№ 5 (45), 2019
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 5 (45), 2019.
CONTENTS
THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLICY
- Boltenkova L.F., Alekhnovich S.O. "The Call of the Blood" or Political Interest (Bogdan Khmelnitsky’s Attitude to Moscow)
- Morozov I.L. Left Extremism in Modern Russia: Definition, Classification, Trends
- Tolochko A.V., Ivanova E.A., Balashov M.V. Problems of Formation and Functioning of Youth Organizations: Theoretical Aspect
- Lukyantsev A.S. Theory of Political Modernization: on the Formation of the Russian Research Paradigm
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
- Medvedev N.P., Slizovskiy D.E., Glebov V.A. Gorbachev – Yeltsin – Putin: Discussion Around Models of the Political Regime. What's Next?
- Lebedeva M.L. Authentic Technologies of the Organizational Model of French Regional Policy
- Tyan V.V. Development of Managerial Technologies in the Evolutionary Paradigm of Authority
- Antonov D.E. Information Support of Elections as Specific Activity of Subjects of Electoral Process
- Trifonov N.T., Kargina A.A. Lobby Activity of Non-Profit Organizations as a Tool of Civil Society in Solving Social Problems
- Karshiev B.E. Place and Role of Media Education in the Stability of Society
- Alexandrov A.R. Transformation of Municipal Policy when Discussing Urban Planning Documents (Using the Example of Tambov Region)
ETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND CONFLICTOLOGY
- Davydov V.N., King J.A., Ahmad I. World-System Analysis and Regional Conflicts
- Zhang Duo Influence of Foreign Policy Factors on the Internal Situation in Xinjiang-Uyhur Autonomous Region of China
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
- Grishin O.E., Avdeeva M.V., Kasems M.F. Energy Cooperation Between the US and the EU: Political and Economic Aspects
- Кurbonova Z.M. Tajik-Uzbek Relations in a New Aspect of the Geopolitical Dimension. Part I
- Shamarov P.V. Ensuring the National Security of Russia: the Essential Content and the Problem of Peacekeeping
- Vakilova V.R. Comparative Analysis of the State Policy of Russia and China in the Development of Intellectual Potential: New Challenges and Prospects for Cooperation
- Mamedly R.T. Japanese Policy in the Arctic and Relations with Russia
- Parez Yassin Hamad Iraqi Kurdistan and the USA: Search of the Optimum
- Vostrikov N.Yu. “Right Shade” of the Results of the 2019 Parliamentary Elections in Israel (Historical Identity)
- Getov P.V. National Security Strategy in the Framework of Cooperation Between the EU and Turkey
- Kouma Jean Cottin Anglophone Crisis: the Failed Cameroonian State?
STUDENT SCIENCE
- Ponomarev E.A. The Relations Between the National Government and Non-State Military Forces in Colombia: the Root Causes of the Impossibility of Peace and the Impact on Colombian Society
REVIEWS
Slizovskiy D.E., Medvedev N.P. Review of the article by E.A. Ponomarev “The Relations Between the National Government and Non-State Military Forces in Colombia: the Root Causes of the Impossibility of Peace and the Impact on Colombian Society”
THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLICY
L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, IPAM Ranepa under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
S.O. ALEKHNOVICH Ph.D. (philosophical science), Moscow, Russia
"THE CALL OF THE BLOOD" OR POLITICAL INTEREST (BOGDAN KHMELNITSKY’S ATTITUDE TO MOSCOW)
Analyzing the causes and development of the Cossacks’ war to liberate from Poland, the authors conclude that the head of the movement (struggle) Bogdan Khmelnitsky “was motivated by” political interest and not by the sense of consanguinity. Political interest encouraged him to contradictory and ambiguous actions in relation to Russia.
Key words: Bogdan Khmelnytsky, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Poland), “Russian land,” Orthodoxy, Cossacks, Zaporizhzhya Sich, Pereyaslavs'ka Rada, Moscow.
