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OUR AUTHORS

ABRAMOVA O.D. – Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor Chair of politology and political management Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

BORBODOEV J.M. – Ph.D.(pedagogical sciences), working for the doctoral degree at the Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.

BORTNIKOV S.P. – Samara national research university named academic S.P. Korolev, Samara, Russia.

DANILOVA E.A. – Ph.D. (political science), doctoral candidate, philosophy faculty, National research Tomsk state university, Tomsk, Russia.

DARVAY R.V. – post-graduate student at the Department of national and federal relations at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Moscow, Russia.

DUISHENALIEVA A.D. – PhD (political science), assistant professor, Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek.

EMIROV R.M. – PhD (political sciences), Moscow, Russia.

FROLOV A.A. – Candidate of Political Sciences, assistant, Department of Social and Political Theories, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.

KARSANOVA E.S. – Doctor of Political Science Professor at the Department of Government and Public Administration Odintsovo branch of MGIMO University, Odintsovo (Moscow region), Russia.

KLIMCHUK V.I. – post-graduate student at the Department of national and federal relations at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Moscow, Russia.

KONDRAHINA A.S. – PhD student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

KULNAZAROVA A.V. – graduate student of Social and Political Sciences, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Russia, St. Petersburg.

LEBEDEVA M.L. – PhD in politics, associate professor of the Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia.

MAREEVA Y.A. – Postgraduate student of the Department of international journalism of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federations, Moscow, Russia.

MEDVEDEV N.P. – Doctor of political sciences, Professor at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

MIKHAYLENKO A.N. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

MURZAGALEEV B.R. – the post-graduate student of Philosophy and Political Science Department of the Bashkir state university, an expert at the Center for Geopolitical Studies "Berlek-unity", Ufa, Russia.

MUSTAFA D.A. – Post-graduate student Chair of political analysis and management, Russian Peoples ' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

NJEGOŠ MANOJLOVIC – Post-graduate student Foreign Relations Department Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia.

OCHERETYANY A.A. – PhD (history), Professor Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.

SARDARYAN G.T. – PhD (political sciences), Deputy Director, International Institute of Administration, MGIMO of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia.

SARUKHANYAN D.M. – Master of cultural studies, Sochi, Russia.

SHAKHOV S.K. – the candidate of political Sciences, Vice-rector of DIRO, Makhachkala, Russia.

SHULENINA N.V. – PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

SLIZOVSKIY D.E. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

SOKOLOV D.V. – Lipetsk branch of the Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SOKOLOV A.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Social and Political Theories, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.

SULEYMANOV A.R. – candidate of political sciences, doctoral candidate, Department of national and federal relations at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Ufa, Russia.

URANYAN A.A. – post-graduate student at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

VLASOV M.S. – Student Chair of political analysis and management, Russian Peoples ' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

VOSKANYAN S.S. – D.Sc. (political sciences), professor of department of public administration and political science of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd Branch, Volgograd, Russia.

GeleranskiyPS
КАК СДЕЛАТЬ РОССИЮ МНОГОЛЮДНОЙ?

 

История показала и подтвердила с достаточной наглядностью: великие крушения и исчезновения народов воз­никают из духовно-религиозных кри­зисов, которые выражаются прежде всего в разложении семьи.

Иван Александрович Ильин

 

Представьте себе Россию, в которой проживают 300 млн. человек через 50 лет, 600 млн. через 100 лет и 1,5 млрд. через 150 лет! Как такое возможно?

Еще в 1906 г. Д.И. Менделеев опубликовал труд под названием «К позна­нию России», в котором по результатам первой переписи населения 1897 г., когда в России было 128,2 млн. чел., сделал прогноз численности населения на 2000 г. в 594,3 млн. чел.!

Интересно, что такой же прогноз на середину XX века он сделал для США. По его подсчетам в США население к этому времени должно было достигнуть численности в 180 млн. человек. Его прогноз сбылся с высокой точностью, т.к. в 1959 году население США достигло 179 млн.! А вот для нашей страны - нет из-за революции, войн и советского периода репрессий. Поэтому мы можем утверждать, что его рассуждения являются верными.

Сейчас, в 2015 г., население России составляет 146,2 млн. чел. До не­давних пор население в нашей стране год за годом неуклонно сокращалось. Россия проигрывает в конкуренции с другими многолюдными державами в приросте населения. В то же время, ее огромная территория не может быть неинтересной тем странам, где нет столько пространств. Проблема со­хранения нашей страны как государства, ее территориальной целостности в связи с депопуляцией населения, стоит очень остро.

На следующий год после развала СССР, в 1992 г., рождаемость в России упала ниже уровня простого воспроизводства. В настоящий момент она со­ставляет, по разным оценкам, от 1,4 до 1,6 ребенка на женщину. Идет про­цесс депопуляции, или, иными словами, вымирания страны. Минимум рож­дений - или 1,3 ребенка на женщину - пришелся на 2002 год.

По прогнозам Росстата в 2010-2030 гг. ежегодная убыль будет составлять 485 тыс. человек в год. К 2050 г. в России может проживать уже 112 млн. человек. Российская Федерация, как и любая страна в мире, сталкивается со старением населения, что приведет впоследствии к сокращению числа людей в трудоспособном возрасте. Это повлечет за собой увеличение со­циальных расходов, что может привести к проблемам с выплатой пенсий и других социальных пособий.

Увеличение рождаемости в 2000-х годах связано с последним демогра­фическим всплеском - бэби-бумом 80-х гг. Рост рождаемости, о котором говорила российская власть недавно, связан с послевоенным всплеском рождаемости. Послевоенные дети выросли и через 20-25 лет породили еще один «производный», но уже затухающий всплеск.

Конечно, власть разумно поспешила продлить этот всплеск и стимули­ровать в будущем новый. Так, она ввела материнский капитал, понимая, что естественное «окно демографических возможностей» закрывается.

Материнский капитал - это очень хорошо. Но сам по себе, без постоян­ных дополнительных мер, он существенно не поменяет демографическую ситуацию. Есть исследования, проводившиеся в скандинавских странах, подтверждающие это.

Интересна сама причина демографических проблем, в чем же она?

Хотя немногие об этом задумываются, существующая пенсионная систе­ма (распределительно-накопительная) ведет к снижению рождаемости. Этому есть простое объяснение, однако необходимо сделать некоторые пояснения.

Какая взаимосвязь между демографией и пенсионной системой, которая всего лишь социальный и экономический инструмент в руках государства?

Ныне ситуация с рождаемостью изменилась и начался незначительный, но прирост населения, однако, «демографическая яма» никуда не делась. Положение в демографии создает острую проблему дефицита Пенсионного

Фонда России (ПФР), которому нужны постоянные вливания из государ­ственного бюджета.

Данный дефицит в ближайшем будущем будет только увеличиваться и никакие прежние усилия, экстренные меры, вливания из бюджета, мора­торий на перевод пенсионных накоплений в НПФ, введение пенсионных баллов и новых коэффициентов в пенсионной формуле или даже вообще отказ от накопительной пенсии не помогут. Почему? Потому что существу­ющая в России распределительная пенсионная система даже теоретически не сможет обеспечить профицит бюджета ПФР.

Распределительная система означает, по-простому, что нынешнее тру­доспособное население платит за нынешних пенсионеров.

Советник председателя ПФР В. Вьюницкий еще в 2004 году, когда вво­дилась накопительная составляющая трудовой пенсии по старости, гово­рил: «Критичным для распределительной системы является момент, когда на одного пенсионера приходится менее двух работающих, оптимальнее всего она функционирует при соотношении 1:3. В Российской Федерации к 2000 году на одного пенсионера приходилось 1,6 работающих. В пер­спективе, линейно экстраполируя в будущее демографические тенденции сегодняшнего дня, к началу 30-х годов XXI века, их соотношение должно измениться в положительную сторону, тем не менее, до соотношения 1:3 и близко не дотянет. Но даже и в этой, к лучшему изменившейся демографи­ческой ситуации, уже к началу 20-х годов, без прямых дотаций государства вся распределительная система «с грохотом бы рухнула».

Итак, примем, что оптимальное соотношение в распределительной си­стеме: 1 пенсионер на 3-х работающих. В 1960-е гг. в России на 1-го пенси­онера было 10 работающих, в 1970-е гг. - 5 работающих, в 1980-е гг. - уже 4 работающих, в 1989 г. - 3,3 работающих, в 2015 г. - 1,18 работающих, в 2030 г. - будет 0,98 работающих. К 2050 г. на 2-х пенсионеров будет 1 ра­ботающий! Это, полагаю, будет означать полный коллапс распределитель­ной пенсионной системы, а также крах социальных обязательств государ­ства, дефолт и банкротство самого государства.

Накопительная система для отдельно взятого человека прозрачнее рас­пределительной в том смысле, что человек знает: сколько накопил на пен­сию, такой размер пенсии и получил. Однако, демографическую ситуацию она только ухудшает.

У нынешних пенсионеров почти нет накопительной пенсии (наследие распределительной советской системы), в то же время государству, в силу демографических тенденций, следовало срочно искать выход и вводить на­копительную систему хотя бы в пользу будущих поколений. Как это сделать, не допуская социального взрыва? Если все начнут копить, кто, в условиях «демографической ямы», будет платить пенсию нынешним пенсионерам?

