№ 3 (31), 2018

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Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 6 (106), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Golovetsky N.Ya., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Economic Anthropology: a Guide from Human Nature

Melnikova I.V. Philosophical Intentions of Metamoden and Modern Political Values: Theory VS Practice? (Part 2. Results and Reflection)

Legostaev I.A. Civic Consciousness: the Concept and Strategic Importance in the Formation of a National Idea

Obidin M.V. Civilizational Approach in Modern Russian Political Science and International Politics

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Sviridenko E.A. Development and Transformation of the Teachings of Nil Sorsky in the Works of his Associates in the 16th Century

Sibiryakov M.N. The Birth of a New Theatre and its Influence on the Everyday Life of the City of Yakutsk in the Conditions of Revolution and Civil War

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. Main Periods of Evolution of Kurdish Studies in Russia

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Tumanyan G.V. Citizens' Attitude to Participative Technologies of Modern Public Administration

Khugaev Z.T. The Political Identity of the Youth of the North Caucasus Federal District: an Analysis of Research Approaches

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Amiantov A.A., Rabadanov I.R. Political and Legal Aspects of Parliamentary Activity on the Approval of the Government of the Russian Federation in Modern Conditions

Mazhnikov V.I. The Phenomenon of Information Waves and Fake News in the Modern Media Sphere

Amiantova I.S., Zaporozskiy E.V. The Manifestation of Right-Wing Populism in the State Party System

Vikulina S.V. The Recruitment Channels and Career Paths of the Members of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th Convocation

Kuz S.I. The Nature of the Role of the Municipal Leader (Based on the Example of Moscow)

Kozin A. Comparative Analysis of National Models of Using Big Data in the Electoral Process of Developed Countries in 2017-2022

Larikhin A.V. The National Idea of Modern Russia in the Discourse of the Political Elite

Lu Xiao. Grassroots Democracy as the “Conductor's Baton” of Xi Jinping's Policies

Pronin K.K. Democratic Ideas: the Evolution of Theoretical Models

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Nazarov A.D., Nazarova E.A. Contemporary Trends in the Development of Arctic Tourism in the Russian Federation: Social and Legal Aspects

Surma I.V. Challenges and Threats of Artificial Intelligence Technologies as a Universal Tool for Socio-Political and Economic Transformation of Modern Society

Barabanova T.V. The Educational Policy of Russia in the Third Decade of the XXI Century in the Context of the National Security Strategy

Shulga E.P. The Impact of Migration to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug on the Economy and Population Structure

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Stepanov S.A., Shaaban L. The UAE’s “Soft Power” in the Context of Energy Resources’ Diversification on the Example of the Masdar City Project

Melikova Z.E. Geopolitical Aspects of Relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Russian Federation

Tao Zilong. Analysis of Foreign Diplomatic Strategy of Kazakhstan under President K.-Zh.K. Tokayev

Li Qian. The Evolution of China's Approach to UN Peacekeeping

Al- Khaledi Moohialdin Mohammed Ahmed. Diplomatic Means and Methods of Dispute Settlement in Yemen

Danelyan T.O. The 2003 US and Allied Invasion of Iraq and their Geopolitical Goals

Sporshev A.M., Khodyreva A.A. Capabilities and Ambitions of Finland and Sweden in the Field of NATO Nuclear Deterrence Policy

Li Ziman. Regional Public Goods as a Tool to Strengthen Security Co-Operation after SCO Enlargement

Chacran A.A. The Question of the Independence of African States in the International Arena under the Intervention of Western Powers

Adohounde Yaovi Sylvestre, Agonnoude Bidoley Vianney Freddy. Foreign Policy of the Republic of Benin: History of Development and Modern Trends

Zhao Yan. Achievements of China’s Environmental Supervision System after Reform and Opening Up

Chalan Said Farhan. Russian-Iranian Understanding in Syria and its Impact on the Geostrategic Situation in the Middle East

Shao Jianina. Positive and Negative Factors in the Formation of Sino-Indian Relations in the 21st Century

Elimkhajiyev R. Taiwan as a Factor of Transformation of International Relations Between the USA and China: Theoretical and Methodological Aspect

Birinci E. The State of Israel in Soviet Foreign Policy in the Middle East During the Cold War

Liang Weihang. Analysis of the Biden Administration Strategy Towards China in the Middle East

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. Party Systems and Duverger's Laws: on the Question of Theory and Practice

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.001

N.YA. GOLOVETSKY Candidate of Economics, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Krasnogorsk Branch of the RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Krasnogorsk branch of the RANEPA, Professor of the UMC, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student Institute of Political Institutions and Processes University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY: A GUIDE FROM HUMAN NATURE

Exploring the structure of the economy, its role in the development of society, it is necessary to understand what is the basis of its natural essence, why innovative processes, scientific and technological progress and modernization are associated with a transforming economy. All this requires clarifying the origin, determining the origins, which are impossible without turning to anthropology. But it is possible to understand the economy rationally only if it is revealed what meaning its creators – ancient societies – laid down. The economy has the same natural nature as human social and cultural demands associated with the desire of people to create vital conditions, to improve the spatial environment, without which the social organization of the human way of life is not formed. Initially, the benefit was not associated only with material wealth, but meant well-being, benefit for all as a symbol of happiness and justice. Initially, the benefit was not associated only with material wealth, but meant well-being, benefit for all as a symbol of happiness and justice. Therefore, the identification of the principle of anthropocentricity, i.e. the determination of the economy by human nature, is the main purpose of this article, as well as the establishment of the reasons for its deviation from the socio-cultural vector that occurred as a result of the Neolithic revolution. The topic is revealed on the basis of economic, social and cultural anthropology. The work is of scientific and practical importance and may be of interest, in particular, to politicians, economists, sociologists, since the originally set socio-cultural vector of the economy and its universal values, which are of lasting importance, should not be lost.

Key words: economics, economic anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, benefits, needs, indices, sociocentricity, universal well-being, sociocultural methodology, social norms, social order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.002

I.V. MELNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian History, Sociology and Political Science, Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky", Omsk, Russia

PHILOSOPHICAL INTENTIONS OF METAMODEN AND MODERN POLITICAL VALUES: THEORY VS PRACTICE? (PART 2. RESULTS AND REFLECTION)

The problem of the relationship between paradigms of thinking and political values is of great interest to modern social and humanitarian sciences. The aim of the study is to compare the metamodern declared by intellectuals and cultural bearers with the one actualized in political practice. Metamodern claims the status of a new paradigm of thinking. Paradigms are born before their embodiment in political discourse, but the current political process is, in our opinion, the highest manifestation, a way of embodiment and objectification of the general intentions of a particular cultural era, since it is a concentration, a point of the most complete implementation of ideas. We believe that the criterion of "actualization in political practice" acts as a kind of test of the strength of a particular intellectual trend, especially one claiming the status of a new paradigm. Metamodernism as an intellectual trend, articulated for the first time in the 2010s, is an insufficiently studied phenomenon, especially in the context of studying the axiological foundations of modern political processes. The sphere of social and humanitarian knowledge seems specific due to value-based and ideological conditioning in one form or another. For this reason, in our study of the designated problem, we resort to a proportionate methodology corresponding to the object and subject of political and philosophical reflection: in line with the axiological approach, we use the method of phenomenological reduction, which allows us to describe, rather than mechanically dissect (analyze) phenomena, gradually discovering meanings, eidetic essences of political experience, finding a correlate in consciousness and expressing it discursively. The result of the study were the conclusions obtained in the process of comparing what is declared in theory with what is actualized in practice, according to which, in our opinion, the status of metamodernism as a new paradigm cannot be discovered.

Key words: paradigm of thinking, modernism, postmodernism, metamodernism, political values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.003

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS: THE CONCEPT AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE IN THE FORMATION OF A NATIONAL IDEA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of civic consciousness, its key components and strategic significance in the formation of a national idea. Civic consciousness is a set of values, attitudes and behaviors that reflect conscious and active participation of individuals in the life of the state and society. It includes such components as legal culture, political activity, patriotism, social responsibility and tolerance. The development of civic consciousness helps strengthen national unity, increase the level of trust between citizens and authorities, as well as create conditions for the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The topic is especially relevant in the setting of rapidly changing global conditions due to ongoing turbulence in global politics. One of the strategic objectives of the federal education system is to prepare the younger generation in the conditions of the new civic consciousness, emerging civil society in Russia.

Key words: Russia, civic consciousness, strategy, national idea.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.004

M.V. OBIDIN Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACH IN MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

This article is devoted to the consideration of popularization process of the civilizational approach within the Western and then Russian political science framework, as well as the influence of the civilizational approach on the modern international relations theory and practice. Author examine civilizational approach emergence context, approach further evolution as well as the evolution of the context of its application both in political science, policy and diplomatic practice and, as a result, its consolidation as a modern Russian post-ideology.

The purpose of the study is to identify the most problematic aspects of the civilizational approach and point out the danger of its long-term use as conducting political science research basis and an excuse for international policy.

The main author's conclusion is the statement that the civilizational approach danger lies in lack of possibility to build a fundamentally new system of international relations or management practices within the state – it only allows to justify their very necessity. Thus, its suitability for use by the political elite is lost at the moment of the final assertion of its own methodological sovereignty in science and the formation of an independent political course in practice.

