№ 10 (86), 2022

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 10 (110), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Prianichnikov N.O. The Origins of Ernest Gellner's Theory of Nationalism

Gudin A.E. Political Parties as Subjects of Electoral Processes: Main Approaches to Study

Mochalov E.V., Shegulova M.A. The Vixen Case: the Beginning of the Great Game of the Russian and British Empires

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Sukhova A.A. The Impact of Digitalization on the Political Socialization of Students

Stepanov K.V. Negative-Deviant and Positive-Deviant Political Elites as Epiphenomena of Development and Transformation of Modern Russian Society

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Karimov E.R. Transformation of Public Policy in the Age of Digitalization: Conceptual Analysis

Tuzovskiy A.S. To the Question of the Political Orientation of GR-Activities in the Corporate Space of Siberia: the Importance of Media Resources

Forov I.N. Government Policy in the Field of Information Technology Development During the Period of Sanctions

Valyukas N.N. Social Networks as a New Form of Communication in the Political Space

Zamyatin O.A. The Problem of Integration of EU Member States within the Single Energy Market at the Present Stage: the Case of Germany and Poland

Rastimeshina T.V., Dobryninа M.V. Motherhood and the Engineering Profession: on the Issue of the Need for State Support

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Slavova N.A., Novoselsky S.O., Aleeva S.S., Marukhlenko A.L., Generalov R.O. Organizational and Legal Aspects of the Policy of Digital Transformation of Public Administration

Gubanova I.G., Duplii E.V., Podosinnikov E.Yu., Golovin A.A., Molokoedov V.V. Assessment of the Implementation of the Regional Demographic Policy in the Conditions of Instability

Kazakov V.E. Impact of Global Economic Changes on Political Strategies and Development of Light Industry: International and Russian Experience

Ogurtsova N.S., Chernysheva L.A., Polozhentseva I.V., Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O. State Social and Economic Policy of Urban Environment Quality Management

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Smirnov A.V., Kulikov S.P. Formation and Political Evolution of Strategies of American-Mexican Relations in Historical Context (1860s – Early 21st Century)

Lukashina E.V., Belousova A.M. The Phenomenon of South Korean Mass Culture and the Role of Digital Media in its Development

Gavrov S.N., Grigorian A.Z., Mirimanov D.A. Forbes Information Policy in Local Media Spaces: Russia, USA, Kazakhstan

Tikhonov V.G. Political Influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Kurbanov N.I. Perception of the Russian Special Military Operation Against the Kiev Regime in the Japanese Media

Grigarevichius A.R. Chinese Factor in Forming of the Indo-Pacific Strategy

Antonov R.A. The Influence of the Geographical Factor on the US Political Elite

Aleeva S.S., Efremov M.A., Novoselsky S.O., Ponomarev E.E., Bystrov A.A. Organizational and Legal Aspects of Digital Transformation Policy in the Healthcare System: Foreign Experience

Popova S.Y., Belov S.I., Devochkina A.S. Formation of a Positive Image of Russia Among Children and Youth in Neighboring Countries: Technologies and Practices

Drogovoz A.I. EAEU in Modern Political Conditions

Zhavoronkova E.A. Turkey's Middle East Policy: the Difficult Search for the Balance Between Palestine and Israel

Zakalskiy G.V. The American Approach to the Study of Digital Sovereignty

Zverev E.V. Public Approval as an Indicator of the Success of the Social Contract in the EU Countries

Liu Kangxin, Li Sihan. Geopolitical Aspects and Strategic Prospects for the Development of Sino-Russian Trade and Economic Cooperation in the Context of Global Competition

Kishueva I.A. Digital Diplomacy as a Tool of U.S. Information Security Strategy

Klimova A.S. Counter-Terrorism Strategy «Contest» in the Context of the UK Counter-Terrorism Policy in the First Quarter of the 21st Century (Part I)

Melkonyants G.A. Terrorism as a Security Threat in the Context of Modern Globalization

Paramuzova O.G., Yakovlev D.A. Current Issues of International Sports Law in the Framework of the Sports Dispute Resolution Procedure

Saburova J.A. Evolving Paradigms in International Relations: from National Interest to Ecological Interdependence

Sergeev A.S. Right-Wing Populism in Spain: the Rise and Electoral Growth of the VOX Party

Suo L.F. The Influence of Historical Events and Narratives on Modern Russian-Polish Relations

Shishov G.O. Geopolitical Interests of Russia in the Eurasian Region

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. Ethnopolitical Regionalistics – a New Scientific Direction

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.001

N.O. PRIANICHNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Lomonosov Moscow State University”, Moscow, Russia

THE ORIGINS OF ERNEST GELLNER'S THEORY OF NATIONALISM

The article examines the possible influence of the concepts of de-ideologization and "disenchantment" of the world on Ernest Gellner's theory of nationalism. As a rule, Russian and foreign scientists, when studying Gellner's theory, pay attention only to his arguments, without examining the possible influence of other scientific and philosophical concepts on his theory. The relevance and scientific novelty of the research conducted in this article lies in the fact that it examines for the first time two cases of such a possible influence. The goal of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of Gellner's theory of nationalism and the two concepts mentioned above in order to identify specific parallels. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are performed in the article: a consistent analysis of Ernest Gellner's key work "Nations and Nationalism", the works of Hannah Arendt, Daniel Bell and Max Weber, their comparison, as well as the search and analysis of other scientific literature on the topic of research.

The main research methods used in the article are comparative analysis, content analysis and logical analysis of the above-mentioned works. The text of only one of Gellner's works, "Nations and Nationalism", is subject to research in the article. This is due to the fact that in his earlier work, "Thought and Change", his theory of nationalism is presented in its initial version, and in the work "Nations and Nationalism" it takes a more refined, classical form. It is the second work that the absolute majority of scientists researching his theory refer to. Therefore, using the first work in this case would be superfluous. The result of the research conducted in the article is the found parallels between the concepts of de-ideologization and "disenchantment" of the world and Gellner's theory of nationalism. It is concluded that these concepts could indeed have influenced Gellner's theory.

Key words: nationalism, ideology, Ernest Gellner, de-ideologization, "disenchantment" of the world, Max Weber, Hannah Arendt.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.002

A.E. GUDIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL PARTIES AS SUBJECTS OF ELECTORAL PROCESSES: MAIN APPROACHES TO STUDY

The article is dedicated to political parties as subjects of electoral processes, which are essential components of the political system. Various approaches to their study are analyzed, including from the perspective of their ideological, social, and institutional roles in society.

The author identifies the main approaches to studying the phenomenon of parties, emphasizing the differences in interpreting party functions and goals depending on ideological premises. A universal approach to studying the phenomenon of political parties is proposed. Within this approach, five of the most universal characteristics of a political party are highlighted: ideology, organization, the goal of gaining and maintaining power, voter mobilization, and integration into the political system. As the research shows, any attempt to formulate a universal definition of a party leads to the identification of these fundamental characteristics, which allow for the characterization of the essence of party organization, its internal mechanisms, and external functions.

The research confirms that political parties play a central role in the process of aggregating citizens' interests and legitimizing power through electoral mechanisms. The diversity of approaches to studying party structures indicates the need for further legal and institutional analysis of parties as key subjects of the political system.

Key words: political parties, electoral process, political system, power, party system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.003

E.V. MOCHALOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University», Saransk, Russia

М.А. SHEGULOVA Student, master's degree in the field of «Political Science» Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University», Saransk, Russia

THE VIXEN CASE: THE BEGINNING OF THE GREAT GAME OF THE RUSSIAN AND BRITISH EMPIRES

In the presented article, the authors conduct an in-depth analysis of the geopolitical event, better known in historiography as «the Mission of the Vixen». In the course of the study, the prerequisites for this event were identified and the key points of the confrontation between the British and Russian Empires at the initial stage of the Great Game were considered. Special attention in the study is paid to the personalities who played a decisive role in the incident. Specific examples show the methods that the Russian Empire used to counter the provocations of the British on the Black Sea. The authors come to the reasonable conclusion that, despite the threat of the British provocation escalating into a full-scale war, the Russian Empire was able to maintain the status quo in Russian-British relations on the Black Sea, as well as consolidate Circassia under its jurisdiction.

Key words: Mission of the Vixen, Great Game, trade, Russian-Turkish wars, K.N. Nesselrode, Black Sea Fleet, A.S. Menshikov, smuggling, D. Urquhart, Caucasus, schooner «Vixen», J. Bell.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.004

А.А. SUKHOVA Postgraduate, Lecturer at the Department R1 «Organization Management», Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS

As a result of political socialization of young people, internal attitudes of the individual as a participant in the political process are formed, and the political system of the state develops. At the present stage of development, digitalization changes the process of political socialization of student youth, which determines the purpose of the study. The article defines the features of the influence of digital technologies on political socialization, namely, on civic-patriotic education and political participation of student youth. Conclusions were also made regarding the risks of such influence, namely, the lack of control over the influence of digital technologies outside the educational process and the differentiation of digital resources by regions and universities. The need for an empirical analysis of the political socialization of students, taking into account the influence of digital technologies, is substantiated.

Key words: political socialization, civic-patriotic education, political participation, digitalization, higher education, student youth.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.005

K.V. STEPANOV Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Criminology, Southern Federal University Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

NEGATIVE-DEVIANT AND POSITIVE-DEVIANT POLITICAL ELITES AS EPIPHENOMENA OF DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

The article problematizes the concept of "elite" in the context of the paradigm of "Machiavellianism" and "moral turn in politics", the concepts of negative and positive deviations. It is proved that, on the one hand, in the conditions of transformation of society, peculiar points of turbulence and bifurcation, the processes of deviation of the main socio-political subjects are activated, since the old norms undergo rapid changes, and new models of assessment and behavior have not yet received legislative expression, have not been comprehended and integrated into the public consciousness and personality structure. And, on the other hand, given the political context of the problem of deviations, we can say that deviations act as epiphenomenes of the process of exercising power by influential groups, primarily political elites, who have the exclusive right to set the boundaries of norm and pathology and label a specific manifestation as deviant.

In this regard, the problem of "who are the judges?" is being actualized, that is, the problem of the quality of political governing elites. If they themselves are subject to transformation and deviations, then a kind of vicious circle is created in which socio-political actors who are subject to deviations and the temptations of biased assessments in their own interests should make a verdict on the conformity of a socio-political phenomenon to a norm or pathology. Accordingly, without developed, effectively functioning mechanisms of control of the political elite by civil society, clear ideas in society about sufficient grounds for belonging to the elite at the level of public consciousness, mechanisms fixed at the legislative level and worked out in practice to counter abuse of power by existing political elites, as well as internal mechanisms of elite rotation, supporting its renewal and preventing The usurpation of power cannot be prevented by the deviation and degradation of the ruling elites.

Key words: elite, deviations, state-local civilization, cultural and civilizational matrix, traditional values, public values, elitogenesis.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.006

E.R. KARIMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE AGE OF DIGITALIZATION: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the transformation of public policy in the era of digitalization. The author examines the key theoretical approaches to the study of the influence of digital technologies on political processes and institutions. As a result of the analysis, four main groups of concepts are distinguished: 1) political and philosophical theories that consider fundamental changes in the nature of power and communication; 2) studies of the social consequences and risks of digitalization of the public sphere through the prism of the theories of the "filter wall", "digital panopticon" and digital divide; 3) concepts of transformation of public administration and modification of interaction between government and society in the digital age; 4) theoretical approaches to the analysis of the development and functioning of digital political spaces. The author focuses on the ambivalent nature of the influence of digitalization on public policy, identifying both potential opportunities for expanding political participation and improving governance efficiency, and the risks of increased control, manipulative practices and deepening socio-political inequality. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems of transforming democratic institutions, the activities of digital platforms, ensuring information security and forming digital citizenship in the context of rapid digitalization of politics. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion about the need to consider the digital transformation of public policy as a multifaceted and complex process that requires the use of an interdisciplinary approach and the synthesis of various theoretical perspectives.

Key words: public policy, digitalization, network society, e-government, digital citizenship, political participation, democracy, digital divide, transformation of political institutions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.007

A.S. TUZOVSKIY Senior Lecturer of the Department of Management, Siberian Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE POLITICAL ORIENTATION OF GR-ACTIVITIES IN THE CORPORATE SPACE OF SIBERIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA RESOURCES

The article presents a new view of the processes of targeted interaction with the authorities for the domestic research landscape, consisting in adapting theories of resource dependence and organizational ecology to understanding the political content of GR-communications of corporate structures. Using the example of several regions of the Siberian Federal District, it is shown that the proactive presence of GR-participants in the focus of media attention can be dictated by reasons of both tactical and strategic nature. As a result of the analysis of cases of using media resources to influence government decisions, technological features associated with the vital prospects of interested organizations were identified. Considering the desire of corporations for efficiency and risk-free existence, the author proposes directions for the redistribution of resources significant for GR in favor of mass public interests.

Key words: GR, media, interest group, corporate policy, resource dependence, organizational ecology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.008

I.N. FOROV Postgraduate student, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PERIOD OF SANCTIONS

The sanctions on Russia has presented a significant challenge to the national information technology (IT) sector. The President and government have initiated measures aimed at fostering the development and support of this industry, with the goal of facilitating its adaptation to the current circumstances. This article examines the current situation in the Russian Federation with respect to IT, as well as the measures that have been taken in this area.

Key words: import substitution, sanctions, information code, parallel imports, technological sovereignty, digitalization, informatization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.009

N.N. VALYUKAS Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, Management and Regional Studies, MOAU "Voronezh Institute of Economics and Social Management", Voronezh, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A NEW FORM OF COMMUNICATION IN THE POLITICAL SPACE

Social networks occupy an important place in the life of a modern person, covering all areas of activity, including politics. Currently, social networks play a large role in shaping public opinion, discussing political issues, and raising funds for election campaigns. Thus, it becomes relevant to study the question of the possibilities of social networks in the political space as a communication tool. Objectives. Determining the importance of social networks in the political space as a communication tool, analyzing the use of social networks by famous political figures in Russia, studying examples of the successful use of social networks in election campaigning. Methods. To study the role of social networks in the political space as a communication tool, methods of statistical analysis, as well as synthesis and generalization of information, were used. Results. The main capabilities of social networks in the political space are identified; the statistics of the leading political channels in social networks in Russia were studied; successful examples of the use of social networks in political communication are given; the advantages of using social networks are highlighted, as well as ways to minimize the risks of their use for negative purposes. Conclusions and Relevance. In politics, social networks are powerful tools for communicating with voters, forming public opinion, mobilizing citizens, as well as assessing citizens’ opinions on processes occurring in the political space. The influence of social networks on a person’s life, his opinion and interests is constantly increasing, thereby determining the relevance of their use as a means of communication in the political sphere.

Key words: social networks, political space, politicians, political communication, information space.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.010

O.A. ZAMYATIN Graduate student, Political Institutions, Processes, and Technologies program, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Department of Political Analysis and Socio-Psychological Processes, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF INTEGRATION OF EU MEMBER STATES WITHIN THE SINGLE ENERGY MARKET AT THE PRESENT STAGE: THE CASE OF GERMANY AND POLAND

The article discusses the relevance of strengthening integration within the single energy market of the European Union (EU) in modern conditions. The author analyzes the challenges facing the EU in energy policy, including geopolitical changes, the global trend towards decarbonization, and competition in global energy markets. Using the example of Germany and Poland, the article highlights systemic contradictions between EU member states in energy policy, including differences in approaches to the development of renewable energy sources and the use of nuclear energy. The article also examines cooperation between Germany and Poland within the EU to ensure energy stability and increase the construction of infrastructure for receiving liquefied natural gas. The article emphasizes the need to strengthen solidarity among EU member states in energy policy to ensure energy security and competitiveness of the European economy.

Key words: EU energy policy, European Union, solidarity principle, European integration, decision-making process, German energy policy, Polish energy policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.011

T.V. RASTIMESHINA Doctor of Political Sciences. Sciences, Head of the Department. Political Science and Applied Political Work, RSSU, Moscow, Russia

M.V. DOBRYNINА Candidate of Political Sciences, Vice-Rector for Educational Work and Youth Policy, NRU MIET, Moscow, Russia

MOTHERHOOD AND THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION: ON THE ISSUE OF THE NEED FOR STATE SUPPORT

The article focuses on the problems faced by modern mothers in connection with the challenges faced by the institution of motherhood on a global scale: the completion of the second demographic transition and the socio-cultural limitation of the "plan" of fertility by two children; the increase in sociocultural requirements and demands of society in relation to the quality of motherhood; the growth of women's aspirations for personal, including professional self-realization; increasing demands from social institutions in relation to the types, quality and effectiveness of women's economic activity. The purpose of the article is to find a solution to the most acute problem – the pressure of society, which places high demands on families and mothers raising children, causes an escalation of the internal conflict between a woman's desire for professional self-realization and the desire to be an ideal mother. Expert survey and focus group methods were used to deconstruct the problem. It is concluded that the most relevant solution to the conflict between a woman's needs and the demands of society is a fairly good motherhood.

Key words: motherhood, engineering profession, gender equality, gender gap, fertility, professional career.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.012

N.A. SLAVOVA Candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the department of legal disciplines Branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Humanitarian University», Domodedovo, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

S.S. ALEEVA Senior Lecturer Department of Civil Law and Public Law Disciplines, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

A.L. MARUKHLENKO Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Information Security, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

R.O. GENERALOV Master's student of the Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE POLICY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Introduction: the article considers individual organizational and legal aspects of digitalization of the public administration system using the example of the practice of e-government. For the population of the country, the introduction of digital technologies into the state mechanism helps to expand the capacity of the social space due to the most prompt provision of up-to-date information and the formation of social communications. These features lead to a decrease in the level of social tension in society and allow targeted provision of relevant social assistance to all categories of citizens. In the focus of the considered importance, the integration of e-government into the regional governance system is of particular importance, since it is at this level that the narratives developed in the federal space are communicated to the end user. In the future, the already debugged mechanism of e-government of the regions is replicated throughout the controlled territory in the form of e-municipalities. Thus, the use of innovative technologies in the e-government format in the public administration system contributes to the growth of quality, reliability, accessibility, security and efficiency of public services, which in turn expands the potential of entrepreneurial activity, reduces the level of social tension in the public environment, and forms sustainable communications along the line «government-business-population». The purpose of the work is to describe the basic organizational and legal aspects of the implementation of the digital transformation policy of the public administration system. Research results: the authors clarified certain issues of legal regulation of the use of digital solutions in the state administrative mechanism, and visualized the methodological model of the functioning of the e-government.

Key words: e-government, digital transformation, public administration, digitalization, administrative support.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.013

I.G. GUBANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Capital and Personnel Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia

E.V. DUPLII Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Capital and Personnel Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia

E.YU. PODOSINNIKOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor, associate professor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», Kursk, Russia

A.A. GOLOVIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia

V.V. MOLOKOEDOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», Kursk, Russia

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY

Introduction: the core importance of the demographic policy is that its main focus is on increasing the country's population. In recent years, the second vector of implementing the demographic policy has been the growth of the quality of national human capital. In this regard, government bodies are developing and implementing a wide range of measures aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the demographic policy. The fact of the relatively long demographic crisis that Russia experienced at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century gives additional significance to the activation of processes in the field of demographic policy. The main stop factor in this case was the global socio-economic difficulties that resulted from the change in the economic formation of the national economy. Awareness of the need to solve the demographic problem primarily to ensure national security of the state required the introduction of a wide range of tools aimed at stimulating the birth rate, reducing mortality by improving the quality of the health care system, reducing the outflow of human capital, subject to stabilization of the internal socio-economic system, restoring the capacity of the Russian educational system, expanding the potential of the social sphere. The purpose of the work is to assess the demographic policy of the region in the context of instability. Research results: the authors grouped strategic aspects of the importance of demographic policy for the evolutionary development of the state and ensuring national security, and summarized the results of the analysis of key demographic indicators of the Kursk region, revealing the retrospective results of regional management.

Key words: demographic policy, birth rate, mortality, migration, urbanization, natural increase, national security, human capital.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.015

V.E. KAZAKOV Director of Logistics at JSC "New Fashion", Moscow, Russia

IMPACT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC CHANGES ON POLITICAL STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT INDUSTRY: INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE

The study focuses on analyzing the interconnections between global economic changes and political strategies in the context of Russia’s light industry. In the face of international sanctions and logistic challenges, the import substitution policy becomes particularly relevant as a means of ensuring economic independence and sustainable development. The primary aim of the article is to examine political decisions aimed at adapting Russia’s light industry to the changing external environment, as well as to analyze international experiences and their application to Russian realities. The theoretical framework of the research is based on concepts from political economy, institutional theories, path dependency theory, and systems analysis, which collectively help to elucidate the mechanisms through which globalization influences national political processes. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of political strategies in emerging economies such as China, India, and Argentina. The findings demonstrate that successful import substitution requires active state intervention, strategic planning, and infrastructure development. The conclusions underscore the importance of state participation in economic processes and the need to balance economic integration with political independence for the effective implementation of import substitution strategies in Russia.

Key words: political strategies, global economic changes, sanctions, import substitution, light industry, systems analysis, institutional theories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.016

N.S. OGURTSOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Management, Institute of Economics and Management, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, A.N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia

L.A. CHERNYSHEVA Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russia

I.V. POLOZHENTSEVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of «Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education» Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow, Russia

A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia

STATE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Introduction: the quality of the urban environment is the most important object of the state's socio-economic policy, as it forms the living conditions of the population. Among the many different characteristics of the quality of the urban environment, the article considers the organizational and legal aspect of drinking water supply. The availability of clean drinking water is especially relevant in urbanized areas, which are characterized by high population density and increased demand for this resource. High-quality functioning of the urban water supply system requires compliance with a large number of technical standards and sanitary and epidemiological requirements, which in turn can be ensured through the timely modernization of water utility equipment. Renovation of urban water supply systems is the most important task of local governments in providing the population with clean drinking water. In addition, in the context of the above, the key importance is the construction of a comprehensive monitoring system for the quality of drinking water provided to citizens for consumption, which should identify deviations as quickly as possible and activate mechanisms to eliminate them. The purpose of the work is to consider the organizational aspects of managing the quality of the urban environment in the vector of providing clean drinking water to the population of the territory. Research results: the authors' team clarified the organizational and methodological aspects of providing the population of the territory with clean drinking water in the contour of urban management.

Key words: urban environment, quality of the urban environment, drinking water, municipal management, socio-economic policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.017

A.V. SMIRNOV Master, Department of General History, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

S.P. KULIKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General History, Novosibirsk National Research State University (NSU), Novosibirsk, Russia

FORMATION AND POLITICAL EVOLUTION OF STRATEGIES OF AMERICAN-MEXICAN RELATIONS IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT (1860S – EARLY 21ST CENTURY)

This article attempts a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis of the political formation and further political and diplomatic evolution of U.S.-Mexican relations. As certain foreign policy factors contributing to the emergence of the process of relations between the two states, it is worth considering the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848, the First World War and the Second World War, as well as political events related to the events of the Cold War. The strategic basis for the development of relations between the two neighboring countries was the work of the Monroe Doctrine and the implementation of the concept of a "good neighbor" by the United States. The article also shows a significant decrease in political and economic cooperation between the United States and Mexico in the period after the end of the cold War and a particularly low level of interaction between the two countries during the work of the Republican administration of D. Trump.

Key words: foreign policy, international relations, the Cold War, the United States, Mexico, the "delicate balance", the Republican administration, U.S. President D. Trump.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.018

E.V. LUKASHINA Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.M. BELOUSOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF SOUTH KOREAN MASS CULTURE AND THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN ITS DEVELOPMENT

Since the 2000s, the Republic of Korea has been actively developing the export of its mass culture. To achieve success in this area, active work is being carried out with human capital, various creative industries are being stimulated. Together, these measures lead to the emergence of a unique consumer mass cultural product. The purpose of this article is to identify the place and degree of influence of digital media in the process of evolution of the mass culture of the Republic of Korea and the development of its specifics. A historical and multifactorial analysis of various components of South Korean popular culture is carried out. Information and digital tools used to promote preferences for mass culture products among target audiences are considered. During the writing of the article, it was established that South Korea maximizes the use of digital opportunities to promote objects of mass culture. The success of the approach is due to the synergy of business, government and creative figures in various fields.

Key words: mass culture, South Korean pop culture, media, digital space, media strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.019

S.N. GAVROV Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A.Z. GRIGORIAN Master of the Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.A. MIRIMANOV Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Higher School (Faculty) of Television of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FORBES INFORMATION POLICY IN LOCAL MEDIA SPACES: RUSSIA, USA, KAZAKHSTAN

The article analyzes the editorial policy of Forbes magazine, one of the most authoritative and well-known economic printed publications in the world. Today, these are also Internet resources representing the magazine in the information space of the most important regions of the world from the point of view of Forbes editorial policy. We study the information policy of the publication in Russia, the USA, and Kazakhstan. This study allowed us to identify similarities and differences in the presentation of information depending on the cultural and civilizational characteristics of the regions of presence. Semantic accents and the style of messages are important, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the target audience, the presence of behavioral patterns, and a culturally and historically conditioned picture of the world. The stylistic and semantic range of the publication's information policy is quite wide, sometimes going beyond the editorial policy of the central publication in the USA. Information flexibility of the editorial policy allows us to ensure the interest and loyalty of target audiences, does not cause a situation of cognitive dissonance, which to varying degrees blocks the perception of information.

Key words: Forbes, Russia, USA, Kazakhstan, information policy, worldview, information.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.020

V.G. TIKHONOV Lecturer-researcher Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

The article provides an analysis of the political influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on political processes both in the region and in the international system. The political influence of the SCO is determined by the following factors, such as popularity, expansion, military potential and cooperation with other international organizations. The author points to the gradual growth of the SCO's popularity in the global information space, influence through institutional and territorial expansion, as well as the military potential of the SCO member states. The popularity of the SCO is growing in the global information space, which indicates an increase in its influence on the Eurasian region. The expansion of the organization occurs at the territorial, institutional and demographic levels. Within the framework of the factor of the SCO military potential, the political influence of the SCO is determined from the position of elements of power according to the neorealist paradigm. The activities of the SCO are not directed against other countries and international organizations. Cooperation with other international organizations also increases the influence of the SCO by concluding treaties and maintaining the image of the international organization. The influence of the SCO is spread through the participation of Russia and China in the UN Security Council, the development of the concept of the Eurasian space and the initiative "One Belt – One Road", as well as the organization of discussion platforms and forums.

Key words: international organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO, political influence, neorealism, balance of power, Eurasian region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.021

N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern, Center for Spatial Analysis of International Relations, Institute of International Studies (CPAMO IMI) MGIMO MFA of Russia MGIMO (U) MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PERCEPTION OF THE RUSSIAN SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION AGAINST THE KIEV REGIME IN THE JAPANESE MEDIA

The article deals with the issues of Russia's special military operation coverage in the Japanese media conglomerates NHK, Yomiuri, Mainichi, Nikkei, as well as The Japan Times. The article analyzes the publications by these media to describe the actions of the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine in the period from January 2022 to April 2023. The study shows that the Japanese media took an anti-Russian position. However, due to the Japanese society`s fatigue from the Kyiv regime, the media also cast an alternative point of view about the need to understand the true reasons for Russia’s actions.

Key words: Japanese language, special military operation, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Kiev regime.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.022

A.R. GRIGAREVICHIUS PhD student, school of international relations, world politics department, Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

CHINESE FACTOR IN FORMING OF THE INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY

This article reflects the analysis of the influence’s extent of China’s development and strengthening with the world economy and politics on the development of the Indo-Pacific region strategy. With the gradual development of China's economy, its role in global processes has strengthened: becoming an increasingly attractive as an economic partner, China strengthened relations with many countries in the region, which, after some time, allowed it to become one of the key partners for many powers in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). However, this situation is extremely unfavorable for the United States, which also claims to be a leading country in the Asia-Pacific region. As an alternative to the Asia-Pacific region with China playing a leading role in it, the United States is creating a strategy for the Indo-Pacific region, with the goal of maintaining its influence in the region.

Key words: Asia-Pacific region, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, strategy, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.023

R.A. ANTONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL FACTOR ON THE US POLITICAL ELITE

The article focuses on the influence of the geographic factor on elites in the United States. The methodology involves descriptive, comparative-historical methods. The purpose of this article is to describe the influence of the geopolitical position of the northern and southern states on the policies of American elites. The Permanent contradiction among the ruling establishment of the United States due to geographic aspect is a key aspect. The article indicates territorial position of the states largely changes decision-making process in topics such as migration, abortion and carrying weapons. The practice of "swing states", which, due to the chosen course of migration policy, can lead to the dominance of the Democratic Party in the political arena of American politics.

Key words: USA, US elite, Geographic factor, US migration policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.024

M.А. EFREMOV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Information Security Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia

E.E. PONOMAREV Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

A.A. BYSTROV Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION POLICY IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Introduction: the toolkit for using telecommunications and digital technologies to provide medical care is actively developing in foreign countries. The formation of a progressive track for the development of telemedicine in most foreign countries occurs in the presence of a capacious regulatory framework that meets the current conditions and features of the use of telecommunications and digital technologies to provide medical care. Analysis of foreign experience in the regulatory framework for the provision of medical care using telecommunications and digital technologies is extremely relevant from the point of view of finding directions for optimizing the domestic legal field in the considered vector of legislative regulation. The results of the diagnostics will allow us to formulate well-founded recommendations in the wake of improving the regulatory framework for the functioning of telemedicine in the Russian Federation. The study materials consider the features of the regulatory framework for the use of telecommunication technologies to provide medical care in the United States and China. The purpose of the work is to consider the features of the organizational and legal regulation of telemedicine in foreign countries. Research results: the authors identified the most significant organizational and legal aspects of regulating the digital transformation of the healthcare system in the United States and China, which can be used in domestic practice to improve the efficiency of telemedicine management.

Key words: telemedicine, medical services, digital transformation, interactive space, healthcare.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.014

S.Y. POPOVA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Social Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia

S.I. BELOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

А.S. DEVOCHKINA Postgraduate Student at the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF A POSITIVE IMAGE OF RUSSIA AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES: TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of a positive image of Russia in the perception of children and youth of neighboring countries. The subject of the research is modern technologies of working with the younger generation of Russia's allied countries to strengthen the importance of our country in the global humanitarian space, strengthen the position of the Russian language in the world, contributing to the preservation abroad of historical truth and memory of Russia's role in world history and the history of the post-Soviet countries. The authors analyze their own experience of participating in the organization of international camps in neighboring countries, and present the results of a study on the use of «soft power» – the promotion of the Russian language and Russian culture.