Поэтому в 2003 г. было решено ввести частичную накопительную систему, т.е. часть пенсионных отчислений отправлять на накопительный счет работа­ющего человека. Сейчас (в 2015 г.) работодатель отправляет 6% от зарплаты сотрудника на накопительную пенсию и 16% - на страховую (распределительную) пен­сию. Об этих отчислениях большинство работающих вообще не знает, т.к. они проходят «мимо» человека. В силу компромиссности данной меры, когда од­новременно приходится платить текущие пенсии и накапливать на будущие, а, в то же время, работающего населения чисто арифметически не хватает, это решение закономерно привело к серьезному дефициту ПФР.

Так в чем же одна из причин демографического кризиса в нашей стране, депопуляции, снижения рождаемости, и связанного с ними дефицита ПФР и отсюда потенциального дефолта и банкротства государства в будущем?

Причина очень проста - иметь детей экономически невыгодно. Боль­шинство семей в России малодетны. Взрослые дети живут в основном от­дельно и самостоятельно от родителей. Стимулов платить пенсию родите­лям, т.е. прямо их содержать - у детей мало. Социальные отчисления (в том числе и в Пенсионный Фонд России) неоправданно высоки. Детям, как пра­вило, неоткуда брать достаточно средств для помощи родителям.

Кроме того, в результате мощной распределительной системы сложил­ся стереотип, что за пенсию родителей отвечает государство, что родители сами заработали такую пенсию, а ребенку надо на свою пенсию копить. Т.е. сегодняшняя пенсионная система рвет веками сложившуюся экономи­ческую зависимость и связь родителей и детей.

Выдающийся советский демограф В.А. Борисов в работе «Перспек­тивы рождаемости в России» еще в 1976 году писал, что «причина пере­хода от многодетности к однодетности лежит в историческом изменении функции семьи, утратой хозяйственной функции, потерей экономической зависимости благосостояния родителей от числа и качества детей, а также с появлением государственной пенсионной системы, делающей ненужными детей как опоры в старости».

Понимание этой закономерности дает возможность решить демографи­ческую проблему через введение «транзитной или семейной пенсионной системы».

Что такое «транзитная или семейная пенсионная система», которая есть альтернатива ныне существующей? ПФР при такой системе выполня­ет транзитную функцию между родителями и их детьми. В то же время, это совмещение, сочетание двух подходов к пенсионному обеспечению -накопительного и распределительного.

Первый, когда человек сам себе копит через пенсионный фонд на свою пенсию.

Второй, когда существует традиционная семейная пенсионная система. Это когда дети являлись живой пенсией своих родителей при аграрном укла­де хозяйства. Еще 150 лет назад наша страна была преимущественно аграр­ной, и в каждой семье было в среднем по 7-10 детей. Но сейчас в России пре­имущественно не аграрное население и такая система не работает. Но есть решение, которое вбирает в себя все положительные моменты всех типов пенсионных систем.

Необходимо создать экономическую связь (зависимость) между достат­ком родителей на пенсии и числом и качеством их детей путем отчисления пенсионных налогов (страховых взносов) детей на личные накопительные счета родителей.

Личная выгода, как говорит исследователь В. Акпаров, играла и игра­ет роль мощного способа создания мотивации любого поведения. Личная «выгода» от существования детей диаметрально изменит и репродуктивное поведение родителей. Рожать детей куда доступнее для большинства, чем делать карьеру, престижнее и безопаснее, чем вести асоциальную жизнь, а выгода может быть очень существенной, особенно, если дети добьются социально-экономического успеха.

Из-за того, что средства, потраченные на воспитание и содержание де­тей, не возвращаются с немедленной прибылью, да зачастую и вообще не возвращаются, родители предпочитают вкладывать их привычным для со­временного общества способом - в карьерный рост, в недвижимость, в соб­ственное образование. В прошлом большая семья называлась «крепкой», а сейчас о тех, кто собирается рожать, отзываются: «плодят нищету».

Однако, конечно, нельзя подходить к воспитанию детей только с точки зрения материальной выгоды. Об этом пишет русский философ И.А. Ильин в своей работе «О воспитании в грядущей России», где говорится о духовно-нравственном ключе образования детей: «Новой России предстоит вырабо­тать себе новую систему национального воспитания и от верного разрешения этой задачи будет зависеть ее будущий исторический путь. . Россия выйдет из того кризиса, в котором она находится, и возродится к новому творчеству и новому расцвету. ... Нужно новое воспитание: в свободе и к свободе; -в любви и к любви: - в предметности и к предметности. Новые поколения русских людей должны воспитываться к сердечной и предметной свободе. Эта директива - на сегодня, и на завтра, и на века. Это единственно-верный и главный путь, ведущий к расцвету русского духа»1.

Суть семейной пенсионной системы в участии детей в доходах соб­ственных родителей, чтобы дети вновь начали приносить доход родителям. Именно в этом случае многодетность целесообразна в существующей ры­ночной экономике. Семейная пенсионная система в течение 30-50 лет вер­нет рождаемость до 3-4 детей на семью, а через 100 лет доведет ее до уровня 7 детей на семью, который существовал в России 100 лет назад. Эта система позволяет регулировать и, тем самым, задавать оптимальный по ситуации уровень рождаемости в стране. ПФР выполняет при этом транзитную роль между детьми и их родителями.

Основные, по мнению автора, необходимые моменты транзитной или семейной пенсионной реформы:

  1. Пенсионная система в нынешнем виде, в т.ч. страховая и накопи­тельная пенсия, не меняется. Для ее сохранения пенсионные отчисления от первенца в семье и от всех детей, родившихся до 31 декабря 201... года, как и раньше, поступают в ПФР и распределяются среди существующих пенсионеров.

  2. Пенсионные взносы вторых и последующих детей, родившихся после 31 декабря 201. года, целиком перечисляются на накопительный пенсион­ный счет родителей в ПФР, который, в свою очередь, обязан отправлять эти средства поровну каждому из родителей. Пополнение счета продолжается, в том числе, и в период выхода родителя на пенсию. Если родитель выбрал негосударственный пенсионный фонд (НПФ) или частную управляющую компанию (УК) для инвестирования своей накопительной части трудовой пенсии, то эти средства ПФР отправляет туда. Таким образом, происходит отказ от распределительной системы в нынешнем ее виде.

  3. ПФР, принимает во внимание граждан, состоящих в браке, и пере­числяет пенсионные взносы от обоих супругов поровну родителям каждого из них. Этим решится проблема неработающих замужних женщин, которые будут заняты воспитанием детей, и их родители не лишатся пенсий.

  4. При невозможности иметь детей по медицинским причинам и при невозможности усыновить чужого ребенка, например, болезнь, нездоровая психика, доходы, не позволяющие воспитать и прокормить приемного ре­бенка и др., человеку назначается пенсия по инвалидности. Откуда берется пенсия по инвалидности? Если один из родителей умер, а ребенок все еще делает отчисления в ПФР, то образуется специальный фонд, для выплаты такой пенсии.

  5. Средства накопительной пенсии родителей наследуются в обычном установленном законом порядке.

  6. Через 50 лет или раньше необходимо отказаться от п. 1.

Введя принципы транзитной пенсионной системы можно решить про­блему дефицита ПФР навсегда и навсегда забыть о его дотировании из госу­дарственного бюджета, решить проблему пенсий.

Улучшается ситуация с разводами. Сейчас 80% браков распадается. Теперь мужчина трижды подумает о своем материальном благополучии, прежде чем бросить жену с ребенком. А для матерей-одиночек появляется шанс найти себе нового мужа. Чем больше у женщины детей, тем более обе­спечена старость нового мужа, тем завиднее невеста.

Произойдет стремительный рост собираемости налогов. Недоплата на­логов означает, что пенсия родителя будет меньше. Родители могут лучше любых государственных органов влиять на детей, чтобы они работали там, где платятся налоги.

Снизится преступность, потому что выгодно воспитывать законопос­лушных граждан, которые не сидят в тюрьме, а получают хорошие доходы честным путем.

Увеличится патриотизм, а утечка мозгов остановится, потому что работа ребенка за рубежом означает для родителя голодную старость. Воспитание патриотизма будет одной из главных задач родителя.

Государству не нужно вводить «пенсионные баллы» и специальные «коэффициенты» в пенсионную формулу, чтобы подстраховаться на слу­чай кризисных годов, когда всем пенсионерам можно будет снизить пен­сию одним лишь изменением коэффициента в формуле или в стоимостном выражении пенсионных баллов. В транзитной пенсионной системе пенсия платится теми деньгами, которые заработал или накопил ребенок для своего родителя, а значит, такие ухищрения не нужны.

Как быть тем, у кого нет детей? Или бездетным погибать от голода? Часто есть возможность взять приемного ребенка на воспитание. Помимо прочего, нужно различать причины бездетности. Медицинские проблемы -это одно. Тогда можно назначить пенсию по инвалидности. А жизнь в свое удовольствие без детей - это другое. Эти люди должны понимать, что жить в свое удовольствие стоит дорого. Если человек достаточно обеспечен ма­териально и он понимает, что его состояния хватит минимум на 20-30 лет старости или даже больше, то, конечно, он может позволить себе быть без­детным. Принцип солидарности поколений не должен быть анонимным, как сейчас, он должен быть персонифицированным.