I.L. MOROZOV Volgograd Institute of Management – the branch of Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia
LEFT EXTREMISM IN MODERN RUSSIA: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, TRENDS
The article analyzes the protsess of increased activity of left-radical extremist groups in modern Russia. The author draws attention to the social protest actions that have unfolded in recent years and coincided with the growing demand for social justice in the mass consciousness of Russians. Modern left-extremist groups, according to the author, can be based on “orthodox authoritarian”, “new left” or “anarchy” ideological platforms. It is anarchism that will be dangerous as a form of radical youth protest. The only effective way to prevent left-wing extremism is a developed state social policy aimed at equalizing the level of income between the various strata of the economically active population, as well as helping low-income categories of citizens. Particular attention should be paid to the development of “social elevators”, which open up new prospects for Russian youth.
Key words: left extremism, terrorism, Marxism, anarchy, ideology, social justice.
A.V. TOLOCHKO candidate of political sciences, associate professor of philosophy, social sciences and journalism, “EGU of A.I. Bunin”, Yelets, Russia
E.A. IVANOVA Ph.D. in Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
M.V. BALASHOV Postgraduate Student, Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS: THEORETICAL ASPECT
The progressive development of modern society to a great extent is determined by the younger generation. Priori condition for the approval of a democratic system is the appropriate level of the organization of youth associations in the political system of society. World practice and domestic experience demonstrate that in country life, especially at turning points of her history, the leading part is played by young people. In the conditions of growth of social activity of youth it is necessary to pay more attention to this phenomenon. Universalism of youth is shown that it is included in different stratification layers – social and professional, territorial, political, family and household, etc.
Traditionally, the study of youth media is carried out in the sociological dimension, by monitoring its diverse challenges, both in the context of the whole society, and focusing on its individual segments. Today is quite topical political analysis of functional laws, the role and the specificity of social activity of youth, which is often combined in the form of a variety of organizations to implement their own or national initiatives. As much as possible to attract the energy and creativity of young people in modern processes of the state, creates better prospects for stable and dynamic development of the Russian society.
Key words: young people, youth organization, youth movement, socialization, social institutions.
A.S. LUKYANTSEV Postgraduate Student, Department of Philosophy and Political Science Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
THEORY OF POLITICAL MODERNIZATION: ON THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN RESEARCH PARADIGM
This article discusses the features of the formation of the modern research paradigm of modernization changes in Russia. Under close attention of the author are both Western and domestic concepts of political modernization. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in today's Russian research environment there is no common understanding of the potential of political modernization, as well as its refraction in practice.
Key words: political modernization, theory, political system, socio-economic development, strategy.
POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
D.Е. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.A. GLEBOV Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
GORBACHEV – YELTSIN – PUTIN: DISCUSSION AROUND MODELS OF THE POLITICAL REGIME. WHAT'S NEXT?
The present and future of Russia’s political development occupies an important place in the system of views of a wide variety of ideological and political forces and in the branched structure of the media at home and abroad. Objectively, the vision of Russia’s future of and the future of its political regime, on the one hand, inflames passions, and on the other, obscures the essence of the ideological and political discussions and debate s on this issue. There is a need to better understand the issue, since neither the expert community nor political scientists have one dominant and grounded understanding of the relations of the Russian public and political movement or political parties to the priority and valuable ideology or to the preferable technologies of the social and political development in Russia, the political tasks of the state, political parties, leaders or Russian civil society. The most characteristic indicator of the unfavorable situation with understanding of the future is only a reaction to the demands of society and its political opponents, the opposition forces, or heterogeneous in their interests the ruling elite. The article presents not the reflections of skeptics or optimists, but an attempt, based on the analysis of expert assessments of the current political discourse and dynamics of the country’s three models of political development under Mikhail Gorbachev, B.N. Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, to show the chronic and inevitable character of the future political system and political regime that will repeat the past historical events, episodes and actions. Let no one be surprised or amazed by the significance of the experience of Russia’s radical political and historical changes, or dependence of our actions and beliefs of that experience.
Key words: political development, political regime, the political regime of Mikhail Gorbachev, the political regime of B. N. Yeltsin, Putin's political regime, Russia's future.
M.L. LEBEDEVA PhD in politics, associate professor, Associate Professor at Political Science, Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia
AUTHENTIC TECHNOLOGIES OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF FRENCH REGIONAL POLICY
The purpose of writing the article is based on the theoretical understanding of the concepts of "regional policy", "model of regional policy", "policy analogy" to highlight the features of the organization of regional policy in France. The research topic is the content of the French policy of organizing a regional political space. The object of the research is the power technologies of regional policy.