Key words: «soft power», positive image of Russia, historical image, youth, Russian language, Russian culture, technologies of working with youth, axiological approach, cultural-historical approach.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.025

A.I. DROGOVOZ Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EAEU IN MODERN POLITICAL CONDITIONS

The article examines the position and activities of the EAEU in modern political conditions. The EAEU is the leading organization in the post-Soviet space in the field of economic integration. The EAEU member countries have taken a number of targeted steps to organize a common market, including the free movement of capital and labor. However, in addition to economic factors, the activities of the EAEU are increasingly influenced by geopolitical aspects.

The purpose of the work is to identify the specifics of the EAEU's activities in modern political realities. Its main tasks are to consider the changing political conditions of the EAEU, the specifics of interaction in a situation of increasing international tension, the impact of economic sanctions on the activities of the EAEU, the forced adaptation of participating countries to new restrictions, the problems emerging in this regard, trends and development prospects. The relevance of the topic is determined by the rapidly changing conditions of cooperation between the EAEU countries and the increasing importance of political factors. The confrontation between Russia and Western countries is an important political aspect.

The policy of sanctions and counter-sanctions was activated during the creation of the EAEU, but in recent years its role has increased sharply. The conflict in Ukraine entailed an unprecedented expansion of restrictive measures against Russia and another member of the EAEU, Belarus, which led to the emergence of new challenges and opportunities, while introducing, at the same time, an element of uncertainty into the assessment of the prospects for the development of integration processes in the economic sphere within the EAEU, including issues expansion of the organization by admitting new members.

Key words: EAEU, economy, Russia, cooperation, conflict, sanctions, common market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.026

E.A. ZHAVORONKOVA Applicant of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

TURKEY'S MIDDLE EAST POLICY: THE DIFFICULT SEARCH FOR THE BALANCE BETWEEN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL

The article examines the development of Turkey's Middle East policy as a search for the balance between Palestine and Israel. With the change of Turkey's foreign policy after the Justice and Development Party came to power, there is pro-Palestinian mood in the country's leadership. Turkey's relations with Palestine are complicated by internal Palestinian disagreements. In turn, in the 21st century, political relations between Turkey and Israel experienced both sharp falls and rapid rises, although the countries are the largest economic partners in the region. The aggravation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict requires certain solutions from Turkey, but the fear of being involved in a major conflict demands to act carefully.

Key words: Turkey, Israel, Palestine, Middle East, Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Hamas, Fahat.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.027

G.V. ZAKALSKIY Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Scientific supervisor: I.A. BRONNIKOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE AMERICAN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY

The article describes the concept of digital sovereignty, the history of the development of this concept, as well as the main trends in the study of this concept in American scientific discourse. According to the author, the concept of digital sovereignty is extremely multifaceted, affecting to one degree or another most of the natural, technical, social and humanitarian sciences.

Key words: digital sovereignty, technological sovereignty, cyber security, state sovereignty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.028

E.V. ZVEREV Postgraduate Student, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of RAS; Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC APPROVAL AS AN INDICATOR OF THE SUCCESS OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT IN THE EU COUNTRIES

The article examines the phenomenon of left-wing populism in the EU countries, the genesis of the emergence of populist parties, as well as their role in the political system. The analysis of populist parties is based on the concept developed by K. Mudde. Mudde, in whose works populism is considered as a special way of political struggle, which uses elements of confrontation between two antagonistic groups – “power” and “people”. On the basis of Mudde's works, the author has identified several key features of populism that allow to distinguish it from other political movements.

A separate place is occupied by the consideration of the existing left populist parties in the EU countries through the prism of Mudde's concept, as well as the assessment of their participation in political processes. The author forecasts possible prospects for the further development of populist movements, and also identifies challenges for the future of left populists within the institutional structure of the EU.

Key words: populism, European Union, elections, economic crisis, Euroscepticism, political polarization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.029

LIU KANGXIN PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

LI SIHAN Bachelor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS AND STRATEGIC PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINO-RUSSIAN TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL COMPETITION

In the context of global competition and a changing world order, Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation is of particular importance. The article analyzes the geopolitical aspects and strategic prospects for the development of interaction between the two countries, using the IMRAD structure (introduction, methods, results, and discussion).

The introduction describes the main historical and political prerequisites for Sino-Russian cooperation, which have formed a solid foundation for bilateral relations. Modern challenges and opportunities faced by both countries in the context of intensified global competition are also considered.

The methods section outlines the research methodology, including economic and political analysis. Data from official statistics, results of expert community surveys, as well as secondary sources from scientific literature were used. The methodology also includes a comparative analysis of trade and economic indicators, as well as forecasting based on current trends.

The research results show that Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation is developing in several key areas: energy, infrastructure projects, high technology, and agriculture. In particular, there is a significant increase in the volume of energy trade and active participation of both countries in the construction of infrastructure facilities. Areas requiring additional efforts to improve cooperation efficiency, such as improving transport logistics and removing trade barriers, are also identified.

The discussion section examines the strategic prospects for the development of Sino-Russian cooperation. Possible development scenarios are analyzed, including deepening integration within the framework of Eurasian economic initiatives and potential risks associated with political and economic instability in the world. Recommendations are made to enhance the resilience of the partnership, including deepening scientific and technical cooperation and creating favorable conditions for investment.

In conclusion, the importance of further strengthening Sino-Russian relations to ensure stable growth of both economies in the context of global competition and uncertainty is emphasized.

Key words: geopolitics, strategy, China, Russia, trade and economic cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.030

I.A. KISHUEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL OF U.S. INFORMATION SECURITY STRATEGY

U.S. digital diplomacy plays a central role in contemporary international relations, reflecting Washington's strategic approach to leveraging digital technologies for the advancement of national interests and global standards. The evolution of technology and its integration into diplomatic processes necessitates a thorough examination of the theoretical foundations underlying this strategy, as well as an analysis of its practical implementation.

This article explores the role of U.S. digital diplomacy as a strategic tool for ensuring information security and promoting national interests through the lens of various theoretical approaches underpinning the American model of digital diplomacy, including liberalism, realism, and constructivism. Special attention is given to the concept of «technopoliticy», which emphasizes the significance of technology in the modern international context and its impact on the global distribution of power. The article also addresses the challenges and prospects faced by digital diplomacy amid the rapid development of new technologies.

Key words: digital diplomacy, information security, soft power, disinformation, U.S., global norms, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.031

A.S. KLIMOVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of World Politics. Moscow, Russia

COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGY «CONTEST» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UK COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 21ST CENTURY PART I

The article considers the evolution of the UK main government document in the field of countering the terrorist threat – the counter-terrorism strategy «Contest» from 2003 to the present. The relevance of the research is determined by the significance of this strategy in ensuring the national security of Great Britain as one of the world's leading powers in the fight against terrorism. The purpose of the article is to critically assess the results of the directions included in the Contest strategy: the «4Ps», the «Prevent» counter-extremism program, the «Channel» interdepartmental search and support program for persons at risk of radicalization. In addition, the achievements and shortcomings of the strategy in the fight against the growing number of cyberattacks in recent years are highlighted.

Since the publication of the first version in 2003, the UK counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», which contains long-term systemic counter extremism measures, has undergone significant changes. Despite the achievements, «Contest» has shown a number of contradictory, insufficient results and needs to be updated, which is confirmed by British authorities. The «Prevent» program is invariably criticized publicly for securitizing society, stigmatizing British Muslims, restricting freedom of speech. The problem is compounded by a number of existing and new terrorist threats, fragmentation of the extremist groups, a significant acceleration in the preparation of terrorist attacks, lack of a systematic assessment of terrorist attack risks. In addition, the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit raise concerns. Accordingly, the analysis of the «Contest» strategy allows drawing conclusions regarding its effectiveness and outlining the short – and medium-term prospects for its development.

Key words: UK, national security, terrorism, counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», «4Ps», «Prevent» program, «Channel» program, extremism, cyberterrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.032

G.A. MELKONYANTS South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

TERRORISM AS A SECURITY THREAT IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GLOBALIZATION

In this study, the author suggests that the current phase of global development is characterized by a critical increase in the terrorist threat due to the cultural and value asynchronization of the traditional and liberal sides of globalization, forming a contradictory unity. However, such unity is conditional, since humanity continues to remain heterogeneous with unequal conditions of existence and development potentials, which entails "compensation" for the situation on the part of oppressed States, groups and communities. This "compensation" lowers the permissible limits of the use of terror and violence to zero minimums. In the course of the research, the author also examines the issues of increasing the terrorist threat due to such factors of globalization as transnationalization, financial integration, the growth of identity conflicts, problems of statehood, technological progress, intensification of global conflict, the use of terrorism within big geopolitics, etc. In conclusion, the author concludes that the fight against the threat of terrorism requires the integration of efforts in such areas as international law, collective defense and intelligence, as well as humanitarian cooperation. However, unfortunately, such aspirations are not on the global political agenda today.

Key words: globalization, terrorism, terrorist threats, multiculturalism, value systems, technology, geopolitics, global security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.033

O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Law, Associate Professor Department of International and Humanitarian Law NWUI RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

D.A. YAKOVLEV Student NWUI RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

CURRENT ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL SPORTS LAW IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SPORTS DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURE

The article is devoted to some of the most pressing issues of the emerging field of international sports law, namely: certain theoretical and practical aspects of the procedure for resolving sports disputes in international relations.

Key words: international sports law, professional sports, sports dispute.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.034

J.А. SABUROVA PhD student, Department of “Social sciences” National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

EVOLVING PARADIGMS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: FROM NATIONAL INTEREST TO ECOLOGICAL INTERDEPENDENCE

This article examines the problem of defining and defending national interests in the context of global environmental challenges. The author analyses the main theoretical approaches to the concept of national interests, such as realism, liberalism and constructivism, and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. Particular attention is paid to the realist tradition, which is considered dominant in the study of international relations. The author criticizes the realist conception of national interests based on the principles of power, security and sovereignty and proposes an alternative approach called ecological realism. Environmental realism assumes that national interests should consider not only political, economic and military factors, but also environmental conditions and consequences of states' actions. The author argues that environmental realism can offer a more adequate and responsible strategy for the behavior of states in a world where environmental risks and threats are becoming a more serious and imminent. In conclusion, the author summarizes and concludes on the prospects for the development of environmental realism as a new approach to the theory and practice of international relations.

Key words: national interests, ecological realism, realism, liberalism, constructivism, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.035

A.S. SERGEEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN SPAIN: THE RISE AND ELECTORAL GROWTH OF THE VOX PARTY

This article examines the emergence and growth of the right-wing populist party VOX (Voice) in Spain, looking at its ideology, attitudes towards democracy, and voter attraction. Founded in 2013, it entered the regional parliament of Andalusia in December 2018. By participating in negotiations to form a coalition government in this Spanish region, VOX demonstrated its potential as an influential political force. Under the leadership of Santiago Abascal, the party achieved significant success in local and national elections, winning broad electoral support. VOX used the trial of Catalan separatists to increase its popularity among the right-wing electorate, positioning itself as a defender of Spanish unity. Rallies such as the one in Vistalegre strengthened its position in the political arena. In the 2019 general elections, VOX received more than 3.6 million votes, becoming the third largest party in the Spanish Congress.

The article also compares VOX with other populist right-wing parties in Europe, such as the National Rally in France and the Brothers of Italy, and examines their strategies for interacting with traditional political forces depending on the national context.

Key words: populism, Spain, VOX, right-wing populism, radical parties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.036

L.F. SUO Postgraduate student of Center for Russian Language Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, China

THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL EVENTS AND NARRATIVES ON MODERN RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS

The history of relations between Russia and Poland has always been the focus of attention of scientists. The existing research is mainly devoted to major historical events between the two countries. The greatest attention is focused on the events and processes of the era of the three sections of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Katyn tragedy. The time of research, immersion in the geopolitical and socio-political atmosphere of a particular time, in our opinion, did not always contribute to an impartial description and analysis of the heated relations between the two countries.

Key words: Russia, Poland, Russian-Polish relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.037

G.O. SHISHOV Graduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS OF RUSSIA IN THE EURASIAN REGION

The article is devoted to the current issues of ensuring Russian geopolitical interests in the Eurasian region and primarily in the post-Soviet space. The purpose of the study is to trace the transformation of Russia's geopolitical interests in the Eurasian region. The objectives of the study are to identify the main threats and challenges for Russia that influence the vector of Russian geopolitics, characterize the current state of Russia's interaction with its closest neighbors and identify geopolitical priorities taking into account the influence of other centers of power. Research methods: logical analysis method, comparative analysis. As a result of the study, key threats to the implementation of Russia's geopolitical strategy in relation to the countries of the former Soviet Union, as well as the transformation of geopolitical goals and objectives taking into account the dynamics of the international situation, are identified.

Key words: Russia, China, Eurasia, geopolitical interests, international relations, centers of power, foreign policy.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONALISTICS – A NEW SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION

The article attempts to analyze the state and direction of development of ethnopolitical scientific directions, including ethnopolitical regional studies. It characterizes various scientific concepts related to the influence of the ethnic factor on public policy, as well as the influence of national public policy on the rights and freedoms of national minorities. It emphasizes the importance of the ethnolinguistic policy of the state for ensuring socio-political stability in various countries and regions. It summarizes the practice of implementing national policy in Russia at various stages of state development.

Key words: state ethnopolicy, ethnolinguistic policy, rights and freedoms of national minorities, ethnopolitical regional studies, new scientific direction, ethnopolitical conflicts, ethnopolitical stability.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 9 (109), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Komarova M.V. Interpretation of Ideological Identity as a Modern Approach in the Methodology of the Theory of Statehood

DOMESTIC HISTORY

Belanovskaya Y.E., Mironova A.V., Slizovsky D.E. Russian-Polish Relations: Scientific and Verbal Evidence for the Lack of Importance of their Improvement (Historical Perspective)

Bokova E.I. Analysis of the Dynamics of the CPRF Initiatives in the Educational Sphere from 2013 to 2024

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Denisov N.E. The Dynamics of All-Civic Identity Development in Contemporary Russia

Cai Yang. The Specifics of Problem Formation and Trends in Youth Political Participation in the Russia

Chemshit D.A. Prerequisites of Modernization Crises of Political Systems in the Process of Elite Recruitment

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Gaeva A.V. The Main Theoretical Approaches and Interpretations of the Concept of “Political Culture”: Discourse-Analysis

Stoliar V.D. Practical Aspect of Implementation of Electronic Voting in the Russian Federation

Abduragimov Z.E. "Soft" Political Technologies for Preventing and Countering Terrorism

Apanashchenko O.V. Problems of Gender Equality in Russian Politics

Baishev K.A. State Policy on the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values in Modern Russia

Volkov A.V. Mirri-Diana: the Image of Russian Tennis Players as Humanitarian Ambassadors of Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Tensions, on the Example of Mirra Andreeva and Diana Schneider: Political Analysis

Zhakovschikov A.V. Transformation of Regional Elites Under The Pressure Of Changing The Country's Course (Using The Example Of The Southern Federal District Of The Russian Federation)

Zazulina M.R. Features of the Formation of Territorial Public Self-Government in Urban Districts (on the Example of the Novosibirsk Region)

Ksenofontova S.B., Chernysheva L.A., Novoselsky S.O., Semkin A.D., Polyansky A.A. Implementation of Social Policy as a Factor in Stabilizing Social Processes

Mitrofanov A.A. Evolution of Information Operations in the Context of Modern Information Warfare

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Duplii E.V., Gubanova I.G., Rastorguev A.A., Novoselsky S.O., Evseev D.V. Development of Professional Competences in the Public Administration System

Drozhnikov R.A. Features of Legal Regulation of State Corporations in the Russian Federation

Kostina T.A. Main Problems of Modern Russian State Policy in the Sphere of Local Self-Government

Torik N.Yu. The Evolution of State Subsidies for Innovative Industrial Enterprises at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O., Ignatova M.N., Terentyeva A.E., Mikhaylov A.M. Migration Policy Management as a Factor of National Security

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Volovikov A.G. The Evolution of a Systematic Approach to the Analysis of International Relations

Popova Yu.V. The Slowdown in the "Renew Europe": the Reasons for the Electoral Fiasco of the French Project in the 2024 European Parliament Elections

Grebnev R.D. The African Union as an Element of a Decentralized Global Governance System: Prerequisites and Possible Scenario

Ashikhmin A.E. Technological Sovereignty in the Discourse of the Russian Federation and China

Dibrov E.A. The Problems of the Regional Security of the Union State in the Context of Geopolitical Instability in Eastern Europe

Liu Kangxin, Li Sihan. Geopolitical Significance of Northeast Asia in the Context of Russian-Chinese Cooperation

Kozlova D.A. E. Junger on the Role of East and West in the Formation of a New World Order

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part III)

Lykov S.A. Russia in the European Gas Market in the Middle of the 20th – Beginning of the 21st Century: Political Aspects

Okudzhava Kh.Z. Global Experience in the Use of Digital Technologies in Public Administration

Pang Lu. The Indo-Pakistan Conflict: a Political-Historical Overview and the Role of International Organisations in Resolving the Conflict

Popovskaya Yu.S. Interests, Goals and Strategy of China in the Indian Ocean Region

Ryzhenkov A.S. The Turkish Nationalist Action Party and its Attitude Towards Russia and the Turkic States of Eurasia

Semenov N.S. Infrastructure and Economic Corridors of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative as a Key Element of the PRC's Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Influence

Zhang Qian. The Nagorno-Karabakh Issue in the Context of Russia's Special Military Operation: Reality and Strategic Game

Shpakovsky S.A. International Organizations and Regulation of Migration Processes: Structure and Interaction

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

Medvedev N.P. Territorial-Political Structure of Modern States

REVIEWS

Arzhanov I.A. Book Review: Gromyko, Al.A. (Ed.). (2023). Europe in Global Reassembly. Moscow: Ves Mir, Institute of Europe Publ., 508 P. (In Russian)

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.001

M.V. KOMAROVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management and Law, Autonomous non-profit educational organization of higher education "Kuban Institute of Vocational Education", Krasnodar, Russia

INTERPRETATION OF IDEOLOGICAL IDENTITY AS A MODERN APPROACH IN THE METHODOLOGY OF THE THEORY OF STATEHOOD

The article summarizes the main results of the research on the interpretation of ideological identity as a modern approach in the methodology of the theory of statehood. The analysis of modern Russian political science studies has shown that there is a need to rethink the socialist ideology with its idea of justice, class struggle (as the fight against the oligarchy). Historical memory today requires reconsidering and rethinking the ideas proposed by the leaders of the first Soviet state – Lenin V.I., Stalin I.V. Today, the ideas of socialism can become the missing link in political identity for Russians and Russian statehood. The author of the article concludes that for modern Russia, as a result of the loss of the authority of liberal values, Russian-Soviet traditions (conservatism and socialism) seem to be the most relevant in terms of understanding modern democracy and solving the problem of preserving state sovereignty.

Key words: ideological identity, political science, ideology, Russia, theory of statehood, political system.

DOMESTIC HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.002

Y.E. BELANOVSKAYA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

A.V. MIRONOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Russian History, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS: SCIENTIFIC AND VERBAL EVIDENCE FOR THE LACK OF IMPORTANCE OF THEIR IMPROVEMENT (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE)

The dominant theme in Polonistics (the Russian segment of historical science) and the Russian studies (the Polish segment) has remained unchanged for a long time. Historians and historians on both sides, while still being influenced by politics and politicians, recognize, to varying degrees, the futility and insignificance of trying to improve relations between the two countries and peoples in the distant future. While politicians may see the futility of bettering Russian-Polish relations, this is understandable due to their nature as professionals. However, there is still a lack of research and analysis on the idea that contradictions in this field are eternal and unsolvable, which we believe is an important aspect that needs to be explored. Based on the analysis of a range of historiographical works written in Russian and Polish, this article attempts to identify some of the underlying factors that lead to an overabundance of negativity in the relationship between the two countries. The results of the study indicate that, firstly, the minds and consciousness of scholars are excessively saturated with historical and political negative content. Secondly, when explaining the futility of improving relations between the two nations, great emphasis is placed on the use of judgments and opinions of Russian anti-state figures, Russian critics of imperialism, which are seen as the main source of conflict in both Russian and Polish perspectives. These perspectives are then used by Polish historians to justify their own negative views on Russian-Polish relations. Thirdly, the contradiction between the "Polish question" and the issues surrounding it in the relations between the two countries is extremely weak or under-researched in historiography. To address this contradiction productively, historians and historiographers will need to acknowledge these differences in their analyses. The questions surrounding the topic are general, while the problems are more specific. Only by recognizing these differences researchers can provide a more detailed understanding of the dangers and harm of perpetual conflict between two countries. This recognition could contribute to reducing the risks and threats in Russia-Poland relations, rather than exacerbating them.

Key words: Polish-Russian relations, historiography of Polish-Russian relations, issues of Polish-Russian cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.003

E.I. BOKOVA Applicant of the Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE CPRF INITIATIVES IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE FROM 2013 TO 2024

The initiatives of parliamentary parties are an important marker of their response to the most pressing problems facing Russian society. They reflect the political line of the party and the main approaches to solving social issues, and allow us to trace the dynamics of initiatives within a specific sphere of life of Russian society.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the CPRF initiatives in the educational sphere from 2013 to 2024. To achieve this, it was necessary to solve a number of problems, namely: 1) to identify the main initiatives of the CPRF party within the selected chronological period; 2) to determine the vectors of changes in the reformist course of the CPRF in relation to the educational sphere. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that within the specified chronological period of time, the educational initiatives of the CPRF have steadily expanded, while their main content remained static. It was reduced mainly to achieving free education, as well as improving its quality within the framework of the implementation of the large-scale state program Education for All. The leadership of the Communist Party also sought to increase the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage, which would lead to positive dynamics in payments to students and teachers. According to the leadership of the CPRF, the growth in the quality of education should have been ensured by its de-bureaucratization, the introduction of health-saving technologies, an increase in the social significance of the teacher's work and, as a result, a change in educational ideology.

Key words: education, science, political parties, CPRF, Russian Federation, initiatives, election programs.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.004

N.E. DENISOV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE DYNAMICS OF ALL-CIVIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA

This paper scrutinizes major peculiarities of identity policy in the Russian Federation. This research departs from the issue of incomplete substantive elaboration of civic identity component, as for policy practice and current research literature. The author applied the historical institutional approach to this issue and noticed a “path dependence” pattern, which can be seen in the existence of sustainable institutional structure in the area of identity policy, which is resistant to any major change.

The author describes identity policy as the area of government institutions activity, which constructs collective identity. The application of Frederick Barthes theory of “identity boundaries” opened the way for better understanding of the institutional structure, which fragments identities of the Russian society across ethnic boundaries. This structure was created by institutional choice which was made at the time of the foundation of the USSR and presumed a model of asymmetrical federal relations on the ethnic base.

The author emphasizes that the asymmetry of federal relations grants a variety of powers, which can be exerted by regional elites in the sphere of identity policy. Therefore, it leads to relative salience of ethnocultural component of identity, which surpasses the civic component. As a result, there is no opportunity for sustainable all-civic identity to emerge.

During the research the author noticed that there are regular pendulous fluctuations in the Russian identity policy. On the one hand, regional elite are granted with excessive tools and powers for identity construction. On the other hand, federal government then tries to reduce regional opportunities in that area. Along this this, the peculiarities of institutional design do not allow for sustainable development of the all-civic identity in contemporary Russia.

Key words: all-Russian civic identity, national identity, ethnic identity, path dependence, asymmetrical federalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.005

CAI YANG Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

THE SPECIFICS OF PROBLEM FORMATION AND TRENDS IN YOUTH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE RUSSIA

The article examines the problems and trends of youth political participation in modern Russia. The focus is on analyzing changes in youth political activity, including the decline in voter turnout, the increase in participation in protest movements, and the growing engagement in social networks. The author presents statistical data illustrating these trends and offers recommendations to enhance political activity among the younger generation. The article emphasizes the importance of developing new strategies aimed at involving youth in political life and strengthening trust in political institutions through the use of modern technologies and digital platforms.

Key words: political participation, youth, elections, protest movements, digital activism, political activity, social networks, political institutions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.006

D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University Sevastopol, Russia

PREREQUISITES OF MODERNIZATION CRISES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF ELITE RECRUITMENT

The article is devoted to the third, final component from the field of functional measurement of crises of modernizing political systems – the recruitment of political elites. The essential role of the political elite in democratic modernization projects is emphasized. The channels of recruitment of the political elite are considered in detail. The main types of recruitment of the political elite – closed and open – are analyzed. The problem of developing and strengthening informal mechanisms and channels of elite formation is emphasized. The prerequisites of modernization crises are studied in two planes: in the process of elite formation and in the structure of the ruling political elite. The phenomenon of fragmentation of political elites in countries modernizing according to an exogenous model is considered. It is concluded that the disunity of political elites is one of the causes of modernization crises.

Key words: political system, political modernization, modernization crisis, dysfunction of the political system, elite formation, recruitment of political elites, exogenous modernization.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.007

A.V. GAEVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social and Economic Sciences, Branch of RSVPU in Nizhny Tagil, Nizhny Tagil, Russia

THE MAIN THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF “POLITICAL CULTURE”: DISCOURSE-ANALYSIS

The article presents a discourse analysis of the concept of political culture. The features of the scientific definition of this concept are defined in historical sequence. Conducting discourse analysis with students of higher education allows to expand scientific horizons and involve students in research activities.

Key words: political culture, discourse analysis, culture, politics, political life of society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.008

V.D. STOLIAR Phd student, IP RAS, Moscow, Russia

PRACTICAL ASPECT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC VOTING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The purpose of the article is to consider the practice of remote electronic voting in the Russian Federation from the moment modern technologies began to be introduced into the electoral process until 2024 from the point of view of the evolutionary development of this practice. The article will consider the connection between the current concept of remote electronic voting and the legal connotations of this concept in the past, based on the works of domestic political scientists and legal scholars, the advantages and limitations of this technology at present are highlighted.

In conclusion, conclusions are made about the role played by electronic voting at the current stage of development of the Russian legal and political system. Opportunities for further development of remote electronic voting technology in the Russian Federation will be identified, which will be used, including in the framework of the federal election campaigns of 2024-2026.

Key words: elections, electronic voting, Russian electoral system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.009

Z.E. ABDURAGIMOV Applicant of the Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

"SOFT" POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTING AND COUNTERING TERRORISM

The article is devoted to the current problem of countering international terrorism with the help of political technologies. The study reveals the content of the concepts “prevention of terrorism”, “extremism”, “radicalization”, soft power”; typologies of terrorism and its prevention are presented.

The characteristic features of new mechanisms of interaction between terrorist groups in cyberspace using promising technologies and social networking platforms are identified and described. Particular attention is paid to preventing radicalization on social media and the Internet in the digital age, examining the relevant methods and approaches that terrorists use to disseminate their propaganda and recruit online.

The existing international instruments and mechanisms for identifying and preventing the financing of terrorism are reviewed, and the roles of the authorities involved in combating this type of crime are described and analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of “soft power” in the context of political technologies and methods.

This article is an attempt to address the issue of the role of diplomacy as an important and indispensable tool in the fight against terrorism.

Key words: political technologies, international terrorism, counteraction, “soft power”, radicalization, extremism, diplomacy, terrorist financing.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.010

O.V. APANASHCHENKO Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Administration, Luhansk State University named after V. Dahl, Lugansk, Russia

PROBLEMS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN RUSSIAN POLITICS

The study of gender equality in Russian politics is proceeding at a slow pace, the problem of women's participation in politics has not been studied enough, it is necessary to analyze and study Russian legislation in more detail, and the principle of introducing equal rights of men and women is also necessary.

Key words: political elite, gender, gender, political relations, women.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.011

K.A. BAISHEV Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

STATE POLICY ON THE PRESERVATION AND STRENGTHENING OF TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN MODERN RUSSIA

In the context of modern political upheavals and the active influence of Western countries on Russian society, the most urgent issues remain the implementation of state policy on the preservation of traditional spiritual and moral values. The special military operation also highlighted the need to create a unified state system aimed at preserving and ensuring public values. These factors determine the relevance of the research topic, and also emphasize the need for further development of state policy in the field of traditional spiritual and moral values.

Key words: state policy, traditional values, patriotism, education, provision, protection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.012

A.V. VOLKOV Graduate student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Experts from RIAC, Moscow, Russia

MIRRI-DIANA: THE IMAGE OF RUSSIAN TENNIS PLAYERS AS HUMANITARIAN AMBASSADORS OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS, ON THE EXAMPLE OF MIRRA ANDREEVA AND DIANA SCHNEIDER: POLITICAL ANALYSIS

Under the conditions of international sanctions imposed on Russian sport, new challenges have emerged for Russian athletes, including the restriction of their participation in international competitions. The article is devoted to the study of these challenges on the example of the tennis careers of rising Russian female athletes. The aim of the study is to identify opportunities to develop peacemaking and unifying functions for Russian athletes in the face of the total politicization of high-performance sport and to analyze how the situation intersects with the geopolitical tensions of the modern era. The article discusses the growing involvement of politics in sport, in particular how international sporting events are used as platforms for geopolitical struggles and manipulation of national images. The author argues that the politicization of sport undermines the core values of sportsmanship by violating the core sporting principles of fairness, equality and open competition.

The article analyzes the sports achievements of young Russian female tennis players who participated in the Olympic Games-2024 in Paris in a neutral status. The results of the study show that despite sanctions and the lack of official representation of the country, Russian athletes were able to achieve significant success in fair sports competition and gain support among Russian and foreign audiences. Findings emphasize that despite the sanctions, Russian athletes continue to make a meaningful contribution to the development of international sport, demonstrating high resilience and adaptability to challenging external conditions. It is argued that in the context of increasing politicization and geopolitical competition in sport, where traditional sporting principles are being replaced by political interests, Russian athletes stand out as a symbol of fair and open sport. Conclusions are drawn that Russian sports champions play a key role in positive changes in the international sports world, helping to mitigate the negative impact of the politicization of high-performance sport.

Key words: politicization of sport, tennis, Russian athletes, IOC, Mirra Andreeva, Diana Schneider, geopolitics, sports achievements, sanctions, international competitions, Olympics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.013

A.V. ZHAKOVSCHIKOV Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Volgograd, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF REGIONAL ELITES UNDER THE PRESSURE OF CHANGING THE COUNTRY'S COURSE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)

The article analyzes the transformation of regional political elites in connection with the foreign policy events of the last two years. The beginning of a special military operation and sanctions pressure on the socio-economic system of the country have led to the fact that the existing regional elites are transforming and adapting to constantly dynamic and current conditions under the pressure of changing the country's course. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the regional elites of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation are being transformed under the influence of a change in the country's course towards including more and more representatives of military structures in the circles of the regional political elite.