В детских домах не останется тогда детей. Их начнут оттуда усиленно разбирать. И не только из отечественных, но и из зарубежных. Сейчас остро стоит проблема детдомовских и беспризорных детей. Их количество в со­временной России уже превысило уровень непосредственно после Граж­данской войны. Это указывает на системный сбой отношения к детям в со­временном обществе.

Проблема абортов, с которой связан ряд нравственных вопросов, будет улучшаться естественным путем. Только за период 1960-2008 гг. суммар­но сделано более 185 млн. абортов. Это больше, чем все население России сейчас и больше, чем унесла Великая Отечественная Война. Получается, некоторые взрослые боятся своих детей как разбойников, от которых надо убегать. Семейная пенсионная система кардинально меняет эту ситуацию в лучшую сторону.

Ребенок любой национальности, выросший в российской семье, для ко­торого русский язык станет родным, будет считать себя настоящим граж­данином России, а Россию считать своей родиной. Будет любить эту страну и будет настоящим патриотом. Как говорил известный философ И.А. Ильин: «Родина не есть то место на земле, где я родился, произошел на свет от отца и матери, или где я «привык жить»; но то духовное место,где я родился духом и откуда я исхожу в моем жизненном творчестве. И если я считаю моей родиной - Россию, то это означает, что я по-русски люблю, созерцаю и думаю, по-русски пою и говорю; что я верю в духовные силы русского народа и принимаю его историческую судьбу своим инстинктом и своею волею. Его дух - мой дух; его судьба - моя судьба; его страдания -мое горе; его расцвет - моя радость»2.

И.А. Ильин считает, что только с Божией помощью возможно возрожде­ние России. Воспитание детей в духовно-нравственном ключе должно стать новой национальной идеей.

Возвращаясь к теме рождаемости, становится понятно, что ее уровень связан со сферой экономики и стоит, в том числе в прямой зависимости от восстановления утраченной экономической связи между детьми и роди­телями, а этот вопрос находится сугубо в компетенции государства, которое может использовать пенсионную систему как инструмент.

Сделать Россию многолюдной и увеличить ее население до 300 млн. че­рез 50 лет, до 600 млн. через 100 лет и до 1,5 млрд. через 150 лет - не просто, а очень просто.

Ссылки:

1 Ильин И.А. Наши задачи. Историческая судьба и будущее России. Статьи 1948-1954 годов. В 2-х т. - М.: МП «Рарог», 1992.

2 Ильин И.Л. Путь духовного обновления: О семье / Сост. Ю.Т. Лисица, собр. соч. в 10 т. - Т. 1. - М.: «Русская книга», 1996.

 

БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК:

  1. Акпаров В.Х. Об обратимости демографического перехода. Конферен­ция: IV Очередной Всероссийский социологический конгресс. Социология и общество: глобальные вызовы и региональное развитие // http://www.isras.ru/files/File/congress2012/part37.pdf

  2. Алешковский И.А. Демографический кризис как угроза национальной безопасности России // Век глобализации. - 2012. - Выпуск № 2 (10) // http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/147957/

  3. Борисов В.А. Перспективы рождаемости: монография. - М.: Стати­стика, 1976.

  4. Вишневский А.Г., Андреев Е.М. Население России в первой половине нового века // Вопросы экономики. - 2001. - № 1.

  5. Вьюницкий В. Пенсионная реформа от и до..., от 12 октября 2004 г. // http://www.fundshub.ru/pension/future_retired/4329.php

  6. Госкомстат. Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2015 года и в среднем за 2014 год (опубликовано 17.03.2015) // http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/Popul2015.xls

  7. Иерей Николай Савченко: В СССР каждый день можно было покра­сить Московский Кремль кровью от абортов // Газета «МонархистЪ», № 76, Санкт-Петербург, год 2011 // http://monarhist.info/newspaper/article/76/907

  8. ИльинИ.Л. Путь духовного обновления: О семье / Сост. Ю.Т. Лисица, собр. соч. в 10 т. - Т. 1. - М.: «Русская книга», 1996.

  9. ИльинИ.А. Наши задачи. Историческая судьба и будущее России. Ста­тьи 1948-1954 годов. В 2-х т. - М.: МП «Рарог», 1992.

  10. Медведев Н.П. Антикризисная политика по-российски // Вопросы политологии. - 2011. - № 4.

  11. Менделеев Д.И. К познанию России. - С.-Петербургъ: издание А.С. Суворина, 1906.

  12. Население России 2000. Восьмой ежегодный демографический до­клад. - М., 2001.

  13. Население России 2001. Девятый ежегодный демографический до­клад. - М., 2002.

  14. Путилов С. Пенсионеры обеднеют быстрее работающих // Новые известия. 14.09.2012 г. // http://www.newizv.ru/economics/2012-09-14/169789-pensionery-obednejut-bystree-rabotajushih.html

 

 

П.С. ГЕЛЕРАНСКИЙ

2015 г., - кандидат политических наук, докторант Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ

Россия, г. Москва

 

 

Опубликовано в журнале ВОПРОСЫ ПОЛИТОЛОГИИ • Выпуск 2(18) • 2015

 

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 2 (22), 2016.

CONTENTS

PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS

  • Bekh V.P. Philosophical Reflection over the Subject of Political Science

MODERN POLITICAL PROCESS

  • Goncharov P.K. The Crimea is Russian: new Emphasis in the System of Arguments
  • Glebov V.A., Аmiantov A.A. New Possibilities of the Parliamentary Factions to Deprive Deputies of the State Duma of their Mandates
  • Sarkarova J.S. Political Modernization of the North Caucasus Republics in the Socio-Cultural Dimension
  • Каlinin I.S. Formation of the Political Agenda and Political Discourse in the Framework of Annual Address of the President of the Russian Federation

PROBLEMS OF SOCIOLOGY

  • Аrtykbaeva A.A. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Study of the Kyrgyz Identity
  • Borbodoev J.M., Аrtykbaeva A.A. Development of Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Study of Identity and Identification Issues

ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES

  • Аmiantov A.A., Volobuyev K.V. Modern problems of information policy in the context of national security
  • Кrenvalk A.A. Political Blogs as a Means of Political Influence
  • Valeeva R.A. Political Importance of the International OSCE ODIHR Observation over the Election Process in Kyrgyzstan
  • Tikhonova L.E. Features of Electoral Activity of Citizens during Regional Elections in the Russian Federation (from 2013 to 2015)
  • Galliamova A.A. Political Technologies of the Party Upgrade - Formation of the Russian Model of the Primaries

ETHNO-POLITICAL PROCESSES AND CONFLICTS

  • Pryakhin V.F. Prospects for Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Resolution after the Escalation of Violence in April, 2016
  • Suleymanov A.R. Ethno-Political Semiotics of the Federated Region
  • Zhigulina O.V. To the Issue of Migrant Integration in Russia
  • Vysotskiy A.V. Ethno-nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism in the Volga Region Republics
  • Аminov I.R. Role of Regional Elites in the Ethnic Regional Conflicts of the Russian Streaming Space Region

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND NATIONAL SECURITY

  • Zaluzhniy A.G., Boyko P.A. Politico-Legal Problems of Increase of Efficiency of Struggle Against Transnational Criminality
  • Chan Hyu Тhan, Sarukhanyan V.O. Basic Causes for Current Phenomenon of Corruption in Vietnam
  • Danilova E.A. Innovation Policy in Defense Industry and its Communicative Represantation as a Basis of Russian National Branding
  • Uranyan A.A. International Cooperation in the Struggle against Terrorism at the Modern Stage: Problems and Prospects
  • Ilyinova K.G. Role of the Verkhovna Rada in Political Processes of Ukraine (2013-2015)
  • Моrozov A.I. The Delimitation as a Factor of International Dialogue in the Arctic
  • Skorobogatova A.V. International Anti-Corruption Initiatives
  • Babkin N.I. Russia and NATO: confrontational model of interaction
  • Borkhsenius A.V. Misinformation as a Technology of an Information-Psychological Warfare. Fake and Anti-Fake

Our authors 2-2016

PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS

V.P. BEKH Doctor of Sciences (Philosophy), Professor, Merited Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION OVER THE SUBJECT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

In the article, the author says that political science as an independent branch of general scientific knowledge, despite the long history of existence, is experiencing considerable difficulties in the formalization of the boundaries of its subject and justification of its self-development mechanism. Today, these problems are particularly acute in connection with the need to build an effective mechanism for self-regulation of social life, especially in the CIS countries.

Key words: politology, science, subject, political thinking, the institutionalization of the subject of politology.

MODERN POLITICAL PROCESS

P.K. GONCHAROV Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Deputy Director of the Branch of the Russian State Social University in the town of Lyubertsy on scientific work, Russia, Moscow

THE CRIMEA IS RUSSIAN: NEW EMPHASIS IN THE SYSTEM OF ARGUMENTS

The article deals with the analysis of political and legal assessment of the Crimea joining Russia. Some measures are suggested to upgrade the system of arguments in favor of this action in order to encourage its international support.

Key words: international law, peoples’ right to self-determination, principle of territorial integrity of states, nation, national development, referendum, system of arguments.

