrad Group countries as independent subjects of international relations and members of the association in the dynamics from the moment of the conclusion of the Declaration to the present.
The purpose of the work: based on the analysis of the declarations and materials of the Visegrad Group and the facts testifying to the implementation of the policies of the member countries of the group, to assess the prospects for the existence of the association in conditions of turbulence.
Having emerged in the early 90s of the twentieth century in the space of former socialist states, the V4 implemented the main declared goals partially: It contributed to the accession of countries to NATO (1997) and the EU (2004), but it did not form institutionally, internal integration was not achieved, and some of the goals turned out to be unrealizable due to divergent positions.
The analysis shows that while maintaining the exchange rates of the participating countries, despite the existing potential, the prospects for turning the Visegrad Group into an independent regional pole in Central Europe within the framework of the emerging multipolar world cannot be assessed as favorable, respectively, the group will continue to exist rather as a regional situational forum.
Key words: Visegrad Group, Central European Region, Eastern Partnership, national interests, traditional values, Free Trade Agreement, Central European Free Trade Association.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.020
A.V. NEFEDOV Ph.D. student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: MILITARY AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
This article analyzes the cooperation between Russia and the Central African Republic in the military sphere and on the international arena. The arms embargo imposed by the UN in 2013 in response to widespread violence in the country is no longer adequate to restore a combat-ready national army. Russian representatives in the UN Security Council are consistently promoting the idea of completely lifting all imposed restrictions. French initiatives, as well as the presence of the French military contingent in 2013-2016 did not bring peace to the Central African Republic. Russian assistance turned out to be more effective, and the Khartoum Agreement became the first serious basis for achieving reconciliation. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the difficulties and political tensions with Western countries, Russia was able to achieve significant results in a short period of time and made a great contribution to resolving the internal political crisis in the Central African Republic.
Key words: Russia, military assistance, Central African Republic, Russian instructors, embargo.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.021
LIU YUCHEN Postgraduate National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
CHINA ENERGY COOPERATION WITH THE FIVE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA
This article explores energy cooperation between China and the countries of Central Asia both at the level of the region as a whole and on a bilateral basis. The article analyzes the causes and dynamics of strengthening cooperation in the energy sector, identifies the main partnership projects and initiatives, and also assesses the impact of this cooperation on the energy development of the region.
With the start of the Belt and Road Initiative, energy cooperation between China and the countries of Central Asia has become especially relevant. The region is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas and renewable energy, which makes China interested in developing cooperation. The Energy Partnership contributes to China's energy security and stimulates the economic development of the countries of Central Asia. Examples of cooperation include projects in the field of extraction and transportation of hydrocarbon resources, the construction of gas pipelines and the development of renewable energy. Important attention is also paid to the analysis of geopolitical factors influencing the development of energy relations between China and the countries of Central Asia. Based on the analysis, the article provides recommendations for further strengthening this partnership.
Key words: China, Central Asia, energy, natural gas, Belt and Road.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.022
A.E. POPADYUK Candidate of Political Sciences, senior researcher at the Russian State University for the Humanities, assistant at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
"FAKE NEWS" AS A TOOL OF INFORMATION BATTLE IN THE MODERN CONFLICT IN UKRAINE (IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION)
Aim. Determine the place and role of "fake news" as an instrument of information warfare in the modern conflict in Ukraine (under the conditions of the Special Military Operation).
Methodology. The study was carried out using the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and interpretation of materials from Russian and foreign media.
Results. The place and role of "fake news" in the framework of the information war in the modern conflict in Ukraine are determined. For the first time, a number of directions in the functional use of this technology were demonstrated in the context of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of various schemes and scenarios for the use of "fake news" was carried out using the materials of Russian and foreign media as an example.
Research implications. This information can be used by specialists in the development and implementation of state information policy, employees of special services and scientists. The main results and conclusions of this article can be used to train students and graduate students in the field of conflictology and international relations.
Key words: fake news, special military operation, politics, information warfare, Russia, Ukraine.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.023
WANG HENGYU Master, Faculty of World Politics, International Relations, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INFORMATION MEDIASPHERE OF THE WORLD POLITICAL PROCESSES
This article examines modern trends in the functioning of the information sphere of the mass media, connected with the problems of tht world political processes. Having touched on the concept ‘mediatization’ and defined the term ‘mediasphere’, the author of the article considers the influence of mass media on the global audience. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the media, creating a political picture of the world as they see it, bring the global political crisis closer.
Key words: mass media, new media, mediatization, mediasphere, mediareality, world politics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.024
WEI JIAQI Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
Public policy is the official policy carried out by government authorities. Public policy is inextricably linked with ensuring public security. In the modern world, terrorism continues to be used as a tool of geopolitics. People who have become victims of irresponsible experiments to remove “undesirable” regimes, which have led to complete destabilization of the internal situation in a number of countries, have experienced and are experiencing enormous shocks. Russian public authorities have at their disposal many useful mechanisms with which they can ensure public security not only within their territorial borders, but also weaken the terrorist international, as well as ensure the security of world countries and citizens.
