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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 8, Issue 9 (37), 2018.

CONTENTS

POLITICAL HISTORY

• Medvedev N.P. Political History of the 90s. Memoirs of the Russian Deputy
• Arapkhanova L.Ya., Dolgiyeva M.B. The Highlander Aristocracy in the Administration Sistem in the North Caucasus in XVIII-XIX c.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

• Pustovoit Yu.A., Barsukov A.M., Shevtsova E.V. Protests in Siberian Cities: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Studies
• Shumilina D.V. Problem of Low Representation of Women in the Political Sphere
• Grossman O.D., Trifonov N.T. Political and Legal Analysis of Counteraction of Radical Ideology in the Civil Society
• Potapov D.V. American Technologies of "Democracy Promotion" and Perspecive Transformation of the Political Regime in Russia
• Tatarov R.A. Legitimacy Levels of the Transnistrian State in the Context of the Formation and Functioning of the Public Administration Mechanisms
• Akhmedov H. Important Documents of the Renewal Policy

POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Nesterchuk O.A., Iglin D.A., Glebov V.A. Computer Games as an Element of Modern Civil Political Culture
• Doroshenko I.S. Information and Communication Technologies as a Tool for Shaping the Common Policy of the Nordic Countries in the Arctic
• Klimchuck V.I. Social Networks: from the Virtual to the Real

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Sarkarova J.S. Political Modernization of the North Caucasus Through the Prism of the Economy
• Emirov R.M. The Caucasus as a Single Geopolitical Space
• Borbodoev J.M. Problematic Issues of State Regulation in Provision of the National Identity
• Dubrovina O.Yu. Transboundary Regions and Spaces: Features of Creation and Activities
• Kozlova Yu.B., Salimgareeva E.R. Development of Ethnographic Tourism as an Actual Direction in the State Policy of Preservation and Revival of Ethno-Cultural Heritage of Indigenous Peoples (On the Example of the Establishment of Sournis Sy Village in Berezovsky District of the Khanty Mansi Administrative Region– Ugra)

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• Khopеrskaya L.L. New Tactics of the «Islamic State» on the Eurasian Space
• Urazaeva F.P. US – Japan Alliance: Successes and Failures
• Golovanov R.S. Methodological Approaches to the Investigation of the Eurasian Integration
• Shangaraev R.N. Positions Non-Regional Syrian Crisis Attitude
• Todorova R.V. Energy Security of the European Union
• Fatykhov D.R. EU Information Policy Evolution in the Context of External Threats
• Palilov D.E. Political Aspects of the Transport and Logistic Project the Northern Sea Route
• Kardanova M.L. Foreign Policy of the Modern States as Policy of Priorities
• Shmidt O.I. Foreign Policy of the FRG in the Present Stage

REVIEWS

Slisovskiy D.E., Shulenina N.V. Reviews of the article by L.J. Arapkhanova and M.B. Dolgieva "Highland aristocracy in the system of Russian administration in the North Caucasus in the XVIII-XIX centuries"

Our authors № 9-2018

POLITICAL HISTORY

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, People’s Deputy (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90s. MEMOIRS OF THE RUSSIAN DEPUTY

The article considers the political situation in Russia at the beginning of the 90-ies of the last century on the basis of historical facts. The author describes difficult conditions for the development of democracy in national provinces. Specific examples in the Mordovian ASSR reveal complex relationships between Russian national authorities and authorities in the national constituencies.

Key words: the story of the' 90s, the national province, Democrats, Communists, the CPSU Central Committee, Saransk city Council, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Council of Nationalities, Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission, Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the RSFSR.

L.Ya. ARAPKHANOVA candidate of political sciences, Associate Professor of the History Department of the Ingush State University, leading researcher of the Ingush scientific research Institute named after Chah Akhriev, Magas, Russia

M.B. DOLGIYEVA Professor of Ingush state University, leading researcher of the Ingush scientific research Institute named after Chah Akhriev, Magas, Russia

THE HIGHLANDER ARISTOCRACY IN THE ADMINISTRATION SISTEM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN XVIII-XIX c.

The article analyzes the process of mountain peoples’ integration into the Russian political landscape and the experience of the Russian Authorities in establishing local government bodies.

The foreign policy of Russia in the XVIII-XIX centuries focused on the involvement of the Caspian and the Black sea regions into the Russian political area was rather successful. The creation of the government bodies, which were introducing the administrative routines being unusual for the highlanders, became a novelty for the traditional societies. Nevertheless, after integration into Russia, the mountain societies managed to keep a considerable part of traditional governance in their social order. In this regard, the aim of the article is to present a role and a value of Russia in establishing a new state authority considering the interests of traditional public institution of social relations regulation in the aspects of the adaptation to the new Russian governmental system.

The work focuses on 1770-1800 years, that is the period of the forced annexation of the North Caucasus territories and the gradual extending over them the national governmental system and legislation.

In particular, acts of Ingush’s oath about loyalty to Russia in 1770, acceptance in "Eternal citizenship of Russia" of Zasolotskaya Kumykia and Tarkovskiy Shamkhalate possessions in 1793, Caucasian area formation in 1785, as well as "Regulations on mountain peoples" adopted by Catherine II in 1786, and other acts.

Thus, the article studies the nature of the relationships between government and society. A new model of governance in the Caucasus and the role of local people in the Russian public administration system are shown.

