№ 8-2 (96-2), 2023
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 8-2 (96-2), 2023
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Petropolsky D.I. Political Leadership Classical and Modern Approaches to Understanding
Chemshit D.A. Distribution of National Resources as a Functional Aspect of Modernization Crises
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Chizhik K.V. Working with Human Resources in Social Security Departments Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 1960-1980
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Astvatsaturova M.A. Patriotic Values of Politics and the Politics of Patriotic Values in Modern Russian Society
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Poyarkov R.A. The Impact of Globalization on the Political System of the Modern State
Kovalev M.K. Features and Mechanisms for Implementing the State Information Policy of the Russian Federation
Vlasov M.Ya. The Need for Introducing Federal Regulation Experience Into Regional Image Projects
Garin I.Yu. Political and Civic Participation of Youth in the Context of Defining the Contour of the Future
Musayev M.T. National Ideology as a Factor of Society Stability in the Era of Globalization
Parmanov S.A. Ideal Foundations for Increasing the Political Culture of Youth of Uzbekistan
Khabarov I.A. "Cherry Orchards" and "The Mastering Man": Some Examples of the Reorganization of Symbolic Power in the 20th Century Locality
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES
Minchenkov E.N. Lobbyism as Democratic Practices of a Federal State
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Suleymanov A.R. Managing Stakeholders of Eurasian Integration: Problem Statement
Shupletsova K.V., Pisarenko S.S. Japanese Vision of the Indo-Pacific Space
Monge R.V. Legal Grounds and Participation Dynamics of the Tuva Republic in Russian Foreign Economic Relations
Pavlov N.R., Slabov E.A. Countering Network Terrorism in the Context of the Formation of the Information Society
Aliev R.A., Chernykh N.A. Dynamics of Chemical Pollution in the Northern Caspian Sea in the Context of Environmental Security and Sustainable Development of the Region
Kuronov U.M. Global Manifestation of Destructive Threats and Totalitarian Sects
Pesochin A.M. Political Interaction of the Russian Federation and South Africa: Bilateral and Multilateral Formats
STUDENT SCIENCE
Kupalov-Yaropolk A.I. The Indigenous Population of French Guiana in the XXI Century: the Dark Realities of Globalization
Liu Ying. Environmental NGO Research in Kazakhstan
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.001
D.I. PETROPOLSKY Development Director of YURMP LLC, applicant, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP CLASSICAL AND MODERN APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING
Within the framework of this study, the views of various classical and contemporary scholars on understanding the essence and content of the phenomenon of political leadership are reviewed. The problem of studying this topic is that so far there has not been a unified approach to the definition of political leadership in the scientific political environment. A rather wide variety of points of view among political scientists has led to the identification of classical theories of political leadership, which can intertwine with each other, complement each other, but at the same time, in some contemporaries' circles, be perceived as opposite.
Objective: to identify the key advantages and disadvantages of classical and contemporary approaches to understanding the essence of political leadership and to come to a conclusion about which approach is most appropriate to use, perhaps it is best to combine several approaches and put forward a new definition of political leadership, taking into account the advantages of various scientific theories.
Tasks: to consider the scientific approaches of classical scholars to leadership in politics; to study the views of contemporaries on political leadership; to characterize the main advantages and disadvantages of various theories; to formulate the author's own definition of political leadership.
Methods: description, generalization, synthesis, abstraction, idealization, deduction, induction, systematization, research, comparison.
Results: the most famous classical and modern approaches to the definition of the essence and content of the phenomenon of political leadership in the science of political science are highlighted; the author's definition of political leadership is formulated.
Conclusions: throughout the existence of the phenomenon of political leadership, starting from the period of antiquity and ending with the modern digitalization period of the development of political thought, the phenomenon of political leadership has evolved. The evolution of views on political leadership has gone from the perception of a political leader as a hero in ancient times to the formation of his digital image in modern political theory. As a result, the phenomenon of political leadership in its modern interpretation has absorbed various aspects of classical approaches (the theory of heroism, divinity, the great man, the theory of traits, etc.) in their connection with the activity of politicians in the Internet environment.