Key words: regional elite, political elite, transformation of elites, regional political process, elite selection, development of regional elites, Russian foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.014

M.R. ZAZULINA Candidate of Science (Philosophy), Senior Research Officer of Institute of Philosophy and Law (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF TERRITORIAL PUBLIC SELF-GOVERNMENT IN URBAN DISTRICTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)

Territorial public self-government (TPSG) is one of those institutions of political participation that have become the subject of close attention from the state. The broad framework established by the legislator for this institution has led to the fact that the creation of TPSG has not acquired a uniform character. The integration into the TPSG covers absolutely different groups of the population in structure and size.

The article examines the features of the formation of territorial public self-government in urban districts of the Novosibirsk region. For this purpose, the dynamics of formation are studied, and an analysis of existing TPSG is carried out in terms of the territory of their formation and their population coverage.

It is concluded that in the Novosibirsk region, the number of TPSG created, their size and time of occurrence are related to the population of the urban district: a large number correlates with higher indicators for each of these parameters.

A distinctive feature of Novosibirsk is the greater number of TPSG, as well as their uniform representation in all districts of the city. TPSG here are especially large in size, they are formed on the basis of entire subdivision, include dozens of apartment buildings and hundreds of private houses and can cover up to several tens of thousands of people. Most of the TPSG in the city is created in areas with apartment buildings buildings, but mixed types of TPSG are also common, uniting residents of the private and multi-storey sectors.

In urban districts with a smaller population (Berdsk and Iskitim), small groups of people living in small areas self-organize in TPSG, so there is no mixing of private and multi-storey housing forms within one TPSG. In the private sector, residents of several small neighborhoods unite. They unite from two to several dozen houses. TPSG in multi-story areas are formed on the basis of one, or at least two or three multi-storey buildings.

Key words: territorial public self-government, self-organization, institute, urban district, municipality, Novosibirsk region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.015

S.B. KSENOFONTOVA Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Department of Finance and Business Analytics of the Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia

A.D. SEMKIN Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

A.A. POLYANSKY Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICY AS A FACTOR IN STABILIZING SOCIAL PROCESSES

Introduction: the article is devoted to the consideration of key socio-economic indicators of the implementation of social policy in Russia in the current crisis conditions. The formulated goals and objectives of social policy reflect its importance for the stable functioning of the country as a whole and the protection of its national interests in the face of unfriendly influence. The identification of the resulting patterns of social policy was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the dynamics of nominal and real wages and pensions, changes in the poverty level, the index of the ratio of cash income to the subsistence minimum, changes in the total social expenditures of the state, as well as an assessment of the structural macroeconomic characteristics of social policy. The purpose of the work is to identify problematic aspects of the implementation of social policy of the country based on retrospective diagnostics of basic panel data. Research results: the authors identified the resulting trends in the implementation of social policy of the state in key socially significant areas, which can act as a relevant information base for finding reserves for improving public administration.

Key words: social policy, state, real income, poverty level, Russia, social protection, social guarantees.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.016

A.A. MITROFANOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION OPERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE

Information operations are used by states and other actors in the struggle for control over the information space. Such operations have existed for thousands of years and as time passed, only the instruments of their execution evolved.

In this article, the author traces the evolution of information operations from the ancient world to the present day and shows the relationship between information warfare, hybrid warfare, sharp power, soft power and color revolutions.

The purpose of this paper is to show that information warfare has existed since man learned to record and transmit data in writing and that information warfare became possible as tools evolved.

Key words: information operation, information warfare, psychological operation, cyber operation, sharp power, soft power, color revolution.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.017

А.А. RASTORGUEV Lecturer, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia

D.V. EVSEEV Master's student of the Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM

Introduction: the existing socio-economic space is in an active dynamic phase, which is characterized by constant transformations and organizational changes. Taking into account the above, the expression of professional competencies of civil servants should evolve towards compliance with objectively occurring changes. Moreover, to improve the quality of public administration, the change in competence should be proactive, which ensures advanced professional development of the personnel potential of municipal management. The solution to this problem is seen in building a systemic work aimed at diagnosing the current level of expression of professional competence and searching for directions that ensure its regular increase, relevant to the tasks at hand within the framework of managing the controlled socio-economic space. The external strategic manifestation of the effectiveness of this process can be an increase in the effectiveness of urban environment management, and the internal local results are steadily increasing criterion indicators of the expression of professional competence of civil servants. The purpose of the work is to clarify the theoretical and methodological features of the development of professional competencies in the public administration system. Research results: the authors identified key aspects of the importance of developing professional competencies of civil servants, presented their extended classification, and built a cause-and-effect model of the manifestation of competencies.

Key words: competencies, public administration, professional development, civil service, knowledge, skills.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.018

R.A. DROZHNIKOV Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The study is updated by the fact that the reform of the socio-economic sphere of Russian society, which took place at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, required transformations of the entire education system and the functioning of legal entities. Thus, the revival of this legal entity after decades of neglect by the state towards economic partnerships has led to the emergence of new organizational and legal forms of legal entities. Therefore, the state corporation is one of the real examples of organizational and legal forms.

The author emphasizes that the legislation that determines the legal status of state-owned companies can be changed and regulated not only at the federal level, but also through the adoption of internal local regulations. However, in this case, the intended purpose of the state corporation is not entirely justified. After all, its distinguishing feature is the function of public administration, which will be assigned to the internal organs of the organization.

Key words: legal regulation, state corporations, regulatory act, legislation, ownership, property, contract.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.019

T.A. KOSTINA Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of History and Philology, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

MAIN PROBLEMS OF MODERN RUSSIAN STATE POLICY IN THE SPHERE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems that state authorities of the Russian Federation face in the process of implementing state policy on the development of local self-government.

The purpose of the study is to identify and study the main problems of state policy in the field of local self-government development in the Russian Federation, their impact on its development and implementation. Systemic, institutional, comparative and historical scientific methods are used. It is concluded that the existing problems have different causes and degrees of influence on its implementation. Their timely resolution is one of the conditions for achieving high efficiency in the activities of state authorities on the development of local self-government.

Key words: local government, subjects of the Russian Federation, state policy, state authorities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.020

N.Yu. TORIK Applicant, Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF STATE SUBSIDIES FOR INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY

This article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of state subsidies for industrial enterprises implementing activities in the field of development and implementation of innovations at the beginning of the 21st century. The author characterizes the process of development of the policy of state subsidies for innovative industrial enterprises, from 2010 to the present, and identifies the main instruments and directions of state support for the highest priority sectors of Russian industry implementing activities in the field of innovation.

Key words: state, industry, industrial enterprises, innovation, innovative activity, subsidies, regulations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.021

M.N. IGNATOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia

A.E. TERENTYEVA Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

A.M. MIKHAYLOV Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Introduction: the paper examines individual problematic aspects of the implemented migration policy and the probabilistic risks of their negative impact on Russia's national security. The results of migration policy have a global impact on the state of the country's socio-economic space and the quality of internal public communications. Mistakes in managing migration processes can have extremely destructive strategic consequences, the risks of which are greatly increased in the context of a hybrid war. Information expansion by unfriendly countries, as well as direct participation, are aimed at destabilizing the internal environment based on the opposition of the migration factor to the existing social foundations of the indigenous population. The first negative consequences of uncontrolled migration have already begun to clearly manifest themselves in the form of increased criminalization of the migration environment, which without changing the general state course will become the basis for a social explosion, and within individual regions can lead to open confrontations. In the medium term, there are clear risks of radicalization of the migration sphere for its use as a battering ram in relation to the legal field of the state and its main institutions. The purpose of the work is to identify the most significant problems of the country's migration policy based on the diagnosis of verified statistical material and generalization of the results of content analysis of representatives of the expert and scientific communities. Research results: the authors' collective generalized qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of migration policy, forming the information space for its prompt correction in order to minimize the identified risks.

Key words: migration, migration balance, migration policy, demography, voluntary migrants, national security, social risks.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.022

A.G. VOLOVIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal Relations of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The purpose of the article is a critical analysis of the possibilities of a systematic approach as a tool for analyzing and understanding international relations.

The article is devoted to the analysis of a systematic approach in international relations, combining various theoretical paradigms for a deep understanding of global processes. The paper examines the key paradigms: realism, liberalism, Marxism, constructivism and pluralism. The focus is on how each of these theories contributes to the understanding of international relations, emphasizing the importance of power, economic interdependence, cultural characteristics, and identity.

The study demonstrates that a systematic approach allows integrating ideas and approaches to create a comprehensive picture of international relations that reflects the interconnection and interdependence actors and processes.

Key words: systemic approach, international relations, theoretical paradigms, global politics, stratification in the system of international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.023

Yu.V. POPOVA Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Department of Russian History, Sociology and Political Science of Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia

THE SLOWDOWN IN THE "RENEW EUROPE": THE REASONS FOR THE ELECTORAL FIASCO OF THE FRENCH PROJECT IN THE 2024 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS

The results of the elections to the European Parliament determine the priorities of the European Union policy for the next five years. The results of the 2024 elections, although they indicate that the pro-European forces (the European People's Party and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats) retain their leading positions, also show a strengthening of the positions of Eurosceptics and right-wing populist forces (Patriots for Europe, European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Europe of Sovereign Nations), and a significant reduction in support for the liberals and the Greens. The leading faction of support and deepening of integration – "Renew Europe" – lost a significant part of its seats. The purpose of the article is to identify possible reasons for the reduction in electoral support for the parties forming "Renew Europe". To achieve this, the election program and priorities voiced by "Renew Europe" were analyzed and compared with the priorities, topics and expectations that EU citizens indicated in the framework of the Eurobarometer surveys (conducted in the run-up to the elections to the European Parliament). As a result, it was found that EU citizens remain loyal and supportive of the union, valuing it for its security, freedoms and democracy. But their attention is focused on the need to solve the most pressing problems: poverty, bureaucracy, social exclusion, improving the quality and availability of healthcare, employment and affordable housing for the young. Therefore, voters prefer solving the pressing problems of the current time to the large-scale plans of the pro-European faction to revive integration and deepen the union. It turns out that EU politicians and ordinary Europeans look at the European whole from different angles. And on this gap, populists get their votes, pushing Euroliberals out of the seats they previously occupied in the European Parliament.

Key words: "Renew Europe", pro-European faction, European Parliament, 2024 European Parliament elections, European integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.024

R.D. GREBNEV PhD in Law, Deputy Dean for International Affairs at the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE AFRICAN UNION AS AN ELEMENT OF A DECENTRALIZED GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM: PREREQUISITES AND POSSIBLE SCENARIO

The initiative of the leading states and powers of the world majority and the Global South to form a fair multipolar world order determines the relevance of the study of the prospects of the African Union in the context of these transformations.

The formation of a multipolar world order presupposes the decentralization of global governance and the distribution of issues of joint and exclusive jurisdiction between international organizations and formats of global significance and regional systems for regulating international relations.

The use of civilizational, systemic and actor approaches in combination with the laws of global evolutionism and the methodology of global forecasting allows us to model scenarios for the possible integration of Africa, the process of which is complicated by the geopolitical aspect.

As a result of the study, a general conclusion was made that in case of the formation of a fair multipolar world order, the African Union will be given a place in the system of decentralized global governance as an international organization of regional significance, performing the functions of regulating international relations in Africa and participating in the development of global policy on behalf of the continent.

The prospects for political unity in Africa are complicated by the coexistence on the continent of two local civilizations, comparable to part of the Islamic world and traditional African societies that retain signs of tribal isolation. The positive prospects for African regionalism are linked to pragmatic economic integration, ahead of regional political processes, and the solution to the problem of ensuring regional security.

Key words: African Union, regionalization of political processes, globalization of political processes, multipolarity, global governance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.025

A.E. ASHIKHMIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Federal State Scientific Center of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Project Manager of KFR LLC, Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA

This study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the concept of technological sovereignty in the political and economic discourse of Russia and China. The work covers the period from the early 2000s to the present, examining the evolution of the concept in official documents and speeches of leaders, as well as specific measures to strengthen technological autonomy in key industries. A comparison of the approaches of the Russian Federation and China is carried out, the impact of the concept on international relations and the global technological landscape is analyzed. The study is of interest to specialists in the field of political science, economics, international relations and technological development.

Key words: sovereignty, Russia. China, security, import substitution, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.026

E.A. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEMS OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY OF THE UNION STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY IN EASTERN EUROPE

The article examines the problems of regional security of the Union State in the context of geopolitical instability in Eastern Europe. The destructive influence of Western-centric regional military-political, socio-economic organizations in Eastern Europe, which have a negative impact on the development of the Ukrainian crisis since 2014, has been revealed.

In the context of countering external influence in the region, the article proposes and analyzes the effectiveness of using a combined approach for the member states of the Union State, based on the fundamental principles of theories of international relations.

The role of regional alliances in forming a springboard for offensive actions in Eastern Europe is defined. Peacekeeping initiatives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus aimed at resolving the Ukrainian crisis are listed. Possible steps are outlined to strengthen the security of the member states of the Union State in the course of counteracting Western-centric regional organizations within the framework of forming a sustainable security architecture in Europe.

Key words: Regional organizations of Eastern Europe, radicalization, Ukrainian crisis, nuclear weapons, security architecture, the Union State, peacekeeping initiatives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.027

LIU KANGXIN PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LI SIHAN Bachelor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NORTHEAST ASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the geopolitical significance of Northeast Asia in the context of Russian-Chinese cooperation. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing role of this region in the system of international relations and the strategic nature of the partnership between Russia and China [23; 27]. The purpose of the study is to identify the key factors that determine the geopolitical status of Northeast Asia and to assess the potential of Russian-Chinese interaction in the region. The main methods used are system analysis, comparative historical approach, event analysis, case study and expert interviews. The empirical base consisted of documents and statistical data of international organizations, media materials, and survey results. It was revealed that the geopolitical significance of Northeast Asia is determined by such factors as geographical location, resource and economic potential, developed infrastructure, and military-strategic dimension. It is shown that despite the difference in interests and approaches, Russia and China are objectively interested in maintaining regional stability and jointly promoting integration processes. Promising areas of Russian-Chinese cooperation in Northeast Asia are identified, including joint infrastructure projects, investment cooperation, and coordination of efforts to counter traditional and new security challenges. The theoretical significance of the study lies in deepening understanding of the geopolitical dynamics in Northeast Asia. The practical significance is associated with the possibility of taking into account the results obtained when planning Russian foreign policy in the region and building a strategic partnership with China.

Key words: Northeast Asia, geopolitics, Russian-Chinese relations, regional cooperation, security, integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.028

D.A. KOZLOVA Master’s Student, Philosophy Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

E. JUNGER ON THE ROLE OF EAST AND WEST IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER

The article is devoted to a separate aspect of the war and peace problem in the German history of social and political studies of XX century – the conception of civilizational conflict, created by E. Junger – the ideologist of the conservative revolution. The author of the study was tasked with reconstructing the E. Junger’s concept of the civilizational conflict. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to characterize the historical and biographical and reveal the theoretical and methodological foundations of E. Junger's conception of intercivilizational conflicts. In addition, it was necessary to formulate the thinker’s concepts of the East and West. And finally, to determine whether Junger's conception of intercivilizational conflicts can be attributed to geopolitical conceptions.

The research is based on such complementary principles and approaches of scientific knowledge as the principles of science and integrity. In the course of his work, the author turned to a wide range of historical, political and other scientific methods. Among them are political and textual analysis, historical and biographical analysis, comparative analysis, discourse analysis, induction and deduction.

As a result of the research, the author identified criteria for comparing Junger's concepts of East and West, defined the concepts of war and the connection of the "World Civil War" with the conception of the intercivilizational conflict, and reconstructed the conception itself. The author came to the conclusion that Junger's conception of the civilizational conflict cannot be called truly geopolitical, since the thinker did not focus on geographical and geopolitical factors, denying the connection of East and West with geopolitical spaces.

Key words: German history of social and political studies, XX century, the problem of war and peace, the conflict of civilizations, E. Junger.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.029

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART III

In the article, the authors analyzed the logical consequences of the end of the era of Russia's cooperation with the West after the end of the first "cold war" at the beginning of the 21st century and the recognition of the fact that there will be no return to the situation before February 24, 2022, i.e. before the start of Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine – in its relations with the United States, NATO and Japan. The thirty-year era of generally constructive, although not without problems, cooperation between Russia and the West has finally ended. Japan, which capitulated after the end of World War II, today, at the beginning of the 21st century, has found itself completely subordinated to American strategic interests in building a new world order in the Far East, and therefore its ruling circles are now taking the most active part in actions to contain Russia's influence in the world, in general, and in the Far East, in particular, preventing its rapprochement with China and helping to strengthen blocs of countries unfriendly to Russia in the Far Eastern region in the interests of the United States and its allies in this part of the globe.

Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.030

S.A. LYKOV Graduate student, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sector of the History of Political Philosophy, Department for Work in the Central and North-Western Federal Districts of the Department of Regional and Technological Work of the CEC of the United Russia Party, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA IN THE EUROPEAN GAS MARKET IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 20TH – BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY: POLITICAL ASPECTS

The article examines the role of Russia in the European gas market in the period from the middle of the XX century to the beginning of the XXI century, taking into account political aspects. The author emphasizes that natural gas is a key export commodity for Russia. The main thesis of the article is that energy security is becoming an important aspect of international relations, taking into account not only the guarantee of supplies, but also security in political, economic and infrastructural terms. Considering the history of relations between Russia and European countries in the gas sector, the author focuses on the importance of political decisions in the context of the Cold War and subsequent historical events. Thus, the main idea of the article is that the energy dialogue between Russia and Europe has a complex interaction that affects the political, economic and geopolitical stability in the region.

Key words: Energy diplomacy, energy resources, energy security, political aspects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.031

KH.Z. OKUDZHAVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

GLOBAL EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The digital transformation of public administration is a priority for the development of modern states. Digitalization makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of public services to citizens and businesses, as well as to increase the efficiency of the state apparatus.

The article analyzes the best practices of the introduction of digital technologies in public administration in various countries of the world, taking into account their geographical location, political system and possible historical prerequisites that influenced the successful development of e-governments. For comparison, Denmark is from the group of Scandinavian countries, South Korea is from Asia, the USA is from the American continent, the UAE is from the Arab world, etc.

The paper also identifies issues related to the digitalization of the public sector, including significant financial, personnel, technological and organizational challenges. The similarities and differences of the leading countries are revealed both in terms of the level of development of "electronic government" and "digital public administration", as well as in selected approaches and priorities in this area.

Key words: digital transformation, digital technologies, international experience, information systems, public administration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.032

PANG LU Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science of Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE INDO-PAKISTAN CONFLICT: A POLITICAL-HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS IN RESOLVING THE CONFLICT

India and Pakistan are an important n hub in South Asia, linking Central Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, and the ongoing conflict between the two countries has a negative impact on peace in the South Asian region. The article describes the history of the Indo-Pakistan conflict and examines the role of international organisations in resolving it. The author also examines the main causes of the Indo-Pak confrontation and establishes a causal link between the events of the 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999 conflicts and the current developments in Indo-Pak bilateral relations.

Key words: Indo-Pak conflict, India, Pakistan, conflict resolution, international organisations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.033

Yu.S. POPOVSKAYA Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTERESTS, GOALS AND STRATEGY OF CHINA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION

China has steadily strengthened its position in strategically important parts of the world, in particular, in the Indian Ocean region, where many important transport hubs are located. The article revels the geopolitical interests and goals of the China in the region, as well as its strategies.

The article shows that China's interests are officially reflected in the concept of "Community of Common Destiny", that is promoted as an alternative to the US-led world order. It is based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence, as well as the principles of multilateral relations, a fair and legitimate security system, the pursuit of open, innovative and inclusive universal development, the promotion of inter-civilizational exchanges and tolerance. Trade with African countries is another interest of China. Therefore, the main goals are to ensure the safety of trade routes and the looking for the alternative trade routes. To achieve the above goals, China is using the "One Belt, One Road" project.

The official speeches of politicians were studied to write the article. The author analyzed China's foreign policy in the Indian Ocean and in the region. The historical and sociological method was also used.

The work done by the author of the article allows to get clearer understanding of the situation in the region in order to build appropriate policy and develop relations with China and India, that if Russia's closest partners.

Key words: China, the Indian Ocean region, national interests, policy goals, strategy, One Belt, One Road" project.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.034

A.S. RYZHENKOV Expert at the Institute of Institute of Contemporary International Studies of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chief specialist-expert of the Russian House in Turkey, Moscow, Russia

THE TURKISH NATIONALIST ACTION PARTY AND ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS RUSSIA AND THE TURKIC STATES OF EURASIA

The article examines the far-right Turkish Nationalist Movement Party’s approaches to the foreign policy. Since 2018 it has been a part of the ruling alliance with The Justice and Development Party, headed by the country's President R.T. Erdogan. The Nationalist Movement Party is considered as main political actor in Turkey upholding pan-Turkic values in scientific and analytical literature. The Party’s attitude towards Turkic countries of the Eurasian space, Russia and Turkic peoples inhabiting our country are being researched on the basis of the Party documents and speeches of leading speakers over the last quarter of the century.

Key words: Turkey, Nationalist Movement Party, Pan-Turkism, Turkish parties, Turkish foreign policy, Russian-Turkish relations, Devlet Bahçeli.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.035

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC CORRIDORS OF THE ‘ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ INITIATIVE AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRC'S GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCE

The article analyzes the infrastructural and economic corridors of the Chinese One Belt, One Road Initiative (BRI) as a strategic tool for promoting China's geopolitical and geo-economic influence. The initiative was launched in 2013 and covers many projects designed to improve transport links between China and other countries. The introduction highlights the historical importance of the interconnectedness of territories, as well as the strategic need to create alternative routes for the transportation of resources.

One of the key goals of the BRI is to strengthen China's energy security, which is achieved by creating economic corridors such as the New Eurasian Land Bridge and the China-Central Asia-Middle East corridor. These corridors make it possible to speed up the delivery of goods and reduce costs, contributing to the economic development of the regions they cover. The article analyzes specific corridors: the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, which strengthens ties between the three countries and promotes economic cooperation; and the China-Central Asia-Middle East Economic Corridor, which connects China with the Arabian Peninsula and has played a significant role in infrastructure development.

The initiative's projects are funded through a number of financial institutions, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. The success of the BRI depends on political stability and economic cooperation in the priority participating countries, as well as on China's ability to overcome geopolitical challenges and competition in the international arena.

An important part of the article is the attention to environmental and cultural strategies aimed at sustainable development. It is also noted the need to create free trade zones and simplify customs procedures, as well as the potential of cultural exchanges to improve interstate relations. The initiative is seen as an opportunity for China to expand its influence on the global stage through economic and cultural cooperation.

In conclusion, it is emphasized that the success of the BRI will depend not only on financial and infrastructure investments, but also on the ability of countries to adapt to changing conditions and find a balance between economic development and geopolitical interests. This is the only way to ensure long-term benefits from the project for both China and the participating countries.

Key words: geopolitics, geoeconomics, infrastructure and economic corridors, Belt and Road Initiative, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.036

ZHANG QIAN Postgraduate student at the Center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH ISSUE IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA'S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION: REALITY AND STRATEGIC GAME

Since the Russian special military operation, the geopolitical landscape of the world has changed dramatically. And a new reality has emerged in the Nagorno-Karabakh region: the coexistence of conflict and reconciliation, and the first glimmers of peace in Nagorno-Karabakh. Behind this new reality is a three-level game, the final outcome of which will ultimately determine the future of the Nagorno-Karabakh issue. On the whole, an opportunity for a peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh issue has emerged, but a great deal of uncertainty remains.

Key words: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russian special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.037

S.A. SHPAKOVSKY Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND REGULATION OF MIGRATION PROCESSES: STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION

The article analyzes organizations whose activities are aimed at regulating various aspects of migration at the international level. Due to current situation in the world community and the strengthening of globalization, relations between countries have reached a new level, and migration has become one of the factors that influences the social, economic, demographic and cultural aspects of life of each state. Migration flows are increasing, and the number of people wishing to leave their homeland due to a number of factors (economy, social problems, martial law, etc.) is growing. Therefore, an important responsibility of any government of the state is the ability to correctly build a migration policy so that it is possible to manage migration processes. To help states implementing migration policies, a number of international organizations have been created. The goals and objectives of this organizations vary. The author attempted to structure various international organizations and their activities.

Key words: migration, migration processes, international organizations, migration policy.

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, People's Deputy of Russia, Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (1991-1993), Moscow, Russia

TERRITORIAL-POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF MODERN STATES

Based on the scientific and practical analysis of the author's public lectures and conversations in social networks on the problems of the development of modern models of federalism in the world, the article reveals the main sources of the process of stabilization of the political and legal foundations of the territorial-political structure of modern states. The characteristics of the development of ethno-federalism in the USSR are given. An attempt is made to identify and substantiate the role of modern federal relations in ensuring state stability of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russian federalism, Soviet ethno-federalism, modern models of federalism in the world, federal relations, territorial-political structure, political and legal institutions, destabilization.

REVIEWS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.039

I.A. ARZHANOV PhD (Political Sciences) Graduate of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

BOOK REVIEW: GROMYKO, AL.A. (ED.). (2023). EUROPE IN GLOBAL REASSEMBLY. MOSCOW: VES MIR, INSTITUTE OF EUROPE PUBL., 508 P. (IN RUSSIAN)

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 8 (108), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Golovetsky N.Ya., Demetradze M.R., Rakitina P.E. Mary Baker's Christian Science as a Source of Formation of a Religious-Feminist Trend

Kargin E.A. Theoretical Foundations of Religio-Political Nexus in the Concepts of Civilization by J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin

Bulygin F.V. Traditional Values as a Component of the Political Culture of Modern Russia

DOMESTIC HISTORY

Volkov V.V., Astafyev N.V. S.Yu. Witte as an Ideologist of the Bourgeois Development of Russia

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Kabytkina I.B., Yashkova T.A. Mechanism of Personal Socialization and its Role in Patriotic Education of Students

Lenkov D.A. Use of the Potential of Civil Society Institutions of Modern Russia in the Implementation of State Policy on Preserving and Strengthening Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Vyatkina E.O., Gladyshev D.Yu. The Armed Forces are the Mainstay and Guarantor of the Stability of Political Power and the Social System

Morozov I.L. Terrorism and other Forms of Non-State Politically Motivated Violence – the Problem of Demarcation by Tactical and Ideological Components

Lavrenchuk A.A. Interaction of Political Institutions to Ensure National Security

Pasternak S.V. On the Question of the Content of the Concept “Military Organization of the State”

Arabov B.I. Threat and Impact of Corruption on Society and State Security

Komar I.V., Makarov A.V. Mathematical Modeling of the Mobilization of Supporters During the Election Campaign

Mamaev E. Comparative Characteristics of Social Programs of Political Parties: CPRF, "New People", "Just Russia", LDPR

Saadulaeva P.I. Civil Control of Formation of Public Opinion in Politics on Internet Media Platforms

Statsenko I.M. Party Competition in Modern Democracy: General Characteristic Trends and Some Private Party Projects

Nurov B.A. Migration Factor in Tajikistan’s Participation in the Development of the Chinese Belt and Road Project

Pescherov Yu.G. International Cooperation in Environmental Safety and its Political Aspects

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Aliyev Sh.O. Features and Stages of Formation of Migration Policy in the Russian Federation

Pogorelskiy D.M. State Policy to Counter Ethnopolitical Extremism: Basic Principles and Directions of Implementation

Zhirnov P.L., Grigoryan D.K. On the Question of Anti-Russian Sanctions Policy

Chuvikin S.G., Pachina N.N. Approaches to the Study of Ensuring Public Safety by Executive Authorities

Umatov A.K. Features of the Development of Effective Public Administration in the New Uzbekistan

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Mikhaylenko A.N. Private Military and Security Companies in the Modern World

Ruban L.S. The Migration Crisis in the Global World and its Consequences the Consequences

Dubrovina O.V., Bykov I.A. Soft Power and Branding: Methods and Opportunities

Skvortsov Ya.L., Kazaryan G.I., Kurilkina E.A. Hybrid Warfare: NATO's Information Strategies and Challenges for Russia

Ramich M.S. Methodology of Analysis of Global Competition USA and China

Kim Juyeong. Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea on the Development of the Arctic Region

Kochetkov A.P. On the Strategy of Ensuring Russia's Geopolitical Security in the Face of Confrontation with the Collective West

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part II)

Grigorian S.S. The Interests of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Syrian Conflict

Lapshakov G.S. Historical Policy of Japan During the Meiji Period: an Example of Banknotes Issued in 1873

Danelyan T.O. History of the Study of US Foreign Policy at the Beginning of the XXI Century: Russian School

Semenov N.S. About the Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Aspects of the Implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" Initiative in the Post-Covid Era

Turganbek Nazym. Climate Cooperation and Low-Carbon Development in Eurasian Economic Union

Zhou Yanan. China's Fortign Policy in Central Asia Countries in TR 21st Century: a Survey of Main Scientific Research Works

Sibirkin P.D., Medvedko S.L. The Impact of the US Presence in Afghanistan on the Security of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2001 to 2021

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

Medvedev N.P. International Conflicts and Multipolarity of the World Order

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.001

N.YА. GOLOVETSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Faculty of Economics and Management, Krasnogorsk Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Principal Researcher, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, University of World Civilization, Moscow, Russia

P.E. RAKITINA Student, Faculty of Economics and Management; Krasnogorsk branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Krasnogorsk, Russia

MARY BAKER'S CHRISTIAN SCIENCE AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF A RELIGIOUS-FEMINIST TREND

The work is dedicated to the activities of the American creator of Christian Science, Mary Baker. The topic is quite original, but at the same time little studied in domestic science. First of all, the essence of her innovation aroused interest, since religion is not considered a science, while its role is not disputed. And indeed, the history of mankind shows that there can be peoples without a homeland, but there are no people without religion. Therefore, Eddie's Christian Science theme will always be at the center of attention across generations and nations. The objective of the work is to identify the essence of Christian science and the methods on which it relies, as well as to clarify the question of which direction of creationism it belongs to. During the study, we did not identify any scientific methods, but at the same time, strengthening the role of women's feminism and the equality of its participation in the practice of religious activity is an indisputable fact. Today, Mary Baker has followers, however, they cannot repeat the effect that she had in her practice. The phenomenon of her treatment remains secret, which arouses interest in her personality. The work uses a sociocultural methodology of interdisciplinarity, which is revealed on the basis of cultural, legal, social anthropology, revealing the religious approaches of Christian Science Mary Baker. The work is of interest to cultural scientists, political scientists, social anthropologists, religious scholars and all those interested in this topic. Addie was the author of numerous books and articles that had a significant impact on American culture and thinking. Christian Science became one of the largest new religious movements in American history. Eddie's teachings on the power of the mind and spiritual healing challenged traditional ideas about religion and medicine.

