№ 7 (95), 2023

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Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 7 (95), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Starostin A.M. Concept I.A. Ilyin "On Resistance to Evil by Force" in the Context of the Evolution of Modern Political Radicalism

Denilkhanov A.H. Liberal Optimism and the Crisis of the Ideology of Liberalism: Axiological Aspect

Bagnyuk V.E. The Evolution of Geopolitical Theory: from Geographical Determinism to the Construction of Space

Lunev V.R. N.K. Mikhailovsky's Concept of Liberal Socialism: from the First Successors to the Modern Civil Society in Russia

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Volodina N.A., Stepanova E.E. Soviet Visual Propaganda During the Great Patriotic War

Dik G.V., Kozlov M.N. The Sects in the Taurida Diocese in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century

Volodina N.A., Obukhov O.Yu., Abgaryan V.S. Political Work to Educate the Personnel of the Red Army on the Traditions of the Russian Army During the Preparation and Implementation East Prussian Offensive Operation 1945

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Zorin V.Yu., Titov V.V. Image of the Future in Modern Russia: Conceptual Framework and Specificity of Political Analysis

Khairullina N.G., Tkacheva N.A. Analysis of the Socio-Political Situation in the Assessments of the Residents of the Tyumen Region

Eflova M.Yu., Dudochnikov A.I. Generally Accepted Methodological Provisions on the Proportional Distribution of Deputy Mandates in Political Elections

Osipov A.V. Current Trends in the Development of Modern Russia in the Context of the Problem of Consolidation of Political Power

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Petropolsky D.I., Koneeva E.V. Disputes About Charismatic Political Leaders

Kozhevnikova V.V. The Problem of Preschool Education as a Political Priority and the Priorities of China's Policy in the Field of Preschool Education

Ostrouh E.I. Impact of Special Military Operation to Crimean Integration in Russian Federation

Chen' Syli. Enhancing the Role and Participation of Women in Political Processes

Potapov D.V. Global Changes and Stability of the Political Regime in Russia

Korotkin S.S. Conceptualizing the Characteristics of Political Leadership

Kshov A.S. Political Communication as a Derivative of the Ideological and Functional Programming of Political Parties

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Novoselsky S.O., Shatokhin M.V., Moiseev V.A., Pavlov V.V. Russian Science in the Conditions of Sanctions and Political Tension

Guan' Boven'. Directions of Development of State Cultural Policy: from Protection of Traditional Culture to Leadership in Cultural Innovations

Mamaev E.A. State Social Policy and Staging Social Issue in the Programs of Russian Political Parties

Novoselsky S.O., Shatokhin M.V., Smorchkova V.P., Ulrich I.V. Features and Potential of the Impact of the Sanction Policy on the Development of the System of Higher Education in Russia

Sopromadze S.Sh. Digital Health Policy and Peculiarities of the Use of Telemedicine in Surgery

Inomov A.S. The Necessity and Conditions for Organizing a System of Spiritual and Educational Work in the Internal Affairs Bodies

Kvindt A.V. Public Administration in the Era of Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence: the Use of Basic Technologies, Barriers and their Overcoming in Russia

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Kolosova I.V. Buddhism in World Politics

Suleymanov A.R. Product Approach in Designing the Attractiveness of Eurasian Integration

Hao Long. A Critical Study of Western Democratic System – Taking American Democratic System as an Example

Liang Weiyi. Development and Opportunities of Chinese-Russian Cooperation in the Field of Education

Gabrielyan G.R. Main Vectors of PRC Modern Information Policy: Problems and Development Prospects

Gao Yue. China: from the Regional SCO to the Megaproject "One Belt, One Road"

Gu Zekun. The Security Concept of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Dzhaisanov A.B. Dynamics of Development of Non-Governmental Organizations in Central Asia (by the Example of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan)

Mansur Daria Numman, Skorikov V.V. Russian Soft Power in the Post-Soviet Space

Oğuzhan Ferman. How the Giedroyc-Mieroszewski Doctrine Evaluated by Russian International Relations Literature: an Example of Counter-Securitization

Prokofieva M.S. Anti-Colonial Rhetoric in the Framework of Russia's Use of the Concept of "Discourse Power": Opportunities and Limitations

Xu Mengzhu, Lu Wanqing. Development of Russian-Chinese Relations in the Modern World

Tereshenkov A.M. Covid-19 as a Global Political Challenge: Content and Main Trends

Phan Thi Nhuan. Characteristics of the Ruling Communist Party of Vietnam in the Period 1945-1988

Zhu Xu. The United States and Pakistan as External Factors Affecting the Russian-Indian-Chinese Trilateral Relations

STUDENT SCIENCE

Zinkov N.A. Theoretical Aspects of the Study of Youth Communities as an Institute of Political Socialization

Myasnikov D.S., Ermolaeva M.S. Features of the Functioning and Interaction of Regional and Local Authorities in the Russian Federation

Prokhorova D.A. SADC: to the History of the Regional Integration

Filimonova E.S. A.D. Sakharov's Influence on Perestroika in the USSR

Cuj I. Chinese-Russian Cultural Exchange and Prospects for their Development

Fang Kaifang. Goals and Objectives of PRC Foreign Policy Towards the Countries of the South Caucasus

Lysenko Ya.I., Sinyak P.A. The Evolution of Extremism in Popular Swedish Discourse

Our authors № 7-2023

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.001

A.M. STAROSTIN Doctor of political sciences, professor, Leading Researcher, Russian State Economic University (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CONCEPT I.A. ILYIN "ON RESISTANCE TO EVIL BY FORCE" IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN POLITICAL RADICALISM

The article deals with the problems of combating modern manifestations of socio-political extremism, radicalism and terrorism in the context of the concept put forward in the early 1920s by the famous Russian philosopher and political thinker I.A. Ilyin "On resistance to evil by force". As the basis for the analysis, approaches to the problem of the relationship between politics and morality are considered within the framework of such basic paradigms as "Machiavellian", "Weberian", "humanistic", "postmodernist". There are such main vectors of "resistance to evil" of radicalism and extremism as: "rehabilitation of evil", "political and managerial", "value-socializing", "systemic-social".

In the final part of the work, the possibilities of forming a new political and ideological approach to the problem of combating "evil" in political activity are analyzed, which provide developments in the field of political philosophy, political ethology, and biopolitics.

Key words: national security, political radicalism, extremism, violence, non-violence, paradigms of the relationship between politics and morality, vectors of development of extremism, political ethology, biopolitics, political philosophy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.002

A.H. DENILKHANOV Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences), Assoc. Prof., Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, the Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Assos. Prof., Lomonosov MSU Business School, Moscow, Russia

LIBERAL OPTIMISM AND THE CRISIS OF THE IDEOLOGY OF LIBERALISM: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT

The article is devoted to the study of the ideology of liberalism, which, having legalized in the political and legal field of many civilized states in the form of normative consolidation of the rule of law, constitutional government, market economy, private property, protection of civil rights and freedoms, in the socio-spiritual sphere was transformed into its extreme form – libertarianism, absolutizing the idea of freedom of human manifestation in society, religion, art, ethics, aesthetics, customs, culture, declaring it as freedom "without shores". If the values of liberalism in the political sphere or economics can be reasonably limited by the rules of law, then due to the fact that the spiritual sphere of human being is outside the normative regulation, today it is more subject to reassessment of its substantive foundations, the process of reformatting, and therefore needs to be protected from the standpoint of traditional values. The clash of conservative ideas of different nations about the correct organization of public life with the imposition by the Euro-Atlantic civilization of a “new” system of liberal values in a quasi-scientific and quasi-ethical way caused a crisis of the very philosophy and ideology of liberalism. The basic values of classical liberalism, which were considered the highest achievement of human history, have reached their apogee in the politics of many European states and the United States and have lost their moral and ethical foundation. At the same time, the internal contradictions of these states, as well as their external manifestations in international politics, have escalated to military conflicts and require a deep critical analysis. Revealing the essence of modern political radicalism and motivation, from which new ideologemes have been formed, will make it possible to determine the political trend for the peaceful settlement of conflicts that have arisen and to harmonize interstate relations.

