№ 8 (108), 2024
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 8 (108), 2024
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Golovetsky N.Ya., Demetradze M.R., Rakitina P.E. Mary Baker's Christian Science as a Source of Formation of a Religious-Feminist Trend
Kargin E.A. Theoretical Foundations of Religio-Political Nexus in the Concepts of Civilization by J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin
Bulygin F.V. Traditional Values as a Component of the Political Culture of Modern Russia
DOMESTIC HISTORY
Volkov V.V., Astafyev N.V. S.Yu. Witte as an Ideologist of the Bourgeois Development of Russia
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Kabytkina I.B., Yashkova T.A. Mechanism of Personal Socialization and its Role in Patriotic Education of Students
Lenkov D.A. Use of the Potential of Civil Society Institutions of Modern Russia in the Implementation of State Policy on Preserving and Strengthening Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vyatkina E.O., Gladyshev D.Yu. The Armed Forces are the Mainstay and Guarantor of the Stability of Political Power and the Social System
Morozov I.L. Terrorism and other Forms of Non-State Politically Motivated Violence – the Problem of Demarcation by Tactical and Ideological Components
Lavrenchuk A.A. Interaction of Political Institutions to Ensure National Security
Pasternak S.V. On the Question of the Content of the Concept “Military Organization of the State”
Arabov B.I. Threat and Impact of Corruption on Society and State Security
Komar I.V., Makarov A.V. Mathematical Modeling of the Mobilization of Supporters During the Election Campaign
Mamaev E. Comparative Characteristics of Social Programs of Political Parties: CPRF, "New People", "Just Russia", LDPR
Saadulaeva P.I. Civil Control of Formation of Public Opinion in Politics on Internet Media Platforms
Statsenko I.M. Party Competition in Modern Democracy: General Characteristic Trends and Some Private Party Projects
Nurov B.A. Migration Factor in Tajikistan’s Participation in the Development of the Chinese Belt and Road Project
Pescherov Yu.G. International Cooperation in Environmental Safety and its Political Aspects
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Aliyev Sh.O. Features and Stages of Formation of Migration Policy in the Russian Federation
Pogorelskiy D.M. State Policy to Counter Ethnopolitical Extremism: Basic Principles and Directions of Implementation
Zhirnov P.L., Grigoryan D.K. On the Question of Anti-Russian Sanctions Policy
Chuvikin S.G., Pachina N.N. Approaches to the Study of Ensuring Public Safety by Executive Authorities
Umatov A.K. Features of the Development of Effective Public Administration in the New Uzbekistan
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Mikhaylenko A.N. Private Military and Security Companies in the Modern World
Ruban L.S. The Migration Crisis in the Global World and its Consequences the Consequences
Dubrovina O.V., Bykov I.A. Soft Power and Branding: Methods and Opportunities
Skvortsov Ya.L., Kazaryan G.I., Kurilkina E.A. Hybrid Warfare: NATO's Information Strategies and Challenges for Russia
Ramich M.S. Methodology of Analysis of Global Competition USA and China
Kim Juyeong. Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea on the Development of the Arctic Region
Kochetkov A.P. On the Strategy of Ensuring Russia's Geopolitical Security in the Face of Confrontation with the Collective West
Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part II)
Grigorian S.S. The Interests of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Syrian Conflict
Lapshakov G.S. Historical Policy of Japan During the Meiji Period: an Example of Banknotes Issued in 1873
Danelyan T.O. History of the Study of US Foreign Policy at the Beginning of the XXI Century: Russian School
Semenov N.S. About the Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Aspects of the Implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative in the Post-Covid Era
Turganbek Nazym. Climate Cooperation and Low-Carbon Development in Eurasian Economic Union
Zhou Yanan. China's Fortign Policy in Central Asia Countries in TR 21st Century: a Survey of Main Scientific Research Works
Sibirkin P.D., Medvedko S.L. The Impact of the US Presence in Afghanistan on the Security of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2001 to 2021
SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS
Medvedev N.P. International Conflicts and Multipolarity of the World Order
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.001
N.YА. GOLOVETSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Krasnogorsk Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
M.R. DEMETRADZE Principal Researcher, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, University of World Civilization, Moscow, Russia
P.E. RAKITINA Student, Faculty of Economics and Management; Krasnogorsk branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Krasnogorsk, Russia
MARY BAKER'S CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF A RELIGIOUS-FEMINIST TREND
The work is dedicated to the activities of the American creator of Christian Science, Mary Baker. The topic is quite original, but at the same time little studied in domestic science. First of all, the essence of her innovation aroused interest, since religion is not considered a science, while its role is not disputed. And indeed, the history of mankind shows that there can be peoples without a homeland, but there are no people without religion. Therefore, Eddie's Christian Science theme will always be at the center of attention across generations and nations. The objective of the work is to identify the essence of Christian science and the methods on which it relies, as well as to clarify the question of which direction of creationism it belongs to. During the study, we did not identify any scientific methods, but at the same time, strengthening the role of women's feminism and the equality of its participation in the practice of religious activity is an indisputable fact. Today, Mary Baker has followers, however, they cannot repeat the effect that she had in her practice. The phenomenon of her treatment remains secret, which arouses interest in her personality. The work uses a sociocultural methodology of interdisciplinarity, which is revealed on the basis of cultural, legal, social anthropology, revealing the religious approaches of Christian Science Mary Baker. The work is of interest to cultural scientists, political scientists, social anthropologists, religious scholars and all those interested in this topic. Addie was the author of numerous books and articles that had a significant impact on American culture and thinking. Christian Science became one of the largest new religious movements in American history. Eddie's teachings on the power of the mind and spiritual healing challenged traditional ideas about religion and medicine.