Key words: Russia, North Caucasus, integration, administration system, administration, authority, mountain aristocracy, traditional institutions.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES

Y.A. PUSTOVOIT Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Chair of political sciences and technologies, Siberian Institute of Management, branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia

А.М. BARSUKOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Deputy Dean of the Faculty of politics and international relations, Siberian Institute of Management, branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia

Е.V. SHEVTSOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Chair of management, Siberian Institute of Management, branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia

PROTESTS IN SIBERIAN CITIES: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STUDIES

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological problems of investigating protests in the cities of Siberia. It shows how protest communities shape the agenda. Research was undertaken on causes of the growth of protest activity in the cities of Siberia. The authors of the article, as a hypothesis, denote the interrelation and mutual influence between the urban political regime, the degree of split and consolidation of protest communities. The article outlines methodological approaches to the analysis of protests and presents a possible tool for studying the motivation of participants and organizers of protests.

Key words: political protests, protest behavior, protest communities, Siberia.

D.V. SHUMILINA PhD-student of Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEM OF LOW REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE POLITICAL SPHERE

The article deals with the problem of low representativeness of women in parties, legislative and executive authorities. The object of research of this article is the problem of low representation of women in the political sphere, especially in the higher echelons of power. The goal is to examine the nature of the problem and its consequences. Proposals are made on possible ways of changing the situation, such as: the introduction of quotas, the creation of committees on gender equality, the support of women's non-governmental organizations.

Key words: politics, gender, gender equality, human rights, gender inequality, discrimination, right to vote.

O.D. GROSSMAN Master of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

N.T. TRIFONOV Postgraduate Student, Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF COUNTERACTION OF RADICAL IDEOLOGY IN THE CIVIL SOCIETY

Radical ideology is destructive and inhuman for any socio-political process in modern civil society. The article analyzes normative legal acts aimed at combating the spread of radical ideas. Elements of radicalism are found in official program documents of parties, whose political orientation can be declared as monarchical, moderate, communist, and even liberal.

Key words: civil society, radical ideology, normative legal act, party, propaganda, law, political process.

D.V. POTAPOV postgraduate student at the Chair of world politics and international relations, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES OF "DEMOCRACY PROMOTION" AND PERSPECIVE TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLITICAL REGIME IN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the prospects for the United States to use the democracy promotion technology for a forced transformation of Russia’s political regime. On the materials of foreign publications the author demonstrates the essence of the concept of "democracy promotion" (democracy promotion, diffusion of democracy, assistance on democracy building). The article considers differences in the mechanisms of the socium formation in the two countries that explain the continued hostility and the feeling of the mission to transform Russia existing in the Americans subconscious. The article cites facts demonstrating the internal readiness of the United States not only to the forced transformation of the political regime, but also to the physical destruction of the Russian population. It is shown that currently the United States is a kind of "a colony with limited political subjectness" of the global network structure consisting of managing owners of the largest investment funds and transnational corporations, in fact, such structure is the true subject of the transformations in Russia's political regime. Economic and political issues affecting the well-being of the largest American investment funds and transnational corporations are growing so rapidly that the United States with its plans of forced democratic transit and transformation of Russia’s political regime found itself in time trouble. This allows the author to be optimistic about the prospects of a sovereign (rather than a democratic) transit of power in the framework of further transformations of Russia’s political regime.

Key words: political regime, transformation, democracy promotion, political subjectness, global network structure, sovereign transit of power.

R.А. TATAROV postgraduate student at the Transnistrian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko, Tiraspol, Transnistria

LEGITIMACY LEVELS OF THE TRANSNISTRIAN STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MECHANISMS

The author focuses on the features of formation of the legitimate foundations of the Transnistrian state in the early 1990s, as well as current realities in the functioning of the political system in the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic. Special attention is paid to the levels of legitimacy in the Transnistrian state, which form a holistic view of functioning of the government institutions in the TMR.

Key words: legitimacy, political system, power, Transnistria, referendum, the USSR.

H. AKHMEDOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), doctoral student of Uzbek State National University named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS OF THE RENEWAL POLICY

The article analyzes the essence and meaning of laws, regulations and decisions adopted with the view of implementing the Strategy of actions aimed at the development of Uzbekistan in five priority areas in 2017-2021. These documents demonstrate the importance of strengthening civic consciousness, civic position, legal culture and activeness of the people.

Key words: decrees and decisions, laws, development, social changes, democracy, civil society, legal culture, renewal of the society.

POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES

O.A. NESTERCHUK Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

D.А. IGLIN Master of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

V.A. GLEBOV Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

COMPUTER GAMES AS AN ELEMENT OF MODERN CIVIL POLITICAL CULTURE

Computer games have a great potential as a tool for the formation of civil political culture. Despite a number of game conventions and features games are connected with the actual political issues of our time, they help to form civil positions and create a model of functioning in the political sphere comprehensible for the mass audience. Games organize interest in politics, people turn to sources and literature for the details and it has a positive impact on the level of civil political culture.

Key words: politics, computer games, civil political culture, arts, history.

I.S. DOROSHENKO Candidate PhD Diplomatic academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR SHAPING THE COMMON POLICY OF THE NORDIC COUNTRIES IN THE ARCTIC

Despite the fact that humanity has reached a high level of development, there are still unexplored and undeveloped territories on the Earth, which, due to their climatic features, require a new approach to development. To date, this approach is digitalization and the development of information and communication processes. That is why the author considers it expedient to consider state programs on digitalization of the territory, as well as global international projects in the context of the overall development of the Arctic region. According to the author, the development of ICT and new digital technologies, whose aim is work in the northern latitudes, will serve as a consolidating link, the basis for the further development of infrastructure in the Arctic. The article proves the relevance of the study, provides an analysis of the current situation of the ICT industry in the circumpolar countries of Europe, and describes the prospects for common projects and the interest of transnational corporations using natural cooling. Digitalization meets the requirements of sustainable development, which is a priority in all Arctic concepts of the Nordic countries and can serve as an effective tool in building the common policy of the North European. A similar trend can be used by other Arctic countries.