Key words: liberalism, free will, personality, individual, human rights, liberal democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.003

V.E. BAGNYUK Teacher at the Institute of Secondary Vocational Education of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University named after Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF GEOPOLITICAL THEORY: FROM GEOGRAPHICAL DETERMINISM TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPACE

The purpose of this article is to study the process of development of the theoretical and methodological principles of geopolitics as a field of knowledge. The object of study is geopolitical theory in its evolutionary dynamics. In the process of research, a general systematization of geopolitical theory is carried out. Geopolitics is divided into classical and modern, which in turn is also divided into neoclassical direction and critical geopolitics. As a result, it was possible to highlight the key differences between classical geopolitical theory and modern trends in geopolitics. The methodological basis of classical geopolitics is the principle of geographical determinism, when geographical location is the main variable for explaining the behavior of a state in the international arena. A systematic analysis of modern geopolitical theory has shown that for a better geopolitical analysis it is necessary to use such variables as economic potential, which manifested itself in such a direction as geoeconomics. In addition, modern geopolitics analyzes such factors as demographic potential, level of technological development, civilization specifics. The geographical factor is understood as a determining one. A separate trend in modern geopolitical theory is critical geopolitics. Within the framework of this postmodern direction, the deconstruction of ideas about geopolitics as a field of knowledge is carried out. Considering various geopolitical structures as the result of a certain discourse and geopolitical imagination, critical geopolitics seeks to study first of all the social and political factors that influence the establishment of a particular geopolitical discourse and its direct influence on geopolitical practice. Therefore, the methodology of critical geopolitics is based on discourse analysis used to study the mechanisms of construction of geopolitical reality. Thus, on the basis of the studied material, it was possible to come to the conclusion about the increase in the research capabilities of modern geopolitics, in which both quantitative and qualitative research is used today.

Key words: geopolitics, modern geopolitics, geostrategy, theory, methodology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.004

V.R. LUNEV Master of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

N.K. MIKHAILOVSKY'S CONCEPT OF LIBERAL SOCIALISM: FROM THE FIRST SUCCESSORS TO THE MODERN CIVIL SOCIETY IN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the formulation of problems revealing the ideological foundations of the liberal-socialist initiatives of the neo-populist parties of the «Enes» and «SRs» as the first followers of N.K. Mikhailovsky in the early 20th century in Russia, as well as the applicability of the conceptual complex of his ideas to the analysis of social processes in the Soviet and modern Russian experience. The author actualises the role of N.K. Mikhailovsky as an "icon of Populism" and a reference point both in philosophical-methodological and political-ideological directions. The study reveals the main programme provisions and methodological features of the «Enes» and «SRs» parties, clarifies the nature of transformation projects, the role of the state, the intelligentsia and the people. Through historical analysis and modelling, the possibilities of liberal-socialist constructions are considered in an alternative way, both in the economic experience of the Soviet state (cooperative activity) and in the rethinking of the pair of liberalism-socialism in the socio-political interaction between the authorities and citizens (proactive democratic civil platform) in modern Russian society.

Key words: intelligentsia, liberal nationalism, ideology, socialist transformations, people, cooperative, democratisation, political institutions, paternalism, civic activism.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.005

N.A. VOLODINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of History of the Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia

E.E. STEPANOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Research Fellow Research Center (fundamental military-historical problems) Military Prince Alexander University Nevsky, Moscow, Russia

SOVIET VISUAL PROPAGANDA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

This article is devoted to the study of the impact on the mass consciousness of visual propaganda in one of the most difficult and tragic periods of Russian history – the Great Patriotic War. Visual propaganda of 1941-1945 is considered as a factor that had a positive impact on the psycho-emotional state of Soviet society, contributing to its mobilization and consolidation on the way to victory. Based on the analysis of the content of the main means of visual propaganda – a political poster, the authors identify its main themes and trace the changes in the context of the processes and events that took place. It is noted that the effectiveness of the poster was due to the institutionalization of propaganda in the early years of Soviet power and the availability of appropriate managerial experience. From the very beginning of the war, there was a material and technical base, experienced and talented artists worked. Attention is drawn to the accessibility of distribution and perception of the poster. The complete reliability of the information posted about the situation on the fronts, especially in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, was a new characteristic of the Soviet political poster. The appearance of groups of political posters devoted to new tasks and phenomena arising as the military-political situation develops is traced. These are themes of heroism and heroism, protection and salvation, grief, revenge, liberation and restoration, glory, liberating warriors, Victory. The authors conclude that throughout the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet political poster had a positive impact on the morale of Soviet citizens, supported courage and strengthened faith in victory in full accordance with the natural desire to protect and liberate their Homeland.

Key words: Soviet propaganda, the Great Patriotic War, political poster, impact on mass consciousness, historical experience.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.006

G.V. DIK Applicant at the Department of Universal History and World Culture, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

M.N. KOZLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Universal History and World Culture, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

THE SECTS IN THE TAURIDA DIOCESE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

The Tauride diocese was organized on the territory of the Tauride province and consisted of the territory of the Crimean peninsula, as well as the Melitopol, Dnieper and Berdyansk districts. Long before the founding of the diocese, various sects began to spread in this region. The purpose of this article is to consider the sects that spread on the territory of the Tauride diocese in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, their religious teachings and social status. For this, the corresponding tasks were set: to identify the sects that are widespread in the diocese; show the features of the structure of sectarian communities and their dogma; analyze their development in the diocese. The following methods were used in the work: induction and deduction, the historical and chronological method, the method of a systematic approach. The methodological basis of the study was based on the principles of historicism, scientific character and objectivity. In the course of the study, the following results were obtained. Rationalist and mystical sects, as well as sects of Protestant origin, were widespread on the territory of the Taurida diocese in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The largest number of adherents at different times were Doukhobors, Molokans, Stundists, Stundo-Baptists, Eunuchs, Baptists, Mennonites. According to the results of the study, the corresponding conclusions were drawn. Sectarianism on the territory of the Taurida diocese began to emerge before the foundation of an independent diocese. The reasons for its spread among the local population include religious quests and differences of opinion, reformation ideas that acted as an alternative to Orthodoxy. The sectarians did not recognize the Orthodox dogma and rituals. With the outbreak of the First World War, the sects were characterized by an outflow of their adherents. This subsequently led to the extinction of many Tauride sects.