Key words: christian science, Christian feminism, creationism, evolutionism, Mary Baker, Christian, magnetism, happiness hormones, DUF120, Holy Spirit.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.002
E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RELIGIO-POLITICAL NEXUS IN THE CONCEPTS OF CIVILIZATION BY J. ARNASON AND A.S. PANARIN
The article compares the notions of religio-political nexus in the works of J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin. This is an attempt to include the works of the Russian thinker in the context of modern civilizational analysis, for which the relationship between religion and politics is a key theme. The author identifies common and special points with the help of logical and comparative analysis of the most relevant works of the two scholars. J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin have different theoretical backgrounds, but pay attention to similar problems and have a number of similar provisions. A.S. Panarin did not work directly with the concept of “civilizational dimension of societies”, but paid attention to the changes of the “axial age”, which gave rise to the problem of religio-political nexus, “great” and “little” traditions, orthodoxy and heterodoxy. Both authors consider the forms of interrelation between religion and politics as distinctive features of civilizations, which expands the field for comparative studies. The authors see this interrelation as relevant in the conditions of modernity, which allows them to expand the field of comparative research to modern societies. A.S. Panarin noted economic power in addition to spiritual and political power. Nevertheless, the scholar attached crucial importance to the relationship between the first two in the case of “axial” civilizations. In comparative studies J. Arnason focuses on different variations of sacralization of power, while A.S. Panarin identified the correlation of ethics inherent in each type of power in different civilizational contexts. Also, A.S. Panarin paid much more attention to the study of the areal of Eastern Christianity.
Key words: civilizational analysis, “axial age”, religio-political nexus, spiritual and political power, sacral rulership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.003
F.V. BULYGIN PhD student of the Chair of Political Science of Moscow State Pedagogical Unuversity, Moscow, Russia
TRADITIONAL VALUES AS A COMPONENT OF THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF MODERN RUSSIA
The author, exploring the problems of forming a new value-targeted model, as one of the components of the modernization of Russian society, came to the following conclusion. In recent years, the Russian Federation has been under tremendous pressure from various supranational structures that adhere to the liberal paradigm of the development of society and broadcast their narratives to most of the world population.
In this regard, a window of opportunity opens for Russia to modernize the approach to education and education, as well as lay the basis for forming a roadmap for the implementation of the foundations indicated in legislative and by-laws that take into account spiritual and moral principles and take into account traditional values, the origins of which are in conservative political thought opposing the Western liberal standard.
Key words: Russia, traditional values, national security, political ideology, spiritual and moral attitudes, society.
DOMESTIC HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.004
V.V. VOLKOV Doctor of Economics, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Disciplines of the Military Institute (Railway Troops and Military Communications) of the Military Academy of Logistics and Technical Support named after. A.V. Khruleva, Saint Petersburg, Russia
N.V. ASTAFYEV Independent expert, cadet of the Military Institute (Railway Troops and Military Communications) of the Military Academy of Logistics named after A.V. Khrulev, St. Petersburg, Russia
S.Yu. WITTE AS AN IDEOLOGIST OF THE BOURGEOIS DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA
The article examines the ideological concept of S.Yu. Witte, which was an organic link in the chain of development of the state ideology of bourgeois modernization of Russia. This model can be characterized as a system of liberal nationalism, in which such liberal values as freedom, private property, market relations, law, constitutional representation and self-government are realized through the mechanisms of industrial nationalism. S.Yu. Witte's program was oriented toward accelerated development, which, in turn, inevitably led to significant intersectoral gaps between agriculture and industry, as well as between the economy and the political sphere. All this was expressed in the political struggle of S. Yu. Witte against representatives of landowner circles. During the period of growing revolutionary situation, the measures that the government of S.Yu. Witte took to form favorable public opinion in support of the government with the help of the official press did not bring significant results.
Key words: S.Yu. Witte, state ideology of bourgeois modernization of Russia.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.005
I.B. KABYTKINA Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of General Education Disciplines Russian state university of justice, Moscow, Russia
T.A. YASHKOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor at the Department of Philosophy and Sociology Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
MECHANISM OF PERSONAL SOCIALIZATION AND ITS ROLE IN PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF STUDENTS
The article is devoted to the problem of the functioning of the mechanism of socialization of personality and its role in the patriotic education of students. The concept of patriotism is considered and its place in the system of spiritual and moral values in modern Russia is determined. The theoretical foundations of the mechanism of personality socialization, its main structural elements and conditions of implementation are analyzed. Practical recommendations aimed at improving this mechanism are formulated. The authors conclude that the position of a true patriot is formed in the process of the complex impact of the mechanism of socialization of personality, in which educational and educational means, methods and techniques play an important role.
Key words: patriotism, the mechanism of socialization of personality, spiritual values, identity, education, students, citizen.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.006
D.A. LENKOV Deputy Director of the Center for Scientific and Methodological Support of State Cultural Policy and Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation”, Moscow, Russia
USE OF THE POTENTIAL OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS OF MODERN RUSSIA IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY ON PRESERVING AND STRENGTHENING TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES
This article is devoted to the participation of civil society institutions in the implementation of state policy on preserving and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, determining the main areas of activity, as well as assessing the place and role of public institutions in the process of preserving and strengthening traditional spiritual and moral values. The relevance and necessity of forming a unique, domestic model of civil society, as well as the diversity of forms of joint work of the authorities and civil society in solving one of the main tasks of the Russian political system - ensuring the free harmonious development of the individual, providing each citizen with opportunities for creative development and self-realization based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values are considered.