Key words: christian science, Christian feminism, creationism, evolutionism, Mary Baker, Christian, magnetism, happiness hormones, DUF120, Holy Spirit.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.002

E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF RELIGIO-POLITICAL NEXUS IN THE CONCEPTS OF CIVILIZATION BY J. ARNASON AND A.S. PANARIN

The article compares the notions of religio-political nexus in the works of J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin. This is an attempt to include the works of the Russian thinker in the context of modern civilizational analysis, for which the relationship between religion and politics is a key theme. The author identifies common and special points with the help of logical and comparative analysis of the most relevant works of the two scholars. J. Arnason and A.S. Panarin have different theoretical backgrounds, but pay attention to similar problems and have a number of similar provisions. A.S. Panarin did not work directly with the concept of “civilizational dimension of societies”, but paid attention to the changes of the “axial age”, which gave rise to the problem of religio-political nexus, “great” and “little” traditions, orthodoxy and heterodoxy. Both authors consider the forms of interrelation between religion and politics as distinctive features of civilizations, which expands the field for comparative studies. The authors see this interrelation as relevant in the conditions of modernity, which allows them to expand the field of comparative research to modern societies. A.S. Panarin noted economic power in addition to spiritual and political power. Nevertheless, the scholar attached crucial importance to the relationship between the first two in the case of “axial” civilizations. In comparative studies J. Arnason focuses on different variations of sacralization of power, while A.S. Panarin identified the correlation of ethics inherent in each type of power in different civilizational contexts. Also, A.S. Panarin paid much more attention to the study of the areal of Eastern Christianity.

Key words: civilizational analysis, “axial age”, religio-political nexus, spiritual and political power, sacral rulership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.003

F.V. BULYGIN PhD student of the Chair of Political Science of Moscow State Pedagogical Unuversity, Moscow, Russia

TRADITIONAL VALUES AS A COMPONENT OF THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF MODERN RUSSIA

The author, exploring the problems of forming a new value-targeted model, as one of the components of the modernization of Russian society, came to the following conclusion. In recent years, the Russian Federation has been under tremendous pressure from various supranational structures that adhere to the liberal paradigm of the development of society and broadcast their narratives to most of the world population.

In this regard, a window of opportunity opens for Russia to modernize the approach to education and education, as well as lay the basis for forming a roadmap for the implementation of the foundations indicated in legislative and by-laws that take into account spiritual and moral principles and take into account traditional values, the origins of which are in conservative political thought opposing the Western liberal standard.

Key words: Russia, traditional values, national security, political ideology, spiritual and moral attitudes, society.

DOMESTIC HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.004

V.V. VOLKOV Doctor of Economics, Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Humanitarian and Socio-Economic Disciplines of the Military Institute (Railway Troops and Military Communications) of the Military Academy of Logistics and Technical Support named after. A.V. Khruleva, Saint Petersburg, Russia

N.V. ASTAFYEV Independent expert, cadet of the Military Institute (Railway Troops and Military Communications) of the Military Academy of Logistics named after A.V. Khrulev, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.Yu. WITTE AS AN IDEOLOGIST OF THE BOURGEOIS DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA

The article examines the ideological concept of S.Yu. Witte, which was an organic link in the chain of development of the state ideology of bourgeois modernization of Russia. This model can be characterized as a system of liberal nationalism, in which such liberal values as freedom, private property, market relations, law, constitutional representation and self-government are realized through the mechanisms of industrial nationalism. S.Yu. Witte's program was oriented toward accelerated development, which, in turn, inevitably led to significant intersectoral gaps between agriculture and industry, as well as between the economy and the political sphere. All this was expressed in the political struggle of S. Yu. Witte against representatives of landowner circles. During the period of growing revolutionary situation, the measures that the government of S.Yu. Witte took to form favorable public opinion in support of the government with the help of the official press did not bring significant results.

Key words: S.Yu. Witte, state ideology of bourgeois modernization of Russia.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.005

I.B. KABYTKINA Associate Professor, Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of General Education Disciplines Russian state university of justice, Moscow, Russia

T.A. YASHKOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor at the Department of Philosophy and Sociology Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

MECHANISM OF PERSONAL SOCIALIZATION AND ITS ROLE IN PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the problem of the functioning of the mechanism of socialization of personality and its role in the patriotic education of students. The concept of patriotism is considered and its place in the system of spiritual and moral values in modern Russia is determined. The theoretical foundations of the mechanism of personality socialization, its main structural elements and conditions of implementation are analyzed. Practical recommendations aimed at improving this mechanism are formulated. The authors conclude that the position of a true patriot is formed in the process of the complex impact of the mechanism of socialization of personality, in which educational and educational means, methods and techniques play an important role.

Key words: patriotism, the mechanism of socialization of personality, spiritual values, identity, education, students, citizen.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.006

D.A. LENKOV Deputy Director of the Center for Scientific and Methodological Support of State Cultural Policy and Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation”, Moscow, Russia

USE OF THE POTENTIAL OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS OF MODERN RUSSIA IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY ON PRESERVING AND STRENGTHENING TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES

This article is devoted to the participation of civil society institutions in the implementation of state policy on preserving and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, determining the main areas of activity, as well as assessing the place and role of public institutions in the process of preserving and strengthening traditional spiritual and moral values. The relevance and necessity of forming a unique, domestic model of civil society, as well as the diversity of forms of joint work of the authorities and civil society in solving one of the main tasks of the Russian political system - ensuring the free harmonious development of the individual, providing each citizen with opportunities for creative development and self-realization based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values are considered.

Key words: preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, civil society institutions, culture, socially oriented non-profit organizations.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.007

E.O. VYATKINA Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation", Deputy Director for Academic and Methodological Work of the Institute of Open Education, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Moscow, Russia

D.YU. GLADYSHEV Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation" student of the Institute of Open Education, Moscow, Russia

THE ARMED FORCES ARE THE MAINSTAY AND GUARANTOR OF THE STABILITY OF POLITICAL POWER AND THE SOCIAL SYSTEM

Within the framework of this article, the armed forces and their importance in state and political power and ensuring the stability of public life are considered. The relevance of the research comes from the need for a comprehensive study of the practical aspects of the interaction of the system of political power and the armed forces, which are at the center of political relations. Not being an independent subject of interaction, the army acts as a specific social institution on which political power constantly relies. The armed forces and the government, both state and political, are in unity, since the functioning of the armed forces is impossible without leadership from the authorities, and the exercise of authority is not possible without a law enforcement institution. The history of ancient times shows that numerous wars are perceived by society as a natural and necessary process that changes the social system.

Key words: government, political power, political conflicts, army, armed forces, social system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.008

I.L. MOROZOV Member of the expert council on countering the ideology of terrorism under the anti-terrorism commission in the Volgograd region, Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

TERRORISM AND OTHER FORMS OF NON-STATE POLITICALLY MOTIVATED VIOLENCE – THE PROBLEM OF DEMARCATION BY TACTICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS

Having entered the stage of activation, the international terrorism is currently one of the most urgent threats to the security of an individual, society and the state in any position of the nation, which poses a scientific problem of determining the measure of counteraction to it. Terrorism is the most aggressive, but unpredictable socially dangerous phenomenon. The objective of the article is to determine the tactical and ideological tendencies of modern terrorism, allowing to distinguish it from such categories as extremism, radicalism, insurgent people's liberation movements – for the development of more targeted programs with it. The methodological basis of the study is a systems approach to the assessment of the phenomena under study, structural and functional analysis of modern terrorist activity as additional elements of tactical and ideological nature, linguistic and semantic analysis of empirical materials. The author comes to the conclusion that among the characteristic features of terrorist ideology, popular among other radical views, the image of the enemy, readiness for unlimited human sacrifices, refusal of any forms of compromise with political competitors, understanding of victory over the world is reduced to a gradual military fighter, but at the same time terrorists have no clarity about the future world order, eclecticism and logical inconsistency in political views are dominant. The author notes that in order to counter the terrorist threat in Russia, a national idea is needed that can fill the ideological vacuum, the framework of which can be such components as Eurasianism, patriotism, traditionalism. However, the affirmation of a generally accepted economic idea in the public plan is impossible without solving urgent problems of a more general kind – a socio-economic order based on nihilism, passive paternalism, characteristic of a significant part of Russian society.

Key words: terrorism, extremism, radicalism, sabotage, insurgent movement, national liberation struggle, ideology, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.009

A.A. LAVRENCHUK Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTERACTION OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS TO ENSURE NATIONAL SECURITY

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of ensuring national security in the course of interaction of various kinds of political institutions. The analysis of the features of the content and evolution of the concepts of «political institution» and «national security» in the light of Western and domestic historical experience is carried out. The actual aspects of the study of the designated topic in Russian and foreign science in the context of the crisis of the existing system of international relations and its broad transformation are revealed. It is concluded that through the consolidation of state and civil bodies, political parties and social movements, favorable internal and external conditions are created for the realization of the national interests and strategic priorities of the Russian Federation, expressed in achieving a decent quality and standard of living of its citizens, sovereignty, state and territorial integrity, sustainable socio-economic development of the country.

Key words: national security, Russia, political institutions, XX century, XXI century, state, political parties, social movements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.010

S.V. PASTERNAK Chief Specialist, Center for Countering the Ideology of Terrorism and Prevention of Deviant Behavior in Education, Sevastopol, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT “MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE”

The article is devoted to the topic of the content of the concept “military organization of the state”. The study of the phenomenon of “military organization of the state” is a relevant topic in the context of the modern world, where geopolitical factors and military conflicts have a significant impact on the course of historical events.

Governance during wartime is a complex task that requires institutions to be flexible, efficient, and able to adapt to rapidly changing conditions. The high efficiency of government structures in these conditions plays a decisive role in ensuring national security and ensuring the well-being of citizens. In light of modern challenges and threats, the study of the military organization of a state becomes extremely important for understanding and ensuring stability on a global scale.

The transition from the peaceful organization of the state to the military organization of the state involves a set of state and military control bodies, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies created in wartime, special formations that form its basis and carry out their activities by military methods, and defense- industrial complex of the country, whose joint activities are aimed at preparing for armed defense and armed defense of the Russian Federation.

Key words: war, military conflict, military doctrine, armed conflict, military organization of the state, public administration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.011

B.I. ARABOV First Vice-Rector for Youth Affairs and Spiritual and Educational Issues, Oriental University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

THREAT AND IMPACT OF CORRUPTION ON SOCIETY AND STATE SECURITY

Corruption has a negative impact on all major institutions of the state. Systemic corruption undermines the authority, trust and support of democratic institutions and laws. Scientific approaches are presented that corruption is a dangerous factor that has a negative impact on the development of any state and society, a complex socio-political and economic phenomenon that threatens all countries, and that any manifestation of this negative situation puts society on the brink. destruction. The influence of corruption on the state in the economic, legal, institutional and social spheres is analyzed, as well as the fact that as a result of corruption, the international authority and prestige of the state was seriously damaged, and as a result, the implementation of a number of planned investment projects was also hampered.

Key words: corruption, political decision, public decisions, democratic culture, democratic laws, social behavior, moral values, governance system, national security, violence, political extremism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.012

I.V. KOMAR Specialist of the Information Technology Center of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

A.V. MAKAROV Administrator of the program «Internal Policy and Leadership» of the Faculty of Public and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE MOBILIZATION OF SUPPORTERS DURING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Mobilizing supporters is one of the most important technologies of any election campaign. The election results largely depend on how effectively a candidate will be able to attract and activate his supporters. In the context of ever-increasing political competition and a saturated information environment, the ability to organize and mobilize voters is becoming a key factor in winning the election race.

In this paper, the technology of mobilization during the election campaign is considered, as well as its addition through a predictive model.

Key words: internal politics, voter mobilization, modeling.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.013

E. MAMAEV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROGRAMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES: CPRF, "NEW PEOPLE", "JUST RUSSIA", LDPR

The article provides an analysis of the solution to the social issue in the programs of Russian parliamentary political parties. A comparison of pre-election social programs (2021) was made and it was concluded that not all parties in power have a social program. An analysis of the content of the election programs of the parties “United Russia”, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, “A Just Russia”, and “New People” was carried out. The most substantive is the program of the United Russia party, the second most substantive is the program of the new parliamentary party “New People”. When comparing the solution to the issue of pensions by parliamentary parties, it was revealed that specific proposals are also available in the programs of the two parties “United Russia” and “New People”. The LDPR program does not have a social section or specific proposals. The largest social program was recorded by the A Just Russia party, but just like the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the A Just Russia party proposed proposals for solutions to pensions and social policy in general, divorced from reality. A conclusion is drawn about the important role of social policy programs for the political future of parties and the need to adjust the program in accordance with the needs of society and socio-economic and political realities.

Key words: social programs, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, “A Just Russia”, “United Russia”, “New People”, pensions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.014

P.I. SAADULAEVA Postgraduate student, Department of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

CIVIL CONTROL OF FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION IN POLITICS ON INTERNET MEDIA PLATFORMS

The purpose of the article is to analyze the need for civil control in the field of public opinion formation regarding political processes on Internet media platforms. The study used such methods as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, deduction. The results of the study show that today the diversity, versatility and objectivity of the information broadcast are of the greatest importance for society. This necessitates civil control over what kind of opinion the media forms among the public regarding ongoing political processes, which will not allow manipulating public opinion and will contribute to the truthful and unbiased transmission of information by Internet media. The conclusions are that in recent years, citizens have begun to pay more attention to attempts by online media to form a certain opinion on pressing issues, but as a rule, such citizens are famous people or opinion leaders. Thanks to them, we can say that a certain basis for civil control in the area under consideration has already been formed in our country, although it is still far from perfect. At the same time, it is noted that such a system can only be effective if it is actively supported by the general public. The higher the level of civil activity demonstrated by citizens of the country, the fewer opportunities the authorities, the media and political actors will have to manipulate public opinion.

Key words: public opinion, politics, political processes, online media, civil control.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.015

I.M. STATSENKO Graduate student of the Institute of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel of the Pyatigorsk State University, specialty Political institutions, processes, technologies; deputy of the Duma of the resort city of Zheleznovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Russia

PARTY COMPETITION IN MODERN DEMOCRACY: GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC TRENDS AND SOME PRIVATE PARTY PROJECTS

The article contains a political analysis of political and party competition in modern democracy, which creates the best conditions for the competition of parties, and which at the same time is a product of political and party competition. Based on a combination of actionist and structural approaches to competition in the context of the democratic process, common characteristic essential and process trends of competition, as well as factors that stimulate it in modern conditions, are identified. The actionism of the all-Russian parliamentary party “New People”, which increased its position in the presidential elections of March 2024, is being investigated as private competitive practices. The specific meaning of programs and activities of the party as the implementation of responsible public policy in the general space of party competition in the modern Russian Federation is summarized.

Key words: democracy, party, party competition, multiplication of competitive resources, “New People” party, social projects, responsible politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.016

B.A. NUROV Applicant, Department of Demographic and Migration Policy, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION FACTOR IN TAJIKISTAN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE BELT AND ROAD PROJECT

This article examines the cooperation between China and Tajikistan, considering different variables, including the participation of Dushanbe in Belt and Road Initiative as well as the migration factor. The article analyses how Tajikistan can profit from Belt and Road initiatives, stating that the profits are both economical and political. China can provide security for Tajikistan and also give stimulus for domestic reforms, though it can be seen as the violation of the Tajik sovereignty. The article dives into the issue of migration, revealing that much of the workforce goes to the neighboring Russia and Kazakhstan, making it harder for Tajikistan to develop the Chinese projects, as it lacks proper amount of the workforce. Thus the article concludes that it is better for Tajikistan to reform its migration system and curb the migration flows, focusing instead on developing the Belt and Road Initiative projects and strengthening its positions in the region, both politically and economically.

Key words: Tajikistan, China, politics, economics, migration, Belt and Road Initiative, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.017

YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND ITS POLITICAL ASPECTS

The article examines international interaction in the field of environmental security taking into account its political component. Different countries’ strategies and approaches to environmental protection are examined in detail, with a particular focus on the Arctic as a region where environmental risks are closely intertwined with geopolitical interests. Economic mechanisms of environmental regulation are studied, including environmental risk insurance, environmental taxes and fees, and environmental certification systems. An analysis of the role of international organizations, particularly the Arctic Council, in addressing global environmental challenges and coordinating the efforts of different countries was carried out. Attention is emphasized on the environmental challenges associated with military-industrial complex facilities, access to which to carry out environmental monitoring is often limited. Critical environmental issues are addressed, including problems of water pollution and degradation of natural landscapes. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the ineffectiveness of existing approaches to reclamation of degraded lands. Prospects for international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development are identified, highlighting the need to form national strategies for environmentally safe production processes. Differences in the approaches of the Arctic countries to environmental security issues were identified, which found reflection in the national doctrines and strategies of the states of the region. The lack of a unified definition of Arctic environmental security is noted, which creates obstacles to forming a coherent policy in this area. The political aspects of international environmental cooperation are examined, including the use of environmental issues as an instrument of political influence. Issues of climate change adaptation and their impact on the ecological security of the Arctic region are studied. Innovative approaches to environmental monitoring are presented, including the use of satellite technology and artificial intelligence to assess environmental risks. The importance of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic in maintaining the ecological balance of the region and the need for the active involvement of representatives of indigenous communities in the development of environmental security strategies were identified.

Key words: Environmental safety, international cooperation, Arctic, sustainable development, environmental regulation, global environmental issues.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.018

SH.O. ALIYEV Postgraduate student of the Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Department of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Moscow, Russia

FEATURES AND STAGES OF FORMATION OF MIGRATION POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of the formation of migration policy in the Russian Federation and the stages of its development. Methods: analysis, generalization, formalization, specification. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the modern migration policy of the Russian Federation was formed under the influence of historical prerequisites, in particular such as the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of new borders on the territory of the country, which was previously united, as well as the aggravation of various conflicts. In addition, three main stages of the formation of migration policy in Russia were identified. Conclusions: the current stage of development of domestic migration policy is characterized by the fact that the state has taken a course on modernization of the economy, in connection with which priority is paid to attracting highly qualified workers. In addition, for the first time, attention began to be focused on such an aspect as the need to adapt and integrate migrants.

Key words: migration, migration policy, formation of migration policy, migration processes, labor migration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.019

D.M. POGORELSKIY Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

STATE POLICY TO COUNTER ETHNOPOLITICAL EXTREMISM: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION

In the context of global turbulence and socio-economic challenges, the number of threats to national security and internal stability of Russian society has increased. The article examines the state policy of countering ethnopolitical extremism, which is a threat to interethnic harmony and the stability of ethno-confessional relations. Based on an analysis of the current legislation, the author notes that Russia has formed its own political and legal approach to countering extremist manifestations, including those of an ethnopolitical nature. This approach emphasizes the protection of state sovereignty and public security, which influences all areas of public policy. The author pays special attention to the status of entities implementing state policy, after which proposes to expand the list of entities and to include civic institutions and individuals.

Key words: ethnopolitical extremism, radicalism, state policy, ethnic policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.020

P.L. ZHIRNOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Management and Psychology Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF ANTI-RUSSIAN SANCTIONS POLICY

The article analyzes the anti-Russian sanctions policy that has been observed since 2014, as well as the sanctions policy in connection with the special operation in Ukraine. The theoretical component of the definition of sanctions is also considered in detail. The articles study the countries that have applied sanctions packages against Russia. In conclusion, the consequences of the sanctions imposed are considered, as well as steps to strengthen the financial and economic position of the Russian Federation on the world stage and domestic markets.

Key words: sanctions, types of sanctions, international legal sanctions, EU sanctions, EU sanctions packages, US sanctions package, consequences, methods of counter-sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.021

S.G. CHUVIKIN Postgraduate student, Department of Sociology, Lipetsk State Technical University; Head of the Anti-Terrorist Security Department, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, Russia

N.N. PACHINA Doctor psycho. sciences, professor, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, Russia

APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY BY EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES

The purpose of the article is to consider the main scientific approaches to the study of public safety by executive authorities.

Theoretical analysis of scientific literature, descriptive, comparative methods and the method of comparative analysis were used in the study of systemic, integrative and political-legal approaches.

The analysis of the activities of both law enforcement and civil executive authorities ensuring public order and public safety is carried out; the basic principles of a systematic approach to the study of public safety by executive authorities within the framework of the political process are identified; the basic principles of an integrative approach to the study of public safety by executive authorities within the framework of the political process are investigated; the main political and legal determinants for the study of ensuring public security by executive authorities within the framework of the political process are identified; to consider the priority directions of state policy in the field of public security carried out by executive authorities.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the following elements were identified and analyzed in the structure of public security: subject, object, "anti-object", objective side and subjective side.

The materials and conclusions of the study can be used as methodological developments used in the preparation of curricula, in the process of teaching a course in the theory of law and the state, especially in sections devoted to executive authorities.

Key words: systemic approach, integrative approach, political and legal approach, executive authorities, public safety.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.022

A.K. UMATOV Independent researcher Institute of Social and Spiritual Research Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN

The article discusses the issues of new approaches to improving the public administration system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, trends used in the public administration system in the experience of foreign countries, unique models that can lead to positive results in this area, the experience of advanced foreign countries, improving the public administration system.

Key words: public administration, authorities, reform, civil society, effectiveness of reforms, concept, experience.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.023

A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, chairman, International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES IN THE MODERN WORLD

In the context of emergence of a new world order, the international situation is aggravating. This leads to an increasing need for security at global, regional and national levels. An effective tool in this regard can be private military and security companies that operate in complex conditions, including in zones of armed conflicts. Foreign experience shows that, with proper organization of their activities, PMSCs may contribute to the realization of a state’s national interests. It would be advisable for Russia to legislatively regulate the status of private military and security companies, as well as to participate in the development of the specialized international organization ICoCA, which is in need of reform.

Key words: new world order, private military and security company, zone of armed conflicts, soft and hard legal regulation, strictly governmental functions, PMC «Wagner», ICoCA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.025

L.S. RUBAN Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Head Researcher of Institute of the Socio-Political Researche of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

THE MIGRATION CRISIS IN THE GLOBAL WORLD AND ITS CONSEQUENCES THE CONSEQUENCES

The author of the article analyzes in detail the migration situation in the modern global world, both in quantitative structure and in the directions of its flows and receiving parties, examines the causes of the exodus of the population from one country to another, taking into account historical and socio-economic reasons, security problems, risks and threats, and the emergence of military and armed conflicts and their resolution, going through a post-conflict situation and restoring peaceful life. The author undertakes this analysis in comparison with the situation that developed 30 years ago in 1993. Comparative studies is used for analysis – a method of comparative analysis, historicism, content analysis of published scientific and official statistical materials and publications in the media. The methodology of this research work is a systematic approach that allows for a comprehensive study of the current migration problem, taking into account all existing factors and nuances. The events of a long time period (over thirty years) from 1993 to 2023 are considered in chronological order, highlighting the largest migration flows on various continents (African, European, Asian and American). It also examines how the influx of migrants affects the development of the Russian Federation, how it can be optimized to improve its impact on our country, and how it is possible to make the adaptation of migrants in Russia more comfortable and faster, taking into account the realization of all civil rights of migrants and refugees and their family members, and the influence of migrant workers more productive and positively influencing to our production sector, taking into account its needs, goals and objectives.

Key words: Refugees, migrants, Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) The United Nations, the International Organization for Migration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.031

O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

I.A. BYKOV Postgraduate student of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SOFT POWER AND BRANDING: METHODS AND OPPORTUNITIES

In today's era, as globalization processes gain momentum and competition between countries and companies becomes increasingly fierce, the concepts of "soft power" and branding are gaining greater significance. This study aims to analyze the potential interconnection between these phenomena and identify possible ways to enhance "soft power" through the use of branding elements. The article provides recommendations on using branding elements as part of the soft power methods system.

Key words: soft power, branding, national brand, corporate brand, international influence, image attractiveness, marketing tools, public diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.026

YA.L. SKVORTSOV PhD in Sociology, Dean of the Faculty of International Journalism, MGIMO, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

G.I. KAZARYAN Bachelor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E.A. KURILKINA Bachelor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

HYBRID WARFARE: NATO'S INFORMATION STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES FOR RUSSIA

The article examines NATO information strategies and their impact on Russia in the context of a hybrid war. The relevance of the study is due to the need to protect national sovereignty and information security of Russia. The main goal of the work is to analyze NATO information operations and develop countermeasures. The authors examined official NATO documents, including the NATO 2030 doctrine, and identified methods of disinformation and propaganda. The main objectives include studying the methods of information impact, assessing current protection measures and developing recommendations for strengthening them. In the course of the work, methods of comparative analysis and monitoring of the information space were used. The results of the study emphasize the need to consolidate the efforts of the state and civil society to counter external information threats and improve the information literacy of the population. The authors' recommendations are aimed at developing national information platforms and strengthening international cooperation in the field of information security.

Key words: global politics, NATO 2030, hybrid war, information war, strategic concept, propaganda, disinformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.027

M.S. RAMICH Assistant Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); researcher at the RUDN University Center for Applied Analysis of Global Transformations, Moscow, Russia

METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL COMPETITION USA AND CHINA

The article focuses on the peculiarities of the methodology of analyzing the US and China's global rivalry. The article considers theoretical and applied methods of analyzing of the modern international relations system, including theories of international political science and assessment of quantitative indicators and composite indexes. The article illustrates how international relations theories can be used to analyze U.S.-China rivalry, including a special focus on neorealist theory, "power transition" theory, complex interdependence theory, world-system theory, and constructivist approaches. The article discusses various approaches to assessing the material capabilities of the US and China, including separate economic indicators and composite indexes for assessing material capabilities, military power, and complex influence. The author concludes that it is necessary to use a comprehensive methodology to analyze U.S.-China rivalry at the present stage, combining various theoretical and applied approaches.

Key words: US, China, power transition theory, complex interdependence theory, global governance.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.028

KIM JUYEONG PhD Student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC REGION

The article examines the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea in the Arctic and analyzes the impact on bilateral Arctic cooperation of such factors as the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of large-scale economic sanctions by Western countries after 2022.

The Russian Federation has identified the Arctic territory as a key region of national interest and announced a national development program for the region, among which the modernization of the Arctic sea routes, the development of cooperation in shipbuilding, resource exploration and scientific research are also in line with the national interests of the Republic of Korea, and the government of the Republic of Korea is developing cooperation with Russia in within its Arctic policy.

However, after Russia launched Special Military Operation in Ukraine in February 2022, the South Korean government joined Western countries in imposing economic sanctions. economic sanctions, South Korea has become an “unfriendly state” for the Russian government, and bilateral relations have deteriorated, putting Arctic cooperation at risk. However, diplomatic representatives from both countries said they were managing to prevent a complete breakdown in relations and expected ties to be restored in the future. The author focuses on the current state of Arctic cooperation and ways to overcome the crisis in Russian-South Korean relations caused by geopolitical reasons.

Key words: Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, International cooperation in the Arctic, Northern Sea Route (NSR), Development of Arctic resources.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.029

A.P. KOCHETKOV Doctor of philosophy, professor of the department of Russian politics, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ON THE STRATEGY OF ENSURING RUSSIA'S GEOPOLITICAL SECURITY IN THE FACE OF CONFRONTATION WITH THE COLLECTIVE WEST

Based on the analysis of the development and peculiarities of the current geopolitical situation, strategic approaches to ensuring Russia's geopolitical security in the context of confrontation with the collective West are considered. Attention is focused on the geopolitical interests and geopolitical threats of modern Russia, the mechanisms of ensuring its geopolitical security in the modern world.

To write this article, we used a systematic research method that allows us to consider geopolitical security as an integral, complexly organized organism in continuous interaction with the surrounding space. The application of the critical-dialectical method made it possible to analyze the geopolitical changes necessary for the implementation of geopolitical security in the new political conditions. The normative-value method helped to identify the most significant factors and values of modern Russian society, on the basis of which it is necessary today to form a system of Russia's geopolitical security.

As this study shows, in order to restore its status as a leading world power, it is enough for Russia to consider its own territory, as well as the territories of neighboring post-Soviet states, as a priority zone of its geopolitical interests, which will enable Russia to form a macro-region under its auspices and in the future remain one of the leading players on the world stage.

Key words: Russia, geopolitical security, geopolitical interests, geopolitical threats, geopolitical strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.024

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART II

Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.030

S.S. GRIGORIAN Postgraduate student Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE INTERESTS OF IRAN AND SAUDI ARABIA IN THE SYRIAN CONFLICT

This article highlights the problem of Iran and Saudi Arabia's involvement in the Syrian conflict. The Syrian conflict has not lost its relevance since the beginning of the Arab Spring. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the reasons for the involvement of the Islamic Republic and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the civil war in Syria.

The article analyzes the events since the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, as well as non-state actors who are supported by Iran and Saudi Arabia in order to satisfy their interests. The role of the geopolitical factor, namely the expansion of influence in the Levant region, was also emphasized.

The author also considers possible scenarios in case of success of one or the other side in the framework of the Syrian crisis, which may lead to a change in the balance of power in the Middle East region.

Key words: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Hamas, Hezbollah, Iraq.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.032

G.S. LAPSHAKOV Assistant Department of Sociology of Political and Social Processes, Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Saint Petersburg, Russia

HISTORICAL POLICY OF JAPAN DURING THE MEIJI PERIOD: AN EXAMPLE OF BANKNOTES ISSUED IN 1873

The Meiji period, during which Japan experienced modernization, was not only the beginning of its economic successes, but also a time of great trials. The radical transformation of the old social order and Westernization required the new government to make significant efforts to maintain its own legitimacy. Historical narratives played a key role in these efforts. The article examines a specific instrument of Japan’s historical policy during the Meiji period: the historical and mythological images on a series of banknotes issued in 1873. Since the number of images that could be placed on banknotes was limited by the number of their denominations, the choice of specific historical scenes for these purposes provides valuable information about the ideology of the state that approved their use.

Key words: Politics of memory, Historical policy, National identity, Japan, Meiji Restoration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.033

T.O. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF US FOREIGN POLICY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY: RUSSIAN SCHOOL

In this article, the author analyzes the history of the study of US foreign policy by Russian experts since the twenty-first century, the change in US foreign policy after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the influence of the United States on the formation of a new look of the world order. Geopolitical areas that subsequently became elements of the new US strategy in the Eurasian space, and which predetermined the further expansion of the US in Eurasia.

Prerequisites and tasks that contributed to the emergence of the Russian school of studying US foreign policy and their main directions of study, taking into account US foreign policy objectives and their correlation with the interests of Russia. The goals that interest Russian authors, and the achievements that the vision of US foreign policy reveals.