The system-structural method, which considers political relations as an integral system of interconnections of phenomena and events of the political process, makes it possible to determine the main essential content of this research topic. Institutional approach involves the study of political institutions, their content.
An analysis of Russian and foreign sources suggests that the main problem question posed in the article is relevant at the present stage of development. The study is possible on the basis of a study of existing research. A comprehensive study of the conceptual theoretical characteristics of regional policy as such allowed the author to identify the model and features of the political toolkit for organizing relations “center-regions” of the modern French Republic.
Key words: regional policy, model, policy analogy, unitarism, federalism.
V.V. TYAN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Institute of Economics and Culture, Moscow, Russia
DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM OF AUTHORITY
The article deals with the development of managerial technologies in the paradigm of the evolution of power. One of the main functions of political power is the function of government. Consequently, the development of managerial technologies is relevant for the political authorities, who care about public trust, their rating.
Legitimate political power must strengthen its resource for extreme cases. Traditional management approaches are not effective. The development of technologies of all types of management: political, state, regional due to the choice of development strategy. Under the conditions of the Information Revolution and the new technological revolution, political power should create the conditions for the development of management technologies. The fate of technological development depends on the dynamics of power, its susceptibility to innovation. Innovative management problems cannot be solved without the participation of the authorities. The ability of the authorities to make changes, the dynamics of power is a factor in the development of management technologies.
The interaction of government and civil society to develop innovative management technologies that are important for sustainable government relations, federal relations is an important factor in the development of society. The movement of transparency and openness, based on information technology and high motivation of activity, is an evolutionary paradigm of public authority demanded by time.
Key words: power, state, innovation, informational, political, technology, managerial, federalism, evolutionary.
D.E. ANTONOV assistant professor, department of history and theory of politics, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ELECTIONS AS SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF SUBJECTS OF ELECTORAL PROCESS
The article analyzes the organizational and procedural features of information support of elections in the context of mediatization of the electoral process. The the purpose is to justify the need for political analysis of the category of informational support of the election. Mediatization of the political process and its subprocesses is not only about changing of the usual practices of the actors of the electoral process, but also allows them to use digital information technology where it was previously unavailable. In this regard, there is a need for further understanding and additions of the content of the category of information support of elections.
As a theoretical and methodological basis of the study, the author has chosen a neo-institutional approach, in which the electoral process is understood as a system of purposeful interactions of its participants on the organization and conduct of elections. The author proposes to understand the information support of elections as the activity of the subjects of the electoral process in the information space of the electoral process. In accordance with the chosen approach, the author consistently considers three specific tasks of the subjects of the electoral process, included in the category of information support of elections: the organization of information infrastructure, information and campaigning. The description of each of the tasks also requires an analysis of the actors of these activities.
The author comes to the conclusion that all actors of the electoral process participate in the information support of elections. Each of the actors implements its own information strategies that lead to the implementation of one or more tasks of information support of elections.
Key words: elections, electoral process, information support of elections, mediatization, political communication.
N.T. TRIFONOV Postgraduate Student, Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
A.A. KARGINA Specialist information and analytical work of the Center for Strategic Initiatives – Project Office, Tolyatti State University, Tolyatti, Russia
LOBBY ACTIVITY OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AS A TOOL OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS
The article analyzes the modern lobbying activities of non-profit organizations. The problems of lobbying activities are highlighted. The necessity of creating bills regulating lobbying activities in Russia has been demonstrated. It is shown that non-profit organizations are active in order to influence political decision-making. Identified the specifics of such activities. The state should take measures for the effective functioning of the lobbying mechanism. The research results complement the existing approaches to the study of this phenomenon.
Key words: lobbying activities, lobbying, non-profit organization, interest, society, disabled.
B.E. KARSHIEV senior lecturer at the Central Institute of advanced training of the public education employees named after A. Avloni, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
PLACE AND ROLE OF MEDIA EDUCATION IN THE STABILITY OF SOCIETY
The article deals with the development trends and problems of media education in Uzbekistan. He analyses features of development of the media-cultural education of youth. Special attention is paid to the role of media education in the sustainable development of modern society. On the basis of comparative analysis of media practices of the leading countries of the world the author examines the prospects of using media education for the formation of information literacy and media culture of the younger generation in the country.