Key words: preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, civil society institutions, culture, socially oriented non-profit organizations.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.007
E.O. VYATKINA Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation", Deputy Director for Academic and Methodological Work of the Institute of Open Education, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Moscow, Russia
D.YU. GLADYSHEV Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation" student of the Institute of Open Education, Moscow, Russia
THE ARMED FORCES ARE THE MAINSTAY AND GUARANTOR OF THE STABILITY OF POLITICAL POWER AND THE SOCIAL SYSTEM
Within the framework of this article, the armed forces and their importance in state and political power and ensuring the stability of public life are considered. The relevance of the research comes from the need for a comprehensive study of the practical aspects of the interaction of the system of political power and the armed forces, which are at the center of political relations. Not being an independent subject of interaction, the army acts as a specific social institution on which political power constantly relies. The armed forces and the government, both state and political, are in unity, since the functioning of the armed forces is impossible without leadership from the authorities, and the exercise of authority is not possible without a law enforcement institution. The history of ancient times shows that numerous wars are perceived by society as a natural and necessary process that changes the social system.
Key words: government, political power, political conflicts, army, armed forces, social system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.008
I.L. MOROZOV Member of the expert council on countering the ideology of terrorism under the anti-terrorism commission in the Volgograd region, Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia
TERRORISM AND OTHER FORMS OF NON-STATE POLITICALLY MOTIVATED VIOLENCE – THE PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION BY TACTICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS
Having entered the stage of activation, the international terrorism is currently one of the most urgent threats to the security of an individual, society and the state in any position of the nation, which poses a scientific problem of determining the measure of counteraction to it. Terrorism is the most aggressive, but unpredictable socially dangerous phenomenon. The objective of the article is to determine the tactical and ideological tendencies of modern terrorism, allowing to distinguish it from such categories as extremism, radicalism, insurgent people's liberation movements – for the development of more targeted programs with it. The methodological basis of the study is a systems approach to the assessment of the phenomena under study, structural and functional analysis of modern terrorist activity as additional elements of tactical and ideological nature, linguistic and semantic analysis of empirical materials. The author comes to the conclusion that among the characteristic features of terrorist ideology, popular among other radical views, the image of the enemy, readiness for unlimited human sacrifices, refusal of any forms of compromise with political competitors, understanding of victory over the world is reduced to a gradual military fighter, but at the same time terrorists have no clarity about the future world order, eclecticism and logical inconsistency in political views are dominant. The author notes that in order to counter the terrorist threat in Russia, a national idea is needed that can fill the ideological vacuum, the framework of which can be such components as Eurasianism, patriotism, traditionalism. However, the affirmation of a generally accepted economic idea in the public plan is impossible without solving urgent problems of a more general kind – a socio-economic order based on nihilism, passive paternalism, characteristic of a significant part of Russian society.
Key words: terrorism, extremism, radicalism, sabotage, insurgent movement, national liberation struggle, ideology, national security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.009
A.A. LAVRENCHUK Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INTERACTION OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS TO ENSURE NATIONAL SECURITY
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of ensuring national security in the course of interaction of various kinds of political institutions. The analysis of the features of the content and evolution of the concepts of «political institution» and «national security» in the light of Western and domestic historical experience is carried out. The actual aspects of the study of the designated topic in Russian and foreign science in the context of the crisis of the existing system of international relations and its broad transformation are revealed. It is concluded that through the consolidation of state and civil bodies, political parties and social movements, favorable internal and external conditions are created for the realization of the national interests and strategic priorities of the Russian Federation, expressed in achieving a decent quality and standard of living of its citizens, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity, sustainable socio-economic development of the country.
Key words: national security, Russia, political institutions, XX century, XXI century, state, political parties, social movements.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.010
S.V. PASTERNAK Chief Specialist, Center for Countering the Ideology of Terrorism and Prevention of Deviant Behavior in Education, Sevastopol, Russia
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT “MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE”
The article is devoted to the topic of the content of the concept “military organization of the state”. The study of the phenomenon of “military organization of the state” is a relevant topic in the context of the modern world, where geopolitical factors and military conflicts have a significant impact on the course of historical events.
Governance during wartime is a complex task that requires institutions to be flexible, efficient, and able to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. The high efficiency of government structures in these conditions plays a decisive role in ensuring national security and ensuring the well-being of citizens. In light of modern challenges and threats, the study of the military organization of a state becomes extremely important for understanding and ensuring stability on a global scale.
The transition from the peaceful organization of the state to the military organization of the state involves a set of state and military control bodies, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies created in wartime, special formations that form its basis and carry out their activities by military methods, and defense- industrial complex of the country, whose joint activities are aimed at preparing for armed defense and armed defense of the Russian Federation.
Key words: war, military conflict, military doctrine, armed conflict, military organization of the state, public administration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.011
B.I. ARABOV First Vice-Rector for Youth Affairs and Spiritual and Educational Issues, Oriental University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
THREAT AND IMPACT OF CORRUPTION ON SOCIETY AND STATE SECURITY
Corruption has a negative impact on all major institutions of the state. Systemic corruption undermines the authority, trust and support of democratic institutions and laws. Scientific approaches are presented that corruption is a dangerous factor that has a negative impact on the development of any state and society, a complex socio-political and economic phenomenon that threatens all countries, and that any manifestation of this negative situation puts society on the brink. destruction. The influence of corruption on the state in the economic, legal, institutional and social spheres is analyzed, as well as the fact that as a result of corruption, the international authority and prestige of the state was seriously damaged, and as a result, the implementation of a number of planned investment projects was also hampered.
