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№ 9 (49), 2019

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 7 (107), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Arsenyan A.Z., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Socio-Economic Factors of the Genesis of Law and Politics

Ruzieva G.S. Historical and Political Roots of the Interrelationship Between Culture and National Security

Katorzhevskij P.N. Eurocommunism as a Factor in the Ideological Evolution of the Communist Movement

DOMESTIC HISTORY

Savostov G.V. The "Polish Question" of 1917-1918 in Relations Between Russia and Poland: Stereotypes and Phobias of Historical Memory Prevail (Historiographical Perspective)

Jiang Xiulin. The Spread of Soviet Cinema in China in 1949-1959

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Volkova A.A. The "Ecological Whirl" of the Period of "Perestroika": the Activities of Social Movements in the Struggle for Environmental Protection

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Pankov A.V. The Civilizational Strategy of Russia as a State-a Local Civilization in the Public Discourse of the President of the Russian Federation: a Civilizational-Elitist Approach

Emelyanov S.V. Cultural Policy in an Era of Cultural Difference

Rovinskaya I.V. The Social Dimension of Norway's "Welfare State"

Airapetyan D.A. Institutional Prospects of the Transition to Postcapitalism: Transformation of the State as a Subject of Power in the Era of Digital and Network Technologies

Klimentov S.V. Lipetsk Political Elite: Features of Excorporation

Saldin A.V. Methodological Approaches to Analyzing Regional Parties

Koshidko V.G., Yarmola D.A. Transformation and Assessment of the Effectiveness of Interaction Between Local Governments and the Population Through Internet Portals in the Republic of Crimea

Tarakanova S.M., Egorova A.V. Symbolic Politics as a Means of Visualizing Collective Identity

Musaev M.T. Political Basis for Fighting Ideological Threats in the Internal Affairs Bodies of Uzbekistan

Khugaev Z.T. Values of Youth in the North Caucasus Federal District: Research Overview

Hua H.H. Socialist Ideology with the Practice of Building Political Networks in Vietnam Today

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Lukashina E.V., Tsapina E.A. Artificial Intelligence in the Educational Process in the Context of Globalization

Gryadunov Yu.Yu. Analysis of Russia State Policy on Strengthening Traditional Ideological Values

Zhirnov P.L., Grigoryan D.K. Industrialization of Industry and Import Substitution under Conditions of Sanctions Pressure

Varnakova Yu.N., Noskova G.V., Khramtsov B.A. The 2008 «Soap Bubble» and its Repeatment in the Financial Market and Banking System of Russia in 2024

Kazakov V.E. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Political Analysis of the Impact of International Sanctions on Russia's Light Industry

Zhao Yan. Regulation of China’s Carbon Market: Policies, Issues and Recommendations

Yang Yuyuan. Development of Kakhalin Fuel and Energy Projects under Sanctions

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Vankovska B. US Geopolitical Grip on the Western Balkans: Spheres and Methods of Countering China’s Influence

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part I)

Ivliev I.I. India and Pakistan in Countering Terrorism in South Asia

Abramov I.O. The Lobbying Model in Japan and the Republic of Korea

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. The Role of Kurdology in Russia's Middle East Strategy at the Present Stage

Al-Khaledi Moohialdin Mohammed Ahmed. Developments in Yemen's Political Crisis after 2015: Reality and Causes

Danelyan T.O. The Evolution of the Concept of US Foreign Policy in the 21st Century

Zhbanov A.M. Contemporary Trends in Cybersecurity Policy of Major Powers

Novikov A.A. The Role of the U.S. Ethnic Lobbies in Formulating Politics Towards the Iran Nuclear Program

Polonchuk R.A. China's Military and Political Presence in the Red Sea Region

Khazipov I.I. Approaches to Political Mobilization by Green Parties and Eco-Activists in Europe

Shtark L.P. Technological Factor in US-China Geopolitical Confrontation

Liang Weihang. Analysis of the Biden Administration Strategy Towards China in the Middle East

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

Medvedev N.P. Sovereign States and Political Regimes: Theory and Practice

DEMANDS FOR MANUSCRIPTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.001

A.Z. ARSENYAN Doctor of Law, Professor Director of the Moscow Regional branch of RANEPA, Academician of the Academy of Security, Defense and Law Enforcement of the Russian Federation; Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation; RANEPA Professor, Professor of the University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations of the V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations (ANO VO "UMTS"), Moscow, Russia

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE GENESIS OF LAW AND POLITICS

It is generally believed that political science begins with Aristotle, the founder of political science, and the Greek polis by highlighting the forms of political government, and many provisions of Roman law are borrowed from the reforms of the Athenian legislator Solon. However, this is not true, it was during the Late Neolithic period that the contours of the natural nature of government and civil society were formed. The accumulation of practical experience in land cultivation in the prehistoric era contributed to the development of human economic activity, which created the prerequisites for the agrarian revolution. This stimulated the transition from a collective economy to a production economy. The fundamental basis of the agrarian and urban revolutions were economic factors. In the Neolithic era, four main sectors of the economy developed: agricultural, livestock, industrial and mining, which are crucial for both domestic and interstate trade. This means that the economy has emerged as an industry for satisfying vital human needs related to the provision of food, household goods and objects of social importance, and not as a means of making a profit. Therefore, during the same period, almost all the laws of economic policy were laid down, first of all, the law of dependence of supply and demand, the law of increasing demand, corresponding to the cybernetic laws of nature, the principles of anthropocentrism, etc. People's initiatives, their requests, which required the ordering of social space, determining the functions of human activity, production facilities, ensuring durability and family security, territory, etc. At the same time, prototypes of strata are being formed, new profiles appear.

Key words: egalitarianism, agrarian revolution, urban revolution, local self-government, genesis of law, genesis of politics, social organization, social order, economic sectors, civil society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.002

G.S. RUZIEVA Teacher, major of the department of special-professional sciences of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, major, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ROOTS OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND NATIONAL SECURITY

The relevance of the work is due to the emergence of new threats to national security in the context of globalization. The purpose of the work is to clarify the role of culture in ensuring national security. Dialectical and axiological methods were used in the study. The result is an analysis of the influence of various factors on national security. It is concluded that the cultural factor in modern conditions is becoming decisive in ensuring national security.

Key words: national security, ideology, immunity, society, task, relevance, threat.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.003

P.N. KATORZHEVSKIJ Postgraduate student of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

EUROCOMMUNISM AS A FACTOR IN THE IDEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

The article examines the main historical factors that made possible the emergence of Eurocommunism as a political and ideological phenomenon. This work also analyzes the main theoretical principles of Eurocommunism as a modification of communist ideology and analyzes the problem of the democratic transition to socialism. Based on the research methodology of Imre Laktos' scientific programmes, the author proposes a model of the ideological evolution of the communist movement, which makes it possible to predict the main tendencies of its further development, taking into account the Eurocommunist stage. The author concludes that Eurocommunism contributed to the expansion of the social base of Eurocommunist parties, the implementation of the democratic component in their political agenda, the reorientation towards parliamentary methods of struggle for power and the emphasis on the search for national paths to socialism.

The purpose of the article is to trace the process of formation of the ideology of Eurocommunism and identify its distinctive features.

Key words: democracy, Eurocommunism, ideology, historical compromise, party, polycentrism, Marxism, socialism, Stalinism.

DOMESTIC HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.004

G.V. SAVOSTOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History Patrice Lumumba RUDN, Moscow, Russia

THE "POLISH QUESTION" OF 1917-1918 IN RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND POLAND: STEREOTYPES AND PHOBIAS OF HISTORICAL MEMORY PREVAIL (HISTORIOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE)

The article attempts to present the author's version of the history of relations between Russia and Poland on the so-called Polish issue in a relatively meek but fateful period for the two countries and peoples in collections of archival materials based on an array of open data concentrated in historical and historiographical studies (in Russian, Polish, English). The Polish question, or as it is interpreted by flat historians, the "Polish case" in the period under review has truly become a matter of great world politics, in which all the largest countries and governments of the world have been involved, pursuing their own interests in various ways. Russia and Poland are the key, dominant subjects of the Polish question with a set of specific features that distinguish them from other subjects in their relations and in determining their destinies. The results of the analysis showed, firstly, signs of a stable methodological and conceptual weakness of historiographers of all countries working with this topic. And it is not the willingness of historiographers at the present stage to overcome the shortcomings of the previous methodology and offer a more balanced and balanced concept to explain the specifics of the epoch, the nature and nature of the historical process, the intentions, goals and objectives set by its subjects. Among the array of works on this topic, there are few authors who turned out to be objective, despite claims to be so, not biased by national or ideological ideologies. Or they tried to overcome their national exclusivity. And they avoided overestimating the role of national and ideological-political biases; secondly, the short-term solidarity of the revolutionary and socialist movement in Russia and the national liberation movement in Poland in order to jointly fight against their common enemy – the tsarist government. The phenomenon of solidarity has not lost its significance, but, as history has shown, in subsequent years solidarity has already become the main feature of the policy of anti – socialist and nationalist forces fighting against their common enemy – now the Soviet government and the Soviet government; thirdly, symptoms of striking resourcefulness in anti-Russian politics, in historical memory, in consciousness and behavior the ruling elite in the recreated Poland through the mediation and key role of Russia. The Polish elite failed to overcome these vices. Once again, these same stereotypes and phobias took over.

Key words: the Polish question, the First World War, the Petrograd Soviet, the Provisional Government, relations between Russia and Poland.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.008

JIANG XIULIN Candidate of PhD, Institute of Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China; lecturer, Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute, Heilongjiang University Of Technology, Jixi City, China

THE SPREAD OF SOVIET CINEMA IN CHINA IN 1949-1959

After the founding of New China, the Central People's Government (CPG), based on the Communist Party of China (CPC), pursued a "unilateral" foreign policy and joined the socialist camp led by the Soviet Union. New China learned from the Soviet Union not only in political and economic aspects, but also in cultural aspects. In order to consolidate the new regime, unify the country's ideology and strengthen cultural leadership, the CPC studied and introduced the advanced socialist culture of the Soviet Union. Cinema, as a cultural form, played a huge role in enhancing national sentiment and strengthening national identity to consolidate cultural leadership due to its popularization, mass character and ease of implementation and promotion. The period of 1949-1959 was a period of friendly relations between China and the Soviet Union, with frequent cultural exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.

Key words: China, Soviet films, distribution, 1949-1959.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.005

A.A. VOLKOVA Specialist in the Department of History and Theory of Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE "ECOLOGICAL WHIRL" OF THE PERIOD OF "PERESTROIKA": THE ACTIVITIES OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE STRUGGLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The article analyzes how social environmental movements developed in the Soviet Union. The author highlights the stages and the features of their activities during the period of "passive", "active" and "institutional" development. There are the factors that influenced their formation. The author presents the difficulties of the environmental movements on the path of nature protection and the reasons for the attenuation of the "ecological vortex" in the early 1990s. The process of politicization of environmental issues is considered. The purpose of the work is to determine the features of the formation of social environmental movements during the period of "Perestroika" and their role in political decision-making. The recognition by the State of the importance of taking into account the opinion of the public in solving and preventing environmental problems since 1986, and its involvement in discussing environmental issues since the end of 1989, was an example of one of the first victories of civil society in the fight against political decisions that could harm the quality of life of the people due to significant environmental degradation.

Key words: social environmental movements, environmental policy, environmental protection.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.006

A.V. PANKOV Postgraduate student, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE CIVILIZATIONAL STRATEGY OF RUSSIA AS A STATE-A LOCAL CIVILIZATION IN THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: A CIVILIZATIONAL-ELITIST APPROACH

The article presents an analysis of the presidential discourse and the strategy of conservative modernization within the framework of a civilizational-elitist approach. The conclusion is substantiated that the power discourse of Russia's political leader, President Vladimir V. Putin, has consistently been built in the direction of positioning Russia as a sovereign state – a local civilization. Having gone through periods of policy focused on pan-European values, democratic transit and integration with the West in the 90s of the twentieth century, since 2012, the power discourse has been building a civilizational strategy based on an understanding of the unity of Russian history, historical and cultural heritage and traditional values as the basis for Russia's strategic development and its national security, innovative development and political modernization.

Key words: presidential discourse, leader, conservative modernization, civilizational approach, civilizational-elitist approach, state-civilization, traditional values, new world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.007

S.V. EMELYANOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", St. Petersburg, Russia

CULTURAL POLICY IN AN ERA OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCE

Culture is a challenge to the established, and this circumstance often gives rise to a situation of dangerous uncertainty, requiring an adequate response and not only from representatives of the cultural community. Culture and state power were often antagonists. But not all trends in the development of culture are positive for society, therefore, in determining cultural policy, the dialogue between the authorities and society is always important, as well as the understanding by government representatives of the meaning of cultural phenomena for the formation of cultural policy. Russian society is a complex modern society with multidirectional cultural interests determined by a number of objective circumstances, which, with competent political leadership, are quite capable of performing constructive functions in the interests of the entire country, the integrity and peaceful development of Russian society.

Key words: cultural policy, modern era, dehumanization, postmodernity, discursive practices, narratives, framing, mass consciousness, manipulation, information singularity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.009

I.V. ROVINSKAYA Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF NORWAY'S "WELFARE STATE"

In the article, the author considers the Kingdom of Norway as a welfare state with implemented system of widespread redistribution of resources in order to achieve a high level of well-being for everyone. The political, economic, and social transformations of the 1950s and 2000s provided the Kingdom with socio-economic stability and sustainable economic growth. However, decreased attention and interest to social and economic support measures in the 2000s led to the system faced a number of crises and requires comprehensive reform in the 2020s. The author tries to identify aspects of welfare policy, systematize and characterize them. The author provides a general overview of the modern welfare policy of the Kingdom of Norway, its role and attitudes towards it from the Norwegian society and government. The author identifies areas where Norwegian welfare policy is in crisis. The crisis elements in the welfare policy indicate, at least, the need for increased attention and control from the government, and at most, the need to consider the option of comprehensive reform of the system.

Key words: welfare state, Norway, internal policy, social policy, socio-political discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.010

D.A. AIRAPETYAN Specialist of the laboratory of problems of increasing the efficiency of state and municipal administration, postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the URIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

INSTITUTIONAL PROSPECTS OF THE TRANSITION TO POSTCAPITALISM: TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE AS A SUBJECT OF POWER IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL AND NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the state as a key subject of power in the context of the transition to a post-capitalist formation, caused by the rapid development of digital and network technologies. The author examines the influence of digitalization and networkization processes on traditional mechanisms for the exercise of political power, as well as the emergence of prerequisites for overcoming the limitations of late capitalism and the formation of a new system of production and distribution of public goods. The paper provides specific examples of the impact of modern information and communication technologies on the processes of social coordination, public administration and political interaction. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the development of digital network technologies and the transformation of government entities, primarily the institution of the state. The author notes that technological changes generate a "digital network track" of the development of state institutions and predict two innovative models of further institutional evolution: "digital platform state" and "network state". Based on a comparative analysis, the author concludes that each of the models has the potential to overcome the contradictions of late capitalism and a gradual transition to a post-capitalist system, but none of the scenarios of the "digital network track" of state development is utopian and each of them has contradictions and risks of political failure.

Key words: digitalization, networkization, institutions, state, network platforms, AI, post-capitalism, political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.011

S.V. KLIMENTOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Science, ESU named after I.A. Bunin, Yelets, Russia

LIPETSK POLITICAL ELITE: FEATURES OF EXCORPORATION

The mayor, as the chief executive officer of the city, has a decisive role in the development of the municipality. The organization of the work of executive and representative bodies of local self-government, as well as the resolution of important issues related to infrastructure development, housing construction, and the city economy depend on its activities. In this regard, the activities of the mayor of Lipetsk Evgenia Uvarkina in her post are analyzed. Her arrival to the post of mayor was characterized by significant changes and trends that successfully shaped the life of the region.

The article also examines the most important information factors that played a negative role media image of Lipetsk Mayor Evgenia Uvarkina.

In conclusion, the main examples of the trend of horizontal mobility of the Lipetsk political elite are given, which are a characteristic trend for the region over the past few decades.

Key words: political elite, mayor of Lipetsk, features of excorporation, information replication, mobility trends.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.012

A.V. SALDIN Graduate student of the Department of Political Science at Kazan (Volga) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYZING REGIONAL PARTIES

This article examines existing theories that explain the emergence and electoral success of regional parties. Special attention is given to the distinctions between theories that explain the formation of regional parties and those that describe their electoral success. The author identifies four main theories: development theory, center-periphery theory, competition theory, and rational choice theory. Each theory offers different explanations for the factors influencing the success of regional parties, such as modernization, the political environment, or the ability to mobilize resources. The article emphasizes the importance of external (political, institutional, economic, and cultural) and internal (party organization, leadership, strategy) factors. In conclusion, the author argues that the electoral success of regional parties largely depends on their ability to adapt to changes and effectively utilize available political resources.

Key words: regional parties, electoral success, political theories, resource mobilization approach, political resources.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.013

V.G. KOSHIDKO Doctor of Historical Sciences, Proffesor of the Department of Regional and Municipal administration, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

D.A. YARMOLA Postgraduated student of the Department of Regional and Municipal administration, School of Public administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE POPULATION THROUGH INTERNET PORTALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

This article is devoted to identifying the effectiveness of interaction between local government and the population through Internet portals in 2020-2024. The paper identifies the specifics, as well as the regulatory and legal framework for the functioning of Internet portals of local governments in the Russian Federation. The article proposes traffic analysis as a method of conducting an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of Internet portals, the data are supported by the analysis of the presence of basic characteristics. The results of the effectiveness assessment allowed to identify the transformation of interaction between local government and the population in the Republic of Crimea through the technology of Internet portals, as well as to highlight the real advantages and disadvantages. The conclusions of the article are aimed at the need for a systematic approach to the interaction between local self-government bodies and the population through modern information and communication technologies, as well as to eliminate the duplication of information systems while preserving the independence of local self- government bodies.

Key words: interaction of authorities and population, Internet portal, digital society, network communication, information technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.014

S.M. TARAKANOVA Graduate student Faculty of State Administration, Department of Political Analysis Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.V. EGOROVA Graduate student Faculty of State Administration, Department of Political Analysis Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

SYMBOLIC POLITICS AS A MEANS OF VISUALIZING COLLECTIVE IDENTITY

Symbolic acts are an important tool in the organization of political strategy. However, in studies of ways to influence the masses in the process of making unpopular political decisions, the focus was made only on discursive strategies.

This article aims to explore the role of symbolic politics in making unpopular political decisions, from a social unification perspective. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of symbolic politics and the principles of its application. To illustrate this, the author analyzes the government's strategy on influencing public opinion on the example of supporting the pension reform in the Russian Federation in 2018.

The author reveals that the strategy of symbolic politics in combination with the discursive strategy of "explanation" provides a more holistic management of public opinion. The leading role in this case is played by symbols corresponding to the ideas of collective identity. Collective identity also influences the formation of political discourse, giving a certain meaning to the contextual content of symbols.

In modern Russia, there is a trend towards the use of symbols that appeal to the heroic past and the national unity of ethnic groups, also new symbols are cultivated related to Russia's global role in preserving traditional values, public participation and the fairness of decisions.

A notable example of symbolic policy was the government's support for the pension reform in 2018: various media broadcast symbols that appealed to traditional values, demonstrated the polyphony and democratic nature of the government's work. Such a strategy has created perceptions of broad support and greater legitimacy for reform. However, its impact on the older generation of citizens turned out to be higher than on the youth who expressed dissatisfaction with the political decision. Thus, it is necessary to develop existing discursive strategies.

The main conclusion of the article is the importance of establishing new symbols, based on the symbol-forming role of collective identity, that can be understood by the general public in Russia.

Key words: symbolic politics, symbolic act in politics, unpopular political decision, national identity, collective identity, discursive strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.015

M.T. MUSAEV Independent researcher Institute of Social and Spiritual Research Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

POLITICAL BASIS FOR FIGHTING IDEOLOGICAL THREATS IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF UZBEKISTAN

This article is devoted to the political foundations of the fight against modern ideological threats in the era of globalization. Mechanisms for the formation of ideological immunity among employees of the internal affairs system of Uzbekistan. The author outlines the issues of forming ideological immunity as a basis for ensuring security and stability in society, and their relationship.

Key words: geopolitics, national idea, ideological threat, ideological vacuum, ideological immunity, security, terrorism, globalization, fanaticism, religious extremism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.016

Z.T. KHUGAEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

VALUES OF YOUTH IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT: RESEARCH OVERVIEW

In the context of a complex variety of political, psychological, political and cultural qualities and properties of the inhabitants of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District, the problem of scientific study of their value foundation becomes relevant. In this context, the researchers pay special attention to youth as an original political generation with its own system of values and political ideas, orientations, images, attitudes and ways of self-identification. This article reflects the results of the analysis of theoretical models, methodological guidelines, methodological tools developed in Russian political science and empirical data collected with their help on this issue. The central place in the research of the values of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus is occupied by the political-psychological approach developed at the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University and formed the basis for a number of dissertation studies performed at the department. According to the results obtained, the images of power, political identity and other political and psychological properties and qualities of the inhabitants of the North Caucasian republics are largely determined by the value matrix. Researchers at South Russian universities have noted a value transformation, the result of which is a complex synthesis of traditionalist and modern values in the structure of political consciousness of North Caucasian youth.

Key words: North Caucasus Federal District, values, political consciousness, political psychology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.017

H.H. HUA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY WITH THE PRACTICE OF BUILDING POLITICAL NETWORKS IN VIETNAM TODAY

The article evaluates the impacts of socialist ideology on the construction and operation of political networks in Vietnam. This is also one of the most important factors, influencing the entire Vietnamese politics. Historical and institutional approaches are used to explain the relevance and specificity of political networks in a socialist country like Vietnam. Political networks are an inevitable development trend in an increasingly open society and increasingly emphasized democracy. Each country will have specific characteristics in the organization and operation of political networks. In a socialist country like Vietnam, the ideological factor also has unique values, it regulates the way a political network is formed and operates, regulates the composition of network nodes and the relationships between network nodes in the network, how they share resources and benefits... Accordingly, it is easy to see that the central role of the Communist Party of Vietnam with the foundation of socialist ideology is objectively seen as a unique element of current Vietnamese politics.

Key words: socialist ideology, socialist system, political networks, democratic values, Vietnam.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.018

E.V. LUKASHINA Lecturer of the Chair of Global Social Processes and Work with Youth, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

E.A. TSAPINA Cand.Sci. (Philol.), Associate Professor of the Chair of Romano-Germanic Languages, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

The article analyzes the problem of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the educational process in the context of globalization. The authors consider the possibilities of using online tools in the context of implementing a personality-oriented approach. It is noted that the use of neural networks and other AI technologies can contribute to improving the effectiveness of the educational process by personalizing interactions between the teacher and the student. Both positive aspects and bottlenecks are highlighted when using various online platforms, computer programs, online tutoring technologies and other AI tools in the educational process. At the same time, the authors note the contradictory attitude of society towards the active introduction of artificial intelligence into various spheres of social life, including education. As an empirical base, the data of a sociological study on the identification of the attitude of citizens of the Russian Federation to the development and use of neural networks, conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation in October 2023, are presented.

Key words: artificial intelligence, globalization, education, educational environment, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.019

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Postgraduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

ANALYSIS OF RUSSIA STATE POLICY ON STRENGTHENING TRADITIONAL IDEOLOGICAL VALUES

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of the strategies and initiatives implemented by the state in the framework of supporting and strengthening traditional ideological values in the Russian Federation. In the context of globalization and the active penetration of liberal ideas into the social structure, the importance of preserving national traditions and moral principles increases significantly. The study is relevant because it demonstrates how Russia faces the challenges of our time, striving to preserve its cultural ideological uniqueness. The main practical significance of the article is that it provides a detailed analysis of national strategies, such as the National Security Strategy and the Counter-Extremism Strategy. The results of the study can be used to adjust current and develop new government policies in this area.

Key words: traditional values, ideological policy, state strategy, national security, globalization, liberalism, Russian Federation, cultural uniqueness, social sustainability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.020

P.L. ZHIRNOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Management, Psychology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russia

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

INDUSTRIALIZATION OF INDUSTRY AND IMPORT SUBSTITUTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS PRESSURE

This article examines the development of import substitution policy in the Russian Federation, identifies the reasons for its appearance and justifies the need to reduce dependence on imported products. The analysis of the domestic market of subsequently imposed sanctions is carried out, the main problem areas and areas in which it is extremely difficult to implement an import substitution policy due to their complexity and insufficient financing are highlighted.

Key words: import substitution, domestic production, entrepreneurship, sanctions, economy, entrepreneurship support, national economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.021

YU.N. VARNAKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Management, Economics and Finance ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

G.V. NOSKOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

B.A. KHRAMTSOV Master's student, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

THE 2008 «SOAP BUBBLE» AND ITS REPEATMENT IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET AND BANKING SYSTEM OF RUSSIA IN 2024

Introduction. The article provides a comparative analysis of the emergence of the 2008 «soap bubble» in the United States with the current situation in the real estate market in Russia through the prism of the formation of financial risks based on the use of preferential mortgage instruments. In the context of geopolitical instability, the stability of the financial system is the most important element of the comprehensive mechanism of national security. Preferential mortgages have a multifaceted vector of their influence on the socio-economic space and the financial sphere of the state. On the one hand, this instrument ensures the availability of housing for focus social groups of the population, and also stimulates the intensity of business processes in the construction market, the dynamics of which in turn has a key impact on the economic growth indicators in the country as a whole. On the other hand, the large-scale use of preferential mortgages creates significant risks for the financial system of the state, which can provoke crisis phenomena due to the generation of «soap bubbles». The paper presents the characteristics of preferential lending programs, changes in their terms by the Central Bank of Russia and the impact on the pricing of the real estate market. Preferential mortgages, despite their positive aspects in the form of increased housing availability for the population, can have negative consequences for the banking sector in Russia and will require balancing the benefits for borrowers with the interests of credit institutions.

Research goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to study potential risks in the financial system of Russia based on the analysis of the features of preferential mortgage lending. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved in the work:

– present the results of modeling the formation of a mortgage bubble in the American financial system;

– consider the features and evolution of preferential mortgage lending programs in Russia;

– conduct a dynamic analysis of key indicators of the housing construction market in the presence of preferential mortgages.

Research results. Based on the results of the work carried out, the authors presented the results of an analytical substantiation of the impact of preferential mortgage lending programs on the variability of risk probability in the Russian financial system.

Key words: inflation, key rate, preferential mortgage, subsidies, crisis, bubble, housing construction market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.022

V.E. KAZAKOV Director of Logistics at JSC "New Fashion", Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA'S LIGHT INDUSTRY

At the beginning of 2024, there is an escalation in the geopolitical situation characterized by the imposition of significant political and economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. These sanctions have a substantial impact on Russia's light industry, requiring the rapid substitution of foreign supplies with local production. The aim of this article is to define and classify theoretical and methodological approaches for performing a political analysis of the impact of Western sanctions on Russia's light industry. The article defines approaches and models of political economy, institutional theories, systems analysis, and path dependence theory. The presented critical assessments reveal the limitations of these theories, such as underestimating the role of agency and insufficient attention to external shocks. Integrating these theories with other analytical approaches and strengthening interdisciplinary methods will help to develop more accurate strategies for adapting political processes to changing economic conditions, thereby contributing to the formation of resilient political decisions under international sanctions.

Key words: political analysis, adaptation of political processes, international sanctions, light industry, political economy, institutional theories, systems analysis, path dependence theory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.023

ZHAO YAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

REGULATION OF CHINA’S CARBON MARKET: POLICIES, ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Carbon market construction is the core of carbon emissions trading. China launched a carbon trading pilot project in 2012. After more than ten years of development, China's carbon trading pilot has achieved remarkable results, effectively controlling the total emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and effectively promoting the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and energy structure. The development of China's carbon market has mainly gone through three stages, and its operation depends on a relatively complete regulatory system. Since China's carbon market began to be piloted, the government has gradually strengthened the supervision of carbon emissions trading. Generally speaking, China has now formed a policy system based on the "Interim Measures for the Administration of National Carbon Emissions Trading" and covering all aspects of greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading and compliance.

This article analyzes the existing problems and deficiencies on the basis of sorting out the existing regulatory policies.

China's current carbon market regulatory policies mainly have problems such as the fact that some carbon market regulatory laws and regulations were formulated earlier, the carbon market regulatory policies are not systematic enough to meet the actual needs of carbon market operation, and the existing regulatory policies lack necessary supporting mechanisms. In the future, China should further improve China's carbon market regulatory policy system by continuously updating carbon market trading policies, improving carbon market supporting mechanisms, and strengthening regulatory regulations. At the same time, we should also enhance the motivation of all stakeholders to participate in the carbon market, continue to strengthen international cooperation, and further promote the development of China's carbon market to a higher level and deeper depth.

Key words: China, carbon trading, carbon market, regulations, evolution, environmental policy, supervision, carbon peak, carbon neutrality, carbon emissions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.024

YANG YUYUAN Postgraduate student at the center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

DEVELOPMENT OF KAKHALIN FUEL AND ENERGY PROJECTS UNDER SANCTIONS

After the 2014 Ukrainian crisis, the US and EU imposed sanctions against Russia, so that the development of the Sakhalin-3 project's Yuzhno-Kirinskoye gas field almost came to a halt due to the lack of subsea production equipment. In 2022 after the conflict escalated the Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects were also put on the sanctions list. The two main project operators, ExxonMobil and Shell, withdrew from the oil and gas development project. In addition, sanctions measures such as the oil price cap and the maritime embargo measure will make the long-term development of the Sakhalin oil and gas development project difficult to export, finance and operate. The imposed sanctions will put increasing pressure on the sector, and if it fails to develop its own technology and expertise, the drop in oil production could become very sensitive.