V.А. GLEBOV Ph.D. (law), Assistant Professor, Deputy Head of the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

А.А. АMIANTOV Ph.D. (political sciences), assistant professor at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

NEW POSSIBILITIES OF THE PARLIAMENTARY FACTIONS TO DEPRIVE DEPUTIES OF THE STATE DUMA OF THEIR MANDATES

The article deals with the freedom and the imperative of the parliamentary mandate and new legislative initiatives aimed at strengthening the requirements to discipline parliamentarians and giving greater powers to parliamentary factions connected with the deprivation of the State Duma deputies of their status.

Key words: the parliamentary mandate, the imperative and freedom of the mandate, political faction, parliamentary discipline, parliamentary immunity.

J.S. SARKAROVA Phd (Political Science), Acting Head of the Department "Legal Management Software" of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

POLITICAL MODERNIZATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS REPUBLICS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSION

The article attempts to identify and analyze some, in the author's opinion, the most important factors that have a more or less significant impact on the political modernization, system and structure components of the political regimes in the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District. It is shown that among these factors a key role plays socio-cultural and politico-cultural matrix in which, despite all the successes achieved by the peoples of the region on the way to the adoption and implementation of values, institutions, relations, rules of the game of political democracy, still a significant place continue to hold traditional ethnic and cultural, group, collectivist, clientelistic, clan and other values and attitudes.

Key words: Russia, North Caucasus, values, region, republic, policy, power, democracy, political culture, and others.

I.S. КАLININ post-graduate student at the Chair of philosophy and politology at the Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AGENDA AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Peculiarities of political agenda depend on the conceptual representations by the current establishment of the features of the state development. The President's annual address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation makes it possible to implement the function of turning the agenda into political reality.

The article demonstrates peculiarities of formation of the political agenda in the framework of the discursive bases for the development of the annual presidential address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Key words: President’s address, political agenda, president, the Federal Assembly, constitution, government, problematic field, discourse.

PROBLEMS OF SOCIOLOGY

А.А. АRTYKBAEVA lecturer at the Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF THE KYRGYZ IDENTITY

The actuality of the Kyrgyz identity investigation is connected with forming of common civil identity of different ethnos and social groups in democratic conditions. The model forming of solving one of the complex questions of poly-ethnical and confessional society in Kyrgyzstan is how different ethnic groups should live together in unitary state and form Kyrgyz identity. Hence the study of interethnic relations, working out categorical apparatus in investigation of these real processes is necessary as well as in theory and practice. The cognition of the main theoretical and methodological aspects of national, interethnic relations during post- Soviet period is peculiar for these researches. The researches are interested what ethno national and civil identity represent in conditions of transitional and post- transitional periods from socialistic public relations to a new political democracy.

On the bases of historical and political analysis the author made an analysis of peculiarities of Kyrgyz community philosophy for the last years. Special attention is paid to the research of ethnos evolution, interethnic relations and ethnic policy. Great attention is devoted to problems of Kyrgyz identification, which is determined by the following levels. The first level is determined by the formation of Kyrgyz nation as unified of civil and political community. The second is connected with national identity of the Kyrgyz. Hence the modern identification is effective in all spheres of public life.

Key words: identity, national identity, Kyrgyz identity, civil identity, race relations, ethnic groups, poly- ethnical society.

J.M. BORBODOEV Ph.D.(pedagogical sciences), working for the doctoral degree at the Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

А.А. АRTYKBAEVA lecturer at the Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF IDENTITY AND IDENTIFICATION ISSUES

A lot of theoretical and methodological identity problems and identification processes in poly- ethnic societies are worked out by West scientists, especially by psychologists. They point out that identity gets its expression due to another identity that can contradict it and hence to dialogue with it in which there is not one but at least two ways; from and to yourself. As a result they came to the following conclusion concerning identity:

– expression of its belonging to a world which is given the status of existence and that is the condition of continuing and restating the life;

– foundation for communicating and discussing where the essence of unique existence of personality is reflected in reality and in the process of its development.

Great interest concerning questions of identity problems is directed to analysis of socio-political relations with confessional psychology influencing the process of forming national identity. Western researches pay peculiar attention to the investigation of ethno- national identity and inter-ethnic conflicts. Considering nation phenomena they take into account psychological relations between people, devotion and loyalty to own national community uniting them and opposing to others. Supporters of psychological identity worked out extended identity theory. They defined identity in the following ways: as inner regularity and identity of a person to his own ethnos, historical status and so on.

There are the following types in theoretical development of Western researches: normal identity; ethnic identity; ethno-dominating identity; ethnic fanaticism; ethnic indifference; ethno- nihilism.

Key words: identity, identification, nation, race relations, ethnos, ethno national identity, ethnic indifference, civil identity.

ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES

А.А. АMIANTOV Ph.D. (political sciences), assistant professor at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

К.V. VOLOBUYEV student at the Chair of media and information literacy and media education (UNESCO) at the Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL SECURITY

The article dwells upon theoretical postulates and practical application of the state information policy.

Key words: information policy, state information policy, the Russian information policy concept, the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation.

А.А. КRENVALK student at the Chair of media and information literacy and media education (UNESCO), Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL BLOGS AS A MEANS OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE

This article seeks to analyze political blogs in terms of their content using the blogs of two power figures V.I. Yakunin and S.M. Mironov as an example. The first part of the article consists of a short history of blogs: the date of their appearance, milestones in their development, person who have made a special contribution to the blogosphere, a brief description of the blogs, the kinds of platforms used for blogs, the first example of a political blog. The second part of the article is devoted to the personalities of the blog authors, who through the most frequently mentioned topics permit their readers to understand the purpose of blogging by the author; to learn the topics it addresses; the frequency with which the blog is updated; the audience for which it is intended; the average size of a single blog entry; the form of information presentation; and the category to which the blog belongs.

Key words:

blog, blogosphere, Yakunin, Mironov, live journal, politics.

R.А. VALEEVA post-graduate student at the Chair of Politology and Political Philosophy, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL OSCE ODIHR OBSERVATION OVER THE ELECTION PROCESS IN KYRGYZSTAN

The article focuses on the political significance of the international OSCE ODIHR observation over the election process in Kyrgyzstan. The author highlights and describes characteristics of the role of the OSCE ODIHR observation mission over the 2015 parliamentary elections. Particular attention is paid to the legal framework and financial base of the functioning of the organization.

Key words: parliamentary and presidential elections, the electoral process, the biometric method of voting, the OSCE, Kyrgyzstan.

L.Е. TIKHONOVA working for the degree of the Candidate of Sciences at the Chair of Modern Russian History, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia

FEATURES OF ELECTORAL ACTIVITY OF CITIZENS DURING REGIONAL ELECTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (FROM 2013 TO 2015)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the electoral cycle from 2013 to 2015, during which a part of citizens demonstrated negative attitude towards the ongoing electoral campaigns. In connection with the expansion of the protest vote, the author suggests that a difference should be made between positive and negative votes, revealing factors that influence them. The author comes to the conclusion that the increase in turnout during the single voting day in 2014 was associated with the factors of foreign policy that influenced the change in the political agenda inside Russia (the reunification of the Crimea with Russia and, as a consequence, growth of patriotism and support of the President of the Russian Federation, as a result of which the elections were perceived as a referendum demonstrating trust to the head of the state).

The article concludes that the main problem of regional elections was not the low level of the voters’ turnout but an increase in the negative electoral activity. Such trend may be changed only through the use of a complex of measures aimed at enhancing the level of confidence in the institution of elections and countering the destructive propaganda.

Key words: electoral activity, the regional elections, the Russian state, public opinion, electoral campaigns.

А.А. GALLIAMOVA chief specialist of the party building Department of the Regional Executive Committee of the Bashkortostan regional branch of the All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA", Ufa, Russia

POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE PARTY UPGRADE - FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN MODEL OF THE PRIMARIES

The political transformations of today mean serious structural changes that occur commonly due to the higher complexity of socio-economic and political relations between interested actors. Application of the technology of primaries enables political forces to adapt to the challenges of our time with minimal losses and solve them in a timely manner.

The article discusses several aspects of the party upgrade through the introduction of primaries, a new technology for the Russian political practice. The author substantiates her position in favor of the institution of preliminary vote based on the results of the 2011 vote as well as the forecasts for the year 2016.

Key words: primaries, a preliminary vote, elections, political parties, party system, political technologies.

ETHNO-POLITICAL PROCESSES AND CONFLICTS

V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Club of Rome National Committee member Professor (Department of Area Studies and Foreign Policy, RSHU), Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT RESOLUTION AFTER THE ESCALATION OF VIOLENCE IN APRIL, 2016

Sudden escalation of violence in "frozen" Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone in April 2016 revived the interest of political scientists to this problem of modern international relations and stimulated researches of this important topic of conflict resolution research.

The author summarizes the experience of practical work on the Karabakh issue and offers a vision of the past, present and future of this conflict.

The main objective ot the author is to identify the relationship of the regional conflict with the global crisis of civilization and to underline the need for improved global governance for countering both local and global challenges.

Key words: "frozen" conflicts, conflict resolution, Nagorno-Karabakh settlement, peacebuilding, UN, OSCE, global governance, global problems, world order, sustainable development.