Key words: corruption, political decision, public decisions, democratic culture, democratic laws, social behavior, moral values, governance system, national security, violence, political extremism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.012
I.V. KOMAR Specialist of the Information Technology Center of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
A.V. MAKAROV Administrator of the program «Internal Policy and Leadership» of the Faculty of Public and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE MOBILIZATION OF SUPPORTERS DURING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN
Mobilizing supporters is one of the most important technologies of any election campaign. The election results largely depend on how effectively a candidate will be able to attract and activate his supporters. In the context of ever-increasing political competition and a saturated information environment, the ability to organize and mobilize voters is becoming a key factor in winning the election race.
In this paper, the technology of mobilization during the election campaign is considered, as well as its addition through a predictive model.
Key words: internal politics, voter mobilization, modeling.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.013
E. MAMAEV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROGRAMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES: CPRF, "NEW PEOPLE", "JUST RUSSIA", LDPR
The article provides an analysis of the solution to the social issue in the programs of Russian parliamentary political parties. A comparison of pre-election social programs (2021) was made and it was concluded that not all parties in power have a social program. An analysis of the content of the election programs of the parties “United Russia”, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, “A Just Russia”, and “New People” was carried out. The most substantive is the program of the United Russia party, the second most substantive is the program of the new parliamentary party “New People”. When comparing the solution to the issue of pensions by parliamentary parties, it was revealed that specific proposals are also available in the programs of the two parties “United Russia” and “New People”. The LDPR program does not have a social section or specific proposals. The largest social program was recorded by the A Just Russia party, but just like the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the A Just Russia party proposed proposals for solutions to pensions and social policy in general, divorced from reality. A conclusion is drawn about the important role of social policy programs for the political future of parties and the need to adjust the program in accordance with the needs of society and socio-economic and political realities.
Key words: social programs, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, “A Just Russia”, “United Russia”, “New People”, pensions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.014
P.I. SAADULAEVA Postgraduate student, Department of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
CIVIL CONTROL OF FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION IN POLITICS ON INTERNET MEDIA PLATFORMS
The purpose of the article is to analyze the need for civil control in the field of public opinion formation regarding political processes on Internet media platforms. The study used such methods as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, deduction. The results of the study show that today the diversity, versatility and objectivity of the information broadcast are of the greatest importance for society. This necessitates civil control over what kind of opinion the media forms among the public regarding ongoing political processes, which will not allow manipulating public opinion and will contribute to the truthful and unbiased transmission of information by Internet media. The conclusions are that in recent years, citizens have begun to pay more attention to attempts by online media to form a certain opinion on pressing issues, but as a rule, such citizens are famous people or opinion leaders. Thanks to them, we can say that a certain basis for civil control in the area under consideration has already been formed in our country, although it is still far from perfect. At the same time, it is noted that such a system can only be effective if it is actively supported by the general public. The higher the level of civil activity demonstrated by citizens of the country, the fewer opportunities the authorities, the media and political actors will have to manipulate public opinion.
Key words: public opinion, politics, political processes, online media, civil control.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.015
I.M. STATSENKO Graduate student of the Institute of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel of the Pyatigorsk State University, specialty Political institutions, processes, technologies; deputy of the Duma of the resort city of Zheleznovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Russia
PARTY COMPETITION IN MODERN DEMOCRACY: GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC TRENDS AND SOME PRIVATE PARTY PROJECTS
The article contains a political analysis of political and party competition in modern democracy, which creates the best conditions for the competition of parties, and which at the same time is a product of political and party competition. Based on a combination of actionist and structural approaches to competition in the context of the democratic process, common characteristic essential and process trends of competition, as well as factors that stimulate it in modern conditions, are identified. The actionism of the all-Russian parliamentary party “New People”, which increased its position in the presidential elections of March 2024, is being investigated as private competitive practices. The specific meaning of programs and activities of the party as the implementation of responsible public policy in the general space of party competition in the modern Russian Federation is summarized.
Key words: democracy, party, party competition, multiplication of competitive resources, “New People” party, social projects, responsible politics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.016
B.A. NUROV Applicant, Department of Demographic and Migration Policy, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia
MIGRATION FACTOR IN TAJIKISTAN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE BELT AND ROAD PROJECT
This article examines the cooperation between China and Tajikistan, considering different variables, including the participation of Dushanbe in Belt and Road Initiative as well as the migration factor. The article analyses how Tajikistan can profit from Belt and Road initiatives, stating that the profits are both economical and political. China can provide security for Tajikistan and also give stimulus for domestic reforms, though it can be seen as the violation of the Tajik sovereignty. The article dives into the issue of migration, revealing that much of the workforce goes to the neighboring Russia and Kazakhstan, making it harder for Tajikistan to develop the Chinese projects, as it lacks proper amount of the workforce. Thus the article concludes that it is better for Tajikistan to reform its migration system and curb the migration flows, focusing instead on developing the Belt and Road Initiative projects and strengthening its positions in the region, both politically and economically.