Key words: Sakhalin projects, Far East, Western sanctions.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.025

B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and international relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

US GEOPOLITICAL GRIP ON THE WESTERN BALKANS: SPHERES AND METHODS OF COUNTERING CHINA’S INFLUENCE

The article examines the geopolitical influence of the United States and other Western powers on the countries of the Western Balkans (WB), as well as their strategies for countering China’s growing presence in the region. The central premise is that the Western Balkans have shifted from being a “near neighborhood” to a battleground of geopolitics and geo-economics. Until recently, the WB was taken for granted and treated as a loyal colony. However, significant changes have occurred both globally and internally. The decline of Western powers, driven by internal crises and overextended military hegemony, is increasingly evident. This decline is starkly contrasted by the remarkable economic, political, cultural, social, and technological growth of China and other non-Western countries, which have formed various mutual cooperation alliances. News of these developments has reached the EU's periphery, prompting parts of Balkan societies, weary of interminable waits in the EU's waiting halls, to seek alternatives. The process of gaining free access to objective information about non-Western advancements, particularly those in China, is ongoing but slow. In response, the Western hegemon resorts to propaganda and gaslighting, attempting to vilify Beijing, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the BRICS nations. The tentative conclusion is that populations in the Western Balkans are growing impatient and less willing to wait for the West's promised "heaven on earth." While the elites remain compliant and subservient, segments of society are exploring new paths to shape their own destiny in alignment with the Global Majority.

Key words: West, US, China, Western Balkans, geopolitical influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.026

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART I

In the article, the authors analyzed the logical consequences of the end of the era of Russia's cooperation with the West after the end of the first "cold war" at the beginning of the 21st century and the recognition of the fact that there will be no return to the situation before February 24, 2022, i.e. before the start of Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine – in its relations with the United States, NATO and Japan. The thirty-year era of generally constructive, although not without problems, cooperation between Russia and the West has finally ended. Japan, which capitulated after the end of World War II, today, at the beginning of the 21st century, has found itself completely subordinated to American strategic interests in building a new world order in the Far East, and therefore its ruling circles are now taking the most active part in actions to contain Russia's influence in the world, in general, and in the Far East, in particular, preventing its rapprochement with China and helping to strengthen blocs of countries unfriendly to Russia in the Far Eastern region in the interests of the United States and its allies in this part of the globe.

Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.027

I.I. IVLIEV Postgraduate student of the department of geopolitics, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INDIA AND PAKISTAN IN COUNTERING TERRORISM IN SOUTH ASIA

The South Asian region remains the least integrated region in the world, and one of its key distinctive features is terrorism threat. Considering this feature, author analyzes the current situation in the region, taking into account Afghanistan’s special position. The analysis includes emphasis that current disagreements between India and Pakistan are having a negative impact on the development of regional security.

The article also covers the statistical data on the threat of terrorism in South Asian countries, combined with an analysis of inter-state relations including disagreements. This led the author to the conclusion that, despite existing challenges and current trends in these countries, there is no unified approach among South Asian countries towards ensuring regional security, nor is there an effective platform for collaboration in this area. India is promoting international organizations such as BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) and BBIN (The Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal (BBIN) Initiative) as an alternative platforms to SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), excluding Pakistan from participation at the same time; which indirectly impacts regional cooperation.

Given the current tensions between countries and the need for a regional security framework, author provides practical recommendations for addressing weaknesses in the current system. The implication of the recommendations could lead to a stronger response to emerging regional security challenges. Furthermore, there is a call for increased Russian engagement in South Asia region as it strongly aligns with Russia's foreign policy objectives and provides an opportunity to strengthen relations with India and Pakistan.

The research can be of interest to international security, Indian studies and international relations experts.

Key words: India, Pakistan, South Asia, terrorism, regional security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.028

I.O. ABRAMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE LOBBYING MODEL IN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Lobbying today is one of the most important ways of communication between interest groups and authorities in every country. However, outside the United States and the countries of the European Union, this institution has been studied rather poorly. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to reveal in detail the features of the lobbying model in Japan and the Republic of Korea, as one of the most developed Asian countries. The study solves several problems, in particular, the study of the legislation of these countries regulating lobbying and foreign influence. In addition, an important part of the study is to reveal the features of interaction between interest groups and authorities, as well as the main channels of access to decision makers in Japan and the Republic of Korea. The main research methods are cross-national comparative analysis, as well as analysis of documents, the list of which includes regulations of the countries under study, as well as media data illustrating the lobbying process. As a result of the study, it was determined that there is no legislation directly regulating lobbying activities in the countries under consideration, however, there are a number of regulations that indirectly affect this area. A similar conclusion was reached for legislation governing foreign influence. In general, the model of lobbying in the country is close to corporatism, since business associations that actively interact with government authorities have great influence in the country. The main channel of access, due to the peculiarities of the political system and culture of countries, is the bureaucracy and executive power. Legislatures, political parties and public opinion can also be used as access points, but because they are less developed, lobbying through them is less effective.

Key words: lobbying, Japan, Korea, legislation, economics, politics, power, model, efficiency, peculiarity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.029

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF KURDOLOGY IN RUSSIA'S MIDDLE EAST STRATEGY AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) - a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the third part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.030

AL-KHALEDI MOOHIALDIN MOHAMMED AHMED Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

DEVELOPMENTS IN YEMEN'S POLITICAL CRISIS AFTER 2015: REALITY AND CAUSES

This article analyses and discusses the developments of the political crisis in Yemen after 2015, which resurfaced coinciding with the outbreak of the so-called Arab Spring revolutions, by examining its internal and external determinants and its political, economic and social dimensions. Yemen, like other Arab countries, has been in a state of crisis in its internal and external relations since the establishment of the modern Yemeni state in 1918 until now, and this is reflected in the current Yemeni scene and previous historical events that cast a shadow on the unity of the state politically, geographically, and socially. Among the reasons for these sudden protests and revolutions were the spread of corruption, economic stagnation, and poor living conditions, as well as political restrictions and generally poor conditions in Arab countries. These protests have spread in a number of Arab countries, including Yemen, a country of complex nature with problems such as the Houthis’ problem with the ruling regime, and the presence of Al-Qaeda elements in the country.

The country entered into a political crisis with multiple parties at home and divergent alliances abroad. Therefore, the study seeks to prove that the crisis in Yemen was complicated by external intervention instead of solving it, imposing internal and external repercussions on the country and the region.

Key words: Yemen, Crisis, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Houthis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.031

T.O. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF US FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article is devoted to the main directions of US foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century and the key regions with which the US forms its relations and which, together with the US, form the world political system, thereby changing the entire system of relations in the international arena. US interests, which are an important factor in the evolution of US foreign policy.

The author analyzes the change in US foreign policy in the 21st century under the influence of the change of heads of the White House, and the strategies that different presidents use to solve emerging problems. Separately, the author of the article pays attention to various foreign policy concepts that were developed at different times, and at the moment, set the strategy for US foreign policy.

Concepts such as “Heartland”, “moving borders”, “rimland” and “anaconda” are considered, and how they are applied in modern US foreign policy in the 21st century and what problems were solved in this region by the concepts taken and what they led to. How these concepts were integrated into the foreign policy of US presidents, how foreign policy evolved under the influence of regional sentiments.

The impact of US foreign policy on regional developments and their implications for US interests, and how they further influence the evolution of US foreign policy. The research methods in this work are a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis.

Key words: evolution of foreign policy, US policy and concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.032

A.M. ZHBANOV Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY POLICY OF MAJOR POWERS

The article examines current trends in cybersecurity policy of key actors in the modern system of international relations. Trends in strengthening the military, intelligence and strategic potential of states in cyberspace are analyzed. Current problems and possible causes of the militarization of cyberspace are considered.

Key words: cyberspace, cybersecurity, international information security, information confrontation, information warfare, international law, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.033

A.A. NOVIKOV Russian State University for the Humanities master’s degree program graduate, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE U.S. ETHNIC LOBBIES IN FORMULATING POLITICS TOWARDS THE IRAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM

The article investigates the position of pro-Israel and Iranian lobbies in the U.S. on Iranian nuclear program issue. The author emphasizes a notable influence of these networks on the process of formulating U.S. foreign policy. The comparative analysis indicates that the position of lobby groups depends on their stance towards the current Iranian regime and foreign policy of Israel but not on its ethnic characteristics.

Key words: lobbyism in the U.S., U.S.-Iranian relations, Iranian Nuclear Deal, pro-Israel lobby in the U.S., Iranian lobby in the U.S.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.034

R.A. POLONCHUK Senior Researcher, Center for the Study of the History of China and its Relations with Russia, PhD in Political Science, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICSA RAS), Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S MILITARY AND POLITICAL PRESENCE IN THE RED SEA REGION

The article analyzes the main foreign policy guidelines that determine the military-political presence of China in the Red Sea region. It shows the approaches of the Chinese leadership to ensuring defense and security in the countries of the region. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of military-technical cooperation between China and these countries.

Key words: military policy, armed forces, military development, military planning, reform of the armed forces, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.035

I.I. KHAZIPOV Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

APPROACHES TO POLITICAL MOBILIZATION BY GREEN PARTIES AND ECO-ACTIVISTS IN EUROPE

This article is dedicated to the methods of implementing programs to attract the electorate by green parties in Europe. In the work, the author analyzes various methods used by green parties to persuade voters of their political views and values.

The main goal of this study is to examine the approaches used by green parties in Europe when interacting with the electorate and to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods in achieving the political goals of the parties. The research is based on approaches from political science, psychology, and sociology and can be useful for those interested in political mobilization and effective communication in political campaigns.

Key words: ecology, ecopolitology, green parties, political institutions, green future, sustainable development, elections.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.036

L.P. SHTARK Postgraduate student of the Department of Geopolitics, Faculty of Geopolitical Policy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR IN US-CHINA GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION

The main goal of the article is to study the influence of the technological factor on the dynamics of US-China relations. In the modern world, technological development of the country plays a significant role in ensuring of its national security.

The trade war between the USA and PRC turned to technological competition after Trump administration blamed Chinese companies of stealing intellectual property and then imposed sanctions against Huawei and ZTE. Biden administration continued pressure on China’s technological sector.

Both countries try to strengthen their technological sovereignty by stimulating domestic production of microchips. However, none of the countries can create full semiconductor production chain, so it is necessary to develop relations with the leaders in the field of semiconductor production.

While China strives to ensure the diversification of microchip supplies while it builds its semiconductor industry, the United States primarily aims at exerting pressure on mainland China.

This article examines the impact of the trade war on the technological confrontation between the United States and China, the technological policy of both countries, as well as the impact of the technological factor on the situation in the Asia-Pacific region.

Key words: PRC, USA, semiconductors, Chip 4, Asia-Pacific region, CHIPS and Science Act, TSMC.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.037

LIANG WEIHANG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This work is devoted to the analysis of the Biden administration’s competitive strategy against China in the Middle East, so the object of study is the US strategy in the Middle East. The purpose of our research is to determine the features of the current US administration's competitive strategy towards China and the ways of its implementation. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks were developed: the history of the evolution of US policy towards China in the Middle East. Contextual factors that led to this evolution; the current stage of the Biden administration's competitive strategy towards China in the Middle East and specific ways of its implementation.

Key words: USA, foreign policy, Middle East, China, international relations, regional and global studies.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.107.7.038

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

SOVEREIGN STATES AND POLITICAL REGIMES: THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article, which is based on the materials of my scientific reflections and conversations in social networks on current problems of modern political science, attempts to clarify the correspondence of theoretical knowledge about the types of political regimes and political practice of recent years, in the context of the development of new models of interaction between civil society institutions and the state, modern international relations, the formation of multipolarity and ensuring the sovereignty of states.

Key words: political regimes, sovereign states, democratic regimes, authoritarian regimes, totalitarian regimes, rule of law, civil society, human rights and freedoms, multipolarity of the world order.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 6 (106), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Golovetsky N.Ya., Demetradze M.R., Kelson Noel. Economic Anthropology: a Guide from Human Nature

Melnikova I.V. Philosophical Intentions of Metamoden and Modern Political Values: Theory VS Practice? (Part 2. Results and Reflection)

Legostaev I.A. Civic Consciousness: the Concept and Strategic Importance in the Formation of a National Idea

Obidin M.V. Civilizational Approach in Modern Russian Political Science and International Politics

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Sviridenko E.A. Development and Transformation of the Teachings of Nil Sorsky in the Works of his Associates in the 16th Century

Sibiryakov M.N. The Birth of a New Theatre and its Influence on the Everyday Life of the City of Yakutsk in the Conditions of Revolution and Civil War

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. Main Periods of Evolution of Kurdish Studies in Russia

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Tumanyan G.V. Citizens' Attitude to Participative Technologies of Modern Public Administration

Khugaev Z.T. The Political Identity of the Youth of the North Caucasus Federal District: an Analysis of Research Approaches

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Amiantov A.A., Rabadanov I.R. Political and Legal Aspects of Parliamentary Activity on the Approval of the Government of the Russian Federation in Modern Conditions

Mazhnikov V.I. The Phenomenon of Information Waves and Fake News in the Modern Media Sphere

Amiantova I.S., Zaporozskiy E.V. The Manifestation of Right-Wing Populism in the State Party System

Vikulina S.V. The Recruitment Channels and Career Paths of the Members of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th Convocation

Kuz S.I. The Nature of the Role of the Municipal Leader (Based on the Example of Moscow)

Kozin A. Comparative Analysis of National Models of Using Big Data in the Electoral Process of Developed Countries in 2017-2022

Larikhin A.V. The National Idea of Modern Russia in the Discourse of the Political Elite

Lu Xiao. Grassroots Democracy as the “Conductor's Baton” of Xi Jinping's Policies

Pronin K.K. Democratic Ideas: the Evolution of Theoretical Models

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Nazarov A.D., Nazarova E.A. Contemporary Trends in the Development of Arctic Tourism in the Russian Federation: Social and Legal Aspects

Surma I.V. Challenges and Threats of Artificial Intelligence Technologies as a Universal Tool for Socio-Political and Economic Transformation of Modern Society

Barabanova T.V. The Educational Policy of Russia in the Third Decade of the XXI Century in the Context of the National Security Strategy

Shulga E.P. The Impact of Migration to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug on the Economy and Population Structure

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Stepanov S.A., Shaaban L. The UAE’s “Soft Power” in the Context of Energy Resources’ Diversification on the Example of the Masdar City Project

Melikova Z.E. Geopolitical Aspects of Relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Russian Federation

Tao Zilong. Analysis of Foreign Diplomatic Strategy of Kazakhstan under President K.-Zh.K. Tokayev

Li Qian. The Evolution of China's Approach to UN Peacekeeping

Al- Khaledi Moohialdin Mohammed Ahmed. Diplomatic Means and Methods of Dispute Settlement in Yemen

Danelyan T.O. The 2003 US and Allied Invasion of Iraq and their Geopolitical Goals

Sporshev A.M., Khodyreva A.A. Capabilities and Ambitions of Finland and Sweden in the Field of NATO Nuclear Deterrence Policy

Li Ziman. Regional Public Goods as a Tool to Strengthen Security Co-Operation after SCO Enlargement

Chacran A.A. The Question of the Independence of African States in the International Arena under the Intervention of Western Powers

Adohounde Yaovi Sylvestre, Agonnoude Bidoley Vianney Freddy. Foreign Policy of the Republic of Benin: History of Development and Modern Trends

Zhao Yan. Achievements of China’s Environmental Supervision System after Reform and Opening Up

Chalan Said Farhan. Russian-Iranian Understanding in Syria and its Impact on the Geostrategic Situation in the Middle East

Shao Jianina. Positive and Negative Factors in the Formation of Sino-Indian Relations in the 21st Century

Elimkhajiyev R. Taiwan as a Factor of Transformation of International Relations Between the USA and China: Theoretical and Methodological Aspect

Birinci E. The State of Israel in Soviet Foreign Policy in the Middle East During the Cold War

Liang Weihang. Analysis of the Biden Administration Strategy Towards China in the Middle East

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. Party Systems and Duverger's Laws: on the Question of Theory and Practice

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.001

N.YA. GOLOVETSKY Candidate of Economics, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Krasnogorsk Branch of the RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

M.R. DEMETRADZE Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Krasnogorsk branch of the RANEPA, Professor of the UMC, Moscow, Russia

KELSON NOEL Postgraduate student Institute of Political Institutions and Processes University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY: A GUIDE FROM HUMAN NATURE

Exploring the structure of the economy, its role in the development of society, it is necessary to understand what is the basis of its natural essence, why innovative processes, scientific and technological progress and modernization are associated with a transforming economy. All this requires clarifying the origin, determining the origins, which are impossible without turning to anthropology. But it is possible to understand the economy rationally only if it is revealed what meaning its creators – ancient societies – laid down. The economy has the same natural nature as human social and cultural demands associated with the desire of people to create vital conditions, to improve the spatial environment, without which the social organization of the human way of life is not formed. Initially, the benefit was not associated only with material wealth, but meant well-being, benefit for all as a symbol of happiness and justice. Initially, the benefit was not associated only with material wealth, but meant well-being, benefit for all as a symbol of happiness and justice. Therefore, the identification of the principle of anthropocentricity, i.e. the determination of the economy by human nature, is the main purpose of this article, as well as the establishment of the reasons for its deviation from the socio-cultural vector that occurred as a result of the Neolithic revolution. The topic is revealed on the basis of economic, social and cultural anthropology. The work is of scientific and practical importance and may be of interest, in particular, to politicians, economists, sociologists, since the originally set socio-cultural vector of the economy and its universal values, which are of lasting importance, should not be lost.

Key words: economics, economic anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, benefits, needs, indices, sociocentricity, universal well-being, sociocultural methodology, social norms, social order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.002

I.V. MELNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian History, Sociology and Political Science, Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky", Omsk, Russia

PHILOSOPHICAL INTENTIONS OF METAMODEN AND MODERN POLITICAL VALUES: THEORY VS PRACTICE? (PART 2. RESULTS AND REFLECTION)

The problem of the relationship between paradigms of thinking and political values is of great interest to modern social and humanitarian sciences. The aim of the study is to compare the metamodern declared by intellectuals and cultural bearers with the one actualized in political practice. Metamodern claims the status of a new paradigm of thinking. Paradigms are born before their embodiment in political discourse, but the current political process is, in our opinion, the highest manifestation, a way of embodiment and objectification of the general intentions of a particular cultural era, since it is a concentration, a point of the most complete implementation of ideas. We believe that the criterion of "actualization in political practice" acts as a kind of test of the strength of a particular intellectual trend, especially one claiming the status of a new paradigm. Metamodernism as an intellectual trend, articulated for the first time in the 2010s, is an insufficiently studied phenomenon, especially in the context of studying the axiological foundations of modern political processes. The sphere of social and humanitarian knowledge seems specific due to value-based and ideological conditioning in one form or another. For this reason, in our study of the designated problem, we resort to a proportionate methodology corresponding to the object and subject of political and philosophical reflection: in line with the axiological approach, we use the method of phenomenological reduction, which allows us to describe, rather than mechanically dissect (analyze) phenomena, gradually discovering meanings, eidetic essences of political experience, finding a correlate in consciousness and expressing it discursively. The result of the study were the conclusions obtained in the process of comparing what is declared in theory with what is actualized in practice, according to which, in our opinion, the status of metamodernism as a new paradigm cannot be discovered.

Key words: paradigm of thinking, modernism, postmodernism, metamodernism, political values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.003

I.A. LEGOSTAEV Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS: THE CONCEPT AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE IN THE FORMATION OF A NATIONAL IDEA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of civic consciousness, its key components and strategic significance in the formation of a national idea. Civic consciousness is a set of values, attitudes and behaviors that reflect conscious and active participation of individuals in the life of the state and society. It includes such components as legal culture, political activity, patriotism, social responsibility and tolerance. The development of civic consciousness helps strengthen national unity, increase the level of trust between citizens and authorities, as well as create conditions for the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The topic is especially relevant in the setting of rapidly changing global conditions due to ongoing turbulence in global politics. One of the strategic objectives of the federal education system is to prepare the younger generation in the conditions of the new civic consciousness, emerging civil society in Russia.

Key words: Russia, civic consciousness, strategy, national idea.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.004

M.V. OBIDIN Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACH IN MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

This article is devoted to the consideration of popularization process of the civilizational approach within the Western and then Russian political science framework, as well as the influence of the civilizational approach on the modern international relations theory and practice. Author examine civilizational approach emergence context, approach further evolution as well as the evolution of the context of its application both in political science, policy and diplomatic practice and, as a result, its consolidation as a modern Russian post-ideology.

The purpose of the study is to identify the most problematic aspects of the civilizational approach and point out the danger of its long-term use as conducting political science research basis and an excuse for international policy.

The main author's conclusion is the statement that the civilizational approach danger lies in lack of possibility to build a fundamentally new system of international relations or management practices within the state – it only allows to justify their very necessity. Thus, its suitability for use by the political elite is lost at the moment of the final assertion of its own methodological sovereignty in science and the formation of an independent political course in practice.

Key words: civilizational approach, international politics, political science, history of political science, political methodology.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.005

E.A. SVIRIDENKO Postgraduate student, Faculty of Philosophy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE TEACHINGS OF NIL SORSKY IN THE WORKS OF HIS ASSOCIATES IN THE 16TH CENTURY

The article is devoted to identifying the key positions and concepts of the theological and political teachings of Nil Sorsky, continued by his students in the 16th century. Based on numerous sources, the contribution of Nil Sorsky to the Orthodox monastic tradition was demonstrated, the creation of a new image of the monastery in Rus', where the monks lived separately from each other, but gathered together during services. His students, such as Vassian Patrikeev and Maxim Grek, tried to adapt his teaching to the realities of power and public life. Non-possessors presented themselves as spiritual mentors, called upon to be moral teachers for Russian rulers. Thus, Vassian Patrikeev gradually moved away from the idea of parity and equality between the state and the Church, while trying to influence the ruler more. However, some researchers believe that following strictly spiritual principles is impossible and even harmful as a basis for government. Maxim the Greek sought to propose reforms to modernize ideas about power. Thus, he recognized, in addition to the right of inheritance, elections as a legal way of replacing the throne. He saw royal power as limited by divine and earthly laws, and the royal figure must also fight temptations and passions, limiting himself. His ideal was a vision of deliberative organizations at the throne, full of prudent people, protecting the ruler from bad decisions. Nevertheless, Maxim the Greek remained closer to the monastic calling than Vassian Patrikeev, who became more of a social and political figure.

Key words: Nil Sorsky, Maxim the Greek, Vassian Patrikeev, non-possessors people, politics, history, religion, Orthodoxy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.006

M.N. SIBIRYAKOV M.A. (History), Postgraduate Student Faculty of History M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia

THE BIRTH OF A NEW THEATRE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE CITY OF YAKUTSK IN THE CONDITIONS OF REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR

The article is devoted to the little-studied problem in regional historiography of the state of theatrical life in the Yakutia at a beginning of the XX century. The author consecrates the difficulties experienced by theater troupes in the difficult conditions of the revolution, Civil War and post-war devastation. The article discusses the issues of the formation of the national theater and its contribution to the development of theatrical art in the region. The author explores the work of the first professional directors and actors, and the acting skills of amateur actors have been improving, which has become the basis for the further development of the theatrical business in Yakutia. The author concludes that, thanks to the work of the first professional theater, Yakut national drama has been established, and town residents have become acquainted with Russian classical drama. The work of the national theater has had a positive impact on the spiritual and cultural life of the city. Despite the difficulties of wartime, the work of theater and theater groups has not only continued, but has intensified their production activities.

Key words: theater, folk theater, professional theaters, amateur theater, Civil War, cultural policy, everyday life.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.007

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

MAIN PERIODS OF EVOLUTION OF KURDISH STUDIES IN RUSSIA

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) – a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the second part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.008

G.V. TUMANYAN Graduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; curator of the Digoria Expert Club, Moscow, Russia

CITIZENS' ATTITUDE TO PARTICIPATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Modern public administration often resorts to the use of participatory technologies in public decision-making processes. The need to introduce these practices is determined by the desire to ensure broad participation of citizens in making important decisions, increase trust in government and improve the quality of decisions made. That is why it is important to study public sentiment and follow social trends in the process of forming a portfolio of participatory practices at various levels of government.

As part of the study, an attempt was made to formulate an image of participatory practices that are most popular among citizens. The motives of respondents regarding participation in socio-political processes characteristic of civil society were recorded.

Key words: participation, participatory management, public administration, civil society, political motives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.009

Z.T. KHUGAEV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL IDENTITY OF THE YOUTH OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL DISTRICT: AN ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH APPROACHES

The North Caucasus is a macroregion that is difficult from an ethnic, cultural, political and political-psychological point of view. Global, national and local trends intersect here, and both national and autochthonous political traditions, including traditions of political self-identification of citizens, coexist. In the context of the development of youth policy and the system of civic and patriotic education, aimed, among other things, at "reconciliation" of civil unity and ethnocultural diversity, the issues of identity formation of the youth of the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are being actualized. In Russian political science, several models have developed for interpreting the identity of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus, distinguishing between national-state (civil, national-civil) and ethnopolitical (including ethno-clan), regional and macroregional varieties of it. Their common element is the recognition of the multilevel nature of this identity, which is reflected, among other things, in the concept of the "identity portfolio". Today, the key from a methodological point of view is the distinction between civil and ethnopolitical types of identity, which has significant heuristic potential in the context of the multiethnic nature and historically preserved autochthonous culture of the North Caucasian Federal District in general and its individual regions in particular. At the same time, a number of researchers are currently moving from the positions of their opposition to their consideration as coexisting and complementary phenomena.

Key words: North Caucasian Federal District, youth, "identity portfolio", national-state identity, ethnopolitical identity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.010

А.А. AMIANTOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration Russian Peoples' Friendship University of the Patrice Lumumba, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, Moscow, Russia

I.R. RABADANOV a political scientist, member of the Expert Council of the Federation Council Committee on Defense and Security, specialist in international relations, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITY ON THE APPROVAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article examines modern parliamentary personnel practice, implemented on the basis of the constitutional reform of 2020, by appointment of members of the Government of the Russian Federation, examines modern political and legal aspects of the formation of the Government of the Russian Federation through the parliamentary procedures of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federation Council, State Duma, Government of the Russian Federation, parliamentarism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.011

V.I. MAZHNIKOV Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines of the Moscow, Financial and Industrial University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF INFORMATION WAVES AND FAKE NEWS IN THE MODERN MEDIA SPHERE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of information waves and fake news, as well as the justification for the study of these manipulative practices. The author suggests the hypothesis that today the main mechanisms of manipulation and dissemination of propaganda in the interests of social and political actors on the web are information waves and fake news. The basis for this scientific assumption is the facts of the increasingly active use of political technologies and various forms and mechanisms of manipulation by the mass media. The practice of modern political communication through the media is quite often carried out using manipulative information technologies and, above all, information waves and fake news. The article also highlights the main stages of fake news formation and establishes the main criteria for identifying information waves in the media sphere.

Key words: media sphere, social networks, information waves, fake news, manipulation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.012

I.S. AMIANTOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

E.V. ZAPOROZSKIY Fourth-year student, Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

THE MANIFESTATION OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN THE STATE PARTY SYSTEM

This article analyzes the reasons for the growing popularity of right-wing populist movements in the modern world. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the essence of populism in the state political process on the example of the activities of the political party Alternative for Germany. Populism as a political trend is associated with the deep crisis phenomena that have engulfed Western European society, in the context of the migration invasion, the growth of euroscepticism, social contradictions and the confrontation of traditionalist and progressive values. The article shows that modern populist movements are able to integrate into the institutional framework of liberal democracy, while maintaining their anti-systemic rhetoric.

Key words: populism, right-wing populism, Germany, identity, democracy, refugee crisis, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.014

S.V. VIKULINA Graduate student of the Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE RECRUITMENT CHANNELS AND CAREER PATHS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STATE DUMA OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF THE 8TH CONVOCATION

The article presents the results of the research of recruitment channels and career trajectories of the members of the State Duma of the VIII convocation. The study revealed four main segments of the professional development of representatives of the deputy corps, classified into narrower areas; also positions preceding the election as a federal parliamentarian were analyzed. Based on the collected data, career trajectories were identified, which make it possible to form an idea of the current HR policy of five political parties, to identify the main characteristic features in terms of the development of their personnel potential.

Key words: political elite, deputy corps, State Duma, recruitment channels, career trajectories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.015

S.I. KUZ Post-graduate, Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE NATURE OF THE ROLE OF THE MUNICIPAL LEADER (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW)

As part of the study of the phenomenon of municipal leadership, the article provides an analysis of the nature of the role of a municipal deputy using the example of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. The author identifies several groups of roles of the municipal leader based on the tools of his interaction with the voter, communication with other actors in the socio-political process and the legal framework regulating the work of councils of deputies. The theoretical significance of the study is due to the fact that the conventional division of roles into formal, informal and mixed allows us to talk about such characteristics of a municipal leader as a combination of political and administrative activities, the multi-level nature of interactions and integration simultaneously into social, socio-political, economic, budgetary and financial life district. Work at the local level of government should be understood in this context as a two-component (consisting of formal and informal interactions) environment in which a deputy builds his political career. Such a coordinate system, in which the municipal leader is simultaneously a legislator and a business executive, an ideologist and a mediator, a mouthpiece of public opinion and a representative of public authority, can lead to a mismatch of roles, and, as a consequence, inter-role and intra-role conflicts, which determines the practical significance of the study.