Key words: civilizational approach, international politics, political science, history of political science, political methodology.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.005

E.A. SVIRIDENKO Postgraduate student, Faculty of Philosophy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE TEACHINGS OF NIL SORSKY IN THE WORKS OF HIS ASSOCIATES IN THE 16TH CENTURY

The article is devoted to identifying the key positions and concepts of the theological and political teachings of Nil Sorsky, continued by his students in the 16th century. Based on numerous sources, the contribution of Nil Sorsky to the Orthodox monastic tradition was demonstrated, the creation of a new image of the monastery in Rus', where the monks lived separately from each other, but gathered together during services. His students, such as Vassian Patrikeev and Maxim Grek, tried to adapt his teaching to the realities of power and public life. Non-possessors presented themselves as spiritual mentors, called upon to be moral teachers for Russian rulers. Thus, Vassian Patrikeev gradually moved away from the idea of parity and equality between the state and the Church, while trying to influence the ruler more. However, some researchers believe that following strictly spiritual principles is impossible and even harmful as a basis for government. Maxim the Greek sought to propose reforms to modernize ideas about power. Thus, he recognized, in addition to the right of inheritance, elections as a legal way of replacing the throne. He saw royal power as limited by divine and earthly laws, and the royal figure must also fight temptations and passions, limiting himself. His ideal was a vision of deliberative organizations at the throne, full of prudent people, protecting the ruler from bad decisions. Nevertheless, Maxim the Greek remained closer to the monastic calling than Vassian Patrikeev, who became more of a social and political figure.

Key words: Nil Sorsky, Maxim the Greek, Vassian Patrikeev, non-possessors people, politics, history, religion, Orthodoxy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.006

M.N. SIBIRYAKOV M.A. (History), Postgraduate Student Faculty of History M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

THE BIRTH OF A NEW THEATRE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE CITY OF YAKUTSK IN THE CONDITIONS OF REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR

The article is devoted to the little-studied problem in regional historiography of the state of theatrical life in the Yakutia at a beginning of the XX century. The author consecrates the difficulties experienced by theater troupes in the difficult conditions of the revolution, Civil War and post-war devastation. The article discusses the issues of the formation of the national theater and its contribution to the development of theatrical art in the region. The author explores the work of the first professional directors and actors, and the acting skills of amateur actors have been improving, which has become the basis for the further development of the theatrical business in Yakutia. The author concludes that, thanks to the work of the first professional theater, Yakut national drama has been established, and town residents have become acquainted with Russian classical drama. The work of the national theater has had a positive impact on the spiritual and cultural life of the city. Despite the difficulties of wartime, the work of theater and theater groups has not only continued, but has intensified their production activities.

Key words: theater, folk theater, professional theaters, amateur theater, Civil War, cultural policy, everyday life.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.007

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

MAIN PERIODS OF EVOLUTION OF KURDISH STUDIES IN RUSSIA

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) – a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the second part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.008

G.V. TUMANYAN Graduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; curator of the Digoria Expert Club, Moscow, Russia

CITIZENS' ATTITUDE TO PARTICIPATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Modern public administration often resorts to the use of participatory technologies in public decision-making processes. The need to introduce these practices is determined by the desire to ensure broad participation of citizens in making important decisions, increase trust in government and improve the quality of decisions made. That is why it is important to study public sentiment and follow social trends in the process of forming a portfolio of participatory practices at various levels of government.

As part of the study, an attempt was made to formulate an image of participatory practices that are most popular among citizens. The motives of respondents regarding participation in socio-political processes characteristic of civil society were recorded.

Key words: participation, participatory management, public administration, civil society, political motives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.009

Z.T. KHUGAEV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL IDENTITY OF THE YOUTH OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT: AN ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH APPROACHES

The North Caucasus is a macroregion that is difficult from an ethnic, cultural, political and political-psychological point of view. Global, national and local trends intersect here, and both national and autochthonous political traditions, including traditions of political self-identification of citizens, coexist. In the context of the development of youth policy and the system of civic and patriotic education, aimed, among other things, at "reconciliation" of civil unity and ethnocultural diversity, the issues of identity formation of the youth of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are being actualized. In Russian political science, several models have developed for interpreting the identity of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus, distinguishing between national-state (civil, national-civil) and ethnopolitical (including ethno-clan), regional and macroregional varieties of it. Their common element is the recognition of the multilevel nature of this identity, which is reflected, among other things, in the concept of the "identity portfolio". Today, the key from a methodological point of view is the distinction between civil and ethnopolitical types of identity, which has significant heuristic potential in the context of the multiethnic nature and historically preserved autochthonous culture of the North Caucasian Federal District in general and its individual regions in particular. At the same time, a number of researchers are currently moving from the positions of their opposition to their consideration as coexisting and complementary phenomena.

Key words: North Caucasian Federal District, youth, "identity portfolio", national-state identity, ethnopolitical identity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.010

А.А. AMIANTOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration Russian Peoples' Friendship University of the Patrice Lumumba, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, Moscow, Russia

I.R. RABADANOV a political scientist, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, specialist in international relations, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITY ON THE APPROVAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article examines modern parliamentary personnel practice, implemented on the basis of the constitutional reform of 2020, by appointment of members of the Government of the Russian Federation, examines modern political and legal aspects of the formation of the Government of the Russian Federation through the parliamentary procedures of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federation Council, State Duma, Government of the Russian Federation, parliamentarism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.011

V.I. MAZHNIKOV Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines of the Moscow, Financial and Industrial University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF INFORMATION WAVES AND FAKE NEWS IN THE MODERN MEDIA SPHERE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of information waves and fake news, as well as the justification for the study of these manipulative practices. The author suggests the hypothesis that today the main mechanisms of manipulation and dissemination of propaganda in the interests of social and political actors on the web are information waves and fake news. The basis for this scientific assumption is the facts of the increasingly active use of political technologies and various forms and mechanisms of manipulation by the mass media. The practice of modern political communication through the media is quite often carried out using manipulative information technologies and, above all, information waves and fake news. The article also highlights the main stages of fake news formation and establishes the main criteria for identifying information waves in the media sphere.

Key words: media sphere, social networks, information waves, fake news, manipulation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.012

I.S. AMIANTOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

E.V. ZAPOROZSKIY Fourth-year student, Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THE MANIFESTATION OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN THE STATE PARTY SYSTEM

This article analyzes the reasons for the growing popularity of right-wing populist movements in the modern world. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the essence of populism in the state political process on the example of the activities of the political party Alternative for Germany. Populism as a political trend is associated with the deep crisis phenomena that have engulfed Western European society, in the context of the migration invasion, the growth of euroscepticism, social contradictions and the confrontation of traditionalist and progressive values. The article shows that modern populist movements are able to integrate into the institutional framework of liberal democracy, while maintaining their anti-systemic rhetoric.

Key words: populism, right-wing populism, Germany, identity, democracy, refugee crisis, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.014

S.V. VIKULINA Graduate student of the Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE RECRUITMENT CHANNELS AND CAREER PATHS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STATE DUMA OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF THE 8TH CONVOCATION

The article presents the results of the research of recruitment channels and career trajectories of the members of the State Duma of the VIII convocation. The study revealed four main segments of the professional development of representatives of the deputy corps, classified into narrower areas; also positions preceding the election as a federal parliamentarian were analyzed. Based on the collected data, career trajectories were identified, which make it possible to form an idea of the current HR policy of five political parties, to identify the main characteristic features in terms of the development of their personnel potential.

Key words: political elite, deputy corps, State Duma, recruitment channels, career trajectories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.015

S.I. KUZ Post-graduate, Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE NATURE OF THE ROLE OF THE MUNICIPAL LEADER (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW)

As part of the study of the phenomenon of municipal leadership, the article provides an analysis of the nature of the role of a municipal deputy using the example of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. The author identifies several groups of roles of the municipal leader based on the tools of his interaction with the voter, communication with other actors in the socio-political process and the legal framework regulating the work of councils of deputies. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the fact that the conventional division of roles into formal, informal and mixed allows us to talk about such characteristics of a municipal leader as a combination of political and administrative activities, the multi-level nature of interactions and integration simultaneously into social, socio-political, economic, budgetary and financial life district. Work at the local level of government should be understood in this context as a two-component (consisting of formal and informal interactions) environment in which a deputy builds his political career. Such a coordinate system, in which the municipal leader is simultaneously a legislator and a business executive, an ideologist and a mediator, a mouthpiece of public opinion and a representative of public authority, can lead to a mismatch of roles, and, as a consequence, inter-role and intra-role conflicts, which determines the practical significance of the study.

Key words: local government, municipal leadership, council of municipal deputies, social role, political role, Central Administrative District of Moscow.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.017

A. KOZIN Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL MODELS OF USING BIG DATA IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN 2017-2022

Algorithms based on big data are now ubiquitous both in companies and in public services. Political parties are not immune from exploiting the traces left on the Internet by users or the socio-demographic data of the population. Since Dean's pioneering campaign in the 2004 Democratic primary and his election as chairman of the Democratic National Committee between 2005 and 2009, "the revolution has not been televised." Two major projects have been undertaken within the US Democratic Party: the creation of a national voter list to centralize databases held locally by federations, and the introduction of a new online election platform called Party Builder. Thus, through data collection, candidates have the technical means to pinpoint the geographic areas where it is most beneficial to maximize activity, including orderly door-to-door campaigning and thus more easily persuade the undecided and the abstainers. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of national models for the use of big data in the electoral process of developed countries in 2017-2022.

Key words: national models, big data, electoral process, comparative analysis, candidate.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.018

A.V. LARIKHIN Postgraduate student of the State Government Institution of the Republic of Mordovia «Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia» Saransk, Russia

THE NATIONAL IDEA OF MODERN RUSSIA IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE POLITICAL ELITE

The article presents the results of an analysis of the discourse of the modern political elite of Russia regarding the national idea of the country and its main components. A definition of the concept of “national idea” is given, and the main elite groups represented in the political spectrum of the country are considered. It is emphasized that the evolution of the elite’s views on the national idea and Russia’s role in the world has transformed depending on external and internal factors. Based on the traditional and formalized analysis of documents, systematic and comparative analysis, the main narratives of the Russian elite are identified, which form the basis of the national idea of the state: patriotism, orthodoxy and eurasianism, the increase of the Russian people, the restoration of a great power. In conclusion, it is concluded that the Russian elite’s ideas about the national idea of modern Russia have common trends, among which are strong leadership, support for national interests, patriotism, restoration of geopolitical influence, self-sufficiency and independence of the state.