A.R. SULEYMANOV candidate of political sciences, doctoral candidate, Department of national and federal relations Russian Academy of national economy and state service under the President of Russia, Ufa, Russia

ETHNO-POLITICAL SEMIOTICS OF THE FEDERATED REGION

Any Federal region is a complex socio-cultural formation that exists in the Central-peripheral system and interacting with other actors in national and Federative relations. In recent years, the trend to the knowledge of the ethno-political nature as a multicultural state in whole and its separate regions becomes a subject of political studies regional science and other related scientific disciplines. In turn, this fact leads to a more detailed study of ethnopolitical image regions, and national and Federal processes arising from the operation of the image until the products ethnopolitical activities in a particular region.

Key words: region, national politics, semiotics, image, political regionalism, national and Federative relations, and code, semiosis, universe of the mind.

O.V. ZHIGULINA Post-graduate student of Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

TO THE ISSUE OF MIGRANT INTEGRATION IN RUSSIA

Problem of integration is analyzed in the context of current Russian migration policy. We consider how the focus of integration problems evolved during post-Soviet period. It is shown that with immigration policy accents gradually switching towards long-term immigration, together with the factor of reduced migration potential of CIS states, migrant integration will become increasingly important for sustainable development of Russian society. We argue that integration measures and programs should be designed taking into account migration policy and processes in general, as well as the basic objectives of economic, demographic and geopolitical development of Russia. Considerable attention is paid to the prospects of the implementation of selective principles in regulation of migration flows and to the implementation of a differentiated approach to the integration of migrants.

Key words: migrant integration, migration policy, integration policy, barriers to integration.

А.V. VYSOTSKIY PhD (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Deputy editor-in-chief of scientific journal "Eurasian Union: Problems of International Relations", Moscow, Russia

ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM IN THE VOLGA REGION REPUBLICS

In the article, the author studies the ethno-political situation in the Volga region. He analyzes the level of conflicts in the region, as well as the transformation of the ethno-political situation in the period from the Soviet times to the present day.

Key words: national policy, ethnic policy, political regionalistics, religious fundamentalism, Volga Region, subject of the Russian Federation, republic.

I.R. АMINOV Ph.D. (law), assistant professor at the Chair of State Law, Institute of Law, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

ROLE OF REGIONAL ELITES IN THE ETHNIC REGIONAL CONFLICTS OF THE RUSSIAN STREAMING SPACE REGION

The article deals with regional elites and elite transformation processes that result in both positive and negative trends for the whole society. The risk factors include processes stimulating vertical and horizontal mobility of elites as well as processes of the elite embeddedness in the Russian super-national federative state. Stability of regional societies and the state as a whole depends on the extent to which such factors will be taken into account.

Key words: region, elite, ethnos, ethno-political conflict, social capital, streaming space, information society, federation, the online community.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND NATIONAL SECURITY

A.G. ZALUZHNIY doctor of jurisprudence, the professor of the chair of legal maintenance of national safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

P.A. BOYKO post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICO-LEGAL PROBLEMS OF INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF STRUGGLE AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINALITY

Article is devoted politico-legal questions of the international cooperation in sphere of struggle against transnational criminality. The urgency of considered problems is caused by that today the transnational organized crime, is radically transformed in compliance with globalization processes, accumulates considerable material resources, expands spheres of the influence, gets into state bodies and financial and economic institutes of the various countries, is often closely connected with the terrorist and extremist organizations. On the basis of studying of the international documents and experience of interaction of the various countries in considered sphere the basic tendencies of development of the international cooperation in struggle against transnational crimes, ways of perfection of legal base of interaction of the states on counteraction of the international criminality are defined.

Key words: the international relations, cooperation of the states, safety of mankind, struggle against transnational criminality, a politico-legal mechanism of the international cooperation, international legal certificates.

CHAN HYU ТHAN post-graduate student at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Vietnam

V.О. SARUKHANYAN Ph.D. (law), assistant professor at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

BASIC CAUSES FOR CURRENT PHENOMENON OF CORRUPTION IN VIETNAM

Vietnamese Communist Party identified that the existing phenomenon of corruption in this country has become a national calamity, threatening the survival of the nation. By making contributions to raising awareness for fighting against corruption, the paper focuses on clarifying the current status and causes of corruption, thereby providing some suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the fighting against corruption in Vietnam.

Key words: corruption, phenomenon of corruption in Vietnam, causes of corruption, status of corruption.

E.A. DANILOVA Ph.D. (political science), doctoral candidate, philosophy faculty, National research Tomsk state university, Tomsk, Russia

INNOVATION POLICY IN DEFENSE INDUSTRY AND ITS COMMUNICATIVE REPRESANTATION AS A BASIS OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL BRANDING

Actuality of research theme is determined of current and potential global challenges and threats facing Russia. Consequently for strengthening of competitiveness it is necessary to work out a strategy of national branding. The goal of the article is exposure of its conceptual fundamentals based on Russian symbolic capital, current line of policy and external conjecture. An innovation discourse in positioning of Russia is analyzed; its perspectives and limits are defined. For overcoming of negative perception of innovation theme by target groups is offered a point adaptation of the innovation scenario for strategic Russian industries, which have a symbolic significance for recipients. One of such industries is historically and now defense one. Forming of innovation policy in Russian defense industry and visual representation of innovation achievements could construct an object field of the national branding strategy. Innovation activity of the subjects in defense industry, their innovation developments, start of knowledge-intensive manufactures could be information causes in the communicative strategy and influence on its effectiveness. National brand of defense industry could have a strong emotional impact both on internal and external target groups. At the same time even in conditions of geopolitical exertion international collaboration is possible in the dual technologies projects and could partly soften of the situation.

Key words: national branding, state positioning, innovations, defense industry, national safety, defense capacity, dual technologies, international collaboration.

А.А. URANYAN post-graduate student at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST TERRORISM AT THE MODERN STAGE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

International terrorism in modern development conditions on the world arena has become a real global threat to humanity, in fact, after the events of September 11, 2001 the extent of it largely increased, despite the announced by the US and NATO intensified fight against it, as well as activities of the entire international community, connected to the fight. This article analyzes the characteristics of the world approaches to counter-terrorism, the achieved results and suggests ways of its effectiveness improvement.

Key words: International terrorism, international community, confrontation and interstate cooperation.

К.G. ILYINOVA post-graduate student at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

ROLE OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA IN POLITICAL PROCESSES OF UKRAINE (2013-2015)

In article the role of the Verkhovna Rada in political processes which happened in Ukraine since November, 2013 is considered. The main attention is paid to research of a position of the Ukrainian parliament on domestic and foreign policy.

Key words: Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, political processes, president, parliament.

А.I. МОROZOVpost-graduate student at the Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Russian Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

THE DELIMITATION AS A FACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE IN THE ARCTIC

The article deals with the history of the intergovernmental dialogue on the issue of delimitation of the Arctic territories. The author makes the assumption that the existence of controversy in the Arctic should be considered not as a relationship problem, existence of controversy in the Arctic should be considered not as a relationship problem, but as a point of contact between the interests of concerned countries, as factors that contribute to enhancing international political process, the dialogue.

Key words: the Arctic, the delimitation of borders, intergovernmental dialoguе.

A.V. SKOROBOGATOVA graduate student State and Municipal Administration Chair People′s Friendship University of Russia Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION INITIATIVES

The article is devoted to the working of the international organizations which have purpose is to develop of fighting against corruption in different countries. The author reports the work of these organizations in a variety of conditions in many countries. The author comes to the conclusion that the analysis international anti-corruption initiatives would be useful for independently producing own anti-corruption program for many countries. No state has immune from corruption, but there are which cope with it more effectively.

Key words: corruption, international relations, international organizations, anti-corruption programs.

N.I. BABKIN Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND NATO: CONFRONTATIONAL MODEL OF INTERACTION

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of development of relations between Russia and NATO after the end of the "cold war." The author comes to the conclusion regarding the cyclical nature of relations between Russia and the Alliance, manifested in a series of conditional ups and downs with a distinct negative roll. In order to come to such conclusion, the authors use the method of historical analysis aimed at singling out links between specific events and their impact on the overall dynamics of the development of relations. They also determine the nature of the conflicts and the prospects for development of relations between Russia and NATO in the short and medium terms.

Key words: Russia, NATO, USA, Moscow, Brussels, Washington.

A.V. BORKHSENIUS post-graduate of the Department of Public Administration of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

MISINFORMATION AS A TECHNOLOGY OF AN INFORMATION-PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. FAKE AND ANTI-FAKE

The article takes a look at the role info-psychological warfare plays within globalization of informational sphere. It analyzes the adoption of misinformation by the state as a strategic tool for governance. The author elicits and describes new configurations of disinformation; it attempts to distinguish between what is fake and anti-fake.

Key words: globalization, information-psychological warfare, misinformation, mass media, fake, anti-fake.

OUR AUTHORS

AMINOV I.R. – PhD (law), Assistant Professor at the Chair of state law, Institute of Law, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia.

ANTONIO N. G. ANTONIO – post-graduate student of the Russian University of friendship of peoples, Luanda, Angola.

BACHAEV A.A. – post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of of National Economy and State Service, Director of the Chechen State broadcasting company "Grozny", Grozny, Russia.