Key words: local government, municipal leadership, council of municipal deputies, social role, political role, Central Administrative District of Moscow.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.017

A. KOZIN Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL MODELS OF USING BIG DATA IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN 2017-2022

Algorithms based on big data are now ubiquitous both in companies and in public services. Political parties are not immune from exploiting the traces left on the Internet by users or the socio-demographic data of the population. Since Dean's pioneering campaign in the 2004 Democratic primary and his election as chairman of the Democratic National Committee between 2005 and 2009, "the revolution has not been televised." Two major projects have been undertaken within the US Democratic Party: the creation of a national voter list to centralize databases held locally by federations, and the introduction of a new online election platform called Party Builder. Thus, through data collection, candidates have the technical means to pinpoint the geographic areas where it is most beneficial to maximize activity, including orderly door-to-door campaigning and thus more easily persuade the undecided and the abstainers. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of national models for the use of big data in the electoral process of developed countries in 2017-2022.

Key words: national models, big data, electoral process, comparative analysis, candidate.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.018

A.V. LARIKHIN Postgraduate student of the State Government Institution of the Republic of Mordovia «Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia» Saransk, Russia

THE NATIONAL IDEA OF MODERN RUSSIA IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE POLITICAL ELITE

The article presents the results of an analysis of the discourse of the modern political elite of Russia regarding the national idea of the country and its main components. A definition of the concept of “national idea” is given, and the main elite groups represented in the political spectrum of the country are considered. It is emphasized that the evolution of the elite’s views on the national idea and Russia’s role in the world has transformed depending on external and internal factors. Based on the traditional and formalized analysis of documents, systematic and comparative analysis, the main narratives of the Russian elite are identified, which form the basis of the national idea of the state: patriotism, orthodoxy and eurasianism, the increase of the Russian people, the restoration of a great power. In conclusion, it is concluded that the Russian elite’s ideas about the national idea of modern Russia have common trends, among which are strong leadership, support for national interests, patriotism, restoration of geopolitical influence, self-sufficiency and independence of the state.

Key words: Russia, national idea, elite, president, patriotism, national interests, eurasianism, orthodoxy, national identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.019

LU XIAO Graduate student of the Department of Sociology, Political Science and International Processes of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY AS THE “CONDUCTOR'S BATON” OF XI JINPING'S POLICIES

At the turn of 2010-2020, the concept of “democracy” was clarified in China – its conceptual explanation, practical interpretation and applied practice. The purpose of the article is to show what role grassroots democracy plays in the practice of political governance in modern China. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how the idea of “people's democracy – democracy of the whole process” arose, how it transformed into the political concept of “people's democracy in the whole process”, how it was justified by politicians and scientists who concluded that “people's democracy in the whole process” is “democracy in Chinese”. The author believes that, guided by this philosophy, China has carried out a series of essential reforms at the grassroots level, declaring and guaranteeing the real rights of the people to participate in decision-making, management and control of party and state bodies. The author believes that “people's democracy in the whole process” is the guiding principle of political governance under Xi Jinping, his “conductor's baton”. The article demonstrates the specifics of Chinese grassroots democracy, how the right of the people to participate in the affairs of the state and its control “from below” is really realized. The author takes into account the diverse scientific discourse of the problem under consideration and presents his own ideas characterizing the practice of political leadership and mechanisms for involving the population in the management of the country. A comparative analysis of Western and Chinese practices of political management and political opportunities of the population is carried out. There are two key conclusions of the author. First, he believes, it is time to put an end to the liberal monopoly on the right to determine the content of the concept of “democracy”, since it does not have a single model. Using any one of them as a criterion for measuring democracy is in itself undemocratic. Secondly, the author believes that “people's democracy in the whole process” is a unifying policy for China, when the participation of the people is the core of real democracy.

Key words: China, the Communist Party of China, people's democracy, personnel processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.013

K.K. PRONIN Post-graduate student of the Department of Philosophical and Social Sciences I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

DEMOCRATIC IDEAS: THE EVOLUTION OF THEORETICAL MODELS

This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of various theoretical models of democracy, which at a certain historical stage of human development reflected public perceptions of democracy and its forms. The purpose of writing this article is to identify certain patterns of development of individual democratic institutions, as well as to determine the essence of the phenomenon of democracy. When writing this scientific article, such theoretical methods of scientific research as system analysis, the method of analogy and the method of generalization were mainly used. The author places special emphasis on the fact that the philosophical and theoretical rethinking of democratic ideas is directly related to the state of social development and the level of consciousness of the masses at a certain historical stage of the development of society. The socio-economic development of society has largely contributed to the formation of the syndrome of individualism, independence and self-expression of personality. Subsequently, giving special importance to the freedom of choice of a particular person contributed to the historical transition of most modern civilized states to a democratic political system, which symbolized a new stage in the development of mankind as a whole.

Key words: democracy, theoretical model of democracy, democratic institution, individualism, freedom of choice.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.020

A.D. NAZAROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.A. NAZAROVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCTIC TOURISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern socio-legal aspects and trends in the development of Arctic tourism, carried out by government bodies at various levels, which made it possible to increase the tourist flow to the Arctic in 2023 to 1 million people. Specific mechanisms of this activity are considered, the positive dynamics of the current federal and regional legislation in this area and promising areas for improvement in the context of sanctions from certain countries are noted.

Key words: Arctic tourism, domestic tourism, development of the tourism industry, regional regulation of tourism activities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.021

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of the National Association for International Information Security, Associate Professor of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES AS A UNIVERSAL TOOL FOR SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article shows that today digital and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies act as a universal tool for socio-political and economic transformation of modern society. The author notes that this process will significantly accelerate with the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and against the background of clear successes, generative artificial intelligence poses new serious challenges in the field of cybersecurity. This new technology could be used to create more sophisticated phishing messages and emails, as well as create opportunities for attackers to impersonate people or organizations, leading to an increase in identity theft or fraud. The proliferation of "deep spoofs" that create more realistic video, audio or image recordings can cause serious harm to States and organizations as well as individuals. The author notes that the potential for using GenAI technologies to manipulate and disseminate disinformation, as well as their use in the format of state cyberterrorism, including in the process of organizing and conducting color revolutions and political destabilization operations, is quite high.

Key words: artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, UN, threats to information security, cyberterrorism, generative artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.022

T.V. BARABANOVA Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg: Postgraduate student, Assistant at the Higher School of Media Communications and Public Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE THIRD DECADE OF THE XXI CENTURY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

Within the framework of this article, the author makes one of the first attempts to comprehend the educational policy of Russia in the context of informational confrontation and geopolitical challenges of the third decade of the XXI century. The purpose of the work is to determine the essential content of the concept of "educational policy" within the framework of the state's interest in the field of national security. The content analysis of the "National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation" adopted in 2021 showed that educational policy is considered as a set of goals and objectives of the state in relation to the functioning of the education system, based on the preservation of cultural sovereignty, historical and cultural heritage of the country, ethical bonds reproduced by the Russian world in civilizational social development. The study showed a high level of importance of educational policy in the system of strategic priorities, goals and measures in the field of domestic and foreign policy of Russia, on which the future of the state and the national security of the country depends.

Key words: educational policy, national security strategy, cultural sovereignty, ethical values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.023

E.P. SHULGA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Education, Surgut State Pedagogical University, Surgut, Russia

THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION TO THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG ON THE ECONOMY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE

The topic of migration is becoming more relevant day by day, not only scientifically, but also politically. Top officials of the state touch on this topic, conversations in the "kitchen" in society do not leave this topic alone. As a response to the unregulated flows of migrants in the country, radical movements and communities are emerging. Tension in society is growing, and all this requires scientific analysis. The purpose of the work is to analyze migration flows in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in the early 20s of the XXI century, to understand the reasons for the opportunities for migrants. For this purpose, the author widely used materials from the All-Russian censuses and materials from demographic bulletins of the Government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, materials from the press and online publications. The main research methods are comparison and graphical representation of data, which allows you to quickly assess the ratio of several values. Thus, having plotted the migration balance, the author comes to the conclusion that the outflow and influx of migrants is in no way related to political events, coronavirus restrictions or.

Key words: migration, population census, schedule, ethnic crime, migration policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.024

S.A. STEPANOV PhD professor, Department of the history and Law and public administration of the Law Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

L. SHAABAN PhD student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE UAE’S “SOFT POWER” IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY RESOURCES’ DIVERSIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MASDAR CITY PROJECT

In connection with the climate changes that humanity is facing, more and more countries are switching to the so-called renewable energy sources (RES), the UAE, which proposed the Masdar initiative, was no exception. As you know, this initiative includes a project to create a high-tech city – Masdar City, which is expected to involve high-tech developments and building materials that have a beneficial effect on the environment. According to preliminary forecasts, the materials that will be used in the construction of the city will help reduce energy and water consumption by 40%, which will undoubtedly have an extremely beneficial impact on the state of the environment in the fight against climate change. Among other things, the Masdar City project is an integral part of the UAE’s “soft power” in attracting “green investments” and creating a favorable image of the country around the world. In general, the construction of a “smart” city also fits into the implementation of the “Energy Concept 2050” of the UAE, according to which the UAE plans to increase the share of renewable energy in the country’s fuel and energy balance (FEB) up to 44% with a total investment of more than 150 billion dollars. Thus, the article proves the proposition that the UAE is unlikely to abandon the course taken to introduce renewable energy sources and thereby develop a “green” economy.

Key words: UAE, Masdar City, RES, diversification, “green” economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.025

Z.Е. MALIKOVA Associate Professor of Baku Slavic University PhD in political science, Baku, Azerbaijan

GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Azerbaijan, as a rapidly developing country, skilfully uses its economic and political opportunities to realize its national interests, as well as to strengthen its regional and global positions. In the context of foreign policy priorities, Azerbaijan is committed to the principles of peaceful coexistence and mutual partnership with all actors of international politics. In particular, taking into account geostrategic and geopolitical factors, Azerbaijan is developing strategic partnership relations with the leading actors of international politics, including its closest neighbor, Russia. The geopolitical aspects of the relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the Russian Federation were investigated and comparatively analyzed in the article.

Key words: Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, foreign policy priorities, bilateral relations, geopolitical interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.026

TAO ZILONG Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY OF KAZAKHSTAN UNDER PRESIDENT K.-Zh.K. TOKAYEV

The study is devoted to the analysis of the foreign diplomatic strategy of Kazakhstan under President K.-Zh.K. Tokayev in the context of modern challenges arising in the global political arena. The author analyzes strategic decisions and strategic steps taken against their background, aimed at ensuring sustainable development and strengthening external relations of Kazakhstan. In the article, the author examines the dynamics of foreign policy relations, focusing on the interaction of Kazakhstan with strategically important states. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms by which Kazakhstan achieves a balance of interests with foreign policy partners, as well as to the study of the economic and political aspects of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2030. Such an analysis will help to understand Kazakhstan's approach to the formation of its foreign policy and identify key factors influencing the effectiveness of foreign policy diplomacy, which is the main component of Kazakhstan's diplomatic strategy.

Key words: Kazakhstan, foreign diplomacy, strategic partners.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.027

LI QIAN PhD Candidate, School of Word Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S APPROACH TO UN PEACEKEEPING

The purpose of this article is a historical study of China's position regarding UN peacekeeping over the past 33 years, the reasons and characteristics of these changes. The author points out that since the establishment of the PRC in 1949 and until now, with the increase in the power and international status of the PRC, peacekeeping activities, undergoing significant quantitative and qualitative changes, are acquiring an increasingly important role in the field of international peacekeeping affairs.

Key words: peacekeeping, the United Nations (UN), the People's Republic of China (PRC), ensuring peace and security, foreign policy, the international system, key power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.028

AL- KHALEDI MOOHIALDIN MOHAMMED AHMED Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

DIPLOMATIC MEANS AND METHODS OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN YEMEN

Diplomacy is a crucial aspect of political decision-making, as it addresses conflicts and crises between countries, strengthens international relations, and contributes to the formulation of foreign policy. It involves political negotiation and aims to bridge the gap between different countries' viewpoints through methods like negotiation, mediation, and good offices. Diplomatic efforts are especially valuable in managing political crises and conflicts, provided that negotiators understand their role and the responsibility they hold. However, in the case of Yemen, diplomacy has been ineffective in resolving the country's political conflict and the larger crisis, primarily because Yemeni negotiators have failed to comprehend and fulfil their responsibility towards their homeland.

Key words: Diplomatic means, negotiations, Yemen crisis, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.029

Т.О. DANELYAN Postgraduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

THE 2003 US AND ALLIED INVASION OF IRAQ AND THEIR GEOPOLITICAL GOALS

In the article, the author reveals the invasion of the United States and its allies into the territory of Iraq in 2003 and its geopolitical goals, touches on the history of the issue, namely the presence of the United States in this region in the 20th century, during the Cold War, and what significance this region has in the context of foreign US policy in the early 21st century, and the influence of the geopolitical concept of "rimland" on US foreign policy in the 21st century. The author is also interested in the military-political steps of the United States and its allies in this region, which contribute to the establishment of American dominance not only in this region, but also the global dominance of the United States. How the United States uses the strengthening of its presence against the regional competitor and adversary of the United States – Iran, and what general strategies are used by the White House in the region to establish beneficial military-political relations with the countries of the region. How does the US presence in the region help counteract global players such as China and Russia, which also have their own interests there? In this article, the author uses analysis, logic and a systematic approach as methods that contribute to the study of this topic.

Key words: 2003 US invasion of Iraq, rimland concept, US geopolitical goals in Iraq, engagement strategy, containment strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.030

А.М. SPORSHEV Senior Lecturer at the Department of European and International Law, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

А.А. KHODYREVA Intern researcher at the scientific association "Arctic Community", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

CAPABILITIES AND AMBITIONS OF FINLAND AND SWEDEN IN THE FIELD OF NATO NUCLEAR DETERRENCE POLICY

The recent accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO has sparked discussion about changes in the countries' nuclear policies. The accession of historically neutral non-nuclear states affects the nuclear deterrence of the Alliance, which raises the question of how willing Finland and Sweden are to participate in it. The article analyzes the military potential of the peaceful nuclear industry, possible models of participation in NATO nuclear programs and operations, as well as the attitude of the public and authorities of Finland and Sweden towards nuclear weapons.

Key words: NATO, Sweden, Finland, nuclear control, nuclear weapons, international security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.031

LI ZIMAN Postgraduate student of Political Science of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, China

REGIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AS A TOOL TO STRENGTHEN SECURITY CO-OPERATION AFTER SCO ENLARGEMENT

The article examines the strengthening of security co-operation in the SCO with the accession of India, Pakistan and Iran. It discusses the deepening of security cooperation within the organisation by improving the mechanism of providing public goods in regional security. It is noted that public goods strengthen co-operation with other security mechanisms and enhance the role of leading countries China and Russia in regional security. The author uses the theory of regional public goods to analyse ways to enhance security cooperation. The significance of public goods of security cooperation within the SCO is analysed in the context of the problems of organisational positioning and institutional integration. Specific choices on how to deepen security co-operation in the SCO after enlargement are proposed, which provides new thinking for the sustainable development of the SCO. The results of the study show that deepening security cooperation is the most important goal of the organisation, and the demand and supply of public goods of regional security affect the development prospects of the organisation after enlargement. It is concluded that deepening security cooperation and improving the public goods of regional security can only bring the member states closer together and promote the better development of the SCO.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), security cooperation, regional public goods, membership expansion, regional security situation, Central Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.032

A.A. CHACRAN Independent researcher Republic of Benin, Cotonou

THE QUESTION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF AFRICAN STATES IN THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA UNDER THE INTERVENTION OF WESTERN POWERS

The article analyzes the changes in the status of African states in the international arena in the first quarter of the XXI century in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. The problem of ignoring the sovereignty of African states by Western countries and the threats that exist in this regard is raised. The possibility of transferring the issue of the sovereignty of African States from the sphere of international law to the practical plane of international relations is being considered.

Key words: sovereignty, independence, constitution, multipolarity, Africa, Western countries, Charter of the Imperialists, the United Nations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.016

ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia Cotonou, Benin

AGONNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the Department of Public Policy and history of state and law. Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia Cotonou, Benin

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN: HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN TRENDS

The article is devoted to the history of development and prospects for the foreign policy of the Republic of Benin, in the current geopolitical conditions. The main historical factors contributing to the development of the foreign policy of the Republic of Benin are considered. Strategic planning documents have been studied and current trends in the country's foreign policy have been identified. Particular attention was paid to the country's contemporary foreign policy discourse, in particular the statements of the President of the Republic of Benin, Patrice Talon, on issues of regional stability and political instability in Niger during his address to the nation in December 2023.

Key words: Republic of Benin, history of foreign policy, diplomacy, strategic planning, sovereignty, African continent, UN, ECOWAS, Niger, Patrice Talon.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.033

ZHAO YAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHINA’S ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION SYSTEM AFTER REFORM AND OPENING UP

In this article, the author analyzes the main contents of “China’s Environmental Supervision System” and explains the process of its development. The achievements of China’s environmental supervision system after reform and opening up mainly include three aspects: China’s environmental supervision system is becoming more and more perfect, the institutions and personnel of China’s environmental supervision are becoming more and more reliable, and the punishment for environmental violations has been continuously strengthened. In addition, based on the current new situation and the new progress in China’s environmental governance, the author believes that China’s current environmental supervision system still has shortcomings, such as the inability to coordinate the contradiction between environmental law enforcement and economic development in some areas, and the relatively backward enforcement capacity of environmental law enforcement in some areas.

Key words: China, environmental supervision systems, environmental law, environmental law enforcement, environmental management, results, problem.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.034

CHALAN SAID FARHAN Postgraduate studies of the Faculty of International Relations. Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Northwestern Institute of Management RANEPA), St. Petersburg, Russia

RUSSIAN-IRANIAN UNDERSTANDING IN SYRIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GEOSTRATEGIC SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This article is devoted to the issues of interaction between Russia and Iran within the framework of their strategic cooperation in the Syrian crisis, as well as the directions of its influence on the development of the political situation in the Middle East region. The article analyzes the features of strategic Russian-Iranian interaction, their interests regarding influence in the region, features of participation in the Syrian conflict and positions on its resolution. An analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of Russian-Iranian interaction in the region is presented in the context of the specifics of the current state of the Syrian crisis.

Key words: Syria, Russia, Iran, Syrian conflict, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.035

SHAO JIANINA Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Supervisor: V.M. KAPITSYN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF SINO-INDIAN RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article analyzes the causes, influence of progressive cooperation between India and China, describes historical Indo-Chinese interrelations, on the basis of which grows military, economic and political interaction between the peoples of the two powers, lists the reasons, especially important for the mutually beneficial development of the states in the XXI century, provides Perspectives on the development of Indo-Chinese cooperation.

Key words: China, India, cooperation, reasons, historical prerequisites.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.036

R.ELIMKHAJIYEV Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

TAIWAN AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND CHINA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

Aim. Based on the materials devoted to the issue of Taiwan as a factor in the transformation of international relations between the United States and China, to identify the theoretical and methodological aspect of this issue.

Methodology. The key research method was a retrospective analysis and a comparative analysis of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China through the prism of the Taiwan issue.

Results. Based on comparative and retrospective analysis, it was revealed that the United States of America is actively operating on the position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for its own geopolitical purposes, but modernity reflects the possibility of a sharp change in the political situation on the world stage in favor of China.

Research implications. The obtained conclusions make it possible to use them in the modern scientific field to develop new scientific and political conclusions that can be taken as a basis for the formation of a particular geopolitical course.

Key words: Asian region, Republic of China (Taiwan), PRC, unofficial relations, USSR, USA, partially recognized state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.037

E. BIRINCI Candidate of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE STATE OF ISRAEL IN SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST DURING THE COLD WAR

This paper examines the intricate dynamics of Israel's position within Soviet foreign policy towards the Middle East, exploring the geopolitical strategies, ideological conflicts, and diplomatic maneuvers that characterized Soviet-Israeli relations from the early Cold War period to the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Initially, the Soviet Union supported the creation of Israel, hoping to gain a foothold in the Middle East and counter British influence. However, as Israel increasingly aligned with the United States, The USSR began to distance itself from Israel, instead backing Arab states as part of a broader strategy to challenge American dominance in the region. Consequently, Soviet-Israeli relations became a barometer for the broader East-West rivalry, with diplomatic and military engagements in the Middle East serving as critical arenas for Cold War competition. During the 1980s, Soviet-Israeli relations were characterized by a complex interplay of hostility and tentative rapprochement. The early 1980s saw the USSR supporting Arab states and Palestinian groups against Israel, reflecting its anti-Western stance. However, Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika policies in the latter part of the decade led to a more pragmatic Soviet approach, aiming to reduce Cold War tensions and improve relations with the West, including Israel. This shift eased Jewish emigration restrictions and initiated diplomatic engagement, paving the way for full diplomatic relations in 1991.

Key words: Israel, USSR, Middle East, foreign policy, Cold War.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.038

LIANG WEIHANG Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST

This work is devoted to the analysis of the Biden administration’s competitive strategy against China in the Middle East, so the object of study is the US strategy in the Middle East. The purpose of our research is to determine the features of the current US administration's competitive strategy towards China and the ways of its implementation. To achieve this goal, the following research tasks were developed: the history of the evolution of US policy towards China in the Middle East. Contextual factors that led to this evolution; the current stage of the Biden administration's competitive strategy towards China in the Middle East and specific ways of its implementation.

Key words: USA, foreign policy, Middle East, China, international relations, regional and global studies.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.106.6.039

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia

PARTY SYSTEMS AND DUVERGER'S LAWS: ON THE QUESTION OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

The article attempts to analyze the role of political parties and modern party systems in the modern political process. The features of the typology of party systems are revealed. The importance of developing a multi-party system and a party system in each country is emphasized, taking into account the political traditions and political culture of the society that have developed in the country.

Key words: party systems, modern political process, typology of party systems, functions of political parties, ideology, political culture, traditional culture.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 5 (105), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Melnikova I.V. The Philosophical Intentions of Metamodern and Modern Political Values: Theory VS Practice?

Telyatnik T.E. Theoretical and Methodological Understanding of the Phenomena of the World of Politics as a Subject of Political Philosophy

Mironova O.Yu. «Sobornost and Total Solidarity»: to the Question of the Political Program of Russian Cosmism

Choi Jae Duk. Some Approaches to Defining the Modern World Order

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Volkov V.V. The Place of Conservatism in the Formation of State Ideology of Bourgeois Modernization in Russia after Reforms

Chentsov A.S. Organs and Troops of the NKVD of the USSR of East Prussia: Structure and Tasks

Belov S.I., Gorobets V.V. The Image of the First World War in the Perception of the Community of Russian Gamers

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Astvatsaturova M.A., Dzakhova L.Kh. Ethnoidentification Bases of Patriotism as a Problem-Topical Field of Regional Scientific Journalism

Chemshit D.A. The Crisis of Political Participation as a Form of Dysfunction of the Political System

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Zakharov A.A. Ethnopolitical Processes in Modern Russia: Essence and Key Factors

Komar I.V., Makarov A.V. Measuring Political Stabilityin the Interests of Authorities

Kalakutsky A.V. Information Technologies and their Role in Political Management

Kotova E.A. The Russian Orthodox Church and the State: the Role in the Formation of Patriotism and Mechanisms of Interaction with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Feoktistov N.M. Some Regional Electoral Cycles in the Context of Federal Transformation Processes in Modern Russia on the Example of the Krasnoyarsk Region

Kostina T.A. Subjects of the Russian Federation and State Policy in the Field of Local Self-Government

Laliev Kh.E. The Role of the Internet in the Political Process

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Poyarkov R.A. On the Development of Digital Competencies of State Civil Servants of the Russian Federation

Yuan Chenzhao, Qian Chen, Bychkov A.A. Research and Perspectives of Digital Transformation of Government Administration

Dyshenova N.R., Chunikhinа A.A., Kornetov A.N., Kolosova O.A., Novoselsky S.O. Charity Policy: Evolution and Socio-Psychological Aspects

Krasavin E.V. Problems of Implementing the Concept of “Sustainable Development” in Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Transformations

Syrbu A.N., Torgushnikova V.V. Modern Tools for PR Support at the Regional Level of Public Administration

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Alaudinov A.A. Russia's Goals and Objectives in the Special Military Operation in Ukraine and in a Hybrid War Against the Collective West

Araev S.I., Titov M.K. Ukrainian Neo-Nazism as a Tool of Political Elites of Western Countries in the Fight Against Russia

Egorov S.S. The Political Crisis in Ukraine: Genesis, Causes and Consequences for Relations with Russia

Lena Milojevic. Independence of the EU and the Special Military Operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine

Shangaraev R.N., Ivochkina A.S. Prospects for the Implementation of Turkey's Idea to Create an Army of Turkic States

Zinnurov I.Kh. Features of the Development of Modern Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation Between Russia and Azerbaijan

Dong Dan. The Influence of Political, Economic and Cultural Factors on the Development of Sino-Russian Relations in the XIX-XX Centuries

Rad'kova T.V. Italian Strategic Culture in the Context of N. Machiavelli's Management Principles

Sun Xiaomeng, Medvedev N.P. Non-Traditional Security Threats and Ways to Counter Them in the Context of International Cooperation

Aby Shoresh, Odintsova T.A. History of Kurdish Studies in Russia

Dombrovskaia E.I. The Issue of Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Dong Wanli. Analyzing the Yoon Seok-Yeol Administration's Foreign Policy Toward China

Katkov I.E. Counter-Sanctions Measures of The Russian Federation as a Response to the Political and Economic Restrictions of Unfriendly Countries (Using the Example of the Fuel and Energy Complex)

Telegin D.S. The Architecture of Military and Political Deterrence of the People's Republic of China in the Indo-Pacific Region

Tikhonov V.G. Economic Influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Yulova A.A. Finnish Practices in Preserving Saami Cultural Heritage

Yan Yitong. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Arctic in the Context of the Polar Silk Road

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.001

I.V. MELNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National History, Sociology and Political Science Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia

THE PHILOSOPHICAL INTENTIONS OF METAMODERN AND MODERN POLITICAL VALUES: THEORY VS PRACTICE?

The problem of the correlation of paradigms of thinking and political values is of inescapable interest for modern social sciences and humanities. The aim of the study is to compare the meta-modern declared by intellectuals and cultural trainees with the one actualized in political practice. Metamodern claims to be a new paradigm of thinking. Paradigms originate before being embodied in political discourse, however, the actual political process is, in our opinion, the highest manifestation, a way of embodying and objectifying the general intentions of a particular cultural epoch, since it is the concentration, the point of the most complete realization of ideas. We believe that the criterion of "actualization in political practice" acts as a kind of test for the strength of one or another intellectual trend, especially claiming the status of a new paradigm. Metamodern as an intellectual trend, articulated for the first time in the 10s of the XXI century, is an insufficiently studied phenomenon, especially in the context of the study of the axiological foundations of modern political processes. The sphere of social and humanitarian knowledge seems to be specific because of the value-worldview conditionality in one form or another. For this reason, in our study of the designated problem, we resort to a proportionate methodology corresponding to the object and subject of political and philosophical reflection: in line with the axiological approach, we use the method of phenomenological reduction, which allows us to describe, rather than mechanically dissect (analyze) phenomena, gradually discovering meanings, eidetic essences of political experience, find correlates in consciousness and express its discursive. The result of the study were the conclusions obtained in the process of comparing what is declared in theory with what is actualized in practice, according to which, according to our estimates, the status of metamodern as a new paradigm cannot be detected.

Key words: Paradigm of thinking, modern, postmodern, metamodern, political values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.002

T.E. TELYATNIK Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of KubSU, Krasnodar, Russia

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHENOMENA OF THE WORLD OF POLITICS AS A SUBJECT OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

The article discusses political philosophy as one of the important areas in political science. The author of the article draws attention to current research in this area, and also gives a descriptive description of the methodological potential of political philosophy.

Key words: philosophy of politics, value approach, methodology of political philosophy, political sphere, subject of political philosophy, philosophy, political science, socio-political processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.003

O.YU. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student, Department of the History of Social and Political Thought, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

«SOBORNOST AND TOTAL SOLIDARITY»: TO THE QUESTION OF THE POLITICAL PROGRAM OF RUSSIAN COSMISM

The article focuses on the problem of defining the essential features of the philosophy of Russian cosmism, due to the fact that overly broad interpretations of this concept raise the question about the necessity of its existence in scientific discourse. The main purpose of this article is to determine the place of Russian cosmism in the history of Russian thought and highlight its key characteristics. The author considers the existing approaches to this problem and agrees with the position according to which the key ideas of Russian cosmism are a man connected with the cosmos and active project of changes of human being and the world. However, the author suggests specifying the evolution of mankind to the following directions: moral and ethical education of man based on new principles, orientation of society to achievements in the field of science and establishment of socio-political unity of all humanity. This specification allows narrowing the research field of Russian cosmism, and also confirms the necessity and relevance of analyzing this direction from the standpoint of socio-political sciences.