Key words: media education, communication, information, societies, sustainable society.
А.R. ALEXANDROV PhD student, Tambov State Technical University, Deputy to Tambov City Duma, Tambov, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF MUNICIPAL POLICY WHEN DISCUSSING URBAN PLANNING DOCUMENTS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF TAMBOV REGION)
Issues of regulation of development of territories remain one of the most acute and topical issues in modern Russia affecting the rights and interests of a wide range of persons. Public discussions and public hearings of urban planning documentation are an important element of the system of legal guarantees that ensure the implementation and protection of legitimate interests of both the owners of objects and the population that may be affected in the process of urban development. Currently, there is a new system of discussion – the transition from face-to-face forms in the Internet space.
Key words: local government, public hearings, public hearings.
ETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND CONFLICTOLOGY
V.N. DAVYDOV Deputy Director of the contemporary politics Institute, PFUR, candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Moscow, Russia
J.A. KING Intern at the Department of political analysis and management, people's friendship University, Moscow, Russia
I. AHMAD postgraduate Department of political analysis and management of PFUR, Moscow, Russia
WORLD-SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS
The article deals with some key problems of relations between the world centers of power and the periphery. To which, as African history and modernity show, the political centers of successful civilizations transfer their own problems and difficulties: from harmful industries to unequal exchange of goods. Attempts of confrontation, «the outsiders of progress» expansion cause stiff opposition cores of civilization.
It seems to the authors that the world-system analysis of I. Wallerstein has a significant research potential to study and block the conflictogenic factors of the regional projection.
Key words: Africa, AFRICA, global problems, denuclearization, world centers of power, world system analysis, periphery, systemic crisis, disputed territories, regional conflicts.
ZHANG DUO post-graduate student of the branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Far Eastern Federal University» Ussuriysk, Russia
INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN POLICY FACTORS ON THE INTERNAL SITUATION IN XINJIANG-UYHUR AUTONOMOUS REGION OF CHINA
The article analyzes the processes of geopolitical influence on the People’s Republic of China in matters of security and stable development of the country by supporting the activities of terrorist organizations in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The author describes the current terrorist groups and associations, shows their relationship with other countries, indicates the causes of the emergence and negative consequences of their activities for China. In conclusion, the author notes the ways of dealing with these organizations at various levels of social interaction, used by the Chinese authorities.
Key words: terrorist organization, “three forces of evil”, geopolitical influence, international cooperation, “China's anti-terrorism program”, world community.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS
O.E. GRISHIN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
M.V. AVDEEVA student of Faculty of Humanities Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
M.F. KASEMS graduate student, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE US AND THE EU: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
The article discusses the current realities of energy cooperation between the United States and the European Union, which were caused both by the new EU energy strategy and by the protectionist economic policy of the US, which is particularly shown in the area of America’s interests on the European energy market. The prospects for the promotion of US liquefied natural gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) for the EU member states, as well as the pros and cons of such cooperation, will be particularly detailed. In the modern world, the economies of most states and their sovereignty depend on the availability of energy carriers. Countries that do not have at their disposal sufficient quantities of basic energy, such as oil and natural gas, are in a vulnerable position. The EU can be attributed to this category.
Key words: energy, energy cooperation, energy strategy, energy security, EU, USA, Nord Stream-2, LNG, sanctions, European energy market, pipeline gas.
Z.М. КURBONOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Institute of philosophy, political science and law named after A. Bahovaddinov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
TAJIK-UZBEK RELATIONS IN A NEW ASPECT OF THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION Part I
Today two countries open up tremendous opportunities for the full realization of the political, geopolitical, trade, economic and transport and communication potential of countries, and the intensification of cultural and humanitarian exchanges.
Key words: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, diplomatic relations, trade and economic relations, potential.