Key words: Taurida diocese, sectarianism, rationalistic sects, mystical sects, Protestantism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.007

N.A. VOLODINA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of History of the Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia

O.Yu. OBUKHOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia

V.S. ABGARYAN Adjunct, Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL WORK TO EDUCATE THE PERSONNEL OF THE RED ARMY ON THE TRADITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING THE PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION EAST PRUSSIAN OFFENSIVE OPERATION 1945

The purpose of this scientific article was to study the political work with the personnel of the Red Army during the preparation and conduct of the longest strategic offensive operation of the Soviet troops in 1945 – the East Prussian. The main attention in the publication is paid to the issues of political work carried out by the military administration bodies on the education of Soviet soldiers on domestic combat traditions during the East Prussian Strategic Offensive operation of 1945. It is stated that by the time of the East Prussian operation, from the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the basis of educational work in the Soviet troops was an appeal to Russian military traditions. The East Prussian operation was preceded by the establishment of military awards named after famous Russian commanders, the return of shoulder straps, the rank of "guards" and the concept of "officers". The article focuses on the special importance of purposeful political work with personnel in connection with the special strategic objectives of the East Prussian military operation. Political work was based on historical lessons of the fighting of the Russian army in East Prussia during the First World War. The military-political tasks were justified, among other things, by the need to avenge the blood of Russian soldiers shed in East Prussia. The victory in the East Prussian military operation was the result, among other things, of substantial military-political work, which was based on an appeal to the centuries-old Russian military traditions. It is emphasized that the current military-political situation in the world urgently requires the study and creative application of the experience of military-political work accumulated during the Great Patriotic War.

Key words: the Great Patriotic War, military traditions, political work, East Prussian strategic offensive operation, education of personnel.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.008

V.YU. ZORIN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, a chief researcher at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS; Professor at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov MSU, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

V.V. TITOV Candidate of Political Sciences, leading researcher at the Center for Political Studies of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, associated professor at the Social Psychology chair of RSUH, Moscow, Russia

IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN MODERN RUSSIA: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND SPECIFICITY OF POLITICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to conceptual foundations of the political understanding of the image of the future in modern Russia. It is noted that the most productive view on the image of the future is based on its interpretation as a component of national-state identity, a value-semantic frame that acts as a mechanism for positive and long-term consolidation of society. It is emphasized that the basic parameters of the image of the future, which ensure its stability, are semantic variability, polycentricity and integrative orientation. A comprehensive analysis of the collective image of the future emerging in today's Russia should involve taking into account such key factors as the multi-component nature of Russian society, the presence of intergenerational divisions in it, and the impact of digital transformation on the political consciousness of Russian citizens.

Key words: image of the future, national-state identity, identity politics, Russian youth, political socialization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.018

N.G. KHAIRULLINA Doctor of social Sciences, Professor, Tyumen industrial University, Professor of the Department of Marketing and Municipal Management, Tyumen, Russia

N.A. TKACHEVA Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Tyumen Industrial University, Professor of the Department of Marketing and Municipal Management, Tyumen, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF THE RESIDENTS OF THE TYUMEN REGION

The article presents data from sociological studies conducted in the Tyumen region in 2003-2023, characterizing the situation in the areas of socio-political, interethnic and interreligious relations. Scientists of the Tyumen Industrial University interviewed more than three thousand respondents during the specified period, which made it possible to identify the assessments of the inhabitants of the Tyumen region on various aspects of the life of the regional society for the prompt adjustment of the management actions taken. The data obtained allow us to assert that a stable situation has developed in the sphere of socio-political relations in the Tyumen region, mass protests are unlikely.

Key words: mass protests, socio-political situation, sociological monitoring, protest potential, civil society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.010

M.YU. EFLOVA Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications, Department of General and Ethnic Sociology, Kazan, Russia

A.I. DUDOCHNIKOV Assistant, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications, Department of General and Ethnic Sociology, Kazan, Russia

GENERALLY ACCEPTED METHODOLOGICAL PROVISIONS ON THE PROPORTIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF DEPUTY MANDATES IN POLITICAL ELECTIONS

Political elections in Russia since 2016 have been held under a mixed system. The article contains an overview of the distribution of mandates in political elections by proportional part in world practice. At the theoretical level, for understanding, methods for calculating the distribution of elections to parliament are given. In the case of a proportional electoral system, or in the presence of a proportional part in a mixed system, it is necessary to obtain the final distribution of seats in parliament. There are many methods of proportional distribution for this, depending on the specifics of the electoral legislation in the state. Based on the results of the study, a scale for the democratic nature of the elections in the context of the existing method of proportional distribution of votes is given.

Key words: political elections, parliamentary elections, mixed electoral system, proportional distribution of votes, a single electoral district.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.011

A.V. OSIPOV Candidate of Political Science, Judge of the Leninsky District Court of Rostov-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM OF CONSOLIDATION OF POLITICAL POWER

The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamic dimension of the problem of consolidation of political power: highlights current issues and trends in the development of modern Russia.

The current situation in modern Russia reflects both trends in the development of socio-political reality on a global scale, and receives a specific expression according to the domestic cultural and civilizational code. The subject analysis based on sociological research on key positions and the argumentation proposed by the author can become a theoretical and methodological basis for socio-political practice and timely decision-making at all levels of government.

Key words: socio-political monitoring, political technologies, socio-political management, socio-political trends and contradictions, civil society, political clusters, consolidation of political power.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.012

D.I. PETROPOLSKY Development Director of YURMP LLC, competitor, Moscow, Russia

E.V. KONEEVA Doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor Moscow Aviation Institute (national research university), Moscow, Russia

DISPUTES ABOUT CHARISMATIC POLITICAL LEADERS

The article presents material devoted to the discussion of the problem of political leadership. The article provides information about Max Weber's leadership typology, as well as his concept of charismatic leadership. The data of a comparative analysis of the leaders of the twentieth century who dominated and their power was based on the faith of their compatriots and followers: Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela are presented.

Key words: political sociology, leadership, political leader, concept of charismatic leadership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.013

V.V. KOZHEVNIKOVA Doctoral student of the Department of Political Science and Applied political work of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AS A POLITICAL PRIORITY AND THE PRIORITIES OF CHINA'S POLICY IN THE FIELD OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

In the work the author addresses the problem of preschool education as a political priority. The problem and contradiction here is that, despite the decisive and universally recognized importance of preschool education in the development of children, ensuring their well-being, preschool education is almost never considered in the context of political management and public policy, while other levels of education attract much more attention from politicians. Preschool education rarely becomes an object of study in political science, traditionally remaining the object of study in pedagogical sciences. Without analyzing the reasons for such an undeserved "exclusion" of preschool education from the subject field of political science, the author turns to an analysis of China's policy priorities in the field of preschool education, emphasizing that education (including preschool education) in China is not only not neutral, on the contrary, it is rather political in nature. This actualizes the consideration of the relationship between education and the state and the study of education in general and preschool education, in particular, within the framework of not only pedagogical, but also political sciences.

Key words: politics, political sciences, preschool education in the context of political sciences, preschool education policy, China's policy in the field of preschool education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.014

E.I. OSTROUH Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science Donetsk State University; graduate student Department of Russian Politics, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

IMPACT OF SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION TO CRIMEAN INTEGRATION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is devoted to the study of the merger of the Special Military Based on the analysis of Russian and Crimean governments actions it is stated integrations processes in Crimea that were began in 2014-2015 increased after the beginning of Special military operation in 2022. Federal and regional authorities intensified the decisions of problems of Crimean water supply and logistics between Crimea and continental part of Russia. Big federal companies and government bodies have officially opened in Republic of Crimea.

Research results can be used in the work of state bodies in the sphere of social economic development for Russian regions and for analyzing of current social political situation in Russia, as well as by political scientists and journalists.

Key words: Special military operation, Republic of Crimea, social economic development, integration processes, Crimean land corridor, logistics, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.015

CHEN' SYLI Graduate Student, Graduate School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ENHANCING THE ROLE AND PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICAL PROCESSES

The article highlights a significant part of the research of scientists dealing with issues presenting data that clearly illustrate the situation with the participation and underrepresentation of women in political life, with an emphasis on practical issues. These factors ensure the indisputable relevance of this study.

The author conducted an institutional analysis aimed at studying the reasons for women's participation in China's political life from the point of view of the analysis of the political system.