Key words: active evolution, history of social and political studies, Russian philosophy, Russian cosmism, sobornost.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.004

CHOI JAE DUK Professor, Head of Center for politics and Diplomacy at the Institute of ROK-China relations at Wongwang University Republic of Korea, Iksan, Korea

SOME APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE MODERN WORLD ORDER

Today there is a crisis in the liberal global order, and there is a rise in new centers of power. The lack of a unified content of the very concept of “liberal world order” classifies this issue as debatable. The competition between the United States and China for global hegemony, the changing role of Russia in the international arena, the challenge from developing countries, the consequences of the pandemic – all these and other factors of global development significantly influenced the structure and content of the existing world order. Russia is the main opponent of the liberal global order.

Key words: world order, global development, liberal global order, multilateral approach, USA, China, Russian Federation.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.005

V.V. VOLKOV Associate Professor Doctor of Economic Sciences Senior Lecturer of Department of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines Military-Transport Institute (Railroad Troops) of Military Academy of Logistics named after Army General A.V. Khruleva, Moscow, Russia

THE PLACE OF CONSERVATISM IN THE FORMATION OF STATE IDEOLOGY OF BOURGEOIS MODERNIZATION IN RUSSIA AFTER REFORMS

The article deals with the problem of conservative tendencies in the development of the state ideology of bourgeois modernization. The author believes that the conservative ideology of the bureaucratic elite of Russia during the reign of Alexander II and Alexander III was a natural tool for ideological substantiation of bourgeois transformations and was widely used by the state authorities. The outcome of the ideological search for government conservatives was the national conservative ideology. It relied on state capitalism and protectionism and became a counterbalance not only to bourgeois liberalism, but also to the concept of state socialism.

Key words: modernization, state ideology, conservatism, liberalism, autocracy, reforms, minister, nobility.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.006

A.S. CHENTSOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Research Center (Fundamental Military Historical Problems) of the Federal State Treasury Military Educational Institution of Higher Education "Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ORGANS AND TROOPS OF THE NKVD OF THE USSR OF EAST PRUSSIA: STRUCTURE AND TASKS

The article considers the issues of transformation of the structure and tasks of the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, operating on the territory of East Prussia in 1945-1946. As a result of the analysis of sources not previously introduced into scientific circulation, the composition of the grouping of the forces of the NKVD of the USSR during the East Prussian strategic operation, as well as during the period of leadership of the province of military authorities, is shown. Special attention is paid to the creation of the office of the commissioner of the NKVD – NKGB of the USSR in East Prussia – the predecessor of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kaliningrad region.

Key words: The Great Patriotic War, East Prussia, the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, the apparatus of the NKVD commissioners of the USSR on the fronts, the NKVD – NKGB commissioner of the USSR for East Prussia, operational sectors and operational groups of the NKVD of the USSR, the fight against sabotage and terrorist formations of the enemy, protection of public order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.007

S.I. BELOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

V.V. GOROBETS Junior Researcher, Department of Political Science, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences Master student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE COMMUNITY OF RUSSIAN GAMERS

The aim of the work is to assess the perception of the events of the First World War by Russians who actively consume products of the gaming industry. The theoretical basis of the study is formed by a combination of functional and cultural-semiotic approaches to the interpretation of social memory. The materials of a cybermetric study conducted using the IQBuzz service act as the empirical basis of the work. A weighted sample of 200 messages generated by cybermetrics was subjected to content analysis. The results obtained allow us to state that most gamers associate it mainly with negative events that erode their ingroup favoritism. At the same time, a significant part of these memory figures is endogenous in origin, i.e. is perceived as a consequence of the mistakes or incompetence of the Russian elites. The latter are perceived in a collective way within the framework of the system of ideas about Nicholas II, which forms a symbol of the managerial inefficiency of the establishment. The predominance of tragic content in the absence of positive outcomes that compensate for the victims of the war turns this event into an exception, causing significant damage to the positive historical myth that dominates the public mind.

Key words: World War I, image, cultural memory, gamers, identity.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.008

M.A. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Director, Chief Researcher of the Scientific and Educational Center for Political and Ethnopolitical Research of Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

L.Kh. DZAKHOVA Doctor of Political Science, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Political Science of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

ETHNOIDENTIFICATION BASES OF PATRIOTISM AS A PROBLEM-TOPICAL FIELD OF REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNALISM

The article presents a study of the reflection of the problem of patriotism in the regional scientific and journalistic array of North Ossetia-Alania. The theses of scientific journalism addressed to civil Russian patriotism are traced, and ideas dedicated to ethnic patriotism are identified, i.e. patriotism, which is determined by ethnic identification interests.

The connection between the meanings of civil Russian patriotism and patriotism in relation to one’s people – its cultural complex is clarified. There is a research trend that substantiates the mutual dependence of civil and ethnic principles in the formation of patriotic consciousness and patriotic sentiments in society. The actual North Ossetian historical and cultural principles of patriotism are highlighted as a component of the patriotism of Russians - a multi-ethnic civil nation.

Key words: patriotism, ethnic patriotism, ethnocultural, ethnopolitical interests, competition with patriotism, polyethical Russian nation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.009

D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

THE CRISIS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AS A FORM OF DYSFUNCTION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

The article develops the topic of functional measurement of crises of modernizing political systems. The crisis of political participation as a consequence of the crisis of resource allocation is chosen as the subject. There is a significant influence of forms of political participation on the stability of the political system. It is pointed out that the latest problematic forms of political participation often become the destabilizer of modernizing political systems. The most significant socio-political functions of political participation are highlighted: instrumental and internal. The first is used to select a representative of the government and to legally separate it. The second emphasizes the normative dimension of political participation and is significant in the search for human self-determination. The role and objects of political participation are investigated depending on the nature of the political regime. The types of unconventional political participation are indicated. The emphasis is made: the more crisis-like political participation becomes, the higher the degree of delegitimization of the political system. It is stated that the stability of the political system is also affected by such a function of political participation as the translation of social interests.

Key words: political system, political participation, political modernization, modernization crisis, dysfunction of the political system, unconventional political participation.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.010

A.A. ZAKHAROV Postgraduate student of the Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA: ESSENCE AND KEY FACTORS

The article defines the essence, identifies and systematizes ethnopolitical processes in the modern Russian state. The significance of ethnopolitical factors in Russia is due to both historical factors and current transformations of the international system and state development. The connection between ethnic relationships and political processes has a double relationship in the Russian Federation, defining many multidirectional processes and trends in state development in a complex system of ethnopolitical relations. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence and systematize the key factors of ethnopolitical processes in modern Russia. To achieve it, it seems necessary to solve a number of problems: identifying the essence of Russian ethnopolitical processes; identification and systematization of the main factors of ethnopolitical processes in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was the approaches of behaviorism and institutionalism, which made it possible to combine the consideration of statistical data and current political processes in modern Russia with an understanding of their institutional conditionality by state processes of the Russian Federation. The article determines that the essence of ethnopolitical processes lies in representing the interests or achieving the goals of ethnic groups operating within a certain political system. Among the key factors of ethnopolitical processes in Russia, we can highlight external ones, related to the global and international processes of the modern world, as well as internal ones, to a greater extent determined by state policy and the activities of the ethnic groups themselves. Regardless of the basis of ethno-political processes, their significance for the Russian state is noted by the country’s leadership and involves joint work to develop interethnic and ethno-state dialogue that ensures the stability of the Russian Federation.

Key words: ethnopolitics, ethnicity, political process, factor, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.011

I.V. KOMAR Specialist of the Information Technology Center of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

A.V. MAKAROV Administrator of the program «Internal Policy and Leadership» of the Faculty of Public and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

MEASURING POLITICAL STABILITYIN THE INTERESTS OF AUTHORITIES

Understanding the essence of power and methods of measuring its characteristics have long been the subject of discussion in scientific papers and in applied political research both in Russia and in the world. Throughout the long history of studying such a fundamental political phenomenon as power, a large block of scientific works has been formed using various methods and approaches to its study.

This paper considers the modern concept of political stability of power. In addition, the article presents a model of measuring the political stability of power developed by the authors, as well as offers recommendations on the use of the model in the interests of political power.

Key words: domestic policy, political stability, political stability measurement matrix.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.012

A.V. KALAKUTSKY Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Institute of Economics and Management of the Samara National Research University of the аcademician S.P. Korolev (Samara University), Samara, Russia

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN POLITICAL MANAGEMENT

The article explores the multifaceted process of using information and communication technologies in the political sphere and its impact on society. The authors analyze the complexities that arise when trying to understand how people use these technologies and how they influence them, paying attention to the uncertainty that generates unrealistic expectations and fears among people. The article emphasizes that a deep understanding of this process requires a combination of technical knowledge with a historical understanding of people's lives, traditions, and customs of a specific country. The stages of creating, collecting, storing, processing, and disseminating information are discussed, emphasizing their significance for the work of political actors and the realization of their interests in the political space. Special attention is paid to the role of information and communication technologies in contemporary politics and their ability to influence political processes and public opinion. The article provides an overview of current literature on the topic, presenting a comprehensive view of the issue.

Key words: information and communication technologies, political process, information creation, information collection, information storage, information processing, information dissemination, political strategies, mobilization, research.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.013

E.A. KOTOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE: THE ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF PATRIOTISM AND MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION WITH THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article concerns a topical issue – the interaction of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian army. The purpose of the study is to assess the role of the ROCH in the formation of a patriotic attitude and qualities necessary for the military to defeat the enemy, as well as to identify the characteristic mechanisms by which the ROCH participates in the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a legitimate and spiritually influential ideological structure. The researcher sets himself the task of analyzing the history of the development of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as legislation in this area, internal church documents regulating the activities of the military clergy. Attention is also paid to the actual practice of serving military clergy, in particular, during the period of a special military operation in Ukraine. It is concluded that the state supports the strengthening of the ideological influence and presence of ROCH priests in the Russian army, however, without giving them additional legal preferences that would provide social guarantees and benefits in case of injury or death. In addition, there is a tendency to sacralize military operations, which is reflected in the symbolic nomination of military units. Information support for the Russian army and the Institute of military clergy is also noted on social networks and on the website of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Key words: Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodoxy, Russian army, armed forces, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.014

N.M. FEOKTISTOV Graduate student at the Institute of Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

SOME REGIONAL ELECTORAL CYCLES IN THE CONTEXT OF FEDERAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN MODERN RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION

This article, using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, analyzes several stages of regional electoral cycles in the context of federal electoral processes in order to identify the features of interaction between the Center and the regions. The problems of transformation processes in modern Russia are considered through the prism of electoral perception.

Key words: electoral cycle, political election campaign, Krasnoyarsk Territory, regional electoral processes, federal center.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.015

T.A. KOSTINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and International Relations of the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chelyabinsk State University", Chelyabinsk, Russia

SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the implementation of state policy on the development of local self-government.

The purpose of the study is to study the process of formation of public authorities of the Subjects of the Russian Federation as subjects of state policy in the field of LSG in the period after the adoption of the current Constitution of Russia. Systematic, institutional, comparative and historical scientific methods are used. It is concluded that the content, goals and objectives of the state policy in the field of LSG are determined by the federal government, and the powers of the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in its implementation depend on the state of the state and the nature of relations between the center and the regions in a specific period of the country's development.

Key words: local self-government, subjects of the Russian Federation, state policy, public authorities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.016

Kh.E. LALIEV North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS

The article examines a complex and contradictory process – the penetration of Internet technologies into the political sphere of society, examines political communication in the Internet space, highlights the forms of political participation of citizens through Internet technologies, and highlights the advantages of using the network in the political sphere of society.

Key words: Internet, political process, Internet communications, politics, mass communications.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.017

R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia, founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES OF STATE CIVIL SERVANTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article discusses the importance of developing digital competencies among state civil servants of the Russian Federation in the context of global digitization and transition to a digital economy. The authors argue for the need for an integrative approach to the formation and assessment of digital competencies, which includes setting goals, detailing content, structuring development methods, and criteria for evaluating results. Special attention is paid to the proposal to enshrine the concepts of "digital competencies" and requirements for them in regulatory acts, which will ensure legal clarity and promote the effective adaptation of civil servants to the demands of the digital economy. The authors emphasize that the development of digital competencies is key to the successful functioning of public administration institutions in modern conditions.

Key words: digital competencies, civil servants, digital economy, regulatory acts, competency-based approach, competency development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.018

YUAN CHENZHAO Master's degree University of Melbourne, China

QIAN CHEN PhD in economics of the Haina HIC Research Center of the Yangze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China

A.A. BYCHKOV Junior researcher Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia

RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION

The digital transformation of public administration is an integral part of the modern development of megacities such as Moscow. This process covers various aspects of city management, ranging from improving the efficiency of government services to ensuring convenience for residents through the use of new technologies. One of the key directions of digital transformation of public administration in Moscow is the implementation of e-government. This allows city authorities to increase the accessibility of government services for residents and businesses by transitioning to an online format. Citizens can obtain information and perform various administrative procedures online, saving time and reducing bureaucratic burden. Another important aspect of the digital transformation of public administration in Moscow is the implementation of smart technologies to enhance the comfort of city dwellers. For example, smart city systems enable the optimization of transportation infrastructure management, monitoring of environmental conditions, and ensuring safety on the streets, thus creating favorable conditions for living and working in the city. Thanks to the digital transformation of public administration, Moscow is becoming more open and transparent to its residents. The introduction of open data systems allows citizens to access information about the work of city authorities, budget expenditures, the state of infrastructure, and other important aspects of city life, fostering trust between the government and the population.

Key words: megacities, digital transformation, public administration, e-government, open data system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.019

N.R. DYSHENOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology Institute of Social Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

А.А. CHUNIKHINА Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

A.N. KORNETOV PhD, MD, professor, the Head of Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department of the Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia

O.A. KOLOSOVA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Marketing Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Management», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

CHARITY POLICY: EVOLUTION AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Introduction: the work examines certain socio-psychological aspects of charitable activities, which influence the intensity of socially responsible behavior of citizens. The key role of charity is to increase the level of social security of civil society as a whole. The presence in society of people who are not indifferent to other people’s problems significantly increases the degree of its social consolidation. It is the expansion of the range of charitable activities that creates the foundation for overcoming difficult life situations for certain categories of the population. In this regard, the existence of philanthropists in the structure of civil society increases the level of social security of its individual representative.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the evolutionary features and socio-psychological aspects of charitable activities in Russia. The following tasks are solved within the framework of the article:

– highlight the social relevance and evolutionary aspects of charity in the domestic civil space;

– summarize the results of diagnostics of the psychological aspects of charitable activity in Russia;

– group the main socio-psychological motives for the formation of charitable initiatives.

Research results: the team of authors analyzed the key socio-psychological aspects of private charitable activities in Russia, based on an analysis of the reasons for the degree of trust and distrust of the population in the activities of charitable organizations, as well as on research into the most typical motives for public charitable activity.

Key words: charity, civil society, trust, involvement, charitable activity, charitable initiatives, motives.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.020

E.V. KRASAVIN Graduate student at the Faculty of Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, manager of the coal mining company Elga LLC, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CONCEPT OF “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The concept of “sustainable development” arose largely under the influence of the energy crisis of the 70s in Europe during the Cold War. According to the mathematical models of the authors of the Club of Rome report “The Limits to Growth,” positive development scenarios involved controlling population growth, curbing capital investment, and reducing the consumption of natural resources. The previous model of economic growth, according to the authors of the report, would inevitably lead to catastrophic consequences for the economy and a sharp reduction in the planet's population due to wars, famine and other social disasters.

The system of international agreements forms the institutional basis for the implementation of the concept of “sustainable development” on a global scale. Globalization has contributed to the introduction of “sustainable development” standards into business and into documents of strategic development of states. However, globalization processes have created unequal conditions for national producers and TNCs (transnational corporations). The process of deglobalization and the division of the world into competing centers of power led by the United States and China create conditions for rethinking the concept of “sustainable development” taking into account the interests of developing countries.

This article examines the problems of implementing the concept of “sustainable development” in Russia in connection with the global processes of transformation of the world order. The process of deglobalization leads to the fragmentation of world markets, a revision of the established rules of the game, including in such areas as climate change control, the development of green energy, immigration policy, etc. According to the author, “sustainable development” standards, implemented without taking into account the economic and socio-demographic characteristics of developing countries, can lead to negative consequences for their economic development. The growing influence of political factors on global economic processes and the formation of blocs of hostile states suggests with a high degree of probability that in the field of “sustainable development” policy the process will develop towards the formation of national and regional standards and concepts of “sustainable development”.

Key words: transformation, globalization, national development goals, deglobalization, sustainable development, demography.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.021

A.N. SYRBU Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Volgograd Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

V.V. TORGUSHNIKOVA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor Volgograd Institute of Management Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

MODERN TOOLS FOR PR SUPPORT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article analyzes the elements of the regional management system. The functioning of the system in the context of transformation of external factors against the backdrop of Western sanctions. The reasons for the “slipping” of the control mechanism at the regional level are analyzed. The prerequisites for the maturation of a human-centric model of public administration are described. The expansion of taking into account the intentions of society as an object of managerial influence is noted. PR activities are considered as a tool for establishing relations of trust and mutual understanding between the state and citizens. A system for instant response to problems raised by social network users is described. At the same time, the specific features of the work of the “Regional Management Center” are specified. The peculiarity of the operation of the “Incident Management” system tool is noted. The ratings of influence and activity in social networks of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were compared and the place in the ranking of activity in social networks of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was analyzed.

Key words: regional management, effective regional management, human-centricity, management mechanisms, sociality, regional administrator, personal accounts, political space Financial support initiated by the authors.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.022

А.А. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S GOALS AND OBJECTIVES IN THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE AND IN A HYBRID WAR AGAINST THE COLLECTIVE WEST

The purpose and objectives. The article is devoted to the study of the goals and objectives of Russia in the zone of the Special Military Operation, as well as in the total hybrid war unleashed against our state by the collective West.

Methods. There are general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and the method of researching sources and a systematic approach, since the impact of the collective West in relation to Russia is considered as an interconnected system of measures aimed at inflicting strategic defeat on Russia.

Results. It is shown that the goals of the Special Military Operation are the demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine. In addition, the results of the study are the identification of specific tasks set by the Russian leadership, the solution of which will allow achieving the goals of the operation. The tasks include the liberation of not only the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, the Zaporizhia and Kherson regions, but also other territories, because otherwise Russia will not ensure its strategic security. It is also established that Russia's key goal in this hybrid confrontation with the collective West is to create a multipolar world in which the United States and its satellite allies will not dominate.

Conclusions. The creation of alternative financial systems, de-dollarization, and the weakening of the military and political dominance of the West, including through achieving the goals of the Special Military Operation, will allow us to move to a more just, multipolar world order. Russia's success in achieving the goals of the Special Military Operation is capable of initiating processes of transformation of the existing world order, undermining the influence of the collective West throughout the world.

Key words: Russia, the Special Military Operation, the collective West, Ukraine, hybrid wars, multipolar world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.023

S.I. ARAEV Candidate of political sciences, Military University, Moscow, Russia

M.K. TITOV Associate professor, candidate of sociological sciences, Military University, Moscow, Russia

UKRAINIAN NEO-NAZISM AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL ELITES OF WESTERN COUNTRIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST RUSSIA

At present, issues of geopolitical interaction are more relevant than ever. It is noted that the policy of interference of Western countries in the internal affairs of Russia with the aim of weakening, destroying and capturing it has long roots, starting with the establishment of the Russian state as a world “player”, a geopolitical competitor. As evidenced by repeated military-force attempts to resolve this issue. The Department of Political Science of the Prince Alexander Nevsky Military University summarized the results of a number of studies revealing the main features of modern neo-Nazism, the mechanism of its implementation, as well as the role of Western states in the transformation of Ukraine into the neo-Nazi “anti-Russia” project. To summarize what has been said, it should be noted that it is necessary to always remember the possibility of using technologies to revive nationalist ideas in Russia.

Key words: Russia, West, Ukraine, politics, neo-Nazism, war, nationalism, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.024

S.S. EGOROV PhD student Faculty of political science Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN UKRAINE: GENESIS, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES FOR RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the consideration of the socio-political crisis that has developed on the territory of Ukraine as a result of the 2013-2014 coup d’etat. All this forced Russia to take active measures to protect the Russian-speaking population living in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Methods: historical and comparative analysis, content analysis of Ukrainian and Russian sources, strategic planning documents, as well as official positions of the parties on the settlement of the conflict in Ukraine. Results: the author’s forecast of the likely options for a peaceful settlement of the political crisis in Ukraine is presented, and recommendations for Russia's policy towards Ukraine are presented.

Key words: Ukraine, political crisis, color revolutions, world order, Russian Federation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.025

LENA MILOJEVIC Assistant to the Ambassador of the Republic of Serbia to the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INDEPENDENCE OF THE EU AND THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN UKRAINE

Since its founding, the EU has made it a rule to use every crisis for deeper integration, further transformation and strengthening of unity. The EU quietly used the launch of a special military operation by the Russian Federation in Ukraine to strengthen its independence, its often-mentioned “strategic autonomy” and its role as a global player in the international arena.

Key words: EU, independence, global player, special military operation, security and defense.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.026

R.N. SHANGARAEV PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

A.S. IVOCHKINA Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TURKEY'S IDEA TO CREATE AN ARMY OF TURKIC STATES

Turkey pursues an independent policy aimed at promoting its national interests in all regions that were once part of the zone of strategic influence: neo-Ottomanism – the Balkans and the Arab world; pan-Islamism – Africa, Europe and the North Caucasus; pan-Turkism – the Turkic-speaking countries of Central Asia, as well as the Turkic-speaking republics within the Russian Federation and the South Caucasus. In the international arena, Turkey positions itself not only as a regional center of power, but also as a global player. Turkish policy, based on the concept of pan-Turkism, is aimed at developing relations and promoting the concept of Organizing Turkic-speaking states and forming the "Army of the Great Turan".

Key words: Turkey, Central Asia, Turan army, Organization of Turkic States, "soft power".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.027

I.KH. ZINNUROV Head of the Representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Russian Information and Cultural Center in Baku, Councelor of the Russian Embassy in Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND AZERBAIJAN

Within the framework of the development of humanitarian and cultural cooperation of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Azerbaijan at the present stage, the following areas can be distinguished:

– socio-political events on modern and historical issues;

– popularization of classical and modern Russian culture;

– development of relations with NGOs and volunteers;

– promotion of international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russia, Azerbaijan, Russian culture, NGOs, volunteering, humanitarian cooperation, development of international relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, compatriots.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.028

DONG DAN Senior Lecturer (Master's degree) Department of the Russian Language Center Xi'an University, China

THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINO-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES

The article focuses on the development of Chinese-Russian relations in the XIX-XX centuries. In the first half of the 19th century, the processes of territorial delimitation in the Far East continued, as well as the development of trade and economic relations, which led to an increase in cultural exchanges. The turning point in relations between the two countries occurred in the 1850s and 1890s, when the weakened Qing Empire was forced to respond to Russia's diplomatic efforts to resolve disputed territorial issues and develop trade. Russian Russian-Chinese relations began a new stage at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, due to the fact that in 1896 the Union (Aigun) Treaty and the agreement on the construction of the CER were signed between the two countries, the implementation of which was complicated by the Russo-Japanese war and "unstable" relations with China in 1918-1949. A long period of cooling relations in the 1960s and 1980s ended with the restoration of relations between the two countries, as a result of which, at the end of the twentieth century, China took the place of Russia's main trade and economic partner, which affected cultural exchange.

Key words: Sino-Russian relations, territorial disputes, trade relations, sinology, cultural exchange.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.029

T.V. RAD'KOVA Senior Lecturer, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ITALIAN STRATEGIC CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF N. MACHIAVELLI'S MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

Currently, there is a noticeable trend of increasing attention to the study of the concept of "strategic culture". This topic is in the centre of attention not only of political institutions, but also of the academic community. The intensified interest is associated with radical transformations in the system of international relations and the search for ways to more accurately analyse and forecast political processes in order to ensure national and international security. The rapidly changing and increasingly complex global security environment poses new challenges and makes it necessary to study more thoroughly the theoretical concept of strategic culture. In this regard, the importance of historical experience, the study of lessons learned from the past, and the analysis of attempts by individual states to implement ambitious foreign policy projects based on military force is growing. This paper will examine Italian strategic culture in the context of Machiavellian principles of state management.

Key words: strategic culture, art of war, revolution in military affairs, N. Machiavelli.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.030

SUN XIAOMENG Master, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Moscow, Russia

NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS AND WAYS TO COUNTER THEM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

This article is devoted to the analysis of non-traditional security threats faced by mankind after the end of the Cold War. The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of “non-traditional security threats” and to identify the potential of international cooperation in combating them. The article uses the following research methods: historical method, method of political analysis, comparative method. The results of the study showed that it is possible to fight non-traditional security threats only. The author of the article draws attention to China's contribution to the fight against non-traditional security threats. The article concludes that in connection with the expansion of the number of new threats to security, there is a question about the feasibility of creating international organizations that have become a “unifying link” in the issue of countering global threats.

Key words: security, non-traditional security threats, international cooperation, international relations, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.031

ABY SHORESH Applicant, Department of Political Science of the East FGP MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

T.A. ODINTSOVA Applicant, Department of Cultural Studies Moscow State Institute of Culture, Moscow, Russia

HISTORY OF KURDISH STUDIES IN RUSSIA

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the significance of the Kurdish issue and the events in the Middle East unfolding around it are of an international nature, and many aspects of this problem can only be interpreted by Kurdology (Kurdish studies) – a science that studies the Kurds and has a special role in the Russian Middle Eastern strategy, but at the same time remains one of the most insufficiently covered scientific fields. Russia can rightfully be called the founder of Kurdish studies, because for the first time in the history of world oriental studies, it was in the Russian Empire that the direction of oriental studies was established in an independent and official status back in the 19th century. Much of what is known today about the Kurdish people, their ethnogenesis, identity, unique cultural tradition, features of the structure of society and centuries-old struggle for the right to self-determination, was discovered by Russian Kurdologists.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the development of Kurdology, the history of which is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary (Russian Kurdish studies), Soviet (Soviet Kurdish studies) and modern (modern Russian Kurdish studies). The implementation of this goal requires solving the following tasks:

– to identify the factors that set the direction of the transformation of science and its method;

– to determine the problem of Kurdish studies at each historical stage;

– to substantiate the functional role of Kurdology as an auxiliary diplomatic tool.

The study is carried out in three parts. This article is the first part of the study.

Key words: Kurdish studies, Kurdish people, Russia, Russian-Kurdish relations, history, politics, science.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.032

E.I. DOMBROVSKAIA Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ISSUE OF WATER SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION

This article attempts to consider the problems of the water factor in the Middle East and North Africa region in order to determine its role in achieving water security. The main aspects of the classification of the water factor by spheres of manifestation within the framework of political, socio-economic and environmental areas are determined. The key role of the transboundary element in the intensification of conflict in the region is highlighted and examples of the most significant and significant hotbeds of tension due to water scarcity are given. Using the example of the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Nile and Jordan, different manifestations of approaches to the analysis of the problem of achieving water security are demonstrated. The ambiguity of the nature of the water factor as a cause and consequence of internal instability and external conflicts is emphasized. The author points out the importance of analyzing and developing the problems of the water factor in the Middle East and North Africa region for the preservation of global water security due to the interdependence and mutual influence of the provision of natural resources with social transformations that have a tremendous impact on key economic indicators of the countries of the region and the world.

Key words: water factor, water resources, Middle East and North Africa region, water security, water scarcity, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.033

DONG WANLI Postgraduate student, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences, China

ANALYZING THE YOON SEOK-YEOL ADMINISTRATION'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD CHINA

During the 2 years of Yoon Seok-yeol's administration, his party's policy toward China has become clear. Yun Seok-yol's administration is "tilting" toward the United States and Japan, prioritizing the establishment of a "comprehensive strategic alliance between South Korea and the United States," promoting better South Korea-Japan relations and strengthening military cooperation, while emphasizing the establishment of "mutually respectful" relations between South Korea and China. In the 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, they have been relatively stable, smoothly developing on the basic position of jointly and actively resolving conflicts and contradictions, but still facing obstacles and influences from key issues such as: Sino-US relations, the DPRK nuclear issue, the prospects of their own economic development, the hopes of the people, etc. Paying attention to and improving the above-mentioned issues helps to put the relations between the two Koreas back on the right development trajectory.

Key words: South Korea's foreign policy, China-South Korea relations, Korea-U.S. alliance, Yun Seok-yol's government.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.034

I.E. KATKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COUNTER-SANCTIONS MEASURES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX)

This article examines the actions of the Russian Federation taken as measures to counter Western sanctions in the strategically important energy sector for Russia. As the purpose of this work, the author highlights the qualitative analysis of measures aimed at minimizing the negative effect of anti-Russian sanctions of unfriendly states. During the research, methods of theoretical and comparative analysis, synthesis, induction, as well as observation and interpretation of the results were applied. The focus of the study is on identifying Russia's current position in view of the increasingly increasing sanctions pressure. As a conclusion of this study, the author cites the position that the Russian Federation, as a state occupying key positions in the international energy space, has taken very clear and consistent steps that have allowed the domestic economy to adapt to new macroeconomic and political realities in the face of restrictive measures by Western countries. The measures developed by the country's political and administrative bloc together with key companies in the fuel and energy sector allow Russia to offset the cumulative negative effect of unprecedented sanctions from Europe and the United States. The results of the study contribute to the study of the issue of strengthening Russia's energy security as a net exporter of hydrocarbons, as well as to the practical aspect of issues related to the formation and implementation of state energy policy in the context of countering the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries.