Key words: Russia, national idea, elite, president, patriotism, national interests, eurasianism, orthodoxy, national identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.019

LU XIAO Graduate student of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and International Processes of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY AS THE “CONDUCTOR'S BATON” OF XI JINPING'S POLICIES

At the turn of 2010-2020, the concept of “democracy” was clarified in China – its conceptual explanation, practical interpretation and applied practice. The purpose of the article is to show what role grassroots democracy plays in the practice of political governance in modern China. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how the idea of “people's democracy – democracy of the whole process” arose, how it transformed into the political concept of “people's democracy in the whole process”, how it was justified by politicians and scientists who concluded that “people's democracy in the whole process” is “democracy in Chinese”. The author believes that, guided by this philosophy, China has carried out a series of essential reforms at the grassroots level, declaring and guaranteeing the real rights of the people to participate in decision-making, management and control of party and state bodies. The author believes that “people's democracy in the whole process” is the guiding principle of political governance under Xi Jinping, his “conductor's baton”. The article demonstrates the specifics of Chinese grassroots democracy, how the right of the people to participate in the affairs of the state and its control “from below” is really realized. The author takes into account the diverse scientific discourse of the problem under consideration and presents his own ideas characterizing the practice of political leadership and mechanisms for involving the population in the management of the country. A comparative analysis of Western and Chinese practices of political management and political opportunities of the population is carried out. There are two key conclusions of the author. First, he believes, it is time to put an end to the liberal monopoly on the right to determine the content of the concept of “democracy”, since it does not have a single model. Using any one of them as a criterion for measuring democracy is in itself undemocratic. Secondly, the author believes that “people's democracy in the whole process” is a unifying policy for China, when the participation of the people is the core of real democracy.

Key words: China, the Communist Party of China, people's democracy, personnel processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.013

K.K. PRONIN Post-graduate student of the Department of Philosophical and Social Sciences I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

DEMOCRATIC IDEAS: THE EVOLUTION OF THEORETICAL MODELS

This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of various theoretical models of democracy, which at a certain historical stage of human development reflected public perceptions of democracy and its forms. The purpose of writing this article is to identify certain patterns of development of individual democratic institutions, as well as to determine the essence of the phenomenon of democracy. When writing this scientific article, such theoretical methods of scientific research as system analysis, the method of analogy and the method of generalization were mainly used. The author places special emphasis on the fact that the philosophical and theoretical rethinking of democratic ideas is directly related to the state of social development and the level of consciousness of the masses at a certain historical stage of the development of society. The socio-economic development of society has largely contributed to the formation of the syndrome of individualism, independence and self-expression of personality. Subsequently, giving special importance to the freedom of choice of a particular person contributed to the historical transition of most modern civilized states to a democratic political system, which symbolized a new stage in the development of mankind as a whole.

Key words: democracy, theoretical model of democracy, democratic institution, individualism, freedom of choice.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.020

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.A. NAZAROVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCTIC TOURISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern socio-legal aspects and trends in the development of Arctic tourism, carried out by government bodies at various levels, which made it possible to increase the tourist flow to the Arctic in 2023 to 1 million people. Specific mechanisms of this activity are considered, the positive dynamics of the current federal and regional legislation in this area and promising areas for improvement in the context of sanctions from certain countries are noted.

Key words: Arctic tourism, domestic tourism, development of the tourism industry, regional regulation of tourism activities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.021

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES AS A UNIVERSAL TOOL FOR SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article shows that today digital and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies act as a universal tool for socio-political and economic transformation of modern society. The author notes that this process will significantly accelerate with the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and against the background of clear successes, generative artificial intelligence poses new serious challenges in the field of cybersecurity. This new technology could be used to create more sophisticated phishing messages and emails, as well as create opportunities for attackers to impersonate people or organizations, leading to an increase in identity theft or fraud. The proliferation of "deep spoofs" that create more realistic video, audio or image recordings can cause serious harm to States and organizations as well as individuals. The author notes that the potential for using GenAI technologies to manipulate and disseminate disinformation, as well as their use in the format of state cyberterrorism, including in the process of organizing and conducting color revolutions and political destabilization operations, is quite high.

Key words: artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, UN, threats to information security, cyberterrorism, generative artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.022

T.V. BARABANOVA Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg: Postgraduate student, Assistant at the Higher School of Media Communications and Public Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE THIRD DECADE OF THE XXI CENTURY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

Within the framework of this article, the author makes one of the first attempts to comprehend the educational policy of Russia in the context of informational confrontation and geopolitical challenges of the third decade of the XXI century. The purpose of the work is to determine the essential content of the concept of "educational policy" within the framework of the state's interest in the field of national security. The content analysis of the "National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation" adopted in 2021 showed that educational policy is considered as a set of goals and objectives of the state in relation to the functioning of the education system, based on the preservation of cultural sovereignty, historical and cultural heritage of the country, ethical bonds reproduced by the Russian world in civilizational social development. The study showed a high level of importance of educational policy in the system of strategic priorities, goals and measures in the field of domestic and foreign policy of Russia, on which the future of the state and the national security of the country depends.

Key words: educational policy, national security strategy, cultural sovereignty, ethical values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.023

E.P. SHULGA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Surgut State Pedagogical University, Surgut, Russia

THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION TO THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG ON THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE

The topic of migration is becoming more relevant day by day, not only scientifically, but also politically. Top officials of the state touch on this topic, conversations in the "kitchen" in society do not leave this topic alone. As a response to the unregulated flows of migrants in the country, radical movements and communities are emerging. Tension in society is growing, and all this requires scientific analysis. The purpose of the work is to analyze migration flows in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the early 20s of the XXI century, to understand the reasons for the opportunities for migrants. For this purpose, the author widely used materials from the All-Russian censuses and materials from demographic bulletins of the Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, materials from the press and online publications. The main research methods are comparison and graphical representation of data, which allows you to quickly assess the ratio of several values. Thus, having plotted the migration balance, the author comes to the conclusion that the outflow and influx of migrants is in no way related to political events, coronavirus restrictions or.

Key words: migration, population census, schedule, ethnic crime, migration policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.024

S.A. STEPANOV PhD professor, Department of the history and Law and public administration of the Law Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

L. SHAABAN PhD student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE UAE’S “SOFT POWER” IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY RESOURCES’ DIVERSIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MASDAR CITY PROJECT

In connection with the climate changes that humanity is facing, more and more countries are switching to the so-called renewable energy sources (RES), the UAE, which proposed the Masdar initiative, was no exception. As you know, this initiative includes a project to create a high-tech city – Masdar City, which is expected to involve high-tech developments and building materials that have a beneficial effect on the environment. According to preliminary forecasts, the materials that will be used in the construction of the city will help reduce energy and water consumption by 40%, which will undoubtedly have an extremely beneficial impact on the state of the environment in the fight against climate change. Among other things, the Masdar City project is an integral part of the UAE’s “soft power” in attracting “green investments” and creating a favorable image of the country around the world. In general, the construction of a “smart” city also fits into the implementation of the “Energy Concept 2050” of the UAE, according to which the UAE plans to increase the share of renewable energy in the country’s fuel and energy balance (FEB) up to 44% with a total investment of more than 150 billion dollars. Thus, the article proves the proposition that the UAE is unlikely to abandon the course taken to introduce renewable energy sources and thereby develop a “green” economy.

Key words: UAE, Masdar City, RES, diversification, “green” economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.025

Z.Е. MALIKOVA Associate Professor of Baku Slavic University PhD in political science, Baku, Azerbaijan

GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Azerbaijan, as a rapidly developing country, skilfully uses its economic and political opportunities to realize its national interests, as well as to strengthen its regional and global positions. In the context of foreign policy priorities, Azerbaijan is committed to the principles of peaceful coexistence and mutual partnership with all actors of international politics. In particular, taking into account geostrategic and geopolitical factors, Azerbaijan is developing strategic partnership relations with the leading actors of international politics, including its closest neighbor, Russia. The geopolitical aspects of the relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Russian Federation were investigated and comparatively analyzed in the article.

Key words: Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, foreign policy priorities, bilateral relations, geopolitical interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.026

TAO ZILONG Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY OF KAZAKHSTAN UNDER PRESIDENT K.-Zh.K. TOKAYEV

The study is devoted to the analysis of the foreign diplomatic strategy of Kazakhstan under President K.-Zh.K. Tokayev in the context of modern challenges arising in the global political arena. The author analyzes strategic decisions and strategic steps taken against their background, aimed at ensuring sustainable development and strengthening external relations of Kazakhstan. In the article, the author examines the dynamics of foreign policy relations, focusing on the interaction of Kazakhstan with strategically important states. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms by which Kazakhstan achieves a balance of interests with foreign policy partners, as well as to the study of the economic and political aspects of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2030. Such an analysis will help to understand Kazakhstan's approach to the formation of its foreign policy and identify key factors influencing the effectiveness of foreign policy diplomacy, which is the main component of Kazakhstan's diplomatic strategy.

Key words: Kazakhstan, foreign diplomacy, strategic partners.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.027

LI QIAN PhD Candidate, School of Word Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S APPROACH TO UN PEACEKEEPING

The purpose of this article is a historical study of China's position regarding UN peacekeeping over the past 33 years, the reasons and characteristics of these changes. The author points out that since the establishment of the PRC in 1949 and until now, with the increase in the power and international status of the PRC, peacekeeping activities, undergoing significant quantitative and qualitative changes, are acquiring an increasingly important role in the field of international peacekeeping affairs.