Key words: politics, leader, scientist, theory, approach, evolution, views, classical, modern, leadership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.002
D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL RESOURCES AS A FUNCTIONAL ASPECT OF MODERNIZATION CRISES
The article considers the distribution of resources within society as a basic function of the political system. It is noted that the nature of the distribution of national resources reflects the degree of effectiveness of political functioning. It is emphasized that political systems that are at the stage of modernization inevitably experience a crisis of resource allocation. The last thesis concerns the strategic level. The reasons for the distribution crisis in modernizing societies and at the tactical level are also indicated. We are talking about the imperfection of the mechanisms of social security and the inefficiency of profit redistribution within society. A generalizing conclusion is made about the permanent nature of the crisis of resource allocation in transitional societies.
Key words: functions of the political system, transitional political systems, national resources, political modernization, dysfunctions of political systems.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.003
K.V. CHIZHIK Teacher, Surgut State University, Surgut, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia
WORKING WITH HUMAN RESOURCES IN SOCIAL SECURITY DEPARTMENTS KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG-YUGRA IN 1960-1980
The article discusses the state policy of the USSR in the issue of training personnel to work in social security departments. Thanks to the analysis of archival documents, the author identified such problems as: ignorance by employees of legislation aimed at ensuring social guarantees, frequent turnover of personnel in the field and formalism in work. Based on the principle of historicism, the author was able to identify the characteristic conditions for the development of the state personnel policy and its impact on a certain territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. The relevance of the article is given by the fact that there are no works on this topic in the territory under consideration.
Methods: logical, historical, objectivity, analysis, synthesis, historical-comparative.
Conclusions: Thanks to the guidelines of the Ministry of Social Security of the RSFSR and the systematic work of the district, city and district departments, it was possible to significantly improve the general education and qualification level of personnel and, as a result, eliminate a number of existing problems.
Key words: social policy, state policy, social security, personnel policy, social security, education, professional development.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.004
M.A. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Director, Chief Researcher of the Scientific and Educational Center for Political and Ethnopolitical Studies of Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
PATRIOTIC VALUES OF POLITICS AND THE POLITICS OF PATRIOTIC VALUES IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
The article is devoted to the understanding of patriotism not only as a moral value, but more as a political ideology demanded by the Russian political class and Russian society in the context of geopolitical risks and challenges. The conditions and factors of strengthening the civic patriotism of Russians are highlighted on the basis of traditional Russian principles of relations between the state and society, in which the priorities of state interests are obvious. The resources of the formation of a value-based political-patriotic platform for the consolidation of society through the implementation of a targeted doctrinal political and managerial discourse are considered. In the course of the political analysis, the circumstances of the patriotic self-identification of Russian citizens are recorded and at the same time, the problems and contradictions of the "passion for patriotism" as an alternative ideology for the development of Russian society are identified.
Key words: geopolitical challenges and risks, Russia, patriotism, patriotic self-identification, Russian civic identity, value-based political and patriotic platform, political and managerial discourse.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.005
R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Russia, Orel; founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE MODERN STATE
The modern world is developing in the context of globalization, which carries not only positive factors, but also a huge number of threats to society and the development of the state. Along with digitalization, networking and robotization of economic processes, new risks associated with the substitution of ideological values among the population, the development of negative political trends, extremism and other phenomena are coming to the country. In this regard, it is of interest to study the concept of globalization and the factors contributing to its penetration into all aspects of the modern state, affecting the political situation in society, changing approaches and ideologies in the governance of the country. At the same time, many politicians are adherents of globalist ideas, believing that it is this concept that underlies the development of the modern state. However, these ideas should penetrate the political system of the state in a very dosed manner, taking into account the peculiarities of their own state and the risks associated with their introduction into political processes.
The article describes the concept of globalization and its impact on the political development of the modern state. The positive and negative sides are presented, as well as the opportunities that the state can use from this concept in the development of its own political structure.
