Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 3 (15), 2014
CONTENTS
PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA IS 55
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Karadzhe T.V. Political culture as a system: its content, structure and principles of operation
- Ochertyaniy A.A. Politology: how and what it Studies? (methodological aspects)
- Irkhin Yu.V. Political education and moral training in Tsarskoselsky lyceum
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
- Vostrikov S.P. Public-private partnership as intersectoral social partnership in education
- Rumyantzeva A.A. Cluster policy as the regional development strategy
PARLIAMENTARISM AND MODERN ELECTORAL PROCESS
- Nisnevich Yu.A. Political and legal analysis of parliamentary and presidential elections of the years 2011 and 2012. part VI. 2012 Presidential elections: confrontation
- Меdvedeva V.K. Russian elections in the context of the values of modern democracy
- Geleransky P.S. The electoral reform in the framework of the federal reform
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- Luzan A.A., Luzan S.A. The nature and content of politics and corruption in Ukraine and Russia
- Pryakhin V.F. Side by side towards polycentric world. China in the forеign policy of Russia
- Chmyreva V.A. Political prospects of Turkish integration into the EU in modern american historiography
- Kirchanov M.V. The intellectual backgrounds of Georgian Northern Caucasus politics in nationalistic journalism
- Pliev S.M. South Ossetia: the present and political prospects
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL of Professor Nikolay Pavlovich MEDVEDEV, Doctor of Political Sciences ETHNOPOLITICS, POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
T.V. KARADZHE D.Sc. (philosophy), Professor, Head of the Moscow State Pedagogical University’s Political Science and Sociology Department, Russia, Moscow
POLITICAL CULTURE AS A SYSTEM: ITS CONTENT, STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
In his article, the author explores the political culture, its structure and features of functioning. Considering culture as a system, the author not only explores its constituent elements, but also traces their structural relationship and their dialectic interaction.
Key words: culture, political culture, contents, structure, principles of functioning.
А.А. OCHERTYANIY PhD (history), Professor, Head of Department, Sevastopol City University for the Humanities, Russia, Sevastopol
POLITOLOGY: HOW AND WHAT IT STUDIES? (METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS)
Rapid development of political processes in contemporary society, their reflection and updating in the scientific literature and periodicals, necessitate greater attention of the scientific community, connected with the political science, to the methodological grounds of its development. The problem, in its concrete expression consists primarily in the fact that educational literature in political science, which brings its ideas to a wide range of readers and users, in the opinion of the author, is not properly based on the methodological grounds, which have place in modern science. The authors of many textbooks and manuals in varying degrees depart from the logical structure of science (object, subject, laws, categories, method, functions), and disclose the content of political science in a way that is quite complex and difficult to understand. The article raises the issue of the object and the subject of political science, discloses methodological foundations of their analysis, relations, search and interpretation. The article expresses a new vision of the object and the subject of politology, based on its basic categories, i.e. the notion of "politics". The article pays special attention to the justification of the systematic unity of the object and the subject of politology, without which the review and interpretation of these basic elements of the logical structure of the science loses its essential meaning. It proposes to consider the political culture of the society as the object of the science and its laws as its subject.
Key words: object, subject, policy, systems, whole and part, abstraction, methodological principles, science, politology, general science, political culture.
Yu.V. IRKHIN D.Sc. (philosophy), professor, Chair of Politology and Administration, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chair of Political Science, Russian State University of Humanities, Russia, Moscow
POLITICAL EDUCATION AND MORAL TRAINING IN TSARSKOSELSKY LYCEUM
The article analyses essence, basic features, peculiarities and directions of the political education and moral training in Tsarskoselsky Lyceum. Shown the role of professor Kunitsin in the teaching of political sciences.
Key words: political science, departments of moral and political sciences, Tsarskoselsky Lyceum, Moscow University, A.S. Pushkin, emperor Alexander I, M.M. Speranskiy, А.P. Kunitsin.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES
S.P. VOSTRIKOV Director of the State budgetary educational institution of secondary professional education Construction College No.30, Russia, Moscow
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS INTERSECTORAL SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP IN EDUCATION
During the formation of the knowledge-based society and development of innovation economy, significantly increases the value of education for the socio-economic development of the country. The role of educational sector in the modern society is determined by the fact that it builds competence, creates and distributes knowledge – the key resource of a modern society. The effective functioning of the educational system more and more determines the success of socio-economic development. In his article, the author analyzes the state-private partnership as intersectoral social partnership in education.
Key words: state-private partnership, education, policy, state, mechanisms of state-private partnership, socio-economic development.