Key words: peacekeeping, the United Nations (UN), the People's Republic of China (PRC), ensuring peace and security, foreign policy, the international system, key power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.028

AL- KHALEDI MOOHIALDIN MOHAMMED AHMED Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

DIPLOMATIC MEANS AND METHODS OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN YEMEN

Diplomacy is a crucial aspect of political decision-making, as it addresses conflicts and crises between countries, strengthens international relations, and contributes to the formulation of foreign policy. It involves political negotiation and aims to bridge the gap between different countries' viewpoints through methods like negotiation, mediation, and good offices. Diplomatic efforts are especially valuable in managing political crises and conflicts, provided that negotiators understand their role and the responsibility they hold. However, in the case of Yemen, diplomacy has been ineffective in resolving the country's political conflict and the larger crisis, primarily because Yemeni negotiators have failed to comprehend and fulfil their responsibility towards their homeland.

Key words: Diplomatic means, negotiations, Yemen crisis, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.029

Т.О. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

THE 2003 US AND ALLIED INVASION OF IRAQ AND THEIR GEOPOLITICAL GOALS

In the article, the author reveals the invasion of the United States and its allies into the territory of Iraq in 2003 and its geopolitical goals, touches on the history of the issue, namely the presence of the United States in this region in the 20th century, during the Cold War, and what significance this region has in the context of foreign US policy in the early 21st century, and the influence of the geopolitical concept of "rimland" on US foreign policy in the 21st century. The author is also interested in the military-political steps of the United States and its allies in this region, which contribute to the establishment of American dominance not only in this region, but also the global dominance of the United States. How the United States uses the strengthening of its presence against the regional competitor and adversary of the United States – Iran, and what general strategies are used by the White House in the region to establish beneficial military-political relations with the countries of the region. How does the US presence in the region help counteract global players such as China and Russia, which also have their own interests there? In this article, the author uses analysis, logic and a systematic approach as methods that contribute to the study of this topic.

Key words: 2003 US invasion of Iraq, rimland concept, US geopolitical goals in Iraq, engagement strategy, containment strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.030

А.М. SPORSHEV Senior Lecturer at the Department of European and International Law, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

А.А. KHODYREVA Intern researcher at the scientific association "Arctic Community", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

CAPABILITIES AND AMBITIONS OF FINLAND AND SWEDEN IN THE FIELD OF NATO NUCLEAR DETERRENCE POLICY

The recent accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO has sparked discussion about changes in the countries' nuclear policies. The accession of historically neutral non-nuclear states affects the nuclear deterrence of the Alliance, which raises the question of how willing Finland and Sweden are to participate in it. The article analyzes the military potential of the peaceful nuclear industry, possible models of participation in NATO nuclear programs and operations, as well as the attitude of the public and authorities of Finland and Sweden towards nuclear weapons.

Key words: NATO, Sweden, Finland, nuclear control, nuclear weapons, international security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.031

LI ZIMAN Postgraduate student of Political Science of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, China

REGIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AS A TOOL TO STRENGTHEN SECURITY CO-OPERATION AFTER SCO ENLARGEMENT

The article examines the strengthening of security co-operation in the SCO with the accession of India, Pakistan and Iran. It discusses the deepening of security cooperation within the organisation by improving the mechanism of providing public goods in regional security. It is noted that public goods strengthen co-operation with other security mechanisms and enhance the role of leading countries China and Russia in regional security. The author uses the theory of regional public goods to analyse ways to enhance security cooperation. The significance of public goods of security cooperation within the SCO is analysed in the context of the problems of organisational positioning and institutional integration. Specific choices on how to deepen security co-operation in the SCO after enlargement are proposed, which provides new thinking for the sustainable development of the SCO. The results of the study show that deepening security cooperation is the most important goal of the organisation, and the demand and supply of public goods of regional security affect the development prospects of the organisation after enlargement. It is concluded that deepening security cooperation and improving the public goods of regional security can only bring the member states closer together and promote the better development of the SCO.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), security cooperation, regional public goods, membership expansion, regional security situation, Central Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.032

A.A. CHACRAN Independent researcher Republic of Benin, Cotonou

THE QUESTION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF AFRICAN STATES IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA UNDER THE INTERVENTION OF WESTERN POWERS

The article analyzes the changes in the status of African states in the international arena in the first quarter of the XXI century in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. The problem of ignoring the sovereignty of African states by Western countries and the threats that exist in this regard is raised. The possibility of transferring the issue of the sovereignty of African States from the sphere of international law to the practical plane of international relations is being considered.

Key words: sovereignty, independence, constitution, multipolarity, Africa, Western countries, Charter of the Imperialists, the United Nations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.016

ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia Cotonou, Benin

AGONNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the Department of Public Policy and history of state and law. Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia Cotonou, Benin

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN TRENDS

The article is devoted to the history of development and prospects for the foreign policy of the Republic of Benin, in the current geopolitical conditions. The main historical factors contributing to the development of the foreign policy of the Republic of Benin are considered. Strategic planning documents have been studied and current trends in the country's foreign policy have been identified. Particular attention was paid to the country's contemporary foreign policy discourse, in particular the statements of the President of the Republic of Benin, Patrice Talon, on issues of regional stability and political instability in Niger during his address to the nation in December 2023.

Key words: Republic of Benin, history of foreign policy, diplomacy, strategic planning, sovereignty, African continent, UN, ECOWAS, Niger, Patrice Talon.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.033

ZHAO YAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHINA’S ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION SYSTEM AFTER REFORM AND OPENING UP

In this article, the author analyzes the main contents of “China’s Environmental Supervision System” and explains the process of its development. The achievements of China’s environmental supervision system after reform and opening up mainly include three aspects: China’s environmental supervision system is becoming more and more perfect, the institutions and personnel of China’s environmental supervision are becoming more and more reliable, and the punishment for environmental violations has been continuously strengthened. In addition, based on the current new situation and the new progress in China’s environmental governance, the author believes that China’s current environmental supervision system still has shortcomings, such as the inability to coordinate the contradiction between environmental law enforcement and economic development in some areas, and the relatively backward enforcement capacity of environmental law enforcement in some areas.

Key words: China, environmental supervision systems, environmental law, environmental law enforcement, environmental management, results, problem.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.034

CHALAN SAID FARHAN Postgraduate studies of the Faculty of International Relations. Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIAN-IRANIAN UNDERSTANDING IN SYRIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GEOSTRATEGIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This article is devoted to the issues of interaction between Russia and Iran within the framework of their strategic cooperation in the Syrian crisis, as well as the directions of its influence on the development of the political situation in the Middle East region. The article analyzes the features of strategic Russian-Iranian interaction, their interests regarding influence in the region, features of participation in the Syrian conflict and positions on its resolution. An analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of Russian-Iranian interaction in the region is presented in the context of the specifics of the current state of the Syrian crisis.

Key words: Syria, Russia, Iran, Syrian conflict, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.035

SHAO JIANINA Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Supervisor: V.M. KAPITSYN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF SINO-INDIAN RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article analyzes the causes, influence of progressive cooperation between India and China, describes historical Indo-Chinese interrelations, on the basis of which grows military, economic and political interaction between the peoples of the two powers, lists the reasons, especially important for the mutually beneficial development of the states in the XXI century, provides Perspectives on the development of Indo-Chinese cooperation.

Key words: China, India, cooperation, reasons, historical prerequisites.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.036

R.ELIMKHAJIYEV Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

TAIWAN AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND CHINA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

Aim. Based on the materials devoted to the issue of Taiwan as a factor in the transformation of international relations between the United States and China, to identify the theoretical and methodological aspect of this issue.

Methodology. The key research method was a retrospective analysis and a comparative analysis of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China through the prism of the Taiwan issue.

Results. Based on comparative and retrospective analysis, it was revealed that the United States of America is actively operating on the position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for its own geopolitical purposes, but modernity reflects the possibility of a sharp change in the political situation on the world stage in favor of China.

Research implications. The obtained conclusions make it possible to use them in the modern scientific field to develop new scientific and political conclusions that can be taken as a basis for the formation of a particular geopolitical course.

Key words: Asian region, Republic of China (Taiwan), PRC, unofficial relations, USSR, USA, partially recognized state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.037

E. BIRINCI Candidate of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE STATE OF ISRAEL IN SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST DURING THE COLD WAR

This paper examines the intricate dynamics of Israel's position within Soviet foreign policy towards the Middle East, exploring the geopolitical strategies, ideological conflicts, and diplomatic maneuvers that characterized Soviet-Israeli relations from the early Cold War period to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Initially, the Soviet Union supported the creation of Israel, hoping to gain a foothold in the Middle East and counter British influence. However, as Israel increasingly aligned with the United States, The USSR began to distance itself from Israel, instead backing Arab states as part of a broader strategy to challenge American dominance in the region. Consequently, Soviet-Israeli relations became a barometer for the broader East-West rivalry, with diplomatic and military engagements in the Middle East serving as critical arenas for Cold War competition. During the 1980s, Soviet-Israeli relations were characterized by a complex interplay of hostility and tentative rapprochement. The early 1980s saw the USSR supporting Arab states and Palestinian groups against Israel, reflecting its anti-Western stance. However, Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika policies in the latter part of the decade led to a more pragmatic Soviet approach, aiming to reduce Cold War tensions and improve relations with the West, including Israel. This shift eased Jewish emigration restrictions and initiated diplomatic engagement, paving the way for full diplomatic relations in 1991.

Key words: Israel, USSR, Middle East, foreign policy, Cold War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.038

LIANG WEIHANG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This work is devoted to the analysis of the Biden administration’s competitive strategy against China in the Middle East, so the object of study is the US strategy in the Middle East. The purpose of our research is to determine the features of the current US administration's competitive strategy towards China and the ways of its implementation. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks were developed: the history of the evolution of US policy towards China in the Middle East. Contextual factors that led to this evolution; the current stage of the Biden administration's competitive strategy towards China in the Middle East and specific ways of its implementation.

Key words: USA, foreign policy, Middle East, China, international relations, regional and global studies.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.039

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

PARTY SYSTEMS AND DUVERGER'S LAWS: ON THE QUESTION OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article attempts to analyze the role of political parties and modern party systems in the modern political process. The features of the typology of party systems are revealed. The importance of developing a multi-party system and a party system in each country is emphasized, taking into account the political traditions and political culture of the society that have developed in the country.