The change of administrations of the White House and their influence on the general concept of US foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century are studied separately. Their ideas, views and tools, and their revealed application by different US Presidents in different regions of the world. The article also takes into account the gradual formation of new outlines of the world political system.

The article, through the works of various Russian authors, also analyzes the area of interests of Russian experts, taking into account the interests of Russia itself, as one of the powers of Eurasia, which also influences the formation of political and economic relations on the continent, and through this analysis, areas of conflict of interests of the United States and Russia are revealed.

Key words: US foreign policy, Russian school of study.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.034

N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ABOUT THE GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" INITIATIVE IN THE POST-COVID ERA

Despite the fact that the global reach of the "One Belt, One Road" projects currently provides significant potential advantages, some Western powers are watching with great suspicion its tendency to establish spatial control over a new, China-oriented global economic structure and an alternative political system. The article notes that in modern international relations, Western powers and even economic blocs such as the European Union do not have comparable means and capabilities to economically neutralize China's strengthening and even "contain" it militarily. This article examines the dynamics of relations between China and South Asian countries, China and the EU in the post-Atlantic world. In this context, China bears less resemblance to the Soviet Union during the Cold War, since it does not seek to confront the West either militarily or even ideologically. The current tension in relations with China The current tension in relations with China Arises rather from the lack of opportunities for the West to effectively compete with the gradually dominant Chinese economy. Thus, the Western assessment of "One Belt, One Road" usually or implicitly comes from a position of perceived economic and structural weakness, rather than real threats emanating from "One Belt, One Road".

Key words: geopolitics, Belt and Road Initiative, China, USA, European Union, Africa.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.035

TURGANBEK NAZYM Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Public Policy Department, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia

CLIMATE COOPERATION AND LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT IN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Nowadays the climate agenda and low-carbon development are important thematic directions of interstate cooperation in EAEU. However, the relations development on climate issues among member states of the integration has been observed relatively recently, starting from 2021. The purpose of this article is to assess the current state of climate cooperation and low-carbon development in EAEU by 2024. The author analyzes the institutionalization process of climate issues in the EAEU. Thematic regional documents that were approved as well as key practical measures were under consideration. Special attention is paid to the analysis of prospects of the carbon units common market formation in EAEU space. In addition, it is noted that EAEU member states follow pragmatic approach in climate and low-carbon measures selection. Such approach meets the socio-economic interests of the member states of integration.

Key words: EAEU, climate change, low-carbon development, sustainable development, carbon neutrality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.036

ZHOU YANAN Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science of Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S FORTIGN POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA COUNTRIES IN TR 21st CENTURY: A SURVEY OF MAIN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORKS

Central Asia is located in the central part of the Eurasian continent and has rich natural resources, which determines its important position in the international arena. New challenges of the 21st century, caused by cardinal changes in world politics, changes in the geopolitical situation in the Central Asian region have made it necessary for China to pursue a more active foreign policy in Central Asian countries. At the same time, the Central Asian vector of China's foreign policy attracts the attention of scholars from different countries. The purpose of this article is to review the main research works of Chinese, Russian, Central Asian and Western scholars on China's foreign policy in Central Asia. The article shows the research priorities of scholars engaged in analysing China's foreign policy in Central Asia.

Key words: China's External policy, Central Asia, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.037

P.D. SIBIRKIN Postgraduate student, Russian State Humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia

S.L. MEDVEDKO Senior Researcher, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Russian State Humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE US PRESENCE IN AFGHANISTAN ON THE SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN FROM 2001 TO 2021

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States began to view Uzbekistan as a potentially key partner in Central Asia. Among the states bordering Afghanistan, it was the largest country economically and politically. After the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, there was an active rapprochement between Washington and Tashkent, when the latter provided its territory for the American Operation Enduring Freedom. The United States set the task of expanding its influence in the region through soft power. This implied providing some assistance in the field of governance, education, and healthcare. However, these processes were accompanied by the introduction of pro-Western media, NGOs, and political parties, which ultimately led to a cooling of American-Uzbek relations and the withdrawal of US troops from Uzbekistan. Objective: to analyze the evolution of US relations with Uzbekistan during the presence of American troops there, to consider the factors influencing security in Central Asia, as well as the reasons that led to the withdrawal of troops and a decrease in the level of interaction between the two states.

Objectives: to identify the reasons for the establishment of friendly relations between the United States and Uzbekistan during Operation Enduring Freedom, their cooling after 2005 and then restoration again under President B. Obama; to consider the specifics of interaction between Washington and Tashkent under D. Trump, ending with the period of withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan.

Methods: chronological, comparative, empirical and analytical.

Conclusions: Despite the attempts of the United States to establish close ties and friendly diplomatic relations with Uzbekistan, the interests of both parties turned out to be completely different. Tashkent counted on technical assistance from the United States in modernizing the Uzbek economy. Washington demanded that Uzbekistan carry out reforms and democratize the political system. In addition, Tashkent was unable to properly resolve the problem associated with the presence of terrorist organizations, extremism, and drug trafficking in the country. At the same time, in Uzbekistan during the rule of Presidents B. Obama and D. Trump, there were periods of weakening of these phenomena, but after the withdrawal of American troops, a new round of instability was noted in the country.

Key words: USA, Russia, Uzbekistan, Central Asia, NATO, SCO, terrorism, regional security.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.108.8.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS AND MULTIPOLARITY OF THE WORLD ORDER

The article, prepared on the basis of the author's scientific and practical reflections in social networks, attempts to give a forecast characteristic of the process of globalization in the context of the struggle of the majority of states in the world to strengthen their sovereignty and form on this basis a new multipolar world. Assumptions are made about the emergence of new sources of international conflicts.

Key words: unipolar world, multipolar world order, international relations, globalization, sovereignty, international conflicts.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 6 (106), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Golovetsky N.Ya., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Economic Anthropology: a Guide from Human Nature

Melnikova I.V. Philosophical Intentions of Metamoden and Modern Political Values: Theory VS Practice? (Part 2. Results and Reflection)

Legostaev I.A. Civic Consciousness: the Concept and Strategic Importance in the Formation of a National Idea

Obidin M.V. Civilizational Approach in Modern Russian Political Science and International Politics

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Sviridenko E.A. Development and Transformation of the Teachings of Nil Sorsky in the Works of his Associates in the 16th Century

Sibiryakov M.N. The Birth of a New Theatre and its Influence on the Everyday Life of the City of Yakutsk in the Conditions of Revolution and Civil War

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. Main Periods of Evolution of Kurdish Studies in Russia

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Tumanyan G.V. Citizens' Attitude to Participative Technologies of Modern Public Administration

Khugaev Z.T. The Political Identity of the Youth of the North Caucasus Federal District: an Analysis of Research Approaches

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Amiantov A.A., Rabadanov I.R. Political and Legal Aspects of Parliamentary Activity on the Approval of the Government of the Russian Federation in Modern Conditions

Mazhnikov V.I. The Phenomenon of Information Waves and Fake News in the Modern Media Sphere

Amiantova I.S., Zaporozskiy E.V. The Manifestation of Right-Wing Populism in the State Party System

Vikulina S.V. The Recruitment Channels and Career Paths of the Members of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th Convocation

Kuz S.I. The Nature of the Role of the Municipal Leader (Based on the Example of Moscow)

Kozin A. Comparative Analysis of National Models of Using Big Data in the Electoral Process of Developed Countries in 2017-2022

Larikhin A.V. The National Idea of Modern Russia in the Discourse of the Political Elite

Lu Xiao. Grassroots Democracy as the “Conductor's Baton” of Xi Jinping's Policies

Pronin K.K. Democratic Ideas: the Evolution of Theoretical Models

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Nazarov A.D., Nazarova E.A. Contemporary Trends in the Development of Arctic Tourism in the Russian Federation: Social and Legal Aspects

Surma I.V. Challenges and Threats of Artificial Intelligence Technologies as a Universal Tool for Socio-Political and Economic Transformation of Modern Society

Barabanova T.V. The Educational Policy of Russia in the Third Decade of the XXI Century in the Context of the National Security Strategy

Shulga E.P. The Impact of Migration to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug on the Economy and Population Structure

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Stepanov S.A., Shaaban L. The UAE’s “Soft Power” in the Context of Energy Resources’ Diversification on the Example of the Masdar City Project

Melikova Z.E. Geopolitical Aspects of Relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Russian Federation

Tao Zilong. Analysis of Foreign Diplomatic Strategy of Kazakhstan under President K.-Zh.K. Tokayev

Li Qian. The Evolution of China's Approach to UN Peacekeeping

Al- Khaledi Moohialdin Mohammed Ahmed. Diplomatic Means and Methods of Dispute Settlement in Yemen

Danelyan T.O. The 2003 US and Allied Invasion of Iraq and their Geopolitical Goals

Sporshev A.M., Khodyreva A.A. Capabilities and Ambitions of Finland and Sweden in the Field of NATO Nuclear Deterrence Policy

Li Ziman. Regional Public Goods as a Tool to Strengthen Security Co-Operation after SCO Enlargement

Chacran A.A. The Question of the Independence of African States in the International Arena under the Intervention of Western Powers

Adohounde Yaovi Sylvestre, Agonnoude Bidoley Vianney Freddy. Foreign Policy of the Republic of Benin: History of Development and Modern Trends

Zhao Yan. Achievements of China’s Environmental Supervision System after Reform and Opening Up

Chalan Said Farhan. Russian-Iranian Understanding in Syria and its Impact on the Geostrategic Situation in the Middle East

Shao Jianina. Positive and Negative Factors in the Formation of Sino-Indian Relations in the 21st Century

Elimkhajiyev R. Taiwan as a Factor of Transformation of International Relations Between the USA and China: Theoretical and Methodological Aspect

Birinci E. The State of Israel in Soviet Foreign Policy in the Middle East During the Cold War

Liang Weihang. Analysis of the Biden Administration Strategy Towards China in the Middle East

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. Party Systems and Duverger's Laws: on the Question of Theory and Practice

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.001

N.YA. GOLOVETSKY Candidate of Economics, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Krasnogorsk Branch of the RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Krasnogorsk branch of the RANEPA, Professor of the UMC, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student Institute of Political Institutions and Processes University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY: A GUIDE FROM HUMAN NATURE

Exploring the structure of the economy, its role in the development of society, it is necessary to understand what is the basis of its natural essence, why innovative processes, scientific and technological progress and modernization are associated with a transforming economy. All this requires clarifying the origin, determining the origins, which are impossible without turning to anthropology. But it is possible to understand the economy rationally only if it is revealed what meaning its creators – ancient societies – laid down. The economy has the same natural nature as human social and cultural demands associated with the desire of people to create vital conditions, to improve the spatial environment, without which the social organization of the human way of life is not formed. Initially, the benefit was not associated only with material wealth, but meant well-being, benefit for all as a symbol of happiness and justice. Initially, the benefit was not associated only with material wealth, but meant well-being, benefit for all as a symbol of happiness and justice. Therefore, the identification of the principle of anthropocentricity, i.e. the determination of the economy by human nature, is the main purpose of this article, as well as the establishment of the reasons for its deviation from the socio-cultural vector that occurred as a result of the Neolithic revolution. The topic is revealed on the basis of economic, social and cultural anthropology. The work is of scientific and practical importance and may be of interest, in particular, to politicians, economists, sociologists, since the originally set socio-cultural vector of the economy and its universal values, which are of lasting importance, should not be lost.

Key words: economics, economic anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, benefits, needs, indices, sociocentricity, universal well-being, sociocultural methodology, social norms, social order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.002

I.V. MELNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian History, Sociology and Political Science, Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky", Omsk, Russia

PHILOSOPHICAL INTENTIONS OF METAMODEN AND MODERN POLITICAL VALUES: THEORY VS PRACTICE? (PART 2. RESULTS AND REFLECTION)

The problem of the relationship between paradigms of thinking and political values is of great interest to modern social and humanitarian sciences. The aim of the study is to compare the metamodern declared by intellectuals and cultural bearers with the one actualized in political practice. Metamodern claims the status of a new paradigm of thinking. Paradigms are born before their embodiment in political discourse, but the current political process is, in our opinion, the highest manifestation, a way of embodiment and objectification of the general intentions of a particular cultural era, since it is a concentration, a point of the most complete implementation of ideas. We believe that the criterion of "actualization in political practice" acts as a kind of test of the strength of a particular intellectual trend, especially one claiming the status of a new paradigm. Metamodernism as an intellectual trend, articulated for the first time in the 2010s, is an insufficiently studied phenomenon, especially in the context of studying the axiological foundations of modern political processes. The sphere of social and humanitarian knowledge seems specific due to value-based and ideological conditioning in one form or another. For this reason, in our study of the designated problem, we resort to a proportionate methodology corresponding to the object and subject of political and philosophical reflection: in line with the axiological approach, we use the method of phenomenological reduction, which allows us to describe, rather than mechanically dissect (analyze) phenomena, gradually discovering meanings, eidetic essences of political experience, finding a correlate in consciousness and expressing it discursively. The result of the study were the conclusions obtained in the process of comparing what is declared in theory with what is actualized in practice, according to which, in our opinion, the status of metamodernism as a new paradigm cannot be discovered.

Key words: paradigm of thinking, modernism, postmodernism, metamodernism, political values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.003

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS: THE CONCEPT AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE IN THE FORMATION OF A NATIONAL IDEA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of civic consciousness, its key components and strategic significance in the formation of a national idea. Civic consciousness is a set of values, attitudes and behaviors that reflect conscious and active participation of individuals in the life of the state and society. It includes such components as legal culture, political activity, patriotism, social responsibility and tolerance. The development of civic consciousness helps strengthen national unity, increase the level of trust between citizens and authorities, as well as create conditions for the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The topic is especially relevant in the setting of rapidly changing global conditions due to ongoing turbulence in global politics. One of the strategic objectives of the federal education system is to prepare the younger generation in the conditions of the new civic consciousness, emerging civil society in Russia.

Key words: Russia, civic consciousness, strategy, national idea.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.004

M.V. OBIDIN Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACH IN MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

This article is devoted to the consideration of popularization process of the civilizational approach within the Western and then Russian political science framework, as well as the influence of the civilizational approach on the modern international relations theory and practice. Author examine civilizational approach emergence context, approach further evolution as well as the evolution of the context of its application both in political science, policy and diplomatic practice and, as a result, its consolidation as a modern Russian post-ideology.

The purpose of the study is to identify the most problematic aspects of the civilizational approach and point out the danger of its long-term use as conducting political science research basis and an excuse for international policy.

The main author's conclusion is the statement that the civilizational approach danger lies in lack of possibility to build a fundamentally new system of international relations or management practices within the state – it only allows to justify their very necessity. Thus, its suitability for use by the political elite is lost at the moment of the final assertion of its own methodological sovereignty in science and the formation of an independent political course in practice.

Key words: civilizational approach, international politics, political science, history of political science, political methodology.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.005

E.A. SVIRIDENKO Postgraduate student, Faculty of Philosophy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE TEACHINGS OF NIL SORSKY IN THE WORKS OF HIS ASSOCIATES IN THE 16TH CENTURY

The article is devoted to identifying the key positions and concepts of the theological and political teachings of Nil Sorsky, continued by his students in the 16th century. Based on numerous sources, the contribution of Nil Sorsky to the Orthodox monastic tradition was demonstrated, the creation of a new image of the monastery in Rus', where the monks lived separately from each other, but gathered together during services. His students, such as Vassian Patrikeev and Maxim Grek, tried to adapt his teaching to the realities of power and public life. Non-possessors presented themselves as spiritual mentors, called upon to be moral teachers for Russian rulers. Thus, Vassian Patrikeev gradually moved away from the idea of parity and equality between the state and the Church, while trying to influence the ruler more. However, some researchers believe that following strictly spiritual principles is impossible and even harmful as a basis for government. Maxim the Greek sought to propose reforms to modernize ideas about power. Thus, he recognized, in addition to the right of inheritance, elections as a legal way of replacing the throne. He saw royal power as limited by divine and earthly laws, and the royal figure must also fight temptations and passions, limiting himself. His ideal was a vision of deliberative organizations at the throne, full of prudent people, protecting the ruler from bad decisions. Nevertheless, Maxim the Greek remained closer to the monastic calling than Vassian Patrikeev, who became more of a social and political figure.

Key words: Nil Sorsky, Maxim the Greek, Vassian Patrikeev, non-possessors people, politics, history, religion, Orthodoxy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.006

M.N. SIBIRYAKOV M.A. (History), Postgraduate Student Faculty of History M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

THE BIRTH OF A NEW THEATRE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE CITY OF YAKUTSK IN THE CONDITIONS OF REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR

The article is devoted to the little-studied problem in regional historiography of the state of theatrical life in the Yakutia at a beginning of the XX century. The author consecrates the difficulties experienced by theater troupes in the difficult conditions of the revolution, Civil War and post-war devastation. The article discusses the issues of the formation of the national theater and its contribution to the development of theatrical art in the region. The author explores the work of the first professional directors and actors, and the acting skills of amateur actors have been improving, which has become the basis for the further development of the theatrical business in Yakutia. The author concludes that, thanks to the work of the first professional theater, Yakut national drama has been established, and town residents have become acquainted with Russian classical drama. The work of the national theater has had a positive impact on the spiritual and cultural life of the city. Despite the difficulties of wartime, the work of theater and theater groups has not only continued, but has intensified their production activities.

Key words: theater, folk theater, professional theaters, amateur theater, Civil War, cultural policy, everyday life.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.007

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

MAIN PERIODS OF EVOLUTION OF KURDISH STUDIES IN RUSSIA

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) – a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the second part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.008

G.V. TUMANYAN Graduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; curator of the Digoria Expert Club, Moscow, Russia

CITIZENS' ATTITUDE TO PARTICIPATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Modern public administration often resorts to the use of participatory technologies in public decision-making processes. The need to introduce these practices is determined by the desire to ensure broad participation of citizens in making important decisions, increase trust in government and improve the quality of decisions made. That is why it is important to study public sentiment and follow social trends in the process of forming a portfolio of participatory practices at various levels of government.

As part of the study, an attempt was made to formulate an image of participatory practices that are most popular among citizens. The motives of respondents regarding participation in socio-political processes characteristic of civil society were recorded.

Key words: participation, participatory management, public administration, civil society, political motives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.009

Z.T. KHUGAEV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL IDENTITY OF THE YOUTH OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT: AN ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH APPROACHES

The North Caucasus is a macroregion that is difficult from an ethnic, cultural, political and political-psychological point of view. Global, national and local trends intersect here, and both national and autochthonous political traditions, including traditions of political self-identification of citizens, coexist. In the context of the development of youth policy and the system of civic and patriotic education, aimed, among other things, at "reconciliation" of civil unity and ethnocultural diversity, the issues of identity formation of the youth of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are being actualized. In Russian political science, several models have developed for interpreting the identity of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus, distinguishing between national-state (civil, national-civil) and ethnopolitical (including ethno-clan), regional and macroregional varieties of it. Their common element is the recognition of the multilevel nature of this identity, which is reflected, among other things, in the concept of the "identity portfolio". Today, the key from a methodological point of view is the distinction between civil and ethnopolitical types of identity, which has significant heuristic potential in the context of the multiethnic nature and historically preserved autochthonous culture of the North Caucasian Federal District in general and its individual regions in particular. At the same time, a number of researchers are currently moving from the positions of their opposition to their consideration as coexisting and complementary phenomena.

Key words: North Caucasian Federal District, youth, "identity portfolio", national-state identity, ethnopolitical identity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.010

А.А. AMIANTOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration Russian Peoples' Friendship University of the Patrice Lumumba, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, Moscow, Russia

I.R. RABADANOV a political scientist, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, specialist in international relations, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITY ON THE APPROVAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article examines modern parliamentary personnel practice, implemented on the basis of the constitutional reform of 2020, by appointment of members of the Government of the Russian Federation, examines modern political and legal aspects of the formation of the Government of the Russian Federation through the parliamentary procedures of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federation Council, State Duma, Government of the Russian Federation, parliamentarism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.011

V.I. MAZHNIKOV Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines of the Moscow, Financial and Industrial University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF INFORMATION WAVES AND FAKE NEWS IN THE MODERN MEDIA SPHERE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of information waves and fake news, as well as the justification for the study of these manipulative practices. The author suggests the hypothesis that today the main mechanisms of manipulation and dissemination of propaganda in the interests of social and political actors on the web are information waves and fake news. The basis for this scientific assumption is the facts of the increasingly active use of political technologies and various forms and mechanisms of manipulation by the mass media. The practice of modern political communication through the media is quite often carried out using manipulative information technologies and, above all, information waves and fake news. The article also highlights the main stages of fake news formation and establishes the main criteria for identifying information waves in the media sphere.

Key words: media sphere, social networks, information waves, fake news, manipulation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.012

I.S. AMIANTOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

E.V. ZAPOROZSKIY Fourth-year student, Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THE MANIFESTATION OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN THE STATE PARTY SYSTEM

This article analyzes the reasons for the growing popularity of right-wing populist movements in the modern world. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the essence of populism in the state political process on the example of the activities of the political party Alternative for Germany. Populism as a political trend is associated with the deep crisis phenomena that have engulfed Western European society, in the context of the migration invasion, the growth of euroscepticism, social contradictions and the confrontation of traditionalist and progressive values. The article shows that modern populist movements are able to integrate into the institutional framework of liberal democracy, while maintaining their anti-systemic rhetoric.

Key words: populism, right-wing populism, Germany, identity, democracy, refugee crisis, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.014

S.V. VIKULINA Graduate student of the Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE RECRUITMENT CHANNELS AND CAREER PATHS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STATE DUMA OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF THE 8TH CONVOCATION

The article presents the results of the research of recruitment channels and career trajectories of the members of the State Duma of the VIII convocation. The study revealed four main segments of the professional development of representatives of the deputy corps, classified into narrower areas; also positions preceding the election as a federal parliamentarian were analyzed. Based on the collected data, career trajectories were identified, which make it possible to form an idea of the current HR policy of five political parties, to identify the main characteristic features in terms of the development of their personnel potential.

Key words: political elite, deputy corps, State Duma, recruitment channels, career trajectories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.015

S.I. KUZ Post-graduate, Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE NATURE OF THE ROLE OF THE MUNICIPAL LEADER (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW)

As part of the study of the phenomenon of municipal leadership, the article provides an analysis of the nature of the role of a municipal deputy using the example of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. The author identifies several groups of roles of the municipal leader based on the tools of his interaction with the voter, communication with other actors in the socio-political process and the legal framework regulating the work of councils of deputies. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the fact that the conventional division of roles into formal, informal and mixed allows us to talk about such characteristics of a municipal leader as a combination of political and administrative activities, the multi-level nature of interactions and integration simultaneously into social, socio-political, economic, budgetary and financial life district. Work at the local level of government should be understood in this context as a two-component (consisting of formal and informal interactions) environment in which a deputy builds his political career. Such a coordinate system, in which the municipal leader is simultaneously a legislator and a business executive, an ideologist and a mediator, a mouthpiece of public opinion and a representative of public authority, can lead to a mismatch of roles, and, as a consequence, inter-role and intra-role conflicts, which determines the practical significance of the study.

Key words: local government, municipal leadership, council of municipal deputies, social role, political role, Central Administrative District of Moscow.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.017

A. KOZIN Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL MODELS OF USING BIG DATA IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN 2017-2022

Algorithms based on big data are now ubiquitous both in companies and in public services. Political parties are not immune from exploiting the traces left on the Internet by users or the socio-demographic data of the population. Since Dean's pioneering campaign in the 2004 Democratic primary and his election as chairman of the Democratic National Committee between 2005 and 2009, "the revolution has not been televised." Two major projects have been undertaken within the US Democratic Party: the creation of a national voter list to centralize databases held locally by federations, and the introduction of a new online election platform called Party Builder. Thus, through data collection, candidates have the technical means to pinpoint the geographic areas where it is most beneficial to maximize activity, including orderly door-to-door campaigning and thus more easily persuade the undecided and the abstainers. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of national models for the use of big data in the electoral process of developed countries in 2017-2022.

Key words: national models, big data, electoral process, comparative analysis, candidate.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.018

A.V. LARIKHIN Postgraduate student of the State Government Institution of the Republic of Mordovia «Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia» Saransk, Russia

THE NATIONAL IDEA OF MODERN RUSSIA IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE POLITICAL ELITE

The article presents the results of an analysis of the discourse of the modern political elite of Russia regarding the national idea of the country and its main components. A definition of the concept of “national idea” is given, and the main elite groups represented in the political spectrum of the country are considered. It is emphasized that the evolution of the elite’s views on the national idea and Russia’s role in the world has transformed depending on external and internal factors. Based on the traditional and formalized analysis of documents, systematic and comparative analysis, the main narratives of the Russian elite are identified, which form the basis of the national idea of the state: patriotism, orthodoxy and eurasianism, the increase of the Russian people, the restoration of a great power. In conclusion, it is concluded that the Russian elite’s ideas about the national idea of modern Russia have common trends, among which are strong leadership, support for national interests, patriotism, restoration of geopolitical influence, self-sufficiency and independence of the state.

Key words: Russia, national idea, elite, president, patriotism, national interests, eurasianism, orthodoxy, national identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.019

LU XIAO Graduate student of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and International Processes of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY AS THE “CONDUCTOR'S BATON” OF XI JINPING'S POLICIES

At the turn of 2010-2020, the concept of “democracy” was clarified in China – its conceptual explanation, practical interpretation and applied practice. The purpose of the article is to show what role grassroots democracy plays in the practice of political governance in modern China. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how the idea of “people's democracy – democracy of the whole process” arose, how it transformed into the political concept of “people's democracy in the whole process”, how it was justified by politicians and scientists who concluded that “people's democracy in the whole process” is “democracy in Chinese”. The author believes that, guided by this philosophy, China has carried out a series of essential reforms at the grassroots level, declaring and guaranteeing the real rights of the people to participate in decision-making, management and control of party and state bodies. The author believes that “people's democracy in the whole process” is the guiding principle of political governance under Xi Jinping, his “conductor's baton”. The article demonstrates the specifics of Chinese grassroots democracy, how the right of the people to participate in the affairs of the state and its control “from below” is really realized. The author takes into account the diverse scientific discourse of the problem under consideration and presents his own ideas characterizing the practice of political leadership and mechanisms for involving the population in the management of the country. A comparative analysis of Western and Chinese practices of political management and political opportunities of the population is carried out. There are two key conclusions of the author. First, he believes, it is time to put an end to the liberal monopoly on the right to determine the content of the concept of “democracy”, since it does not have a single model. Using any one of them as a criterion for measuring democracy is in itself undemocratic. Secondly, the author believes that “people's democracy in the whole process” is a unifying policy for China, when the participation of the people is the core of real democracy.

Key words: China, the Communist Party of China, people's democracy, personnel processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.013

K.K. PRONIN Post-graduate student of the Department of Philosophical and Social Sciences I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

DEMOCRATIC IDEAS: THE EVOLUTION OF THEORETICAL MODELS

This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of various theoretical models of democracy, which at a certain historical stage of human development reflected public perceptions of democracy and its forms. The purpose of writing this article is to identify certain patterns of development of individual democratic institutions, as well as to determine the essence of the phenomenon of democracy. When writing this scientific article, such theoretical methods of scientific research as system analysis, the method of analogy and the method of generalization were mainly used. The author places special emphasis on the fact that the philosophical and theoretical rethinking of democratic ideas is directly related to the state of social development and the level of consciousness of the masses at a certain historical stage of the development of society. The socio-economic development of society has largely contributed to the formation of the syndrome of individualism, independence and self-expression of personality. Subsequently, giving special importance to the freedom of choice of a particular person contributed to the historical transition of most modern civilized states to a democratic political system, which symbolized a new stage in the development of mankind as a whole.

Key words: democracy, theoretical model of democracy, democratic institution, individualism, freedom of choice.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.020

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.A. NAZAROVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCTIC TOURISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern socio-legal aspects and trends in the development of Arctic tourism, carried out by government bodies at various levels, which made it possible to increase the tourist flow to the Arctic in 2023 to 1 million people. Specific mechanisms of this activity are considered, the positive dynamics of the current federal and regional legislation in this area and promising areas for improvement in the context of sanctions from certain countries are noted.

Key words: Arctic tourism, domestic tourism, development of the tourism industry, regional regulation of tourism activities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.021

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES AS A UNIVERSAL TOOL FOR SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article shows that today digital and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies act as a universal tool for socio-political and economic transformation of modern society. The author notes that this process will significantly accelerate with the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and against the background of clear successes, generative artificial intelligence poses new serious challenges in the field of cybersecurity. This new technology could be used to create more sophisticated phishing messages and emails, as well as create opportunities for attackers to impersonate people or organizations, leading to an increase in identity theft or fraud. The proliferation of "deep spoofs" that create more realistic video, audio or image recordings can cause serious harm to States and organizations as well as individuals. The author notes that the potential for using GenAI technologies to manipulate and disseminate disinformation, as well as their use in the format of state cyberterrorism, including in the process of organizing and conducting color revolutions and political destabilization operations, is quite high.

Key words: artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, UN, threats to information security, cyberterrorism, generative artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.022

T.V. BARABANOVA Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg: Postgraduate student, Assistant at the Higher School of Media Communications and Public Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE THIRD DECADE OF THE XXI CENTURY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

Within the framework of this article, the author makes one of the first attempts to comprehend the educational policy of Russia in the context of informational confrontation and geopolitical challenges of the third decade of the XXI century. The purpose of the work is to determine the essential content of the concept of "educational policy" within the framework of the state's interest in the field of national security. The content analysis of the "National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation" adopted in 2021 showed that educational policy is considered as a set of goals and objectives of the state in relation to the functioning of the education system, based on the preservation of cultural sovereignty, historical and cultural heritage of the country, ethical bonds reproduced by the Russian world in civilizational social development. The study showed a high level of importance of educational policy in the system of strategic priorities, goals and measures in the field of domestic and foreign policy of Russia, on which the future of the state and the national security of the country depends.

Key words: educational policy, national security strategy, cultural sovereignty, ethical values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.023

E.P. SHULGA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Surgut State Pedagogical University, Surgut, Russia

THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION TO THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG ON THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE

The topic of migration is becoming more relevant day by day, not only scientifically, but also politically. Top officials of the state touch on this topic, conversations in the "kitchen" in society do not leave this topic alone. As a response to the unregulated flows of migrants in the country, radical movements and communities are emerging. Tension in society is growing, and all this requires scientific analysis. The purpose of the work is to analyze migration flows in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the early 20s of the XXI century, to understand the reasons for the opportunities for migrants. For this purpose, the author widely used materials from the All-Russian censuses and materials from demographic bulletins of the Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, materials from the press and online publications. The main research methods are comparison and graphical representation of data, which allows you to quickly assess the ratio of several values. Thus, having plotted the migration balance, the author comes to the conclusion that the outflow and influx of migrants is in no way related to political events, coronavirus restrictions or.