Key words: energy, Russian Federation, sanctions, fuel and energy complex, counter-sanctions measures, natural gas.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.035

D.S. TELEGIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ARCHITECTURE OF MILITARY AND POLITICAL DETERRENCE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION

Currently, against the background of intensifying confrontation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, the militarization of the Indo-Pacific region is taking place. The United States is using a system of political blocks and international treaties with its regional sales to strategically deter China, changing the entire regional security system.

The paper presents the results of an analysis of strategic documents and speeches of top officials of the states of the region.

Key words: geopolitics, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, AUKUS, QUAD, ANZUS Treaty, defense cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.036

V.G. TIKHONOV Teacher-researcher St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

The article provides an analysis of the economic influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on both the Eurasian region and the international system. The economic influence of the SCO is determined through the following factors: SCO structures of economic cooperation and its’ activities; economic cooperation projects implemented by the SCO; the value of the gross domestic product of the SCO member states.

The aim of the article is to determine the features of the development of the influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on both the Eurasian region and the international system.

The set goal is achieved through solving the following tasks:

1) to characterize the economic influence of the SCO as a multifactorial process of development of an international organization;

2) to highlight the factors of the SCO's economic influence on the international system and the Eurasian region;

3) to analyze the economic influence of the SCO within the framework of the identified factors.

The methodological basis of the article involves the use of a systematic approach in order to identify the economic influence of the SCO as a system of various aspects of the influence of an international organization.

The SCO structures leading economic cooperation between the countries exert economic influence through the implementation of economic cooperation projects of the SCO member states. The SCO's economic influence through these projects is being established both within the region and in the international arena, taking into account the gross domestic product of the SCO member states such as China, India and Russia.

Key words: international organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO, economic influence, GDP, Eurasian region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.037

А.А. YULOVA Post-graduate student, St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), St. Petersburg, Russia

FINNISH PRACTICES IN PRESERVING SAAMI CULTURAL HERITAGE

The article explores the role of Finnish state policy towards the Sámi people and their cultural heritage. The author analyses the relationship between the Sámi and the Finnish state, and highlights current policies and programmes aimed at preserving Sámi culture and language. The article also discusses the challenges faced by the Sámi in modern society and offers recommendations for improving the situation of this unique ethnic community.

Aim. To analyse the methods and measures that Finland has implemented to preserve the Sámi cultural heritage, to identify their effectiveness and to offer recommendations for improving approaches to preserving the culture of this unique people.

Results. The unresolved problems faced by the Sámi people in contemporary Finland are confirmed. Some of the key unresolved challenges include: preservation and development of the Sami language and culture; economic development and equality; inequalities in access to economic opportunities and resources, which may hinder their economic development and well-being; and violation of suffrage.

Conclusions. Despite the State's efforts to preserve Sami culture and language, the Sami language is still under threat and needs additional support for its preservation and development. The Sámi face challenges in securing their political representation and participation in decision-making processes that affect them.

Key words: Finland, Saami, Saami language, indigenous peoples, discrimination, inequality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.105.5.038

YAN YITONG PhD student at RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLAR SILK ROAD

The article discusses about Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic region in the context of the “Polar Silk Road” in modern political realities. It is indicated that the China aims to consistently realize its geoeconomic and geopolitical interests in Polar region, designating the development of the Arctic as one of the state strategic goals. Special attention in China's policy is related to the cooperation with the Russian Federation in Arctic, in particular, in the exploration and development of the Northern Sea Route. Special relevance of the strengthening of interaction between countries began after the start of the Russian Special Military Operation in Ukraine in 2022 and because of the blockade of the Red Sea due to Israeli military operation in the Palestinian Gaza. It is concluded that in modern conditions, cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic region is intensifying and is aimed at further developing joint projects for the development of the Northern Sea Route in the context of the “Polar Silk Road”.

Key words: geopolitics, Arctic, “Polar Silk Road”, Northern Sea Route, cooperation between Russia and China.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 10-2 (98-2), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Sadov V.V. Orthodoxy as a Moral and Value Guidline of the Russian Statehood: Historical Political Analysis

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Aliyeva L.V., Nikitina N.P. Community-Based Mechanisms in the Management System of the Occupied Territory of the Pskov Region (1941-1944)

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Somov A.A. Representation of Socio-Political Relations in the Concept of «Postdramatic Theater» and Modern Theatrical Practices

Ergashev I., Safarov M.M. Futurological Analysis of the Dynamics of Changes in Youth Political Consciousness and Culture in the New Uzbekistan Society

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Gorchakova A.R., Ivanova E.A., Razumov D.V. Features and Trends of Formation of Political Communication Channels

Prokopov V.A. The Role of Social Media in Forming the Political Agenda

Ivanov S.G. Digitization Policy: Management Experience, Priorities and Risks

Kozhukhov E.A. Federal National Projects as an Instrument for Implementing State Social Policy: Concepts and Technologies

Mintyuk D.G. Conflicts in the System of Public Administration and Methods for their Settlement

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Chunikhina A.A., Mikhailova O.P., Tomin V.V., Losev A.N., Novoselsky S.O. Analysis of the Use of Digital Technologies in the Scientific and Educational Space

Novoselsky S.O., Kvach N.M., Zolkin A.L., Levkina V.S., Fadeeva N.V. Competition in the Market of Educational Services Under Sanctions Policy

Novoselsky S.O., Tumasheva M.V., Vetrova E.A., Belozerova T.N. Assessment of Key Components of Sanctions Risk for Russian Higher Education and Science

Cai Yaohan. Features of Management in the Cultural Sphere at the Present Stage of Development

Goncharova O.V., Gatina A.M., Chistyakova A.V., Evstratova T.A., Novoselsky S.O. Factors of Regional Development of Sports Tourism

Qin Ziyi. State and Municipal Management in the XXI Century: Theory, Methodology, Practice

Botov A.V. Public Policy in the Field of Social Protection of the Population: Problems of Implementation and Prospects

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Danilov V.A., Danilova E.V. Central Asia: the Intersection of Interests of Russia, the USA and China in the Region in the Context of the Change of Epochs (Part 1)

Kurnovskii R.M. Investor and Employee Sentiment Changes in Israel's it Industry in Light of the Implemented Judicial Reform

Gao Dai. The Role of Chinese Media in the Implementation of Foreign Policy

Gou Changchao. The Strategic Triangle of the RIC in Scientific Research

Kishueva I.A. Political-Communicative Methods of Digital Diplomacy

Adohounde Yaovi Sylvestre. Benin-Chinese Relations: Benefitable Cooperation for Both Countries?

Sibirkin P.D. The Importance of Afghanistan for the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan Since 2016

Pashaev S.Sh. New Cognitive Technologies in International Politics

Song Yifan. New Brics+ Format

Pesochin A.M. The Place of Russia and BRICS in the Foreign Policy of the Republic of South African

Tsaritsyna P.M. Political Science Studies of Elites in France

STUDENT SCIENCE

Xudongyue. Sino-Russian Diplomatic Relations: a New Model of Development

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.001

V.V. SADOV PhD student, History of social and political thought department, Faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ORTHODOXY AS A MORAL AND VALUE GUIDLINE OF THE RUSSIAN STATEHOOD: HISTORICAL POLITICAL ANALYSIS

In the situation of the modern geopolitical crisis, the determining factor is the formation of one’s own ideological and value foundation for the further development of society and the state. It also becomes obvious that the universal ideals of liberal ideology are exhausting themselves and are not able to provide the necessary impetus for social development any longer. For this reason, it becomes vitally important to explore one's own past in an ideological and political context in order to identify the internal potential of traditional culture. This becomes especially relevant for modern Russia, which finds itself in conditions of brutal ideological and political confrontation with Western countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the ideological and value foundation of the centralized and sovereign Russian state, which was formed during the late XV-XVI centuries. Achieving this goal is possible by performing the following research tasks: 1. express the transformations in the international position of Russia during the period of the 15th-16th centuries, under the conditions of which the formation of a sovereign and centralized Russian state took place; 2. identify the main value-philosophical concepts that competed for the status of the ideological foundation in the formation of the phenomenon of Russian autocracy; 3. identify manifestations of the designated concepts in the official political life of the Russian state during the period under study. Within the framework of this study, methods of political-textological and comparative analysis, the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction and elements of hermeneutics were used. The result of this research is the adaptation of R. Wright's concept of the process of formation of new religious and philosophical concepts in the conditions of transformation of socio-political reality presented in the work. The extrovertive tendency that existed for quite a long time in the spiritual and political development of Russia at the end of the 15th century. encounters new introvertive concepts. It was precisely the latest ideals based on the Orthodox tradition that became the philosophical foundation of the Russian autocracy. In modern conditions of a new confrontation, a return to this moral and value model can become a source of internal energy for the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russia, Orthodoxy, Russian autocracy, spiritual and political development.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.002

L.V. ALIYEVA Ph.D. in History, Senior Researcher at the Research and Educational Laboratory for Studying the Events of the Second World War and Counteracting the Falsification of History, Associate Professor; Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia

N.P. NIKITINA Ph.D. in History, Senior Researcher at the Research and Educational Laboratory for Studying the Events of the Second World War and Counteracting the Falsification of History, Associate Professor; Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia

COMMUNITY-BASED MECHANISMS IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE OCCUPIED TERRITORY OF THE PSKOV REGION (1941-1944)

The article deals with the peculiarities of the community-based mechanisms functioning in the management system of the occupied territory of the Pskov region during the Great Patriotic War. Despite the completed collectivization, which is associated with the liquidation of communal relations in the Russian village, under the Nazi occupation regime the village community is not only being restored, but also functioning quite successfully, solving the problems of ensuring the occupation authorities and the survival of the local population.

Key words: Peasant community, village headman, Nazi occupation, Great Patriotic War.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.003

A.A. SOMOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University; the chief administrator of the theater "School of Dramatic Art", the stage on Novoslobodskaya, Moscow, Russia

REPRESENTATION OF SOCIO-POLITICAL RELATIONS IN THE CONCEPT OF «POSTDRAMATIC THEATER» AND MODERN THEATRICAL PRACTICES

The term «postdramatic theatre», systematically introduced by Hans-Thies Lehmann since the 1990s, has now gained international fame. Since the book Postdramatic Theater was first published in 1999, it has been translated into twenty languages.

Lehman used the term as an alternative to the ubiquitous term «postmodern theatre» to describe how the vast variety of modern theater forms opposed itself not so much to «modernity» as to «drama». They no longer corresponded to the concept of mimetic enactment of dramatic conflict in the form of narrative and dialogue spoken by characters in an «artificially» created reality by the author.

Тhe purpose of this paper is to attempt, in general terms, to describe whether postdramatic theater – in terms of both Lehmann's theoretical approach and the variety of contemporary theatrical and performance practices that fall under this term – can be considered political, given that its modes of political engagement are essentially differs from those previously practiced in the «dramatic» (repertoire) theater.

Key words: postdramatic, political, theatrical practices.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.004

I. ERGASHEV Professor of the Department of Civil Society and legal education" National University Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

M.M. SAFAROV Doctoral student at the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, senior lecturer at the Department of Humanities, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

FUTUROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN YOUTH POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND CULTURE IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN SOCIETY

The article examines changes in the political consciousness and culture of youth in the new society of Uzbekistan as a factor of social adaptation. Methodological approaches and the main trends of changes in the political consciousness and culture of modern Uzbek youth will also be considered, based on empirical research data on the futurological analysis of the dynamics of changes in the political consciousness and culture of youth in society.

Key words: political consciousness, political culture, change of political consciousness and culture, Political norm, political value, social adaptation of youth, dynamics of changes, adaptive type, hierarchy of value orientations, political organizations, political parties, public organizations.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.005

A.R. GORCHAKOVA Postgraduate student of Department of Russian Politics of Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

E.A. IVANOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples', Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.V. RAZUMOV Postgraduate student of Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples', Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES AND TRENDS OF FORMATION OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

One of the key tools that helps to establish a connection between political leaders and society can be called political communication. Only with effectively built channels of political communication is it possible to fully achieve political goals. A classification of types of political communication, types of channels through which communication in the political sphere is carried out, as well as the main features of the formation of political communication channels and trends characteristic of the present are described. Political communication becomes one of the main socializing institutions of modern society and makes it possible to form effective channels of interaction between the state and society through the media. In the context of digitalization, traditional media migrate to online space, creating information portals, sites on the global Internet, setting up accounts and pages on social networks and other Internet platforms.

Key words: political communication, information technologies, media reality, communication channels.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.006

V.A. PROKOPOV Postgraduate student of the Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN FORMING THE POLITICAL AGENDA

Social media has created a new context for the existence of public policy. This article primarily contributes to a better understanding of the role of social media in agenda setting. The factors under the influence of which the agenda is formed and modified are identified. Social networks have become an established channel of political communication, which parties and politicians readily use. Users of new media conduct active discussions, directly influencing the agenda, including using manipulative techniques. Network media have also significantly expanded the ability of various actors to propose their agenda to the media, society and government. There are precedents when topics launched into the information space through new media became the focus of public attention. Through social media, people can express their dissatisfaction with political decisions. In addition, social networks have become a platform for creating communities of like-minded people, where people can discuss current issues and find support from each other. Network media have also significantly expanded the ability of various actors to propose their agenda to the media, society and government. There are precedents when topics launched into the information space through new media became the focus of public attention. The repeated expansion of the media-political field, the emergence of new actors in it, and changes in focusing mechanisms affected the entire process of agenda formation.

Key words: agenda, formation of the political agenda, social media, mass media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.007

S.G. IVANOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DIGITIZATION POLICY: MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE, PRIORITIES AND RISKS

The purpose of the article is to study the historical and modern experience of managing Russian digitalization policy, the priorities of this policy and the risks arising from it. The research methods were regulatory analysis, historical discourse, as well as a qualitative comprehensive analysis of digitalization policy in Russia. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that management experience has made it possible today to create an extensive and constantly updated regulatory framework, variable management tools to identify political actors and stakeholders mobilized at the state level, which makes it possible to assert the formation of a specific digital environment in Russia. But, in addition to this, there is a set of certain risks of the digitalization policy that require a serious approach to this area and an early solution. As a conclusion, the thesis is put forward that it is necessary to promptly solve problems that arise in the process of digitalization policy in order to prevent the emergence of social crises.

Key words: digitalization, digitalization policy, information and communication technologies, public administration, public policy, risks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.008

E.A. KOZHUKHOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FEDERAL NATIONAL PROJECTS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING STATE SOCIAL POLICY: CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES

The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept and technologies of national projects in the social sphere, as well as problematic aspects of their implementation. The research methods were: analytical, descriptive, generalization, specification. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that national projects as a tool for implementing social policy have their own specifics, as well as serious advantages. Although the projects are large-scale, they have a clearly defined direction and framework. Their implementation requires many resources, which are determined during the development of projects. At the same time, a number of problems were identified that complicate the implementation of national projects within the framework of social policy. The conclusion of the study is that national projects are a fairly promising instrument of Russian social policy, which can have a beneficial impact not only on the national and regional economy, but also on the quality of life and well-being of all citizens. At the same time, for this it is necessary to solve a number of problems that currently do not allow us to achieve the established goals in a timely manner.

Key words: national projects, social policy, public policy, social technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.009

D.G. MINTYUK Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONFLICTS IN THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND METHODS FOR THEIR SETTLEMENT

The purpose of the study is to analyze conflicts in the public administration system, as well as mechanisms and methods for resolving them. The research was based on analytical and descriptive methods. As a result, it was revealed that conflicts in the public administration system are caused by different positions of interacting state political institutions and organizations, as well as persons vested with power. Mechanisms for resolving conflicts that arise in the public administration system involve the use of a variety of tools. Based on the study, it was concluded that in order to resolve disagreements and conflicts in this system, it is necessary to resort to legislative and legal mechanisms that will not allow the conflict situation to reach a destructive stage.

Key words: public administration, conflicts, conflict resolution.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.010

A.A. CHUNIKHINA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

O.P. MIKHAILOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Almetyevsk branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI», Almetyevsk, Russia

V.V. TOMIN Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia

A.N. LOSEV Senior Lecturer, Department of Applied Informatics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL SPACE

Introduction: the work analyzes the most focal indicators of the use of digital technologies in the scientific and educational space. The team of authors emphasizes the particular importance of the mass use of digital platform solutions at all levels of the educational system. Solving this problem will contribute to the growth of the quality of knowledge among students, the construction of sustainable scientific and educational communications of an interregional and international nature, the formation of a set of factors for achieving national technological sovereignty, and the expansion of cross-border opportunities for broadcasting and receiving modern educational content. The catalyst for digital transformation processes is to increase the digital literacy of scientific and pedagogical personnel, which forms the basis for the integration of advanced technologies into training modules. The importance of achieving the designated targets requires systemic government participation and sustainable budget financing, as well as activation of the potential of corporate social responsibility, which will expand the coverage of educational institutions with modern technologies.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is to conduct a locally focused analysis of the use of digital technologies in the scientific and educational space. The study set the following objectives:

– highlight key aspects of the relevance of the use of digital technologies in education;

– analyze the focal indicators of transformation of domestic educational institutions at various levels;

– consider the patterns of introducing modern technologies into the organizational mechanisms of educational processes.

Research results: the team of authors summarized the results of locally focused diagnostics of penetration and use of digital tools in the Russian educational space. Analytically substantiated conclusions have been made regarding the existing trends in the digital transformation of educational institutions at various levels. The results obtained can become the basis for further scientific research, as well as act as a targeted information base for specialized government agencies when making management decisions in the focus of correcting the model of digital transformation of the educational space.

Key words: digitalization, education, digital technologies, educational environment, scientific space, digital transformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.011

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO “University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

N.M. KVACH Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Business Analytics Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)» Moscow, Russia

A.L. ZOLKIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Informatics and Computer Science, FSBEI HE «Volga Region State University of Telecommunications and Informatics», Samara, Russia

V.S. LEVKINA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Foreign Economic Relations, Customs Affairs and Customs Law, State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education of the Kursk Region «Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service», Kursk, Russia

N.V. FADEEVA Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Personnel Management of the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Irkutsk State Transport University», Krasnoyarsk, Russia

COMPETITION IN THE MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES UNDER SANCTIONS POLICY

Introduction: The article presents the results of a study of competition in the educational services market. The educational services market, like any other market, has a certain competitive environment. At the same time, the features of the competitive environment in the educational services market are largely determined by the specifics of the product provided on it, namely educational services. In the context of sanctions pressure, it is important to build a high-quality competitive environment in the educational services market, which will create an evolutionary track. From a strategic perspective, the space of the domestic educational services market should generate conditions for the most intensive development of human capital, ensuring the required level of national security. A high-quality educational environment is the fundamental basis for countering hybrid geopolitical threats, and competent management of the competitive space in the field of education is a relevant tool for increasing the efficiency of the use of educational technologies.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to conduct a study of competition in the market of educational services under sanctions. Achieving this goal occurs as a result of solving the following list of tasks:

– justify the relevance of building a high-quality competitive environment in the educational space;

– analyze the structural and dynamic indicators of competition in the educational services market;

– consider the dynamics of the integral indicator of competition in the educational services market from a sectoral perspective.

Research results: the team of authors performed an analytical diagnostic of the competitive environment in the Russian educational services market. On the scale of the work, the calculation of dynamic and structural indicators was carried out, characterizing the features of the functioning of organizations of secondary vocational and higher education. Based on the FAS methodology, calculations were made of key indicators of competition in the educational environment in the context of secondary vocational and higher education, and their results were interpreted taking into account the current situation in the educational market. The generalizations formulated by the team of authors can become an up-to-date information base for relevant government bodies when adjusting the competitive space of the educational environment towards optimal targets.

Key words: education, educational services, competition, market for educational services, Russia, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.012

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO “University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

M.V. TUMASHEVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Economic Relations of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University», Kazan, Russia

E.A. VETROVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Business Analytics Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

T.N. BELOZEROVA Teacher of MBOU secondary school with UIOP named after A.S. Pushkin number 7, Postgraduate student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «State University of Education», Kursk, Russia

ASSESSMENT OF KEY COMPONENTS OF SANCTIONS RISK FOR RUSSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Introduction: the article assesses the key components of the risk of sanctions for Russian higher education and science. The sanctions imposed in the wake of geopolitical pressure had a significant negative impact on the development of the domestic system of higher education and science. The prompt actions of relevant leaders and government bodies were able to prevent the onset of the devastating consequences that lobbyists for the interests of unfriendly countries were counting on. At the same time, the likelihood of further escalation in the scientific and educational space is still present and is actively being replicated as a tool of hybrid warfare. Given the current socio-economic situation, it is important to objectively assess probabilistic risks in order to achieve maximum efficiency in the transformation of the domestic system of higher education and science towards sovereignty and national identity. First of all, it is necessary to mitigate risks in relation to student representatives and young scientists in order to preserve their research potential and interest in the domestic educational space. Expanding the capacity of the educational space and improving the quality of the scientific environment are the most important tools for ensuring national security, which require rapid transformation in the current climate of global instability.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is to assess the key components of the risk of sanctions for Russian higher education and science. Achieving the goal is a consequence of solving the following list of tasks:

– justify the relevance of assessing sanctions risks for the domestic system of higher education and science;

– conduct diagnostics and provide a comprehensive description of the main risks for the system of higher education and science in the context of geopolitical pressure from unfriendly countries;

– perform an integral assessment of the risk of sanctions for the Russian scientific and educational space based on an expert-analytical matrix.

Results: in the article, the team of authors characterized the main risks generated by the sanctions policies of unfriendly countries for the system of higher education and science of the Russian Federation. In addition, the potential negative consequences of the occurrence of risk events are considered, taking into account their destructive impact and the current scientific and educational environment. The result of expert analytical diagnostics was a matrix of key risk components, which made it possible to formulate an integral assessment of it.

Key words: science, higher education, risks, geopolitical instability, sanctions, expert assessment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.013

CAI YAOHAN Master's Degree, Graduate School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanitarian Sphere, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT IN THE CULTURAL SPHERE AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

The article discusses issues related to the peculiarities of management in the cultural sphere at the present stage of development. The purpose of the study is to study the features of management in the cultural sphere at the present stage of development and to develop promising directions for improving the effectiveness of this management. The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The concept of "culture" is defined. The main factors influencing the process of managing the cultural environment and its formation are studied. Statistical indicators of attendance for various cultural institutions are analyzed. Approaches to the definition of management of cultural processes are considered. The role of the state in the management of cultural processes is studied. The main advantages of managing cultural processes are studied, which consist in the possibility of forming values and norms that contribute to the development of society and the strengthening of social unity. They allow organizing and stimulating various cultural events, programs and projects aimed at educating and developing the population. The main negative consequences in the process of management in the cultural environment are studied. Promising directions have been developed to improve the efficiency of management in the cultural environment at the present stage of development.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the features of management in the cultural sphere at the present stage of development and to develop promising directions for improving the effectiveness of this management.

Methods: The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The features of management in the cultural sphere at the present stage of development are studied. Promising directions have been developed to improve the efficiency of this management.

Conclusions: The management of the sphere of culture can be defined as a conscious, planned and purposeful impact on culture as an integral system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of knowledge, values and norms, life patterns in accordance with objective laws and in the interests of society and the individual. The main social institution in the management of cultural processes is the state. The State cultural policy is based on the recognition of the enormous educational and educational potential of culture and the need to maximize its use in the process of personality formation. Accordingly, the state has its own mechanisms, principles, goals, laws, which it adheres to and implements.

Key words: management, cultural sphere, modernity, stage, development, features.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.014

O.V. GONCHAROVA Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Culture and Biomedical Disciplines FSBEI HE «Armavir State Pedagogical University», Armavir, Russia

A.M. GATINA Senior lecturer of the department of general humanitarian disciplines of the Neftekamsk branch Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ufa University of Science and Technology», Neftekamsk, Russia

A.V. CHISTYAKOVA Researcher, Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia», Vladimir, Russia

T.A. EVSTRATOVA Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, associate professor of the department modern state and municipal management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS TOURISM

Introduction: the article identifies the key factors in the regional development of sports tourism under the existing socio-economic situation and the mechanism of government influence on tourism and recreational potential. The development of sports tourism is an important direction for intensifying processes in tourism activities and improving the health of the nation. In this regard, it is important to use existing natural resources, expanding their capabilities with anthropogenic infrastructure, to intensify processes in the sports tourism system. The essential component of the positive impact of sports tourism is to increase the investment attractiveness of the tourist and recreational potential of the region as a whole, to create new elements, to cultivate and improve the natural objects of the tourist and recreational complex, to form a sustainable information field that ensures the targeted use of tourist and recreational locations. The development of sports tourism creates the conditions and prerequisites for the intensification of tourism processes in the region, which in turn act as the basis for the expansion and rational consumption of the tourism and recreational potential.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is focused on specifying the factors of regional development of sports tourism. The objectives of the study are as follows:

– highlight the key points of the relevance of the development of sports tourism to expand the tourist and recreational potential of the territory;

– reveal the meaningful mechanism of influence of basic factors on the intensification of processes in the field of sports tourism;

– present the results of a PEST analysis of the state and development of sports tourism in the Kursk region.

Research results: in the work, the team of authors focused on the main factors in the development of sports tourism in the region, taking into account the characteristics of the existing socio-economic situation, which are presented in the context of technological, investment-economic, political, geolocation, natural-climatic and population aspects. The results of the study clarify the information base for highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the development of sports tourism in order to substantiate probabilistic threats and potential opportunities, and can also be used to find the most effective tools for building a progressive track by specialized regional structures.

Key words: sports tourism, tourist and recreational resources, tourism potential, investment climate, regional development, Kursk region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.015

QIN ZIYI Master, Graduate School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT IN THE XXI CENTURY: THEORY, METHODOLOGY, PRACTICE

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the study of management theories, methodologies and practices in a general sense provide a scientific basis for the analysis and understanding of public and municipal management. The object of research is management as a complex category of impact on an element of the social system. The subject of the study is state and municipal management as elements and levels of the management hierarchy. The study revealed that while the classical school of management and the scientific school of management emphasize efficiency and hierarchy, behavioral theory, systems theory and management theory shift the focus to human behavior, system complexity and social cooperation. The main aspect of modern management systems is the emphasis on the object of management of public values, which expands the scope of management activities, focusing on the results focused on citizens and various vulnerable social strata in society.

Key words: network management, information exchange, joint management, society, digital environment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.016

A.V. BOTOV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC POLICY IN THE SOCIAL FIELD PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION: PROBLEMS IMPLEMENTATIONS AND PROSPECTS

Goal: to analyze the problems of implementation and prospects for public policy in the field of social protection. Methods: analysis, deduction, specification. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the main problems of public policy in the field of social protection are the insufficiently effectively organized structure of social protection and its bodies, poor awareness of the population about the programs implemented by social protection bodies, they cannot receive reliable and timely information on how the work is progressing in relation to submitted applications, how the list of services provided can be expanded, what additional services can be obtained. The conclusion of the study was to identify some prospects for public policy in the field of social protection. In particular, this is the formation of a social protection system that will be characterized by focus and versatility. It is also necessary to continue working on improving the legal framework and targeted implementation of social guarantees in the most important areas of the population’s life. It is necessary to create an effective system of informing the population about social protection measures, about the progress of work on the submitted application, where the information will be presented in an accessible, correct and reliable manner.

Key words: public policy, social protection, social policy, problems of social protection, improvement of social policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.017

V.A. DANILOV Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International relations of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

E.V. DANILOVA Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

CENTRAL ASIA: THE INTERSECTION OF INTERESTS OF RUSSIA, THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CHANGE OF EPOCHS (PART 1)

The collapse of the Soviet Union was a shock for the world's leading players, who did not expect such a rapid fall of a once mighty rival. At the same time, the key capitals of the world predicted great geopolitical opportunities that opened up to them in the sphere of international influence in many regions.

The purpose of the article is to show the intersection of the interests of the world's leading actors forming the modern political picture of the world in Central Asia. The task is to consider the processes related to the policy pursued by the United States and China to finally oust Russia from the Central Asian region and consolidate to realize their geopolitical and economic aspirations.

The results of the study: the US withdrawal from Afghanistan created favorable prerequisites for the promotion of Chinese influence in the region; the state interests of the Central Asian republics are practically not considered due to the lack of national strategies for development and prosperity there.

Conclusions: The United States and China use the economic and political weakness of the Central Asian states, the corruption of elites and the raw orientation of local economies to assert their dominance. The goal is to consistently squeeze out the remnants of Russian influence and prevent the strengthening of the positions of third countries.

Key words: post-Soviet space, Russia, USA, China, Central Asia, confrontation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.018

R.M. KURNOVSKII PhD student of the Department of International Economic Relations, Faculty of Economics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

INVESTOR AND EMPLOYEE SENTIMENT CHANGES IN ISRAEL'S IT INDUSTRY IN LIGHT OF THE IMPLEMENTED JUDICIAL REFORM

The judicial reform in Israel may have both positive and negative implications for the country's IT industry. On the one hand, increasing the efficiency and transparency of the judicial system may provide a more favorable environment for businesses, potentially leading to new investments and talent attraction. On the other hand, the complexities and extended duration of legal proceedings might decrease investment activity and increase business costs.