Key words: Tajikistan, China, politics, economics, migration, Belt and Road Initiative, cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.017
YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND ITS POLITICAL ASPECTS
The article examines international interaction in the field of environmental security taking into account its political component. Different countries’ strategies and approaches to environmental protection are examined in detail, with a particular focus on the Arctic as a region where environmental risks are closely intertwined with geopolitical interests. Economic mechanisms of environmental regulation are studied, including environmental risk insurance, environmental taxes and fees, and environmental certification systems. An analysis of the role of international organizations, particularly the Arctic Council, in addressing global environmental challenges and coordinating the efforts of different countries was carried out. Attention is emphasized on the environmental challenges associated with military-industrial complex facilities, access to which to carry out environmental monitoring is often limited. Critical environmental issues are addressed, including problems of water pollution and degradation of natural landscapes. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the ineffectiveness of existing approaches to reclamation of degraded lands. Prospects for international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development are identified, highlighting the need to form national strategies for environmentally safe production processes. Differences in the approaches of the Arctic countries to environmental security issues were identified, which found reflection in the national doctrines and strategies of the states of the region. The lack of a unified definition of Arctic environmental security is noted, which creates obstacles to forming a coherent policy in this area. The political aspects of international environmental cooperation are examined, including the use of environmental issues as an instrument of political influence. Issues of climate change adaptation and their impact on the ecological security of the Arctic region are studied. Innovative approaches to environmental monitoring are presented, including the use of satellite technology and artificial intelligence to assess environmental risks. The importance of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic in maintaining the ecological balance of the region and the need for the active involvement of representatives of indigenous communities in the development of environmental security strategies were identified.
Key words: Environmental safety, international cooperation, Arctic, sustainable development, environmental regulation, global environmental issues.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.018
SH.O. ALIYEV Postgraduate student of the Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Moscow, Russia
FEATURES AND STAGES OF FORMATION OF MIGRATION POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of the formation of migration policy in the Russian Federation and the stages of its development. Methods: analysis, generalization, formalization, specification. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the modern migration policy of the Russian Federation was formed under the influence of historical prerequisites, in particular such as the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of new borders on the territory of the country, which was previously united, as well as the aggravation of various conflicts. In addition, three main stages of the formation of migration policy in Russia were identified. Conclusions: the current stage of development of domestic migration policy is characterized by the fact that the state has taken a course on modernization of the economy, in connection with which priority is paid to attracting highly qualified workers. In addition, for the first time, attention began to be focused on such an aspect as the need to adapt and integrate migrants.
Key words: migration, migration policy, formation of migration policy, migration processes, labor migration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.019
D.M. POGORELSKIY Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia
STATE POLICY TO COUNTER ETHNOPOLITICAL EXTREMISM: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION
In the context of global turbulence and socio-economic challenges, the number of threats to national security and internal stability of Russian society has increased. The article examines the state policy of countering ethnopolitical extremism, which is a threat to interethnic harmony and the stability of ethno-confessional relations. Based on an analysis of the current legislation, the author notes that Russia has formed its own political and legal approach to countering extremist manifestations, including those of an ethnopolitical nature. This approach emphasizes the protection of state sovereignty and public security, which influences all areas of public policy. The author pays special attention to the status of entities implementing state policy, after which proposes to expand the list of entities and to include civic institutions and individuals.
Key words: ethnopolitical extremism, radicalism, state policy, ethnic policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.020
P.L. ZHIRNOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Management and Psychology Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
ON THE QUESTION OF ANTI-RUSSIAN SANCTIONS POLICY
The article analyzes the anti-Russian sanctions policy that has been observed since 2014, as well as the sanctions policy in connection with the special operation in Ukraine. The theoretical component of the definition of sanctions is also considered in detail. The articles study the countries that have applied sanctions packages against Russia. In conclusion, the consequences of the sanctions imposed are considered, as well as steps to strengthen the financial and economic position of the Russian Federation on the world stage and domestic markets.
Key words: sanctions, types of sanctions, international legal sanctions, EU sanctions, EU sanctions packages, US sanctions package, consequences, methods of counter-sanctions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.021
S.G. CHUVIKIN Postgraduate student, Department of Sociology, Lipetsk State Technical University; Head of the Anti-Terrorist Security Department, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, Russia
N.N. PACHINA Doctor psycho. sciences, professor, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, Russia
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY BY EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES
The purpose of the article is to consider the main scientific approaches to the study of public safety by executive authorities.
Theoretical analysis of scientific literature, descriptive, comparative methods and the method of comparative analysis were used in the study of systemic, integrative and political-legal approaches.
The analysis of the activities of both law enforcement and civil executive authorities ensuring public order and public safety is carried out; the basic principles of a systematic approach to the study of public safety by executive authorities within the framework of the political process are identified; the basic principles of an integrative approach to the study of public safety by executive authorities within the framework of the political process are investigated; the main political and legal determinants for the study of ensuring public security by executive authorities within the framework of the political process are identified; to consider the priority directions of state policy in the field of public security carried out by executive authorities.
The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the following elements were identified and analyzed in the structure of public security: subject, object, "anti-object", objective side and subjective side.
The materials and conclusions of the study can be used as methodological developments used in the preparation of curricula, in the process of teaching a course in the theory of law and the state, especially in sections devoted to executive authorities.
Key words: systemic approach, integrative approach, political and legal approach, executive authorities, public safety.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.022
A.K. UMATOV Independent researcher Institute of Social and Spiritual Research Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN
The article discusses the issues of new approaches to improving the public administration system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, trends used in the public administration system in the experience of foreign countries, unique models that can lead to positive results in this area, the experience of advanced foreign countries, improving the public administration system.