А.А. RUMYANTZEVA Ph.D. (political science), Deputy Director on educational work of the State budgetary educational institution of secondary professional education Construction College No.30, Russia, Moscow
CLUSTER POLICY AS THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
It’s becoming a recognized fact that in the conditions of globalization for any country an important condition for the sustainability and economic independence is its internal organization, including the ability to quickly and accurately respond to changes in the internal and external conditions of individual regions and the country as a whole, to carry out rapid adaptation through the innovation policy. Thus, the requirements for a high level of organization of the local systems, as more mobile in comparison with the global system, rise significantly. This process raises sharply the question of the development and implementation of regional innovation policy and the formation of innovation climate in the region. In this article, the author considers the çluster policy as the regional development strategy.
Key words: cluster policy, strategy, regional strategy, policy, cluster, cluster initiative.
PARLIAMENTARISM AND MODERN ELECTORAL PROCESS
Yu.A. NISNEVICH D.Sc. (political science), Professor of Higher School of Economics, National Research University, and of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow
POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF THE YEARS 2011 AND 2012 PART VI. 2012 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: CONFRONTATION
This part of the research the author concludes the political and legal analysis of the presidential election of 2012. The scenario of these elections was determined by the announcement of the reshuffle of the presidential post by Medvedev and Putin, which caused a growth of protest moods and mass street protests that began since December 5, 2011 as a reaction to the falsification of the results of the parliamentary elections, called the protest “angry citizens”. The “vertical of power” acted as the “election machine” of candidate Putin and traditionally abused all types of administrative resources, in particular, organized rallies confronting “angry citizens”. Many of the protest-minded voters became observers at the polling stations on the election day of March 4, and although they actively opposed falsifications, but in general they could prevent mass falsifications, organized by the power “election machine”. The victory of the ruling regime in the 2011 parliamentary elections and 2012 presidential elections seems to be a Pyrrhic victory, because these elections have finally dispelled the myth of the long-term stability of the regime and have generated significant negative socio-political and economic implications.
Key words: elections, president, parliament, analysis, power, opposition, election campaign.
V.К. МЕDVEDEVA Ph.D. (political sciences), assistant professor, chair of political sciences, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Russia, Moscow
RUSSIAN ELECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE VALUES OF MODERN DEMOCRACY
In his article, the author analyzes the main issues related to the role of the institution of elections in the establishment of democracy and the institutions of representative democracy in post-Soviet Russia, as well as the problems of organizing and conducting free and fair elections.
Key words: representative democracy, institution of elections, secret vote, free elections, fair elections, competitive elections, electoral rights of citizens, the principles of democratic organization of elections.
P.S. GELERANSKY Ph.D. (political sciences), working for the doctorate degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Moscow
THE ELECTORAL REFORM IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE FEDERAL REFORM
Considering the elections as an essential component of federal relations, the author analyzes the electoral law. It is hold idea that the election - is the core mechanism of change and development of federal relations and the main form of political people's will in the region as a source of regional governments. Then it is a brief analysis of the regional elections transformation various stages in post-Soviet Russia, and assess their impact on the development of federative relations. The author examines in detail the regional elections as a factor shaping the regional political elite and seeks to identify trends of The Electoral Institute in Russia.
Key words: the Electoral Institute, the role of The Electoral Institute, federal relations, civil society and political system.
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
A.A. LUZAN Dr.Sc. (philosophy), professor, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Political Sciences, member of the Russian Academy of Political Science, head of the philosophy department, Donbass State Engineering Academy, Ukraine, Slavyansk
C.A. LUZAN PhD (sociology), Russia, Moscow
THE NATURE AND CONTENT OF POLITICS AND CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE AND RUSSIA
In antiquity, the government and political activity was considered as the highest self-sufficient form of uniting people and the highest activity aimed at public good. No legitimization of political power was needed, because the state did not need public recognition. Because of that, any form of government was legitimate. The problem of legitimacy of political power and democracy asserts itself in full voice in new time, when governments began to receive their mandate from people, in whatever way it is understood, when people who come to power are the same people as their voters. At the same time, the authorities are facing the need to justify their existence and their functions, as they have lost their implicit and supernatural origin. In their article, the authors analyze the nature and content of state policy of Russia and Ukraine, considering their transformation since the October revolution of 1917 to the present day. In addition, a certain place in the article is ascribed to the study of corruption in Ukraine and Russia.
Key words: politics, government, nature, evolution, society, corruption.
V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Club of Rome National Committee member, Russia, Moscow
SIDE BY SIDE TOWARDS POLYCENTRIC WORLD
China in the Forеign Policy of Russia
The emerging new political world order can not be imagined without Russia and China active participation in its construction. Both great powers clearly indicated the Eurasian priorities in their foreign political concepts. The 2014 events around Ukraine outlined specifically the Sino-Russian co-operation in building democratic polycentric world order. On one hand Barack Obama administration in an unprecedentedly clear manner claimed for the US leadership in the world political process. On the other hand Russia and China reconfirmed by tangible steps their opposition to any concepts of hegemony in contemporary world. It is important that the “geostrategic game” in the Russia – China – USA triangle develops with global challenges in the background which put under the question mark the very survival of the human kind. These challenges demand from the world political elite to change the geopolitical contest for constructive cooperation. The author presents some eventual scenarios of how could develop the relationship between actors in this triangle.