Key words: party systems, modern political process, typology of party systems, functions of political parties, ideology, political culture, traditional culture.

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Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 5 (105), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Melnikova I.V. The Philosophical Intentions of Metamodern and Modern Political Values: Theory VS Practice?

Telyatnik T.E. Theoretical and Methodological Understanding of the Phenomena of the World of Politics as a Subject of Political Philosophy

Mironova O.Yu. «Sobornost and Total Solidarity»: to the Question of the Political Program of Russian Cosmism

Choi Jae Duk. Some Approaches to Defining the Modern World Order

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Volkov V.V. The Place of Conservatism in the Formation of State Ideology of Bourgeois Modernization in Russia after Reforms

Chentsov A.S. Organs and Troops of the NKVD of the USSR of East Prussia: Structure and Tasks

Belov S.I., Gorobets V.V. The Image of the First World War in the Perception of the Community of Russian Gamers

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Astvatsaturova M.A., Dzakhova L.Kh. Ethnoidentification Bases of Patriotism as a Problem-Topical Field of Regional Scientific Journalism

Chemshit D.A. The Crisis of Political Participation as a Form of Dysfunction of the Political System

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Zakharov A.A. Ethnopolitical Processes in Modern Russia: Essence and Key Factors

Komar I.V., Makarov A.V. Measuring Political Stabilityin the Interests of Authorities

Kalakutsky A.V. Information Technologies and their Role in Political Management

Kotova E.A. The Russian Orthodox Church and the State: the Role in the Formation of Patriotism and Mechanisms of Interaction with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Feoktistov N.M. Some Regional Electoral Cycles in the Context of Federal Transformation Processes in Modern Russia on the Example of the Krasnoyarsk Region

Kostina T.A. Subjects of the Russian Federation and State Policy in the Field of Local Self-Government

Laliev Kh.E. The Role of the Internet in the Political Process

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Poyarkov R.A. On the Development of Digital Competencies of State Civil Servants of the Russian Federation

Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen, Bychkov A.A. Research and Perspectives of Digital Transformation of Government Administration

Dyshenova N.R., Chunikhinа A.A., Kornetov A.N., Kolosova O.A., Novoselsky S.O. Charity Policy: Evolution and Socio-Psychological Aspects

Krasavin E.V. Problems of Implementing the Concept of “Sustainable Development” in Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Transformations

Syrbu A.N., Torgushnikova V.V. Modern Tools for PR Support at the Regional Level of Public Administration

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Alaudinov A.A. Russia's Goals and Objectives in the Special Military Operation in Ukraine and in a Hybrid War Against the Collective West

Araev S.I., Titov M.K. Ukrainian Neo-Nazism as a Tool of Political Elites of Western Countries in the Fight Against Russia

Egorov S.S. The Political Crisis in Ukraine: Genesis, Causes and Consequences for Relations with Russia

Lena Milojevic. Independence of the EU and the Special Military Operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine

Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Prospects for the Implementation of Turkey's Idea to Create an Army of Turkic States

Zinnurov I.Kh. Features of the Development of Modern Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation Between Russia and Azerbaijan

Dong Dan. The Influence of Political, Economic and Cultural Factors on the Development of Sino-Russian Relations in the XIX-XX Centuries

Rad'kova T.V. Italian Strategic Culture in the Context of N. Machiavelli's Management Principles

Sun Xiaomeng, Medvedev N.P. Non-Traditional Security Threats and Ways to Counter Them in the Context of International Cooperation

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. History of Kurdish Studies in Russia

Dombrovskaia E.I. The Issue of Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Dong Wanli. Analyzing the Yoon Seok-Yeol Administration's Foreign Policy Toward China

Katkov I.E. Counter-Sanctions Measures of The Russian Federation as a Response to the Political and Economic Restrictions of Unfriendly Countries (Using the Example of the Fuel and Energy Complex)

Telegin D.S. The Architecture of Military and Political Deterrence of the People's Republic of China in the Indo-Pacific Region

Tikhonov V.G. Economic Influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Yulova A.A. Finnish Practices in Preserving Saami Cultural Heritage

Yan Yitong. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Arctic in the Context of the Polar Silk Road

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.001

I.V. MELNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National History, Sociology and Political Science Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia

THE PHILOSOPHICAL INTENTIONS OF METAMODERN AND MODERN POLITICAL VALUES: THEORY VS PRACTICE?

The problem of the correlation of paradigms of thinking and political values is of inescapable interest for modern social sciences and humanities. The aim of the study is to compare the meta-modern declared by intellectuals and cultural trainees with the one actualized in political practice. Metamodern claims to be a new paradigm of thinking. Paradigms originate before being embodied in political discourse, however, the actual political process is, in our opinion, the highest manifestation, a way of embodying and objectifying the general intentions of a particular cultural epoch, since it is the concentration, the point of the most complete realization of ideas. We believe that the criterion of "actualization in political practice" acts as a kind of test for the strength of one or another intellectual trend, especially claiming the status of a new paradigm. Metamodern as an intellectual trend, articulated for the first time in the 10s of the XXI century, is an insufficiently studied phenomenon, especially in the context of the study of the axiological foundations of modern political processes. The sphere of social and humanitarian knowledge seems to be specific because of the value-worldview conditionality in one form or another. For this reason, in our study of the designated problem, we resort to a proportionate methodology corresponding to the object and subject of political and philosophical reflection: in line with the axiological approach, we use the method of phenomenological reduction, which allows us to describe, rather than mechanically dissect (analyze) phenomena, gradually discovering meanings, eidetic essences of political experience, find correlates in consciousness and express its discursive. The result of the study were the conclusions obtained in the process of comparing what is declared in theory with what is actualized in practice, according to which, according to our estimates, the status of metamodern as a new paradigm cannot be detected.

Key words: Paradigm of thinking, modern, postmodern, metamodern, political values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.002

T.E. TELYATNIK Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of KubSU, Krasnodar, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHENOMENA OF THE WORLD OF POLITICS AS A SUBJECT OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

The article discusses political philosophy as one of the important areas in political science. The author of the article draws attention to current research in this area, and also gives a descriptive description of the methodological potential of political philosophy.

Key words: philosophy of politics, value approach, methodology of political philosophy, political sphere, subject of political philosophy, philosophy, political science, socio-political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.003

O.YU. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student, Department of the History of Social and Political Thought, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

«SOBORNOST AND TOTAL SOLIDARITY»: TO THE QUESTION OF THE POLITICAL PROGRAM OF RUSSIAN COSMISM

The article focuses on the problem of defining the essential features of the philosophy of Russian cosmism, due to the fact that overly broad interpretations of this concept raise the question about the necessity of its existence in scientific discourse. The main purpose of this article is to determine the place of Russian cosmism in the history of Russian thought and highlight its key characteristics. The author considers the existing approaches to this problem and agrees with the position according to which the key ideas of Russian cosmism are a man connected with the cosmos and active project of changes of human being and the world. However, the author suggests specifying the evolution of mankind to the following directions: moral and ethical education of man based on new principles, orientation of society to achievements in the field of science and establishment of socio-political unity of all humanity. This specification allows narrowing the research field of Russian cosmism, and also confirms the necessity and relevance of analyzing this direction from the standpoint of socio-political sciences.

Key words: active evolution, history of social and political studies, Russian philosophy, Russian cosmism, sobornost.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.004

CHOI JAE DUK Professor, Head of Center for politics and Diplomacy at the Institute of ROK-China relations at Wongwang University Republic of Korea, Iksan, Korea

SOME APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE MODERN WORLD ORDER

Today there is a crisis in the liberal global order, and there is a rise in new centers of power. The lack of a unified content of the very concept of “liberal world order” classifies this issue as debatable. The competition between the United States and China for global hegemony, the changing role of Russia in the international arena, the challenge from developing countries, the consequences of the pandemic – all these and other factors of global development significantly influenced the structure and content of the existing world order. Russia is the main opponent of the liberal global order.

Key words: world order, global development, liberal global order, multilateral approach, USA, China, Russian Federation.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.005

V.V. VOLKOV Associate Professor Doctor of Economic Sciences Senior Lecturer of Department of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines Military-Transport Institute (Railroad Troops) of Military Academy of Logistics named after Army General A.V. Khruleva, Moscow, Russia

THE PLACE OF CONSERVATISM IN THE FORMATION OF STATE IDEOLOGY OF BOURGEOIS MODERNIZATION IN RUSSIA AFTER REFORMS

The article deals with the problem of conservative tendencies in the development of the state ideology of bourgeois modernization. The author believes that the conservative ideology of the bureaucratic elite of Russia during the reign of Alexander II and Alexander III was a natural tool for ideological substantiation of bourgeois transformations and was widely used by the state authorities. The outcome of the ideological search for government conservatives was the national conservative ideology. It relied on state capitalism and protectionism and became a counterbalance not only to bourgeois liberalism, but also to the concept of state socialism.

Key words: modernization, state ideology, conservatism, liberalism, autocracy, reforms, minister, nobility.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.006

A.S. CHENTSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Research Center (Fundamental Military Historical Problems) of the Federal State Treasury Military Educational Institution of Higher Education "Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ORGANS AND TROOPS OF THE NKVD OF THE USSR OF EAST PRUSSIA: STRUCTURE AND TASKS

The article considers the issues of transformation of the structure and tasks of the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, operating on the territory of East Prussia in 1945-1946. As a result of the analysis of sources not previously introduced into scientific circulation, the composition of the grouping of the forces of the NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic operation, as well as during the period of leadership of the province of military authorities, is shown. Special attention is paid to the creation of the office of the commissioner of the NKVD – NKGB of the USSR in East Prussia – the predecessor of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kaliningrad region.