P.V. SHAMAROV Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor, Department Specialist, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ENSURING THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA: THE ESSENTIAL CONTENT AND THE PROBLEM OF PEACEKEEPING
The article examines the adopted domestic official and scientific approaches to the essential content of the concept of “ensuring the national security” and formulates the author’s definition that, under the provision of the national security of the Russian Federation, under modern geopolitical conditions, understands the complex and systematic implementation at the federal level of the whole list of possible measures ( including from the arsenal of international peacekeeping activities) aimed at neutralizing threats to national security and the country and the satisfaction of its national interests in the process of sovereign and independent development of the Russian state as a subject of international law.
It justifies the state need to clarify the entire list of structural elements of the current integrative system of ensuring national security of Russia, the development and adoption at the federal level of the concept of their future development in the interests of increasing the effectiveness of this system, including by including in its composition as a new promising element – the national peacekeeping activities at country, regional and international levels.
The dual nature of the international peacekeeping of the Russian Federation, which currently acts in the field of the national security of the country not only as a significant military-political element of its support system, but is also an integral part of the state’s military policy is argued. At the same time, unique features of the process of ensuring national security and protecting the state interests of modern Russia are determined and revealed, including due to the exclusivity of the domestic civilizational model, the geopolitical position of the country, its socio-historical and state identity.
Key words: national security, national security, national security system, element of the national security system, national interests, international peacekeeping activities.
V.R. VAKILOVA Postgraduate Student Institute of Philosophy, RAS, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE POLICY OF RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL: NEW CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION
Today, the development of intellectual potential is a priority direction of the state policy of each modern state. The level of welfare of the state depends on the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the policy: the cultural level of citizens, economic growth, strengthening of political power, the competitiveness of the country in the scientific market and the position in the international arena. In the presented article, on the example of the state policy of Russia and China, within the framework of the development of intellectual potential, the prospects of cooperation and strengthening of mutually beneficial cooperation between the countries are considered. Scientific activity is a public good that depends largely on funding. The desire to support the development of science, to create favorable conditions for research and innovation is a priority of the state policy of any developing state within the framework of the effective development of the intellectual environment. A key factor in the interaction between Russia and China is that both countries are purposefully moving towards comprehensive modernization, opening up broad prospects in the economic sphere. The increase in the number of budget places, the expansion of the interchange of research staff, students, graduate students, teachers (professional development Russian/Chinese languages as a factor of strengthening the friendly relations between States), the escalation of the professions (involving a wider circle of persons interested in education abroad for both countries), learning through cross-border education network (a network of universities; the use of the world wide web for distance education: courses in the chosen specialty/advanced training) – these factors are favorable both for the economy of the state and for the educational environment. Both countries are interested in continuing cooperation in the scientific sphere: the implementation of intellectual interchange, the introduction of commercialization of scientific and technical developments and the provision of high-quality innovative products to the international market. Based on this, it is clear that the prospect of partnerships in research activities between countries has high potential.
Key words: state policy, research activity, China, intellectual potential, competitiveness, cooperation, "country-follower".
R.Т. MAMEDLY PhD student at the Chair of applied analysis of international problems, MGIMO (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
JAPANESE POLICY IN THE ARCTIC AND RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA
The article discusses the evolution of the Japanese approach to the Arctic issues. The study focuses on Japan’s strategy in the Arctic, published in October 2015, and highlights the main directions of Japan’s policy in the region - scientific and economic. Further, Russian-Japanese cooperation in the development of the energy and transport potential of the Russian Arctic is analyzed.
Key words: Arctic, Japan, SMP, LNG, Russia, AZRF.
PAREZ YASSIN HAMAD PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
IRAQI KURDISTAN AND THE USA: SEARCH OF THE OPTIMUM
Article is devoted to the analysis of the relations between the USA and the Iraqi Kurdistan and their interaction within domestic, regional and global policy in a historical retrospective. The author analyzes policy of the USA for the Kurdish revolt and the competition between the USA and the Soviet Union during "Cold War". Within the research of the period which followed after the end of "Cold War", the author comes to a conclusion that the foreign policy of the USA was substantially concentrated on the Middle East and was directed to protection of its main interests. Kurdistan became an important part of strategy of the USA on preservation of hegemony and the interests in the Middle East. Also in article the relations of the USA and Kurds after invasion of the USA into Iraq and holding a referendum on independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan in 2017 are considered.