Key words: Judicial reform, IT industry, Israel, efficiency, transparency, investments, talent.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.019

GAO DAI Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF CHINESE MEDIA IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN POLICY

The whole world is still facing many serious problems, such as global climate change, poverty and hunger, ethnocultural conflicts, etc., which require the most effective ways to solve them. The media, being one of the tools of international dialogue, play a key role in solving many global problems. The current stage in the development of the media has its own characteristics; the study of development prospects is of scientific interest, especially from the point of view of the impact on the sphere of international relations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the article is the first to present a multilateral analysis of the influence of the media on Chinese diplomacy after the epidemic. The theoretical and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the research results can be used in the study of the media as one of the mechanisms for solving international problems, as well as directly in practical diplomatic work. In this article, the author seeks to determine the main functions of the media in the implementation of Chinese foreign policy.

Key words: media, international relations, globalization, instrument, foreign policy, international public opinion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.020

GOU CHANGCHAO Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE OF THE RIC IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

In modern political conditions, scientific interest in the troika of states – China, Russia, India – is increasing, the totality of whose political efforts can be a political force not only at the regional level, but also globally influence. The idea of creating a RIC coalition, first put forward by Yevgeny Primakov many years ago, met with restraint in New Delhi and Beijing, is now experiencing a new stage in its development. The political situation has changed, the world order is being transformed.

Scientific interest in the positions of the three states on the main issues of world development, on topical issues of world politics is only expanding, taking into account the claims of Russia, India and China to geopolitical leadership. Many authors emphasize the geopolitical competitiveness of the relations between the two Asian giants. Studies on the interaction of the three countries will answer the question of rivalry and the possibility of flexible cooperation.

Key words: RIC – Russia, India, China, international relations, conceptual approach, world order, world politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.021

I.A. KISHUEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL-COMMUNICATIVE METHODS OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY

Digital diplomacy, or the implementation of digital technologies and social media in diplomatic activity, has become an integral part of modern international interaction. Digital diplomacy allows states to effectively interact with international partners, disseminate information about their positions and achievements, and enhance their public image.

As a tool of modern political communication, digital diplomacy adopts and transforms traditional rules of information interaction, allowing political actors to optimize channels for disseminating ideas and values. On the other hand, political communication also influences digital diplomacy. Effective political communication, based on a broad theoretical and methodological foundation of information impact mechanisms on the audience, allows politicians to more accurately define goals and implement strategies in the digital environment. Additionally, methods of political communication aimed at creating favorable conditions for networking adapted to various cultural, linguistic, and political contexts ensure the rational use of resources in digital communication channels for disseminating information and propaganda materials and achieving diplomatic goals. This is particularly important in the context of soft power, where communication and establishing contacts play a key role in shaping a positive image and increasing international support and confidence in state policy.

The article represents a retrospective review of the main theoretical approaches and methods of political communication in the Western tradition used in modern digital diplomacy. This analysis provides an understanding of the emergence and development of important mechanisms of digital diplomacy as a tool for political communication.

Key words: Digital diplomacy, Social media, Political communication, Soft power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.022

ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE Candidate of political sciences Assistant, department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences, RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Cotonou, Benin

BENIN-CHINESE RELATIONS: BENEFITABLE COOPERATION FOR BOTH COUNTRIES?

This article is devoted to bilateral cooperation between the Republic of Benin and the People's Republic of China. It begins with the historical factors of cooperation and ends with the political-economic relations between the two countries. Special attention is paid to the state official visit of the President of the Republic of Benin, Patrice Talon, at the end of August 2023 and the 13 agreements that were signed by both parties during this visit.

Key words: Republic of Benin, People's Republic of China, diplomacy, bilateral relations, agreements, beneficial cooperation, official visit, Patrice Talon, Xi Jinping, state, Africa.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.023

P.D. SIBIRKIN Postgraduate student of the Department of International Security Russian State Humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPORTANCE OF AFGHANISTAN FOR THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN SINCE 2016

Uzbekistan is the only country that borders all the states of Central Asia. For this reason, it is interested in creating a security belt at its borders and establishing friendly and good-neighborly relations with other States. And Afghanistan occupies an important position in its strategy. The main priority for Uzbekistan is to achieve national reconciliation in Afghanistan and a clear vision of constructive relations between the two countries.

During the reforms of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in 2016, a foreign policy concept was formed in relation to Afghanistan, where the country is considered not as a source of threats and instability, but as a strategic partner with whom it is necessary to establish trade and economic relations. Uzbekistan is more interested in the stability of Afghanistan than anyone else, as it is an integral part of many cross-border economic projects. Therefore, the Government of Uzbekistan pursued a flexible policy both before the Taliban came to power in 2021 and after.

The aim is to show the areas of development of relations between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, to determine their role in increasing stability in the region, to trace the logic and transformation of these relations. And also highlight Uzbekistan's experience in building relations with South Asia, as an example to other Central Asian states.

Statistical data characterizing trade and economic relations between the two countries, as well as statements of officials of the Republic of Uzbekistan on these issues, were used as sources.

Key words: Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, foreign policy, economy, security, Central Asia, South Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.024

S.Sh. PASHAEV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

NEW COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS

The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of new cognitive technologies in various areas of international politics and the diplomatic process. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization. As a result of the study, data was obtained on the use of cognitive technologies and artificial intelligence in international politics, digital diplomacy, as well as the impact that these technologies have on socio-political processes. Based on the results, it was concluded that global governance during the heyday of cognitive technologies is a process of studying and groping for a path still unknown to humanity, which necessitates a careful and thorough assessment of the results of using these technologies in international politics.

Key words: international politics, cognitive technologies, political technologies, artificial intelligence, digital diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.025

SONG YIFAN Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

NEW BRICS+ FORMAT

The relevance of the topic of our research is due to the complication of the modern system of international relations and the currently very low possibility of global management of ongoing processes. Therefore, the study in this context of relations between states in the BRICS + format is of particular interest; the core of which is the relationship between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The PRC is the most populous state in the world, a nuclear power, a permanent member of the UN Security Council, the only member of BRICS with which Russia is united by a common border, the longest in the world, a centuries-old history of relations, coincidence or similarity of positions on all key issues of world politics and economics.

Key words: BRICS, global system, international relationships, political leadership, SCO, Eurasian integration, international organization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.026

A.M. PESOCHIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Social Processes and Youth Work, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE PLACE OF RUSSIA AND BRICS IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICAN

The article discusses the evolution of the foreign policy strategy of the Republic of South Africa in terms of assessing the importance of cooperation with the Russian Federation at various levels and in multiple formats, both within the framework of bilateral meetings and at multilateral platforms, of which the BRICS summits are the key ones. The analysis of the texts of conceptual documents and official reference materials of South Africa, by comparing the observed changes in the political discourse regarding the development of South African-Russian relations with the most important national, regional, and world processes and events, made it possible to identify constructive and destructive determinants that affect the nature of interstate relations between the South African Republic and the Russian Federation. In particular, the study identified internal and external factors that either increase the interest of the ruling structures of South Africa in increasing the intensity of interstate interaction with the Russian authorities, or, on the contrary, enhance competitive principles in South African-Russian relations.

Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of South Africa, BRICS, IBSA, Southern African Development Community, foreign policy, national interests.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.027

P.M. TSARITSYNA Graduate student, Political Sociology and Psychology Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL SCIENCE STUDIES OF ELITES IN FRANCE

In this article, the subject of research is the main political science approaches to the study of power elites adopted in French political science. The purpose of this study is to typologize scientific approaches to the study of the ruling minority in France through comparative analysis. At the beginning, a historical retrospective is given, the dynamics of research on the topic of political elites in France is traced. Next, the author examines the most significant concepts of French researchers in the field of elitology of the XX-XXI centuries, who give their assessment of the qualities of French elites, reveal the mechanisms of their evolution, recruitment, renewal, ways of managing society and exercising power. As a result, the author, firstly, managed to identify two main directions in the study of power groups in French political science, which is subordinated to the positivist tradition and focused on sociological approaches; secondly, he managed to reflect some aspects of the specifics of the French political elite.

Key words: ruling elites, elitism, political science, stratification, political hierarchy, officialdom, French socio-political model, political and administrative elite, bio-power, habitus, cultural capital, symbolic violence, power groups, reproduction of elites, transformation of elites, social mobility, subjectivity, France.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-2.10-2.028

XUDONGYUE Master, faculty of global processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SINO-RUSSIAN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: А NEW MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT

This article analyzes the experience of China and Russia in developing and improving diplomatic relations. Having reviewed the stages of formation of diplomatic relations between Russia and China in the Soviet era and having described the diplomatic strategies of rapprochement between the two countries after the Soviet Union collapse, the author of the article focuses on the modern model of Sino-Russian diplomacy, manifested not only in thе regular summit meetings between the leaders of both states, but in the negotiating of treaties and agreements on politics, economy, education, culture, security and defense, etc., which have an impact on both foreign and domestic policies of China and Russia. The author of the article concludes that nowadays China and Russia have a golden period of partnership and cooperation. It became possible due to the diplomatic strategies of the leadership of both countries.

Key words: Sino-Russian diplomatic relations, partnership, cooperation, agreement, China, Russia.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 2 (102), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Furman T.G. Controversial Situations of Postmodernity in Politics and Law

Rebrikov D.D. De-Democratisation of the Political System: Content and Factors of Occurrence

Gayeva A.V. Using the Methodology of Discourse Analysis in the Study of Elitist Theories

Pcelovodov N.A. Studies of the Genesis of Political Theology as a Specific Concept

POLITICAL HISTORY

Logvinov D.V. The Life and Work of L. Mechelin (1839-1914) in the Light of the History of Finnish Russophobia

Khvastov A.N. Formation of a New Political Consciousness in the Course of Cultural and Mass Work with German Prisoners of War in the Period from 1941 to 1953

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Abdurakhmonov S. Democracy: Transformation or Harmony?

Klimenko A.V. Image of the Future: Concept, Structure, Functions

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Avazov K.H. The Place and Role of State Authority in Ensuring threat Resistance of the State and Society

Titov V.V. The Formation of National-State Identity in Modern Russia: the Role of the Regional Factor

Karatueva E.N. The "Green" Parties: Development Paths and Political Prospects

Pescherov Yu.G. Features of Political Institutions Depending on the Region

Gorbunov N.S. The Issue of Strategic Communication Definition in Political Sphere

Dzgoeva D.T., Kukartsev S.M. Distant Electronic Voting as a New Mechanism of Interaction Between the State and Society: Opportunities and Challenges

Lukina Yu.V. Stages of Applying the Overton Window in Cognitive Warfare to Change Consciousness Using Cannabis Legalization and Gender Policy as Examples

Likhomanov K.V., Tkesheliadze A.B. Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Crisis Prevention of Electoral Systems

Chelnokova M.L. Countering Non-Systemic Opposition on Social Networks

Chertoroev D.A. Interaction of Executive Authorities with Society Via the Internet: Comparison of Democratic and Non-Democratic Political Regimes

Zhang Yifei. Influence of Confucian Ethics on the Formation of a Model of Political Governance in Modern China

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Leon U.A., Merkulova L.P. Local Agricultural Policy in N'djamena in Chad: Socio-Economic Challenges and Perspectives

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Alaudinov A.A., Manoilo A.V. Cognitive and Mental Components of Modern Hybrid Warfare

Nikolaev N.P. Political Influence of International Environmental Institutions on Legislative Activities in Russia: Axiological Aspect

Saushkina M.S. Falsifiation of History as an Instrument of Symbolic Politics: the Evolution of Politication of History in Post-Communist States of Eastern Europe

Avakyan D.A. Utopias and Reality: English and French Experience

Bayramly N.S., Guseinova D.M. Public Diplomacy and its Role in Russian-Azerbaijan Relations

Argvliani K.R. The Society 5.0 Formation Policy in Cities of Developed and Developing Countries

Boldyreva E.L., Stam Finn Benjamin, Nelga A.A. The Netherlands and its Polder Model

Wang Feixiang. Public Diplomacy of China in the Modern World: Problems and Development Prospects

Golikov B.I. Implementation of Russian-Chinese Projects within the Framework of “One Belt – One Road”

Danilova E.A. The Logic of Governance Decision-Making by Representatives of the Chinese Political and Business Elite Through the Prism of the Philosophy of the Chinese Strategic Game of Go (Part I)

Knyshova A.Yu. The Role of Asan Kaigy in the Formation of the National Discourse of the Kazakh Khanate

Koduah Emmanuel. Problems and Trends of Voting in the General Elections in Ghana

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japanese Nationalism as the Main Unificating and Protective Force of the Nation in the New World Order of the XXI Century (Part II)

Miloevich L. NATO Expansion, Russia's Response and European Security Architecture

Tamundele Jean-Baptiste Ngey. African Union

Xing Haotian. China's Digital Diplomacy: Features and Prospects of Development

Spasov A.A. Technologies of Destabilization of the State of the Opposition Bloc «Serbia Against Violence»

Xue Jiaxin. Cooperation and Prospects of China and the Middle East Countries within the Framework of “One Belt and One Road”

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. On the Issue of Modern Political Parties

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.001

T.G. FURMAN Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CONTROVERSIAL SITUATIONS OF POSTMODERNITY IN POLITICS AND LAW

The undertaken research made it possible to formulate a method for the genealogy of postmodern discourse, demonstrate its application on specific philosophical and cultural material, and also use it to streamline current academic legal and political discussions.

The approach, rationalism, was based on the intention to return religious discourse to the public and scientific space in the new status of a subject of sociology and law, which protected it from direct persecution by positivism, but deprived it of political subjectivity.

It has been proven that in the 20th century, under the influence of postmodernism and certain trends in political theology (general skepticism regarding the modern foundations of Western thought), many areas of criticism of “legal theories” emerged.

The hypothesis was confirmed that postmodern discourse has two states – theological and political, which determine its different type of action in the “center” (in Western Christian culture) and on the “periphery” (in Orthodox, as well as any non-Christian culture).

In the “center,” discourse operates at a deep level of the core of culture, in theology and religious worldview, and then its action extends to the external, socio-political sphere. Discourse immediately comes to the “periphery” as an external, political force that can lead to large-scale and painful social consequences.

Key words: postmodern, discourse, dispute, politics, law, religion, study, situation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.002

D.D. REBRIKOV Graduate student, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia

DE-DEMOCRATISATION OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM: CONTENT AND FACTORS OF OCCURRENCE

In modern realities, the process of de-democratization is an integral element of the development of any democratic political system. Almost all countries of the world have gone through the stage of one-man despotic rule and some of them have managed to overcome its legacy by carrying out a democratic transit. However, despite the transformation of the authoritarian institutional system, some vestiges of the past in democracies persist and sometimes even function. In a crisis of democracy, there is a high probability of the revival of authoritarian practices. Therefore, very often the growing social, economic, national and other problems, in the context of the dysfunctionality of the existing management system, lead to the launch of the process of de-democratization. The question of the causes, the starting point, and the types of de-democratization is still debatable. The presented article attempts to determine the content of this process, as well as to identify its main prerequisites and drivers. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of existing theoretical approaches to the process of the collapse of democracy. This article examines in detail the main approaches to the study of the process of de-democratization, the basic theoretical models of this political phenomenon, as well as the evolution of the theory of authoritarian regimes. The presented research is based on an extensive theoretical base, as well as statistical data from the world's leading research centers engaged in measuring political regimes. As a result of the research, the author's interpretation of the concept of de-democratization was proposed and the main causes of this phenomenon were identified.

Key words: de-democratization, the collapse of democracy, democratic rollback, democracy, autocracy, political regime.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.003

A.V. GAYEVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Sciences of the RGPPU Branch in Nizhny Tagil, Nizhny Tagil, Russia

USING THE METHODOLOGY OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF ELITIST THEORIES

The article discusses the main provisions of the elitist theories. These theoretical positions are defined through the prism of discourse analysis. This technique allows us to determine the performance indicators of the political elite in modern political activity. This topic is considered in the practical educational activities of students of higher education.

Key words: political elite, the effectiveness of the political elite, discourse analysis, approaches to the study of the effectiveness of the political elite.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.004

N.A. PCELOVODOV Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

STUDIES OF THE GENESIS OF POLITICAL THEOLOGY AS A SPECIFIC CONCEPT

Modern political science, when updating the definition of “political theology,” integrates it with the process that characterizes the secularization of the social world. Changes associated with the sacralization and theologization of politics form a secular type of religiosity, replacing traditional religion in society and create transcendence, which materializes in the current forms of power. Theoretical and methodological studies interpret political theology as a reflection of the concept of power in society, the conditional structures of which, being responsible for the agreed social order, are deformed and experience a period of legitimacy.

This study attempts to trace the genesis of political theology as a specific concept covering the period of the beginning of Greco-Roman antiquity, through the interpretation of the main aspects that reveal its meaning, as well as the development of political theology as a separate discipline of modern times.

The result of a semantic analysis of this issue states the fact that the main socio-political postulates of a secular society are interconnected with theological and political issues and have many different currents and approaches, including liberal political theology, critical political theology, feminist political theology, etc.

It has been determined that the genesis of political theology as a specific concept is associated with the evolution of political and religious ideas, as well as the research of philosophers and political theorists who paid attention to the interaction between these spheres.

Key words: political theology, politics, theology, secularization, Christianity, eschatology, the state.

POLITICAL HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.005

D.V. LOGVINOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Social and Political Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE LIFE AND WORK OF L. MECHELIN (1839-1914) IN THE LIGHT OF THE HISTORY OF FINNISH RUSSOPHOBIA

Modern world politics is going through a difficult stage. International relations are full of contradictions, modern countries are in a state of confrontation. One of the brightest fault lines today is the opposition between the collective West and Russia, accompanied by a surge of Russophobia. That is why it is so important for Russian researchers to study the problematics of Russophobia with its origins and content. This article, pursuing this goal, is an attempt to study the life and activities of the fighter for the independence of the Grand Duchy of Finland – Leopold (Leo) Heinrich Stanislav Mechelin (1839-1914). With the help of methods of historical-bibliographical and political-textual analysis his role in the Finnish question of the end of XIX – beginning of XX century, as well as his position in the relations between Finland and Russia, are considered. The study identifies features of Russophobic rhetoric, such as the desire to relate to Western culture while refusing to recognize Russian influence, as well as the manipulation of facts and the creation of a new truth and a new reality.

Key words: Leo Mechelin, independence, law, Finnish question, Finnish Russophobia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.006

A.N. KHVASTOV Adjunct of the Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF A NEW POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE COURSE OF CULTURAL AND MASS WORK WITH GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN THE PERIOD FROM 1941 TO 1953

The article presents the results of the analysis of literature and archival documents on the problem of the organisation and conduct of cultural and mass work with German prisoners of war during the Great Patriotic War, as well as in the post-war period. The article provides historical information about the goals, forms, methods and methodological techniques of cultural and mass work with German prisoners of war staying in camps on the territory of the USSR.

Key words: political work, cultural work, Great Patriotic War, German prisoners of war.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.007

S. ABDURAKHMONOV Researcher, Institute for Study of Youth Issues and Training Prospective Personnel, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

DEMOCRACY: TRANSFORMATION OR HARMONY?

The author analyzes democracy as a development model theoretically with particular emphasis on ongoing political transformation in advanced democracies. Hailing from global experiences in democratization, the author claims that democratization is neither global nor national, but it is a process embodying somewhat amalgamation of both of them. Societies undergoing democratization, are adopting democratic institutions by transforming them as a state-crafting model, on the one hand, at the same time, rejecting some values that are brought by democracy in the cultural/value aspect, on the other hand. Structural transformations in advanced democracies show that democracy is not a complete model of development and still needs corrections in worldwide application.

Key words: democratization, development, transformation, democracy, universal values, national values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.008

A.V. KLIMENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Russia, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

IMAGE OF THE FUTURE: CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS

The purpose of this study is to review the main scientific approaches to the concept of “image of the future” in psychological, pedagogical, political science and other contexts. The article examines the typology of images of the future, its structure and functions. A classification of the main elements of images of the future, as well as criteria for their gradation, is proposed. Much attention is paid to the mechanisms of forming images of the future.

Key words: future, image of the future, futurology, research of the future, construction of the image of the future.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.009

K.H. AVAZOV Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Political Science, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

THE PLACE AND ROLE OF STATE AUTHORITY IN ENSURING THREAT RESISTANCE OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the degree of development of the place and role of public authorities in modern conditions and its becoming one of the key factors in ensuring the national security of the state and society. It was found that political stability as a complex, internally structured phenomenon is studied mainly in terms of the scale and spheres of society; by objects and subjects of support; on the pace and resources of support; on the nature of socio-political management of this state and the means of achieving it, etc.

Key words: political stability, stabilization, stability, socio-political stability, system, political system, societies, states.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.010

V.V. TITOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL-STATE IDENTITY IN MODERN RUSSIA: THE ROLE OF THE REGIONAL FACTOR

The article is dedicated to the models of interaction between the federal center and the regions in the process of formation of the Russian national-state identity in the 1990th – beginning of 2020th. There are analyzed main models of center-regional identification interaction: competitive (conflict), memorial-autonomic and complementary. The first – competitive model – was formed in the period of the «weak federation» in the 1990th. The second, the memorial-autonomic model, gradually took shape in 2000-2010th. It was conditioned by the strengthening of the «vertical of power» and the attempts of the state to develop a conventional strategy of identity politics. The systemic political challenges that Russia faced in the beginning of 2020th require a gradual transition to a new, complementary model in which regional identification constructs are organically integrated into a multidimensional field of All-Russian identity.

Key words: national-state identity, federal center, Russian regions, regional identity, models of identification interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.011

E.N. KARATUEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE "GREEN" PARTIES: DEVELOPMENT PATHS AND POLITICAL PROSPECTS

Modern "green" parties focus not only on environmental issues, but also advocate for improving the social security system and improving the quality of life. In line with the main directions of their activities, they focus on issues of reducing emissions of harmful substances, using various types of alternative energy and environmentally friendly production to ensure sustainable development.

The article is devoted to the study of the position of "green" parties in the global political system, the causes of their emergence, key issues of activity and prospects for development and influence on public space.

Key words: "greens", environmental organizations, environmentalism, elections.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.012

YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS DEPENDING ON THE REGION

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the features of political institutions in various regions of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet period. The authors examine the dynamics of power distribution between the central and regional authorities after the events of August 1991, which led to the formation of the modern Russian Federation with a federal structure. The main attention is paid to the evolution of political systems at the level of federation subjects, including the strengthening of regional elites and municipal structures, as well as changes in the economic functions of regions and their financial dependence on the federal center. The influence of regional political regimes on the development of local self-government and the consolidation of the political elite is analyzed. Trends in the decrease of transparency in management processes and problems arising from the centralization of power and finances are identified.

Key words: Russian Federation, political institutions, regional authority, municipal management, federalism, regional elites, local self-government, centralization of power, federal-regional relations, economic development of regions, political system, management transparency, financial dependence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.013

N.S. GORBUNOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov; master's degree in "International Relations" Faculty of World Politics Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE ISSUE OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION DEFINITION IN POLITICAL SPHERE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main approaches to defining the term “strategic communication”, presented by foreign and domestic phenomenon researchers and to identify the general characteristics of the concept. The work also reflected the history of the term origin and its development in the political and military discourse of the United States. During the preparation of this article, various general scientific methods were used; the work is descriptive and theoretical in nature.

Key words: strategic communication, state communication policy, political communications.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.014

D.T. DZGOEVA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

S.M. KUKARTSEV Student of North-West Institute of Management of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

DISTANT ELECTRONIC VOTING AS A NEW MECHANISM OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND SOCIETY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

This article analyzes the specifics and problems of using remote electronic voting technology in Russia. The legal and regulatory framework has been determined and the experience of application in elections at various levels from 2019 to the present is shown. As a result of the study, the authors propose possible options for overcoming and minimizing the risks of using the technology under study in the electoral process in the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the study is justified by the digital transformation of the main existing mechanisms of interaction between the state and society, one of which is, undoubtedly, the electoral process and the need to consider it through the prism of remote electronic voting technology.

The results of the study consist, firstly, in a detailed description of the regulatory framework for remote electronic voting, secondly, in the established chronology of the use of technology in Russian elections from 2019 to 2023 inclusive and, thirdly, in an analysis of the possibilities and risks of remote electronic voting ahead of the Russian presidential elections in 2024.

Key words: mechanism of interaction between the government and society, distant electronic voting, electoral process, society, government.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.015

YU.V. LUKINA Senior lecturer, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

STAGES OF APPLYING THE OVERTON WINDOW IN COGNITIVE WARFARE TO CHANGE CONSCIOUSNESS USING CANNABIS LEGALIZATION AND GENDER POLICY AS EXAMPLES

Transformation of world values, changes in international relations, non-military methods of struggle are beginning to play a greater role, amidst modern world uncertainty, nevertheless, posing no less threat to the sovereignty of the country than armed struggle. Such new wars are cognitive, cyber-wars of a new generation. They are represented by information-driven and psychological operations, cyber-attacks, economic sanctions, political and diplomatic pressure, and the use of online social platforms mostly used by young and middle-aged people is becoming increasingly popular. The legalization of marijuana in the USA, Canada, Tailand and other countries, shifting the Overton frame, has led to a change in people's consciousness. Due to manipulation, lobbying of political interests, regulators have expanded the zone of application, affecting the future of the world's population. Accelerating technological processes have been contributing to the proliferation of social media outreach to the masses, where digitalization is constantly being applied by ordinary users, thus accelerating the change of consciousness of the society. Politicians often apply the Overton window to alter the psychology of respondents. This process is made possible by pressurizing consciousness. Regulators or cultural figures make speeches, press releases appear in the press, social platforms unite into communities, the fashion industry begins to invent new forms to express individuality or belonging to a particular group, and brainwashing is in full swing. To counteract such policies, the state must raise the intellectual level of its citizens and evolve critical thinking.

Key words: consciousness, manipulation, legalization, cannabis, marijuana, Overton window, cognitive warfare, politics, gender politics, media.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.016

K.V. LIKHOMANOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

A.B. TKESHELIADZE Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF CRISIS PREVENTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS

The article attempts to comprehend modern threats that are potentially capable of provoking a crisis in the functioning of electoral systems. Among these, the authors highlight foreign interference in elections, radicalization of public discourse, fragmentation of political consciousness and chaotic electoral behavior of citizens, as well as exacerbation of chronic socio-economic problems in the context of global confrontation and permanent turbulence. As a response to these challenges, it is proposed to take a set of organizational, informational and political-legal measures that can strengthen the domestic institution of elections. Despite the plans being developed by a number of unfriendly countries to delegitimize the results of the presidential elections of the Russian Federation, at the moment there are no fundamental grounds for any electoral crises.

Key words: electoral system, political crisis, legitimization, elections, political stability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.017

M.L. CHELNOKOVA Educational psychologist at the Lyceum of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

COUNTERING NON-SYSTEMIC OPPOSITION ON SOCIAL NETWORKS

The space of social networks at the present stage has transformed from a virtual platform for the exchange of information on various topics between users into an impressive political force capable of destabilizing the social structure of the state. To a large extent, the activity of non-systemic opposition contributed to the transformation of social networks into an effective tool of political confrontation. This article is devoted to the study of counteraction to non-systemic opposition in social networks. The author, based on an analysis and generalization of the scientific approaches of domestic researchers, defines the concept of “non-systemic opposition”, examines the technologies and forms of political protest it uses, and also determines the main methods of combating the implementation of the latest active political forces.

Key words: non-systemic opposition, social networks, virtual space, digital technologies, political struggle, protest activity, political elite, government, power, elections.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.018

D.A. CHERTOROEV Postgraduate courses of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia

INTERACTION OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES WITH SOCIETY VIA THE INTERNET: COMPARISON OF DEMOCRATIC AND NON-DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL REGIMES

The problem of interaction between the state and society through the Internet stems from the process of active dissemination of Internet technologies among the public of technologically developed countries. The relevance of this issue, at the moment, is inherent in all States in which the Internet is widespread and used. The use by the state of tools for interaction with society based on the Internet makes it possible to increase the efficiency of state bodies, accelerate the processes of interaction with citizens, information processing processes and, equally importantly, improve the image of the government broadcast by the state. State bodies, when interacting with the public, should exercise caution and consistency in public actions in the virtual space of the Internet due to the peculiarities of information dissemination and control over it. The Internet provides a wide range of tools compared to traditional sources of information such as paper products, radio and television. Within the framework of the presented work, a comparative analysis of the information interaction between the state and society in the context of different political regimes in the formation of the public image of the executive authorities of the state is carried out. In conclusion, the analysis makes it logical to conclude that when interacting with the executive authorities of the state and society in terms of comparing political regimes, there is a noticeable tendency indicating that the same, initially politically neutral, tools that the Internet provides for use are used by states in various ways, depending on the prevailing political regime, this allows you to achieve the same goals using different methods of work.

Key words: state, society, interaction, network, Internet, image, image, bodies, executive, power, tools, communication, analysis, comparative, regime, political, democracy, totalitarianism, methods.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.019

ZHANG YIFEI Postgraduate student, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF CONFUCIAN ETHICS ON THE FORMATION OF A MODEL OF POLITICAL GOVERNANCE IN MODERN CHINA

This study investigates the influence of Confucian ethics on the formation of the political governance model in contemporary China within the field of political science. The primary objective is to scrutinize the impact of Confucian values on China's current political landscape.