It should be emphasized that in recent years, the scientific community has begun to apply a gender approach to the study of this topic, which offers women a completely new and unique perspective on political participation. However, this approach also depends on initial research, as well as on the lack of depth of current research for further expansion and deepening.

Key words: government, women leaders, international community, feminist movement, diplomatic relations, leadership, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.016

D.V. POTAPOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for Socio-Political Research RAS, Moscow, Russia

GLOBAL CHANGES AND STABILITY OF THE POLITICAL REGIME IN RUSSIA

The article examines the global changes that are taking place in political life in the world and how they affect the stability of the political regime in Russia. The introduction describes how political regimes have changed in recent years. The purpose of the article is to analyze and substantiate the stability of the political regime in Russia. The tasks identified are the impact of sanctions on political and economic life, the impact of sanctions on Russian business elites, changes in the world in connection with their. The research methods were political and statistical analysis of changes in political regimes in the world. As conclusions, it is presented that the unfinished stage of the political transformation of the world is now in an active stage, with unclear landmarks and a high probability of changing the most important structures embedded in post-war architecture and updated bipolarities. The issues of globalization and regionalization are acute.

Key words: political stability, political regime, globalization, regionalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.017

S.S. KOROTKIN Post-graduate student, Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

CONCEPTUALIZING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP

The article analyzes the modern interpretation of political leadership, the role and influence of the environment on the process of formation and development of leadership in the political environment. The types of leadership distinguished by modern researchers are considered. The article discusses the value factors that influence the strategic role of political leadership in the modern public sphere. Separately, the article focuses on the role of the media and modern digital communications influencing political leadership. In the article, the author draws a conclusion about the influence of informal groups and the external environment on the process of nominating a leader in politics and the implementation of relevant attitudes, opinions and ideas. The article emphasizes the role of innovations in political leadership, its transformation and initiatives of individuals, the transition of leadership to informal, flexible groups connected by common resources, opportunities and problems.

Key words: political leader, political process, political style, mass media, social media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.009

A.S. KSHOV Postgraduate student of the Pyatigorsk State University, Stavropol territory, Pyatigorsk, Russia; chairman of the Regional branch in the Stavropol territory of the political party "Party of progress", Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Territory, Russia

POLITICAL COMMUNICATION AS A DERIVATIVE OF THE IDEOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Introduction. The modern political world questions the necessity of the existence of political parties: are they needed in the current political process, are they still influential and significant in political systems and public perception? Political knowledge is designed to respond to the conceptual and practical aspects of party genesis and party functioning. Thus, the content and forms of broadcasting the ideological and functional programming of political parties in the political and communication narrative with society deserve research attention. The actualization of this problem is obvious taking into account the transformations of political systems, political regimes, political culture and the "political man" that occur in the "new normality".

Purpose and objectives. The purpose of this work is to determine the forms of political communication through which a political party promotes its ideological and functional programming. The tasks of this work include: 1) to identify the content of the concepts of "communication", "political communication", "ideological and functional programming of a political party"; 2) to identify forms of political communication; 3) to clarify the actual content of the identified forms of political communication.

Methods. The achievement of the research goal and the successful resolution of the tasks involved the use of the dialectic of scientific search. A content analysis of a number of theoretical and methodological developments that have been widely recognized in modern political science and party science, political PR research was also carried out.

Results. As a result of the research, it was possible to characterize the forms of political communication through which political parties carry out their ideological and functional programming.

Conclusions. In the present, it is advisable to talk about non-marketing (propaganda, agitation, creating a positive image) and marketing (political PR) forms of political communication.

Key words: communication, political communication, ideological and functional programming of political parties, propaganda, agitation, image of a political party, political advertising.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.019

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

M.V. SHATOKHIN Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, FGOBU VO «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation» Moscow, Russia

V.A. MOISEEV Lecturer FGBOU VO «MSUTU them. K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia

V.V. PAVLOV Lecturer FGBOU VO «MSUTU them. K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN SCIENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS AND POLITICAL TENSION

Introduction: the article deals with the most relevant aspects of the development of Russian science in the face of unprecedented sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries. The team of authors presented an analysis of the following problems of the functioning of domestic science in the system of sanctions: massive refusals of Western countries to publish the results of scientific works of domestic specialists; reduction, and sometimes even a complete suspension of international cooperation in the scientific field; cancellation of international events that were supposed to take place on the territory of our country; exclusion of domestic representatives from the governing bodies of a number of international scientific organizations; disconnection from information sources that are under the patronage of foreign institutional units; termination or radical increase in the cost of supplied foreign equipment, which is necessary for scientific research; curtailment of training and internship programs for domestic specialists in foreign scientific centers; restriction, and sometimes even a direct ban on visiting domestic scientific centers by foreign specialists, which also contributes to the isolation of Russian science and reduces the potential for its development. To substantiate the conclusions drawn, an analytical diagnostics of statistical material was performed that characterizes the volume of foreign financing of scientific developments in the Russian Federation, the share of foreign sources in the total volume of financing of scientific developments in the Russian Federation, and the dynamics of expenses for the import of scientific research equipment in the Russian Federation.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the problems and specifics of the functioning of Russian science in the context of sanctions and political tensions. Achieving this goal is the result of solving the following list of tasks:

– to focus the main problems of the development of Russian science in the context of sanctions;

– highlight the key vectors of pressure from unfriendly countries on domestic science;

– substantiate the prospects and potential for the destructive impact of sanctions in the short term for the scientific community;

– to characterize the possibilities for the development of Russian science within the framework of a negative political background.

Results of the study: the work of the team of authors presents a general assessment of the main problems of the development of Russian science in the context of sanctions, which includes the study of the most relevant tools of external pressure on the scientific space, among which one can single out the massive refusals of Western countries to publish the results of scientific works of domestic specialists, limiting international cooperation in the scientific field, the cancellation of international events that were supposed to take place on the territory of our country, the exclusion of domestic representatives from the governing bodies of a number of international scientific organizations, restriction of access to international sources of information, a ban on the supply of scientific equipment, minimization of scientific communications.

Key words: science, sanctions, Russia, education, international cooperation, scientific development, scientific environment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.020

GUAN' BOVEN' Postgraduate, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF STATE CULTURAL POLICY: FROM PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE TO LEADERSHIP IN CULTURAL INNOVATIONS

This article discusses the directions of development of modern state cultural policy in terms of protecting traditional culture, as well as introducing innovations in the field of arts. The author gives a brief description of China's cultural policy, as well as the concept of "soft power" as a new means of changing the state image. As a result, it was found that the Chinese government has made significant efforts to strengthen its soft power and improve the efficiency of state policy in the field of culture. It is worth noting that it takes time to create soft power, but once its impact is achieved, such attraction and persuasion generates long-term changes. Cultural efforts help build a good reputation for China and have the potential to combat stereotypes about China, which will then boost its economic development by attracting more foreign investors and tourists to the country. At the same time, it helps build trust in the homeland among Chinese citizens and promotes a sense of belonging between themselves and the nation. This also applies to soft power with Chinese characteristics, which scholars discuss, stating that the Chinese soft power project emphasizes the creation of an international reputation and the creation of a modern society at home.