Key words: The Great Patriotic War, East Prussia, the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, the apparatus of the NKVD commissioners of the USSR on the fronts, the NKVD – NKGB commissioner of the USSR for East Prussia, operational sectors and operational groups of the NKVD of the USSR, the fight against sabotage and terrorist formations of the enemy, protection of public order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.007

S.I. BELOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

V.V. GOROBETS Junior Researcher, Department of Political Science, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Master student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE COMMUNITY OF RUSSIAN GAMERS

The aim of the work is to assess the perception of the events of the First World War by Russians who actively consume products of the gaming industry. The theoretical basis of the study is formed by a combination of functional and cultural-semiotic approaches to the interpretation of social memory. The materials of a cybermetric study conducted using the IQBuzz service act as the empirical basis of the work. A weighted sample of 200 messages generated by cybermetrics was subjected to content analysis. The results obtained allow us to state that most gamers associate it mainly with negative events that erode their ingroup favoritism. At the same time, a significant part of these memory figures is endogenous in origin, i.e. is perceived as a consequence of the mistakes or incompetence of the Russian elites. The latter are perceived in a collective way within the framework of the system of ideas about Nicholas II, which forms a symbol of the managerial inefficiency of the establishment. The predominance of tragic content in the absence of positive outcomes that compensate for the victims of the war turns this event into an exception, causing significant damage to the positive historical myth that dominates the public mind.

Key words: World War I, image, cultural memory, gamers, identity.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.008

M.A. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Director, Chief Researcher of the Scientific and Educational Center for Political and Ethnopolitical Research of Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

L.Kh. DZAKHOVA Doctor of Political Science, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

ETHNOIDENTIFICATION BASES OF PATRIOTISM AS A PROBLEM-TOPICAL FIELD OF REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNALISM

The article presents a study of the reflection of the problem of patriotism in the regional scientific and journalistic array of North Ossetia-Alania. The theses of scientific journalism addressed to civil Russian patriotism are traced, and ideas dedicated to ethnic patriotism are identified, i.e. patriotism, which is determined by ethnic identification interests.

The connection between the meanings of civil Russian patriotism and patriotism in relation to one’s people – its cultural complex is clarified. There is a research trend that substantiates the mutual dependence of civil and ethnic principles in the formation of patriotic consciousness and patriotic sentiments in society. The actual North Ossetian historical and cultural principles of patriotism are highlighted as a component of the patriotism of Russians - a multi-ethnic civil nation.

Key words: patriotism, ethnic patriotism, ethnocultural, ethnopolitical interests, competition with patriotism, polyethical Russian nation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.009

D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

THE CRISIS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AS A FORM OF DYSFUNCTION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

The article develops the topic of functional measurement of crises of modernizing political systems. The crisis of political participation as a consequence of the crisis of resource allocation is chosen as the subject. There is a significant influence of forms of political participation on the stability of the political system. It is pointed out that the latest problematic forms of political participation often become the destabilizer of modernizing political systems. The most significant socio-political functions of political participation are highlighted: instrumental and internal. The first is used to select a representative of the government and to legally separate it. The second emphasizes the normative dimension of political participation and is significant in the search for human self-determination. The role and objects of political participation are investigated depending on the nature of the political regime. The types of unconventional political participation are indicated. The emphasis is made: the more crisis-like political participation becomes, the higher the degree of delegitimization of the political system. It is stated that the stability of the political system is also affected by such a function of political participation as the translation of social interests.

Key words: political system, political participation, political modernization, modernization crisis, dysfunction of the political system, unconventional political participation.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.010

A.A. ZAKHAROV Postgraduate student of the Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA: ESSENCE AND KEY FACTORS

The article defines the essence, identifies and systematizes ethnopolitical processes in the modern Russian state. The significance of ethnopolitical factors in Russia is due to both historical factors and current transformations of the international system and state development. The connection between ethnic relationships and political processes has a double relationship in the Russian Federation, defining many multidirectional processes and trends in state development in a complex system of ethnopolitical relations. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence and systematize the key factors of ethnopolitical processes in modern Russia. To achieve it, it seems necessary to solve a number of problems: identifying the essence of Russian ethnopolitical processes; identification and systematization of the main factors of ethnopolitical processes in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was the approaches of behaviorism and institutionalism, which made it possible to combine the consideration of statistical data and current political processes in modern Russia with an understanding of their institutional conditionality by state processes of the Russian Federation. The article determines that the essence of ethnopolitical processes lies in representing the interests or achieving the goals of ethnic groups operating within a certain political system. Among the key factors of ethnopolitical processes in Russia, we can highlight external ones, related to the global and international processes of the modern world, as well as internal ones, to a greater extent determined by state policy and the activities of the ethnic groups themselves. Regardless of the basis of ethno-political processes, their significance for the Russian state is noted by the country’s leadership and involves joint work to develop interethnic and ethno-state dialogue that ensures the stability of the Russian Federation.

Key words: ethnopolitics, ethnicity, political process, factor, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.011

I.V. KOMAR Specialist of the Information Technology Center of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

A.V. MAKAROV Administrator of the program «Internal Policy and Leadership» of the Faculty of Public and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

MEASURING POLITICAL STABILITYIN THE INTERESTS OF AUTHORITIES

Understanding the essence of power and methods of measuring its characteristics have long been the subject of discussion in scientific papers and in applied political research both in Russia and in the world. Throughout the long history of studying such a fundamental political phenomenon as power, a large block of scientific works has been formed using various methods and approaches to its study.

This paper considers the modern concept of political stability of power. In addition, the article presents a model of measuring the political stability of power developed by the authors, as well as offers recommendations on the use of the model in the interests of political power.

Key words: domestic policy, political stability, political stability measurement matrix.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.012

A.V. KALAKUTSKY Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Economics and Management of the Samara National Research University of the аcademician S.P. Korolev (Samara University), Samara, Russia

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN POLITICAL MANAGEMENT

The article explores the multifaceted process of using information and communication technologies in the political sphere and its impact on society. The authors analyze the complexities that arise when trying to understand how people use these technologies and how they influence them, paying attention to the uncertainty that generates unrealistic expectations and fears among people. The article emphasizes that a deep understanding of this process requires a combination of technical knowledge with a historical understanding of people's lives, traditions, and customs of a specific country. The stages of creating, collecting, storing, processing, and disseminating information are discussed, emphasizing their significance for the work of political actors and the realization of their interests in the political space. Special attention is paid to the role of information and communication technologies in contemporary politics and their ability to influence political processes and public opinion. The article provides an overview of current literature on the topic, presenting a comprehensive view of the issue.

Key words: information and communication technologies, political process, information creation, information collection, information storage, information processing, information dissemination, political strategies, mobilization, research.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.013

E.A. KOTOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE: THE ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM AND MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION WITH THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article concerns a topical issue – the interaction of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian army. The purpose of the study is to assess the role of the ROCH in the formation of a patriotic attitude and qualities necessary for the military to defeat the enemy, as well as to identify the characteristic mechanisms by which the ROCH participates in the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a legitimate and spiritually influential ideological structure. The researcher sets himself the task of analyzing the history of the development of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as legislation in this area, internal church documents regulating the activities of the military clergy. Attention is also paid to the actual practice of serving military clergy, in particular, during the period of a special military operation in Ukraine. It is concluded that the state supports the strengthening of the ideological influence and presence of ROCH priests in the Russian army, however, without giving them additional legal preferences that would provide social guarantees and benefits in case of injury or death. In addition, there is a tendency to sacralize military operations, which is reflected in the symbolic nomination of military units. Information support for the Russian army and the Institute of military clergy is also noted on social networks and on the website of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodoxy, Russian army, armed forces, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.014

N.M. FEOKTISTOV Graduate student at the Institute of Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

SOME REGIONAL ELECTORAL CYCLES IN THE CONTEXT OF FEDERAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION

This article, using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, analyzes several stages of regional electoral cycles in the context of federal electoral processes in order to identify the features of interaction between the Center and the regions. The problems of transformation processes in modern Russia are considered through the prism of electoral perception.

Key words: electoral cycle, political election campaign, Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional electoral processes, federal center.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.015

T.A. KOSTINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and International Relations of the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chelyabinsk State University", Chelyabinsk, Russia

SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the implementation of state policy on the development of local self-government.

The purpose of the study is to study the process of formation of public authorities of the Subjects of the Russian Federation as subjects of state policy in the field of LSG in the period after the adoption of the current Constitution of Russia. Systematic, institutional, comparative and historical scientific methods are used. It is concluded that the content, goals and objectives of the state policy in the field of LSG are determined by the federal government, and the powers of the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in its implementation depend on the state of the state and the nature of relations between the center and the regions in a specific period of the country's development.

Key words: local self-government, subjects of the Russian Federation, state policy, public authorities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.016

Kh.E. LALIEV North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS

The article examines a complex and contradictory process – the penetration of Internet technologies into the political sphere of society, examines political communication in the Internet space, highlights the forms of political participation of citizens through Internet technologies, and highlights the advantages of using the network in the political sphere of society.

Key words: Internet, political process, Internet communications, politics, mass communications.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.017

R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia, founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES OF STATE CIVIL SERVANTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the importance of developing digital competencies among state civil servants of the Russian Federation in the context of global digitization and transition to a digital economy. The authors argue for the need for an integrative approach to the formation and assessment of digital competencies, which includes setting goals, detailing content, structuring development methods, and criteria for evaluating results. Special attention is paid to the proposal to enshrine the concepts of "digital competencies" and requirements for them in regulatory acts, which will ensure legal clarity and promote the effective adaptation of civil servants to the demands of the digital economy. The authors emphasize that the development of digital competencies is key to the successful functioning of public administration institutions in modern conditions.