Key words: public administration, authorities, reform, civil society, effectiveness of reforms, concept, experience.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.023
A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, chairman, International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES IN THE MODERN WORLD
In the context of emergence of a new world order, the international situation is aggravating. This leads to an increasing need for security at global, regional and national levels. An effective tool in this regard can be private military and security companies that operate in complex conditions, including in zones of armed conflicts. Foreign experience shows that, with proper organization of their activities, PMSCs may contribute to the realization of a state’s national interests. It would be advisable for Russia to legislatively regulate the status of private military and security companies, as well as to participate in the development of the specialized international organization ICoCA, which is in need of reform.
Key words: new world order, private military and security company, zone of armed conflicts, soft and hard legal regulation, strictly governmental functions, PMC «Wagner», ICoCA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.025
L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head Researcher of Institute of the Socio-Political Researche of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
THE MIGRATION CRISIS IN THE GLOBAL WORLD AND ITS CONSEQUENCES THE CONSEQUENCES
The author of the article analyzes in detail the migration situation in the modern global world, both in quantitative structure and in the directions of its flows and receiving parties, examines the causes of the exodus of the population from one country to another, taking into account historical and socio-economic reasons, security problems, risks and threats, and the emergence of military and armed conflicts and their resolution, going through a post-conflict situation and restoring peaceful life. The author undertakes this analysis in comparison with the situation that developed 30 years ago in 1993. Comparative studies is used for analysis – a method of comparative analysis, historicism, content analysis of published scientific and official statistical materials and publications in the media. The methodology of this research work is a systematic approach that allows for a comprehensive study of the current migration problem, taking into account all existing factors and nuances. The events of a long time period (over thirty years) from 1993 to 2023 are considered in chronological order, highlighting the largest migration flows on various continents (African, European, Asian and American). It also examines how the influx of migrants affects the development of the Russian Federation, how it can be optimized to improve its impact on our country, and how it is possible to make the adaptation of migrants in Russia more comfortable and faster, taking into account the realization of all civil rights of migrants and refugees and their family members, and the influence of migrant workers more productive and positively influencing to our production sector, taking into account its needs, goals and objectives.
Key words: Refugees, migrants, Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) The United Nations, the International Organization for Migration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.031
O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
I.A. BYKOV Postgraduate student of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
SOFT POWER AND BRANDING: METHODS AND OPPORTUNITIES
In today's era, as globalization processes gain momentum and competition between countries and companies becomes increasingly fierce, the concepts of "soft power" and branding are gaining greater significance. This study aims to analyze the potential interconnection between these phenomena and identify possible ways to enhance "soft power" through the use of branding elements. The article provides recommendations on using branding elements as part of the soft power methods system.
Key words: soft power, branding, national brand, corporate brand, international influence, image attractiveness, marketing tools, public diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.026
YA.L. SKVORTSOV PhD in Sociology, Dean of the Faculty of International Journalism, MGIMO, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
G.I. KAZARYAN Bachelor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E.A. KURILKINA Bachelor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
HYBRID WARFARE: NATO'S INFORMATION STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES FOR RUSSIA
The article examines NATO information strategies and their impact on Russia in the context of a hybrid war. The relevance of the study is due to the need to protect national sovereignty and information security of Russia. The main goal of the work is to analyze NATO information operations and develop countermeasures. The authors examined official NATO documents, including the NATO 2030 doctrine, and identified methods of disinformation and propaganda. The main objectives include studying the methods of information impact, assessing current protection measures and developing recommendations for strengthening them. In the course of the work, methods of comparative analysis and monitoring of the information space were used. The results of the study emphasize the need to consolidate the efforts of the state and civil society to counter external information threats and improve the information literacy of the population. The authors' recommendations are aimed at developing national information platforms and strengthening international cooperation in the field of information security.
Key words: global politics, NATO 2030, hybrid war, information war, strategic concept, propaganda, disinformation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.027
M.S. RAMICH Assistant Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); researcher at the RUDN University Center for Applied Analysis of Global Transformations, Moscow, Russia
METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL COMPETITION USA AND CHINA
The article focuses on the peculiarities of the methodology of analyzing the US and China's global rivalry. The article considers theoretical and applied methods of analyzing of the modern international relations system, including theories of international political science and assessment of quantitative indicators and composite indexes. The article illustrates how international relations theories can be used to analyze U.S.-China rivalry, including a special focus on neorealist theory, "power transition" theory, complex interdependence theory, world-system theory, and constructivist approaches. The article discusses various approaches to assessing the material capabilities of the US and China, including separate economic indicators and composite indexes for assessing material capabilities, military power, and complex influence. The author concludes that it is necessary to use a comprehensive methodology to analyze U.S.-China rivalry at the present stage, combining various theoretical and applied approaches.
Key words: US, China, power transition theory, complex interdependence theory, global governance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.028
KIM JUYEONG PhD Student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC REGION
The article examines the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea in the Arctic and analyzes the impact on bilateral Arctic cooperation of such factors as the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of large-scale economic sanctions by Western countries after 2022.
The Russian Federation has identified the Arctic territory as a key region of national interest and announced a national development program for the region, among which the modernization of the Arctic sea routes, the development of cooperation in shipbuilding, resource exploration and scientific research are also in line with the national interests of the Republic of Korea, and the government of the Republic of Korea is developing cooperation with Russia in within its Arctic policy.