BARRY HASSIMIU – post-graduate Student of the Department of Comparative Politics People’s Friendship University of Russia, Dakar, Senegal.

CHEBANENKO A.V. – post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of world politics and international relations of the Russian State Humanities University, Moscow, Russia.

DANILOVA E.A. – PhD (political science), doctoral candidate, philosophy faculty, National research Tomsk state university, Tomsk, Russia.

DAVYDOV V. N. – PhD (political science), Deputy Director of the Institute of modern politics PFUR, Moscow, Russia.

DUISHENALIEVA A.D. – PhD (political science), assistant professor, Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek.

EGOROVA E.N. – student field of study Political Science, the Bashkir state Academy of Public Administration and Management at the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia.

EMIROV R.M. – PhD (political sciences), Moscow, Russia.

GALIEVA S.I. – teacher depart. of jurisprudence, Kazan national research technological university, Kazan, Russia.

GALIEVA G.M. – teacher depart. оf jurisprudence, Kazan national research technological university, Kazan, Russia

.

IRKHIN Yu.V. – D.Sc. (philosophy), professor, Chair of Political Science and Political Governance, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chair of Theoretical and Applied Political Science, Russian State University of Humanities, Moscow, Russia.

IZILYAEVA L.O. – PhD (political science), assistant professor of the Department of Political Science, Sociology and Philosophy, the Bashkir state Academy of Public Administration and Management at the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia.

KAZAK KYZY NURGUL – PhD (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.

КRASNOV L.N. – post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of political analysis and management of the Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

KYRCHANOFF M.W. – D.Sc. (history), Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia.

MAGADIEV M.F. – PhD (Sociology), Associate professor of social conflictology of the faculty of national security of the Russian presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

OCHERETYANYIY A.A. – PhD (history), Professor, Humanitarian Pedagogical University of Sevastopol National Technical University, Sevastopol, Russia.

PRIMOVA E.N. – PhD (history), leading researcher at Scientific an Research Institute of the Academy of the General Prosecution Office of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

PRYAKHIN V.F. – D.Sc. (political science), Club of Rome National Committee member Professor (World Politics and International Dept., RSHU), Moscow, Russia.

TSVETKOVA M.V. – post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of theory of politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

VOSKANYAN S.S. – D.Sc. (political sciences), professor of department of public administration and political science of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd Branch, Volgograd, Russia.

YAMALOVA E.N. – PhD (political sciences), Associate Professor, Department of Public Relations of the Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia.

ZALYSIN I.Y. – D.Sc. (political sciences), Professor, Head of Department of Political Science, Russian State Agrarian University-МAA, Moscow, Russia.

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 1 (21), 2016.

CONTENTS

THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

  • Irkhin Yu.V. Contemporary Methodological, Theoretical and Methodical Approaches to Political Analysis
  • Ocheretyanyiy A.A. On the Issue of Politology as a Science
  • Tsvetkova M.V. Reflection in the Structure of Relations and Behavior of Political Subjects
  • Yamalova E.N. Quality of Democracy: the Concept and Challenges of Measurement
  • Kazak Kyzy Nurgul Main Channels of Recruitment of Political Elite

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

  • Kyrchanoff M.W. The Ideology of Political Republicanism in English Nationalism in the First Half of the 2010s
  • Voskanyan S.S. Charismatic Ruling Elite of Russia in the Early 1990-ies.: Transformation Attempt of the Economic System of the Country
  • Zalysin I.Y. Violent Conflicts and Evolution of Political Regimes
  • Duishenalieva A.D. Local Government as Environment for Human Development
  • Emirov R.M. Features of the Evolution of the Political Regimes of the South Caucasus States

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNIC POLICY

  • Aminov I.R. Methodology for Detecting External Influence on the Emergence and Development of Regional Conflicts
  • Кrasnov L.N. Impact of Language Policy on Political Stability in Ukraine
  • Bachaev A.A. Media and International Relations: Analysis of Contemporary Problems

POLITICAL ISSUES OF NATIONAL SECURITY

  • Magadiev M.F. Moral Education of the Russian Youth as the Factor of the Counteraction to the Foreign Threats in Conditions of Ensuring the National Security
  • Galeyeva S.I., Galieva G.M. To the Problem of Definition of the Term "Crime Prevention"
  • Izilyaeva L.O., Egorova E.N. Counter-Terrorist Operations Russia in Syria: Efficiency Assessment
  • Barry Hassimiu Sahel Terrorist Groups as a Threat to Security in the Regionе

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS

  • Pryakhin V.F. Global Governance as Prerequisite for the Sustainable Development of the Worold Community
  • Davydov V.N., Antonio N.G. Antonio The Expansion of Migration in the EU: Causes, Mechanisms and Consequences
  • Danilova E.A. Brics Brand Positioning Perspectives in the National Branding Strategy Construction
  • Primova E.N. EU Integration Рolicy of Migrants: Assimilation or Multiculturalism?
  • Chebanenko A.V. The Asia-Pacific Region and Russia's National Interests at the Beginning of the Twenty First Century. How "Turn to the East"?

Our authors 1-2016

THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Yu.V. IRKHIN D.Sc. (philosophy), professor, Chair of Political Science and Political Governance, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chair of Theoretical and Applied Political Science, Russian State University of Humanities, Moscow, Russia

CONTEMPORARY METHODOLOGICAL, THEORETICAL AND METHODICAL APPROACHES TO POLITICAL ANALYSIS

The article analyses essence, basic features and, peculiarities of the modern political analysis. Shown leading methodological, theoretical and methodical approaches to the political analysis. Discussed the program of the political analysis: its goals, kevels (methodological and methodical), stages of realization, meaning of the values approaches, ethics principles. Analyzed foreign terms and concepts associated with political analysis, the specificity its science understanding and translation. Given criticism separation of the theoretical part of the political analysis from the its applied (empirical) part. Proven through scientific analysis of politics, political science isn`t only humanitarian, but also an exact science and scientific discipline of the XXI age.

Key words: political analysis, program of the political analysis, methodology and methodic of the political analysis.

А.А. OCHERЕTYANYIY PhD (history), Professor, Humanitarian Pedagogical University of Sevastopol National Technical University, Sevastopol, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF POLITOLOGY AS A SCIENCE

The article attempts to answer the question "Is Politology a Science?", raised by Professor A.A. Lausanne in the journal "Issues of Political Science» № 2 (18) 2015. To answer the question in issue, the author raises the question of politology as a scientific system, which includes the object and the subject of politology as a science, its laws and categories, its method of the subject research and functions. The object of politology is considered to be a set of political phenomena and processes and the subject is their laws. Particular attention is paid to the categories of science as the basic concepts, which reflect the subject of science and its laws. The article pays the necessary attention to the method of study of politology and its functions as the main tasks of political science.

Key words: politology, science, category, subject area, the function.

М.V. TSVETKOVA post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of theory of politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

REFLECTION IN THE STRUCTURE OF RELATIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF POLITICAL SUBJECTS

In modern political science, there are two leading models of subjectivity of political relations: subject-object and subject-subject relations. In the subject-object relationship one of the entities treats another entity (or entities) as an object of manipulatory and utilitarian approach. The basis of subject-subject relations are constituted by the inner properties of the subject which determine the vector of relations and the nature of political activity. The subject-subject relations actualize the subjectivity of the partner thus enhancing possibilities for relations development.

The author shows that in the basis of the self-regulatory construction of the subjective relations lies reflection which determines the degree and significance of the subject's attitude to itself, to others and, in general, to the society and its goals of development.

Therefore, the author considers a reflection of political subjects not only as a way to establish sustainable relations, but also as a method of improving political subjectivity of the social community for the development of subject-subject relations.

Key words: the subject-subject relations, reflection, conflict, cooperation, compromise, confrontation.

E.N. YAMALOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Public Relations of the Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

QUALITY OF DEMOCRACY: THE CONCEPT AND CHALLENGES OF MEASUREMENT

The article analyzes the concept of "quality of democracy" and disclosed theoretical problems of measuring this concept. The aim of the author is a critical review of existing approaches to the assessment of the quality of democracy and the development of an analytical framework to objectively measure the main parameters of the functioning of democratic regimes. It is concluded that for measuring the quality of democracy is a promising approach, based on the account of electoral participation and control elite by voters.

Key words: political regimes, democracy, the quality of democracy, political theory.

KAZAK KYZY NURGUL PhD (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

MAIN CHANNELS OF RECRUITMENT OF POLITICAL ELITE

The article identifies the main course of paths/channels of formation and selection of a new administrative elite, the analysis of the existing trends and patterns, also the development model of open system of formation of Kyrgyzstan's elite.

The relevance of the subject is connected with an initiative of the elite in creation of the mechanism of formation of new administrative elite of Kyrgyzstan.

In article the following paths/channels of political recruitment in modern Kyrgyzstan are allocated: traditional structures, public/civil service, administrative reserve, youth movements, political parties, government, new parties, opposition and educational institutions.

This article explores the challenges, opportunities and prospects of forming new administrative elite in Kyrgyzstan.

A comparative analysis of similar projects within the former Soviet Union, and also experiment of democratically developed states on creation of open and transparent system of selection of elite is carried out.

The article provides suggestions for creating an open and transparent mechanism of formation and recruitment of administrative elite of Kyrgyzstan.