Key words: globalization, political structure, networking, digitalization, influence, system, development.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.006
M.K. KOVALEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES AND MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE STATE INFORMATION POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article discusses the main mechanisms for the implementation of the state information policy of Russia (SIP RF) on the external and internal contours. The author analyzes legal, political, administrative and other means of regulating the information space. In conclusion, the features of the implementation of the SIP RF are highlighted.
Key words: state information policy, social media, political communications, Internet.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.007
M.Ya. VLASOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE NEED FOR INTRODUCING FEDERAL REGULATION EXPERIENCE INTO REGIONAL IMAGE PROJECTS
The article discusses various approaches to understanding the term "power", the features and conditions of its implementation in modern society. The purpose of the work is to identify the characteristic features of the Russian model of government. The objectives of the study are to give a historiographical description of the management of the Russian Federation in tsarist times; to characterize modern management trends based on the information received; to explain the crisis of the Russian management model in certain regions of the Russian Federation; to characterize the influence of the management model on the implementation of image projects; to develop practical recommendations for optimizing the Russian management system. When writing the work, the author used such methods as analysis and synthesis of information, deduction, induction, comparison and systematization of facts, scientific modeling, as well as the method of historiography. In conclusion, the author provides ways to modernize the Russian management model taking into account the current political situation, foreign and domestic historical experience.
Key words: management model, power, politics, political image, personnel rotation, state, bureaucratization, corruption.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.008
I.Yu. GARIN Director of the Center for Monitoring and Prevention of Deviant Behavior Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg State Maritime Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
POLITICAL AND CIVIC PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH IN THE CONTEXT OF DEFINING THE CONTOUR OF THE FUTURE
The article analyzes the problems of youth policy in the context of the crisis global economy and management, which is of an ideological nature. The global socio-economic crisis is especially acute in the context of the transformation social structures, the formation of new values, attitudes and norms in society. These factors have a significant impact on the youth environment as the most receptive to social and cultural innovations. The study, using the example of Western European countries and Germany in particular, analyzes the state of political and civic participation of young people in political processes, highlights the main directions of the process of political participation and joint production of politics as the basis of a modern democratic model of politics. The article notes that participatory management of social processes is aimed at deepening the content of civic participation, incl. youth. Based on the interpretation of the results of sociological research, the article draws a conclusion about the high level of distrust of young people in the current political model of governance, the low level of political participation in traditional party-political institutions, and the high level of absenteeism. At the same time, there is a high level of civic participation of the youth of Germany in public social and political actions (60% of high school students) dedicated to actions to protect the environment and climate, the requirements of social justice. The article notes a high level of European identification of young people, despite cultural and national differences, the influence of the factor of the country of origin. The main socio-demographic data of the youth of Germany are presented.
Key words: political participation, civic participation, youth, youth policy, youth socialization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.009
M.T. MUSAYEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Head of Department Institute for Social and Spiritual Research at the Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
NATIONAL IDEOLOGY AS A FACTOR OF SOCIETY STABILITY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION
This article pays attention to the social, political and democratic factors in the formation of national ideology. The article outlines the issues of forming ideological immunity as the basis for ensuring security and stability in society and their relationship. The thoughts of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the dangers of alien and destructive ideas and attacks are outlined, the factors, directions, forms, methods and consequences of illegal ideologies, as well as ways to combat them are outlined.