Key words: migration, population census, schedule, ethnic crime, migration policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.024

S.A. STEPANOV PhD professor, Department of the history and Law and public administration of the Law Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

L. SHAABAN PhD student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE UAE’S “SOFT POWER” IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY RESOURCES’ DIVERSIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MASDAR CITY PROJECT

In connection with the climate changes that humanity is facing, more and more countries are switching to the so-called renewable energy sources (RES), the UAE, which proposed the Masdar initiative, was no exception. As you know, this initiative includes a project to create a high-tech city – Masdar City, which is expected to involve high-tech developments and building materials that have a beneficial effect on the environment. According to preliminary forecasts, the materials that will be used in the construction of the city will help reduce energy and water consumption by 40%, which will undoubtedly have an extremely beneficial impact on the state of the environment in the fight against climate change. Among other things, the Masdar City project is an integral part of the UAE’s “soft power” in attracting “green investments” and creating a favorable image of the country around the world. In general, the construction of a “smart” city also fits into the implementation of the “Energy Concept 2050” of the UAE, according to which the UAE plans to increase the share of renewable energy in the country’s fuel and energy balance (FEB) up to 44% with a total investment of more than 150 billion dollars. Thus, the article proves the proposition that the UAE is unlikely to abandon the course taken to introduce renewable energy sources and thereby develop a “green” economy.

Key words: UAE, Masdar City, RES, diversification, “green” economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.025

Z.Е. MALIKOVA Associate Professor of Baku Slavic University PhD in political science, Baku, Azerbaijan

GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Azerbaijan, as a rapidly developing country, skilfully uses its economic and political opportunities to realize its national interests, as well as to strengthen its regional and global positions. In the context of foreign policy priorities, Azerbaijan is committed to the principles of peaceful coexistence and mutual partnership with all actors of international politics. In particular, taking into account geostrategic and geopolitical factors, Azerbaijan is developing strategic partnership relations with the leading actors of international politics, including its closest neighbor, Russia. The geopolitical aspects of the relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Russian Federation were investigated and comparatively analyzed in the article.

Key words: Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, foreign policy priorities, bilateral relations, geopolitical interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.026

TAO ZILONG Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY OF KAZAKHSTAN UNDER PRESIDENT K.-Zh.K. TOKAYEV

The study is devoted to the analysis of the foreign diplomatic strategy of Kazakhstan under President K.-Zh.K. Tokayev in the context of modern challenges arising in the global political arena. The author analyzes strategic decisions and strategic steps taken against their background, aimed at ensuring sustainable development and strengthening external relations of Kazakhstan. In the article, the author examines the dynamics of foreign policy relations, focusing on the interaction of Kazakhstan with strategically important states. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms by which Kazakhstan achieves a balance of interests with foreign policy partners, as well as to the study of the economic and political aspects of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2030. Such an analysis will help to understand Kazakhstan's approach to the formation of its foreign policy and identify key factors influencing the effectiveness of foreign policy diplomacy, which is the main component of Kazakhstan's diplomatic strategy.

Key words: Kazakhstan, foreign diplomacy, strategic partners.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.027

LI QIAN PhD Candidate, School of Word Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S APPROACH TO UN PEACEKEEPING

The purpose of this article is a historical study of China's position regarding UN peacekeeping over the past 33 years, the reasons and characteristics of these changes. The author points out that since the establishment of the PRC in 1949 and until now, with the increase in the power and international status of the PRC, peacekeeping activities, undergoing significant quantitative and qualitative changes, are acquiring an increasingly important role in the field of international peacekeeping affairs.

Key words: peacekeeping, the United Nations (UN), the People's Republic of China (PRC), ensuring peace and security, foreign policy, the international system, key power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.028

AL- KHALEDI MOOHIALDIN MOHAMMED AHMED Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

DIPLOMATIC MEANS AND METHODS OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN YEMEN

Diplomacy is a crucial aspect of political decision-making, as it addresses conflicts and crises between countries, strengthens international relations, and contributes to the formulation of foreign policy. It involves political negotiation and aims to bridge the gap between different countries' viewpoints through methods like negotiation, mediation, and good offices. Diplomatic efforts are especially valuable in managing political crises and conflicts, provided that negotiators understand their role and the responsibility they hold. However, in the case of Yemen, diplomacy has been ineffective in resolving the country's political conflict and the larger crisis, primarily because Yemeni negotiators have failed to comprehend and fulfil their responsibility towards their homeland.

Key words: Diplomatic means, negotiations, Yemen crisis, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.029

Т.О. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

THE 2003 US AND ALLIED INVASION OF IRAQ AND THEIR GEOPOLITICAL GOALS

In the article, the author reveals the invasion of the United States and its allies into the territory of Iraq in 2003 and its geopolitical goals, touches on the history of the issue, namely the presence of the United States in this region in the 20th century, during the Cold War, and what significance this region has in the context of foreign US policy in the early 21st century, and the influence of the geopolitical concept of "rimland" on US foreign policy in the 21st century. The author is also interested in the military-political steps of the United States and its allies in this region, which contribute to the establishment of American dominance not only in this region, but also the global dominance of the United States. How the United States uses the strengthening of its presence against the regional competitor and adversary of the United States – Iran, and what general strategies are used by the White House in the region to establish beneficial military-political relations with the countries of the region. How does the US presence in the region help counteract global players such as China and Russia, which also have their own interests there? In this article, the author uses analysis, logic and a systematic approach as methods that contribute to the study of this topic.

Key words: 2003 US invasion of Iraq, rimland concept, US geopolitical goals in Iraq, engagement strategy, containment strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.030

А.М. SPORSHEV Senior Lecturer at the Department of European and International Law, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

А.А. KHODYREVA Intern researcher at the scientific association "Arctic Community", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

CAPABILITIES AND AMBITIONS OF FINLAND AND SWEDEN IN THE FIELD OF NATO NUCLEAR DETERRENCE POLICY

The recent accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO has sparked discussion about changes in the countries' nuclear policies. The accession of historically neutral non-nuclear states affects the nuclear deterrence of the Alliance, which raises the question of how willing Finland and Sweden are to participate in it. The article analyzes the military potential of the peaceful nuclear industry, possible models of participation in NATO nuclear programs and operations, as well as the attitude of the public and authorities of Finland and Sweden towards nuclear weapons.

Key words: NATO, Sweden, Finland, nuclear control, nuclear weapons, international security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.031

LI ZIMAN Postgraduate student of Political Science of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, China

REGIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AS A TOOL TO STRENGTHEN SECURITY CO-OPERATION AFTER SCO ENLARGEMENT

The article examines the strengthening of security co-operation in the SCO with the accession of India, Pakistan and Iran. It discusses the deepening of security cooperation within the organisation by improving the mechanism of providing public goods in regional security. It is noted that public goods strengthen co-operation with other security mechanisms and enhance the role of leading countries China and Russia in regional security. The author uses the theory of regional public goods to analyse ways to enhance security cooperation. The significance of public goods of security cooperation within the SCO is analysed in the context of the problems of organisational positioning and institutional integration. Specific choices on how to deepen security co-operation in the SCO after enlargement are proposed, which provides new thinking for the sustainable development of the SCO. The results of the study show that deepening security cooperation is the most important goal of the organisation, and the demand and supply of public goods of regional security affect the development prospects of the organisation after enlargement. It is concluded that deepening security cooperation and improving the public goods of regional security can only bring the member states closer together and promote the better development of the SCO.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), security cooperation, regional public goods, membership expansion, regional security situation, Central Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.032

A.A. CHACRAN Independent researcher Republic of Benin, Cotonou

THE QUESTION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF AFRICAN STATES IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA UNDER THE INTERVENTION OF WESTERN POWERS

The article analyzes the changes in the status of African states in the international arena in the first quarter of the XXI century in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. The problem of ignoring the sovereignty of African states by Western countries and the threats that exist in this regard is raised. The possibility of transferring the issue of the sovereignty of African States from the sphere of international law to the practical plane of international relations is being considered.

Key words: sovereignty, independence, constitution, multipolarity, Africa, Western countries, Charter of the Imperialists, the United Nations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.016

ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia Cotonou, Benin

AGONNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the Department of Public Policy and history of state and law. Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia Cotonou, Benin

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN TRENDS

The article is devoted to the history of development and prospects for the foreign policy of the Republic of Benin, in the current geopolitical conditions. The main historical factors contributing to the development of the foreign policy of the Republic of Benin are considered. Strategic planning documents have been studied and current trends in the country's foreign policy have been identified. Particular attention was paid to the country's contemporary foreign policy discourse, in particular the statements of the President of the Republic of Benin, Patrice Talon, on issues of regional stability and political instability in Niger during his address to the nation in December 2023.

Key words: Republic of Benin, history of foreign policy, diplomacy, strategic planning, sovereignty, African continent, UN, ECOWAS, Niger, Patrice Talon.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.033

ZHAO YAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHINA’S ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION SYSTEM AFTER REFORM AND OPENING UP

In this article, the author analyzes the main contents of “China’s Environmental Supervision System” and explains the process of its development. The achievements of China’s environmental supervision system after reform and opening up mainly include three aspects: China’s environmental supervision system is becoming more and more perfect, the institutions and personnel of China’s environmental supervision are becoming more and more reliable, and the punishment for environmental violations has been continuously strengthened. In addition, based on the current new situation and the new progress in China’s environmental governance, the author believes that China’s current environmental supervision system still has shortcomings, such as the inability to coordinate the contradiction between environmental law enforcement and economic development in some areas, and the relatively backward enforcement capacity of environmental law enforcement in some areas.

Key words: China, environmental supervision systems, environmental law, environmental law enforcement, environmental management, results, problem.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.034

CHALAN SAID FARHAN Postgraduate studies of the Faculty of International Relations. Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIAN-IRANIAN UNDERSTANDING IN SYRIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GEOSTRATEGIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This article is devoted to the issues of interaction between Russia and Iran within the framework of their strategic cooperation in the Syrian crisis, as well as the directions of its influence on the development of the political situation in the Middle East region. The article analyzes the features of strategic Russian-Iranian interaction, their interests regarding influence in the region, features of participation in the Syrian conflict and positions on its resolution. An analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of Russian-Iranian interaction in the region is presented in the context of the specifics of the current state of the Syrian crisis.

Key words: Syria, Russia, Iran, Syrian conflict, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.035

SHAO JIANINA Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Supervisor: V.M. KAPITSYN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF SINO-INDIAN RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article analyzes the causes, influence of progressive cooperation between India and China, describes historical Indo-Chinese interrelations, on the basis of which grows military, economic and political interaction between the peoples of the two powers, lists the reasons, especially important for the mutually beneficial development of the states in the XXI century, provides Perspectives on the development of Indo-Chinese cooperation.

Key words: China, India, cooperation, reasons, historical prerequisites.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.036

R.ELIMKHAJIYEV Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

TAIWAN AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND CHINA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

Aim. Based on the materials devoted to the issue of Taiwan as a factor in the transformation of international relations between the United States and China, to identify the theoretical and methodological aspect of this issue.

Methodology. The key research method was a retrospective analysis and a comparative analysis of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China through the prism of the Taiwan issue.

Results. Based on comparative and retrospective analysis, it was revealed that the United States of America is actively operating on the position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for its own geopolitical purposes, but modernity reflects the possibility of a sharp change in the political situation on the world stage in favor of China.

Research implications. The obtained conclusions make it possible to use them in the modern scientific field to develop new scientific and political conclusions that can be taken as a basis for the formation of a particular geopolitical course.

Key words: Asian region, Republic of China (Taiwan), PRC, unofficial relations, USSR, USA, partially recognized state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.037

E. BIRINCI Candidate of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE STATE OF ISRAEL IN SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST DURING THE COLD WAR

This paper examines the intricate dynamics of Israel's position within Soviet foreign policy towards the Middle East, exploring the geopolitical strategies, ideological conflicts, and diplomatic maneuvers that characterized Soviet-Israeli relations from the early Cold War period to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Initially, the Soviet Union supported the creation of Israel, hoping to gain a foothold in the Middle East and counter British influence. However, as Israel increasingly aligned with the United States, The USSR began to distance itself from Israel, instead backing Arab states as part of a broader strategy to challenge American dominance in the region. Consequently, Soviet-Israeli relations became a barometer for the broader East-West rivalry, with diplomatic and military engagements in the Middle East serving as critical arenas for Cold War competition. During the 1980s, Soviet-Israeli relations were characterized by a complex interplay of hostility and tentative rapprochement. The early 1980s saw the USSR supporting Arab states and Palestinian groups against Israel, reflecting its anti-Western stance. However, Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika policies in the latter part of the decade led to a more pragmatic Soviet approach, aiming to reduce Cold War tensions and improve relations with the West, including Israel. This shift eased Jewish emigration restrictions and initiated diplomatic engagement, paving the way for full diplomatic relations in 1991.

Key words: Israel, USSR, Middle East, foreign policy, Cold War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.038

LIANG WEIHANG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This work is devoted to the analysis of the Biden administration’s competitive strategy against China in the Middle East, so the object of study is the US strategy in the Middle East. The purpose of our research is to determine the features of the current US administration's competitive strategy towards China and the ways of its implementation. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks were developed: the history of the evolution of US policy towards China in the Middle East. Contextual factors that led to this evolution; the current stage of the Biden administration's competitive strategy towards China in the Middle East and specific ways of its implementation.

Key words: USA, foreign policy, Middle East, China, international relations, regional and global studies.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.039

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

PARTY SYSTEMS AND DUVERGER'S LAWS: ON THE QUESTION OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article attempts to analyze the role of political parties and modern party systems in the modern political process. The features of the typology of party systems are revealed. The importance of developing a multi-party system and a party system in each country is emphasized, taking into account the political traditions and political culture of the society that have developed in the country.

Key words: party systems, modern political process, typology of party systems, functions of political parties, ideology, political culture, traditional culture.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 7 (107), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Arsenyan A.Z., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Socio-Economic Factors of the Genesis of Law and Politics

Ruzieva G.S. Historical and Political Roots of the Interrelationship Between Culture and National Security

Katorzhevskij P.N. Eurocommunism as a Factor in the Ideological Evolution of the Communist Movement

DOMESTIC HISTORY

Savostov G.V. The "Polish Question" of 1917-1918 in Relations Between Russia and Poland: Stereotypes and Phobias of Historical Memory Prevail (Historiographical Perspective)

Jiang Xiulin. The Spread of Soviet Cinema in China in 1949-1959

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Volkova A.A. The "Ecological Whirl" of the Period of "Perestroika": the Activities of Social Movements in the Struggle for Environmental Protection

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Pankov A.V. The Civilizational Strategy of Russia as a State-a Local Civilization in the Public Discourse of the President of the Russian Federation: a Civilizational-Elitist Approach

Emelyanov S.V. Cultural Policy in an Era of Cultural Difference

Rovinskaya I.V. The Social Dimension of Norway's "Welfare State"

Airapetyan D.A. Institutional Prospects of the Transition to Postcapitalism: Transformation of the State as a Subject of Power in the Era of Digital and Network Technologies

Klimentov S.V. Lipetsk Political Elite: Features of Excorporation

Saldin A.V. Methodological Approaches to Analyzing Regional Parties

Koshidko V.G., Yarmola D.A. Transformation and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Interaction Between Local Governments and the Population Through Internet Portals in the Republic of Crimea

Tarakanova S.M., Egorova A.V. Symbolic Politics as a Means of Visualizing Collective Identity

Musaev M.T. Political Basis for Fighting Ideological Threats in the Internal Affairs Bodies of Uzbekistan

Khugaev Z.T. Values of Youth in the North Caucasus Federal District: Research Overview

Hua H.H. Socialist Ideology with the Practice of Building Political Networks in Vietnam Today

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Lukashina E.V., Tsapina E.A. Artificial Intelligence in the Educational Process in the Context of Globalization

Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Analysis of Russia State Policy on Strengthening Traditional Ideological Values

Zhirnov P.L., Grigoryan D.K. Industrialization of Industry and Import Substitution under Conditions of Sanctions Pressure

Varnakova Yu.N., Noskova G.V., Khramtsov B.A. The 2008 «Soap Bubble» and its Repeatment in the Financial Market and Banking System of Russia in 2024

Kazakov V.E. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Political Analysis of the Impact of International Sanctions on Russia's Light Industry

Zhao Yan. Regulation of China’s Carbon Market: Policies, Issues and Recommendations

Yang Yuyuan. Development of Kakhalin Fuel and Energy Projects under Sanctions

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Vankovska B. US Geopolitical Grip on the Western Balkans: Spheres and Methods of Countering China’s Influence

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part I)

Ivliev I.I. India and Pakistan in Countering Terrorism in South Asia

Abramov I.O. The Lobbying Model in Japan and the Republic of Korea

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. The Role of Kurdology in Russia's Middle East Strategy at the Present Stage

Al-Khaledi Moohialdin Mohammed Ahmed. Developments in Yemen's Political Crisis after 2015: Reality and Causes

Danelyan T.O. The Evolution of the Concept of US Foreign Policy in the 21st Century

Zhbanov A.M. Contemporary Trends in Cybersecurity Policy of Major Powers

Novikov A.A. The Role of the U.S. Ethnic Lobbies in Formulating Politics Towards the Iran Nuclear Program

Polonchuk R.A. China's Military and Political Presence in the Red Sea Region

Khazipov I.I. Approaches to Political Mobilization by Green Parties and Eco-Activists in Europe

Shtark L.P. Technological Factor in US-China Geopolitical Confrontation

Liang Weihang. Analysis of the Biden Administration Strategy Towards China in the Middle East

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

Medvedev N.P. Sovereign States and Political Regimes: Theory and Practice

DEMANDS FOR MANUSCRIPTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.001

A.Z. ARSENYAN Doctor of Law, Professor Director of the Moscow Regional branch of RANEPA, Academician of the Academy of Security, Defense and Law Enforcement of the Russian Federation; Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation; RANEPA Professor, Professor of the University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations of the V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations (ANO VO "UMTS"), Moscow, Russia

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE GENESIS OF LAW AND POLITICS

It is generally believed that political science begins with Aristotle, the founder of political science, and the Greek polis by highlighting the forms of political government, and many provisions of Roman law are borrowed from the reforms of the Athenian legislator Solon. However, this is not true, it was during the Late Neolithic period that the contours of the natural nature of government and civil society were formed. The accumulation of practical experience in land cultivation in the prehistoric era contributed to the development of human economic activity, which created the prerequisites for the agrarian revolution. This stimulated the transition from a collective economy to a production economy. The fundamental basis of the agrarian and urban revolutions were economic factors. In the Neolithic era, four main sectors of the economy developed: agricultural, livestock, industrial and mining, which are crucial for both domestic and interstate trade. This means that the economy has emerged as an industry for satisfying vital human needs related to the provision of food, household goods and objects of social importance, and not as a means of making a profit. Therefore, during the same period, almost all the laws of economic policy were laid down, first of all, the law of dependence of supply and demand, the law of increasing demand, corresponding to the cybernetic laws of nature, the principles of anthropocentrism, etc. People's initiatives, their requests, which required the ordering of social space, determining the functions of human activity, production facilities, ensuring durability and family security, territory, etc. At the same time, prototypes of strata are being formed, new profiles appear.

Key words: egalitarianism, agrarian revolution, urban revolution, local self-government, genesis of law, genesis of politics, social organization, social order, economic sectors, civil society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.002

G.S. RUZIEVA Teacher, major of the department of special-professional sciences of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, major, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ROOTS OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND NATIONAL SECURITY

The relevance of the work is due to the emergence of new threats to national security in the context of globalization. The purpose of the work is to clarify the role of culture in ensuring national security. Dialectical and axiological methods were used in the study. The result is an analysis of the influence of various factors on national security. It is concluded that the cultural factor in modern conditions is becoming decisive in ensuring national security.

Key words: national security, ideology, immunity, society, task, relevance, threat.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.003

P.N. KATORZHEVSKIJ Postgraduate student of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

EUROCOMMUNISM AS A FACTOR IN THE IDEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

The article examines the main historical factors that made possible the emergence of Eurocommunism as a political and ideological phenomenon. This work also analyzes the main theoretical principles of Eurocommunism as a modification of communist ideology and analyzes the problem of the democratic transition to socialism. Based on the research methodology of Imre Laktos' scientific programmes, the author proposes a model of the ideological evolution of the communist movement, which makes it possible to predict the main tendencies of its further development, taking into account the Eurocommunist stage. The author concludes that Eurocommunism contributed to the expansion of the social base of Eurocommunist parties, the implementation of the democratic component in their political agenda, the reorientation towards parliamentary methods of struggle for power and the emphasis on the search for national paths to socialism.

The purpose of the article is to trace the process of formation of the ideology of Eurocommunism and identify its distinctive features.

Key words: democracy, Eurocommunism, ideology, historical compromise, party, polycentrism, Marxism, socialism, Stalinism.

DOMESTIC HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.004

G.V. SAVOSTOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History Patrice Lumumba RUDN, Moscow, Russia

THE "POLISH QUESTION" OF 1917-1918 IN RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND POLAND: STEREOTYPES AND PHOBIAS OF HISTORICAL MEMORY PREVAIL (HISTORIOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE)

The article attempts to present the author's version of the history of relations between Russia and Poland on the so-called Polish issue in a relatively meek but fateful period for the two countries and peoples in collections of archival materials based on an array of open data concentrated in historical and historiographical studies (in Russian, Polish, English). The Polish question, or as it is interpreted by flat historians, the "Polish case" in the period under review has truly become a matter of great world politics, in which all the largest countries and governments of the world have been involved, pursuing their own interests in various ways. Russia and Poland are the key, dominant subjects of the Polish question with a set of specific features that distinguish them from other subjects in their relations and in determining their destinies. The results of the analysis showed, firstly, signs of a stable methodological and conceptual weakness of historiographers of all countries working with this topic. And it is not the willingness of historiographers at the present stage to overcome the shortcomings of the previous methodology and offer a more balanced and balanced concept to explain the specifics of the epoch, the nature and nature of the historical process, the intentions, goals and objectives set by its subjects. Among the array of works on this topic, there are few authors who turned out to be objective, despite claims to be so, not biased by national or ideological ideologies. Or they tried to overcome their national exclusivity. And they avoided overestimating the role of national and ideological-political biases; secondly, the short-term solidarity of the revolutionary and socialist movement in Russia and the national liberation movement in Poland in order to jointly fight against their common enemy – the tsarist government. The phenomenon of solidarity has not lost its significance, but, as history has shown, in subsequent years solidarity has already become the main feature of the policy of anti – socialist and nationalist forces fighting against their common enemy – now the Soviet government and the Soviet government; thirdly, symptoms of striking resourcefulness in anti-Russian politics, in historical memory, in consciousness and behavior the ruling elite in the recreated Poland through the mediation and key role of Russia. The Polish elite failed to overcome these vices. Once again, these same stereotypes and phobias took over.

Key words: the Polish question, the First World War, the Petrograd Soviet, the Provisional Government, relations between Russia and Poland.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.008

JIANG XIULIN Candidate of PhD, Institute of Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; lecturer, Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute, Heilongjiang University Of Technology, Jixi City, China

THE SPREAD OF SOVIET CINEMA IN CHINA IN 1949-1959

After the founding of New China, the Central People's Government (CPG), based on the Communist Party of China (CPC), pursued a "unilateral" foreign policy and joined the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union. New China learned from the Soviet Union not only in political and economic aspects, but also in cultural aspects. In order to consolidate the new regime, unify the country's ideology and strengthen cultural leadership, the CPC studied and introduced the advanced socialist culture of the Soviet Union. Cinema, as a cultural form, played a huge role in enhancing national sentiment and strengthening national identity to consolidate cultural leadership due to its popularization, mass character and ease of implementation and promotion. The period of 1949-1959 was a period of friendly relations between China and the Soviet Union, with frequent cultural exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.

Key words: China, Soviet films, distribution, 1949-1959.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.005

A.A. VOLKOVA Specialist in the Department of History and Theory of Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE "ECOLOGICAL WHIRL" OF THE PERIOD OF "PERESTROIKA": THE ACTIVITIES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE STRUGGLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The article analyzes how social environmental movements developed in the Soviet Union. The author highlights the stages and the features of their activities during the period of "passive", "active" and "institutional" development. There are the factors that influenced their formation. The author presents the difficulties of the environmental movements on the path of nature protection and the reasons for the attenuation of the "ecological vortex" in the early 1990s. The process of politicization of environmental issues is considered. The purpose of the work is to determine the features of the formation of social environmental movements during the period of "Perestroika" and their role in political decision-making. The recognition by the State of the importance of taking into account the opinion of the public in solving and preventing environmental problems since 1986, and its involvement in discussing environmental issues since the end of 1989, was an example of one of the first victories of civil society in the fight against political decisions that could harm the quality of life of the people due to significant environmental degradation.

Key words: social environmental movements, environmental policy, environmental protection.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.006

A.V. PANKOV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE CIVILIZATIONAL STRATEGY OF RUSSIA AS A STATE-A LOCAL CIVILIZATION IN THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: A CIVILIZATIONAL-ELITIST APPROACH

The article presents an analysis of the presidential discourse and the strategy of conservative modernization within the framework of a civilizational-elitist approach. The conclusion is substantiated that the power discourse of Russia's political leader, President Vladimir V. Putin, has consistently been built in the direction of positioning Russia as a sovereign state – a local civilization. Having gone through periods of policy focused on pan-European values, democratic transit and integration with the West in the 90s of the twentieth century, since 2012, the power discourse has been building a civilizational strategy based on an understanding of the unity of Russian history, historical and cultural heritage and traditional values as the basis for Russia's strategic development and its national security, innovative development and political modernization.

Key words: presidential discourse, leader, conservative modernization, civilizational approach, civilizational-elitist approach, state-civilization, traditional values, new world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.007

S.V. EMELYANOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", St. Petersburg, Russia

CULTURAL POLICY IN AN ERA OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

Culture is a challenge to the established, and this circumstance often gives rise to a situation of dangerous uncertainty, requiring an adequate response and not only from representatives of the cultural community. Culture and state power were often antagonists. But not all trends in the development of culture are positive for society, therefore, in determining cultural policy, the dialogue between the authorities and society is always important, as well as the understanding by government representatives of the meaning of cultural phenomena for the formation of cultural policy. Russian society is a complex modern society with multidirectional cultural interests determined by a number of objective circumstances, which, with competent political leadership, are quite capable of performing constructive functions in the interests of the entire country, the integrity and peaceful development of Russian society.

Key words: cultural policy, modern era, dehumanization, postmodernity, discursive practices, narratives, framing, mass consciousness, manipulation, information singularity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.009

I.V. ROVINSKAYA Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF NORWAY'S "WELFARE STATE"

In the article, the author considers the Kingdom of Norway as a welfare state with implemented system of widespread redistribution of resources in order to achieve a high level of well-being for everyone. The political, economic, and social transformations of the 1950s and 2000s provided the Kingdom with socio-economic stability and sustainable economic growth. However, decreased attention and interest to social and economic support measures in the 2000s led to the system faced a number of crises and requires comprehensive reform in the 2020s. The author tries to identify aspects of welfare policy, systematize and characterize them. The author provides a general overview of the modern welfare policy of the Kingdom of Norway, its role and attitudes towards it from the Norwegian society and government. The author identifies areas where Norwegian welfare policy is in crisis. The crisis elements in the welfare policy indicate, at least, the need for increased attention and control from the government, and at most, the need to consider the option of comprehensive reform of the system.

Key words: welfare state, Norway, internal policy, social policy, socio-political discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.010

D.A. AIRAPETYAN Specialist of the laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal administration, postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the URIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL PROSPECTS OF THE TRANSITION TO POSTCAPITALISM: TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE AS A SUBJECT OF POWER IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the state as a key subject of power in the context of the transition to a post-capitalist formation, caused by the rapid development of digital and network technologies. The author examines the influence of digitalization and networkization processes on traditional mechanisms for the exercise of political power, as well as the emergence of prerequisites for overcoming the limitations of late capitalism and the formation of a new system of production and distribution of public goods. The paper provides specific examples of the impact of modern information and communication technologies on the processes of social coordination, public administration and political interaction. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the development of digital network technologies and the transformation of government entities, primarily the institution of the state. The author notes that technological changes generate a "digital network track" of the development of state institutions and predict two innovative models of further institutional evolution: "digital platform state" and "network state". Based on a comparative analysis, the author concludes that each of the models has the potential to overcome the contradictions of late capitalism and a gradual transition to a post-capitalist system, but none of the scenarios of the "digital network track" of state development is utopian and each of them has contradictions and risks of political failure.

Key words: digitalization, networkization, institutions, state, network platforms, AI, post-capitalism, political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.011

S.V. KLIMENTOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Science, ESU named after I.A. Bunin, Yelets, Russia

LIPETSK POLITICAL ELITE: FEATURES OF EXCORPORATION

The mayor, as the chief executive officer of the city, has a decisive role in the development of the municipality. The organization of the work of executive and representative bodies of local self-government, as well as the resolution of important issues related to infrastructure development, housing construction, and the city economy depend on its activities. In this regard, the activities of the mayor of Lipetsk Evgenia Uvarkina in her post are analyzed. Her arrival to the post of mayor was characterized by significant changes and trends that successfully shaped the life of the region.

The article also examines the most important information factors that played a negative role media image of Lipetsk Mayor Evgenia Uvarkina.

In conclusion, the main examples of the trend of horizontal mobility of the Lipetsk political elite are given, which are a characteristic trend for the region over the past few decades.

Key words: political elite, mayor of Lipetsk, features of excorporation, information replication, mobility trends.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.012

A.V. SALDIN Graduate student of the Department of Political Science at Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYZING REGIONAL PARTIES

This article examines existing theories that explain the emergence and electoral success of regional parties. Special attention is given to the distinctions between theories that explain the formation of regional parties and those that describe their electoral success. The author identifies four main theories: development theory, center-periphery theory, competition theory, and rational choice theory. Each theory offers different explanations for the factors influencing the success of regional parties, such as modernization, the political environment, or the ability to mobilize resources. The article emphasizes the importance of external (political, institutional, economic, and cultural) and internal (party organization, leadership, strategy) factors. In conclusion, the author argues that the electoral success of regional parties largely depends on their ability to adapt to changes and effectively utilize available political resources.