Key words: culture, politics, state, innovations, traditions, protection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.021

E.A. MAMAEV Postgraduate student of the department of history of public movements and political parties of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

STATE SOCIAL POLICY AND STAGING SOCIAL ISSUE IN THE PROGRAMS OF RUSSIAN POLITICAL PARTIES

The article analyzes the role of the welfare state in solving the social issue, as well as the formulation of this problem in the programs of Russian political parties. It is noted that not all Russian parties have a social program, despite the fact that political parties have the opportunity to formulate the main directions of social policy and implement them. The program documents of such parties as United Russia, Just Russia, and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation are the most informative. Pension provision is the most demanded by political parties, therefore, each program contains proposals for its solution. It should be noted that not all political parties offer real plans for improving pensions, many party documents contain criticism and rhetorical exclamations. The issue of social insurance is considered by the parties to a lesser extent. We can note the specific proposals of the parties "United Russia" and the Liberal Democratic Party. The article concludes about the important role of social policy programs for the political future of parties.

Key words: welfare state, social policy, social insurance, pension provision, social support, social projects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.022

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia

M.V. SHATOKHIN Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, FGOBU VO «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Russia

V.P. SMORCHKOVA Doctor of Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Life Safety and Civil Education of the State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

I.V. ULRICH Senior Lecturer at NOCHU VO «Moscow Financial and Industrial University «Synergy», Moscow, Russia

FEATURES AND POTENTIAL OF THE IMPACT OF THE SANCTION POLICY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

Introduction: the article discusses the most relevant aspects of the influence of the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries on the system of higher education in Russia. The team of authors concludes that the sanctions in general had a negative impact on the functioning of the domestic system of higher education, but at the same time formed a certain window of opportunity for its transformation, taking into account national interests and state priorities. The current difficulties are temporary and do not have significant destructive consequences, and building a sovereign vector for the development of the higher education system is an essential element in the implementation of the national security strategy. Geopolitical turbulence has once again shown the complete unscrupulousness and unreliability of Western partners who sacrifice long-term relationships in the higher education system to local political ambitions. Thus, at this stage, the most important strategic task of developing and implementing a new concept for the development of the Russian education system is being formed before the relevant state authorities and political elites of the country, which should guard historical justice, national values, and also ensure the protection of the future generation within the framework of a hybrid war.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the features and potential impact of the sanctions policy on the development of the higher education system in Russia. Achieving this goal is the result of solving the following list of tasks:

– highlight the main directions of the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries on the system of higher education in Russia;

– to substantiate the prospects for using the instruments of sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries on the functioning of the system of domestic higher education;

– to formulate the key problems of the functioning of the country's higher education system under the conditions of sanctions and to construct probabilistic ways to solve them;

– to carry out diagnostics of statistical material characterizing the potential impact of sanctions on the higher education system of the Russian Federation.

Results of the study: the team of authors summarized the main directions and features of the influence of the sanctions of unfriendly countries on the development of the higher education system in Russia. Within the framework of the study, the main consequences and results of the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries in this context include: discrimination of students on the basis of nationality in universities of unfriendly countries and expulsion of Russian students, the maximum reduction in opportunities for Russians to study in educational institutions of unfriendly countries, restriction of international exchange of students, in including in the form of internships, which in a certain sense leads to the impoverishment of the educational process in the Russian Federation and a decrease in its practice-oriented potential, the almost complete freezing of partnerships between educational organizations, the departure of individual representatives of the foreign academic environment from the domestic education system, the potential departure of individual domestic teachers abroad for conducting academic courses, the formation of an aura of toxicity of the relative domestic system of higher education and the received attestation documents on the basis of successful completion of academic courses, as well as access to international online platforms is closed for Russian students, which reduces the potential of the educational process, reduces the opportunities for obtaining information and exchange of results of scientific activities, the largest international educational online platforms closed access for students to Russian educational programs.

Key words: higher education, sanctions, Russia, international cooperation, educational potential, educational space.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.023

S.SH. SOPROMADZE Graduate specialist of FSBEI HE KSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia medical worker of OBUZ «Kursk Regional Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital», Kursk, Russia

DIGITAL HEALTH POLICY AND PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF TELEMEDICINE IN SURGERY

Introduction: the article discusses the features of the use of telemedicine in surgery in the wake of expanding the potential of digital policy at the present stage of development of the healthcare system. The adaptation of digital technologies and interactive platforms is a key trend in the current stage of development of the healthcare system. The use of digital platform solutions contributes to an increase in the efficiency and quality of medical services, which is especially important in the context of a deteriorating sanitary and epidemiological situation. In this regard, the domestic authorities are facing an important task in the vector of promoting digital technologies in the healthcare system while minimizing the risks of information security. The use of telemedicine has its own characteristics in each area of the health care system. The use of digital technologies in surgery is becoming increasingly important, which contribute to improving the accuracy of preoperative diagnostics, and also actively participate directly in surgical intervention procedures. Expanding the capacity of using telemedicine in surgery is a breakthrough direction for maximizing the effectiveness of surgical intervention. In some cases, it is telemedicine technologies that generate the necessary set of factors for successful treatment of patients. The integration of telemedicine into surgery is necessary to build a progressive track for the evolution of this area of the healthcare system and requires the constant growth of a wide range of professional competencies of medical workers.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the key directions in the development of digital health care policy and to study the features of the use of telemedicine in surgery. Achieving this goal is the result of solving the following list of tasks:

– substantiate the relevance of the use of digital technologies in the healthcare system;

– highlight the key aspects of the modern development policy of domestic telemedicine;

– to characterize the features of the use of telemedicine in surgery.

Results of the study: the author concludes that it is necessary to expand the potential of using digital technologies in the modern domestic healthcare system to improve the quality and efficiency of medical services. As a result of the analytical diagnostics, the presence of a positive trend in the perception of digital technologies in the healthcare sector by the population was highlighted. The study revealed the features of the use of telemedicine in surgery, which confirm the hypothesis about the relevance of expanding the potential of using this tool in the organization of surgical intervention. The use of telemedicine technologies in surgical procedures greatly increases the likelihood of achieving a positive result in the focus of saving the life and health of the patient.

Key words: telemedicine, healthcare, digital technologies, digitalization, digital policy, surgery, medical services.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.024

А.S. INOMOV Researcher at the Institute of Social and Spiritual research at the Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

THE NECESSITY AND CONDITIONS FOR ORGANIZING A SYSTEM OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES

This article substantiates the relevance of the research topic, based on the analysis of the definitions existing in the scientific literature, the content of the concept of "professional legal awareness" is revealed. The article analyzes the reforms carried out in the internal affairs bodies to raise the system of training, retraining and advanced training, the continuous educational and career process of employees to a new level, as well as the regulatory legal acts adopted in this regard.

Key words: professional sense of justice, legal education, legal culture, reform, code.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.025

A.V. KVINDT Master's student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE ERA OF DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE USE OF BASIC TECHNOLOGIES, BARRIERS AND THEIR OVERCOMING IN RUSSIA

The article discusses the main artificial intelligence technologies used in the modern world in public administration. The purpose of the work is to solve a number of problems with the introduction of artificial intelligence in public administration and management in general. The subject of the research is technologies, advantages and barriers to implementation in Russia. In this research, the method of qualitative content analysis was used. The article highlights the main problems in infrastructure, regulatory and personnel areas, the benefits and consideration of the potential development of artificial intelligence in Russian practice. It is concluded that the introduction of artificial intelligence in many areas of society is gradually becoming a necessity due to the acceleration of the global pace and the increase in information, digitalization has overtaken the sphere of public administration, where it is necessary to apply new technologies and approaches to ensure a comfortable life for citizens and the ability to compete in the international arena.