Key words: Russia, China, the USA, foreign policy, world order, globalization, global problems, Asian-Pacific region, Eastern territories of Russia.
V.A. CHMYREVA post-graduate studet at the Chair of Political Sciences of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow
POLITICAL PROSPECTS OF TURKISH INTEGRATION INTO THE EU IN MODERN AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
This article is the analysis of the main trends within US academic community concerning the prospects of Turkish integration into the EU. Despite there is a lack of consensus on the future role of Turkey as US and EU ally in the Middle East, along with Its general political development, the need to develop strategic relations with Turkey is recognized by most of American experts, as well as the use of “soft power” and non-public diplomacy in promoting Turkish European integration.
Key words: foreign policy, international relations, American historiography, political development, European Integration, Turkish European integration, European identity, Turkey, European Union (EU), USA.
M.V. KIRCHANOV D.Sc (history), assistant professor Chair of Regional Studies and foreign countries economies Voronezh State University, Russia, Voronezh
THE INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUNDS OF GEORGIAN NORTHERN CAUCASUS POLITICS IN NATIONALISTIC JOURNALISM
The author analyzes political trends in the context of development of the Northern Caucasus narratives in contemporary Georgian nationalism ideology and nationalistic imagination. The author presumes that Georgian nationalism has developed political tradition and develop as primarily civic movement. The defeat of the «United National Movement» assisted to transformation of Georgian nationalisms ideology. Political triumph of "Georgian Dream" became a triumph of moderate version of nationalism. The Northern Caucasian problems belong to the number of the most popular topics and subjects in the Georgian nationalist journalism. The actualization of the Northern Caucasus narratives in the context of polarization and fragmentation of the Georgian nationalism became a result of political debates related to the role of Georgia in the region and problems of Georgian-Russian relations.
Key words: Georgia, nationalism, identity, Northern Caucasus narratives, civic nationalism, nationalistic imagination.
S.М. PLIEV post-graduate studet at the Chair of Political Sciences of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow
SOUTH OSSETIA: THE PRESENT AND POLITICAL PROSPECTS
This article describes the current political and socio-economic situation in South Ossetia. It identifies problems and gives recommendations for their solution. The article discusses ways to a further political development and offers the most optimal of them.
Key words: South Ossetia, economy, policy, the present.
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF PEOPLES’ FRIENDSHIP UNIVERSITY OF RUSSIA
One of the main directions in the development of science in the socio-humanitarian sphere in the world is the creation of scientific schools which serve as a basis for the development of main directions of scientific research. In the last two decades, in the Russian Peoples' Friendship University researches in this field are carried out mainly in the framework of the departments and other structures of the faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. An important role in the creation of different areas of scientific activities in the socio-humanitarian sphere, which received international recognition in many universities around the world, belongs to Professor Nur Serikovich Kirabaev, doctor of philosophy, rector for science of the PFUR, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. One of such scientific schools of the PFUR, that we are presenting today on the pages of our magazine, is the scientific school of Nikolai Pavlovich Medvedev, Professor of the political science chair of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, President of the National Union of Political Scientists.
Editorial Board
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL
of Professor Nikolay Pavlovich MEDVEDEV, Doctor of Political Sciences
ETHNOPOLITICS, POLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
Professor Nikolai Pavlovich Medvedev, doctor of political sciences, began his research and pedagogical activities at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where he worked on his Ph.D. thesis on the topic of "The subject and functions of the national policy" under the supervision of Vladimir Petrovich Kazimierczuk, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, doctor of legal sciences. Thereafter, N.P. Medvedev defended his doctoral thesis on "Political consensus in the conditions of Russian federalism". Since 2000 up to the present time, N.P. Medvedev has been professor of the political science chair, faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University. He is one of the leading specialists and developers of a new scientific direction in the political science “Political Regionalistics and Ethnopolitics”.
The scientific school of N.P. Medvedev is operating from the beginning of 1990-ies. Basic researches, which defined the academic focus of the school, are connected with the study of problems of political regionalistics, ethnic politics, political consensus and ethno-political conflictology, as well as issues of federal relations and multi-level governance. In 1993, the first monograph by N.P. Medvedev “National Policy of Russia: from Unitary to a Federal System” was published in the framework of his scientific school. Since 2007, collections of scientific works "Works of Scientific School of Professor N.P. Medvedev" are published annually. Several research works have been completed in the framework of the NFPT grant and Aristotle project “Political education in the XXI century” (from 2003 to 2005), research project of the Institute of state and law of RAS Open Government (2005), and a competition run by the Ministry of regional development of Russia on the Implementation and Ratification by the Russian Federation to the European Charter of Regional Languages and Languages of National Minorities (2008-2009).