Key words: digital competencies, civil servants, digital economy, regulatory acts, competency-based approach, competency development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.018

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree University of Melbourne, China

QIAN CHEN PhD in economics of the Haina HIC Research Center of the Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China

A.A. BYCHKOV Junior researcher Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION

The digital transformation of public administration is an integral part of the modern development of megacities such as Moscow. This process covers various aspects of city management, ranging from improving the efficiency of government services to ensuring convenience for residents through the use of new technologies. One of the key directions of digital transformation of public administration in Moscow is the implementation of e-government. This allows city authorities to increase the accessibility of government services for residents and businesses by transitioning to an online format. Citizens can obtain information and perform various administrative procedures online, saving time and reducing bureaucratic burden. Another important aspect of the digital transformation of public administration in Moscow is the implementation of smart technologies to enhance the comfort of city dwellers. For example, smart city systems enable the optimization of transportation infrastructure management, monitoring of environmental conditions, and ensuring safety on the streets, thus creating favorable conditions for living and working in the city. Thanks to the digital transformation of public administration, Moscow is becoming more open and transparent to its residents. The introduction of open data systems allows citizens to access information about the work of city authorities, budget expenditures, the state of infrastructure, and other important aspects of city life, fostering trust between the government and the population.

Key words: megacities, digital transformation, public administration, e-government, open data system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.019

N.R. DYSHENOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology Institute of Social Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

А.А. CHUNIKHINА Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

A.N. KORNETOV PhD, MD, professor, the Head of Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department of the Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

O.A. KOLOSOVA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Marketing Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Management», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

CHARITY POLICY: EVOLUTION AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Introduction: the work examines certain socio-psychological aspects of charitable activities, which influence the intensity of socially responsible behavior of citizens. The key role of charity is to increase the level of social security of civil society as a whole. The presence in society of people who are not indifferent to other people’s problems significantly increases the degree of its social consolidation. It is the expansion of the range of charitable activities that creates the foundation for overcoming difficult life situations for certain categories of the population. In this regard, the existence of philanthropists in the structure of civil society increases the level of social security of its individual representative.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the evolutionary features and socio-psychological aspects of charitable activities in Russia. The following tasks are solved within the framework of the article:

– highlight the social relevance and evolutionary aspects of charity in the domestic civil space;

– summarize the results of diagnostics of the psychological aspects of charitable activity in Russia;

– group the main socio-psychological motives for the formation of charitable initiatives.

Research results: the team of authors analyzed the key socio-psychological aspects of private charitable activities in Russia, based on an analysis of the reasons for the degree of trust and distrust of the population in the activities of charitable organizations, as well as on research into the most typical motives for public charitable activity.

Key words: charity, civil society, trust, involvement, charitable activity, charitable initiatives, motives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.020

E.V. KRASAVIN Graduate student at the Faculty of Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, manager of the coal mining company Elga LLC, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The concept of “sustainable development” arose largely under the influence of the energy crisis of the 70s in Europe during the Cold War. According to the mathematical models of the authors of the Club of Rome report “The Limits to Growth,” positive development scenarios involved controlling population growth, curbing capital investment, and reducing the consumption of natural resources. The previous model of economic growth, according to the authors of the report, would inevitably lead to catastrophic consequences for the economy and a sharp reduction in the planet's population due to wars, famine and other social disasters.

The system of international agreements forms the institutional basis for the implementation of the concept of “sustainable development” on a global scale. Globalization has contributed to the introduction of “sustainable development” standards into business and into documents of strategic development of states. However, globalization processes have created unequal conditions for national producers and TNCs (transnational corporations). The process of deglobalization and the division of the world into competing centers of power led by the United States and China create conditions for rethinking the concept of “sustainable development” taking into account the interests of developing countries.

This article examines the problems of implementing the concept of “sustainable development” in Russia in connection with the global processes of transformation of the world order. The process of deglobalization leads to the fragmentation of world markets, a revision of the established rules of the game, including in such areas as climate change control, the development of green energy, immigration policy, etc. According to the author, “sustainable development” standards, implemented without taking into account the economic and socio-demographic characteristics of developing countries, can lead to negative consequences for their economic development. The growing influence of political factors on global economic processes and the formation of blocs of hostile states suggests with a high degree of probability that in the field of “sustainable development” policy the process will develop towards the formation of national and regional standards and concepts of “sustainable development”.

Key words: transformation, globalization, national development goals, deglobalization, sustainable development, demography.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.021

A.N. SYRBU Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Volgograd Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

V.V. TORGUSHNIKOVA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor Volgograd Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

MODERN TOOLS FOR PR SUPPORT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article analyzes the elements of the regional management system. The functioning of the system in the context of transformation of external factors against the backdrop of Western sanctions. The reasons for the “slipping” of the control mechanism at the regional level are analyzed. The prerequisites for the maturation of a human-centric model of public administration are described. The expansion of taking into account the intentions of society as an object of managerial influence is noted. PR activities are considered as a tool for establishing relations of trust and mutual understanding between the state and citizens. A system for instant response to problems raised by social network users is described. At the same time, the specific features of the work of the “Regional Management Center” are specified. The peculiarity of the operation of the “Incident Management” system tool is noted. The ratings of influence and activity in social networks of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were compared and the place in the ranking of activity in social networks of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was analyzed.

Key words: regional management, effective regional management, human-centricity, management mechanisms, sociality, regional administrator, personal accounts, political space Financial support initiated by the authors.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.022

А.А. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S GOALS AND OBJECTIVES IN THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE AND IN A HYBRID WAR AGAINST THE COLLECTIVE WEST

The purpose and objectives. The article is devoted to the study of the goals and objectives of Russia in the zone of the Special Military Operation, as well as in the total hybrid war unleashed against our state by the collective West.

Methods. There are general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and the method of researching sources and a systematic approach, since the impact of the collective West in relation to Russia is considered as an interconnected system of measures aimed at inflicting strategic defeat on Russia.

Results. It is shown that the goals of the Special Military Operation are the demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine. In addition, the results of the study are the identification of specific tasks set by the Russian leadership, the solution of which will allow achieving the goals of the operation. The tasks include the liberation of not only the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, the Zaporizhia and Kherson regions, but also other territories, because otherwise Russia will not ensure its strategic security. It is also established that Russia's key goal in this hybrid confrontation with the collective West is to create a multipolar world in which the United States and its satellite allies will not dominate.

Conclusions. The creation of alternative financial systems, de-dollarization, and the weakening of the military and political dominance of the West, including through achieving the goals of the Special Military Operation, will allow us to move to a more just, multipolar world order. Russia's success in achieving the goals of the Special Military Operation is capable of initiating processes of transformation of the existing world order, undermining the influence of the collective West throughout the world.

Key words: Russia, the Special Military Operation, the collective West, Ukraine, hybrid wars, multipolar world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.023

S.I. ARAEV Candidate of political sciences, Military University, Moscow, Russia

M.K. TITOV Associate professor, candidate of sociological sciences, Military University, Moscow, Russia

UKRAINIAN NEO-NAZISM AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL ELITES OF WESTERN COUNTRIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST RUSSIA

At present, issues of geopolitical interaction are more relevant than ever. It is noted that the policy of interference of Western countries in the internal affairs of Russia with the aim of weakening, destroying and capturing it has long roots, starting with the establishment of the Russian state as a world “player”, a geopolitical competitor. As evidenced by repeated military-force attempts to resolve this issue. The Department of Political Science of the Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University summarized the results of a number of studies revealing the main features of modern neo-Nazism, the mechanism of its implementation, as well as the role of Western states in the transformation of Ukraine into the neo-Nazi “anti-Russia” project. To summarize what has been said, it should be noted that it is necessary to always remember the possibility of using technologies to revive nationalist ideas in Russia.

Key words: Russia, West, Ukraine, politics, neo-Nazism, war, nationalism, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.024

S.S. EGOROV PhD student Faculty of political science Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN UKRAINE: GENESIS, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES FOR RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the consideration of the socio-political crisis that has developed on the territory of Ukraine as a result of the 2013-2014 coup d’etat. All this forced Russia to take active measures to protect the Russian-speaking population living in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Methods: historical and comparative analysis, content analysis of Ukrainian and Russian sources, strategic planning documents, as well as official positions of the parties on the settlement of the conflict in Ukraine. Results: the author’s forecast of the likely options for a peaceful settlement of the political crisis in Ukraine is presented, and recommendations for Russia's policy towards Ukraine are presented.

Key words: Ukraine, political crisis, color revolutions, world order, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.025

LENA MILOJEVIC Assistant to the Ambassador of the Republic of Serbia to the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INDEPENDENCE OF THE EU AND THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN UKRAINE

Since its founding, the EU has made it a rule to use every crisis for deeper integration, further transformation and strengthening of unity. The EU quietly used the launch of a special military operation by the Russian Federation in Ukraine to strengthen its independence, its often-mentioned “strategic autonomy” and its role as a global player in the international arena.

Key words: EU, independence, global player, special military operation, security and defense.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.026

R.N. SHANGARAEV PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

A.S. IVOCHKINA Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TURKEY'S IDEA TO CREATE AN ARMY OF TURKIC STATES

Turkey pursues an independent policy aimed at promoting its national interests in all regions that were once part of the zone of strategic influence: neo-Ottomanism – the Balkans and the Arab world; pan-Islamism – Africa, Europe and the North Caucasus; pan-Turkism – the Turkic-speaking countries of Central Asia, as well as the Turkic-speaking republics within the Russian Federation and the South Caucasus. In the international arena, Turkey positions itself not only as a regional center of power, but also as a global player. Turkish policy, based on the concept of pan-Turkism, is aimed at developing relations and promoting the concept of Organizing Turkic-speaking states and forming the "Army of the Great Turan".