Key words: Information and communication technologies, digitalization, Arctic, Northern Europe, Arctic concepts, Sustainable development.

V.I. KLIMCHUCK postgraduate student at the Chair of national and federative relations, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS: FROM THE VIRTUAL TO THE REAL

Currently, social networks, as a relatively new information technology tool, play an increasingly important role in the daily and social life of the population. Regulation of this institution is important for the state and its citizens. The dissemination of illegal information must necessarily be prosecuted by law enforcement agencies, but it is essential to draw a line between the expression of one’s opinion that someone might not like because of the political views and extremism.

Key words: information technologies, social networks, crime, law enforcement agencies, memes.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

J.S. SARKAROVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Acting Head of the Chair of legal support, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

POLITICAL MODERNIZATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE ECONOMY

The article gives an analysis of some, in the opinion of the author, of the most important factors, which are neglected in political science, which exert a more or less significant influence on the processes of political modernization of the national republics of the North Caucasus Federal District. The main focus is on a complex of problems that serve as a brake on the transition of the region's economy to sustainable development, which negatively affects the further development of the power system of the respective republics. It is shown that the state of the economy itself depends on the state of the civil society and political leadership. Therefore, the main problem of the republics is the need for radical changes in the power system, the acceptance by the leadership of federal and regional levels of willful decisions of denationalization or de-ethnization of the principles of recruitment of higher state bodies, and the principle of the primacy of professionalism over ethnicity.

Key words: Russian Federation, North Caucasus, North Caucasus Federal District, power, politics, republic, ethnos, economy, shadow economy, corruption, clans.

R.М. EMIROV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Moscow, Russia

THE CAUCASUS AS A SINGLE GEOPOLITICAL SPACE

The article attempts to give the author's understanding of the Caucasus as a single geopolitical space, which, in turn, is closely related to the Middle East. On the example of the relationship between the Russian North Caucasus and the South Caucasus states, on the one hand, and the Greater Middle East, on the other, an attempt has been made to identify and analyze the content and essence of the concepts of "territory" and "geopolitical space". It is shown that these concepts do not always and do not necessarily coincide with each other, since the geopolitical space, crossing the state borders, can be wider than the territory. The thesis is substantiated, according to which, these two regions from ethno-national, confessional, socio-cultural and other points of view with all their significant differences, have much in common. This allows, with certain reservations, to consider them as a single geopolitical space.

Key words: geopolitics, politics, state, geo-political space, territory, Caucasus, Middle East, region, people, ethnos.

J.M. BORBODOEV Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogic) Doktorate student, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF STATE REGULATION IN PROVISION OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY

This article looks at the role of the state and society in developing interethnic and integrative relations and in providing national identity in the Kyrgyz Republic. The article highlights that maintenance of interethnic tolerance, social and national equality among the citizens of the country is considered to be one of the fundamental responsibilities of the state authorities and public organizations. It is noted that consolidation of the ethnic groups in the Kyrgyz Republic should be carried out through implementation of the state policies directed on eliminating political, economic, social and cultural inequality in all fields of life activities.

Key words: ethnicity, ethnic groups, interethnic relations, inter-national relations, titular nation, identity, national unity, ethno-politics, political party, state policy, tolerance, consolidation.

O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

TRANSBOUNDARY REGIONS AND SPACES: FEATURES OF CREATION AND ACTIVITIES

The article examines cross-border regions and spaces, shows the features of their creation and activity.

This problem is very relevant. A few decades ago, the participation of sub-state regions in international cooperation was a rare phenomenon. Today, the international communication of the regions of states have become an essential component of international relations and foreign policy. Trans-border cooperation became one of the forms of interregional interaction and regionalization, which contributes to the intensification of political, economic and socio-cultural ties between regions and states.

The goal of the work is to study cross-border regions and spaces as a form of international cooperation. The task is to examine the features of their creation and activities.

The system methodology and method of studying international documents regulating international relations of the regions of states were used for the research.

The following results were achieved: the international documents regulating the creation of transboundary regions and spaces were analyzed, the definition of cross-border cooperation, transboundary regions and spaces was given; the main reasons, approaches and variants of their creation are shown.

In the course of the research, the author came to the following conclusion: the creation of cross-border regions and spaces can be carried out in three ways: the first one is the organization of cooperation without the status of a legal entity; the second is the creation of mono-national organizations; the third is the creation of multinational organizations. These variants of cross-border regions and spaces make it possible to redistribute powers in the sphere of international relations between states and their border regions, to solve the issues that become transnational in the border area.

Key words: regionalization, region of states, sub-state region, international relations, international cooperation, cross-border cooperation, cross-border regions and spaces, transboundary region, transboundary cooperation, trans-border cooperation, trans-border region.

Yu.B. KOZLOVA Cand. Sci. (Soc.), Associate Prof., Department of Political Science, Sociology and Public Relations of Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU), Ufa, Russia

E.R. SALIMGAREEVA Graduate Student, Department of Political Science, Sociology and Public Relations Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHIC TOURISM AS AN ACTUAL DIRECTION IN THE STATE POLICY OF PRESERVATION AND REVIVAL OF ETHNO-CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SOURNIS SY VILLAGE IN BEREZOVSKY DISTRICT OF THE KHANTY MANSI ADMINISTRATIVE REGION– UGRA)

The article considers the measures of the state policy in the field of protection of the native habitat, preservation and development of the traditional way of life, management and promys-lov of indigenous peoples of the North by supporting ethnographic tourism on the example of the creation and functioning of the ethnographic village "Sorni Sey" in the Berezovsky district of KHMAO-Yugra.