However, after Russia launched Special Military Operation in Ukraine in February 2022, the South Korean government joined Western countries in imposing economic sanctions. economic sanctions, South Korea has become an “unfriendly state” for the Russian government, and bilateral relations have deteriorated, putting Arctic cooperation at risk. However, diplomatic representatives from both countries said they were managing to prevent a complete breakdown in relations and expected ties to be restored in the future. The author focuses on the current state of Arctic cooperation and ways to overcome the crisis in Russian-South Korean relations caused by geopolitical reasons.
Key words: Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, International cooperation in the Arctic, Northern Sea Route (NSR), Development of Arctic resources.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.029
A.P. KOCHETKOV Doctor of philosophy, professor of the department of Russian politics, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ON THE STRATEGY OF ENSURING RUSSIA'S GEOPOLITICAL SECURITY IN THE FACE OF CONFRONTATION WITH THE COLLECTIVE WEST
Based on the analysis of the development and peculiarities of the current geopolitical situation, strategic approaches to ensuring Russia's geopolitical security in the context of confrontation with the collective West are considered. Attention is focused on the geopolitical interests and geopolitical threats of modern Russia, the mechanisms of ensuring its geopolitical security in the modern world.
To write this article, we used a systematic research method that allows us to consider geopolitical security as an integral, complexly organized organism in continuous interaction with the surrounding space. The application of the critical-dialectical method made it possible to analyze the geopolitical changes necessary for the implementation of geopolitical security in the new political conditions. The normative-value method helped to identify the most significant factors and values of modern Russian society, on the basis of which it is necessary today to form a system of Russia's geopolitical security.
As this study shows, in order to restore its status as a leading world power, it is enough for Russia to consider its own territory, as well as the territories of neighboring post-Soviet states, as a priority zone of its geopolitical interests, which will enable Russia to form a macro-region under its auspices and in the future remain one of the leading players on the world stage.
Key words: Russia, geopolitical security, geopolitical interests, geopolitical threats, geopolitical strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.024
M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia
L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART II
In the article, the authors analyzed the logical consequences of the end of the era of Russia's cooperation with the West after the end of the first "cold war" at the beginning of the 21st century and the recognition of the fact that there will be no return to the situation before February 24, 2022, i.e. before the start of Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine – in its relations with the United States, NATO and Japan. The thirty-year era of generally constructive, although not without problems, cooperation between Russia and the West has finally ended. Japan, which capitulated after the end of World War II, today, at the beginning of the 21st century, has found itself completely subordinated to American strategic interests in building a new world order in the Far East, and therefore its ruling circles are now taking the most active part in actions to contain Russia's influence in the world, in general, and in the Far East, in particular, preventing its rapprochement with China and helping to strengthen blocs of countries unfriendly to Russia in the Far Eastern region in the interests of the United States and its allies in this part of the globe.
Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.030
S.S. GRIGORIAN Postgraduate student Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE INTERESTS OF IRAN AND SAUDI ARABIA IN THE SYRIAN CONFLICT
This article highlights the problem of Iran and Saudi Arabia's involvement in the Syrian conflict. The Syrian conflict has not lost its relevance since the beginning of the Arab Spring. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the reasons for the involvement of the Islamic Republic and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the civil war in Syria.
The article analyzes the events since the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, as well as non-state actors who are supported by Iran and Saudi Arabia in order to satisfy their interests. The role of the geopolitical factor, namely the expansion of influence in the Levant region, was also emphasized.
The author also considers possible scenarios in case of success of one or the other side in the framework of the Syrian crisis, which may lead to a change in the balance of power in the Middle East region.
Key words: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Hamas, Hezbollah, Iraq.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.032
G.S. LAPSHAKOV Assistant Department of Sociology of Political and Social Processes, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Saint Petersburg, Russia
HISTORICAL POLICY OF JAPAN DURING THE MEIJI PERIOD: AN EXAMPLE OF BANKNOTES ISSUED IN 1873
The Meiji period, during which Japan experienced modernization, was not only the beginning of its economic successes, but also a time of great trials. The radical transformation of the old social order and Westernization required the new government to make significant efforts to maintain its own legitimacy. Historical narratives played a key role in these efforts. The article examines a specific instrument of Japan’s historical policy during the Meiji period: the historical and mythological images on a series of banknotes issued in 1873. Since the number of images that could be placed on banknotes was limited by the number of their denominations, the choice of specific historical scenes for these purposes provides valuable information about the ideology of the state that approved their use.
Key words: Politics of memory, Historical policy, National identity, Japan, Meiji Restoration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.033
T.O. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia
HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF US FOREIGN POLICY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY: RUSSIAN SCHOOL
In this article, the author analyzes the history of the study of US foreign policy by Russian experts since the twenty-first century, the change in US foreign policy after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the influence of the United States on the formation of a new look of the world order. Geopolitical areas that subsequently became elements of the new US strategy in the Eurasian space, and which predetermined the further expansion of the US in Eurasia.
Prerequisites and tasks that contributed to the emergence of the Russian school of studying US foreign policy and their main directions of study, taking into account US foreign policy objectives and their correlation with the interests of Russia. The goals that interest Russian authors, and the achievements that the vision of US foreign policy reveals.
The change of administrations of the White House and their influence on the general concept of US foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century are studied separately. Their ideas, views and tools, and their revealed application by different US Presidents in different regions of the world. The article also takes into account the gradual formation of new outlines of the world political system.