Key words: regional parties, electoral success, political theories, resource mobilization approach, political resources.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.013

V.G. KOSHIDKO Doctor of Historical Sciences, Proffesor of the Department of Regional and Municipal administration, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

D.A. YARMOLA Postgraduated student of the Department of Regional and Municipal administration, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE POPULATION THROUGH INTERNET PORTALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

This article is devoted to identifying the effectiveness of interaction between local government and the population through Internet portals in 2020-2024. The paper identifies the specifics, as well as the regulatory and legal framework for the functioning of Internet portals of local governments in the Russian Federation. The article proposes traffic analysis as a method of conducting an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of Internet portals, the data are supported by the analysis of the presence of basic characteristics. The results of the effectiveness assessment allowed to identify the transformation of interaction between local government and the population in the Republic of Crimea through the technology of Internet portals, as well as to highlight the real advantages and disadvantages. The conclusions of the article are aimed at the need for a systematic approach to the interaction between local self-government bodies and the population through modern information and communication technologies, as well as to eliminate the duplication of information systems while preserving the independence of local self- government bodies.

Key words: interaction of authorities and population, Internet portal, digital society, network communication, information technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.014

S.M. TARAKANOVA Graduate student Faculty of State Administration, Department of Political Analysis Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.V. EGOROVA Graduate student Faculty of State Administration, Department of Political Analysis Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

SYMBOLIC POLITICS AS A MEANS OF VISUALIZING COLLECTIVE IDENTITY

Symbolic acts are an important tool in the organization of political strategy. However, in studies of ways to influence the masses in the process of making unpopular political decisions, the focus was made only on discursive strategies.

This article aims to explore the role of symbolic politics in making unpopular political decisions, from a social unification perspective. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of symbolic politics and the principles of its application. To illustrate this, the author analyzes the government's strategy on influencing public opinion on the example of supporting the pension reform in the Russian Federation in 2018.

The author reveals that the strategy of symbolic politics in combination with the discursive strategy of "explanation" provides a more holistic management of public opinion. The leading role in this case is played by symbols corresponding to the ideas of collective identity. Collective identity also influences the formation of political discourse, giving a certain meaning to the contextual content of symbols.

In modern Russia, there is a trend towards the use of symbols that appeal to the heroic past and the national unity of ethnic groups, also new symbols are cultivated related to Russia's global role in preserving traditional values, public participation and the fairness of decisions.

A notable example of symbolic policy was the government's support for the pension reform in 2018: various media broadcast symbols that appealed to traditional values, demonstrated the polyphony and democratic nature of the government's work. Such a strategy has created perceptions of broad support and greater legitimacy for reform. However, its impact on the older generation of citizens turned out to be higher than on the youth who expressed dissatisfaction with the political decision. Thus, it is necessary to develop existing discursive strategies.

The main conclusion of the article is the importance of establishing new symbols, based on the symbol-forming role of collective identity, that can be understood by the general public in Russia.

Key words: symbolic politics, symbolic act in politics, unpopular political decision, national identity, collective identity, discursive strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.015

M.T. MUSAEV Independent researcher Institute of Social and Spiritual Research Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

POLITICAL BASIS FOR FIGHTING IDEOLOGICAL THREATS IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF UZBEKISTAN

This article is devoted to the political foundations of the fight against modern ideological threats in the era of globalization. Mechanisms for the formation of ideological immunity among employees of the internal affairs system of Uzbekistan. The author outlines the issues of forming ideological immunity as a basis for ensuring security and stability in society, and their relationship.

Key words: geopolitics, national idea, ideological threat, ideological vacuum, ideological immunity, security, terrorism, globalization, fanaticism, religious extremism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.016

Z.T. KHUGAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

VALUES OF YOUTH IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT: RESEARCH OVERVIEW

In the context of a complex variety of political, psychological, political and cultural qualities and properties of the inhabitants of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District, the problem of scientific study of their value foundation becomes relevant. In this context, the researchers pay special attention to youth as an original political generation with its own system of values and political ideas, orientations, images, attitudes and ways of self-identification. This article reflects the results of the analysis of theoretical models, methodological guidelines, methodological tools developed in Russian political science and empirical data collected with their help on this issue. The central place in the research of the values of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus is occupied by the political-psychological approach developed at the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University and formed the basis for a number of dissertation studies performed at the department. According to the results obtained, the images of power, political identity and other political and psychological properties and qualities of the inhabitants of the North Caucasian republics are largely determined by the value matrix. Researchers at South Russian universities have noted a value transformation, the result of which is a complex synthesis of traditionalist and modern values in the structure of political consciousness of North Caucasian youth.

Key words: North Caucasus Federal District, values, political consciousness, political psychology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.017

H.H. HUA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY WITH THE PRACTICE OF BUILDING POLITICAL NETWORKS IN VIETNAM TODAY

The article evaluates the impacts of socialist ideology on the construction and operation of political networks in Vietnam. This is also one of the most important factors, influencing the entire Vietnamese politics. Historical and institutional approaches are used to explain the relevance and specificity of political networks in a socialist country like Vietnam. Political networks are an inevitable development trend in an increasingly open society and increasingly emphasized democracy. Each country will have specific characteristics in the organization and operation of political networks. In a socialist country like Vietnam, the ideological factor also has unique values, it regulates the way a political network is formed and operates, regulates the composition of network nodes and the relationships between network nodes in the network, how they share resources and benefits... Accordingly, it is easy to see that the central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam with the foundation of socialist ideology is objectively seen as a unique element of current Vietnamese politics.

Key words: socialist ideology, socialist system, political networks, democratic values, Vietnam.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.018

E.V. LUKASHINA Lecturer of the Chair of Global Social Processes and Work with Youth, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

E.A. TSAPINA Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Associate Professor of the Chair of Romano-Germanic Languages, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

The article analyzes the problem of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the educational process in the context of globalization. The authors consider the possibilities of using online tools in the context of implementing a personality-oriented approach. It is noted that the use of neural networks and other AI technologies can contribute to improving the effectiveness of the educational process by personalizing interactions between the teacher and the student. Both positive aspects and bottlenecks are highlighted when using various online platforms, computer programs, online tutoring technologies and other AI tools in the educational process. At the same time, the authors note the contradictory attitude of society towards the active introduction of artificial intelligence into various spheres of social life, including education. As an empirical base, the data of a sociological study on the identification of the attitude of citizens of the Russian Federation to the development and use of neural networks, conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation in October 2023, are presented.

Key words: artificial intelligence, globalization, education, educational environment, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.019

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

ANALYSIS OF RUSSIA STATE POLICY ON STRENGTHENING TRADITIONAL IDEOLOGICAL VALUES

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of the strategies and initiatives implemented by the state in the framework of supporting and strengthening traditional ideological values in the Russian Federation. In the context of globalization and the active penetration of liberal ideas into the social structure, the importance of preserving national traditions and moral principles increases significantly. The study is relevant because it demonstrates how Russia faces the challenges of our time, striving to preserve its cultural ideological uniqueness. The main practical significance of the article is that it provides a detailed analysis of national strategies, such as the National Security Strategy and the Counter-Extremism Strategy. The results of the study can be used to adjust current and develop new government policies in this area.

Key words: traditional values, ideological policy, state strategy, national security, globalization, liberalism, Russian Federation, cultural uniqueness, social sustainability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.020

P.L. ZHIRNOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Management, Psychology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

INDUSTRIALIZATION OF INDUSTRY AND IMPORT SUBSTITUTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS PRESSURE

This article examines the development of import substitution policy in the Russian Federation, identifies the reasons for its appearance and justifies the need to reduce dependence on imported products. The analysis of the domestic market of subsequently imposed sanctions is carried out, the main problem areas and areas in which it is extremely difficult to implement an import substitution policy due to their complexity and insufficient financing are highlighted.

Key words: import substitution, domestic production, entrepreneurship, sanctions, economy, entrepreneurship support, national economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.021

YU.N. VARNAKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Management, Economics and Finance ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

G.V. NOSKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

B.A. KHRAMTSOV Master's student, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

THE 2008 «SOAP BUBBLE» AND ITS REPEATMENT IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET AND BANKING SYSTEM OF RUSSIA IN 2024

Introduction. The article provides a comparative analysis of the emergence of the 2008 «soap bubble» in the United States with the current situation in the real estate market in Russia through the prism of the formation of financial risks based on the use of preferential mortgage instruments. In the context of geopolitical instability, the stability of the financial system is the most important element of the comprehensive mechanism of national security. Preferential mortgages have a multifaceted vector of their influence on the socio-economic space and the financial sphere of the state. On the one hand, this instrument ensures the availability of housing for focus social groups of the population, and also stimulates the intensity of business processes in the construction market, the dynamics of which in turn has a key impact on the economic growth indicators in the country as a whole. On the other hand, the large-scale use of preferential mortgages creates significant risks for the financial system of the state, which can provoke crisis phenomena due to the generation of «soap bubbles». The paper presents the characteristics of preferential lending programs, changes in their terms by the Central Bank of Russia and the impact on the pricing of the real estate market. Preferential mortgages, despite their positive aspects in the form of increased housing availability for the population, can have negative consequences for the banking sector in Russia and will require balancing the benefits for borrowers with the interests of credit institutions.

Research goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to study potential risks in the financial system of Russia based on the analysis of the features of preferential mortgage lending. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved in the work:

– present the results of modeling the formation of a mortgage bubble in the American financial system;

– consider the features and evolution of preferential mortgage lending programs in Russia;

– conduct a dynamic analysis of key indicators of the housing construction market in the presence of preferential mortgages.

Research results. Based on the results of the work carried out, the authors presented the results of an analytical substantiation of the impact of preferential mortgage lending programs on the variability of risk probability in the Russian financial system.

Key words: inflation, key rate, preferential mortgage, subsidies, crisis, bubble, housing construction market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.022

V.E. KAZAKOV Director of Logistics at JSC "New Fashion", Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA'S LIGHT INDUSTRY

At the beginning of 2024, there is an escalation in the geopolitical situation characterized by the imposition of significant political and economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. These sanctions have a substantial impact on Russia's light industry, requiring the rapid substitution of foreign supplies with local production. The aim of this article is to define and classify theoretical and methodological approaches for performing a political analysis of the impact of Western sanctions on Russia's light industry. The article defines approaches and models of political economy, institutional theories, systems analysis, and path dependence theory. The presented critical assessments reveal the limitations of these theories, such as underestimating the role of agency and insufficient attention to external shocks. Integrating these theories with other analytical approaches and strengthening interdisciplinary methods will help to develop more accurate strategies for adapting political processes to changing economic conditions, thereby contributing to the formation of resilient political decisions under international sanctions.

Key words: political analysis, adaptation of political processes, international sanctions, light industry, political economy, institutional theories, systems analysis, path dependence theory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.023

ZHAO YAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

REGULATION OF CHINA’S CARBON MARKET: POLICIES, ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Carbon market construction is the core of carbon emissions trading. China launched a carbon trading pilot project in 2012. After more than ten years of development, China's carbon trading pilot has achieved remarkable results, effectively controlling the total emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and effectively promoting the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and energy structure. The development of China's carbon market has mainly gone through three stages, and its operation depends on a relatively complete regulatory system. Since China's carbon market began to be piloted, the government has gradually strengthened the supervision of carbon emissions trading. Generally speaking, China has now formed a policy system based on the "Interim Measures for the Administration of National Carbon Emissions Trading" and covering all aspects of greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading and compliance.

This article analyzes the existing problems and deficiencies on the basis of sorting out the existing regulatory policies.

China's current carbon market regulatory policies mainly have problems such as the fact that some carbon market regulatory laws and regulations were formulated earlier, the carbon market regulatory policies are not systematic enough to meet the actual needs of carbon market operation, and the existing regulatory policies lack necessary supporting mechanisms. In the future, China should further improve China's carbon market regulatory policy system by continuously updating carbon market trading policies, improving carbon market supporting mechanisms, and strengthening regulatory regulations. At the same time, we should also enhance the motivation of all stakeholders to participate in the carbon market, continue to strengthen international cooperation, and further promote the development of China's carbon market to a higher level and deeper depth.

Key words: China, carbon trading, carbon market, regulations, evolution, environmental policy, supervision, carbon peak, carbon neutrality, carbon emissions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.024

YANG YUYUAN Postgraduate student at the center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

DEVELOPMENT OF KAKHALIN FUEL AND ENERGY PROJECTS UNDER SANCTIONS

After the 2014 Ukrainian crisis, the US and EU imposed sanctions against Russia, so that the development of the Sakhalin-3 project's Yuzhno-Kirinskoye gas field almost came to a halt due to the lack of subsea production equipment. In 2022 after the conflict escalated the Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects were also put on the sanctions list. The two main project operators, ExxonMobil and Shell, withdrew from the oil and gas development project. In addition, sanctions measures such as the oil price cap and the maritime embargo measure will make the long-term development of the Sakhalin oil and gas development project difficult to export, finance and operate. The imposed sanctions will put increasing pressure on the sector, and if it fails to develop its own technology and expertise, the drop in oil production could become very sensitive.

Key words: Sakhalin projects, Far East, Western sanctions.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.025

B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and international relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

US GEOPOLITICAL GRIP ON THE WESTERN BALKANS: SPHERES AND METHODS OF COUNTERING CHINA’S INFLUENCE

The article examines the geopolitical influence of the United States and other Western powers on the countries of the Western Balkans (WB), as well as their strategies for countering China’s growing presence in the region. The central premise is that the Western Balkans have shifted from being a “near neighborhood” to a battleground of geopolitics and geo-economics. Until recently, the WB was taken for granted and treated as a loyal colony. However, significant changes have occurred both globally and internally. The decline of Western powers, driven by internal crises and overextended military hegemony, is increasingly evident. This decline is starkly contrasted by the remarkable economic, political, cultural, social, and technological growth of China and other non-Western countries, which have formed various mutual cooperation alliances. News of these developments has reached the EU's periphery, prompting parts of Balkan societies, weary of interminable waits in the EU's waiting halls, to seek alternatives. The process of gaining free access to objective information about non-Western advancements, particularly those in China, is ongoing but slow. In response, the Western hegemon resorts to propaganda and gaslighting, attempting to vilify Beijing, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the BRICS nations. The tentative conclusion is that populations in the Western Balkans are growing impatient and less willing to wait for the West's promised "heaven on earth." While the elites remain compliant and subservient, segments of society are exploring new paths to shape their own destiny in alignment with the Global Majority.

Key words: West, US, China, Western Balkans, geopolitical influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.026

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART I

Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.027

I.I. IVLIEV Postgraduate student of the department of geopolitics, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INDIA AND PAKISTAN IN COUNTERING TERRORISM IN SOUTH ASIA

The South Asian region remains the least integrated region in the world, and one of its key distinctive features is terrorism threat. Considering this feature, author analyzes the current situation in the region, taking into account Afghanistan’s special position. The analysis includes emphasis that current disagreements between India and Pakistan are having a negative impact on the development of regional security.

The article also covers the statistical data on the threat of terrorism in South Asian countries, combined with an analysis of inter-state relations including disagreements. This led the author to the conclusion that, despite existing challenges and current trends in these countries, there is no unified approach among South Asian countries towards ensuring regional security, nor is there an effective platform for collaboration in this area. India is promoting international organizations such as BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) and BBIN (The Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal (BBIN) Initiative) as an alternative platforms to SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), excluding Pakistan from participation at the same time; which indirectly impacts regional cooperation.

Given the current tensions between countries and the need for a regional security framework, author provides practical recommendations for addressing weaknesses in the current system. The implication of the recommendations could lead to a stronger response to emerging regional security challenges. Furthermore, there is a call for increased Russian engagement in South Asia region as it strongly aligns with Russia's foreign policy objectives and provides an opportunity to strengthen relations with India and Pakistan.

The research can be of interest to international security, Indian studies and international relations experts.

Key words: India, Pakistan, South Asia, terrorism, regional security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.028

I.O. ABRAMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE LOBBYING MODEL IN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Lobbying today is one of the most important ways of communication between interest groups and authorities in every country. However, outside the United States and the countries of the European Union, this institution has been studied rather poorly. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to reveal in detail the features of the lobbying model in Japan and the Republic of Korea, as one of the most developed Asian countries. The study solves several problems, in particular, the study of the legislation of these countries regulating lobbying and foreign influence. In addition, an important part of the study is to reveal the features of interaction between interest groups and authorities, as well as the main channels of access to decision makers in Japan and the Republic of Korea. The main research methods are cross-national comparative analysis, as well as analysis of documents, the list of which includes regulations of the countries under study, as well as media data illustrating the lobbying process. As a result of the study, it was determined that there is no legislation directly regulating lobbying activities in the countries under consideration, however, there are a number of regulations that indirectly affect this area. A similar conclusion was reached for legislation governing foreign influence. In general, the model of lobbying in the country is close to corporatism, since business associations that actively interact with government authorities have great influence in the country. The main channel of access, due to the peculiarities of the political system and culture of countries, is the bureaucracy and executive power. Legislatures, political parties and public opinion can also be used as access points, but because they are less developed, lobbying through them is less effective.

Key words: lobbying, Japan, Korea, legislation, economics, politics, power, model, efficiency, peculiarity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.029

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF KURDOLOGY IN RUSSIA'S MIDDLE EAST STRATEGY AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) - a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the third part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.030

AL-KHALEDI MOOHIALDIN MOHAMMED AHMED Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

DEVELOPMENTS IN YEMEN'S POLITICAL CRISIS AFTER 2015: REALITY AND CAUSES

This article analyses and discusses the developments of the political crisis in Yemen after 2015, which resurfaced coinciding with the outbreak of the so-called Arab Spring revolutions, by examining its internal and external determinants and its political, economic and social dimensions. Yemen, like other Arab countries, has been in a state of crisis in its internal and external relations since the establishment of the modern Yemeni state in 1918 until now, and this is reflected in the current Yemeni scene and previous historical events that cast a shadow on the unity of the state politically, geographically, and socially. Among the reasons for these sudden protests and revolutions were the spread of corruption, economic stagnation, and poor living conditions, as well as political restrictions and generally poor conditions in Arab countries. These protests have spread in a number of Arab countries, including Yemen, a country of complex nature with problems such as the Houthis’ problem with the ruling regime, and the presence of Al-Qaeda elements in the country.

The country entered into a political crisis with multiple parties at home and divergent alliances abroad. Therefore, the study seeks to prove that the crisis in Yemen was complicated by external intervention instead of solving it, imposing internal and external repercussions on the country and the region.

Key words: Yemen, Crisis, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Houthis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.031

T.O. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF US FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article is devoted to the main directions of US foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century and the key regions with which the US forms its relations and which, together with the US, form the world political system, thereby changing the entire system of relations in the international arena. US interests, which are an important factor in the evolution of US foreign policy.

The author analyzes the change in US foreign policy in the 21st century under the influence of the change of heads of the White House, and the strategies that different presidents use to solve emerging problems. Separately, the author of the article pays attention to various foreign policy concepts that were developed at different times, and at the moment, set the strategy for US foreign policy.

Concepts such as “Heartland”, “moving borders”, “rimland” and “anaconda” are considered, and how they are applied in modern US foreign policy in the 21st century and what problems were solved in this region by the concepts taken and what they led to. How these concepts were integrated into the foreign policy of US presidents, how foreign policy evolved under the influence of regional sentiments.

The impact of US foreign policy on regional developments and their implications for US interests, and how they further influence the evolution of US foreign policy. The research methods in this work are a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis.

Key words: evolution of foreign policy, US policy and concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.032

A.M. ZHBANOV Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY POLICY OF MAJOR POWERS

The article examines current trends in cybersecurity policy of key actors in the modern system of international relations. Trends in strengthening the military, intelligence and strategic potential of states in cyberspace are analyzed. Current problems and possible causes of the militarization of cyberspace are considered.

Key words: cyberspace, cybersecurity, international information security, information confrontation, information warfare, international law, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.033

A.A. NOVIKOV Russian State University for the Humanities master’s degree program graduate, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE U.S. ETHNIC LOBBIES IN FORMULATING POLITICS TOWARDS THE IRAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM

The article investigates the position of pro-Israel and Iranian lobbies in the U.S. on Iranian nuclear program issue. The author emphasizes a notable influence of these networks on the process of formulating U.S. foreign policy. The comparative analysis indicates that the position of lobby groups depends on their stance towards the current Iranian regime and foreign policy of Israel but not on its ethnic characteristics.

Key words: lobbyism in the U.S., U.S.-Iranian relations, Iranian Nuclear Deal, pro-Israel lobby in the U.S., Iranian lobby in the U.S.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.034

R.A. POLONCHUK Senior Researcher, Center for the Study of the History of China and its Relations with Russia, PhD in Political Science, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICSA RAS), Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S MILITARY AND POLITICAL PRESENCE IN THE RED SEA REGION

The article analyzes the main foreign policy guidelines that determine the military-political presence of China in the Red Sea region. It shows the approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the countries of the region. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of military-technical cooperation between China and these countries.

Key words: military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.035

I.I. KHAZIPOV Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

APPROACHES TO POLITICAL MOBILIZATION BY GREEN PARTIES AND ECO-ACTIVISTS IN EUROPE

This article is dedicated to the methods of implementing programs to attract the electorate by green parties in Europe. In the work, the author analyzes various methods used by green parties to persuade voters of their political views and values.

The main goal of this study is to examine the approaches used by green parties in Europe when interacting with the electorate and to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods in achieving the political goals of the parties. The research is based on approaches from political science, psychology, and sociology and can be useful for those interested in political mobilization and effective communication in political campaigns.

Key words: ecology, ecopolitology, green parties, political institutions, green future, sustainable development, elections.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.036

L.P. SHTARK Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics, Faculty of Geopolitical Policy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR IN US-CHINA GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION

The main goal of the article is to study the influence of the technological factor on the dynamics of US-China relations. In the modern world, technological development of the country plays a significant role in ensuring of its national security.

The trade war between the USA and PRC turned to technological competition after Trump administration blamed Chinese companies of stealing intellectual property and then imposed sanctions against Huawei and ZTE. Biden administration continued pressure on China’s technological sector.

Both countries try to strengthen their technological sovereignty by stimulating domestic production of microchips. However, none of the countries can create full semiconductor production chain, so it is necessary to develop relations with the leaders in the field of semiconductor production.

While China strives to ensure the diversification of microchip supplies while it builds its semiconductor industry, the United States primarily aims at exerting pressure on mainland China.

This article examines the impact of the trade war on the technological confrontation between the United States and China, the technological policy of both countries, as well as the impact of the technological factor on the situation in the Asia-Pacific region.

Key words: PRC, USA, semiconductors, Chip 4, Asia-Pacific region, CHIPS and Science Act, TSMC.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.037

LIANG WEIHANG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Key words: USA, foreign policy, Middle East, China, international relations, regional and global studies.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

SOVEREIGN STATES AND POLITICAL REGIMES: THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article, which is based on the materials of my scientific reflections and conversations in social networks on current problems of modern political science, attempts to clarify the correspondence of theoretical knowledge about the types of political regimes and political practice of recent years, in the context of the development of new models of interaction between civil society institutions and the state, modern international relations, the formation of multipolarity and ensuring the sovereignty of states.

Key words: political regimes, sovereign states, democratic regimes, authoritarian regimes, totalitarian regimes, rule of law, civil society, human rights and freedoms, multipolarity of the world order.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 5 (105), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Melnikova I.V. The Philosophical Intentions of Metamodern and Modern Political Values: Theory VS Practice?

Telyatnik T.E. Theoretical and Methodological Understanding of the Phenomena of the World of Politics as a Subject of Political Philosophy

Mironova O.Yu. «Sobornost and Total Solidarity»: to the Question of the Political Program of Russian Cosmism

Choi Jae Duk. Some Approaches to Defining the Modern World Order

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Volkov V.V. The Place of Conservatism in the Formation of State Ideology of Bourgeois Modernization in Russia after Reforms

Chentsov A.S. Organs and Troops of the NKVD of the USSR of East Prussia: Structure and Tasks

Belov S.I., Gorobets V.V. The Image of the First World War in the Perception of the Community of Russian Gamers

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Astvatsaturova M.A., Dzakhova L.Kh. Ethnoidentification Bases of Patriotism as a Problem-Topical Field of Regional Scientific Journalism

Chemshit D.A. The Crisis of Political Participation as a Form of Dysfunction of the Political System

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Zakharov A.A. Ethnopolitical Processes in Modern Russia: Essence and Key Factors

Komar I.V., Makarov A.V. Measuring Political Stabilityin the Interests of Authorities

Kalakutsky A.V. Information Technologies and their Role in Political Management

Kotova E.A. The Russian Orthodox Church and the State: the Role in the Formation of Patriotism and Mechanisms of Interaction with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Feoktistov N.M. Some Regional Electoral Cycles in the Context of Federal Transformation Processes in Modern Russia on the Example of the Krasnoyarsk Region

Kostina T.A. Subjects of the Russian Federation and State Policy in the Field of Local Self-Government

Laliev Kh.E. The Role of the Internet in the Political Process

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Poyarkov R.A. On the Development of Digital Competencies of State Civil Servants of the Russian Federation

Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen, Bychkov A.A. Research and Perspectives of Digital Transformation of Government Administration

Dyshenova N.R., Chunikhinа A.A., Kornetov A.N., Kolosova O.A., Novoselsky S.O. Charity Policy: Evolution and Socio-Psychological Aspects

Krasavin E.V. Problems of Implementing the Concept of “Sustainable Development” in Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Transformations

Syrbu A.N., Torgushnikova V.V. Modern Tools for PR Support at the Regional Level of Public Administration

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Alaudinov A.A. Russia's Goals and Objectives in the Special Military Operation in Ukraine and in a Hybrid War Against the Collective West

Araev S.I., Titov M.K. Ukrainian Neo-Nazism as a Tool of Political Elites of Western Countries in the Fight Against Russia

Egorov S.S. The Political Crisis in Ukraine: Genesis, Causes and Consequences for Relations with Russia

Lena Milojevic. Independence of the EU and the Special Military Operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine

Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Prospects for the Implementation of Turkey's Idea to Create an Army of Turkic States

Zinnurov I.Kh. Features of the Development of Modern Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation Between Russia and Azerbaijan

Dong Dan. The Influence of Political, Economic and Cultural Factors on the Development of Sino-Russian Relations in the XIX-XX Centuries

Rad'kova T.V. Italian Strategic Culture in the Context of N. Machiavelli's Management Principles

Sun Xiaomeng, Medvedev N.P. Non-Traditional Security Threats and Ways to Counter Them in the Context of International Cooperation

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. History of Kurdish Studies in Russia

Dombrovskaia E.I. The Issue of Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Dong Wanli. Analyzing the Yoon Seok-Yeol Administration's Foreign Policy Toward China

Katkov I.E. Counter-Sanctions Measures of The Russian Federation as a Response to the Political and Economic Restrictions of Unfriendly Countries (Using the Example of the Fuel and Energy Complex)

Telegin D.S. The Architecture of Military and Political Deterrence of the People's Republic of China in the Indo-Pacific Region

Tikhonov V.G. Economic Influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Yulova A.A. Finnish Practices in Preserving Saami Cultural Heritage

Yan Yitong. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Arctic in the Context of the Polar Silk Road

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.001

I.V. MELNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National History, Sociology and Political Science Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia

THE PHILOSOPHICAL INTENTIONS OF METAMODERN AND MODERN POLITICAL VALUES: THEORY VS PRACTICE?

The problem of the correlation of paradigms of thinking and political values is of inescapable interest for modern social sciences and humanities. The aim of the study is to compare the meta-modern declared by intellectuals and cultural trainees with the one actualized in political practice. Metamodern claims to be a new paradigm of thinking. Paradigms originate before being embodied in political discourse, however, the actual political process is, in our opinion, the highest manifestation, a way of embodying and objectifying the general intentions of a particular cultural epoch, since it is the concentration, the point of the most complete realization of ideas. We believe that the criterion of "actualization in political practice" acts as a kind of test for the strength of one or another intellectual trend, especially claiming the status of a new paradigm. Metamodern as an intellectual trend, articulated for the first time in the 10s of the XXI century, is an insufficiently studied phenomenon, especially in the context of the study of the axiological foundations of modern political processes. The sphere of social and humanitarian knowledge seems to be specific because of the value-worldview conditionality in one form or another. For this reason, in our study of the designated problem, we resort to a proportionate methodology corresponding to the object and subject of political and philosophical reflection: in line with the axiological approach, we use the method of phenomenological reduction, which allows us to describe, rather than mechanically dissect (analyze) phenomena, gradually discovering meanings, eidetic essences of political experience, find correlates in consciousness and express its discursive. The result of the study were the conclusions obtained in the process of comparing what is declared in theory with what is actualized in practice, according to which, according to our estimates, the status of metamodern as a new paradigm cannot be detected.

Key words: Paradigm of thinking, modern, postmodern, metamodern, political values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.002

T.E. TELYATNIK Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of KubSU, Krasnodar, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHENOMENA OF THE WORLD OF POLITICS AS A SUBJECT OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

The article discusses political philosophy as one of the important areas in political science. The author of the article draws attention to current research in this area, and also gives a descriptive description of the methodological potential of political philosophy.

Key words: philosophy of politics, value approach, methodology of political philosophy, political sphere, subject of political philosophy, philosophy, political science, socio-political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.003

O.YU. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student, Department of the History of Social and Political Thought, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

«SOBORNOST AND TOTAL SOLIDARITY»: TO THE QUESTION OF THE POLITICAL PROGRAM OF RUSSIAN COSMISM

The article focuses on the problem of defining the essential features of the philosophy of Russian cosmism, due to the fact that overly broad interpretations of this concept raise the question about the necessity of its existence in scientific discourse. The main purpose of this article is to determine the place of Russian cosmism in the history of Russian thought and highlight its key characteristics. The author considers the existing approaches to this problem and agrees with the position according to which the key ideas of Russian cosmism are a man connected with the cosmos and active project of changes of human being and the world. However, the author suggests specifying the evolution of mankind to the following directions: moral and ethical education of man based on new principles, orientation of society to achievements in the field of science and establishment of socio-political unity of all humanity. This specification allows narrowing the research field of Russian cosmism, and also confirms the necessity and relevance of analyzing this direction from the standpoint of socio-political sciences.

Key words: active evolution, history of social and political studies, Russian philosophy, Russian cosmism, sobornost.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.004

CHOI JAE DUK Professor, Head of Center for politics and Diplomacy at the Institute of ROK-China relations at Wongwang University Republic of Korea, Iksan, Korea

SOME APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE MODERN WORLD ORDER

Today there is a crisis in the liberal global order, and there is a rise in new centers of power. The lack of a unified content of the very concept of “liberal world order” classifies this issue as debatable. The competition between the United States and China for global hegemony, the changing role of Russia in the international arena, the challenge from developing countries, the consequences of the pandemic – all these and other factors of global development significantly influenced the structure and content of the existing world order. Russia is the main opponent of the liberal global order.