Key words: socio-economic development of indigenous peoples of the North of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, original culture, development of ethnographic tourism, state support of indigenous peoples of the North.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

L.L. KHOPЕRSKAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations of the Kirghiz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

NEW TACTICS OF THE «ISLAMIC STATE» ON THE EURASIAN SPACE

The article summarizes the disparate facts that indicate the formation of a new tactic of the spread of Islamic extremism in the Eurasian space. The radical international terrorist organization «Islamic State» (IG) is currently aiming not to seize new territories by armed attacks, but to overthrow the legitimate authorities of the Eurasian states. The instrument for achieving this goal is the creation of terrorist groups in various parts of the world, including the states of Central Asia and the regions of Russia. In the ranks of the IG were fought about nine thousand people from the post-Soviet countries. After the defeat in Syria in December 2017, these «experienced» IG fighters return to their homeland, where they conduct propaganda activities to recruit new supporters of the spread of radical ideology.

The new tactic is that several scenarios are being implemented in parallel. The first: recruited, but not previously involved in combat operations, citizens as labor migrants are sent to the regions of Russia and from the already existing labor migrants and local residents create «sleeping» terrorist cells and channels for the transfer of their members to participate in military operations in composition of international terrorist organizations. The second: extremist cells are created directly in the territories of the Central Asian states with a view to changing the political structure and the foreign policy course of these countries. The third part of those deported from Russia for violating the legislation of migrants is sent to the militant base in Afghanistan, where it undergoes special training and subsequently becomes the nucleus of various kinds of extremist organizations.

The new tactics of the IG act as a complex threat to regional security, the best countermeasure of which is the escalation of Eurasian integration in all possible directions, including coordination of the activities of law enforcement agencies and law enforcement agencies, harmonization of the regulatory framework, intensification of interaction between civil society institutions, religious, educational and humanitarian organizations.

Key words: international terrorist organization «Islamic state», Eurasian space, new tactics of IG, labor migration, terrorist acts, Eurasian integration.

F.P. URAZAEVA Candidate of Sciences (history), Head Researcher at the Academy of Humanities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

US – JAPAN ALLIANCE: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES

Above all the revival of Japan after the Second World War and its successful reaching the level of the second largest world economy attached to maintaining the alliance with the United States. The alliance of Japan and the United States has always been recognized as an element strengthening Japanese diplomacy.

The US-Japan alliance is still the basis of Japan's foreign policy today, what can be traced through the offices of prime ministers of the 21st century. The interdependence of the two countries is increasing because of the rising tensions on the world stage as a whole. Washington needs an alliance with Tokyo to strengthen its positions in the Asia-Pacific region, and in case of Japan, strong ally is necessary to solve problems of national security. The change in Japanese foreign and defense policy has an important regional and global significance. Japan is the main US ally in the APR and the gap, or whatever changes in the alliance may disrupt strategic stability in the region, which will lead to changes beyond its borders.

Key words: USA, Japan, alliance, APR, foreign policy.

R.S. GOLOVANOV candidate of political sciences, candidate of jurisprudence, doctoral student of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EURASIAN INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the description of various theoretical and methodological approaches to integration processes. In particular, the general theory of integration, reflecting the process of strengthening the interdependence and coherence of elements of the social system; the theory of globalization, which views integration as a multidimensional process at the regional and world level. The specifics of the geopolitical approach are highlighted, which consists in the fact that the ideological foundations of regional integration are assessed depending on the geopolitics shared picture of the world order: unipolar, bipolar or multipolar. Socio-economic theories analyzing regional integration as a tool for ensuring the optimal international division of labor are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to European economic integration, its goals, types and levels. It is shown how within the framework of two main classical theories of integration – functionalism and federalism – there was a separation of the political science, that is, connected with the system of distribution of powers, aspect.

The review of the publications devoted to the Eurasian integration is presented. The article shows that scientists are mainly focused on studying the economic or institutional and legal aspects of this process, on identifying signs, problems and prospects for Eurasian integration. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the whole, research of an applied nature predominates, in which regional (Eurasian) integration is presented as a clear concept on the intuitive level. At the same time, there is a lack of a strict political definition of Eurasian integration. The author considers the most fruitful view on Eurasian integration as a political construct combining economic, geopolitical, spiritual, cultural, ethno-social, political and legal principles, the correlation of which at different stages of project development can change.

Key words: theory of integration, theory of globalization, regional economic integration, political aspect of integration, Eurasian project.

R.N. SHANGARAEV PhD, assistant professor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POSITIONS NON-REGIONAL SYRIAN CRISIS ATTITUDE

Within the framework of this research, the goals and tasks of the US, Iran and the EU in the Middle East region will be considered. At the present stage, extra-regional players are trying to build a new polycentric geopolitical configuration in the Middle East. The issue of the future of the region is not in the least related to the relations between Moscow, Turkey and Tehran.

Key words: Middle East, Syrian crisis, Russia, USA, European Union, Turkey, Iran, ISIS.

R.V. TODOROVA graduate student, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

ENERGY SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article discusses the terms «energy security» and «energy policy» of the European Union. Like all global problems, the energy security problem cannot be viewed as an isolated problem, but as part of a complex, often contradictory relationship between states. Most European countries depend heavily on the supply of fuel-energy raw materials. Although all the member states of the European Union have transferred some of their sovereignty in some areas to European institutions, energy policy is an area that basically remains within the competence of their own state institutions.

Key words: energy security, energy policy, energy, European Union, international relations, state, economy.