Key words: Turkey, Central Asia, Turan army, Organization of Turkic States, "soft power".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.027

I.KH. ZINNUROV Head of the Representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Information and Cultural Center in Baku, Councelor of the Russian Embassy in Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN

Within the framework of the development of humanitarian and cultural cooperation of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Azerbaijan at the present stage, the following areas can be distinguished:

– socio-political events on modern and historical issues;

– popularization of classical and modern Russian culture;

– development of relations with NGOs and volunteers;

– promotion of international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russia, Azerbaijan, Russian culture, NGOs, volunteering, humanitarian cooperation, development of international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, compatriots.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.028

DONG DAN Senior Lecturer (Master's degree) Department of the Russian Language Center Xi'an University, China

THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINO-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES

The article focuses on the development of Chinese-Russian relations in the XIX-XX centuries. In the first half of the 19th century, the processes of territorial delimitation in the Far East continued, as well as the development of trade and economic relations, which led to an increase in cultural exchanges. The turning point in relations between the two countries occurred in the 1850s and 1890s, when the weakened Qing Empire was forced to respond to Russia's diplomatic efforts to resolve disputed territorial issues and develop trade. Russian Russian-Chinese relations began a new stage at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, due to the fact that in 1896 the Union (Aigun) Treaty and the agreement on the construction of the CER were signed between the two countries, the implementation of which was complicated by the Russo-Japanese war and "unstable" relations with China in 1918-1949. A long period of cooling relations in the 1960s and 1980s ended with the restoration of relations between the two countries, as a result of which, at the end of the twentieth century, China took the place of Russia's main trade and economic partner, which affected cultural exchange.

Key words: Sino-Russian relations, territorial disputes, trade relations, sinology, cultural exchange.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.029

T.V. RAD'KOVA Senior Lecturer, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ITALIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF N. MACHIAVELLI'S MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

Currently, there is a noticeable trend of increasing attention to the study of the concept of "strategic culture". This topic is in the centre of attention not only of political institutions, but also of the academic community. The intensified interest is associated with radical transformations in the system of international relations and the search for ways to more accurately analyse and forecast political processes in order to ensure national and international security. The rapidly changing and increasingly complex global security environment poses new challenges and makes it necessary to study more thoroughly the theoretical concept of strategic culture. In this regard, the importance of historical experience, the study of lessons learned from the past, and the analysis of attempts by individual states to implement ambitious foreign policy projects based on military force is growing. This paper will examine Italian strategic culture in the context of Machiavellian principles of state management.

Key words: strategic culture, art of war, revolution in military affairs, N. Machiavelli.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.030

SUN XIAOMENG Master, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS AND WAYS TO COUNTER THEM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

This article is devoted to the analysis of non-traditional security threats faced by mankind after the end of the Cold War. The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of “non-traditional security threats” and to identify the potential of international cooperation in combating them. The article uses the following research methods: historical method, method of political analysis, comparative method. The results of the study showed that it is possible to fight non-traditional security threats only. The author of the article draws attention to China's contribution to the fight against non-traditional security threats. The article concludes that in connection with the expansion of the number of new threats to security, there is a question about the feasibility of creating international organizations that have become a “unifying link” in the issue of countering global threats.

Key words: security, non-traditional security threats, international cooperation, international relations, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.031

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

HISTORY OF KURDISH STUDIES IN RUSSIA

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) – a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the first part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.032

E.I. DOMBROVSKAIA Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ISSUE OF WATER SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION

This article attempts to consider the problems of the water factor in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to determine its role in achieving water security. The main aspects of the classification of the water factor by spheres of manifestation within the framework of political, socio-economic and environmental areas are determined. The key role of the transboundary element in the intensification of conflict in the region is highlighted and examples of the most significant and significant hotbeds of tension due to water scarcity are given. Using the example of the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Nile and Jordan, different manifestations of approaches to the analysis of the problem of achieving water security are demonstrated. The ambiguity of the nature of the water factor as a cause and consequence of internal instability and external conflicts is emphasized. The author points out the importance of analyzing and developing the problems of the water factor in the Middle East and North Africa region for the preservation of global water security due to the interdependence and mutual influence of the provision of natural resources with social transformations that have a tremendous impact on key economic indicators of the countries of the region and the world.

Key words: water factor, water resources, Middle East and North Africa region, water security, water scarcity, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.033

DONG WANLI Postgraduate student, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences, China

ANALYZING THE YOON SEOK-YEOL ADMINISTRATION'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHINA

During the 2 years of Yoon Seok-yeol's administration, his party's policy toward China has become clear. Yun Seok-yol's administration is "tilting" toward the United States and Japan, prioritizing the establishment of a "comprehensive strategic alliance between South Korea and the United States," promoting better South Korea-Japan relations and strengthening military cooperation, while emphasizing the establishment of "mutually respectful" relations between South Korea and China. In the 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, they have been relatively stable, smoothly developing on the basic position of jointly and actively resolving conflicts and contradictions, but still facing obstacles and influences from key issues such as: Sino-US relations, the DPRK nuclear issue, the prospects of their own economic development, the hopes of the people, etc. Paying attention to and improving the above-mentioned issues helps to put the relations between the two Koreas back on the right development trajectory.

Key words: South Korea's foreign policy, China-South Korea relations, Korea-U.S. alliance, Yun Seok-yol's government.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.034

I.E. KATKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COUNTER-SANCTIONS MEASURES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX)

This article examines the actions of the Russian Federation taken as measures to counter Western sanctions in the strategically important energy sector for Russia. As the purpose of this work, the author highlights the qualitative analysis of measures aimed at minimizing the negative effect of anti-Russian sanctions of unfriendly states. During the research, methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, synthesis, induction, as well as observation and interpretation of the results were applied. The focus of the study is on identifying Russia's current position in view of the increasingly increasing sanctions pressure. As a conclusion of this study, the author cites the position that the Russian Federation, as a state occupying key positions in the international energy space, has taken very clear and consistent steps that have allowed the domestic economy to adapt to new macroeconomic and political realities in the face of restrictive measures by Western countries. The measures developed by the country's political and administrative bloc together with key companies in the fuel and energy sector allow Russia to offset the cumulative negative effect of unprecedented sanctions from Europe and the United States. The results of the study contribute to the study of the issue of strengthening Russia's energy security as a net exporter of hydrocarbons, as well as to the practical aspect of issues related to the formation and implementation of state energy policy in the context of countering the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries.

Key words: energy, Russian Federation, sanctions, fuel and energy complex, counter-sanctions measures, natural gas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.035

D.S. TELEGIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ARCHITECTURE OF MILITARY AND POLITICAL DETERRENCE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION

Currently, against the background of intensifying confrontation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, the militarization of the Indo-Pacific region is taking place. The United States is using a system of political blocks and international treaties with its regional sales to strategically deter China, changing the entire regional security system.

The paper presents the results of an analysis of strategic documents and speeches of top officials of the states of the region.

Key words: geopolitics, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, AUKUS, QUAD, ANZUS Treaty, defense cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.036

V.G. TIKHONOV Teacher-researcher St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

The article provides an analysis of the economic influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on both the Eurasian region and the international system. The economic influence of the SCO is determined through the following factors: SCO structures of economic cooperation and its’ activities; economic cooperation projects implemented by the SCO; the value of the gross domestic product of the SCO member states.

The aim of the article is to determine the features of the development of the influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on both the Eurasian region and the international system.

The set goal is achieved through solving the following tasks:

1) to characterize the economic influence of the SCO as a multifactorial process of development of an international organization;

2) to highlight the factors of the SCO's economic influence on the international system and the Eurasian region;

3) to analyze the economic influence of the SCO within the framework of the identified factors.

The methodological basis of the article involves the use of a systematic approach in order to identify the economic influence of the SCO as a system of various aspects of the influence of an international organization.

The SCO structures leading economic cooperation between the countries exert economic influence through the implementation of economic cooperation projects of the SCO member states. The SCO's economic influence through these projects is being established both within the region and in the international arena, taking into account the gross domestic product of the SCO member states such as China, India and Russia.

Key words: international organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO, economic influence, GDP, Eurasian region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.037

А.А. YULOVA Post-graduate student, St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), St. Petersburg, Russia

FINNISH PRACTICES IN PRESERVING SAAMI CULTURAL HERITAGE

The article explores the role of Finnish state policy towards the Sámi people and their cultural heritage. The author analyses the relationship between the Sámi and the Finnish state, and highlights current policies and programmes aimed at preserving Sámi culture and language. The article also discusses the challenges faced by the Sámi in modern society and offers recommendations for improving the situation of this unique ethnic community.

Aim. To analyse the methods and measures that Finland has implemented to preserve the Sámi cultural heritage, to identify their effectiveness and to offer recommendations for improving approaches to preserving the culture of this unique people.

Results. The unresolved problems faced by the Sámi people in contemporary Finland are confirmed. Some of the key unresolved challenges include: preservation and development of the Sami language and culture; economic development and equality; inequalities in access to economic opportunities and resources, which may hinder their economic development and well-being; and violation of suffrage.

Conclusions. Despite the State's efforts to preserve Sami culture and language, the Sami language is still under threat and needs additional support for its preservation and development. The Sámi face challenges in securing their political representation and participation in decision-making processes that affect them.

Key words: Finland, Saami, Saami language, indigenous peoples, discrimination, inequality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.038

YAN YITONG PhD student at RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLAR SILK ROAD

The article discusses about Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic region in the context of the “Polar Silk Road” in modern political realities. It is indicated that the China aims to consistently realize its geoeconomic and geopolitical interests in Polar region, designating the development of the Arctic as one of the state strategic goals. Special attention in China's policy is related to the cooperation with the Russian Federation in Arctic, in particular, in the exploration and development of the Northern Sea Route. Special relevance of the strengthening of interaction between countries began after the start of the Russian Special Military Operation in Ukraine in 2022 and because of the blockade of the Red Sea due to Israeli military operation in the Palestinian Gaza. It is concluded that in modern conditions, cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic region is intensifying and is aimed at further developing joint projects for the development of the Northern Sea Route in the context of the “Polar Silk Road”.

Key words: geopolitics, Arctic, “Polar Silk Road”, Northern Sea Route, cooperation between Russia and China.