The article, through the works of various Russian authors, also analyzes the area of interests of Russian experts, taking into account the interests of Russia itself, as one of the powers of Eurasia, which also influences the formation of political and economic relations on the continent, and through this analysis, areas of conflict of interests of the United States and Russia are revealed.
Key words: US foreign policy, Russian school of study.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.034
N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ABOUT THE GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" INITIATIVE IN THE POST-COVID ERA
Despite the fact that the global reach of the "One Belt, One Road" projects currently provides significant potential advantages, some Western powers are watching with great suspicion its tendency to establish spatial control over a new, China-oriented global economic structure and an alternative political system. The article notes that in modern international relations, Western powers and even economic blocs such as the European Union do not have comparable means and capabilities to economically neutralize China's strengthening and even "contain" it militarily. This article examines the dynamics of relations between China and South Asian countries, China and the EU in the post-Atlantic world. In this context, China bears less resemblance to the Soviet Union during the Cold War, since it does not seek to confront the West either militarily or even ideologically. The current tension in relations with China The current tension in relations with China Arises rather from the lack of opportunities for the West to effectively compete with the gradually dominant Chinese economy. Thus, the Western assessment of "One Belt, One Road" usually or implicitly comes from a position of perceived economic and structural weakness, rather than real threats emanating from "One Belt, One Road".
Key words: geopolitics, Belt and Road Initiative, China, USA, European Union, Africa.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.035
TURGANBEK NAZYM Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Public Policy Department, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia
CLIMATE COOPERATION AND LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT IN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Nowadays the climate agenda and low-carbon development are important thematic directions of interstate cooperation in EAEU. However, the relations development on climate issues among member states of the integration has been observed relatively recently, starting from 2021. The purpose of this article is to assess the current state of climate cooperation and low-carbon development in EAEU by 2024. The author analyzes the institutionalization process of climate issues in the EAEU. Thematic regional documents that were approved as well as key practical measures were under consideration. Special attention is paid to the analysis of prospects of the carbon units common market formation in EAEU space. In addition, it is noted that EAEU member states follow pragmatic approach in climate and low-carbon measures selection. Such approach meets the socio-economic interests of the member states of integration.
Key words: EAEU, climate change, low-carbon development, sustainable development, carbon neutrality.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.036
ZHOU YANAN Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science of Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
CHINA'S FORTIGN POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA COUNTRIES IN TR 21st CENTURY: A SURVEY OF MAIN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORKS
Central Asia is located in the central part of the Eurasian continent and has rich natural resources, which determines its important position in the international arena. New challenges of the 21st century, caused by cardinal changes in world politics, changes in the geopolitical situation in the Central Asian region have made it necessary for China to pursue a more active foreign policy in Central Asian countries. At the same time, the Central Asian vector of China's foreign policy attracts the attention of scholars from different countries. The purpose of this article is to review the main research works of Chinese, Russian, Central Asian and Western scholars on China's foreign policy in Central Asia. The article shows the research priorities of scholars engaged in analysing China's foreign policy in Central Asia.
Key words: China's External policy, Central Asia, international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.037
P.D. SIBIRKIN Postgraduate student, Russian State Humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia
S.L. MEDVEDKO Senior Researcher, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Russian State Humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF THE US PRESENCE IN AFGHANISTAN ON THE SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN FROM 2001 TO 2021
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States began to view Uzbekistan as a potentially key partner in Central Asia. Among the states bordering Afghanistan, it was the largest country economically and politically. After the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, there was an active rapprochement between Washington and Tashkent, when the latter provided its territory for the American Operation Enduring Freedom. The United States set the task of expanding its influence in the region through soft power. This implied providing some assistance in the field of governance, education, and healthcare. However, these processes were accompanied by the introduction of pro-Western media, NGOs, and political parties, which ultimately led to a cooling of American-Uzbek relations and the withdrawal of US troops from Uzbekistan. Objective: to analyze the evolution of US relations with Uzbekistan during the presence of American troops there, to consider the factors influencing security in Central Asia, as well as the reasons that led to the withdrawal of troops and a decrease in the level of interaction between the two states.
Objectives: to identify the reasons for the establishment of friendly relations between the United States and Uzbekistan during Operation Enduring Freedom, their cooling after 2005 and then restoration again under President B. Obama; to consider the specifics of interaction between Washington and Tashkent under D. Trump, ending with the period of withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan.
Methods: chronological, comparative, empirical and analytical.
Conclusions: Despite the attempts of the United States to establish close ties and friendly diplomatic relations with Uzbekistan, the interests of both parties turned out to be completely different. Tashkent counted on technical assistance from the United States in modernizing the Uzbek economy. Washington demanded that Uzbekistan carry out reforms and democratize the political system. In addition, Tashkent was unable to properly resolve the problem associated with the presence of terrorist organizations, extremism, and drug trafficking in the country. At the same time, in Uzbekistan during the rule of Presidents B. Obama and D. Trump, there were periods of weakening of these phenomena, but after the withdrawal of American troops, a new round of instability was noted in the country.
Key words: USA, Russia, Uzbekistan, Central Asia, NATO, SCO, terrorism, regional security.
SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.038
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS AND MULTIPOLARITY OF THE WORLD ORDER
The article, prepared on the basis of the author's scientific and practical reflections in social networks, attempts to give a forecast characteristic of the process of globalization in the context of the struggle of the majority of states in the world to strengthen their sovereignty and form on this basis a new multipolar world. Assumptions are made about the emergence of new sources of international conflicts.
Key words: unipolar world, multipolar world order, international relations, globalization, sovereignty, international conflicts.