Key words: public administration, artificial intelligence, technologies, barriers, advantages, digital transformation.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.026

I.V. KOLOSOVA PhD (history), Associate professor of Politology and Political Philosophy Department, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

BUDDHISM IN WORLD POLITICS

The article considers the participation of Buddhism in the world political process. Being an integral part of Asian cultures, Buddhism as a factor of identity exerts a significant influence on social and political life of the Buddhist countries. Buddha’s teaching is characterized by flexibility and adaptability to different cultural environments. In addition to the traditional Buddhist branches of Mahayana and Theravada the global or transnational Buddhism, free from the context of cultural traditions, is developing.

Buddhist political doctrine is based on the teaching of the Chakravartin – the noble ruler – the guardian of Buddhist teachings and the patron of Dharma. The presence of personal merits forms the basis for legitimizing the power of the sovereign according to the Buddhist concept. It is noted that the ideology of the Buddhist Dharmic state remains open to interpretations within the Mahayana and Theravada traditions. The principle of «ahimsa» (Sanskrit: «non-harm», «nonviolence») is being explored as a fundamental principle of Buddhism, which implies rejection of harming living beings. The article considers the potential of Buddhism in the context of implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The author explores the phenomenon of Buddhist diplomacy.

On the example of the Buddhist-Muslim conflict in Myanmar, the problem of distortion of Buddhist teaching is considered. It is concluded that Buddhism in its nationalized forms becomes part of the worldview based on the «friend-foe» dichotomy and thereby undergoes significant deformation under the influence of local socio-political and economic conditions.

The article considers the main platforms of interaction between Buddhist confessions. It is concluded that, unlike transformed, politicized forms, traditional Buddhist teaching possess a huge peacemaking potential. Based on the principle of ahimsa and mutual responsibility, Buddhism can contribute to the effective conflict resolution.

Key words: Buddhism, ahimsa, Buddhist civilization, Buddhist diplomacy, Dalai Lama, Tibet, Myanmar, World Fellowship of Buddhists, Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.027

A.R. SULEYMANOV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia

PRODUCT APPROACH IN DESIGNING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION

The product methodology in the work will be revealed from the standpoint of constructing the attractiveness of Eurasian integration, its meanings and values for the international community. The uniqueness of the application of the product methodology in building external relations of states lies in the focus on managing the chain of creation of products that have value for integration. Not all modern projects in the field of interstate cooperation have a significant effect on integration. This effect is difficult to quantify, it is determined by dedication, involvement in specific interstate structures, as well as their assessment and semantic content. The result of the Eurasian integration, according to the author of the article, should primarily form a value for the participants of this process, projected on a national scale. The article analyzes the situation of uncertainty in which international Eurasian processes arrive and develop, and also identifies the main "pains" that hinder Eurasian integration in the context of the current world agenda, and offers solutions for their "treatment".

Key words: Eurasian integration, product approach, value, interstate cooperation, tools.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.028

HAO LONG Candidate of Political Sciences (MSU), Doctor of Political Sciences (Peking University), Lecturer, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Moscow, Russia

A CRITICAL STUDY OF WESTERN DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM – TAKING AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM AS AN EXAMPLE

Democracy is the basis of the discourse of modern Western politics, from the moment the concept appeared to the present day at the level of the "hierarchy of values", a complex process has taken place. After the bourgeois Revolution in England, the American War of Independence and the French Revolution, the developed modern Western countries were raised to "arrogant values". At the same time, all countries of the world also imply "institutional democracy" as the main international moral principle "beyond borders". However, in practice, the institutional vector that Western countries, led by the United States, rely on is still a representative democracy characterized by representation and elections, and objectively far from meeting people's expectations regarding democracy. In addition, due to the great cultural differences between the countries of the world and the fact that "democratic issues" were arbitrarily used by some countries with ulterior motives, this led to large disputes between countries, serious interstate conflicts. The article attempts, within the framework of the approach of the ideological and logical source of "democracy", in combination with relevant political theories, as well as history and practice, to try to explain the true values of democracy and its shortcomings in the Western style. The article analyzes the interests of various US political parties and groups, their political platforms in the context of democratic procedures, which is insufficiently studied in Russian historiography. The purpose of the study is to propose some possible directions for the democratic development of the international community on the basis of scientific analysis.

Key words: Western democracy, criticism, US democratic policy, US history.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.029

LIANG WEIYI Postgraduate student of the Higher School of Cultural Policy and management in the humanitarian sphere of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES OF CHINESE-RUSSIAN COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION

Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of education has always been an important part of establishing friendly diplomatic relations between China and Russia, and it is of great importance for improving the quality of education between the two countries and their international status. Especially under the leadership of the "One Belt, One Road" policy, the national education cooperation between China and Russia has opened up unprecedented opportunities for development. This article summarizes and analyzes the results of Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of education in recent years.

Key words: Chinese-Russian education, international cooperation in the field of education, establishment of friendly Chinese-Russian diplomatic relations, Chinese-Russian Cultural Festival, Belt and Road Initiative.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.030

G.R. GABRIELYAN Postgraduate student of the State university of education, Moscow, Russia

MAIN VECTORS OF PRC MODERN INFORMATION POLICY: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

This article is devoted to the study of the basics of information policy of the People's Republic of China, which the country's leadership began to actively promote after the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012. It was then that the main goal of China's information policy was to become a "Strong Network State". Thus, the basics of the information policy pursued by the Chinese leadership were defined by the increasing role of state and non-state actors in the digital environment, including the media and various transnational corporations. The main objective pursued by the PRC leadership in its information policy is to ensure the country's information security and to create conditions in which the state can control the flows of information that appear in the digital environment and in which the digitalisation of the state's political life will occur. The relevance of this study is due to the increased academic interest in studying the basics of information policy of various countries, including the PRC, as one of the largest markets for IT technologies and services. Thus, the main directions of modern information policy in the People's Republic of China (PRC) are related to digitalisation, information control, the development of a digital political environment and the use of social media as a tool for state-society interaction.

Key words: People's Republic of China, information policy, information security, cyber-attacks, mass media, Internet, cybersecurity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.031

GAO YUE PhD student Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINA: FROM THE REGIONAL SCO TO THE MEGAPROJECT "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD"

This article discusses issues related to the dynamics of China's position in the international arena. Special attention is drawn to China's position in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It is concluded that the SCO has become China's approbation of its steps in the international arena, taking into account both foreign policy interests and domestic policy issues. It is emphasized that it was only through the SCO that the emergence of the mega-project "One Belt, One Belt" became possible, which contributes to strengthening the role and place of China in the international arena.

Key words: SCO, China, politics, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.032

GU ZEKUN Phd student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE SECURITY CONCEPT OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

With the end of the Cold War, calls for a change in the traditional concept of security are heard more clearly. In this regard, today each actor in international relations is developing new concepts of security that correspond to their specific development. Since its inception, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (hereinafter SCO) has given priority to security relations, including research on this topic. At present, however, the attention of the academic community is focused on practices, while research on theoretical aspects is incomplete. The current SCO security system is based on the New Security Concept, which is expressed through the notion of the Shanghai Spirit. This paper compares the SCO security concept with other security concepts within international relations theory by analyzing its strengths and weaknesses, which may contribute to theoretical research in this field and further improve the organization's security strategy.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), security concept, New Security Concept, Shanghai Spirit.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.033

A.B. DZHAISANOV Doctoral student of the department of "Civil Society and legal education” of the National University Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CENTRAL ASIA

(BY THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN)

Modern tools influence the formation and development of regional cooperation. One of these tools is non-governmental organizations or youth organizations. The article presents a comparative analysis of the activities of NGOs in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan are focused on the ideological and communication models of NGOs, as well as on the development of socio-economic, "need-based" models of relations with NGOs. The author analyzes the development trends, problems and opportunities of these organizations on the example of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

Key words: cooperation, globalization, problem, conflict, common interest, interstate cooperation, subject, , voluntariness, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.034

MANSUR DARIA NUMMAN Assistant of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

V.V. SKORIKOV Master student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN SOFT POWER IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE

Soft power is an important foreign policy tool that allows a country to influence other states not by force, but through the recognition of ideals, values and culture. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has faced challenges in maintaining its influence in the newly independent states. According to the modern foreign policy strategy of Russia, which was approved in 2000, the post-Soviet space is the highest priority for our country. One of the main tasks of foreign policy is to create a favorable image of the country among the peoples living in the post-Soviet space. The soft power of Russia has a great influence on various aspects of life in the countries of the post-Soviet space. It helps to strengthen cultural, educational and economic ties, contributes to the settlement of political conflicts and the development of mutual understanding. The use of soft power is a fundamental element of Russia's foreign policy and proves its desire to establish stable and trusting relations with the countries of the region.

Key words: soft power, post-Soviet space, cultural diplomacy, foreign policy of Russia, CIS.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.035

OĞUZHAN FERMAN PhD Student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

HOW THE GIEDROYC-MIEROSZEWSKI DOCTRINE EVALUATED BY RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LITERATURE: AN EXAMPLE OF COUNTER-SECURITIZATION

The ULB Doctrine, developed by Jerzy Giedroyc and Juliusz Mieroszewski during the Cold War, ties Polish independence and security to that of the countries of the ULB region, which are Ukraine, Lithuania, and Belarus. This line of thought is generally considered positive by Western/Polish IR literature since any kind of historical revanchism and one regarding borders towards these countries is denounced. Attitude of the doctrine is cautious towards Russia, which may turn out a potential threat to Polish statehood in the future according to the theory, but again any kind of revanchism is denounced. Solution of this geopolitical bottleneck is found in strong cooperation with the ULB countries and in the promotion of Western values in Poland, the ULB countries, and Russia. The ULB doctrine has generally been critically received, if not completely negatively, by Russian IR literature. Most basic explanation would be the conflict of interests between Russia and Poland over the ULB region. I propose that discursive dynamics of the said conflict of interests can be understood in terms of securitization and counter-securitization committed by the ULB doctrine and contemporary Polish foreign policy, and Russian IR literature, respectively. The ULB doctrine commits an act of securitization by demarcating the region, meanwhile contemporary Polish foreign policy takes it even further and independently. In this case, Russian IR literature’s criticism of the doctrine can be accepted as an example of counter-securitization.

Key words: Counter-securitization, The ULB Doctrine, Polish-Russian Relations, Jerzy Giedroyc, Juliusz Mieroszewski, Prometheism, Eastern Partnership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.036

M.S. PROKOFIEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANTI-COLONIAL RHETORIC IN THE FRAMEWORK OF RUSSIA'S USE OF THE CONCEPT OF "DISCOURSE POWER": OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS

The paper touches upon the problem of search for a concept that could be used to systematize efforts aimed at exercizing foreign policy influence by non-coercive methods. Considering the fact that there exists a discussion regarding the relevance of the "soft power" concept and its applicability in the modern geopolitical realia, the author proposes to turn to the Chinese concept of "discourse power". The article examines the essence and gives examples of this concept as well as argues that the Russian "discourse power" can be based on anti-colonial rhetoric. A brief review of several speeches and publications of Russian officials on the subject of the fight against colonialism is provided. In addition, the author analyzes the advantages and possible risks of using anti-colonial rhetoric within Russian foreign policy: the former include a solid historical basis, positive perception from the countries of the Global South and the opportunity for an interpretation of the causes and events of the Ukrainian crisis alternative to the Western one, while the latter include a certain ideological contradiction between the Russian political system and the traditionally left-wing nature of anti-colonial discourse, insufficient economic support and the possibility of using anti-colonial themes against Russia itself.

Key words: discourse power, soft power, anti-colonialism, Russian foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.037

XU MENGZHU Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LU WANQING Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Scientific supervisors:

O.А. ALEKSEENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.V. KOROTAEV Doctor of historical sciences, professor Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Russia's relations with China occupy one of the most important places in Russian politics. This is due to geographical proximity, the place of the People's Republic of China in the world economy and its potential, and its influence on the international situation. At this stage, relations with China are becoming increasingly important for the Russian Federation, which is under international sanctions and considers China as a country that can help it solve a number of problems that have arisen in the economic, foreign policy and other spheres. The Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are building their strategic partnership on the basis of common national interests and on the basis of the historical experience of four centuries of neighborhood. The level of development of Russian-Chinese relations is characterized by stability, maturity and mutual trust. Differences in the level of development of national economies do not prevent the two countries from maintaining a dialogue based on equality, trust and mutual benefit. This article describes the development of Russian-Chinese relations, describes the nature of cooperation between the two countries at the present stage, examines the challenges and problems arising from the point of view of the economic and political sphere of international relations between Russia and China.

Key words: international relations, the impact of globalization, Russian-Chinese cooperation, regional relations, Russia's foreign policy course, China's economic development strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.038

А.М. TERESHENKOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Asian and African countries, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia

COVID-19 AS A GLOBAL POLITICAL CHALLENGE: CONTENT AND MAIN TRENDS

The study is devoted to the study of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global political dynamics. It is stated that the pandemic, being a global global challenge, acted as a catalyst for such trends as the growing crisis of the unifying Western-centric model of globalization and the increasing fragmentation of the «global world», the accelerated formation of new geopolitical and geo-economic regions, which are largely reflected in the «vaccine areas». Special attention should also be paid to the growth of political influence of non-state actors: first of all, transnational corporations whose activities are related to countering the pandemic. Among the indicated trends, a special place is occupied by systematic attempts of opportunistic use of the «pandemic factor», including for purely instrumental electoral purposes.

Key words: COVID-19, pandemic, global peace, medical diplomacy, «vaccine areas».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.039

PHAN THI NHUAN Postgraduate student of the Russian University friendship of peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RULING COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 1945-1988

The article points out the characteristics of the Communist Party of Vietnam in its leadership role for the State and society of Vietnam in the period 1945-1988. For the period 1945 to 1954, when the Democratic Republic of Vietnam declared its independence, the ruling characteristics of the Communist Party of Vietnam were mainly expressed through its diplomatic and revolutionary lines to fight against French invasion. For the period 1954 to 1975, faced with the nature of the country being temporarily divided into two regions (North and South), the ruling characteristics of the Communist Party of Vietnam were evident in the process of solving the tasks of each region and the whole country, both to develop the economy in the North and to fight the revolution in the South. For the period 1975 to 1988, as Vietnam was peaceful, independent, and unified in both the North and the South, the ruling characteristics of the Communist Party of Vietnam clearly showed its advantages and limitations. Going through different periods with different historical characteristics, the Communist Party of Vietnam has made adjustments in its ruling role to meet the specific goals of each period. With the results achieved, the Communist Party of Vietnam has maintained its ruling position over the State and Society of Vietnam until now.

Key words: Communist Party of Vietnam, political system, pireod, characteristics, power, party, party system, party in power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.040

ZHU XU Postgraduate student of School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE UNITED STATES AND PAKISTAN AS EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE RUSSIAN-INDIAN-CHINESE TRILATERAL RELATIONS

With the end of the Cold War and growing pressure from the United States, Russia, India and China began to actively cooperate, which eventually led to the creation of the RIC group (Russia-India-China). The article deals with the problems of modern Russian-Indian-Chinese trilateral relations. The purpose of the article is to identify the main external factors influencing the development of Russian-Indian-Chinese trilateral relations. Special attention is paid to the influence of the USA and Pakistan on the existing "triangle". The analysis of the key factors affecting the relations between Russia, India and China makes it possible to determine the key directions of the development of international relations between Russia, India and China. The analysis showed that the United States and Pakistan at different times played a role in promoting/inhibiting trilateral cooperation. The interaction of trilateral relations should be considered from the point of view of "3+1" or "3+n", and attention should be paid to the partial overlap of the set of trilateral relations.

Key words: Russia, India, China, USA, Pakistan, Trilateral Relations.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.041

N.A. ZINKOV Master student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov; Chairman of the Presidium of the Youth Department Russian Society of Political Scientists, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF YOUTH COMMUNITIES AS AN INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION

This article discusses the issue related to the classification of youth communities. The author pays special attention to the current state and classification of youth professional communities. The author studied the key elements of the concept of youth communities, as well as the features of their activities. In addition, this paper describes the characteristics reflecting the activities of youth communities as a separate sector of youth policy. The author presented a classification of youth professional communities, according to the results of which seven key groups of youth communities were identified, based on their fields of activity.

Key words: Youth professional communities, classification, youth policy, MolROP, Smp RAPN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.042

D.S. MYASNIKOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.S. ERMOLAEVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING AND INTERACTION OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Transitional processes in the political sphere of Russian society and the state require a systematic study of the practice of the functioning of state power and the qualitative state of civil society. No less important are the issues of organization and functioning of the state mechanism and its improvement to recognize, observe and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. As a result of the constitutional reform of 2020, the institution of a unified system of public power was introduced, consisting of state authorities and local governments (Articles 71, 80, 83, 132 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, local self-government, state authority, public authority, civil society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.043

D.A. PROKHOROVA Master in international relations Faculty of global studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SADC: TO THE HISTORY OF THE REGIONAL INTEGRATION

This article covers the main stages of the establishment of Southern African Development Community (SADC), a regional integration association that includes sub-Saharan countries, most of which are classified by the UN as the least developed countries. The majority of SADC members are countries that gained independence in 1960s-1970s. That is why pan-African initiatives that have stimulated these countries to establish cooperation within the region in order to achieve collective self-sufficiency are described in this article. The key stages in these countries’ convergence in terms of economic integration, the main achievements in this sphere and some of the obstacles to further integration are highlighted. The member states of the South African Customs Union (SACU) and South Africa have special position in SADC which is also outlined in the article.

Key words: SADC, SADCC, SACU, economic integration, integration association, free trade area, global regionalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.044

E.S. FILIMONOVA Graduate of the Bachelor's and Master's degrees of the Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines of the Faculty of Political Science of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.D. SAKHAROV'S INFLUENCE ON PERESTROIKA IN THE USSR

The purpose of the study: to find out exactly what ideas Sakharov proposed long before perestroika in the USSR. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to perform the following tasks:

1) get acquainted with Sakharov's biography and his political works;

2) conduct a political and textual analysis of the work "About the country and the World" (1975);

3) to analyze the video recording of Sakharov's speech at the "1st Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR" in 1989;

4) conduct a political and textual analysis of Sakharov's "Decree on Power".

Increasingly, provocative nuclear ultimatums are being heard from the mouths of officials of post-Soviet countries. The largest players are forced to respond to such attacks in a timely manner not only to consolidate their authority in the system of international relations, but also to strengthen territories and preserve the parity of nuclear forces. Without a timely constructive reaction, the same thing can happen to the state that happened to the USSR in the 90s. Mikhail Gorbachev used the ideas of A.D. Sakharov, which led to the collapse of the USSR. The result of the study is conclusions about Sakharov's contribution to perestroika. Sakharov's influence consisted in his definition and clear formulation of the measures necessary for the reform of the USSR. The list of these measures included economic (independence of enterprises, denationalization of services, light industry and decollectivization, the right to strike, free exchange of the ruble for foreign currency, restriction of the monopoly of foreign trade), socio-political (amnesty of political prisoners, abolition of the death penalty, etc., multiparty system, equality of all citizens, freedom to choose a place to live, etc. works; freedom of opinion, freedom of conscience, freedom of information dissemination, publicity, etc.) reforms ("About the country and the World", 1975). Sakharov's contribution to determining the prerogatives of the highest state authorities, the federal territorial-state structure of the country, the electoral and judicial systems is also significant ("Crisis of People's Trust", "Decree on Power", 1989). Research method: historical and political analysis.

Key words: Perestroika, reforms, Decree on power, speech "crisis of people's trust", legislative acts, collapse of the USSR, constitution, glasnost, Congress of Deputies, head of the Supreme Council, denationalization, decollectivization, freedom of speech, political prisoners, modern liberalism in Russia, judicial system, Gorbachev, Bonner.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.045

CUJ I Master's degree, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINESE-RUSSIAN CULTURAL EXCHANGE AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT

This article analyzes the cultural exchange between Russia and China, and also determines the prospects for their development. The author provides a brief description of the development of cooperation between China and Russia in the field of culture, as well as the features of this process from the point of view of the One Belt, One Road initiative and the Community of a Common Destiny of Humanity. As a result, the importance of cultural cooperation in modern Sino-Russian relations of strategic partnership is noted. In cultural cooperation, culture is used as an object and means of achieving the main goals of the state's foreign policy, creating a favorable image of the country, popularizing the culture and languages of its peoples. The high degree of similarity between the fundamental phenomena of Chinese and Russian cultures increases the potential for bilateral cooperation in unstable geopolitical conditions.

Key words: China, Russia, cooperation, culture, prospects, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.046

FANG KAIFANG Master, Southern Federal University, Institute of History and International Relations, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF PRC FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE COUNTRIES OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS

This article is devoted to the study of the foreign policy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in relation to the countries of the South Caucasus. It highlights the issues of China's security, economic influence and strategic interaction in the South Caucasus, which complements and expands the existing academic discourse. The author notes that the PRC seeks to achieve several goals in relation to the countries of the South Caucasus: strengthening the economic position in the region through investment, trade and energy cooperation; development of diplomatic relations and cultural exchange; support for the process of conflict resolution and the principle of inviolability of the territorial integrity of the states of the region. The main goal of China's foreign policy is to promote the creation of a renewed, multipolar system of international relations. In this regard, the importance of the South Caucasus in China's foreign policy is determined by cooperation with neighboring countries (Russia, Iran and Turkey) of the adjacent territory and joining the One Belt, One Road initiative. The study also identified some challenges and problems: rivalry with other global and regional powers; presence of conflicts and instability; differences in views and interests with individual countries of the region. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the connection of the research results with the general theme and objectives of the work, as well as indicates possible directions for further research and application of the results in the practice of foreign policy.

Key words: foreign policy, PRC, South Caucasus, goals and objectives, interests, challenges.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.95.7.047

YA.I. LYSENKO Student, Faculty of international relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

P.A. SINYAK Bachelor, Faculty of international relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Scientific director:

Parfenyonok N.L. Assistant of the Department of European Studies, St. Petersburg State University of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF EXTREMISM IN POPULAR SWEDISH DISCOURSE

The article examines in detail the history of radical parties and associations at the present stage of Swedish history, provides an analysis of their activities in order to explain the position of the extremist movement in Sweden today. It is established that extremism has gone into the digital underground, from where it no longer has a significant impact on the political and cultural life of the country – to confirm this, the necessary analysis of metrics and primary sources was carried out. At the end, an assumption is made about the reasons for the regularity of such a sharp decline in extremism in Swedish discourse.

Key words: extremism, radicalism, NSF, Swedish Democrats, alt-right.

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