Key words: public policy, public security, domestic and foreign policy, terrorism, world community, extremism, public administration, government.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.025
FAN HANQI Permanent researcher, Training base for international judicial exchange and cooperation of the China-Shanghai organization cooperation of Shanghai University of Politics and Law, Shanghai, China
SHEN XIAOCHEN Associate Professor of the International Judicial Training Base exchange and cooperation China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization Shanghai University politics and law, Shanghai, China
PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL COOPERATION IN THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION
Over the two decades of its development, the SCO has transformed from a regional cooperation mechanism focused primarily on security cooperation into a transregional international organization covering the widest geographical area and largest population in the world, including a wide range of areas of cooperation and having significant achievements in political cooperation . Compared to some regional international organizations that are currently experiencing bottlenecks in their development or are facing crisis situations, the SCO has not only maintained a strong development momentum, but has also achieved an expansion of its membership for the first time, which indicates its high viability. It is expected that the entry of India and Pakistan into the SCO will lead to new successes in the development of global and regional governance, coordination of relations between member states in strategic areas, as well as the development of mutually beneficial cooperation between member states.
Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, political cooperation, expansion of membership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.026
F.Q. TOJIDINOV PhD student Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE KOKAND KHANATE: CITIES, CRAFTS, TRADE
The article is devoted to the indicators of economic development of one of the states of Central Asia - the Kokand Khanate, which arose at the beginning of the 19th century, existed for about 170 years. Attention is drawn to the fact that during its heyday it claimed to be the largest in the region in terms of trade and the development of crafts. It is emphasized that the main place where trade and economic relations were concentrated were cities. It is noted that the center of the Khanate was located in the Fergana Valley, and the territory of the state spread over large areas, covering parts of the lands of the modern republics of Central Asia. It is concluded that the growth of the economy took place during that period of active strengthening of the central government.
Key words: Kokand Khanate, city, trade, crafts, silk.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.027
DUAN RUOJUN Postgraduate student, Shanghai Academy of Global Governance & Area Studies of Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
PROSPECTS OF RUSSIA-BELARUS INTEGRATION UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICTS
In December 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 independent countries. These countries have adopted different foreign policies and kept a certain political distance from Russia out of consideration of their own interests, while Belarus and Russia are getting closer. From the initial “The Community of Belarus and Russia” to the “Union of Belarus and Russia”, and finally the “Union State of Russia and Belarus”, the integration of Russia and Belarus has just gone through 27 years of ups and downs by 2023. Cooperation in many fields and certain results have been achieved, which is regarded as model of Eurasian integration. However, constraints still exist inside and outside the Union State to hinder the development of integration, and the goals set have not been fully realized. The article will start from the perspective of the origin and influencing factors of the integration of Russia and Belarus, and finally make a reasonable prediction of the development trend of the Union State under the background of Russia-Ukraine conflicts.
Key words: Integration of Russia and Belarus, Union State, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, Russia, Belarus.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.028
LIU ZHAOYUAN Master, Faculty of economics Lomonosov Moscow state university, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC POLICY ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY
Economic growth and development determines the stability and scale of the activities of economic agents within the national economic systems, which is an extremely important factor in the formation of an effective state economic policy. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the issues of economic growth and development are fundamental in economic science and the answers to them can help form the necessary set of state programs and measures that determine the effectiveness of regional and state economic policy. The object of research is the state economic policy; the subject of research is economic growth and development as the state of the national economy. The purpose of the study is to consider, using a scientific approach, how the content of economic policy can determine economic growth. The article considers Say's Law as the basis of economic policy within the framework of the market mechanism of management, the Harrod-Dommar model of economic growth as the basis for the Solow model of economic growth, modern models of economic growth that take into account human capital and technological aspects of the development of the national economy.
Key words: Say's law, Harrod-Dombar model, Solow model, human capital, technological growth.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.029
OMIRBAY ZHANTIL Master, student of the Doctor of Public Administration program, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
GEOPOLITICS AND THE NEW ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The scientific article presents the results of an analysis of the main trends associated with transformation processes and changes in geopolitics and the system of international relations between countries and international organizations, where a generally new architecture of cooperation and interaction is emerging. The relevance of the study on this issue is due to the current stage of instability in the external environment and the emergence of many threat factors leading to destabilization of the system of international relations, the emergence of new geopolitical conflicts and the severance of previous foreign economic relations due to the impact of large-scale international economic relations. The practical significance of the work is related to the study of the promising role of Russia in the system of the new architecture of international relations, for which the participation of transnational business entities and private entrepreneurship is a promising area of interaction with other countries, forming new foreign economic relations, trade alliances and partnerships in building global supply chains. The object of study is the system of international relations. The subject of the study is geopolitical processes influencing the formation of a new architecture of international relations. The objectives of the article are: to study modern forms of international cooperation between countries; identification of current problems and threats of geopolitics that influence the formation of a new architecture of international relations; analysis of the role and place of business entities in the creation of new foreign economic ties and international relations between countries, taking into account modern challenges and threats. In conclusion of the article, the author has identified the most likely prospects for the development of a new architecture of international relations, which will allow the interests of a larger number of participating countries to be met, wishing to ensure sustainable socio-economic development.
Key words: international relations, architecture of international relations, geopolitics, international cooperation, sanctions, foreign economic relations, the role of business.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.97-2.9-2.030
WU LIANG Master, Faculty of World Politics and International Relations, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBAL POLITICS
The article deals with the problems of the modern world politics in the context of the development of the international relations. Having defined the essence of the concepts “international relations” and “global politics”, the author of the article dwells on the problems of the modern politics in the context of the development of the international relations scenario in the near future. The main problem raised by the author of the article concerns the multipolar world as a reality of the modern political system. The author of the article examines the US political views on the multipolar world and analyzes the reasons for the White House's rejection of the multipolar world. The author of the article touches on problem of NATO expansion and its consequences for the US and the EU countries as well.
Key words: international relations, world politics, multipolar world, USA, Russia.