Key words: national ideology, globalization, threat, society, tolerance, mass culture, subculture, traditions and customs, morality, value, spirituality, social development, ideological education, factor, religion, information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.010
S.A. PARMANOV Senior Lecturer, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
IDEAL FOUNDATIONS FOR INCREASING THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF YOUTH OF UZBEKISTAN
In this state, the effectiveness of the formation of the political culture of youth in ensuring high development of the state and society, the forms and methods of effective mechanisms for increasing awareness of political processes are analyzed. The author analyzes the state policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan to support youth, turning them into a new force capable of becoming a source of reforms and ensuring prosperity countries in the future. The study analyzed a number of objective circumstances that impede the effective implementation of youth policy. The study made it possible to formulate priority tasks that need to be solved to achieve the goals of state youth policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Key words: Uzbekistan, development, youth, political culture, direction, state youth policy, youth, young family, young specialist, youth entrepreneurship.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.011
I.А. KHABAROV Candidate of Political Science, Director of the Center for Relations with Public Institutions of the Department for Strategic Communications, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia
"CHERRY ORCHARDS" AND "THE MASTERING MAN": SOME EXAMPLES OF THE REORGANIZATION OF SYMBOLIC POWER IN THE 20TH CENTURY LOCALITY
The relevance of studying the transformation of the living spaces of modern communities through a mastering action as a political act is dictated by the need for further understanding of universalist concepts that have become widespread popular models of political behavior. Referring to the circumstances of generating symbolic power as the most important dimension of the political process of localities is useful from the standpoint of a comprehensive consideration of the rotation of the respective elites and political regimes. Referring to the cases of the XX century allows us to clearly assess the features of the development model in a historical perspective. The purpose of the presented article is to consider individual characteristic examples of the realization of the symbolic potential of subjects mastering the political space of localities, related to the last century – the time of the formation of the development of this model. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consistently solve the problems of studying the applied management of symbols in politics, assessing the potential of symbolic practices for political involvement and exclusion, considering examples of the use of symbolic power in the struggle for the political space of localities in the XX century. The research uses scientific methods of analogy, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. According to the results of the study, conclusions are presented regarding the strategic and tactical aspects of the implementation of symbolic power by the subjects of the development model on a local scale.
Key words: symbolic power, space, locality, community, development, self-organization.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.012
E.N. MINCHENKOV Postgraduate student, Leningrad State University named after A.S. Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
LOBBYISM AS DEMOCRATIC PRACTICES OF A FEDERAL STATE
In the article, the author analyzes the modern perception of the phenomenon of lobbying, the renaissance of the theory of pluralism and lobbying, social and communicative interpretations of lobbying in the context of the political process. The article emphasizes the relevance of the study of lobbyism, which is also determined by the processes of changing associations, new trends in their fragmentation, professionalization and Europeanization are observed. The author considered and proposed the key positions and criteria for the formation of a register of lobbyists on the example of Germany.
The strategic importance of lobbying in setting the political agenda in public arenas is analyzed. It is determined that the value of the efforts of lobbyists is to identify key topics in the media community, which plays a decisive advantage in the system of strategic communications. Media efforts of lobbyists make it possible to determine the framing, the way the topic is perceived, the content of the subject, etc. The staging of a key socially significant topic by lobbyists requires knowledge of the logic of the media, media communication channels and professional interaction with journalists and media creators.
Key words: lobbying, influence groups, political process, mass media.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.013
A.R. SULEYMANOV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia
MANAGING STAKEHOLDERS OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION: PROBLEM STATEMENT
The complexity of managing the stakeholders of Eurasian integration, which are understood as a variety of factors, arises due to several reasons. A vague understanding of the stakeholders in this process. Ambiguous assessment of integration and its results. The absence of clear boundaries of the categorical apparatus. The author offers a solution to these problems from the standpoint of design and product methodology. This is a new field of opportunities for managing the interests of stakeholders and convergence between them. The article presents the parameters of multidimensional analysis that allow assessing the effectiveness of Eurasian integration. The author comes to the conclusion that with regard to Eurasian integration, there is a request for the development of international standards concerning certain aspects of its management. And one of the first may be the integration stakeholder management standard. Through project standardization, their gradual (adapted) implementation into the activities of stakeholders at different levels is possible.
Key words: Eurasian integration, stakeholders, governance, stakeholder, interests, influence, standard.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.014
K.V. SHUPLETSOVA Analyst of the expert analytical group, Center "State and Religion in Asia", Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
S.S. PISARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
JAPANESE VISION OF THE INDO-PACIFIC SPACE
This article discusses the evolution of views on how, according to Japan, the Indo-Pacific region should develop. Abe Shinzo first spoke about this concept, since then the concept of developing a “free and open Indo-Pacific region” has undergone some changes. Since 2017, the concept of the Indo-Pacific has entered the foreign policy lexicon of many powers. It is worth noting that the support of the United States caused enthusiasm in the political circles of Japan. At present, the FOIP concept is considered one of the most successful foreign policy decisions of the S. Abe administration. The current leadership of Kishida Fumio, when drawing up new points for the development of the concept, somewhat departs from the basic principles of the previous administration. This article analyzes the new concept of a "free and open Indo-Pacific region" in the period up to 2030, in which one can observe how the Japanese government seeks to focus on the socio-economic problems of countries that share and contribute to the development of this concept, namely food security, providing humanitarian assistance in cases of natural disasters and new epidemics, solving environmental problems, issues of sea routes, taking measures to strengthen maritime law in the region, developing human capital, etc. It is important to note that the official document showed the security agenda to a greater extent than before, however, it is still not dominant. Analyzing a new vision of the concept of development, we have the opportunity to determine the vector of Japan's movement in the context of the current "turning events" in the international arena.
Key words: Indo-Pacific, Shinzo Abe, Fumio Kishida, Japanese foreign policy, Japan.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.015
R.V. MONGE Applicant of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
LEGAL GROUNDS AND PARTICIPATION DYNAMICS OF THE TUVA REPUBLIC IN RUSSIAN FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
The article deals with the problem of participation of the Tuva Republic in Russia’s foreign economic relations. The research goal is to consider the legal foundations of international activity, as well as the dynamics of the subject’s participation in relations with the border regions of foreign countries. The institutional mechanism that ensures the coordination of international and foreign economic relations has not yet been sufficiently studied. At the same time, such a study is necessary for a deeper understanding of relations in the sphere of distribution of subjects of jurisdiction and powers.
The research methodology is based on the political and legal approach and includes the methods of the general scientific group (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction); as well as a number of special methods: a retrospective political and legal analysis, a statistical method. As materials for the analysis, official statistical data on the main macroeconomic indicators from the Tuva Republic, as well as the main documents of federal and regional legislation regulating foreign economic relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, were used. Based on the results of the study, the author came to the following conclusions: today it is necessary to expand the legislative framework in terms of regulating foreign economic relations of entities with border areas of foreign countries. The dynamics of foreign economic relations of the Tuva Republic is especially positive with the border areas of China and Mongolia, which is due to the successful economic infrastructure.
Key words: international relations, Tuva Republic, foreign economic relations, socio-economic development, border regions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.016
N.R. PAVLOV Postgraduate Student of the Faculty of International Relations St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
E.A. SLABOV Postgraduate Student of the Faculty of International Relations St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
COUNTERING NETWORK TERRORISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
The purpose of the study. The article examines the content and nature of the threat of international terrorism in the conditions of advanced development of communication technologies; describes the resource potential of social networks in activating and changing the nature of modern terrorist activity. The experience of countries and institutions in the fight against international network terrorism is analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize international experience, as well as to detail problematic issues and prospects for combating network terrorism.
Conclusions. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that the development of social networks has recently facilitated contacts between representatives of different countries, but at the same time led to the spread of extremist ideas around the world. The authors conclude that, taking into account the global trend towards the expansion and spread of social networks, this factor of the modern world should be analyzed in the context of ensuring international security.
Key word: terrorist content, global communication, security threat, counterterrorism, network terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.017
R.A. ALIEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Trade Representative of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Russian Federation, Head of the Commission on Sustainable Development of the UN RAS, Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 2nd Class, Moscow, Russia
N.A. CHERNYKH Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of International Complex Problems of Environmental Management and Ecology at MGIMO University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
DYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION IN THE NORTHERN CASPIAN SEA IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Under the conditions of increasing technogenic impact on the biosphere in the world more and more attention is paid to the sustainable development of society in harmony with the natural environment and the interests of current and future generations, in particular, the rational use and reproduction of natural resources, the prevention of the negative impact of economic and other activities on the environment and the elimination of its consequences. Within the framework of achieving Sustainable Development Goal [19], namely the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resources, the authors conducted a study of the dynamics of chemical pollution of the northern part of the Caspian Sea water area in order to obtain the possibility of further forecasting of the emerging environmental situation in the region. The main sources, scales and natural-climatic peculiarities of the introduction of priority pollutants into the marine environment were considered. On the basis of generalization and detailed analysis of materials on this problem it is shown that the growing exploitation of hydrocarbons, as well as the discharge of industrial and agricultural wastewater in the absence of an effective system of regulation has already led to unprecedented levels of chemical pollution of components of the marine ecosystem. Thus, the content of petroleum hydrocarbons and phenols in the waters of the Northern Caspian in recent years steadily exceeds the established maximum permissible levels.
Key words: Northern Caspian Sea, sustainable development, environmental situation, chemical pollution, phenols, petroleum hydrocarbons.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.018
U.M. KURONOV Republican Institute researcher Social and Spiritual Research at the Center for Spirituality and education, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
GLOBAL MANIFESTATION OF DESTRUCTIVE THREATS AND TOTALITARIAN SECTS
This article is devoted to understanding the theoretical and practical problems of improving and coordinating the activities of state and public organizations, on certain issues of protecting youth from destructive influences. It contains a theoretical analysis of the activities of destructive religious, cultural, extremist and terrorist movements, groups that negatively affect the stability, social, spiritual growth of the state, and defines the genesis, essence and content of the concepts of a destructive group, ideas, based on existing scientific theories.
Key words: destructive forces, societies, youth, national ideology, threat.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.019
A.M. PESOCHIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Social Processes and Youth Work, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL INTERACTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND SOUTH AFRICA: BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL FORMATS
The article examines the genesis and evolution of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of South Africa, which at the present stage are of particular importance for the Russian side against the backdrop of political transformations taking place in the world community, including attempts to limit Russia's participation in international processes. The purpose of the work is to identify internal and external factors, both bringing together and separating the two countries from each other. The event analysis of the content and circumstances of the official meetings of the Russian Federation and South Africa at the highest level made it possible to determine the potential of the «platforms» used for political interaction between the two countries, including the prospects for the development of BRICS diplomatic mechanisms and the establishment of ties between Eurasian and African integration structures. By discourse analysis of statements and interviews of representatives of the ruling elites of the Russian Federation and South Africa, the official positions of the two states regarding emerging conflict or disputes in specific regions or in relations with each other, which can either strengthen or weaken the intensity of Russian-South African political interaction, were revealed. In particular, for example, the events around the Arab Spring, which prompted South Africa to cooperate with the BRICS countries, or the Ukrainian crisis, which limits the implementation of certain formats of contact between the Russian Federation and South Africa.
Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of South Africa, BRICS, Russia-Africa Partnership Forum, national interests, dual diplomacy, Arab Spring, Ukrainian crisis.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.020
A.I. KUPALOV-YAROPOLK Master of the Department of Sociology, Faculty of International Journalism, MGIMO (u), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF FRENCH GUIANA IN THE XXI CENTURY: THE DARK REALITIES OF GLOBALIZATION
The purpose of the article is to familiarize Russian-speaking American researchers with the problems of the indigenous aboriginal population of the overseas department of French Guiana in the new millennium. Attention is paid to the most urgent and intractable issues of a socio-political nature. When writing the article, the author used sources and scientific literature in Russian, French and English.
Key words: French Guiana, Indians, politics, culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.96-2.8-2.021
LIU YING Master of Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
ENVIRONMENTAL NGO RESEARCH IN KAZAKHSTAN
With the growing trend of globalization of environmental problems, the limitations of intergovernmental environmental organizations in responding to global environmental crises are emphasized. Environmental NGOs play a more important role in the process of solving global environmental problems. The study of environmental NGOs in Kazakhstan is useful for understanding Kazakhstan's policy towards non-governmental organizations, Kazakhstan's environmental issues, the role of Kazakhstan's environmental NGOs and existing problems. This article presents the background, development history and representative environmental NGOs of Kazakhstan in order to understand environmental NGOs in Kazakhstan.
Key words: Kazakhstan, NGOs, environmental NGOs.