Key words: world order, global development, liberal global order, multilateral approach, USA, China, Russian Federation.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.005

V.V. VOLKOV Associate Professor Doctor of Economic Sciences Senior Lecturer of Department of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines Military-Transport Institute (Railroad Troops) of Military Academy of Logistics named after Army General A.V. Khruleva, Moscow, Russia

THE PLACE OF CONSERVATISM IN THE FORMATION OF STATE IDEOLOGY OF BOURGEOIS MODERNIZATION IN RUSSIA AFTER REFORMS

The article deals with the problem of conservative tendencies in the development of the state ideology of bourgeois modernization. The author believes that the conservative ideology of the bureaucratic elite of Russia during the reign of Alexander II and Alexander III was a natural tool for ideological substantiation of bourgeois transformations and was widely used by the state authorities. The outcome of the ideological search for government conservatives was the national conservative ideology. It relied on state capitalism and protectionism and became a counterbalance not only to bourgeois liberalism, but also to the concept of state socialism.

Key words: modernization, state ideology, conservatism, liberalism, autocracy, reforms, minister, nobility.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.006

A.S. CHENTSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Research Center (Fundamental Military Historical Problems) of the Federal State Treasury Military Educational Institution of Higher Education "Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ORGANS AND TROOPS OF THE NKVD OF THE USSR OF EAST PRUSSIA: STRUCTURE AND TASKS

The article considers the issues of transformation of the structure and tasks of the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, operating on the territory of East Prussia in 1945-1946. As a result of the analysis of sources not previously introduced into scientific circulation, the composition of the grouping of the forces of the NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic operation, as well as during the period of leadership of the province of military authorities, is shown. Special attention is paid to the creation of the office of the commissioner of the NKVD – NKGB of the USSR in East Prussia – the predecessor of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kaliningrad region.

Key words: The Great Patriotic War, East Prussia, the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, the apparatus of the NKVD commissioners of the USSR on the fronts, the NKVD – NKGB commissioner of the USSR for East Prussia, operational sectors and operational groups of the NKVD of the USSR, the fight against sabotage and terrorist formations of the enemy, protection of public order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.007

S.I. BELOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

V.V. GOROBETS Junior Researcher, Department of Political Science, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Master student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE COMMUNITY OF RUSSIAN GAMERS

The aim of the work is to assess the perception of the events of the First World War by Russians who actively consume products of the gaming industry. The theoretical basis of the study is formed by a combination of functional and cultural-semiotic approaches to the interpretation of social memory. The materials of a cybermetric study conducted using the IQBuzz service act as the empirical basis of the work. A weighted sample of 200 messages generated by cybermetrics was subjected to content analysis. The results obtained allow us to state that most gamers associate it mainly with negative events that erode their ingroup favoritism. At the same time, a significant part of these memory figures is endogenous in origin, i.e. is perceived as a consequence of the mistakes or incompetence of the Russian elites. The latter are perceived in a collective way within the framework of the system of ideas about Nicholas II, which forms a symbol of the managerial inefficiency of the establishment. The predominance of tragic content in the absence of positive outcomes that compensate for the victims of the war turns this event into an exception, causing significant damage to the positive historical myth that dominates the public mind.

Key words: World War I, image, cultural memory, gamers, identity.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.008

M.A. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Director, Chief Researcher of the Scientific and Educational Center for Political and Ethnopolitical Research of Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

L.Kh. DZAKHOVA Doctor of Political Science, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

ETHNOIDENTIFICATION BASES OF PATRIOTISM AS A PROBLEM-TOPICAL FIELD OF REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNALISM

The article presents a study of the reflection of the problem of patriotism in the regional scientific and journalistic array of North Ossetia-Alania. The theses of scientific journalism addressed to civil Russian patriotism are traced, and ideas dedicated to ethnic patriotism are identified, i.e. patriotism, which is determined by ethnic identification interests.

The connection between the meanings of civil Russian patriotism and patriotism in relation to one’s people – its cultural complex is clarified. There is a research trend that substantiates the mutual dependence of civil and ethnic principles in the formation of patriotic consciousness and patriotic sentiments in society. The actual North Ossetian historical and cultural principles of patriotism are highlighted as a component of the patriotism of Russians - a multi-ethnic civil nation.

Key words: patriotism, ethnic patriotism, ethnocultural, ethnopolitical interests, competition with patriotism, polyethical Russian nation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.009

THE CRISIS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AS A FORM OF DYSFUNCTION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

The article develops the topic of functional measurement of crises of modernizing political systems. The crisis of political participation as a consequence of the crisis of resource allocation is chosen as the subject. There is a significant influence of forms of political participation on the stability of the political system. It is pointed out that the latest problematic forms of political participation often become the destabilizer of modernizing political systems. The most significant socio-political functions of political participation are highlighted: instrumental and internal. The first is used to select a representative of the government and to legally separate it. The second emphasizes the normative dimension of political participation and is significant in the search for human self-determination. The role and objects of political participation are investigated depending on the nature of the political regime. The types of unconventional political participation are indicated. The emphasis is made: the more crisis-like political participation becomes, the higher the degree of delegitimization of the political system. It is stated that the stability of the political system is also affected by such a function of political participation as the translation of social interests.

Key words: political system, political participation, political modernization, modernization crisis, dysfunction of the political system, unconventional political participation.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.010

A.A. ZAKHAROV Postgraduate student of the Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA: ESSENCE AND KEY FACTORS

The article defines the essence, identifies and systematizes ethnopolitical processes in the modern Russian state. The significance of ethnopolitical factors in Russia is due to both historical factors and current transformations of the international system and state development. The connection between ethnic relationships and political processes has a double relationship in the Russian Federation, defining many multidirectional processes and trends in state development in a complex system of ethnopolitical relations. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence and systematize the key factors of ethnopolitical processes in modern Russia. To achieve it, it seems necessary to solve a number of problems: identifying the essence of Russian ethnopolitical processes; identification and systematization of the main factors of ethnopolitical processes in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was the approaches of behaviorism and institutionalism, which made it possible to combine the consideration of statistical data and current political processes in modern Russia with an understanding of their institutional conditionality by state processes of the Russian Federation. The article determines that the essence of ethnopolitical processes lies in representing the interests or achieving the goals of ethnic groups operating within a certain political system. Among the key factors of ethnopolitical processes in Russia, we can highlight external ones, related to the global and international processes of the modern world, as well as internal ones, to a greater extent determined by state policy and the activities of the ethnic groups themselves. Regardless of the basis of ethno-political processes, their significance for the Russian state is noted by the country’s leadership and involves joint work to develop interethnic and ethno-state dialogue that ensures the stability of the Russian Federation.

Key words: ethnopolitics, ethnicity, political process, factor, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.011

MEASURING POLITICAL STABILITYIN THE INTERESTS OF AUTHORITIES

Understanding the essence of power and methods of measuring its characteristics have long been the subject of discussion in scientific papers and in applied political research both in Russia and in the world. Throughout the long history of studying such a fundamental political phenomenon as power, a large block of scientific works has been formed using various methods and approaches to its study.

This paper considers the modern concept of political stability of power. In addition, the article presents a model of measuring the political stability of power developed by the authors, as well as offers recommendations on the use of the model in the interests of political power.

Key words: domestic policy, political stability, political stability measurement matrix.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.012

A.V. KALAKUTSKY Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Economics and Management of the Samara National Research University of the аcademician S.P. Korolev (Samara University), Samara, Russia

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN POLITICAL MANAGEMENT

The article explores the multifaceted process of using information and communication technologies in the political sphere and its impact on society. The authors analyze the complexities that arise when trying to understand how people use these technologies and how they influence them, paying attention to the uncertainty that generates unrealistic expectations and fears among people. The article emphasizes that a deep understanding of this process requires a combination of technical knowledge with a historical understanding of people's lives, traditions, and customs of a specific country. The stages of creating, collecting, storing, processing, and disseminating information are discussed, emphasizing their significance for the work of political actors and the realization of their interests in the political space. Special attention is paid to the role of information and communication technologies in contemporary politics and their ability to influence political processes and public opinion. The article provides an overview of current literature on the topic, presenting a comprehensive view of the issue.

Key words: information and communication technologies, political process, information creation, information collection, information storage, information processing, information dissemination, political strategies, mobilization, research.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.013

E.A. KOTOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE: THE ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM AND MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION WITH THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article concerns a topical issue – the interaction of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian army. The purpose of the study is to assess the role of the ROCH in the formation of a patriotic attitude and qualities necessary for the military to defeat the enemy, as well as to identify the characteristic mechanisms by which the ROCH participates in the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a legitimate and spiritually influential ideological structure. The researcher sets himself the task of analyzing the history of the development of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as legislation in this area, internal church documents regulating the activities of the military clergy. Attention is also paid to the actual practice of serving military clergy, in particular, during the period of a special military operation in Ukraine. It is concluded that the state supports the strengthening of the ideological influence and presence of ROCH priests in the Russian army, however, without giving them additional legal preferences that would provide social guarantees and benefits in case of injury or death. In addition, there is a tendency to sacralize military operations, which is reflected in the symbolic nomination of military units. Information support for the Russian army and the Institute of military clergy is also noted on social networks and on the website of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodoxy, Russian army, armed forces, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.014

N.M. FEOKTISTOV Graduate student at the Institute of Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

SOME REGIONAL ELECTORAL CYCLES IN THE CONTEXT OF FEDERAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION

This article, using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, analyzes several stages of regional electoral cycles in the context of federal electoral processes in order to identify the features of interaction between the Center and the regions. The problems of transformation processes in modern Russia are considered through the prism of electoral perception.

Key words: electoral cycle, political election campaign, Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional electoral processes, federal center.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.015

T.A. KOSTINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and International Relations of the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chelyabinsk State University", Chelyabinsk, Russia

SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the implementation of state policy on the development of local self-government.

The purpose of the study is to study the process of formation of public authorities of the Subjects of the Russian Federation as subjects of state policy in the field of LSG in the period after the adoption of the current Constitution of Russia. Systematic, institutional, comparative and historical scientific methods are used. It is concluded that the content, goals and objectives of the state policy in the field of LSG are determined by the federal government, and the powers of the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in its implementation depend on the state of the state and the nature of relations between the center and the regions in a specific period of the country's development.

Key words: local self-government, subjects of the Russian Federation, state policy, public authorities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.016

Kh.E. LALIEV North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS

The article examines a complex and contradictory process – the penetration of Internet technologies into the political sphere of society, examines political communication in the Internet space, highlights the forms of political participation of citizens through Internet technologies, and highlights the advantages of using the network in the political sphere of society.

Key words: Internet, political process, Internet communications, politics, mass communications.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.017

R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia, founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES OF STATE CIVIL SERVANTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the importance of developing digital competencies among state civil servants of the Russian Federation in the context of global digitization and transition to a digital economy. The authors argue for the need for an integrative approach to the formation and assessment of digital competencies, which includes setting goals, detailing content, structuring development methods, and criteria for evaluating results. Special attention is paid to the proposal to enshrine the concepts of "digital competencies" and requirements for them in regulatory acts, which will ensure legal clarity and promote the effective adaptation of civil servants to the demands of the digital economy. The authors emphasize that the development of digital competencies is key to the successful functioning of public administration institutions in modern conditions.

Key words: digital competencies, civil servants, digital economy, regulatory acts, competency-based approach, competency development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.018

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree University of Melbourne, China

QIAN CHEN PhD in economics of the Haina HIC Research Center of the Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China

A.A. BYCHKOV Junior researcher Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION

The digital transformation of public administration is an integral part of the modern development of megacities such as Moscow. This process covers various aspects of city management, ranging from improving the efficiency of government services to ensuring convenience for residents through the use of new technologies. One of the key directions of digital transformation of public administration in Moscow is the implementation of e-government. This allows city authorities to increase the accessibility of government services for residents and businesses by transitioning to an online format. Citizens can obtain information and perform various administrative procedures online, saving time and reducing bureaucratic burden. Another important aspect of the digital transformation of public administration in Moscow is the implementation of smart technologies to enhance the comfort of city dwellers. For example, smart city systems enable the optimization of transportation infrastructure management, monitoring of environmental conditions, and ensuring safety on the streets, thus creating favorable conditions for living and working in the city. Thanks to the digital transformation of public administration, Moscow is becoming more open and transparent to its residents. The introduction of open data systems allows citizens to access information about the work of city authorities, budget expenditures, the state of infrastructure, and other important aspects of city life, fostering trust between the government and the population.

Key words: megacities, digital transformation, public administration, e-government, open data system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.019

N.R. DYSHENOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology Institute of Social Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

А.А. CHUNIKHINА Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

A.N. KORNETOV PhD, MD, professor, the Head of Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department of the Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

O.A. KOLOSOVA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Marketing Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Management», Moscow, Russia

CHARITY POLICY: EVOLUTION AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Introduction: the work examines certain socio-psychological aspects of charitable activities, which influence the intensity of socially responsible behavior of citizens. The key role of charity is to increase the level of social security of civil society as a whole. The presence in society of people who are not indifferent to other people’s problems significantly increases the degree of its social consolidation. It is the expansion of the range of charitable activities that creates the foundation for overcoming difficult life situations for certain categories of the population. In this regard, the existence of philanthropists in the structure of civil society increases the level of social security of its individual representative.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the evolutionary features and socio-psychological aspects of charitable activities in Russia. The following tasks are solved within the framework of the article:

– highlight the social relevance and evolutionary aspects of charity in the domestic civil space;

– summarize the results of diagnostics of the psychological aspects of charitable activity in Russia;

– group the main socio-psychological motives for the formation of charitable initiatives.

Research results: the team of authors analyzed the key socio-psychological aspects of private charitable activities in Russia, based on an analysis of the reasons for the degree of trust and distrust of the population in the activities of charitable organizations, as well as on research into the most typical motives for public charitable activity.

Key words: charity, civil society, trust, involvement, charitable activity, charitable initiatives, motives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.020

E.V. KRASAVIN Graduate student at the Faculty of Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, manager of the coal mining company Elga LLC, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The concept of “sustainable development” arose largely under the influence of the energy crisis of the 70s in Europe during the Cold War. According to the mathematical models of the authors of the Club of Rome report “The Limits to Growth,” positive development scenarios involved controlling population growth, curbing capital investment, and reducing the consumption of natural resources. The previous model of economic growth, according to the authors of the report, would inevitably lead to catastrophic consequences for the economy and a sharp reduction in the planet's population due to wars, famine and other social disasters.

The system of international agreements forms the institutional basis for the implementation of the concept of “sustainable development” on a global scale. Globalization has contributed to the introduction of “sustainable development” standards into business and into documents of strategic development of states. However, globalization processes have created unequal conditions for national producers and TNCs (transnational corporations). The process of deglobalization and the division of the world into competing centers of power led by the United States and China create conditions for rethinking the concept of “sustainable development” taking into account the interests of developing countries.

This article examines the problems of implementing the concept of “sustainable development” in Russia in connection with the global processes of transformation of the world order. The process of deglobalization leads to the fragmentation of world markets, a revision of the established rules of the game, including in such areas as climate change control, the development of green energy, immigration policy, etc. According to the author, “sustainable development” standards, implemented without taking into account the economic and socio-demographic characteristics of developing countries, can lead to negative consequences for their economic development. The growing influence of political factors on global economic processes and the formation of blocs of hostile states suggests with a high degree of probability that in the field of “sustainable development” policy the process will develop towards the formation of national and regional standards and concepts of “sustainable development”.

Key words: transformation, globalization, national development goals, deglobalization, sustainable development, demography.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.021

A.N. SYRBU Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Volgograd Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

V.V. TORGUSHNIKOVA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor Volgograd Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

MODERN TOOLS FOR PR SUPPORT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article analyzes the elements of the regional management system. The functioning of the system in the context of transformation of external factors against the backdrop of Western sanctions. The reasons for the “slipping” of the control mechanism at the regional level are analyzed. The prerequisites for the maturation of a human-centric model of public administration are described. The expansion of taking into account the intentions of society as an object of managerial influence is noted. PR activities are considered as a tool for establishing relations of trust and mutual understanding between the state and citizens. A system for instant response to problems raised by social network users is described. At the same time, the specific features of the work of the “Regional Management Center” are specified. The peculiarity of the operation of the “Incident Management” system tool is noted. The ratings of influence and activity in social networks of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were compared and the place in the ranking of activity in social networks of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was analyzed.

Key words: regional management, effective regional management, human-centricity, management mechanisms, sociality, regional administrator, personal accounts, political space Financial support initiated by the authors.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.022

А.А. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S GOALS AND OBJECTIVES IN THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE AND IN A HYBRID WAR AGAINST THE COLLECTIVE WEST

The purpose and objectives. The article is devoted to the study of the goals and objectives of Russia in the zone of the Special Military Operation, as well as in the total hybrid war unleashed against our state by the collective West.

Methods. There are general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and the method of researching sources and a systematic approach, since the impact of the collective West in relation to Russia is considered as an interconnected system of measures aimed at inflicting strategic defeat on Russia.

Results. It is shown that the goals of the Special Military Operation are the demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine. In addition, the results of the study are the identification of specific tasks set by the Russian leadership, the solution of which will allow achieving the goals of the operation. The tasks include the liberation of not only the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, the Zaporizhia and Kherson regions, but also other territories, because otherwise Russia will not ensure its strategic security. It is also established that Russia's key goal in this hybrid confrontation with the collective West is to create a multipolar world in which the United States and its satellite allies will not dominate.

Conclusions. The creation of alternative financial systems, de-dollarization, and the weakening of the military and political dominance of the West, including through achieving the goals of the Special Military Operation, will allow us to move to a more just, multipolar world order. Russia's success in achieving the goals of the Special Military Operation is capable of initiating processes of transformation of the existing world order, undermining the influence of the collective West throughout the world.

Key words: Russia, the Special Military Operation, the collective West, Ukraine, hybrid wars, multipolar world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.023

S.I. ARAEV Candidate of political sciences, Military University, Moscow, Russia

M.K. TITOV Associate professor, candidate of sociological sciences, Military University, Moscow, Russia

UKRAINIAN NEO-NAZISM AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL ELITES OF WESTERN COUNTRIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST RUSSIA

At present, issues of geopolitical interaction are more relevant than ever. It is noted that the policy of interference of Western countries in the internal affairs of Russia with the aim of weakening, destroying and capturing it has long roots, starting with the establishment of the Russian state as a world “player”, a geopolitical competitor. As evidenced by repeated military-force attempts to resolve this issue. The Department of Political Science of the Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University summarized the results of a number of studies revealing the main features of modern neo-Nazism, the mechanism of its implementation, as well as the role of Western states in the transformation of Ukraine into the neo-Nazi “anti-Russia” project. To summarize what has been said, it should be noted that it is necessary to always remember the possibility of using technologies to revive nationalist ideas in Russia.

Key words: Russia, West, Ukraine, politics, neo-Nazism, war, nationalism, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.024

S.S. EGOROV PhD student Faculty of political science Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN UKRAINE: GENESIS, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES FOR RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the consideration of the socio-political crisis that has developed on the territory of Ukraine as a result of the 2013-2014 coup d’etat. All this forced Russia to take active measures to protect the Russian-speaking population living in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Methods: historical and comparative analysis, content analysis of Ukrainian and Russian sources, strategic planning documents, as well as official positions of the parties on the settlement of the conflict in Ukraine. Results: the author’s forecast of the likely options for a peaceful settlement of the political crisis in Ukraine is presented, and recommendations for Russia's policy towards Ukraine are presented.

Key words: Ukraine, political crisis, color revolutions, world order, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.025

LENA MILOJEVIC Assistant to the Ambassador of the Republic of Serbia to the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INDEPENDENCE OF THE EU AND THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN UKRAINE

Since its founding, the EU has made it a rule to use every crisis for deeper integration, further transformation and strengthening of unity. The EU quietly used the launch of a special military operation by the Russian Federation in Ukraine to strengthen its independence, its often-mentioned “strategic autonomy” and its role as a global player in the international arena.

Key words: EU, independence, global player, special military operation, security and defense.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.026

R.N. SHANGARAEV PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

A.S. IVOCHKINA Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TURKEY'S IDEA TO CREATE AN ARMY OF TURKIC STATES

Turkey pursues an independent policy aimed at promoting its national interests in all regions that were once part of the zone of strategic influence: neo-Ottomanism – the Balkans and the Arab world; pan-Islamism – Africa, Europe and the North Caucasus; pan-Turkism – the Turkic-speaking countries of Central Asia, as well as the Turkic-speaking republics within the Russian Federation and the South Caucasus. In the international arena, Turkey positions itself not only as a regional center of power, but also as a global player. Turkish policy, based on the concept of pan-Turkism, is aimed at developing relations and promoting the concept of Organizing Turkic-speaking states and forming the "Army of the Great Turan".

Key words: Turkey, Central Asia, Turan army, Organization of Turkic States, "soft power".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.027

I.KH. ZINNUROV Head of the Representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Information and Cultural Center in Baku, Councelor of the Russian Embassy in Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN

Within the framework of the development of humanitarian and cultural cooperation of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Azerbaijan at the present stage, the following areas can be distinguished:

– socio-political events on modern and historical issues;

– popularization of classical and modern Russian culture;

– development of relations with NGOs and volunteers;

– promotion of international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russia, Azerbaijan, Russian culture, NGOs, volunteering, humanitarian cooperation, development of international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, compatriots.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.028

DONG DAN Senior Lecturer (Master's degree) Department of the Russian Language Center Xi'an University, China

THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINO-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES

The article focuses on the development of Chinese-Russian relations in the XIX-XX centuries. In the first half of the 19th century, the processes of territorial delimitation in the Far East continued, as well as the development of trade and economic relations, which led to an increase in cultural exchanges. The turning point in relations between the two countries occurred in the 1850s and 1890s, when the weakened Qing Empire was forced to respond to Russia's diplomatic efforts to resolve disputed territorial issues and develop trade. Russian Russian-Chinese relations began a new stage at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, due to the fact that in 1896 the Union (Aigun) Treaty and the agreement on the construction of the CER were signed between the two countries, the implementation of which was complicated by the Russo-Japanese war and "unstable" relations with China in 1918-1949. A long period of cooling relations in the 1960s and 1980s ended with the restoration of relations between the two countries, as a result of which, at the end of the twentieth century, China took the place of Russia's main trade and economic partner, which affected cultural exchange.

Key words: Sino-Russian relations, territorial disputes, trade relations, sinology, cultural exchange.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.029

T.V. RAD'KOVA Senior Lecturer, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ITALIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF N. MACHIAVELLI'S MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

Currently, there is a noticeable trend of increasing attention to the study of the concept of "strategic culture". This topic is in the centre of attention not only of political institutions, but also of the academic community. The intensified interest is associated with radical transformations in the system of international relations and the search for ways to more accurately analyse and forecast political processes in order to ensure national and international security. The rapidly changing and increasingly complex global security environment poses new challenges and makes it necessary to study more thoroughly the theoretical concept of strategic culture. In this regard, the importance of historical experience, the study of lessons learned from the past, and the analysis of attempts by individual states to implement ambitious foreign policy projects based on military force is growing. This paper will examine Italian strategic culture in the context of Machiavellian principles of state management.

Key words: strategic culture, art of war, revolution in military affairs, N. Machiavelli.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.030

SUN XIAOMENG Master, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS AND WAYS TO COUNTER THEM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

This article is devoted to the analysis of non-traditional security threats faced by mankind after the end of the Cold War. The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of “non-traditional security threats” and to identify the potential of international cooperation in combating them. The article uses the following research methods: historical method, method of political analysis, comparative method. The results of the study showed that it is possible to fight non-traditional security threats only. The author of the article draws attention to China's contribution to the fight against non-traditional security threats. The article concludes that in connection with the expansion of the number of new threats to security, there is a question about the feasibility of creating international organizations that have become a “unifying link” in the issue of countering global threats.

Key words: security, non-traditional security threats, international cooperation, international relations, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.031

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

HISTORY OF KURDISH STUDIES IN RUSSIA

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the first part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.032

E.I. DOMBROVSKAIA Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ISSUE OF WATER SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION

This article attempts to consider the problems of the water factor in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to determine its role in achieving water security. The main aspects of the classification of the water factor by spheres of manifestation within the framework of political, socio-economic and environmental areas are determined. The key role of the transboundary element in the intensification of conflict in the region is highlighted and examples of the most significant and significant hotbeds of tension due to water scarcity are given. Using the example of the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Nile and Jordan, different manifestations of approaches to the analysis of the problem of achieving water security are demonstrated. The ambiguity of the nature of the water factor as a cause and consequence of internal instability and external conflicts is emphasized. The author points out the importance of analyzing and developing the problems of the water factor in the Middle East and North Africa region for the preservation of global water security due to the interdependence and mutual influence of the provision of natural resources with social transformations that have a tremendous impact on key economic indicators of the countries of the region and the world.

Key words: water factor, water resources, Middle East and North Africa region, water security, water scarcity, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.033

DONG WANLI Postgraduate student, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences, China

ANALYZING THE YOON SEOK-YEOL ADMINISTRATION'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHINA

During the 2 years of Yoon Seok-yeol's administration, his party's policy toward China has become clear. Yun Seok-yol's administration is "tilting" toward the United States and Japan, prioritizing the establishment of a "comprehensive strategic alliance between South Korea and the United States," promoting better South Korea-Japan relations and strengthening military cooperation, while emphasizing the establishment of "mutually respectful" relations between South Korea and China. In the 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, they have been relatively stable, smoothly developing on the basic position of jointly and actively resolving conflicts and contradictions, but still facing obstacles and influences from key issues such as: Sino-US relations, the DPRK nuclear issue, the prospects of their own economic development, the hopes of the people, etc. Paying attention to and improving the above-mentioned issues helps to put the relations between the two Koreas back on the right development trajectory.

Key words: South Korea's foreign policy, China-South Korea relations, Korea-U.S. alliance, Yun Seok-yol's government.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.034

I.E. KATKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COUNTER-SANCTIONS MEASURES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX)

This article examines the actions of the Russian Federation taken as measures to counter Western sanctions in the strategically important energy sector for Russia. As the purpose of this work, the author highlights the qualitative analysis of measures aimed at minimizing the negative effect of anti-Russian sanctions of unfriendly states. During the research, methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, synthesis, induction, as well as observation and interpretation of the results were applied. The focus of the study is on identifying Russia's current position in view of the increasingly increasing sanctions pressure. As a conclusion of this study, the author cites the position that the Russian Federation, as a state occupying key positions in the international energy space, has taken very clear and consistent steps that have allowed the domestic economy to adapt to new macroeconomic and political realities in the face of restrictive measures by Western countries. The measures developed by the country's political and administrative bloc together with key companies in the fuel and energy sector allow Russia to offset the cumulative negative effect of unprecedented sanctions from Europe and the United States. The results of the study contribute to the study of the issue of strengthening Russia's energy security as a net exporter of hydrocarbons, as well as to the practical aspect of issues related to the formation and implementation of state energy policy in the context of countering the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries.

Key words: energy, Russian Federation, sanctions, fuel and energy complex, counter-sanctions measures, natural gas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.035

D.S. TELEGIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ARCHITECTURE OF MILITARY AND POLITICAL DETERRENCE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION

Currently, against the background of intensifying confrontation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, the militarization of the Indo-Pacific region is taking place. The United States is using a system of political blocks and international treaties with its regional sales to strategically deter China, changing the entire regional security system.

The paper presents the results of an analysis of strategic documents and speeches of top officials of the states of the region.

Key words: geopolitics, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, AUKUS, QUAD, ANZUS Treaty, defense cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.036

V.G. TIKHONOV Teacher-researcher St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

The article provides an analysis of the economic influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on both the Eurasian region and the international system. The economic influence of the SCO is determined through the following factors: SCO structures of economic cooperation and its’ activities; economic cooperation projects implemented by the SCO; the value of the gross domestic product of the SCO member states.

The aim of the article is to determine the features of the development of the influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on both the Eurasian region and the international system.

The set goal is achieved through solving the following tasks:

1) to characterize the economic influence of the SCO as a multifactorial process of development of an international organization;

2) to highlight the factors of the SCO's economic influence on the international system and the Eurasian region;

3) to analyze the economic influence of the SCO within the framework of the identified factors.

The methodological basis of the article involves the use of a systematic approach in order to identify the economic influence of the SCO as a system of various aspects of the influence of an international organization.

The SCO structures leading economic cooperation between the countries exert economic influence through the implementation of economic cooperation projects of the SCO member states. The SCO's economic influence through these projects is being established both within the region and in the international arena, taking into account the gross domestic product of the SCO member states such as China, India and Russia.

Key words: international organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO, economic influence, GDP, Eurasian region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.037

А.А. YULOVA Post-graduate student, St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), St. Petersburg, Russia

FINNISH PRACTICES IN PRESERVING SAAMI CULTURAL HERITAGE

The article explores the role of Finnish state policy towards the Sámi people and their cultural heritage. The author analyses the relationship between the Sámi and the Finnish state, and highlights current policies and programmes aimed at preserving Sámi culture and language. The article also discusses the challenges faced by the Sámi in modern society and offers recommendations for improving the situation of this unique ethnic community.

Aim. To analyse the methods and measures that Finland has implemented to preserve the Sámi cultural heritage, to identify their effectiveness and to offer recommendations for improving approaches to preserving the culture of this unique people.

Results. The unresolved problems faced by the Sámi people in contemporary Finland are confirmed. Some of the key unresolved challenges include: preservation and development of the Sami language and culture; economic development and equality; inequalities in access to economic opportunities and resources, which may hinder their economic development and well-being; and violation of suffrage.

Conclusions. Despite the State's efforts to preserve Sami culture and language, the Sami language is still under threat and needs additional support for its preservation and development. The Sámi face challenges in securing their political representation and participation in decision-making processes that affect them.

Key words: Finland, Saami, Saami language, indigenous peoples, discrimination, inequality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.038

YAN YITONG PhD student at RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLAR SILK ROAD

The article discusses about Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic region in the context of the “Polar Silk Road” in modern political realities. It is indicated that the China aims to consistently realize its geoeconomic and geopolitical interests in Polar region, designating the development of the Arctic as one of the state strategic goals. Special attention in China's policy is related to the cooperation with the Russian Federation in Arctic, in particular, in the exploration and development of the Northern Sea Route. Special relevance of the strengthening of interaction between countries began after the start of the Russian Special Military Operation in Ukraine in 2022 and because of the blockade of the Red Sea due to Israeli military operation in the Palestinian Gaza. It is concluded that in modern conditions, cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic region is intensifying and is aimed at further developing joint projects for the development of the Northern Sea Route in the context of the “Polar Silk Road”.

Key words: geopolitics, Arctic, “Polar Silk Road”, Northern Sea Route, cooperation between Russia and China.

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№ 10 (86), 2022