And also step-by-step actions of interested parties in creation of open and transparent system of selection of elite.

Key words: elite, paths/channels of recruitment of political elite, new administrative elite, open and close system of forming elite.

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

M.W. KYRCHANOFF DrSc in History, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

THE IDEOLOGY OF POLITICAL REPUBLICANISM IN ENGLISH NATIONALISM IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 2010s

The author analyzes problems of republicanism in ideology of English political nationalism in the first half of the 2000s. English political nationalism belongs to marginal political movements in Britain. Political radicalism assists to marginalization of English nationalists. Republican ideas form ideological hard-core of political program in modern English nationalism. Monarchy in nationalistic context is imagined as a hostile and anti-English institution. Monarchy in political context is criticized as archaic institution that reduces opportunities of England to transform into a nation-state.

Key words: England, nationalism, republicanism, political nationalism, political outcasts.

S.S. VOSKANYAN Doctor of political sciences, professor of department of public administration and political science of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

CHARISMATIC RULING ELITE OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY 1990-ies.: TRANSFORMATION ATTEMPT OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY

The article discusses the events of the early 1990s when Russia transitioned to a new model of the economy. This period was characterized by a very complex political and socio-economic situation. Main positions in the state hierarchy were occupied by charismatic politicians. Similar – unusual, at times difficult, contentious – were their decisions. The situation in the country and the actions of the authorities influenced at each other, reinforcing the negative processes and tendencies in the political elite, society and the country.

Key words: charismatic elite, political elite, market economy, history of Russia, post-Soviet Russia.

I.Y. ZALYSIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Political Science, Russian State Agrarian University-МAA, Moscow, Russia

VIOLENT CONFLICTS AND EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL REGIMES

The article analyzes the impact of violence on the evolution of political regimes. It is shown that violent political conflicts in society contribute to the spread of autocratic tendencies. Author considered the factors that determine the negative impact of violence on the methods, ways and means of the political power. The findings are backed by numerous examples of political practice.

Key words: political violence, violent political conflict, the specificity of violence as a political tool, the political regime, autocracy.

A.D. DUISHENALIEVA PhD in Political Science, assistant professor, Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AS ENVIRONMENT FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

The level of human development in the Kyrgyz Republic on its entire territory is determined by the development of local self-government. At the local government level, provides important basic services, to create an environment for human development.

Key words: the local community, the human development index, local government, public administration, centralization, decentralization.

R.M. EMIROV PhD (political sciences), Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE POLITICAL REGIMES OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS STATES

The article attempts to identify and analyze trends and patterns of the evolution of the system and structural components of political regimes of the newly independent states of the South Caucasus – Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. It is shown that during the entire post-soviet period, these countries have been very difficult and tortuous path of social, economic and political modernization. Substantiated the thesis that, in this process by now are established a parliamentary regime – in Georgia, parliamentary-presidential regime – in Armenia and presidential-parliamentary regime in form, but the presidential regime de facto – in Azerbaijan.

Key words: South Caucasus, the state, the political regime, the parliament, the president, the government, politics, political culture, ideology.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNIC POLICY

I.R. AMINOV PhD (law), Assistant Professor at the Chair of state law, Institute of Law, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

METHODOLOGY FOR DETECTING EXTERNAL INFLUENCE ON THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CONFLICTS

External forces destabilizing development in the region seek to influence political processes in the region, using ethnic, religious and historical risk factors. In the modern information society, external impact is amplified by the interaction network of protest groups within the region with external forces that can have the resources for organizing fractal structures of external forces in the region. The proposed methodology reveals the structure of communication interaction that permits to withstand external impact. The technique is based on political situation analysis and cluster-network analysis of network communities.

Key words: region, fractal organizations, network communities, communication interaction.

L.N. КRASNOV post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of political analysis and management of the Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

IMPACT OF LANGUAGE POLICY ON POLITICAL STABILITY IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the impact of the language policy on political stability in Ukraine. It reviews the current Ukrainian legislation regulating the development of language policy and implementation in it of the European documents. The author analyzes tendencies of the language development policy in Ukraine and makes conclusions about its role in the transformation of the political system of the Ukrainian state.

Key words: political stability, language policy, ethnic conflicts, interethnic relations, ethnic minorities.

А.А. BACHAEV post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of national and federative relations of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and State Service, Director of the Chechen State broadcasting company "Grozny", Grozny, Russia

MEDIA AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS

The article analyzes the characteristics and associated with the special role of the media in the regulation of inter-ethnic conflicts and the formation of tolerance; shows the data of various sociological studies, based on which the author of the main problems in this area.

Key words: Media, the regulation of inter-ethnic relations, tolerance, extremist speeches, the credibility of the media, the professional ethics of journalists.

POLITICAL ISSUES OF NATIONAL SECURITY

M.F. MAGADIEV PhD (Sociology), Associate professor of social conflictology of the faculty of national security of the Russian presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

MORAL EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN YOUTH AS THE FACTOR OF THE COUNTERACTION TO THE FOREIGN THREATS IN CONDITIONS OF ENSURING THE NATIONAL SECURITY

The article is devoted to the youth policy and moral education of the modern Russian youth as one of the priority directions of the state policy in the sphere of ensuring the national security. The main problems of moral education of the young generation and methods of counteraction to the use of the “soft power” by the defined circle of the main Western countries and international organizations, aimed at the mastery of awareness of “minds and hearts” of the Russian youth are being considered by the author.

Key words: Moral education and development, national and cultural values, youth policy, modern Russian youth, “colored revolutions”, “soft power”, national security.

S.I. GALEYEVA teacher depart. of jurisprudence, Kazan national research technological university, Kazan, Russia

G.M. GALIEVA teacher depart. оf jurisprudence, Kazan national research technological university, Kazan, Russia

TO THE PROBLEM OF DEFINITION OF THE TERM "CRIME PREVENTION"

Objective: this Article examines a number of methodological problems that prevented unambiguous definition of the concept of "crime prevention". Based on the author's analysis of the available literature on the topic offers possible solutions to these problems and formulate a working definition of the concept under consideration. Subject of research: the Conceptualization of the term "crime"and "prevention of crime". Methodology: a qualitative Comparative study of texts English-speaking and Russian-speaking researchers on the issue of the definition of crime prevention, covering articles printed or reprinted in 1966-2014. Scientific novelty: it offered his own interpretation of the concepts of "crime" and "crime prevention", while identifying the main methodological difficulties that impede unequivocal definition of these concepts, and the authors suggested the definition of the concept. Results and application: the Result of the study is to structure the definitions of "crime prevention" and evaluation of these definitions in relation to law enforcement policy of the state.

Key words: public policy, crime prevention, approaches to the definition of crime prevention, the methodological discussion.

L.O. IZILYAEVA PhD (Political Science), assistant professor of the Department of Political Science, Sociology and Philosophy of the Bashkir state Academy of Public Administration and Management at the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia

E.N. EGOROVA student field of study Political Science of the Bashkir state Academy of Public Administration and Management at the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia

COUNTER-TERRORIST OPERATIONS RUSSIA IN SYRIA: EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT

The article analyzes the modern Russian counter-terrorist policies in Syria. The aim of this paper is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of Russian strategic policy in this area. The analysis is based on statistics of structure of the budget in Russian Federation and information about the direction, scope and dynamics of migration flows from the Middle Eastern countries to Europe. Based on this analysis the authors conclude that the modern Russian counter-terrorist policies have a negative impact on the financial and the image component of the life of our state. Power model of fighting terrorism, that have been selected Russian Federation, promotes extremism and discontent without destroying the roots of terrorism. In the article proposes to make corrects to the strategy of Russia in the fight against Middle East terrorism, namely to minimize military action, and to unite the world community to focus on solving the socio-economic and political problems, a response to that is terrorism.

Key words: Russia, Syria, counter-terrorism policy, the budget, the migratory crisis.

BARRY HASSIMIU Post-graduate Student of the Department of Comparative Politics People’s Friendship University of Russia, Senegal, Dakar

SAHEL TERRORIST GROUPS AS A THREAT TO SECURITY IN THE REGIONЕ

Region of Sahel is a vast and arid region, covering the territory of many countries in North Africa (Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), bordering the Sahara Desert (Mali, Niger, Chad and Sudan) and to the south of it (Senegal, Burkina Faso). As for Mali, the Sahel and Sahara zones cover the northern part of the state up to the border with Burkina Faso in the east and the southern edge of the border with Mauritania in the west.

A real shock for the region was a sharp increase in the drug trafficking and appearance in the territory of Sahara, the northern part of of Algeria, of a terrorist group named the "Salafist Group for Preaching and Battles" (CHOGM), later changed to "Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb" (AQIM).

Key words: security, government, terrorism, extremism, the Sahel region, Africa.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS

V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Club of Rome National Committee member Professor (World Politics and International Dept., RSHU), Moscow, Russia

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AS PREREQUISITE FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WOROLD COMMUNITY

The past three years’ events heightened in the world public opinion the feeling of the absurdity which characterizes the existing world order with its absolute need to coordinate the international community’s efforts to counter growing global challenges and all the more acute political rivalry in geographic regions combined with sharpening competition for the control over the world’s financial flows on a global scale.