D.R. FATYKHOV Postgraduate at the Department of world political processes, Moscow State Institute of International Relations Of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EU INFORMATION POLICY EVOLUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF EXTERNAL THREATS

The article looks at the as of yet understudied correlations between new threats to European security and unity caused by EU’s continued involvement into crises and conflicts beyond its borders, and the formation and evolution of supranational institutions in charge of European information policies. The coup and civil conflict in Ukraine, civil wars and continued instability in the Mediterranean and the Middle East (Libya, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan) produced a number of specific challenges to the European Union, not only politically and economically, but also in the information sphere. European authorities responded to the new threats by creating a number of groundbreaking institutions that may later form the basis of a EU-wide system of foreign information policies.

Key words: Information policy, EU, integration, information, mass media, Syria, foreign policy, refugees.

D.E. PALILOV post-graduate student Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTIC PROJECT THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE

Current problems and trends in the development of a transport and logistics project called the Northern Sea Route are considered in the article. The conditions under which rapid development of the Northern Sea Route and its usage as an important artery of international trade are being allocated. The key political aspects and factors having direct and indirect influence on the active usage of the Northern Sea Route are given in analysis. In particular, the issue of cooperation between the Russian Federation and China, and the role of the latter in the development of icebreaker fleet is considered. In conclusion the prospects for the development of the Northern Sea Route and means of its stimulating are presented.

Key words: northern sea route, political aspects, policy, political science, geopolitical factors, sanctions, international trade, foreign economic activity.

M.L. KARDANOVA Teacher of Department of European Languagesб Institute of International Relations, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE MODERN STATES AS POLICY OF PRIORITIES

This article examines the analysis of the terms framework which is used at research of foreign policy. It is revealed that the foreign policy of states in the modern world is a policy of priorities. Texts where the term "priorities of foreign policy" is used are analysed and divided into groups. On the basis of contents of these texts it is determined what kind of policy of priorities is, what aims pursues. Author's definition of the term "foreign policy priority" is given. Differences between foreign policy priorities and foreign policy purposes and tasks are also explained in the article.

Key words: foreign policy, general line in foreign policy, foreign policy priorities, foreign-policy objectives, foreign policy targets.

O.I. SHMIDT Master of International Relations Nord-West Institute of Management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

FOREIGN POLICY OF THE FRG IN THE PRESENT STAGE

At the current stage the German foreign policy course is determined by several factors connected with global changes that have taken place in world politics both in the second half of the 20th century and after the events of 2014. In the conditions of the growing global political and economic crisis, the growth of internal contradictions, Germany has faced the following tasks: strengthening its political role in the European Union; carrying out of the course which is more independent from the dictates of overseas partners; build-up of mobilization capacities and modernization of technical equipment of own armed forces; expansion and strengthening of military cooperation in the political paradigm of the EU-NATO (as a tool for ensuring security and defense of the European Union); a resolution of the migration crisis.

Key words: Germany, FRG, European Union, republic, foreign policy, economy, integration.

REVIEWS

REVIEW of the article by L.J. Arapkhanova and M.B. Dolgieva "Highland aristocracy in the system of Russian administration in the North Caucasus in the XVIII-XIX centuries"

Reviewers:

D.E. Slisovskiy PhD in History, Professor of Department of Humanities and social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

N.V. Shulenina Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Associate Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 8, Issue 8 (36), 2018.

CONTENTS

THEORY OF POLITICS

• Ubilava I.D., Shulenina N.V. "Sovereign Democracy" as an Alternative to Liberal Democracy (Polyarchy or Diarchy?)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Koshkin A.P., Evseev V.O. Problem of Political Management and Political Consulting in Process of Inter-State Integration
• Ivanova E.A., Iglin D.A., Popov S.I. Game Community as an Address of Political Impact: Some Aspects
• Ryadskaya V.S. History and Prospects of Women's Political Leadership in the Russian Federation
• Ogorodnova A.M. Risks of Professional Communication Politicians and Journalists
• Potapov D.V. Technologies of Political Transformation: Prospects of Counteraction for the Non-Western Type States
• Allayarov O.E. Online Space in the Era of Globalization
• Eremina A.R. Medical Management as a Tool of Proof of Intervention of Russia in the Policy of Other Countries

ELECTORAL POLITICAL SCIENCE

• Bazhan E.I. Institute of Referendum in Italy: Theory and Practice
• Lazebnik A.G. Transformation of Political Values on the Example of the Elections of 2015 to the UK Parliament

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

• Santos Rodríguez Pitra Dias Dosh Modern Institutions and Technologies for Combating Religious Terrorism

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

• Muravykh A.I., Nikitenko E.G. Network Forseight Threats of the Global War
• Koryshev M.V., Ivanova E.P. From the Dialogue Between Countries Towards the Dialogue Between Cultures (Based on the H. Münkler’s paper New European Security Architecture? Strategic and Political Contemplations)
• Dubrovina O.Yu. Regions of States and Their Participation in the Processes of Globalization and Regionalization
• Martynovа M.Yu., Shulenina N.V., Belyaeva V.P. Arctic Vector of East Asian Policy
• Krutko A.A. Foreign Policy Approaches of the USA and Russia to the Construction of the World Order
• Zhurbina N.E. Political Problems of Settling Labor Migration in Europe

Our authors № 8-2018

THEORY OF POLITICS

I.D. UBILAVA post-graduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

N.V. SHULENINA Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Associate Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples ' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

"SOVEREIGN DEMOCRACY" AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LIBERAL DEMOCRACY (POLYARCHY OR DIARCHY?)

The article analyzes socio-political factors determining the functioning of the liberal democratic political systems (polyarchy) in Western States. The paper also analyzes the principles on the basis of which it is possible to form a "sovereign democracy" as an alternative model of democracy for the Russian state.

Key words: sovereign democracy, liberal democracy, polyarchy, diarchy, Western States, Russian state.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

A.P. KOSHKIN doctor of political Sciences, head of the Department of political science and sociology Russian economic University by G.V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia

V.O. EVSEEV doctor of economic sciences, professor Faculties politics and sociology Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEM OF POLITICAL MANAGEMENT AND POLITICAL CONSULTING IN PROCESS OF INTER-STATE INTEGRATION

This article discusses the direction of political management in the process of inter-State integration. It says that without a consensus between labor and capital, without creating its financial platform, independent of the FED, integration processes will be faced with difficulties. The aim of the research was to study the role of political management in the development of integration processes in the post-Soviet space. Methods: the work is based on systematic analysis of statistical information that reflects the dynamics of integration processes, on methods of content analysis of scientific literature. The result: submitted, including graphic showing the dependencies problem directions of integration processes. In conclusion it is said that without the integration consensus political management of the ruling parties from parliamentary parties and management organizations of civil society, integration processes will be confronted with systemic contradictions.

Key words: political management, integration processes, civil society, problems of integration.

E.A. IVANOVA Ph.D. in Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

D.А. IGLIN Master of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

GAME COMMUNITY AS AN ADDRESS OF POLITICAL IMPACT: SOME ASPECTS

Creation of a stable political and communicative connection between the sphere of politics and the gaming community seems to be quite a complex and complex task. There is a stereotyped attitude to computer games and players. It is necessary to abandon the established stereotypes, which do not reflect the real, for the effective construction of this connection, which are used when mentioning computer games. The game community is a stable addressee of political influence.

Key words: politics, political influence, social group, game community, computer games, gamification.

V.S. RYADSKAYA postgraduate student, South-Russian Management Institute – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

HISTORY AND PROSPECTS OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article deals with the problems and prospects of women’s political leadership in the Russian Federation. Historical aspect of the formation of women's leadership in Russia acts as a link and the fundamental factor of modern trends in gender changes in the political environment. The article presents main historical stages of development of women's political influence in the political sphere and causes of the historical gender inequality. The author suggests ways of improving gender relations with the aim of developing women's political leadership in the Russian Federation, including elimination of all barriers to women's access to political leadership.

Key words: leadership, political leadership, women’s leadership, gender stereotypes, gender inequality, power.

A.M. OGORODNOVA postgraduate department of Sociology and Political Science, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», St. Petersburg, Russia

RISKS OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION POLITICIANS AND JOURNALISTS

In the article within the framework of the ideas of P. Bourdieu's social analysis and the social constructionist direction of the communicative theory, the problem of conflict interaction in the professional communication of politicians and journalists is discussed. The research hypothesis is that the professional tasks to be performed by each of these groups necessarily include a basic discrediting attitude toward the other party as a condition for their professional self-identification, giving the latter a character of negative self-identification. The paradoxical moment of this identification process is the increase of professional and reputational risks for both politicians and journalists. To test the hypothesis, in particular, a content analysis was conducted of interviews published on the portal Mediajobs.ru with leaders and leading specialists of the largest Russian media with the aim of identifying the administrative attitudes affecting the organization and conduct of professional communication between journalists and political actors. The results of content analysis make it possible to assert that the requirements for journalists from the side of media leaders when preparing materials with the participation of representatives of the authorities potentially contain a shift in risk precisely towards a conflictual interaction between them.

Key words: politicians, journalists, professional communication, risks of professional interaction.

D.V. POTAPOV post-graduate student, Department of world politics and international relations, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia

TECHNOLOGIES OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION: PROSPECTS OF COUNTERACTION FOR THE NON-WESTERN TYPE STATES

Transition of the developed democratic States to “postdemocracy” has become one of the main causes due to which the democratic transit has lost its attractiveness for the non-Western States. More and more concepts stipulate that the promotion of non-Western States from authoritarianism to democracy is the only possible paradigm of transformation of their political regimes. The study of this paradoxical situation has led the author to the conclusion that the concept of democratic transit is not a scientific theory, but an ideological construct based on the political myth of the "exclusivity" of the United States. The article shows how the implementation of this ideological construct was (and is) carried out by the United States with the help of forced democratic transit technologies. The article identifies preconditions and prospects of application of financial and economic, military, power, propaganda and information and psychological technologies. The author comes to the conclusion about rather low efficiency in modern conditions of "politics of nonviolent action" and "soft power": many non-Western type states have learned how to counteract such methods by developing their own counter-technology. The article substantiates the provisions that: a) "symmetrical response" to propaganda and information-psychological technologies of forced democratic transit leads only to an increase in the probability for the US applications of financial-economic and military-power technologies; b) the only real prospect of an "asymmetrical" response to the ideological construct of democratic transition and its supporting technologies is a national ideology. The article reveals the role of ideologemes as the "building material" for the formation of ideology. The author substantiates conclusions that: a) in modern conditions, the transformation of political regimes should be interpreted as a result of the struggle of ideologies, both, "universal," such as globalism and nationalism, and "local," reflecting the specific values of the individual social groups; b) perspective technologies of transformation of political regimes, capable of neutralizing the US technology of forced democratic transit, are the development and introduction into the public consciousness of ideology as a chain of successive ideologemes; c) the analysis of transformations can be carried out on the basis of comparative evaluation of the "power "of ideologies and" adequacy " of ideologemes in the space of political communication.

Key words: political regime, transformation, democracy, democratic transition, transitology, the non-Western type state, technology, ideology, ideologeme.

O.E. ALLAYAROV lecturer at Gulistan State University, Gulistan, Republic of Uzbekistan

ONLINE SPACE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Today, in the era of globalization, the main indicator of the state of the human society is the spread and development of network forms of communication and interaction between people. In this article, global Internet and its role in the formation of a network community are considered as the main factor of transformation of modern society. The article pays special attention to the informational and technological aspects of the development of modern society as a result of which an overwhelming part of the planet inhabitants become active users of the global networks. Against this background, it looks relevant to study new processes, taking place in the society and made possible only by social and communicative capabilities of the Internet. The article highlights the main properties of the global Internet as a social and communicative environment as well as makes an assumption about the formation of a new type of social interaction, in particular, the emergence and development of the modernized network community.

Key words: Internet space, globalization, social communication, communicative environment, social environment, Internet, modernization of society, horizontal social interaction.

A.R. EREMINA student of the Moscow state Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) of the MFA of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL OF PROOF OF INTERVENTION OF RUSSIA IN THE POLICY OF OTHER COUNTRIES

The article describes features and prospects of media manipulation as a tool to influence the policies of different countries. The author notes that the media, through which manipulation is carried out, has recently been undergoing a transformation due to the rapid development of technologies, and gaining more and more opportunities to influence the mass consciousness. The article also discusses specificity of using media manipulation on the example of Russian interference in the 2016 elections in the United States and Brexit and concludes that this tool is very popular at the present time and continues to strengthen its position.

Key words: media manipulation, political conscience, Internet, social network, Russian interference, Brexit, elections in the United States.

ELECTORAL POLITICAL SCIENCE

E.I. BAZHAN PhD student, Dimplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

INSTITUTE OF REFERENDUM IN ITALY: THEORY AND PRACTICE

In this article the legal status of referendum as well as practice of holding referendums in Italy are analyzed. The task of the paper is to reveal how referendums influence the political process. The determinants of successes and failures of the Italian referendums are examined in the context of an interparty competition within a specified time horizon. In the conclusion, prospects of evolution of the developing institute of referendum in Italy are investigated concerning factors affecting the evolution of the Italian political system.

Key words: Italy, party system, opposition, referendum, government, abrogative, quorum, legislation, Constitution.

A.G. LAZEBNIK Master of Humanities, Department of political science and international relations of the Russian State Social University, Russia, Moscow

TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL VALUES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ELECTIONS OF 2015 TO THE UK PARLIAMENT

This research looks at the transformation of the political values in the UK. The author’s goal is to determine the direction of this transformation. This has been done by under taking content analysis of the political programs, belonging to parties from parliament electoral cycle – 2015 (Labour party, The Conservative and Unionist Party, Liberal Democrats, Scottish National Party, United Kingdom Independence Party, Green Party of England and Wales). This electoral cycle appeals because of the Brexit, which has started after the elections. The aspects explored are the main topics (categories) in the parties’ programs. The author compares categories with frequencies of their mention and determines the share of each category in parties’ programs. Linking the share of categories in programs with voting results, the author concludes about the importance of some categories. The mostessential category is«immigration». Reduction in the electoral support of Liberal Democrats (whose «immigration» – share is low) andgrowth in support of United Kingdom Independence Party (whose «immigration» – share is the highest one) allow to conclude: there is the transformation of political values in the UK from left-wing liberal and social democratic to right-wing conservative ones.

Key words: immigration, transformation of the political values, right-wing parties, electoral behavior, parliamentary elections in the UK, content analysis, Brexit.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

SANTOS RODRÍGUEZ PITRA DIAS DOSH post-graduate student, Moscow Humanitarian University (Moscow state University), Moscow, Russia

MODERN INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMBATING RELIGIOUS TERRORISM

The article is devoted to the world experience of counteraction to the religious terrorism at the institutional level. Primarily considered is the experience of such countries as the USA, France, Israel and Sweden, also analyzed are the initiatives of the European Union as a whole. The author shows that religious terrorism is a complex phenomenon that engulfs society as a whole therefore, effective counteraction to religious terrorism involves a set of measures aimed at the opposition to the already formed terrorist groups and at the prevention of radicalization of the population. The author comes to the conclusion that any modern system of combating religious terrorism is characterized by integral approach and is not limited to the use of hard power, no less important are the tools of soft power allowing to counteract religious terrorism as ideology in information space.

Key words: religious terrorism, terrorist organizations, counter-terrorism policy, state safety, radicalisation.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE GLOBALIZING WORLD

A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Moscow

NETWORK FORSEIGHT THREATS OF THE GLOBAL WAR

The article proposes to organize a network foresight of the threat of a global war. The theoretical and methodological aspects of this complex systemic problem are considered. Financial-economic and environmental-resource conditions and threats of a global war are analyzed. The cardinal evolutionary change in the unipolar pro-American world order is a necessary condition for ensuring national security and socio-economic development of Russia, as well as a condition for maintaining international stability, ensuring security and developing the world community as a whole.

Key words: global war, threats, network foresight, world order, national interests, security, development.

M.V. KORYSHEV candidate of science, associate professor of the Department of German philology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

E.P. IVANOVA doctor of science, head of Romance philology Department department, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

FROM THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN COUNTRIES TOWARDS THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN CULTURES (Based on the H. Münkler’s paper New European Security Architecture? Strategic and Political Contemplations)

Today Germany’s intellectual life mainly draws upon the monthlies whose focus is primarily on intellectual elite. Of particular interest among them is an intellectual review Merkur that is mostly concerned with a wide variety of philosophical, historic, and cultural issues. Among its authors is Herfried Münkler, Professor of Humboldt University of Berlin and member of the Federal Academy for Security Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany.

The paper is based on the Herfried Münkler's article New European Security Architecture? Strategic and Political Contemplations that was published in July 2018 in Merkur. He writes about radical changes the European security policy could introduce in relation to destroying unipolarity, with the USA as the dominant power, the rise of the two nations on the international arena: Russia and China, and subsequent rise of the European Union, with the redistribution of power within the EU. His ideas are closely associated with his scientific investigations and today’s discussions on security policy in the Federal Republic of Germany. The paper also discusses what role the NATO has been playing in constructing the today’s security architecture. It particularly focuses on the local threats Europe is facing that are also described by H. Münkler: Balkan-Caspian arc of instability, the Middle East and Africa (region of the Maghreb and Black Africa), and the goals the key international actors (particularly, FRG and France) pursue to stabilize the situation in these regions. Finally, it draws a conclusion that Russia will play a beneficial role in the European security architecture and reveals the points of convergence between H. Münkler’s ideas and those discussed in the Germanic studies in Russia.

Key words: security policy, European Union, Russian Federation, China, dialogue of cultures, Russia-Germany relations, Russia-France relations, H. Münkler.

O.Yu. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of International Relations, the Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies, Novosibirsk, Russia

REGIONS OF STATES AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION

In the article the author considers the concept of regions, analyzes their participation in the processes of globalization and regionalization. The problem is very relevant. Globalization and regionalization bring the regions of states to the international scene. These processes require scientific research. Based on the relevance, the goal of this work is to show a qualitative transformation of the concept of region, to reveal the role of regions of states in the processes of globalization and regionalization. The main task is to show that they can simultaneously be objects and subjects of both globalization and regionalization.

In the process of research, the author used system methodology to make the object of research appear as an integral, complex system of international regional relations and cooperation. In the work the following results were achieved: the concept of region is defined, proceeding from the subject of scientific research; it is shown that regions of states can be both objects and subjects of both globalization and regionalization. In the course of the research, the author came to the following conclusion: a region (subnational or sub-state region) is the part of the state, endowed with a certain status for carrying out administrative functions, located between the state and local level of power and not empowered as a subject of international law.

At the regional level, regionalization can develop in two ways - through localization and isolationism. The simultaneous participation of regions in globalization and localization leads to a glocalization of international interaction.

Opening the interstate borders, globalization facilitated the activities of the sub-state regions in the world stage, thereby stimulating their activity, and the sub-state regions themselves stimulate the development of globalization and the transparency of borders.

Key words: globalization, regionalization, regionalism, regions of states, state, international relations, international cooperation, international communication, sub-state regions, glocalization, transparency, border of states.

M.Yu. MARTYNOVА Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

N.V. SHULENINA Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

V.P. BELYAEVA deputy director for teaching and educational work, the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow «School №97», Moscow, Russia

ARCTIC VECTOR OF EAST ASIAN POLICY

The article is devoted to the study of the content and approaches to the analysis of the arctic policy of China, South Korea and Japan through the prism of Russia's economic and geopolitical interests. The author summarizes the information, expert assessments of the activities of the three East Asian countries in the region, describes the key elements of Russia's dialogue and cooperation with these countries on the development of the Arctic zone. The analysis showed that despite the existence of a conflict of interest on a number of issues in the development of the Arctic, a basis has been created for mutually beneficial relations between Russia and the leading East Asian countries in the region. At the same time, the Russian state needs to step up efforts to improve the model of regional cooperation with interested countries to protect and promote their rights and interests.

Key words: politics in the Arctic, Russia, China, Republic of Korea, Japan.

A.A. KRUTKO Doctoral student of the Department of International Relations Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

FOREIGN POLICY APPROACHES OF THE USA AND RUSSIA TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WORLD ORDER

The international political reality that developed in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries is characterized not only by the negative consequences of the collapse of the USSR, but also by the increase in the economic potential and political influence of the new centers of world growth, to which the BRICS and the SCO primarily belong. Transformation of the system of international relations, the transition to the principle of multicentricity causes increased scientific interest and numerous discussions of scientists and practicing politicians. The purpose of this article is to consider the actual theoretical constructs and foreign policy approaches of the US and Russia to an understanding of the world order. In particular, the US National Security Strategies 2002, 2006, 2010, 2015 and 2017, the Concept of Russia's Foreign Policy 2000, 2008, 2013, 2016, as well as the political statements of the leaders of these states on the issues of the world order have been analyzed. It is shown that despite the change of US presidents, the purpose of the foreign policy of that country continues to be the preservation of the model of a unipolar world under the slogan "America is in the first place". The United States, through military and "soft" instruments, is implementing a foreign policy designed to ensure the preservation of a monocentric world order and American world leadership. Russia's foreign policy is oriented towards building a new polycentric model of the world order. This model includes three basic elements: the United Nations as guarantor of global strategic stability; a network of regional organizations interacting with the United Nations to ensure regional stability; bilateral relations between states, based on mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression and non-interference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, peaceful coexistence and other universally recognized principles of international law.

The author comes to the conclusion that the concept of "world order" proves to be one of the most effective research tools of modern political science, allowing to disclose the motivation of the activities of major foreign policy actors, including modern states, global and regional interstate associations.

Key words: world order, unipolar, bipolar, multipolar models of the world order, centers of power, multi-centered world, national security strategies of the United States, concepts of Russia's foreign policy, principles of international law.

N.E. ZHURBINA Phd. in History, Voronezh State University, Faculty of International Relations, Chair of Regional Studies and Economies of Foreign Countries, Voronezh, Russia

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF SETTLING LABOR MIGRATION IN EUROPE

Labour market globalization and establishment of the European economic space have enabled a free movement of the European citizens across the European Union with different goals, including for the purpose of employment. But if the European migration policy in the 20th century had an aim to overcome the lack of low-qualified and qualified workers, in the 21st century European countries have to attract more highly-qualified migrants who can help in the economic development and innovations. The article analyzes the main problems and tools of the labour migration regulation in Europe at the present time.

Key words: migration, labour migration, European economic development, migrant workers.