The research employs a methodology encompassing theoretical literature analysis, research methodology articulation, and results discussion. Through this approach, the study aims to unravel the intricate layers of Confucian influence on China's political administration. Key aspects of Confucian ethics are identified as integral components of modern political governance, influencing decision-making processes, policy formulation, and the structural framework of political institutions.

The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the relationship between ancient ethical frameworks and contemporary political realities. By elucidating the fundamental principles derived from Confucianism that persist in modern Chinese political governance, the study provides valuable insights into the cultural and philosophical underpinnings shaping the nation's political trajectory.

In conclusion, this research underscores the pivotal role and significance of Confucian ethics in shaping and molding the political practices of contemporary China. Acknowledging and comprehending the enduring influence of Confucian values becomes imperative for a holistic understanding of the political landscape in China. This exploration serves as a testament to the dynamic nature of political ideologies in one of the world's most influential nations.

Key words: confucian ethics, political governance, contemporary China, ethical principles, decision-making, policy formulation, cultural influences, political institutions, political ideologies.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.020

U.A. LEON Postgraduate student of political science and regional studies, Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Queen, Samara, Russia

L.P. MERKULOVA Professor, head of the department of foreign languages of Samara University, Samara, Russia

LOCAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN N'DJAMENA IN CHAD: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

Community agriculture is a form of agricultural practice that promotes geographic proximity between producers and consumers, promotes area development, and develops local capacity. Carried out in common areas or gardens, individually or collectively. Such economic activity is problematic because it carries with it a fundamental antagonism: agriculture as a rural function is not suitable for urban space. Since agriculture is practiced in the city, and especially in a capital such as N'Djamena, there is every reason to doubt its ability to remain within an a priori unsuitable urban spatial framework. Using observations, field images and a socio-demographic survey conducted among 116 producers encountered in work sites out of almost 600 identified, local agriculture in the city of N'Djamena is spatially defined before its actors and consequences are analyzed. In addition to identifying the importance and role that this agricultural practice plays in the city through its socio-economic challenges and its multiple functions, we have reached the result that it can be a means for medium-sized African cities to strengthen food security, security in the context climate change. Finally, this study lifts the curtain on activities that deserve special attention when formulating urban development policies.

Key words: local agriculture, urban, food security, N'Djamena, Chad.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.021

A.A. ALAUDINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, commander of the AKHMAT special forces ‒ deputy commander of the 2nd Army Corps of the 8th Army, Southern Military District, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A.V. MANOILO Doctor of Political Sciences, Leading Researcher, Department of Europe and Americ, INION RAS; Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia

COGNITIVE AND MENTAL COMPONENTS OF MODERN HYBRID WARFARE

In modern hybrid wars, particular importance is attached to the mental dimension – influencing the enemy’s thinking. Unlike the concept of “cognitive war”, which is actively developed in the West, “mental war” is a purely Russian invention that arose as an alternative to the Western “cognitive” approach. Mental warfare is aimed at destroying the enemy’s worldview and civilizational foundations. The task of mental war, like any other, is to deprive the object of influence of sovereignty and put it under external control. According to the author of the concept, mental war is an aggressive complex impact that is aimed not only at the information field, but also at education and upbringing. In general, this concept is quite close to the concept of “cognitive wars”. At the same time, the concept of “mental war” in Russia is considered as a symmetrical response to Western “cognitive” aggression, affecting the system of knowledge and ideas of the individual, on his perception of the surrounding reality through the prism of cognition and educational activity; Unlike cognitive wars, mental wars directly affect the thinking processes of both their citizens and the enemy by introducing a system of values and meanings into a person’s consciousness. In this regard, information wars are preceded by ideological sabotage aimed at the mental sphere with the aim of weakening or “shaking” it, transferring it into an unstable state, since it is easier to wage an information war with a weak enemy than with an enemy with a stable psyche.

Key words: politics, hybrid war, information war, mental war, cognitive war, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.022

N.P. NIKOLAEV Professor of the National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Property, Land and Property Relations, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS ON LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of international environmental policy, due to ongoing climate`s changes. The main goal is to identify the axiological foundations of international institutions that have an impact on legislative activity both in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries. For the first time, within the framework of a scientific research, was analyzed the mechanism of reflection of ethical aspects, determined by the mythologized perception of the population of various countries, in the state internal political activity. This mechanism is manifested both in overcoming and adapting to the consequences of climate change, and in the development of the political system as a whole.

Key words: environmental institutions, climate change, adaptation to climate change, public policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.023

M.S. SAUSHKINA PhD student MSU, Moscow, Russia

FALSIFIATION OF HISTORY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SYMBOLIC POLITICS: THE EVOLUTION OF POLITICATION OF HISTORY IN POST-COMMUNIST STATES OF EASTERN EUROPE

The article discusses the concepts of politicization and falsification of history. The influence of this phenomenon on the activities of professional historians is analyzed. The politicization of history in the countries of Eastern Europe is considered. It is concluded that during the formation of statehood in post-communist countries, history was often used as a political tool.

Key words: history, politicization of history, historical myth, countries of Eastern Europe, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.024

D.A. AVAKYAN Candidate of political sciences, senior lecturer of the Department of philosophy and sociology Educational institutions of trade unions of higher education «Academy of Labor and Social Relations», Russia, Moscow; Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology named after G.S. Arefieva National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering University", Moscow, Russia

UTOPIAS AND REALITY: ENGLISH AND FRENCH EXPERIENCE

The article discusses socio-cultural models designed to embody the utopian ideal of the European reality of the XIX century. A detailed description and comparative analysis of the variants of ideal human existence proposed by R. Owen and E. Cabe and their ideological foundations are presented.

Key words: utopian socialism, workers, working conditions, working hours, the practice of implementing utopias, industrial revolution, R. Owen, E. Cabe

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.025

N.S. BAYRAMLY Graduate student of the Higher School of International Relations Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; Head of Sector, North-West Institute of Management, RANEPA; Co-founder of the Azerbaijan Center for Humanitarian Cooperation, St. Petersburg, Russia

D.M. GUSEINOVA Master's student at the Northwestern Faculty of Law Institute of Management RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND ITS ROLE IN RUSSIAN-AZERBAIJAN RELATIONS

Russian-Azerbaijani relations remain relevant even after the collapse of the USSR at the end of the 20th century. In connection with the development of society, public diplomacy tools are becoming popular, including those using Internet resources to form the image of the state. The purpose of this article is to analyze the mechanisms of public diplomacy in relations between Russia and Azerbaijan. The work uses comparative analysis, methods of logical analysis and synthesis, and conducts historical analysis. The authors analyze the practical mechanisms for building and developing relations between states. In addition, the main directions of interstate cooperation are considered, and the role of diasporas in it is assessed. As a result, it is concluded that the system of public information tools is very extensive and includes some targeted mechanisms. It is noted that diasporas play a significant role in relations between Russia and Azerbaijan for a critically wide range of areas of interaction.

Key words: international relations, international cooperation, strategic partnership, public diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.026

K.R. ARGVLIANI St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE SOCIETY 5.0 FORMATION POLICY IN CITIES OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

With the growing influence of information and communication technologies on everyday human life, the policy of many states in the field of socio-political development of cities is aimed at the widespread introduction of the latest developments to create "smart cities". Due to the increasing integration of high technologies into everyday life, a conceptually new structure of society is emerging, which is also called "society 5.0".

This article will examine the basic concepts and trends of the transition to a new socio-political structure, as well as the prerequisites for increasing inequality in connection with the transition to the 5.0 society and smart cities.

The purpose of this article is to trace how the introduction of new information and communication technologies affect the quality of life in cities. In accordance with this, the task of the article is to consider the regularity of transformational processes in society caused by ICT, as well as to trace their relationship with the quality of life.

Based on the analysis of policy initiatives to create smart cities and transition to a 5.0 society in the Russian Federation, Japan, the European Union, India, etc., as well as on the basis of UN-Habitat data, it can be concluded that this trend can significantly improve the quality of life of the population. At the same time, the transition to the 5.0 society provokes further development of inequality, as not everyone can equally access these technologies, not only at the level of individual states or cities, but even within the same city. This, in turn, creates a field for further discussion and the search for solutions to develop an acceptable political strategy to address the current situation.

Key words: urbanization, society 5.0, smart city, quality of life, sustainable development, inequality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.027

E.L. BOLDYREVA PhD, Associate Professor, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

STAM FINN BENJAMIN Independent researcher, Netherlands

A.A. NELGA Student at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE NETHERLANDS AND ITS POLDER MODEL

Theories and models of decision-making processes at all levels of social, political and economic life have always been of interest to both the academic community and humanity as a whole. Finding a balance between the opinions, interests and demands of different groups of people or individuals is a vast area for research work. Definitions and explanations of consensus decision making vary among different authors. This article is devoted to a model that offers a unique way of resolving conflicts and making decisions, namely the polder model. This model is closely related to Dutch characteristics and its social, political and economic development has a long history. Its principles often played a key role in the decision-making of the population and authorities of the Netherlands. The consensus model has demonstrated its advantages despite some existing shortcomings. It follows that the "polder model" had a greater impact on Dutch society and the economy than previously thought. The Dutch experience of the polder model as a way to achieve consensus can be applied in democratic countries in the socio-political sphere. This model is still used in politics, economics and business, and even in resolving disputes between neighbors.

Key words: Polder model, consensus, Netherlands, society, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.028

WANG FEIXIANG Graduate student of Russian Friendship University peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF CHINA IN THE MODERN WORLD: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The article discusses issues related to Chinese public diplomacy in the modern world. The purpose of the study is to study Chinese public diplomacy in the modern world, to identify the main features and features. Research methods: method of analysis, comparison, logical reasoning and much more. The concept of “public diplomacy” is defined. It is noted that political influence on basic social processes is carried out on the basis of the use of “soft power”. The main positive results that can be obtained through the use of public diplomacy are considered. The main tools and approaches to conducting public diplomacy in China have been studied. Stratagem diplomacy is considered as an effective tool of Chinese public diplomacy. The means and methods of China's “new public diplomacy” are studied. The role of the institution of strategic partnership in China has been studied. The economic diplomacy of China is considered. Oil public diplomacy has been studied. An algorithm has been developed for the development of Chinese public diplomacy in the modern world. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of using an integrated approach in solving international economic problems in achieving success, which consists in the ability to competently conduct public negotiations, develop foreign policy cooperation between countries, and use the economic benefits from international cooperation.

Key words: public diplomacy, China, development, modern world, problems, language.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.029

B.I. GOLIKOV Graduate student of the Faculty of Global processes of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE PROJECTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF “ONE BELT – ONE ROAD”

Russian-Chinese relations are permanent and friendly. The leaders of the countries have repeatedly emphasized the commonality of interests in working for the “good of all mankind.” Countries confirm this by acting as partners in the SCO, BRICS, interacting at the EurAsEC-ASEAN level, and, finally, by bringing their integration contour to the “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR), the largest project. In October 2023, at the third International Forum “One Belt, One Road”, the emphasis was once again placed on the parallel but coordinated development of the EurAsEC and the Belt and Road Initiative. The work examines the nature of Russian-Chinese relations as the One Belt, One Road projects are implemented.

The purpose of the study is, based on statistical data, media and theoretical research, to note implemented projects, sum up intermediate results and outline the intended goals of the partnership as part of the shift in the center of business activity from the West to the East.

Key words: initiative, “One Belt, One Road”, Russian-Chinese projects, infrastructure, OBOR, cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.030

E.A. DANILOVA State Civil Service Advisor, Russian Federation 2nd class; third-year postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Master of Management, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov with a specialization in “Public Administration”; lead advisor, Department for Development of Eurasian Integration, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia (2018-2020), Moscow, Russia

THE LOGIC OF GOVERNANCE DECISION-MAKING BY REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CHINESE POLITICAL AND BUSINESS ELITE THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE CHINESE STRATEGIC GAME OF GO PART I

The article analyzes the principles of the game of Go, which can be applied to understand political decision-making in China. Based on this analysis, the article examines the role of strategic logic in Chinese policy decisions and hypothesizes about its influence on the formation and achievement of the country's policy goals.

Deepening relations with China is a priority of Russian foreign policy. This course is sustainable, long-term in nature, and is the core of the updated concept of Russian foreign policy, approved by presidential decree on March 31, 2023. However, the expert and scientific communities rightly emphasize that at the government level the declarative nature of deepening rapprochement, statements by leaders on joint development in various vectors and intergovernmental agreements are not supported by practical actions.

The author sees in this a connection with deeply different cultural approaches to the problems of war and peace, political leadership, and the logic of strategic decision-making. Political decisions, behavior, and actions of Chinese leaders cause wariness among the Russian political elite and are interpreted as an attempt to seize power. However, is this so? The author proposes to take a critical look at this attitude and examine the strategic logic of political decisions made by the Chinese leadership, using an analogy with the philosophy of the Chinese game Go. Go is an important element of the culture of thinking in China, the key to the strategic logic of Chinese politicians and managers of the highest level.

To implement this study, methods were used to analyze situations, principles and strategies of the game of Go, as well as analysis of documents and publications related to the political decisions of the Chinese leadership. The study is based on qualitative analysis to highlight the main elements of strategic logic and their application in the political context.

As a conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that China's political leadership does not involve coercing its will or depriving other states of their own benefits. The strategic patterns of Chinese logic proceed from the fact that the development of one state not only does not entail the lag of others, but rather even presupposes the possibility of asynchronous development of all.

Understanding this phenomenon by domestic politicians can remove superstitious fears and stimulate the realization of the strategic potential of the Russian-Chinese partnership.

Key words: turn to the east, political logic of China, philosophy of China, politics of China, strategy of China, strategic game of Go.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.031

A.YU. KNYSHOVA Graduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF ASAN KAIGY IN THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL DISCOURSE OF THE KAZAKH KHANATE

With the acquisition of independence and the development of the strengthening process, each national state, in order to strengthen its sovereignty, turns to the origins of socio-political thought, as well as to the ideas of the “founding fathers” who devoted their lives to the study of the people and their future. At the same time, many existing countries focus on “specialness” and the need to return to the greatest stage in their history. In this article, the author analyzes the process of forming a theoretical base using the example of the thoughts of the zhyrau poet of the era of the Kazakh Khanate – Asane Kaigy. Based on the study of surviving works, the researcher will consider two main utopian concepts of the ways of development of Kazakh statehood. Based on the results of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the key ideas laid down by the poet-zhyrau and his followers are actively implemented in the domestic and foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Key words: poet-zhyrau, Kazakhstan, state, khanate, nation, idea, land.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.032

KODUAH EMMANUEL Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University. K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia

PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF VOTING IN THE GENERAL ELECTIONS IN GHANA

In this article, the author has tried to outline the main problems of elections, trends and patterns of voting. Some voting theories were examined, as well as various factors determining voter behavior in Ghana. It was revealed that a certain part of the population acts socially, making political choices, including such social content as religion, ethnicity and political orientation. Making sense, some Ghanaian voters also take into account or activate the rational choice model when voting. This includes examining political messages or manifestos to justify political choices, the activities of the previous government, and other rational indicators.

Key words: Ghana, elections, electoral system, voting, political parties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.033

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPANESE NATIONALISM AS THE MAIN UNIFICATING AND PROTECTIVE FORCE OF THE NATION IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER OF THE XXI CENTURY PART II

The article analyzes the problems of the revival of the ideology of state nationalism taking place in modern Japan, as a traditional tool for manipulating the mass consciousness of the Japanese during the dramatic periods of the country's recent history, such as the period of formation of the new world order at the beginning of the 21st century in the context of a new confrontation between the united West, led by the United States, in containing Russia. The article emphasizes that the rise of nationalist sentiments aims to unite and mobilize the potential of the nation in the face of a real threat of destabilization of the situation in the Far East. The article analyzes the main carriers of nationalist ideology, shows the role of the institution of imperial power and the authorities in general in the formation of a nationalist worldview among Japanese youth. An attempt has been made to outline the immediate prospects for the development of nationalism in Japan, as well as the consequences of this process for the future of Japanese-Russian relations.

Key words: patriotism, nationalism, Shinto, Japanese nationalists, nationalism in foreign policy, terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.034

L. MILOEVICH Assistant to the Ambassador of the Republic of Serbia to the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

NATO EXPANSION, RUSSIA'S RESPONSE AND EUROPEAN SECURITY ARCHITECTURE

The dynamics of NATO-Russia relations since the end of the Cold War have shaped the European security architecture. Within this dynamic, the biggest problem was the expansion of NATO and the disregard for Russia's security interests and its reactions at the very beginning of this process. The end result was the destruction of the European security architecture, which, in essence, implied equal and indivisible security on the European continent.

Key words: NATO expansion, Russia, European security architecture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.035

TAMUNDELE JEAN-BAPTISTE NGEY Doctoral student in international relations, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

Scientific supervisor:

V.A. SHAGALOV Associate Professor, PhD (Associate Professor), Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

AFRICAN UNION

International diplomacy regarding African countries is highly complex and diverse, evolving over many decades. The majority of African countries gained independence from European colonial powers in the mid-20th century. This process of decolonization had a profound impact on the diplomatic relations of these nations, particularly in relation to former colonial authorities. Established in 2002 as the successor to the Organization of African Unity, the African Union has become a crucial platform for coordinating and representing the interests of African countries on the international stage. The African Union plays a significant role in the development and implementation of pan-African strategies in areas such as peace and security, economic development, and education.

Diplomacy concerning African countries often encompasses issues of peace and security. Relations between African nations and the international community in this context may involve a range of activities, from United Nations peacekeeping missions and regional organizations like the African Union to collaboration in counter-terrorism efforts and the fight against transnational crime.

Key words: African Union, integration, diplomacy, economic development, continent-wide security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.036

XING HAOTIAN Graduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S DIGITAL DIPLOMACY: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The combination of digital technology and diplomacy has given rise to digital diplomacy, and digital diplomacy has also become an advanced stage in the field of diplomacy, especially the COVID-19 epidemic has significantly contributed to the migration of public diplomacy from offline to online, from the real world to virtual space and accelerated the development of public diplomacy. the process of digitization and intellectualization of international communication and public diplomacy.As a country with major digital technologies, the PRC has very strong capabilities in the field of digital diplomacy, including foreign policy activities at all levels in the form of online, providing security for its citizens abroad, spreading Chinese culture through short videos, establishing a certain right to speak out in the digital space.However, in recent years, the United States has intensified its offensive policy in foreign digital diplomacy, which has had a significant impact on China and even on international cyberspace.Facing serious challenges, China will maintain an objective position, not only be careful about digital competition with the United States, but also actively promote digital diplomatic exchanges and contribute to the successful completion of the task of diplomacy, provided that information security is ensured, as well as play a major role in the international arena.

Key words: China, digital diplomacy, digital technology, cyberspace, technical rivalry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.037

A.А. SPASOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov», Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Analysis and socio-psychological processes, Moscow, Russia

TECHNOLOGIES OF DESTABILIZATION OF THE STATE OF THE OPPOSITION BLOC «SERBIA AGAINST VIOLENCE»

This article analyzes the actions of the opposition bloc «Serbia against Violence» aimed at the political destabilization of Serbia. The technologies of destabilization of the opposition bloc with external support include both standard forms of nonviolent protest actions used in the implementation of the template scheme of the «color revolution» – the organization of a tent camp in the city center and the involvement of young people in protest actions, and new ones, including a rapid transition from nonviolent to violent actions and vice versa, and the implementation of a combination foreign policy pressure (as part of the US military-political operation to control the escalation of the Kosovo-Serbian conflict) together with domestic political pressure. At the end of the article, the author notes among the threats to the country's security the possible activation of combat Kosovo cells (as part of increased foreign policy pressure), and also identifies possible ways to minimize the risks of destabilization of the country.

Key words: Serbia, «color revolution», technologies of destabilization of the state, «Serbia against violence», opposition, political conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.038

XUE JIAXIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION AND PROSPECTS OF CHINA AND THE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF “ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD”

Two thousand years ago, many Arab merchants traded silk, spices, ivory and other goods between China and the Middle East. The ancient Silk Road contributed to the economic and trade development of the two sides and played a very important role. Today, the traditional friendship between China and the Middle East continues to write a new chapter under “One Belt, One Road” Initiative. The economic and trade partnership is constantly strengthening, and cooperation is taking place in many areas.

“One Belt, One Road” initiative, namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, is a major international economic cooperation and development program proposed by China in 2013. This initiative aims to promote the shared prosperity of countries along the route by strengthening cooperation in infrastructure construction, trade, cultural exchange and other areas. Currently, more than 100 countries and international organizations have responded and participated in the development of “One Belt, One Road” initiative. “One Belt, One Road” covers a large number of countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Europe. As of the end of March 2019, the Chinese government had already signed 173 cooperation documents with 125 countries and 29 international organizations. As a necessary and important region for “One Belt, One Road” Initiative, the Middle East's positions and policies are critical to the initiative's advancement. The Middle East is located in the connecting zone between Asia and Africa, and is also one of the key regions for promoting “One Belt, One Road” initiative. China is now the Middle East's largest trading partner, and the Middle East is also China's most important energy supplier.

This article mainly talks about the diplomatic relations between China and the Middle East, the specific cooperation “One Belt, One Road” initiative, and the prospect and proposal for cooperation between the two sides under this initiative.

Key words: Diplomatic relations, “One Belt and One Road” Initiative, Middle East, China, Energy cooperation.

SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.102.2.039

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Russian political scientist and politician, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF MODERN POLITICAL PARTIES

The article, prepared on the basis of video recordings of the author’s lectures and conversations on political science, characterizes the role of political parties in the modern political process. The features of the typology of political parties and their main functions are revealed. The insufficiency of foundations when using Western mathematical and sociological methods to assess political activity and political culture in modern Russia is emphasized.

Key words: political parties, modern political process, typology of parties, functions of political parties, ideology, political culture, traditional culture.

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 1 (101), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Pritula M.S. State Sovereignty as the Theoretical and Practical-Political Problem

Rebrov A.I. Local Political Identity

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Chernykhovskaya E.V. The Historical Context of the Image of Heroism and Patriotism in Russian Textbooks

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Kornienko O.Yu. Identification Features of Russian Elites

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Wenzel S.V. The Role of Subjects of Preventive Influence in the System of Countering the Spread of Political Extremism in the Environment of New Media

Nguyen Thi Anh. National Policy on Equality Among Ethnics is a Factor that Ensures the Political Stability of Vietnam Currently

Tsvyak A.A. Political Factors of the Importance of Private Military Companies

Fatixov N.D. Prospects for the Development of Deliberative Democracy in the System of Urban Local Self-Government of Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Okudzhava Kh.Z. Introduction of Digital Technologies Into Regional Management (Based on Materials from the Moscow Region)

Poyarkov R.A. Digital Competencies as a Key Element of the Professional Standard for Civil Servants in Russia

Zherokov M. Improving the Educational System and Systems of Measures to Prevent Terrorist Acts in Schools

Ashmarina A.A. “Biosafety” and “Biosecurity” in Russia in the Context of the Development of Digital Technologies

Litvin L.A. Risks and Prospects of E-Government Implementation in the Context of Public Administration Transformation in the Russian Federation

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Smirnova A.S. Trends of Human Security in the Modern World

An Nan. Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation of the SCO Countries

Grebnev R.D. World of Islam Background (in the Context of Iranian Foreign Policy)

Sviridov A.A. Arctic Vector of Russian Policy

Suchkova A.A. Stages of Bilateral Relations Between the Republic of Korea and New Zealand

Xu Mengzhu. China's Soft Power: Global Initiatives and Interaction with Russia

Tushkov A.A., Alyaeva L.A., Bukharova Yu.A., Puchenkov D.O. On the Question of Some Approaches in the Methodology of the Study of Russian Civilizational Development

Tyukov N.A., Shapovalov V.L., Nikulin E.R. Interpretative Models of the Value Spectrum of Russian Youth: Meanings, Personalities and Concept Words

Farah A.S. Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies and the Reshaping of Governance, Politics and Society

Che Qingzhou, Kalashnikova N.P. The Role of Congress in US Foreign Policy (Taiwan’s Case During the Presidency of Barack Obama)

Yurchenko P.S. The Kurdish Question as a Modern Threat to the Republic of Turkey

Antropova S.Yu., Ivanova N.V. Refugees and Migrants Problem in Germany at the Present Stage

Epremyan M. Features of Political Power in Modern Armenia

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japanese Nationalism as the Main Unificating and Protective Force of the Nation in the New World Order of the XXI Century (Part I)

Lu Wanqing. Russia's Interests in Central Asia

Mosakova E.A., Zolotarev I.A. Cryptocurrencies in International Finance: Challenges on the Road to Becoming a World Currency

Muravyeva A.E. Egypt's Role in Resolving the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

Novitskaya A.A., Tulupov D.S. The Principle of Neutrality of the Swiss Confederation through the Press of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

Privalov V.A. The Evolution of Relations Between Russia and Turkey During Periods of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Escalation

Saprynskaia D.V., Syzdykova Zh.S. Between the Census of 1897 and 1926: Some Aspects of the National Composition of the Population of Kazakhstan

SCIENTIFIC CONVERSATIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. On the Question about the Subject Field Political Science

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.001

M.S. PRITULA PhD student, Russian University Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

STATE SOVEREIGNTY AS THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL-POLITICAL PROBLEM

The article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the problem of state sovereignty. The development of the field of digital democracy largely depends on how well the conceptual dimensions are understood and how clearly the concepts of state sovereignty are defined. There is a lack of scientific research aimed at identifying this connection between the digital state and state sovereignty in the context of the modern Russian political system.

The purpose of the work is to identify the features of the analysis of the problem of state sovereignty as a theoretical and practical-political problem in the context of political science theory.

The purpose can be achieved through solving the following tasks:

1) Consider the concept of state sovereignty;

2) Formulate various definitions of state sovereignty;

3) Identify problems and prospects for the development of state sovereignty.

The methodological basis of the study involves the use of a comparative method to determine the general foundations of the digital state and state sovereignty in the political science views of Lee, Johnson and other authors.

Results. In the course of theoretical research, it was suggested that state sovereignty consists, first of all, in the expression of the will to self-determination of a socio-cultural community, designated as a nation. The article analyzed the contrast between international freedom of the digital economy and state sovereignty using the example of Russia, as well as the relationship of the digital economy and state sovereignty in modern Russia in the light of recent events in the Northern Military District in Ukraine and in the world.

Conclusion. We made the conclusion that in the case of states (for example, Russia) that have already achieved political unity, sovereignty manifests itself devoid of controversial content in order to become an expression of the will to “live together”, protecting the independence and integrity of the country.

Key words: state sovereignty, national sovereignty, states, country independence, nation, power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.002

A.I. REBROV Post-graduate student of ION RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

LOCAL POLITICAL IDENTITY

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of local political identity and analyzes approaches to the study of identity adopted in Russian and Western political science. Based on the methodology of social constructivism and the concepts of A. Assman, R. Brubaker and J. Urria, the author proposes a model of local political identity consisting of three blocks. The first block consists of elements of the identification process, methods of mapping the surrounding reality and choosing a behavioral strategy. In turn, consisting of categories applied to oneself and others, as well as their hierarchical connectivity, social stereotypes common in the local community regarding the expected behavior of its members, mental schemes used to categorize the situation. The second block is the material and information environment in which identity is formed and reproduced. As elements of the environment, narratives about the locality in which the community under study is localized, “places of memory” around which the identity of the community is organized (monuments, recognizable architectural objects, landscapes, toponyms), and commemorative practices used to reproduce the identity of the community are identified. The third block is the involvement of the local community in the national and transnational context. Involvement is represented by a set of networks and flows (tourism, export of goods, etc.) present in the local community, the structure and composition of elites and public organizations, infrastructure, “localization” of the community (local media, local history museums, etc.).

Key words: political identity, local identity, memory, local community.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.003

E.V. CHERNYKHOVSKAYA Candidate of Science (History), Stavropol, Russia

THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE IMAGE OF HEROISM AND PATRIOTISM IN RUSSIAN TEXTBOOKS

The article presents an analysis of educational literature for primary, secondary schools and gymnasiums of tsarist, Soviet and modern Russia. It focuses on how the phenomenon of heroism was conceptualized in Russian educational literature from the late XIX to the early 20s of the XXI century as part of the study of history in elementary and secondary schools, as well as how the concept of patriotism was interpreted in Russian history textbooks of this period. The article is a search for a model of returning to the traditional domestic origins of the education of patriotism and citizenship, the introduction of which into the teaching of history at school is a task of national importance.

Key words: feat, patriotism, state ideology, patriotic education, citizenship, historical context.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.004

O.YU. KORNIENKO Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

IDENTIFICATION FEATURES OF RUSSIAN ELITES

The article examines identification features of the Russian elites, determined by the system of their upbringing on the national values and attitudes of the Russian people, as well as the planless nature of Russian elite’s upbringing. The study notes that the most important component in development of the elites is the approach to their education on the values inherent to the nation, which is analyzed by the author diachronically.

The analyzed material revealed that since the pre-Mongol period Russian educational approach to general upbringings, as well as elite upbringing, has been characterized by a comprehensive educational approach, determines by moral and spiritual principles. It is typical for the Russian tradition to place emphasis on highly professional, specialized training of elites with less attention to the development of their management skills.

Haphazard development of the Russian elite is determined by an external context, a somewhat unsystematic approach to the ways of education, and significantly depends on the vector of the state development. The material in question leads to the conclusion about the need to correlate the education of the elites with the national idea and identification values and attitudes, and the need to combine the traditional approach to training a highly professional specialized elite with developed management skills and abilities.

Key words: elites, national values, attitudes, haphazard development, specialized education.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.005

S.V. WENZEL Head of the Analytical and Educational Activities Department NCPTI FGANU Research Institute "Spetsvuzavtomatika", Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE ROLE OF SUBJECTS OF PREVENTIVE INFLUENCE IN THE SYSTEM OF COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF NEW MEDIA

The presented research is devoted to the issue of building an effective system to counter the spread of political extremism in the environment of new media. The direct subjects of preventive action, represented at all levels (federal, regional and local), have an important role. The classification of subjects is based on the areas of activity: the implementation of preventive work in real time and the conduct of information work in the media space, including monitoring, educational work and the functioning of a community of experts.

Key words: political extremism, new media, technologies, countering extremism, subjects of prevention.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.006

NGUYEN THI ANH Postgraduate student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL POLICY ON EQUALITY AMONG ETHNICS IS A FACTOR THAT ENSURES THE POLITICAL STABILITY OF VIETNAM CURRENTLY

Research on ethnic equality and ethnic equality policies is becoming increasingly necessary and important. Because current practice shows that most major socio-political changes in countries are related to ethnic issues and of course any country is at risk of facing ethnic issues. Ethnicity, whether directly or indirectly, and even disguised under the cloak of national colors. As a multi-ethnic country, Vietnam has always paid attention to the policy of equality among ethnic groups and achieved important achievements. The article aims to analyze the basic contents to prove that the policy of ethnic equality is a factor ensuring political stability in Vietnam today.

Key words: Ethnic equality policy, Vietnam, political stability, sabotage, culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.007

A.A. TSVYAK Postgraduate student, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL FACTORS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES

Analysis of private military companies from the point of view of political factors of their existence and development is an extremely relevant topic against the backdrop of the dynamic expansion of their activities, but at the same time it is still insufficiently developed in the relevant scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to identify and specify these factors. The article examines the key elements that determine the increased political importance of private military companies in the context of the functioning of military-political structures and government institutions. Key similar requests emanating from state structures are identified and analyzed, such as the need for projection of power, natural attempts to avoid condemnation from the world community as a whole or individual states, and reducing the volume of potential criticism within the state itself. The mechanisms for their effective implementation are shown, allowing political institutions to achieve their foreign policy and domestic policy goals, while avoiding associated reputational risks or the development of diverse crisis phenomena.

Key words: political security factors, private military companies, military-political institutions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.008

N.D. FATIXOV Member of the Precinct Election Commission No. 292, electoral lawyer, independent researcher, Ufa, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY IN THE SYSTEM OF URBAN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIA

The subject of the research in the scientific article is the problems of functioning of the system of urban local self-government in Russia in the conditions of the information society. In the article analyzes the current state of social communications, taking into account existing research in the field of citizen's participation in political activities. The main problems in the development of municipal government in urban districts and their impact on the protest activity of citizens are highlighted. Methods of developing democratic procedures based on deliberative democracy are proposed.

Key words: deliberative democracy, public hearing, local self-government, territorial self-government bodies, political communications.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.009

KH.Z. OKUDZHAVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO REGIONAL MANAGEMENT (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE MOSCOW REGION)

The article discusses the issues of digital transformation of the regional management system using the example of the Moscow region. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to improve the quality and efficiency of the work of regional and municipal authorities, and to increase the population’s satisfaction with their activities. The purpose of the work is to, based on a generalization of the best practices of the Moscow region, identify the features of the use of digital technologies in regional management.

The work characterizes the current state of regional management in digital reality, analyzes key documents and information systems of the Moscow region. Particular attention is paid to the Regional Geographic Information System (RGIS) and “Dobrodel”, their role in increasing the efficiency of regional management and improving communication between authorities and citizens is shown. Recommendations for the further development of processes related to digitalization were formulated, a draft strategy “Digital Management of the Moscow Region 2030” was proposed, designed to solve the problems of transferring state and municipal services to a digital format, introducing artificial intelligence technologies in management, creating a unified digital ecosystem for interaction between citizens and representatives business with authorities. The implementation of the project involves 3 stages: the first stage involves developing a strategy and launching pilot digital platforms. The second stage involves replication of successful solutions for their further scaling. The third stage involves the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in key areas of life, providing wide access to provide public services to the population. The implementation of the proposed project plan will allow the Moscow region to maintain its leading position in Russia in terms of the level of digitalization of public administration and the quality of provision of electronic services to residents of the region.

Key words: digital transformation, digital technologies, regional management, information systems, public administration, Moscow region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.010

R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch (Orel), Orel, Russia; founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL COMPETENCIES AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD FOR CIVIL SERVANTS IN RUSSIA

This article discusses the issues of the need to develop digital competencies among Russian civil servants and their role in improving the effectiveness of implementing the concept of E-Government. The authors analyze existing educational programs and materials designed to train civil servants and identify the main problems and obstacles in the process of improving their digital qualifications. The lack of national standards for assessing the necessary digital competencies within the framework of E-Government is recognized as a key factor hampering the growth of work efficiency and management effectiveness. The importance of updating qualification criteria for the civil service and developing new knowledge and skills standards that meet the requirements of the digital era is emphasized.

Key words: digital competencies, civil service, E-Government, educational programs, qualification criteria, information and communication competencies, digital qualifications, professional standards, innovative technologies, management activities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.011

M. ZHEROKOV Graduate student of Slavic-Greco-Latin Academy, Moscow, Russia

IMPROVING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND SYSTEMS OF MEASURES TO PREVENT TERRORIST ACTS IN SCHOOLS

This material discusses ways to improve the educational system and the system of measures to prevent terrorist attacks in schools. First of all, this work highlights the importance of the school's responsibility for raising children. The purpose of the work is to identify the shortcomings of existing systems and consider ways to compensate for them. The result of the material is a recommended list of measures to improve systems for preventing terrorist acts.

Key words: society, state, security, efficiency, management, terrorist attacks, educational system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.012

A.A. ASHMARINA Candidate of Political Sciences Senior lecturer at IMOMI of Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

“BIOSAFETY” AND “BIOSECURITY” IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

The article discusses the concepts of “biosafety” and “biosecurity” in the context of digitalization in Russia. The author analyzes biological threats to Russian society arising from the influence of external and internal factors. The central place in this work is occupied by the factor of development of digital technologies, which has a huge impact on all spheres of human life. Medicine, agriculture, and public administration are falling under the influence of digitalization. The author concludes that digitalization contributes to the development of biotechnologies and becomes a source of biothreats, including turning a person into an object of politics at various levels.

Key words: national security, biosecurity, biosafety, biological threat, biopolitics, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.013

L.A. LITVIN PhD in Political science, Associate Professor for the Department of Political and Regional science, Lugansk State Pedagogical University, Lugansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia

RISKS AND PROSPECTS OF E-GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TRANSFORMATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Currently, e-government is becoming an integral part of modern public administration. E-government is a complex technology that allows you to solve several tasks and provide many different services to the public. The main task of e-government is to inform citizens and provide state and municipal services via the Internet for the fastest and highest quality public services. In this regard, it includes the main elements of the national infrastructure. Currently, there are five such elements. They generally represent a unified information technology and telecommunications system of electronic government. On the way of introducing such a large-scale system as «Electronic Government» into the socio-economic reality of any country, various problems may arise, which can be conditionally divided into the following main groups: organizational and legal problems, technological problems, methodological problems, information problems, financial problems. Special attention is paid to the analysis of risks and prospects for the development of «electronic government» in Russia. Potential risks, such as threats to information security, vulnerability of the e-government system to cyberattacks, as well as opportunities and prospects related to improving the efficiency and quality of public administration, improving services for the public and businesses, reducing bureaucratic procedures and increasing transparency of government processes were highlighted. Some promising areas of e-government development in Russia are also highlighted.

Key words: e-government, digital government, transformation, public administration, digital technologies, risks and challenges, portal «Public Services», information security.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.014

A.S. SMIRNOVA Junior Researcher of the Research Department (Military-Humanitarian Studies) Military University, postgraduate student of the Department of politology, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS OF HUMAN SECURITY IN THE MODERN WORLD

The concept of human security was created in the twentieth century. From the moment of its formation to its practical application, more than 50 years have passed, during which it has gained many supporters among scientists who promote and develop it in our time. To identify the relevance of the concept, the author analyzes the UN guiding documents, the work of Latin American and European scientists and identifies three trends in human security: diversification, institutionalization and adaptation. Diversification is represented in the creation and promotion by Latin American scientists of the concept of HUGE (human, gender and environmental security), institutionalization – in the creation and development of the UN trust fund for human security; adaptation – in the refraction of the concept of human security to the realities of a particular country or region. The author also identifies and examines two significant threats to human security – globalization and digitalization.

Key words: human security, trends, adaptation, diversification, institutionalization, Latin America, UN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.015

AN NAN Master student Department of International Relations Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus

CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION OF THE SCO COUNTRIES

The article discusses issues related to cultural and humanitarian cooperation between the SCO countries. The purpose of the study is to study the issues of cooperation between the countries within the SCO in the field of cultural and humanitarian interaction, to identify the main features and features. The main research methods are the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. Priority tasks for the development of cultural and humanitarian exchange between the SCO member states are considered. The main priority areas for cultural and humanitarian cooperation of the SCO countries until 2025 have been studied. The definition of the concept of "mechanism for managing cultural and humanitarian processes" is defined. The mechanism for managing cultural and humanitarian processes of partner countries within the framework of the SCO is studied. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of legislative regulation of cultural and humanitarian development of the SCO member states. Educational institutions play an important role in the formation of cultural awareness and the development of creative potential. Schools and universities should provide students not only with knowledge and skills, but also promote the development of critical thinking and creative thinking, which will help them become active participants in cultural life. It is also important to pay attention to the relationship between culture and economics, as cultural processes often stimulate economic growth and innovative development. Non-profit organizations and cultural institutions also contribute to the management of cultural life in society. They organize various cultural events, support young talented artists and scientists, and provide access to cultural resources for all segments of the population.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the issues of cooperation between the countries within the framework of the SCO in the field of cultural and humanitarian interaction, to identify the main features and features.

Methods: The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The issues of cooperation between the countries within the SCO in the field of cultural and humanitarian interaction have been studied. The main features and features are revealed.

Conclusions: The public and the cultural environment itself play an important role in the mechanism of managing the cultural and humanitarian processes of the SCO member states. The participation of society in the development of culture promotes multifaceted interaction and the exchange of ideas. The formation of public discussion, public opinion and cultural trends are key factors determining the development of culture as a whole. Thus, the mechanism for managing the cultural processes of the SCO countries includes participants and many tools that cooperate to ensure the development of culture. The State, educational institutions, non-profit organizations, cultural institutions and the public play an important role in the formation and development of cultural processes. The interaction between all participants ensures the exchange of ideas, innovation and the preservation of cultural heritage, which contributes to the development of society and its state of well-being.

Key words: culture, humanitarian cooperation, SCO countries, communication, exchange, interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.016

R.D. GREBNEV Candidate of judicial sciences, Professor of the Russian Federation Academy of Military Sciences, senior researcher at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WORLD OF ISLAM BACKGROUND (IN THE CONTEXT OF IRANIAN FOREIGN POLICY)

The relevance of the stated topic is justified by the emphasis on the creation of a global ummah (from Arabic - community, nation) by the foreign policy activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the leadership of President Ibrahim Raisi in the context of differentiation of globalization political processes, as well as the escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, which in the context of the stated topic may be considered as a factor promoting the consolidation of the World of Islam in order to jointly confront Muslim states with the US geopolitical project in the Middle East.

The purpose of the study is to identify internal and external factors influencing each other on Iran’s pragmatic foreign policy, aimed at achieving the status of a regional leader and a potential center of the emerging pole of a multipolar world, correlated with the concept of the “World of Islam”.

The methodological basis of the study was formed by the method of global political forecasting, as well as systemic, actor-based, geopolitical and geo-economic methodological approaches. When conducting the study, the linguistic-legal method was also used in the interpretation of constitutional and legal norms establishing the principles of government and foreign policy priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as a comparative method in studying the approaches of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia to the issues of regionalization of political processes and participation in development of a polycentric system of international relations.

The article defines the contours of the World of Islam as an emerging collective pole of a multipolar world. In this regard, the World of Islam is considered as a concept that can in the future unite the Persian, Arab and Turkic worlds within the framework of a network political entity. This approach predetermined the need to study Iran's foreign policy concept from a comparative perspective. Using the comparative research methodology, internal factors influencing Iran's foreign policy strategy, which arise because of the peculiarities of the political system and collective identity of Iran, were identified, and the strategic directions of Iran's foreign policy were analyzed in a comparative aspect with Turkey and Saudi Arabia.

As a result of the study, the following main conclusions were substantiated. The political unity of the World of Islam can be ensured by the union of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, jointly performing the functions of a center of geopolitical influence in the structure of the pole of a multipolar world. The cybernetic nature of the political system, the collective identity of Iran, as well as the middle “Shiite crescent” predetermine one of the key meanings of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the consolidation of the ummah and the formation of the World of Islam in the context of the concept of multipolarity.

Key words: regionalization of political processes, globalization of political processes, multipolarity, polycentricity, World of Islam, Iran.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.017

A.A. SVIRIDOV Graduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ARCTIC VECTOR OF RUSSIAN POLICY

The article is devoted to the implementation of the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. The term «Arctic state», sectoral and conventional principles of delimitation of borders are disclosed. The activities of the Arctic Council and international cooperation within the framework of the organization are being studied. Of interest is the special status of the Spitsbergen archipelago: the history of the issue and the current state of affairs. Great attention is paid to the main provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea – such concepts as: internal and historical waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf. The actions of Russia to ensure its national interests in the region, including applications to the United Nations to confirm its sovereignty over the Lomonosov Ridge, are considered. The Concept of Russian Foreign Policy 2023 is studied, as well as activities on the development of infrastructure projects in the Arctic (especially the Northern Sea Route), development of mineral deposits. The objectives and contradictions of different countries in the region are analysed.

Key words: Arctic state, sectoral and conventional principles, Spitsbergen archipelago, Arctic Council, national interests, Northern Sea Route, minerals.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.018

A.A. SUCHKOVA Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, candidate of Sciences in History Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia

STAGES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND NEW ZEALAND

The development of the Korea-New Zealand relations can be divided into two stages: the 1950s – 1980s and the 1990s – the early 21st century. The first period of the bilateral relations was characterized by successive steps from both sides in the political and economic spheres, that became the basis for promising cooperation both within the bilateral and multilateral framework. The second stage, when the world’s bipolar system was transforming into multipolar one, is marked not only by intensification of interaction between states in the political and economic areas, but also by active development of humanitarian contacts. Bilateral cooperation in the late 20th century – early 21st century is being enriched by collaboration between Republic of Korea and New Zealand in the sphere of culture, education and science which means establishment of full-scale interstate relations at the present stage.

Key words: the Asia-Pacific Region, bilateral relations, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, cooperation stages, trade and economic cooperation, political cooperation, humanitarian cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.019

XU MENGZHU Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S SOFT POWER: GLOBAL INITIATIVES AND INTERACTION WITH RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the formation of the ideological foundations of the world order that the leadership of modern China intends to build. Based on party and state documents, speeches by Chinese statesmen, especially Xi Jinping, the article analyzes a number of theoretical innovations, "Chinese solutions" that Beijing offers to the world community to regulate the accumulated problems. Among them are the concept of the "community of the common destiny of mankind", the initiative of "global development", "global security", the resolution of the Ukrainian conflict, etc. With these proposals, Beijing, on the one hand, confirms China's status as a global responsible power that cares about the fate of all mankind, on the other hand, lays the theoretical foundations of a new "just world order" that should replace the current dominance of the West. Chinese leaders view this dominance, based on a policy of forceful pressure, inequality, unilateral benefits, as contrary to the traditional values of the Celestial Empire, the needs of its modern development, as well as the interests of most of humanity, whose active representative and leader China claims to be today.

Key words: international relations, Russian-Chinese cooperation, global initiatives, Russia's foreign policy course, Development of Russia and China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.020

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

L.A. ALYAEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

YU.A. BUKHAROVA Candidate of Historical Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

D.O. PUCHENKOV Student of the of the Faculty of Social Sciences National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF SOME APPROACHES IN THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN CIVILIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The complex of problems related to the study of Russian civilization, its formation and development remains an urgent topic among both domestic and foreign scientists. The uniqueness of the Russian civilization is beyond anyone's doubt. But at the same time, the search for answers to many questions related to its development remains unanswered. This article touches upon some methodological aspects in the study of this topic. In particular, the authors of this article have made an attempt to highlight some approaches in the research of a number of authors.

Key words: Russian civilization, cross-temporal theories, formal approach, Western civilization, Eastern Christian world.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.022

N.A. TYUKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Global Problems of the Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Institute of History and Politics of Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

V.L. SHAPOVALOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Researcher at the Research Laboratory “Political Processes in the System of Center-Region Relations”, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E.R. NIKULIN Expert at the Center for Socio-Political Projects and Communications, Moscow, Russia

INTERPRETATIVE MODELS OF THE VALUE SPECTRUM OF RUSSIAN YOUTH: MEANINGS, PERSONALITIES AND CONCEPT WORDS

The article is devoted to the identification of interpretations of the value spectrum by young Russians. The scientific interest of the authors of this study is to determine the semantic content of the list of values, a personalized semantic core and a pool of concept words using a hybrid methodology that includes a mass survey and social media analysis.

Key words: interpretative model, value spectrum, youth, user, semantic core, value orientation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.024

A.S. FARAH Project lead at the Institute for Financial Analysts, Beirut, Lebanon; PhD candidate at the Faculty of Global Processes at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RETAIL CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND THE RESHAPING OF GOVERNANCE, POLITICS, AND SOCIETY

Historically, money has always been closely linked to power dynamics, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) represent a new chapter in this interaction. This article focuses on the potential policy and societal implications of the introduction of retail central bank digital currencies (rCBDCs), recognizing the leading role played by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in their development and in fostering knowledge sharing. Concerns are raised about the possible risks of excessive government intervention and manipulation associated with rCBDCs, and the need for data protection and transparent governance is emphasized. Moreover, the potential impact of rCBDCs on the political landscape and social inequality is also examined. Understanding the political economy of rCBDCs is critical to leveraging their potential wisely and responsibly and mitigating the risks associated with them.

Key words: retail central bank digital currencies, Bank for International Settlements, governance, control, confidentiality, financial and social inclusion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.025

CHE QINGZHOU Postgraduate student, Higher School of International Relations. The Humanitarian Institute of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University named after Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, Russia

N.P. KALASHNIKOVA Head of the Department of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Eurasian N. Gumilyov National University, Kazakhstan, Astana

THE ROLE OF CONGRESS IN US FOREIGN POLICY (TAIWAN’S CASE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF BARACK OBAMA)

Relations between the United States of America and Taiwan have always been in the spotlight of the world community. Special attention to this problem has always been in the USA. The United States has always supported Taiwan's independence and sovereignty on the basis of signed agreements. The U.S. Congress played a leading role in this policy. The Congressmen's position on the Taiwan issue has always been aimed at supporting the island. One of the central issues in support of Taiwan is the issue of providing the island with modern weapons. In 2010, US President Barack Obama presented the US National Security Strategy program, which proclaims a new approach to the foreign policy of the United States and in particular Taiwan. The purpose of this document was to deepen U.S. participation in the Asia-Pacific region. The main thing was to establish positive relations with Taiwan. The US Congress paid the closest attention to the problem of Taiwan. Senators regularly raised issues of assistance to Taiwan. The main issues were: ensuring Taiwan's security and widespread arms sales, Taiwan's participation in the activities of various international organizations, extensive cooperation between the United States and Taiwan on trade, education and culture, as well as the possibility of visiting the United States by high-ranking representatives of Taiwan. This position of the senators was explained by China's inflexible policy towards Taiwan. In contrast to the "one China" policy, the senators put the US policy towards Taiwan – "one China, one Taiwan".

Key words: Taiwan, United States of America, People's Republic of China, U.S. Congress, President, Barack Obama.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.026

P.S. YURCHENKO Postgraduate student Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE KURDISH QUESTION AS A MODERN THREAT TO THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

The article highlights the topical issue of Kurdish question and its impact on the Republic of Turkey in the modern world. The paper aims to analyze various aspects of the conflict between the Turkish government and Kurdish groups, including the historical roots, political threats and challenges, and geopolitical implications. Kurdish organizations seek to establish an independent and sovereign state of Kurdistan, which could be formed on the territory of the four existing Anterior Asia states: Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria.

The article begins with an overview of the historical context of the of the Kurdish question, including the territorial ambitions of the Kurdish population and its relations with the Turkish state and its government. This is followed by an analysis of the current situation and the impact of the conflict on stability and security in the Middle East region, including an examination of the military operations of Turkey's armed forces in the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Iraq: "Euphrates Shield", "Olive Branch", "Source of Peace", "Eagle Claw" ("Tiger Claw"), "Eagle Claw 2, Castle Claw, and Sword Claw. The article also provides the rationale for these operations.

The article offers for consideration possible scenarios of development of the conflict between the Republic of Turkey and Kurdish formations, which can lead to the end of the conflict. formations, which can lead to the end of the conflict and possible consequences.

The author also emphasizes the role of the United States in supporting the Kurds and their actions in the Middle East. The United States continues to assist Kurdish movements because of possible threats to its dominance and the presence of political opponents in the region in the form of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Key words: Republic of Turkey, Kurdish question, Kurdistan, Kurds, Kurdistan Workers' Party, USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.027

S.YU. ANTROPOVA Deputy Head of the Department of European Languages of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

N.V. IVANOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of European Languages of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS PROBLEM IN GERMANY AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The migration crisis is flaring up again in Germany; the country cannot cope with the increasing flow of migrants. The uncontrolled influx of refugees into Germany contributes to “growing social tensions” and causes “disappointment” among German citizens, while the authorities are unable to integrate them into local society.

Key words: Germany, political parties, elections, migration policy, migrants, migration crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.028

M. EPREMYAN PhD student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Science, Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

FEATURES OF POLITICAL POWER IN MODERN ARMENIA

Of particular scientific interest is the study of the political situation in modern Armenia. This fact is due to the fact that after the collapse of the USSR, the country chose its own path of development in the field of political power development, building its own architecture of democracy. It was after the collapse of the USSR that the state became an international full-fledged entity with its own stable institutional and legal model of democratic development. The purpose of the research in this article is to analyze the formation of political power and the political system of Armenia in order to identify its main features. The objectives of the study were: to study the formation of political power in Armenia after the collapse of the USSR, to analyze the introduction of constitutional amendments, to assess the impact of constitutional changes on the peculiarities of political power. The results of the study indicate that in Armenia, the activities of the government and the political elite have been dominated for a very long time by a preference for political pragmatism, a pronounced weakening of state institutions. The main transformation of political power was caused by attempts to prolong the 3rd President of Armenia, S. Sargsyan, as a result of which in 2018 A protest wave began in the country, which had great potential to strengthen political power. Discontent arose in society caused by large-scale corruption and social polarization, which led to the fact that S. Sargsyan did not retain power, and N. Pashinyan was elected Prime Minister of the state. Everything ended with the parliamentary early elections in 2018, where the «My Step bloc», headed by N. Pashinyan, won. In general, Armenia's political system has undergone changes in recent years aimed at a more democratic governance structure. The country still faces various political challenges, but the established institutions and processes are aimed at developing a stable and democratic system of governance.

Key words: political power, political system, Armenia, features of political power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.023

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPANESE NATIONALISM AS THE MAIN UNIFICATING AND PROTECTIVE FORCE OF THE NATION IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER OF THE XXI CENTURY PART I

The article analyzes the problems of the revival of the ideology of state nationalism taking place in modern Japan, as a traditional tool for manipulating the mass consciousness of the Japanese during the dramatic periods of the country's recent history, such as the period of formation of the new world order at the beginning of the 21st century in the context of a new confrontation between the united West, led by the United States, in containing Russia. The article emphasizes that the rise of nationalist sentiments aims to unite and mobilize the potential of the nation in the face of a real threat of destabilization of the situation in the Far East. The article analyzes the main carriers of nationalist ideology, shows the role of the institution of imperial power and the authorities in general in the formation of a nationalist worldview among Japanese youth. An attempt has been made to outline the immediate prospects for the development of nationalism in Japan, as well as the consequences of this process for the future of Japanese-Russian relations.

Key words: patriotism, nationalism, Shinto, Japanese nationalists, nationalism in foreign policy, terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.029

LU WANQING Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S INTERESTS IN CENTRAL ASIA

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of Russia's relations with the countries of Central and East Asia, special attention is paid to understanding the prospects for further cooperation, especially in the economic and military-strategic spheres. Thus, Russia's economic cooperation in oil, gas and energy trade with the countries of East Asia and the continuation of Eurasian economic integration with the countries of Central Asia form a positive economic "climate" between the regions and ensure stability and development prospects. This is a collaboration. But cooperation creates not only incentives for development, but also problems and challenges.

Key words: Russia, Central Asia, East Asia, foreign policy, geopolitical interests, development of Russia and China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.030

E.A. MOSAKOVA Сandidate of Economics, Associate professor, Associate professor at the Department of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

I.A. ZOLOTAREV PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE: CHALLENGES ON THE ROAD TO BECOMING A WORLD CURRENCY

Cryptocurrency has become a popular form of money in a short period of time, primarily for such properties as anonymity and decentralization. Today, the decentralized cryptocurrency market is already a major competitor to the banking system. In addition, the blockchain technology itself can coordinate various human activities. The article is devoted to the current problems associated with the use of cryptocurrencies in the international finance. It could be concluded that they will be able to claim the role of a world currency in the medium termprovided the harmonization of the essential and inextricable independence of cryptocurrencies with the realities of the modern financial system.

Key words: cryptocurrency, exchange rate volatility, cryptocurrency regulation, security, backing, fiat money, financial transactions, financial sphere, means of payment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.031

A.E. MURAVYEVA Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

EGYPT'S ROLE IN RESOLVING THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT

The key factor in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is not only agreements between world leaders and hegemonic countries, but also neighboring countries, for which a stable situation in the region is a necessary factor for economic and political stability. The purpose of our research is to identify Egypt's role in stabilizing the Palestinian-Israeli conflict; Accordingly, the subject of the study is Egypt’s activities in this direction.

Key words: world politics, Egypt, world economy, foreign policy, Palestinian-Israeli conflict, world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.032

A.A. NOVITSKAYA Bachelor's student of the Faculty of International relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

D.S. TULUPOV Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International relations, lecturer at the Faculty of International Relations St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE PRINCIPLE OF NEUTRALITY OF THE SWISS CONFEDERATION THROUGH THE PRESS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

The purpose of the article is to identify the relevance of Switzerland's status as a neutral state in modern days through the prism of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Since the beginning of this conflict, Switzerland's neutrality status has been criticized by Russia for violating moral and economic neutrality, and by Western countries for insufficient resistance to aggression. The study uses the content analysis method, the historical-comparative method and the updating method. The author comes to the conclusion that despite Switzerland’s active involvement in the conflict, in fact it does not deviate from its status as a neutral state, given its open condemnation of Russia’s actions and adherence to economic sanctions.

Key words: law of neutrality, policy of neutrality, Swiss Confederation, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, military neutrality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.033

V.A. PRIVALOV Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY DURING PERIODS OF THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT ESCALATION

Ethnopolitical conflicts in modern reality are not limited to the participation of only warring parties; a significant role in these conflicts is assigned to third parties – states that have certain geopolitical interests and/or pursue corresponding goals in a particular ethnopolitical conflict and the mechanisms for its resolution. One of such conflicts in the post-Soviet space is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which affects the security of the entire South Caucasus region. The main participants in the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh are not only Armenia and Azerbaijan, but also two external players – Russia and Turkey, which not only have their own goals and interests in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone, but also mutual relations – a balance between cooperation and competition – In throughout the South Caucasus region. The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of relations between Russia and Turkey during periods of escalation of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The article analyzes the geopolitical relations between Russia and Turkey as a whole, highlighting approaches to their definition – neorealist and constructivist. The relations of Russia and Turkey with the direct participants in the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh – Azerbaijan and Armenia – are considered. The contradictions between Russia and Turkey during the escalation of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 are identified, and the vectors of relations between Russia and Turkey in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 2023 are highlighted. It is concluded that the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and periods of its escalation determined the cyclical development of relations between Russia and Turkey, within which the parties used the approach of “pragmatic partnership” to resolve their foreign policy differences.

Key words: Ethnopolitical conflicts, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, relations between Russia and Turkey, geopolitical relations, pragmatic partnership, foreign policy disagreements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.021

D.V. SAPRYNSKAIA Research Fellow, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

BETWEEN THE CENSUS OF 1897 AND 1926: SOME ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article examines the process of transformation of the population of the Kazakh SSR based on the first population census in 1897 and during the Soviet period in 1926. The main focus of the work is to highlight key differences in census data on ethnic, labor, educational and other factors. It is concluded that despite a number of identified shortcomings, the 1897 census serves as an important source of socio-demographic data on the population of the Russian Empire.

Key words: people, Kazakhstan, number, ethnic composition, Uighurs, Dungans.

SCIENTIFIC CONVERSATIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.034

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Russian political scientist and politician, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE SUBJECT FIELD POLITICAL SCIENCE

   
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