The article presents the author's interpretation of the need to improve the global governance and sustainable development, he analyzes the difference between the concepts of the global governance and of the world government. Some practical considerations and recommendations how to reach the global integrity of the international community and what are the political and ideological prerequisites needed for that are also exposed to be assessed and evaluated by experts and laymen interested in the problems of the world order.

Key words: global governance, world government, global problems, world order, sustainable development, worldview, world public opinion, civil society.

V.N. DAVYDOV candidate of political Sciences, Deputy Director of the Institute of modern politics PFUR, Moscow, Russia

ANTONIO N.G. ANTONIO post-graduate student of the Russian University of friendship of peoples, Angola, Luanda

THE EXPANSION OF MIGRATION IN THE EU: CAUSES, MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENCES

The authors reveal the background of the migration crisis in the European Union (EU) and the role of the global actors. Offer a number of constructive political and legal ideas for the modernization of migration policy in Europe.

Key words: migration crisis, security, the African Union (AU), refugees, corruption, international terrorism, cross-border conflicts.

E.A. DANILOVA Ph.D. (political science), doctoral candidate, philosophy faculty, National research Tomsk state university, Tomsk, Russia

BRICS BRAND POSITIONING PERSPECTIVES IN THE NATIONAL BRANDING STRATEGY CONSTRUCTION

The article is devoted to an analysis of conceptual fundamentals of geopolitical brand BRICS forming and its influence on the Russian national brand construction process. The bases of geopolitical and national brands identity and its interaction mechanism as an “umbrella” brand are researched. The problems appearing at the time of BRICS brand building are viewed. Recommendations for an effective BRICS branding by means of joint knowledge-intensive projects realization are offered. Examples of BRICS countries collaboration in innovation projects as potential steps for organization brand construction in the interests of Russian national branding are given.

Key words: BRICS; national branding; geopolitical branding; political positioning; innovation; defense industry complex.

E.N. PRIMOVA PhD (history), leading researcher at Scientific an Research Institute of the Academy of the General Prosecution Office of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EU INTEGRATION РOLICY OF MIGRANTS: ASSIMILATION ОR MULTICULTURALISM?

The article attempts to identify and analyze some of the most important, in the opinion of the author, factors that determine the immigration policy of EU member states. The main attention is focused on the integration policy of immigrants. Two of its directions are selected: assimilation and multiculturalism. It is shown that the part of the immigrants choos assimilation into the society of the recipient countries, but even in many countries, that formally chose the policy of assimilation, the de facto carried out the policy of multiculturalism. It is justified the thesis according to which at the present time due to the complex factors the integration policy of the EU is going through a serious crisis.

Key words: Policy, European Union, integration, multiculturalism, culture, the recipient country, the crisis, terrorism.

А.V. CHEBANENKO post-graduate student, working for a PhD degree at the Chair of world politics and international relations of the Russian State Humanities University, Moscow, Russia

THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION AND RUSSIA'S NATIONAL INTERESTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY. HOW "TURN TO THE EAST"?

The article analyzes modern political and economic processes in the Asia-Pacific region in the context of the national interests of the Russian Federation. To implement its interests, Russia should pursue an active foreign policy towards closer ties with countries in the region, balancing on the tension between China and the United States. Moscow's initiatives and activities aimed at combatting international terrorism in the Asia-Pacific region can contribute to this.

Key words: the Asia-Pacific region, "new bipolarity", the ASEAN, "pivot to the East", international terrorism.

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Issue 3 (19), 2015.

CONTENTS

POLICY AND LAW

  • Borisenkov A.A. Views on the Social Power (by materials of the modern Russian Constitution)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

  • Gayduk V.V., Lukyantsev A.S. Informational Agenda in a Regional Political Process: from the First Step to the Steady Leadership
  • Shaikhutdinova A.A. Political Discourse on Civil Society: Communications and Modernization
  • Sazanov V.M. Potential Public Social-Network Technologies

POLITICAL STABILITY AND ETHNIC POLICY

  • Gayduk V.V. Interrelation Between Authorities and Etno-Elits in the Russian Federation Republics: Conflict or Consensus

AUTHORIZED TRAINING COURSES

  • Nisnevich Yu.A. Author's Program of the Educational Course "Audit of the Political System of Russia"

Our authors №3-2015

POLICY AND LAW

A.A. BORISENKOV Doctor of Philosophy, Consulting & Method Center of State University of Management expert, Russia, Moscow

VIEWS ON THE SOCIAL POWER (by materials of the modern Russian Constitution)

The article is an analysis of the views on the Social Power and on its kinds and its place in the State and the Social, those views, witch the modern Russian Constitution contains. The research novelty consists in a the Social Power conception definition, explaining its essence, and also in an aspiration to set up different the Social Power division paradigm, that Social Power division, witch takes place in the State system.

Key words: social power, State power, political power, democracy, State superstructure.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

V.V. GAIDUK PhD (political science), Head of department of political science of Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa

A.S. LUKYANTSEV Head of Youth department of Russian society of political science in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, Ufa

INFORMATIONAL AGENDA IN A REGIONAL POLITICAL PROCESS: FROM THE FIRST STEP TO THE STEADY LEADERSHIP

Modern communication support of public policy is a special phenomenon, which is intended to form a citizens' requests for certain political decisions taken by power-management device. In this regard, there is an urgent need for public monitoring of information flows emanating from public authorities and accepted by them.

This article discusses the main trends and approaches that govern requests for information from both the government and citizens, acting both subjects and objects of policy. Consideration of such circumstances particularly significant in the context of political regionalism, so the empirical basis for the study was the Republic of Bashkortostan, namely speech of the Head of the Republic of R. Khamitov in 2015 on the most important socio-political and scientific forums and interviews.

Key words: information policy, political regionalism and ethnic policy, ethnic and inter-confessional relations, image, political leader.

A.A. SHAIKHUTDINOVA working for a PhD degree at the Chair of politology, philosophy and sociology of the Bashkir Academy of Public Service and Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, Ufa

POLITICAL DISCOURSE ON CIVIL SOCIETY: COMMUNICATIONS AND MODERNIZATION

Political discourse is a meaningful phenomenon in political science that determines peculiarities of practical activities. Within the topic of a civil society, the issue of building a communicational interaction and political modernization is the most topical one, as such components reflect the overall development of the institute of civil self-government.

The article reflects basic theoretical concepts that justify the development and functioning of a civil society in the framework of communication and interaction between the foundations of political modernization in contemporary Russia.

Key words: civil society, political discourse, political sciences, social institutions, political modernization, communicational impact, political theory.

V.M. SAZANOV Ph.D. (Technical Sciences), Russia, Moscow

POTENTIAL PUBLIC SOCIAL-NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES

Social-networking technologies, as part of the communication capabilities of the Internet, considered from the standpoint of social development, categories of the public good, the public sphere, the Markov model of the formation of public opinion, humanistic values and building a metaideology.

Key words: modernization of society and social networks, the public good, the public sphere, the intellectual center of strategic, value system, metaideology.

POLITICAL STABILITY AND ETHNIC POLICY

V.V. GAYDUK Doctor of political sciences, Professor, Head of Department of politology and history, Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa

INTERRELATION BETWEEN AUTHORITIES AND ETNO-ELITS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPUBLICS: CONFLICT OR CONSENSUS

While recruiting elites to the regional bodies of power, problems may arise with the perception by the local elite of certain political leaders. This is especially true for the national subjects of the Russian Federation – national Republics. The article discusses the main issues relating to the development of relations between political leaders of a given republic within the Russian Federation with the regional elite, representing interest groups, taking the Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan as an example.

The topic disclosed in the article is very important for the whole of the Russian Federation, as a multiethnic and multi-religious state. Any problem that relates to one of the subjects within the Russian Federation may also affect the life foundations of another subject. In this regard, we believe the article to highlight an important aspect of the suggested topic.

Key words: political science, political regionalism, ethnic policy, national relations, federal relations, etno-elits, political conflict, political consensus, political leaders, elite recruitment, leadership, interest groups, pressure groups, ethnic, multi-ethnicity, national republics.

AUTHORIZED TRAINING COURSES

Yu.A. NISNEVICH D.Sc. (political science), Professor of Higher School of Economics, National Research University, and of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Russia, Moscow

AUTHOR'S PROGRAM OF THE EDUCATIONAL COURSE "AUDIT OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF RUSSIA"

The aim of the above course is to give students the necessary knowledge about the issues of the modern political process in Russia, to teach them how to analyze and evaluate current political developments from the scientific and practical points of view. As a result of studying the above course, students should learn the main issues of political process in Russia, the causes and conditions of their occurrence and the methodology of situational analysis of political events and processes; they should be able to apply the above knowledge for the sake of political analysis, for analyzing political and public organizations, political processes and events, for identifying their system-wide bases and evaluating their possible effects. Such knowledge is needed for practical work of leaders and organizers of political and public organizations, political analysts and political analysts of any profile. The program of the course is designed for students seeking bachelor and master degrees at the university departments of political science.

Key words: political system, political process, audit of the political system, electoral system, political parties, legislative and executive power, mechanisms of functioning of the political system, interaction between the authorities and society, "a vertical of power".

  1. Our authors №3-2015
  2. Our authors №4-2015
  3. №4 (20),2015 en
  4. №2 (18), 2015 en
   
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