The following major scientific achievements and results have been obtained in the framework of the scientific school of N.P. Medvedev:
– evaluation of the influence of ethnic factors on the stability of the territorial and political system of the Russian Federation;
– development of proposals for a new concept of state national policy in post-Soviet Russia;
– development of a draft Federative Agreement (1992);
– development of recommendations on the concept of modern Russian federalism and a draft third chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation “Federal Structure” (1993);
– development of basic provisions of the general theory of political consensus and a draft Federal law “On the procedures to resolve differences and disputes between state bodies of the Russian Federation and bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation” (1997-1999);
– definition of the content and structure of a new scientific discipline “Political regionalistics” (2001-2005);
– definition of the main principles of implementation of regional policy in the conditions of an open state (2005);
– development of recommendations on the content and structure of a new scientific direction of ethno-political conflictology (2005-2008);
– analysis of consequences of the centralization of the Russian system of power and prospects of modernization of the modern model of Russian federalism.
The results of studies have been summarized and published by N.P. Medvedev in 8 books, 1 tutorial, 5 textbooks and over 150 scientific publications in the leading Russian and foreign periodicals in Russian, English, French and German.
By now, 22 books, 6 books and manuals and more than 10 training manuals have been published within the framework of the scientific school. Among them are several monographs by N.P. Medvedev: “Ethnic Conflicts and Political Stability” (1992), “National Policy of Russia: from Unitary to a Federal System” (1993), "National Self-determination or “Ethnic Cleansing”?” (1994),“Development of Federalism in Russia” (1995), “From Consensus to Stability: Political Ideology” (1997), “Political Consensus: Theory and Practice” (1999), “Political Institutions and Processes: Comparative Study” (2006), “Subjects of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of State and Legal Reforms” (2006 ), and “Russian Politics: from Centralization to Bureaucracy” (2010 ); a monograph by V.G. Кazakov “The Highest Official of the Subject of the Russian Federation in the Modern System of Political-Administrative Relations” (2005); a monograph by А.I. Yanchukov “The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of Multi-party System” (2005); a monograph by А.N. Оshkin “The Executive Power of the Constituent Entity of the Russian Federation: Problems of Legal Status” (2005); two monographs by Е.А. Kushtavkiva: “Ethno-political Conflicts as a Factor in the Reform of Federative Relations in Modern Russia” (2007) and “Ethnic Relations and Conflicts: Theory and Practice” (2010); a monograph by S.N. Garaev “Optimization of the System of Multi-level Governance in the Conditions of Russian Federalism” (2010); a monograph by E.М. Коlomeitsev “Ethno-political Process in the North Caucasus in the Context of Transformation of Federal Districts” (2011); a monograph by M.B. Bekbosynov “Russian Federalism: Dilemmas of Political Choice” (2011); a monograph by А.V. Ganicheva “Federal District as the Basis for a New Model of Russian Regional Policy” (2012); a monograph by G.V. Ketzyan “Ethno-linguistic Politics in the Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Russia, Ukraine” (2012); a monograph by P.S. Geleranskiy “Transformation of Regional Political Process in Russia in Terms of Political Reform” (2012); as well as a text-book by N.P. Medvedev “Political Regionalistics” (2002, 2005) and a tutorial by N.P. Medvedev and Е.А. Kushtavkiva “Ethno-political Conflictology” (2008).
In 2014, two more monographs were published as a part of publications by N.P. Medvedev’s scientific school in the MISiS Publishing House: one by N.P. Medvedev and D.V. Perkov “Post-Soviet Ethno-political Process: Language Policy Problems” (2014) and one by N.P. Medvedev and K.V. Nikolaev “Parliamentary-governmental Crises in Modern Russia” (2014).
As a part of academic work carried out under the scientific guidance of Professor N.P. Medvedev at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, the Institute of state and law of RAS, and Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin 3 persons defended their dissertations and became doctors of political sciences and 30 persons became candidates of sciences (Ph.D).
As a scientist and politician, N.P. Medvedev has repeatedly made presentations on the problems of ethnopolitics and political regionalistics in universities and parliamentary centers in Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, USA, Estonia, France, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Moldova and other countries.
The high academic level of the work done by Professor N.P. Medvedev and his disciples, as well as his reputation in Russia and abroad allow to assert that the scientific school of N.P. Medvedev has received public recognition.