Key words: U.S.- Iraqi Kurdistan relations, ISIS, Middle East, The USA, Iraqi Kurdistan.
N.Yu. VOSTRIKOV Postgraduate Student, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
“RIGHT SHADE” OF THE RESULTS OF THE 2019 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ISRAEL (HISTORICAL IDENTITY)
The party system of modern Israel is a complex, dynamic, fast-growing conglomerate of many political parties that are still in a state of constant transformation, splits, the development of new ideological and political positions and platforms.
Key words: Israel, elections, political parties, Mapai, Likud, Netanyahu, Ganz.
P.V. GETOV PhD student of the Russian State Social University, Bulgaria
NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF COOPERTAION BETWEEN THE EU AND TURKEY
In 2015, the Republic of Turkey and the European Union (EU) signed an agreement (General agreement on the establishment of the framework of control and connectedness with the terms of the Mechanism of protection of the rights of refugees in Turkey), which was updated in 2018. The agreement was connected with fact that in the second decade of this century Europe began to accept hundreds of thousands of refugees as a result of conflicts in the Middle East that became a serious test for the EU political, social and economic systems. The test was caused by the military actions in Syria and other problem regions and by the different views on refugees and migration in individual EU member states. Undoubtedly, the flow of refugees has caused great tension inside the EU member states and between them, and the solution to the refugee problem was found in cooperation between Turkey and the EU.
Bulgaria depends on cooperation between Turkey and the EU at least for the following reasons: the border zone between Turkey and Bulgaria; Bulgaria is an external border of the EU and, at the same time, it is not yet included in the Schengen area; the risk that refugees entering or passing through the country bring security problems. For this reason, and despite the financial obligations it is believed that cooperation between Turkey and the EU regarding the flows of refugees has a positive impact on the security situation in our country. At the same time, it’s interesting how this agreement fits into The Strategy of National Security of Bulgaria.
Key words: refugees, integration, national security, illegal migration, risk for the national security, free movement, agreement, strategy.
KOUMA JEAN COTTIN PhD student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Cameroon, Yaoundé
ANGLOPHONE CRISIS: THE FAILED CAMEROONIAN STATE?
The decrepitude of the security situation in the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon seems to make Cameroon fell into the category of "failed states". This article aims to look at the management of the Anglophone crisis by the Cameroonian authorities, mobilizing the scientific discourse of the weak state. The analyses tend to show how the Cameroonian institutional system creates the reality of the weak state. While insecurity remains a significant context in the Northwest and South-west (NOSO) regions, the Cameroonian state has the right and obligation to carry out law enforcement and security operations. In this part of its territory to identify and arrest suspected criminals, seize illegal weapons and protect the population. To say that the Cameroonian state is not dead, it moults, keeping intact its interest in the governmentalization of the act safe. It is not ideologically bankrupt; it is the terms of ideology, and domination that have been transformed.
Key words: Failed state-Cameroon-security-Anglophone crisis-International community.
STUDENT SCIENCE
E.A. PONOMAREV bachelor of the RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND NON-STATE MILITARY FORCES IN COLOMBIA: THE ROOT CAUSES OF THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF PEACE AND THE IMPACT ON COLOMBIAN SOCIETY
In this article an attempt has been made to analyze, on the basis of a study of open sources, the nature of the established relations between the national government and non-state armed units in Colombia, as well as the impact of the guerilla issue on the Colombian society. The objectives of the work is to indicate the reasons why the civil peace in Colombia is not possible at the moment and to characterize the significance of the guerilla war for Colombian society in terms of various areas of its life activity: political, social, economic and cultural areas. The result of the study is the conclusion that at the present stage there are strong reasons for the impossibility of a long term peace between the national government and non-state military units, and the prospects for its establishment are not comforting either for reasons of domestic or international order. The stated arguments and conclusions allow, as it seems to us, to reformulate and modify the ideas about the problem prevailing in historiography.
Key words: Colombian national government; non-state military units in Colombia.
REVIEWS
REVIEW
of the article by E.A. Ponomarev “The Relations Between the National Government and Non-State Military Forces in Colombia: the Root Causes of the Impossibility of Peace and the Impact on Colombian Society”
Reviewers:
D.Е. Slizovskiy Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
N.P. Medvedev Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia