Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 15, Issue 4 (116), 2025
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Razinkov D.A. Ideological-Disciplinary Genesis of the Concept of Political Culture
Soldatov Yu.V. Elite Pluralism as a Theoretical Basis for Analyzing the Interaction of Interest Groups in Polyarchy
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. Political History of the 90s. Strokes Towards a Political Portrait of B.N. Yeltsin
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Shiyapova E.A. Spiritual and Moral Values as the Basis of Modern Russian Politics
Kozlova D.A. E. Junger on the Role of East and West in the Formation of a New World Order
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Zaslavsky S.E., Lukushin V.A. To the Question of Assessing the Effectiveness of Modern Electoral Systems: Legal Framework and Political Practices
Kharitonova L.N., Sterlikov A.V. Development of Federal Relations in the Russian Space of the Post-Soviet Period
Sopov I.A. Political Competence and Political Knowledge as Objective Factors of Political Participation
Melnichuk D.V. Evolution of Administrative-Territorial Management of Ukrainian Lands in the Russian Empire: from Hetmanate to the Governorate System
Petrov E.S. Peculiarities of the Opportunistic Model of Relations Between Regional Executive and Legislative Authorities of the Russian Federation in the Context of New Challenges
Gavrov S.N., Eremkin M.P. Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Political Advertising
Dadaev Z.A. The Role of "New" Media in the Formation of Socio-Political Values of the Russian Youth
Yakhshiyan O.Yu., Soldatenko I.S. Media Memory: Between Soft Power and Mnemonic Conflicts
Belevich P.M. Islamist Movements in the Context of Political Institutionalization: the Dialectic of Ideology, Adaptability and External Factors of Influence
Rodionova M.E., Kuznetsov O.V. Between the Market and the State: Endount Funds as Actors of Political and Economic Processes in the USA (Cases of Harvard, Stanford and International Parallels)
Batygov D.M. Value Imperatives of Regional Ethnocultural Policy in the Conditions of Social Transformation: Experience of the Republic of Ingushetia
Stroykov V.A. The Main Conflict-Causing Factors in the Construction of Ethnopolitical Processes in the Russian Federation at the Present Stage
Cai Jingyu. A Comparative Study of Technological Innovations in the Political and Economic Fields of China and Russia within the Framework of Sustainable Development
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Panteleimonov D.G. Prerequisites for Creating the Strategic National Priority "Saving the People of Russia and Developing Human Potential" (Part I)
Norov R.R. Technological Innovation as a Means of Increasing Inclusion in Higher Education
Samgurov A.Sh. Agrarian Policy as a Mechanism for Ensuring Food Security: Subject and Functional Features
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Muravykh A.I., Nikitenko E.G., Starodub I.V. Integral World War (Part II)
Danilenko R.A., Sukhovey A.V., Prudnikov K.A., Sagymbayev A.T. The Doctrine of Nuclear Deterrence: a Comparison of the Strategies of the Leading Nuclear Powers
Qiang Chong. Comparison of Similarities and Differences in Digital Diplomacy Strategies Between China, the USA, and Russia
Bakirov E.A. Formation of Russian-Azerbaijani Relations
Wang Liuying. The Strategic Choice of the Countries of the Global South in the Face of Profound Changes Unprecedented in the Last Century
Kazaryan S.I. The Role of Youth and Civil Society in the Implementation of Reconciliation Policy Between Turkey and Armenia
Starostenko K.V., Savinova E.N., Golishevsky M.B. Ethnopolitical Identity as a Factor in the 2024 Parliamentary Elections in North Macedonia (Part II)
Delov V.V. South Caucasus: Soft Power in Georgian-Turkish Relations in the 21st Century
Zhavoronkova E.A. Is the Eastern Mediterranean a New Region or Not? (Analysis Based on the Works of Russian Researchers)
Karavanskiy A.S. The Role of Russia and China in BRICS Association Amid the Rise of a Multipolar World
Matveyeva D.V., Kuzyakin A.G. Digitalization as a Tool of PRC's Soft Power
Leon A.W. The Policy of the Russian Federation Towards Francophone African Countries in 2011-2024
Nikitin N.A. Developing NATO Information and Communication Technologies Capabilities Using for Military-Political Purposes in the Context of International Security
Yatsenko A.S., Maystat M.A. Features of the Use of Electronic and Digital Government Services in Foreign Countries
Petukhova M.V., Shalkova V.A., Bespalov A.V., Mashura S.V. Soviet Diplomacy at the Final Stage of the Great Patriotic War: Formation of the Post-War World Order
Tian Xin. Geopolitical Influence of China-Russia Energy Resource Trade: from “Energy Dependency” to “Energy Security Community”
Filippov V.R. Senegal's 2023 Elections: the Decline of «Francefrique»
Hao Ruijie, Vang Jun, Golyakova V.A., Belkina N.V. Challenges and Countermeasures to Oil and Gas Cooperation Between China and Russia
Elimkhadzhiev R. The Information Confrontation Between the United States and China on the Taiwan Issue: Strategies, Tools, Effectiveness
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
Medvedev N.P. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Main Activities. Part Two
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.001
D.A. RAZINKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law of the Faculty of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
IDEOLOGICAL-DISCIPLINARY GENESIS OF THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL CULTURE
The problem of this article can be expressed in the following contradiction: on the one hand, there is an obvious high intensity of use of the concept of "political culture" in the near-expert or philistine environment, associated, as Lucien Pai noted, with its apparent intuitiveness; on the other hand, criticism of the concept is no less intense, primarily for its breadth and "umbrella". In this regard, a productive approach to the study of this political science concept is the analysis of the context of the concept's origin, the prerequisites and conditions for its introduction into political and scientific usage, which will be the subject of this article.
Key words: political culture, history of political science, american political science, culturology, Cold War, behavioral approach, positivism, structural functionalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.002
Yu.V. SOLDATOV Expert of the Center for Applied Research and Programs, Russia, Moscow
ELITE PLURALISM AS A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR ANALYZING THE INTERACTION OF INTEREST GROUPS IN POLYARCHY
The article examines the issue of using the concept of elite pluralism as a theoretical basis for analyzing the interaction of interest groups within a polyarchic regime. The methodology of the work is built on the basis of a combination of elements of structural and comparative analysis. The author comes to the conclusion about the need to adapt the classical model of elite pluralism to the national specifics of specific countries based on the study of their political and economic history and socio-cultural specifics, as well as in order to take into account the corrective influence of scientific and technological development and accompanying transformations in the life of society and the functioning of business structures.
Key words: elite pluralism, concept of functional representation, neo-pluralism, interest groups.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.003
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor RUDN named after Patrice Lumumba, author of the monograph "Political Leadership of Rus-Russia: Origins and Contradictions GRAND STRATEGY (GRAND STRATEGY), Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chairman of the Commission of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations, People's Deputy of Russia (1990-1993), Member of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Council of the USSR (1991) Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE 90S. STROKES TOWARDS A POLITICAL PORTRAIT OF B.N. YELTSIN
Quite recently by historical standards, only 35-25 years ago, a fleeting and stormy revolutionary change threw "new" leaders and simply politicians, representatives of various political, ethnic and religious movements not only into the old square, but also onto the surface of the political and social life of a country huge in every sense. To understand the value of that revolutionary (others consider it counter-revolutionary!?) era, we emphasize, perhaps, in our opinion, not only through analysis, but also through its explanation and understanding from the standpoint of not abstraction, but taking into account and comparing the past with the present. Against the background and in the circumstances of the current political moment, where there is room for both optimism and serious dangers for the country's security from the threats of separatism and terrorism; especially for security with the loss of unity and consolidation within society and within the ruling class, there is a need to subject the political history of the turn of the 80-90s to a deeper analysis and understanding. XX century. The article attempts to assess an important historical event in the preparation of the draft of the new Union Treaty in early 1991. During the preparation of the treaty, the interests of the leaders of the USSR and the leadership of the RSFSR on the constitutionality of this document diverged sharply. The main source of this political crisis was the law on changing the subjectivity of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in April 1990. This law equalized the status of 20 Autonomous Republics and 15 Union Republics. The problem was that out of 20 autonomous republics of the USSR, 16 autonomies were part of the RSFSR. The further development of this political crisis also affected the personal relations of the President of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev and the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin. Memories of the Chairman of the Commission of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, N.P. Medvedev.
Key words: M.S. Gorbachev, B.N. Yeltsin, the draft of the new Union Treaty, political conflict, the status of autonomous republics, my working meetings, the memoirs of N.P. Medvedev.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.004
E.A. SHIYAPOVA Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES AS THE BASIS OF MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICS
The article examines in historical discourse the spiritual and moral values used in Russian state policy, taking into account the national idea and in the light of the relevance of preserving the civilizational identity of the Russian world in the context of modern conflict with Western civilization, and reviews the normative acts of the Russian Federation, which include in their content the semantic attitudes of traditional spiritual and moral values. The article is aimed at defining native Russian spiritual and moral values. The theoretical and methodological basis and information base of the research are scientific publications and materials of various scientists, both foreign and domestic, regulatory and policy documents of the Russian Federation. Methods of systematic, comparative and expert analysis were used in the preparation of the article. The author concludes that traditional universal values such as patriotism and service to the Fatherland, family and children, creative work and creativity, life and dignity of the individual, collectivism and humanism, historical memory and continuity of generations, etc., should be the basis of state policy in Russia and all countries that are ready to build a new one a multipolar world based on the principles of mutual respect. Russian Russian rule-making over the past decade has also identified the rejection of blindly following the vector of neoliberal Western civilization and a change in the state course towards traditional, native Russian spiritual and moral values formulated in the medieval legal document of the Moscow state, Russkaya Pravda. In conclusion, the main directions and tasks that need to be solved by the state apparatus of the Russian Federation for the required semantic content of the existing system of normative legal acts are presented.
Key words: state policy, spiritual and moral values, Western civilization, national idea, Russian civilization, traditional values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.005
D.A. KOZLOVA Education and methodology specialist of Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Expert of the Center “Sochi (Russian-Austrian) Dialogue Secretariat” of the MGIMO MFA of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E. JUNGER ON THE ROLE OF EAST AND WEST IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER
The article is devoted to the political and textual analysis of the “Verdun Speech” delivered by Ernst Jünger in 1979. The author aimed to consider the possibility of applying the methodology of political textology to the German thinker’s works. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to characterize the historical and biographical context of the speech's creation, to analyze the text at the level of the direct word, the rhetorical means and techniques used, a priori assumptions and ideas.
The research is based on such complementary principles and approaches as the principles of scientificity and integrity. In the course of his work, the author turned to a wide range of historical, political and other scientific methods. Among them are political and textual analysis, historical and biographical analysis, comparative analysis, discourse analysis, induction and deduction.
As a result of the research, the author found that the “Verdun Speech” is a source that links both periods of the thinker's work and fits into the general strategy of Jünger's adaptation to the FRG politics. The text is addressed to a conservative-minded intellectuals capable of critically comprehending technological progress. The speech has a familiar construction, it is characterized by dual modality, while the syllable and rate of progression are even. In the text, Junger used different types of argumentation, graphic emphasis and rhetorical means. The author's picture of the world is focused on the past, with the territory of Western Europe acting as the main space for the realization of the text's ideas.
Key words: German history of social and political studies, XX century, the political textology, E. Junger.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.006
S.E. ZASLAVSKY Doctor of Law, Professor of the Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
V.A. LUKUSHIN Assistant of the Department of Political Science, Postgraduate Student, Junior Research Fellow of the Center for Political Studies, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MODERN ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND POLITICAL PRACTICES
The article considers the problem of assessing the effectiveness of modern electoral systems in various countries of the world. By «effectiveness» the authors mean the ability of electoral systems to guarantee the free expression of the will of citizens, to implement the political will of the people. The authors indicate the importance of operationalizing this category for the purpose of further practical use. Based on the analysis of international experience in assessing electoral systems, the crisis state of this institution is declared, expressed in the absence of a relevant, objective and expected methodology for such an assessment, as well as in the massive rejection of sovereign states from the established standards of such an assessment, developed mainly by Western countries and intergovernmental organizations that have previously demonstrated their political bias and exceptional subjectivity. The article highlights the main challenges facing researchers of world electoral systems and electoral experts, as well as promising areas for the development of this area related to the development of new proposals that take into account the current political context, the realities of the digital age, as well as national characteristics while observing the universal principles of democratic expression of the will of citizens.
Key words: electoral systems, electoral process, elections, electoral procedures, election standards, evaluation of the effectiveness of electoral systems, electoral reliability.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.007
L.N. KHARITONOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Lecturer, Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Educational Institution of Trade Unions of Higher Education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations", Moscow, Russia
A.V. STERLIKOV Postgraduate Student, Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Educational Institution of Trade Unions of Higher Education "Academy of Labor and Social Relations", Moscow, Russia
DEVELOPMENT OF FEDERAL RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN SPACE OF THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD
The article presents a brief analysis of the development of the theory of federalism in the state organization of Russia in the post-Soviet period. The article examines the positions of modern researchers of federal issues, which note the features of modern Russian state building. The article emphasizes that the discussion of problems regarding the prospects for the development of domestic statehood is debatable. Alternative approaches to the possible organization of the state that existed in the past and are being revived in the present are highlighted. In this context, the understanding of the nature of Russian statehood from the standpoint of theories of civilism and the currently popular in the study of states, uniting large territorial spaces with a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional population, as states-civilizations is highlighted. This approach is widespread in the domestic scientific community. According to the adherents of this theory, the consideration of Russia and its statehood as a civilization will ensure the preservation of statehood in the current territorial expanses, its sovereign existence, despite the globalization processes gravitating towards the unification of the social existence of mankind.
Key words: theory of federalism; dismantling of the Soviet-type statehood, symmetry and asymmetry in the development of federal relations, federal structure of modern Russia, prospects for the development of domestic federalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.008
I.A. SOPOV Applicant GAOU VO "Komi Republican Academy of Public Administration and Management", Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
POLITICAL COMPETENCE AND POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE AS OBJECTIVE FACTORS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
The article analyzes the transition from objectivity to the reconstruction of situations of political knowledge production. The article states the existence of a crisis of the principle of objectivity, the genesis of objectivity, analyzes the theoretical approaches of the classics of philosophical science (Kant, Hume) who sought to universally substantiate knowledge through a priori principles (Kant) or empirical verification (Hume). "Kant's synthesis" of political knowledge can be considered as objectivity, as compliance with moral and rational norms (categorical imperative). "Humean" skepticism is noted, in which knowledge is considered a product of experience and habit, which undermines the universality of ethics and politics. Scientific revolutions of the 20th century showed the dependence of "objectivity" on paradigms, logical empiricists rejected synthetic a priori judgments, declaring normative statements "meaningless". The article proposes to replace the principle of objectivity with an analysis of the contexts in which political knowledge is created. This includes the study of the external environment, the reconstruction of events. The study of the concepts of political subjects (parties, movements) through their own understanding of reality. The criteria of the truth of knowledge such as effectiveness is the ability of knowledge to predict and explain political processes, relevance as compliance with the goals and values of actors (for example, how environmental movements see a "fair climate policy"). The dual task of political science is to predict and understand the roles of political actors, interpret the motives, values and cultural context of participants in the political process. The polydiscursivity of the study records the integration of descriptive, normative and value elements into a single analytical framework. It is noted that the concept of realism ignores value pluralism and cultural characteristics, and the concept of postpositivism means the rejection of universal rationality, an emphasis is formed on the pluralism of knowledge and the relativity of truth. The legitimacy of politics is not limited to effectiveness – it depends on recognition by actors. The new paradigm of political science is the transition from objectivity to contextuality, the truth in politics is not an absolute, but a product of the interaction of actors in specific conditions. Polydiscursivity as a method of political knowledge means a combination of quantitative methods with interpretive analytics.
Key words: positivism, political knowledge, politics, morality, information, communication.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.009
D.V. MELNICHUK Graduate of the Russian State Humanities University (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
Scientific supervisor:
M.N. GRACHEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Political Science Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies of the Historical and Archival Institute of the Russian State Humanities University (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT OF UKRAINIAN LANDS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: FROM HETMANATE TO THE GOVERNORATE SYSTEM
The article examines the historical dynamics of territorial and political transformations of Ukrainian lands in the context of their interaction with Eastern and Western powers. The study covers the period from the establishment of Kievan Rus to the collapse of the Russian Empire, with particular emphasis on the Hetmanate era and the subsequent integration of Ukrainian territories into the Russian state. The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the Russian Empire's national policy, the challenges of administrative management of annexed territories, and the formation of state-wide identity. Special attention is paid to the evolution of state policy towards national borderlands and its impact on the development of interethnic relations within the empire. The article explores factors that contributed to the growth of national consciousness and the subsequent collapse of the imperial system.
Key words: Ukraine, Russian Empire, Hetmanate, national policy, territorial transformations, interethnic relations, state governance, national identity, administrative integration, imperial system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.010
E.S. PETROV Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
PECULIARITIES OF THE OPPORTUNISTIC MODEL OF RELATIONS BETWEEN REGIONAL EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW CHALLENGES
The article is devoted to the problem of the effectiveness of models of interaction between regional executive and legislative authorities in modern conditions. The adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 and the subsequent introduction of the system of unified public power allowed to streamline the coordination of state and municipal governance systems and, as a consequence, to increase the efficiency of interaction between the authorities of all levels. After February 2022, foreign policy challenges had a significant impact on the regional level of governance as well. They not only reoriented the country's market to the southern and eastern directions, but also allowed transforming the established logistic models, which could not but affect the regional economic policy. In many respects, the efficiency of implementation is also connected with the format of relations between regional public authorities, which determines the structure of regional public policy. In Russia, we can identify two regions in which public authorities functioned in a state of prolonged political conflict - the Vladimir region and St. Petersburg in the period from 2018 to 2021 in the framework of the so-called opportunistic strategy. These cases are used to analyze regional politics at the level of institutional design and political practices. The specificity of the internal political situation of the subjects under consideration consists in a rather long-standing model of relations due to the confrontation of regional executive and legislative authorities, as well as local self-government bodies. The results of the study confirm the fact that institutionally strong executive power turns out to be not quite effective in choosing an opportunistic strategy of behavior. The analysis identifies the main factors that together affect the formation of the model of interaction between regional public authorities.
Key words: executive power, legislative power, opportunistic model, unified system of public power.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.011
S.N. GAVROV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University, Moscow, Russia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-6022
M.P. EREMKIN Student of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN POLITICAL ADVERTISING
With each passing year, artificial intelligence is entering our lives more and more firmly and becoming an integral part of it. We see AI coming to the forefront in many areas of activity, facilitating and automating the work of many businesses. Politics is no exception. Yes, it can't replace diplomats, it can't make decisions instead of officials, but it can empower political advertising specialists. Elections are an integral part of a society's political life. Behind hundreds of candidates are hundreds of political technologists, whose goal is to promote and win by all possible means. Specialists have to work with a large amount of information, with various tools, it is important for them to properly conduct analytical and campaigning work to find the most optimal strategy to win. And in this they can be helped by modern technologies, in particular neural networks. The purpose of our work is to analyze the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in the field of political advertising. We have the task to find and justify the most optimal and effective methods of using AI in the course of an election campaign. At this point in time, this topic is relevant and in demand. Progress in the world of information technology does not stand still and affects many spheres of activity and continues to develop. Many new opportunities are opening up in front of us, which we need to be able to take advantage of and try to make the most of.
Key words: artificial intelligence, political advertising, political technology, elections, politics, neural network, AI, election campaign, campaigning.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.012
Z.A. DADAEV Specialist in the Department of Education, Centralized Islamic religious organization "Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan", Makhachkala, Russia
THE ROLE OF "NEW" MEDIA IN THE FORMATION OF SOCIO-POLITICAL VALUES OF THE RUSSIAN YOUTH
In this article, the introduction substantiates the relevance of the problem of the influence of new mass media on the formation of socio-political values in the minds of Russian youth. In addition, the introduction outlines the purpose, objectives, hypotheses, and arguments based on various sources of information. In the course of scientific research, a complete and exhaustive description of the new mass media is given, the specific aspects of the media in comparison with traditional ones are revealed, examples are given to prove the arguments expressed, the problem is investigated both from the point of view of modern reality and in the process of its development. The article uses extensive material of scientific articles and statistical information. The method of observation and analysis allowed us to uncover the problem of media influence on young people and show the pros and cons, as well as the scale of the existing influence and its consequences. At the conclusion of the work, conclusions are drawn on the identified problem and promising ways to solve the problem are proposed.New media is one of the most important ways to form the value orientations of young people, which is facilitated by the distinctive features of new media, such as hyperactivity, multimedia, personalization, and the absence of intermediaries between the media and a person. Assessing the role of new media in the socio-political orientations of Russian youth and ways of their formation, based on a wide range of scientific publications, statistical data and Internet materials, the author comes to the conclusion that there are not only positive but also negative aspects that allow us to show the ambiguous nature of this phenomenon in the life of society. This, in turn, requires a differentiated approach based on the information received. Accordingly, representatives of government agencies, public organizations and associations will have to develop a whole range of strategic measures to either prevent or mitigate the negative effects of the influence of new media on Russian youth.
Key words: media, society, politics, values, youth, Russia, spirituality, morality.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.013
O.Yu. YAKHSHIYAN PhD in history, associate professor, Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
I.S. SOLDATENKO Master's Degree, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
MEDIA MEMORY: BETWEEN SOFT POWER AND MNEMONIC CONFLICTS
The article examines such a phenomenon as media representation of the past in popular culture. The research focuses on the study of the mass culture of East Asian countries (Korea and Japan). The research methods used were the developments of such approaches as memory studies and media studies. The increasing importance of media representation of the past for the formation of "soft power" is noted. At the same time, the article focuses on the mnemonic conflicts that arise around such works. Conflicts arise due to the inconsistency of narratives promoted in popular culture with official historical narratives. Disputes may also concern the exclusive ownership of certain cultural and historical markers of "soft power." A special phenomenon in the context of media memory is the phenomenon of "cancellation culture", which has intensified against the background of global digitalization. The way out of this situation is to establish an agonistic regime of historical memory.
Key words: media memory, cancellation culture, soft power, historical memory, popular culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.014
P.M. BELEVICH Postgraduate student, Department of Political Analysis and Socio-Psychological Processes, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
ISLAMIST MOVEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE DIALECTIC OF IDEOLOGY, ADAPTABILITY AND EXTERNAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE
Islamist movements – in the dialectic of ideology, adaptability and external pressure – operate under structural constraints that determine their trajectories. Political institutionalization does not arise as a linear progression, but as a dynamic interaction between doctrinal recalibration and systemic adaptation. This study examines the mechanisms of the transition of Islamist movements from activism to governance, identifies the conditions that facilitate or hinder their institutionalization – ideological elasticity, strategic adaptation and external intervention act as decisive variables (quantitative parameters of Islamist governance confirm these dependencies). The analysis combines statistical modeling, comparative case studies and social movement theory. Data on election outcomes, rule duration, and ideological shifts provide a basis for assessing political resilience (Islamist parties with ideological flexibility scores >0.75 exhibit long-lasting rule, while rigid formations
Key words: doctrinal recalibration, electoral viability, hybrid governance, strategic co-optation, structural entrenchment, ideological elasticity, political resilience.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.015
M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of sociological sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Department of political science of the faculty of social sciences and mass communications, acting executive director of the Endowment Fund of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
O.V. KUZNETSOV Doctor of economic sciences, professor, founder and Chairman of the Fund for the Preservation of the Vasnetsov Cultural Heritage, Moscow, Russia
BETWEEN THE MARKET AND THE STATE: ENDOUNT FUNDS AS ACTORS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PROCESSES IN THE USA (CASES OF HARVARD, STANFORD AND INTERNATIONAL PARALLELS)
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the endowment funds of leading American universities (including Harvard, Stanford, and others), focusing on their investment strategies, institutional architecture, and their role in ensuring the financial sustainability of higher education institutions. Special attention is given to asset management models, including Asset-Liability Management (ALM) approaches, portfolio allocation across various asset classes (equities, bonds, alternative investments, real estate), and the role of specialized management structures. The article reviews key U.S. regulatory frameworks governing endowment operations, particularly the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act (UPMIFA) and its influence on university financial planning.
The study highlights the challenges posed by external political and public pressures on university endowments, including calls to revise investment policies, implement ESG principles, and address social responsibility issues. A comparative analysis of risks associated with high exposure to alternative assets is provided, along with strategic decisions made by universities to maintain long-term returns and liquidity.
The author explores the role of endowment funds not only as financial institutions but also as actors influencing academic autonomy, institutional development strategies, and political independence in the face of contemporary global challenges. The article draws on an extensive array of analytical reports (including NACUBO data, university investment office reports, and international studies), providing a high level of empirical validity and relevance.
Key words: endowment fund, U.S. universities, investment strategy, university autonomy, political pressure, Harvard, Stanford, sustainable development, targeted capital, asset management.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.016
D.M. BATYGOV Applicant for the degree of candidate of political sciences Department of Political Science IMOMI NNSU named after N. I. Lobachevsky, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
VALUE IMPERATIVES OF REGIONAL ETHNOCULTURAL POLICY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION: EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
The article examines regional aspects of the implementation of state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional values using the example of the Republic of Ingushetia. The socio-economic and cultural-historical factors determining the specifics of regional identity are analyzed. The features of youth policy in the context of preserving ethnocultural heritage are considered. Priority areas of state national policy aimed at harmonizing interethnic and interfaith relations, strengthening civil unity and overcoming social disparities are identified. It is shown that the multi-ethnic composition of the republic's population contributes to the formation of traditions of good neighborliness and mutual respect. The need for a comprehensive program-targeted approach to solving existing problems is substantiated, taking into account the specifics of the region, which ensures a synergistic effect of various areas of state policy and creates a stable foundation for ethnosocial stability.
Key words: state policy, traditional values, education, youth policy, socio-political processes, spirituality, culture, Republic of Ingushetia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.017
V.A. STROYKOV Expert of «Academic Alliance», Moscow, Russia
THE MAIN CONFLICT-CAUSING FACTORS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ETHNOPOLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE
The current problems of the development of ethnopolitical processes within the framework of Russian society and the state are characterized by problematicity and inconsistency, including in the context of actualized foreign policy risks. In the current Russian socio-political discourse, there are destabilizing trends and tendencies that threaten the stability and sustainability of the constructed ethnopolitical processes. In particular, the demand for the dissemination of historically and culturally determined traditions and values, the harmonization of interethnic and ethnonational relations, the strengthening of control measures in the context of national security, etc. is being actualized. It also seems advisable to develop appropriate measures to positivize the geopolitical positioning of the Russian Federation in modern conditions.
Key words: culture, migration, interethnic relations, ethnocultural conflicts, ethnopolitical process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.018
CAI JINGYU Ph.D. Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FIELDS OF CHINA AND RUSSIA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The article is a comparative study of technological innovations in the political and economic systems of China and Russia in the context of sustainable development goals. The IMRAD structure allows for the systematization of the analysis along key directions: an introduction to the problem, research methods, results, and their discussion. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic, which is linked to the necessity of balancing environmental, economic, and social priorities in the face of global challenges. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of the state strategies of the two countries, an evaluation of regulatory documents, as well as a study of cases involving the implementation of “green” technologies, the digitization of public administration, and the modernization of industry. The research results demonstrate that China relies on centralized planning, large-scale investments in renewable energy (solar, wind), and the creation of innovation clusters. Russia, on the other hand, combines state programs (for example, in nuclear energy) with market mechanisms, emphasizing regional characteristics and cooperation with international partners. In both countries, the key drivers are the digitization of agriculture, the decarbonization of industry, and the development of infrastructure. The discussion highlights the role of the state as a catalyst for innovation, yet reveals differences: the Chinese model is based on a strict vertical management structure, whereas in Russia the role of the private sector is significant. Special attention is given to social aspects – the readiness of society for change, as well as issues related to personnel shortages. The conclusion justifies the need for hybrid approaches that combine state regulation, market instruments, and international cooperation to achieve sustainable development goals.
Key words: technological innovations, sustainable development, political and economic systems, China and Russia, international cooperation.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.019
D.G. PANTELEIMONOV Master's student, Institute of Law and National Security, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia SPIN-code: 5332-9562
PREREQUISITES FOR CREATING THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL PRIORITY "SAVING THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA AND DEVELOPING HUMAN POTENTIAL"
PART I
The study analyzes the complex prerequisites for creating the strategic national priority "Preservation of the people of Russia and development of human potential". The social, economic, scientific, technological, cultural, spiritual and moral aspects of Russia's development are considered, which served as prerequisites for changing the vector of state policy, which was expressed in the adoption of the updated National security strategy of the Russian Federation in 2021 and the consolidation in it of the highest national interest and the corresponding strategic national priority in the field of preserving the people and developing human potential. The change in the state approach to solving problems in this area is considered: the main documents of strategic goal-setting are analyzed – the President's addresses to the Federal Assembly preceding the year of adoption of the current national security strategy, as well as the 2024 Address. The importance of human potential development is shown as the basis for the successful development of the state and ensuring its national security.
Key words: national security, preserving the people of Russia, human potential, prerequisites for creating a strategic national priority, public administration, state policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.020
R.R. NOROV Postgraduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, Orel, Russia SPIN-code: 4244-7070 AuthorID: 1163183
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AS A MEANS OF INCREASING INCLUSION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of modern technologies on the creation of an inclusive educational environment in higher education institutions. In the context of globalization and the rapid development of information technology, the issue of inclusion is becoming especially relevant, since it is directly related to ensuring equal access to education for all categories of students, including people with disabilities. The author examines key technological tools and platforms, such as adaptive educational technologies, online courses and virtual reality, which help simplify the learning process and make it accessible to a wide range of students. Research shows that the use of these technologies not only improves the quality of the educational process, but also promotes the social integration of students. The article also analyzes examples of successful implementation of innovative solutions in Russian and foreign universities and their impact on the educational and extracurricular activities of students. Particular attention is paid to the problems faced by educational institutions when implementing these technologies, as well as the development of recommendations for their effective use. The author's main conclusions include the importance of interaction between state educational standards and the use of technological innovations as a key factor in the development of inclusive education, opening up new horizons for increasing the availability and quality of educational services.
Key words: technological innovations, artificial intelligence, inclusion, higher education, inclusion in education, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.021
A.Sh. SAMGUROV Postgraduate student at the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the South Russian Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
AGRARIAN POLICY AS A MECHANISM FOR ENSURING FOOD SECURITY: SUBJECT AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES
The article examines the current political problems of ensuring food security in the context of global counteraction from the countries of the collective West, including bans on food imports and sanctions against the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The purpose of the study is to identify the main mechanisms for ensuring food security. The objectives are to identify the main actors in the implementation of agricultural policy and determine their functions. To achieve this goal and solve the research, it required the use of a wide range of methods of political analysis. The article defines that the basic mechanism for ensuring food security is the agrarian policy. Along with the main actor of modern agar policy represented by state and municipal authorities, agricultural producers, associations and associations of agricultural producers, processing enterprises and retail chains, scientific and educational institutions, public organizations, and international organizations have a great influence on the processes of its implementation. The article concludes that effective agricultural policy can only be implemented as a result of constructive interaction between all actors. Nevertheless, state actors play a dominant role, and optimal communication between government, business, and society on food security issues depends on them.
Key words: agrarian policy, food security, political actors, political processes, interaction of government and business.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.022
A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
I.V. STARODUB Colonel, Candidate of Political Sciences, Acting Head of the Department of Public Administration and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
INTEGRAL WORLD WAR
PART II
The article analyzes the self-organization of the world community from the standpoint of a system-synergetic approach. The contradiction between the collective West and the Global East and South is highlighted. The concept of "integral world war" is introduced, its essence and manifestations are revealed. The US policy is aimed at maintaining a unipolar world (world domination) "by force" with an emphasis on the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies that determine the superiority of the United States in the military and economic spheres. Russia and China are at the forefront of the formation of a new world order that meets the agreed interests of the global majority, the crystallization center of which is BRICS. The bifurcation point dividing the directions of building a world order is the outcome of the military conflict in Ukraine. The process of self-organization of mankind has moved into a dangerous zone of increasing risk of a global military catastrophe.
Key words: world war, transnational elite, world contradiction, US policy, artificial intelligence, military conflict in Ukraine.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.023
R.A. DANILENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Military Training Center of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russia
A.V. SUKHOVEY Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russia
K.A. PRUDNIKOV Student of the International Law Institute of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russia
A.T. SAGYMBAYEV Student of the International Law Institute of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russia
THE DOCTRINE OF NUCLEAR DETERRENCE: A COMPARISON OF THE STRATEGIES OF THE LEADING NUCLEAR POWERS
The article analyzes the doctrines of nuclear deterrence of the leading nuclear powers, such as the Russian Federation, the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. The key aspects of deterrence strategies are considered, in particular the principles of the use of nuclear weapons, the conditions of their use, as well as the role of nuclear forces in the overall national security system. Special attention is paid to comparing the approaches of Russia and the United States as traditional leaders in the field of nuclear arsenal. The unique features of China's doctrine, characterized by the concept of minimal deterrence, are analyzed. A historical review of the development of nuclear doctrines has been carried out. Differences in nuclear strategies are investigated, taking into account the geopolitical conditions, historical factors and military priorities of each country. The key contradictions in approaches to deterrence are highlighted and the possible consequences of their implementation for international security are predicted. The author examines the role of international treaties and arms control mechanisms in shaping nuclear deterrence strategies. The growing importance of changes in nuclear doctrines in the context of global stability was noted. Conclusions are drawn about the need to strengthen multilateral dialogue to prevent nuclear conflicts in the context of modern geopolitical challenges.
Key words: nuclear deterrence, nuclear doctrine, international security, Russia, the United States, China, strategic arms, arms control, nuclear nonproliferation, geopolitical stability.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.024
QIANG CHONG Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
COMPARISON OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN DIGITAL DIPLOMACY STRATEGIES BETWEEN CHINA, THE USA, AND RUSSIA
This study is devoted to a comparative analysis of digital diplomacy strategies in China, the USA, and Russia, which is justified by the increasing role of information technology in international relations. The article examines the key areas, approaches, and methods of digital interaction used by the major global actors, with the aim of identifying both common trends and the peculiarities of national strategies.
The introduction justifies the relevance of studying digital diplomacy in view of the globalization of the information space and the growing influence of network communications in achieving foreign policy objectives. The aim of the study is to systematize and comparatively analyze the mechanisms of digital diplomacy used in China, the USA, and Russia, as well as to determine the factors that contribute to their success or failure in the context of modern geopolitical competition.
The methods section describes the main research approaches: comparative policy analysis, case studies, content analysis of official statements and digital platforms, as well as expert interviews with representatives of the diplomatic community. This interdisciplinary approach allowed for covering a wide range of aspects of digital diplomacy, including information security, cyber protection, and the social impact on the international audience.
The results section presents the main differences and similarities in the approaches of the three countries. China emphasizes centralized control of the information flow and the creation of a positive image through state digital channels. The USA focuses on the free dissemination of information and the use of multilateral platforms to promote the values of democracy, while Russia shows a tendency to use digital tools as an element of hybrid warfare and to influence public opinion in partner countries.
The discussion emphasizes that despite the presence of common mechanisms of interaction in the digital space, each country builds its own strategy based on national priorities and foreign policy interests. The findings of the study may serve as a basis for further research on the impact of digital technologies on international diplomacy and for developing recommendations to improve national strategies in the face of the information challenges of the 21st century.
Key words: digital diplomacy, strategies, comparison, similarities, differences.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.025
E.A. BAKIROV Graduate student of the Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy Institute of International Relations, history and oriental studies Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
FORMATION OF RUSSIAN-AZERBAIJANI RELATIONS
The article examines the stage of formation and development of Russian-Azerbaijani relations. Azerbaijan, as an independent state, practically from scratch begins to form its foreign policy course based on internal geopolitical interests.
Relations between Russia and modern independent Azerbaijan have developed ambiguously. A significant role in this process was played by third countries, which had a growing interest in the Caspian region, as well as the grave consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union.
One of the main acute issues between Moscow and Baku for many years was the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. But the main thing is that contact between the states was not interrupted even in the most difficult periods of bilateral relations. And it should be noted that it was during this period that a large number of interstate treaties and agreements were signed between Russia and Azerbaijan, which laid the foundation for cooperation to this day. Thus, Moscow and Baku laid a solid foundation for many years of friendly and good-neighborly relations based on equal terms of cooperation.
Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of Azerbaijan, cooperation, international relations, politics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.026
WANG LIUYING PhD in History, Department of Situation and Politics, Henan University of Science and Technology, China
THE STRATEGIC CHOICE OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE GLOBAL SOUTH IN THE FACE OF PROFOUND CHANGES UNPRECEDENTED IN THE LAST CENTURY
In the context of the systemic transformations that the modern system of world economic and political relations is undergoing, most States have to build new strategies for their development and establish their status in the structure of the new world order. This task is particularly relevant within the framework of a wide range of States belonging to the relatively new category of the "Global South". Their strategic choice determines the dynamics of transformations of the world order today. This determines the relevance of the stated topic and determines the purpose of the study of this article. The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic choice of the countries of the Global South in the context of profound changes taking place over the past century. To achieve it, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks: to determine the foundations of the transformations of the modern world system; to identify the strategic principles of the countries of the Global South implemented in this system. The methodological basis of the article is a complex combining the principles of globalism and neorealism. Their application allowed us to consider the policies of modern states in Asia, Africa and Latin America in the context of global systemic transformations. In accordance with these approaches, the article used methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as structural-diachronic methods and analysis of academic, analytical and regulatory materials. As a result of the research, it was found that modern states of the Global South are forming and developing strategies determined both by rethinking their role in the global system and by unprecedented transformations of the current world order. Today, they are focused on ensuring their development and status in the new international system. At the same time, the processes of consolidating efforts and ensuring the security of this system play an important role.
Key words: Global South, "third world", strategy, world order, international system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.027
S.I. KAZARYAN Postgraduate student, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE ROLE OF YOUTH AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECONCILIATION POLICY BETWEEN TURKEY AND ARMENIA
This article examines the role of youth and civil society in the process of normalizing Armenian-Turkish relations. It analyzes the initiatives of young activists and non-governmental organizations that contribute to dialogue and the overcoming of historical prejudices. Special attention is given to practical examples of cultural exchange programs, educational initiatives, joint projects, and civic actions aimed at fostering trust between the two nations. The study demonstrates that youth serve as a key driver of reconciliation, while civil society initiatives create sustainable mechanisms for engagement despite political barriers. The conclusions emphasize the importance of a long-term strategy involving civil society in peacebuilding processes as a foundation for a stable dialogue between Armenia and Turkey.
Key words: Armenian-Turkish relations, reconciliation, civil society, youth initiatives, public diplomacy, international exchanges, cultural cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.028
K.V. STAROSTENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General and Applied Political Science Oryol State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Oryol, Russia
E.N. SAVINOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History, Political Science and Public Policy of the Central Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Oryol, Russia
M.B. GOLISHEVSKY Postgraduate student of the Central Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the Kaluga branch of RANEPA, Kaluga, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL IDENTITY AS A FACTOR IN THE 2024 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN NORTH MACEDONIA
(PART II)
The article examines the ethno-political accents of national identity during the parliamentary election campaign in the Republic of North Macedonia in 2024. Political parties are the main exponents of the interests of social groups, and most importantly, the elites of the Republic of Macedonia. The victory of a particular coalition in the elections determines the direction of the republic's national-state building. As a universal ideological basis for national-state building and overcoming inter-ethnic confrontation in the republic, the party coalition that won in 2016 and 2020 chose a foreign policy goal – the accession of the Republic of Macedonia to the European Union, around which a new state identity should be formed. The authors show that, by ignoring the cultural and historical perceptions of Macedonian society about its own essence on this path, the ruling elite has only exacerbated internal contradictions between ethnic groups, without offering a working recipe for harmonizing relations in society.
Key words: nation-state building, national identity, ethnopolitics, political parties, Macedonia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.029
V.V. DELOV PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SOUTH CAUCASUS: SOFT POWER IN GEORGIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
The article is devoted to the study of Georgian-Turkish relations in the South Caucasus, the role of the Republic of Turkey in pursuing its own firm policy, sometimes called neo-Ottomanism. The transformation of Turkey from an empire to a secular republic predetermined the relations of neighbors in this region. Fraternal Azerbaijan, neutral Georgia and complex, for various reasons, relations with Armenia predetermined the balance of power in the South Caucasus. Turkey, trying to build new relations with neighboring countries with the help of the economy and "soft power", made many efforts to try to break Russia's connection with the Caucasus beyond the ridge in an attempt to fully take a leading place in the region without entering into direct confrontation with Russia. And in many ways, this worked out, for example in relations with Georgia, where there are difficulties with the Muslim population of Adjara, problems with the evicted Meskhetian Turks. At the same time, unsettled relations with the Georgian territories that are partially recognized as independent (Abkhazia and South Ossetia) allow Russia to continue to have fairly strong levers of influence on the South Caucasus. In general, we can talk about an attempt to achieve a balance of power in the region through economic and cultural ties, allowing us to believe in the peaceful coexistence of the South Caucasus countries and Turkey.
Key words: Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Turkey, South Caucasus, Republic of Georgia, soft power, neo-Ottomanism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.030
E.A. ZHAVORONKOVA Applicant of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ORCID ID: 0009-0007-8836-873X
IS THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN A NEW REGION OR NOT? (ANALYSIS BASED ON THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS)
The article examines the work of some Russian researchers in order to compare how the Eastern Mediterranean is classified. All the works reviewed indicate that the Eastern Mediterranean is becoming a subject, and its importance in the international arena is increasing. Common internal structures are formed, and there are problems "pulling together" countries. The author came to the conclusion that it is possible to separate the Eastern Mediterranean into a particular region in order to solve practical problems.
Key words: Eastern Mediterranean, region, sub-region, security threats, securitization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.031
A.S. KARAVANSKIY PhD student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF RUSSIA AND CHINA IN BRICS ASSOCIATION AMID THE RISE OF A MULTIPOLAR WORLD
The article examines the main aspects of relations between Russia and China within the framework of the BRICS interstate association in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. The role of the two countries in BRICS is defined, and the most promising areas of bilateral Russian-Chinese cooperation are highlighted. These include: promoting a unified stance on issues related to a more just world order based on principles of fairness, non-interference, and mutual interest by intensifying political engagement with developing countries across various international platforms; Reforming the existing financial architecture and advocating for the establishment of a more equitable international financial system.
Expanding cultural and humanitarian ties to address inequalities in healthcare, education, access to new technologies, and other areas. The article concludes that, in the context of strengthening the positions of Russia and China within the new world order, BRICS can be viewed as both a tool and a platform for advancing the ideas of a multipolar world, countering the hegemony of the "collective West."
Key words: BRICS, China, Russia, Russian-Chinese cooperation, multipolar world, new world order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.032
D.V. MATVEYEVA Master's student, Higher School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.G. KUZYAKIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Higher School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
DIGITALIZATION AS A TOOL OF PRC'S SOFT POWER
The modern stage of human development is characterized by the emergence of digital technologies and their significant impact on all spheres of society. Many researchers have studied the formation of the “digital society”, coming to the conclusion that knowledge and information have become the main resource, and a distinctive feature of the current stage of society development is the increase in the number of industries that are connected with the production, storage and transmission of information. Digitalization means digitization of information, application of various digital technologies in different spheres. This process is an important factor in the development of the country, as digitalization improves the efficiency of the work of state bodies, accelerates the development of innovations, in addition, increases the level of education, simplifies the access of citizens to information and services. Successful development of digitalization allows to strengthen the country's influence on the world stage and its competitiveness, so digitalization has become one of the tools of “soft power”. The purpose of this article is to examine the aspects of digitalization of the PRC as one of the tools of “soft power”. In doing so, the following main tasks can be emphasized:
1) Examine J. Nye's classic concept of “soft power” and the specifics of PRC's “soft power” strategy;
2) Identify the theoretical relationship between the concept of soft power and digitalization;
3) Identify the main achievements and challenges of the PRC's international cooperation in digitalization;
4) To outline the role of a major PRC technology company in promoting national “soft power”.
The following methods are used to achieve the set tasks: analysis of the concept of “soft power” and digitalization with Chinese specifics, case study - on the example of the activities of the Chinese technology company Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. which promotes the development of “soft power” of the PRC.
The conclusions of this article are that Chinese scientists have put forward their vision of the concept of “soft power”, and its main feature has become the preservation of China's own values and culture, while digitalization has become one of the tools for conducting foreign policy.
Key words: PRC, «soft power», digitalization, international relations, Huawei.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.033
A.W. LEON Graduate student of the Department of Economics and Management Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia
THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TOWARDS FRANCOPHONE AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN 2011-2024
This article is about a study of Russia's policy towards francophone African countries in the period from 2011 to 2024, which is very relevant. In recent years, there has been a change in the global balance of power and the emergence of new centers of influence, including African countries. Given the departure of Western countries from traditional approaches to the continent, Russian policy has a significant impact on the stability, security and economic development of the region.
Key words: the development of the African vector in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.034
N.A. NIKITIN Postgraduate Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia; Chief Specialist, Department for International Cooperation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
DEVELOPING NATO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES CAPABILITIES USING FOR MILITARY-POLITICAL PURPOSES IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
The article examines the development of NATO’s capabilities to use information and communication technologies for military-political purposes in the context of international security. The main focus is on two interrelated aspects: the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data into the military strategy of the North Atlantic Alliance, and the evolution of the concept of hybrid wars. The author examines the impact of technological progress, especially in the field of AI, on traditional approaches to military planning and operations. The article emphasizes that NATO is actively introducing AI into intelligence systems, decision-making processes and cybersecurity, which allows the military-political bloc to maintain technological superiority. However, such activities also give rise to new challenges, including ethical and legal issues related to autonomous military systems. In parallel, the phenomenon of hybrid wars is examined, combining military and non-military methods of influence, such as information and psychological operations, cyber attacks and economic pressure. Particular attention is paid to NATO strategic communications and their role in modern information warfare. The author analyzes how the North Atlantic Alliance is adapting to new threats, once again activating the anti-Russian focus of its policy. In conclusion, the article notes that the lack of clear international legal norms governing the use of new technologies in military conflicts creates serious risks for global stability. The author comes to the conclusion that further study of the issues under consideration requires a comprehensive approach, including analysis of specific cases, assessment of the effectiveness of countermeasures, and development of international regulation mechanisms.
Key words: NATO, cybersphere, cybersecurity, ICT, information security, cyberdefense, cyberattack, cyberaggression.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.035
A.S. YATSENKO Student at the Department of Public and Municipal Administration, Faculty of Public and Municipal Administration, IGSU RANHiGS Moscow, Russia
M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE USE OF ELECTRONIC AND DIGITAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
The digital revolution has ushered in a new era in the work of government agencies around the world. The authors analyze the features of the development of electronic and digital governments in various states. The approaches are considered and the periodization of the process of modernization of public administration systems within the framework of digital transformation is highlighted. It is concluded that, in general, most countries have adopted their own national strategies for the development of electronic and digital government, laws on national information policy, digital data and electronic participation, personal data protection, cybersecurity, and online platforms for working with open government data. At the same time, many states have reached the digital frontier for the transition to a global management system (GovTech) within the framework of the open government concept.
Key words: digitalization, public administration, digital transformation, digital platforms, GovTech.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.036
M.V. PETUKHOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of History and Economic Theory, State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.A. SHALKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Economic Theory, Academy of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia Moscow, Moscow, Russia
A.V. BESPALOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of History and Economic Theory, Academy of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
S.V. MASHURA Senior lecturer of the Department of History and economic theory Academy of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
SOVIET DIPLOMACY AT THE FINAL STAGE OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: FORMATION OF THE POST-WAR WORLD ORDER
This article explores the diplomatic context of the formation of the post-war world order during the final stage of the Great Patriotic War. The author analyzes the transformation of relations among the allies of the anti-Hitler coalition from the Tehran Conference to the Potsdam Conference, identifying key factors that influenced the establishment of the post-war system of international relations. The study focuses on the fundamental contradiction between the declared principles of post-war cooperation among the great powers and the actual policies driven by geopolitical interests.
The methodological foundation of the work is based on a historical-systemic approach, utilizing comparative analysis of diplomatic documents, memoir sources, and archival materials, including recently declassified documents. The evolution of Soviet diplomatic strategy is examined, influenced by both military successes on the frontlines and the change in U.S. political course following the death of F. Roosevelt. The differences between Roosevelt's concept of the "Grand Design" and the more rigid stance of the Truman administration are analyzed in detail. Special attention is given to the role of "atomic diplomacy" and efforts to use nuclear weapons as a tool of political pressure.
It is established that the pragmatic approach of Soviet diplomacy allowed the USSR to consolidate its geopolitical achievements, despite attempts by Western powers to limit Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. The research demonstrates that, contrary to the common belief about the "division of the world" at the Yalta Conference, the actual post-war boundaries of spheres of influence were primarily determined by the military-political presence of the victorious powers in various regions. The author concludes that the potential for allied cooperation was significantly limited by fundamental geopolitical contradictions and the U.S. desire to leverage its economic advantage and atomic monopoly to assert global leadership, making the Cold War an almost inevitable consequence of the new world order.
Key words: Soviet diplomacy, Great Patriotic War, post-war world order, anti-Hitler coalition, Tehran Conference, Yalta Conference, Potsdam Conference, W. Churchill, atomic diplomacy, international relations, spheres of influence, Cold War.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.037
TIAN XIN Graduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
GEOPOLITICAL INFLUENCE OF CHINA-RUSSIA ENERGY RESOURCE TRADE: FROM “ENERGY DEPENDENCY” TO “ENERGY SECURITY COMMUNITY”
This article examines the geopolitical significance of trade relations between China and Russia in the field of energy resources, viewed in the context of the transition from the “energy dependency” paradigm to the formation of an “energy security community.” The study explores factors influencing the transformation of energy cooperation between the two countries, including the development of new infrastructure projects and changes in the structure of the global energy market. The political and economic consequences of expanding energy cooperation for regional and global security are assessed. It is concluded that the interdependence between China and Russia is increasing, as they are key players in the global energy sector, which contributes to strengthening their positions and influence in international relations.
Key words: China-Russia energy resource trade, energy security, geopolitics, infrastructure projects, global energy market, interdependence, regional security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.038
V.R. FILIPPOV Dr.Sc. (History), Center for Sub-Saharan African Studies, Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-0501-8528
SENEGAL'S 2023 ELECTIONS: THE DECLINE OF «FRANCEFRIQUE»
In March 2024, Senegal held presidential elections, which were won by a relatively young opposition candidate, Bassirou Diomey Faye. His opponent, Amadou Ba, a protégé of the country's former president Macky Sall, found himself in a noticeable minority. This event testified to a serious change in the political situation in the country, to the unity of Senegalese youth with the citizens of those states of the Sahel and Central Africa who in recent years have abandoned French tutelage and preferred sovereign development. A convinced pan-Africanist, B.D. Fay, in his political manifesto, proclaimed the main directions for reforming statehood, the economy, the social and military spheres, designed to end Senegal’s neo-colonial dependence on the French Republic. The most radical points of the plan were those related to the reform of monetary policy (abolition of the CFA franc) and the military sphere (liquidation of French military bases in Senegal). The implementation of this plan will mean an end to discriminatory political and economic practices in Senegal, which has always been an area of political, financial and military dominance by France. Faye stated that he intends to rid Senegal of the vestiges of French colonialism. The most important part of his plan was the elimination of the French military base and the future prevention of the presence of foreign armed forces in the country, starting in 2025. His desire to diversify foreign policy, international economic and military cooperation, and the desire to build the country’s foreign policy on the basis of equality and mutual benefit will change the balance of power in the Sahel region. The French political class interpreted the coming to power of B.D. Fay as a “catastrophe.”
Key words: Africa, Senegal, «Françafrique», Central African Republic, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad, 2023 elections, Bassirou Faye, Emmanuel Macron.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.039
HAO RUIJIE Master, engineer Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow, Russia
VANG JUN Master, engineer Azerbaijan State Oil Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan
V.A. GOLYAKOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chelyabinsk Branch of Military Education Center of Air Force Academy, Chelyabinsk, Russia ORCID № 0000-0002-0456-9603
N.V. BELKINA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Pacific State University, Vladivostok, Russia
CHALLENGES AND COUNTERMEASURES TO OIL AND GAS COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA
The article examines the key problems arising in the field of oil and gas cooperation between China and Russia, and also proposes measures to overcome them. The current state of bilateral relations in the energy sector is analyzed, including issues of Russia's dependence on the Chinese market and potential risks to national security. Particular attention is paid to the economic, political and environmental aspects of cooperation, as well as the impact of international politics on the development of energy projects. In conclusion, recommendations are made for a more balanced and sustainable model of interaction that would take into account the interests of both countries and contribute to the long-term development of the oil and gas sector. In the context of global changes in the energy market, oil and gas cooperation between China and Russia is becoming more and more relevant. However, while there is significant potential for mutually beneficial partnerships, there are significant obstacles that could undermine the stability and effectiveness of this cooperation. One of the main problems is the high degree of Russia's dependence on the Chinese market, which poses risks to the country's economic security. In the face of instability in the international arena, such dependence can lead to Russia's vulnerability to changes in Chinese politics and economy. This highlights the need to diversify export routes and find new markets for Russian energy resources.
In addition, the political aspects of the interaction between the two countries also require careful analysis. Mutual interests and strategic goals may not always coincide, which can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings. It is important to consider that international policies, including sanctions and trade restrictions, can significantly affect the development of energy projects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop mechanisms that will minimize the influence of external factors on bilateral relations.
Key words: oil and gas cooperation, China, Russia, international relations, political sciences, world market.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.040
R. ELIMKHADZHIEV Graduate Student, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE INFORMATION CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA ON THE TAIWAN ISSUE: STRATEGIES, TOOLS, EFFECTIVENESS
The article examines the information strategies of the United States and China in the context of the Taiwan issue. The research aims to analyze key tools, methods, and effectiveness of information warfare between the two powers. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of official documents, media content, and expert assessments. The paper identifies the main directions of information strategies: the US focuses on promoting ideas of defending democracy and regional security, while China emphasizes the concept of "One China" and historical unity. The research results show that both sides achieve certain success in promoting their narratives, while the effectiveness of strategies varies depending on the target audience and communication channels used. The conclusion highlights the growing role of digital platforms and new media in information warfare, as well as the trend towards intensifying information confrontation in the context of general deterioration in US-China relations.
Key words: information warfare, USA, China, Taiwan, media strategies, international relations, information policy, propaganda, strategic communications, digital diplomacy.
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.116.4.041
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION (SCO): MAIN ACTIVITIES PART TWO
The article, based on an analytical review of publications by Russian and foreign authors in recent years, attempts to comprehensively study the main areas of activity of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Particular attention in the activities of the SCO is paid to the instrument of foreign policy and mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia and China. The author of the article emphasizes the main problems of the development of the international organization and gives forecast characteristics of some aspects of the main areas of cooperation of the member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), analytical review of publications, comprehensive study, main areas of activity, instrument of foreign policy, Russia, China.
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 15, Issue 2 (114), 2025
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Kargin E.A. Culture and Politics in the Works of A.S. Panarin: a View through the Prism of Civilizational Analysis
Katkov I.E. The Context of the Analysis of the Phenomenon of Sanctions in the Studies of Domestic and Foreigh Authors (in the Period from 2014-2024)
DOMESTIC HISTORY
Trefilov V.A., Radushinkiy S.A. Military Affairs in Rus' of the XV-XVII Centuries in the Historiography of the XX – Beginning of the XXI Centuries
Suslov A.Yu. History of the Civil War in Russia in the Scientific Heritage of Professor A.L. Litvin (1931-2023)
Sviridenko E.A. Controversy Between the Josephians and the Landlords Concerning Monastic Land Ownership in the 16th Century
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Tushkov A.A., Matveev O.V., Nikolenko A.A., Somova I.Yu. Significant Aspects of the Study Some Problems of the Russian Local Civilization
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Titov V.V. Memory Policy in Russia: the Problem of Institutionalization and Strategic Management
Afonin M.V., Tikhanov R.S., Krivova A.L., Polezhaikina E.V. Risks of Election Campaigns in the Context of Digital Political Participation
Gavrov S.N., Eremkin M.P. The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Information Warfare
Novikov A.A., Pluzhnikova N.N. Image of a Modern Political Leader and Social and Communicative Technologies of its Construction
Protsenko A.L. Patriotic Narrative as a Tool of Informational and Political Influence: the Case of the Special Military Operation
Uporov I.V. Institute of Local Self-Government in Constitutional Draft of the Early 1990s
Soloveva N.A. Features of Translating Linguistic Means of Manipulation in Texts of News Discourse from English Into Russian Language
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Panteleimonov D.G. Problems of Public Administration in the Sphere of Implementation of the Strategic National Priority "Saving the People of Russia and Developing Human Potential"
Veligura V.M., Fomin D.A., Grigoryan D.K. Legal Regulation of Socially Responsible Business
Dronov A.I. Social Media as a Tool of Political Communication in Modern Russian Politics
Shatkov A.Yu. Migration Policy of Modern Russia: Features and Prospects in New Conditions
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Pryakhin V.F. The Versailles-Washington System in the Context of the Discussion on the Causes of World War II
Veselov Yu.A. The Concept of «Rules-Based Order» in the Context of Transformation of the World Order (Part I)
Luo Wenqi. China-US-Russia Triangular Relations: Current Status фnd Prospects
Nurgalina A.A., Kuzyakin A.G. Evolution of the Japan-U.S. Alliance: Challenges and Prospects (2012-2025)
Krupyanko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japanese's Policy to Improve its Latest Weapons (Part II)
Zeinollina T., Koblandin K., Ospanova A. The Role of International Organizations in Solving the Water Problem in Central Asia
Ivanova A.S. Features of International Cooperation of Russian Banks under Sanctions Restrictions
Kim En Un, Kozlova D.N. Key Features of the Diplomatic Strategy of the Republic of Korea in the 21st Century
Kiseleva A.R. Media Warfare in Crisis: an Analysis of the US-PRC Media Confrontation During Covid-19
Oshchepkov E.R. US-Centric Regional Cybersecurity Institutions in Asia
Pang Lu. Resolving the Indo-Pakistan Conflict in the Context of Multilateral Diplomacy: Main Approaches and Directions
Petushkov G.V. Career Tracks of Representatives of Youth Structures of the Council of Europe and their Activities in the Post-Soviet Space
Privalov V.A. Historical Perspective and Mechanisms of International Organizations in Resolving Territorial Conflicts
Saveliev E.D. The Evolution of the Theoretical Foundations of Public Diplomacy
Samuseva O.A. The Main Stages of Interaction Between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the Field of Innovation (INT)
Wanyu Ren. Challenges of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Russia and China at the Present Stage (Part I)
Musaev M. Spiritual and Ideological Factors in Overcoming the Danger of Missionary Work and Proselitism in Uzbekistan
Khasanova K.E. Darknet as an Instrument of a Shadow Regulation of the Illegal Market of Natcotic and Psychotropic Substances in the Post-Soviet Space
Cui Yixin. Chinese View on Russia's Arctic Strategy
Sharapov A.M. The "Sharp Power" of US Digital Diplomacy Towards Russia During the First Presidency of D. Trump
Sigal D.E. Technology Diplomacy: the Influence of American TNCS on the System of International Relations in the Era of the Digital Economy
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
Medvedev N.P. Non-Classical Wars: Modern Approaches to Conduct Hybrid Wars (Part II)
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.001
E.A. KARGIN Postgraduate student in the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CULTURE AND POLITICS IN THE WORKS OF A.S. PANARIN: A VIEW THROUGH THE PRISM OF CIVILIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
The article focuses on the understanding of the relationship between culture and politics in the theory of A.S. Panarin in comparison with the concepts of representatives of civilizational analysis (S.N. Eisenstadt, J.P. Arnason). The author aims to demonstrate the affinity of the approaches to the consideration of culture and its connection with the political sphere of the domestic scientist with the approach adopted within the framework of civilizational analysis. The article discusses the views of scholars on the relationship between culture and institutional structure of society, as well as their understanding of political culture. The scientist's approaches share the recognition of the connection of power and political institutions with the surrounding cultural context, within which culture plays an interpretative role, forming a picture of the world and understanding of the position of a human being in it. Scholars view political culture as a provider of visions of the relationship between the state, society and the individual, images and understanding of power as such. The researchers under consideration share the recognition of the interpretive role of culture, but differ in defining its inner content, the place of values and norms in it, as well as in assessing the level of its structuring. The author concludes that, although A.S. Panarin did not consider himself to belong to this direction, some provisions of the scientist's works can be considered as a contribution to the development of civilizational analysis in the context of political science.
Key words: civilizational analysis, civilization, culture, political culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.002
I.E. KATKOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CONTEXT OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON OF SANCTIONS ITHE STUDIES OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGH AUTHORS (IN THE PERIOD FROM 2014-2024)
This article is a review of scientific publications on the problems of theoretical and methodological foundations of the sanctions policy of unfriendly countries against Russia over the decade, starting from 2014. The key emphasis of the work is on the consideration of the terminological definition of "sanctions" through the prism of socio-political and economic disciplines. This study is built on the method of deduction – initially, the author reveals the nature of sanctions, their true interpretation in academic and modern discourse, then there is a smooth transition to the consideration of private aspects of the studied restrictive measures using the example of the impact of sanctions instruments on the Russian fuel and energy complex system. To conduct a qualitative analysis of the interpretation of sanctions as one of the key countermeasures in the fight used in the framework of the hybrid format confrontation, the author uses the synthesis method in terms of combining the views of domestic authors into a single semantic concept based on the ideas of perceiving sanctions as a key method of pressure on the fundamental sectors of Russia's industry and its political system. According to the author, the phenomenon of sanctions implies the creation of permanent pressure by the subject of sanctions on the object of influence through various technologies and methods, including all possible restrictions – on access to technological innovations, obstacles in terms of creating unfavorable conditions for the investment climate, comprehensive counteraction to the maintenance of established international contacts by the state-object of sanctions, as well as the targeted labeling to root in the consciousness of the world community negative images associated with the sanctioned state.
Key words: sanctions, sanctions policy, unfriendly states, Russia, political processes, economics, energy.
DOMESTIC HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.003
V.A. TREFILOV Candidate of philosophy, associate Professor, Head of the Department of philosophy and Humanities Izhevsk State medical Academy, Izhevsk. Russia
S.A. RADUSHINKIY Junior Researcher Museum and exhibition complex Named after M.T. Kalashnikov, Izhevsk, Russia
MILITARY AFFAIRS IN RUS' OF THE XV-XVII CENTURIES IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE XX – BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURIES
The article examines the process of studying the military affairs of the Moscow state of the XV-XVII centuries in the works of domestic and foreign authors of the XX – early XXI centuries. The article touches upon the issue of the orientalization of strategy, tactics, organization of the Russian army and armaments under the influence of contacts with the states and peoples of the East.
Key words: military science, military historical literature, modernization of military science, cavalry, infantry, orientalization of Russian military science, evolution of strategy, tactics and armaments, chronological framework of orientalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.004
A.Yu. SUSLOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia SPIN-code: 8594-8168
HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF PROFESSOR A.L. LITVIN (1931-2023)
The article examines the scientific heritage of the famous Russian historian, Honored Professor of Kazan University Alter Lvovich Litvin (1931-2023). The most important moments of the scientist's biography are recorded, including the defense of dissertations, achievements, awards, and community recognition. The works of A.L. Litvin, dedicated to the history and historiography of the Civil War in Russia (1918-1922), the participation of political parties and the peasantry of the Volga region in it. The most significant individual and collective publications, co-authored work with the historian M.K. Mukharyamov, research topics, and their place in the development of Russian and world historical science are noted. The problems of repression, red and white terror, the activities of the Tatar Chekists in the first years of Soviet power and the defeat of the anti-Soviet underground are studied. A conclusion is made about the importance and relevance of the scientific heritage of Professor A.L. Litvin.
Key words: A.L. Litvin, history, historiography, source studies, Civil War, Volga region, Kazan, 1918, terror, documents.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.005
E.A. SVIRIDENKO Postgraduate student, Faculty of Philosophy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CONTROVERSY BETWEEN THE JOSEPHIANS AND THE LANDLORDS CONCERNING MONASTIC LAND OWNERSHIP IN THE 16TH CENTURY
The article is devoted to the analysis of the polemics between the Josephites and the Non-Possessors in the Russian Orthodox Church in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, addressing fundamental questions about the role of the Church in society, its economic and spiritual mission. The key positions of both sides, their impact on the socio-economic sphere, and the relations between the Church and the state are examined. The Josephites’ victory in the conflict led to the strengthening of monastic landownership, closer ties between the Church and the state, and the formation of theocratic tendencies. Despite the defeat of the non-possessors, their ideas continued to influence Russian spiritual tradition and social thought. Special attention is paid to the impact of the polemics on the development of socio-political life and the formation of national identity.
Key words: Josephites, Non-Possessors, monastic landownership, Russian Orthodox Church, centralization of power, church-state relations.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.006
A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor at the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
O.V. MATVEEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
A.A. NIKOLENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia
I.Yu. SOMOVA Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, head of the department of foreign regional studies University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF THE STUDY SOME PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN LOCAL CIVILIZATION
The problem of studying the clash of civilizations in political science in connection with the current international situation is becoming increasingly relevant, in which the study of differences between societies is most acute and can lead to an understanding of how these societies function and how to resolve accumulated contradictions. The identification of aggregative properties of systems plays a leading role in this regard. The authors, while setting themselves the task of researching Russian local civilization from the point of view of a civilizational approach, nevertheless limit themselves to palliatives and do not pretend to a comprehensive analysis of Russian civilizational development. The social attitudes formed during the historical and political development formed a special feature of the country's development at the post-Soviet stage – the locality, i.e. the feature that fully characterizes the Russian civilization. It is the aspect proposed by the authors that is the subject of this study.
Key words: civilization, Russian local civilization, social process, power, features of the political process, civilizational approach.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.007
V.V. TITOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Public and Municipal Administration of the State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
MEMORY POLICY IN RUSSIA: THE PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
The article examines the problem of institutionalization of the state memory policy in Russia in the late 2000th – the first half of the 2020th. It is noted that during this period, the state took a number of consistent steps to develop institutional foundations, improve the structure and mechanisms for implementing policies in the field of mass historical memory. It is indicated that in the 2010th – the first half of the 2020th the state policy of memory in Russia acquired conceptual content and more expressive institutional outlines. Over the past fifteen years, it has evolved from narrow consulting formats aimed at countering the falsification of history to more diverse and flexible institutional solutions and practices.
It is stated that an important feature of the state policy in the area of historical memory is the desire of the political authorities of the Russian Federation to rely on the already existing value potential of mass consciousness, to consistently build a multifaceted historical dialogue with society. However, it is noted that the task of full-scale institutionalization of the state policy of memory in modern Russia is still not fully solved and still remains acute. This circumstance of the «institutional incompleteness» of the state memory policy hinders the solution of other priority tasks, primarily in the field of strategic management of the national memory space – its value consolidation and positive symbolic content.
Key words: memory policy, image of the past, historical memory, state, institutionalization, Institute of National Memory, Russian Military Historical Society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.008
M.V. AFONIN Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
R.S. TIKHANOV Postgraduate Student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
A.L. KRIVOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
E.V. POLEZHAIKINA Lecturer of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
RISKS OF ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies on political processes, in particular, on election campaigns and interactions between politicians and citizens. Digitalization of politics also implies the use of social networks and artificial intelligence, which in turn modifies the traditional methods of political communication we are used to. However, this process has another side: it carries significant risks from the spread of disinformation and data manipulation to threats to democratic processes. The article focuses on the need to regulate digital technologies, improve digital literacy and ensure transparency in election campaigns. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that although the digital era offers new opportunities for the development of democratic institutions, it nevertheless requires a careful approach to the use of technologies to protect democratic values and processes.
Key words: election campaigns, elections, digitalization, digital era, risk.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.009
S.N. GAVROV Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6439-6022
M.P. EREMKIN Student of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION WARFARE
Information warfare is a process that is constantly connected with the conduct of military operations and over the years has begun to prove its relevance and high importance. Yes, of course, victories are forged with blood on the battlefield, but it is also very important to correctly present information to the minds of ordinary people, to penetrate their consciousness, to show them the significance of this or that victory, to raise the level of patriotism, as well as to sow panic, decadent moods in the minds of the opposing side, and it does not matter whether it is a simple soldier or the enemy population. As Col. John R. Boyd said, "Machines don't make wars. Terrain does not create wars. People make wars. You have to get into the minds of the people. That is where battles are won." The essence of his statement is that it is necessary to motivate society to win, to show that the country can and is ready to win. It is very important to make the enemy soldier and his population demotivated, and his faith in success getting lower and lower. Over the centuries, with the passage of many wars, rulers and commanders realized the importance of information warfare, saw in it many advantages, additional opportunities, but most importantly – its impact on the minds of citizens. Therefore, over time there was a transformation from the use of small psychological operations in a certain territory to large-scale campaigns aimed at the masses. Undoubtedly, this was facilitated by the development of technology, from the creation of the printing press, radio to the emergence of the Internet and, as a consequence, artificial intelligence. Now many countries invest millions of dollars in operations, use various approaches to create psychological content that should influence the enemy, shoot and post on the global network directed videos and look for more and more opportunities in this field. Also in many countries there are specialized firms affiliated with the government, whose mandate is precisely to conduct campaigns aimed at influencing people's consciousness. About all this will be described in the article, where we will see how information warfare has developed, as well as more specifically understand why it is needed and what effect it has. The purpose of our work is to analyze the possibilities of using artificial intelligence for information warfare. We have the tasks to analyze the transformation of the methodology of information warfare, as well as to find the strengths and new opportunities in conducting psychological operations, in particular using artificial intelligence. At the moment, the topic is the most relevant and has further prospects for its study, as the phenomenon of information warfare is directly related to the development of information technology, where progress does not stand still, and, therefore, gives new opportunities in the development of other areas, including the sphere of influence on the minds of citizens.
Key words: information warfare, psychological impact, war, transformation of information warfare, psychological operation, human consciousness, phenomenon of information warfare, psychological content, impact on consciousness, Artificial intelligence, Neural network.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.010
A.A. NOVIKOV Postgraduate student of the ANO VO "University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky", Moscow, Russia
N.N. PLUZHNIKOVA Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department "Humanities" of the Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia
IMAGE OF A MODERN POLITICAL LEADER AND SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF ITS CONSTRUCTION
The study of the problem of constructing the image of a political leader in modern society, especially in the context of informatization and the rapid growth of social and communicative technologies is particularly significant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the key components of the image of a political leader in the context and prospects for the development of the information culture of society and politics.
The relevance of the research topic is determined by the change in the technologies of constructing the image of a political leader in modern society. This change is considered in the context of the digitalization of reality, which changes the subjective processes of perception in society of the image and significance of a political leader, and also creates new demands for this construction. The methodology of the study was structural-functional and comparative methods, which made it possible to show qualitative changes in the process of transforming the image of a political leader in modern society. The authors come to the conclusion that qualitative indicators of the transformation of the image of a political leader are various forms of social and communication technologies used in political activity.
Key words: image, political image, political leader, communication, social communication, social and communication technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.011
A.L. PROTSENKO Postgraduate Student at the Department of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PATRIOTIC NARRATIVE AS A TOOL OF INFORMATIONAL AND POLITICAL INFLUENCE: THE CASE OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION
This article examines the patriotic narrative as a key mechanism of informational and political influence during the Special Military Operation (SMO). The author analyzes historical, linguistic, and sociological aspects of how the patriotic discourse is formed, including the construction of “enemy” and “hero” images and the role of historical parallels in unifying society. The research shows that patriotic rhetoric, reinforced by large-scale events (concerts, humanitarian support for SMO participants), helps consolidate the population around the state’s foreign policy course and strengthens citizens’ self-identification as “patriots.” At the same time, it highlights the “dual effect” risk: while it unites society, such a narrative can lead to the militarization of public consciousness and suppression of alternative viewpoints. The findings are supported by sociological data indicating a steady rise in the declared level of patriotism, especially during periods of international crisis. The author concludes with a call for further investigation into the role of digital media and the possibility of “audience fatigue” in the context of a protracted conflict.
Key words: patriotic narrative, special military operation, informational and political influence, propaganda, discourse analysis, historical continuity, heroization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.012
I.V. UPOROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Law Sciences, Professor, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar, Russia
INSTITUTE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN CONSTITUTIONAL DRAFT OF THE EARLY 1990S
The article identifies the features of constitutional regulation of the institution of local self-government in alternative drafts of the new Russian constitution, which were developed, published and discussed after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. In this regard, it should be noted that during the period of Gorbachev's "perestroika" (1985-1991), significant changes had already occurred in the Soviet state in many aspects of socio-political and socio-economic life, and above all this concerned centrifugal relations, when at the end of perestroika many former Soviet republics showed a desire to leave the USSR and acquire the status of independent states. It should also be borne in mind that in the last years of the Soviet state, the principle of glasnost was proclaimed, and Soviet citizens had the opportunity to freely generate information of various kinds, as well as receive it in the media, many archives were opened, etc. In these conditions, in Russia in the early 1990s, an active discussion unfolded about what kind of statehood there should be in post-Soviet Russia, and in this context, various constitutional projects began to be developed, in which the key issue was the system of public authority, including at the local level. There were serious disagreements regarding the institution of local authority, given that by the turn of 1990, a new concept was already becoming dominant, stipulating that instead of local Councils of People's Deputies, administratively subordinate to higher authorities, local self-government bodies should be established, functioning autonomously from state authorities. Such a project was implemented in the draft Constitution of Russia, approved by a nationwide vote on December 12, 1993. However, other projects had different approaches.
Key words: constitutional projects, local Councils of People's Deputies, local government bodies, public authority, state, society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.013
N.A. SOLOVEVA Associate professor, Candidate of Sciences (Pedagogy), assistant professor, Pacific National University, Khabarovsk, Russia
FEATURES OF TRANSLATING LINGUISTIC MEANS OF MANIPULATION IN TEXTS OF NEWS DISCOURSE FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
The article updates the methods of translating linguistic means of manipulation in texts of news discourse from English into Russian, allowing to preserve the manipulative impact of the original, based on articles devoted to a special military operation. The characteristics of the phenomenon of speech manipulation are revealed. Possible techniques of speech manipulation, most often used in texts of news discourse, are identified. The translation transformations used to organize the context that meets the author’s intentions, in which the influencing potential of the selected lexical units can be realized, are analyzed. The social significance of the work lies in the fact that knowledge of the methods of manipulative influence used by the media on the mass reader will increase the level of media literacy, develop defensive reactions, perceive information in the media more critically and reduce the risk of being manipulated.
Key words: mass media, news discourse, manipulation, linguistic means of manipulation, translation, translation transformations.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.014
D.G. PANTELEIMONOV Master's student, Institute of Law and National Security, RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE SPHERE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL PRIORITY "SAVING THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA AND DEVELOPING HUMAN POTENTIAL"
The article systematizes the problems of public administration in the sphere of implementation of the strategic national priority "Saving the people of Russia and developing human potential". The problems are systematized in three main areas: problems of organizational and managerial nature, problems of regulatory and legal nature and problems of information and analytical nature. The author attributes the following to the main problems of implementation of this priority: lack of an assessment apparatus for its achievement; lack of a single goal-setting of program and planning documents for its implementation and targeted financing; no single center for managing the implementation of this priority (coordination of the work of government agencies and civil society institutions) has been formed, which entails the actual absence of responsibility for failure to achieve this priority. The article also suggests a way to solve them through the development and adoption of a strategic planning document "Fundamentals of state policy in the sphere of implementation of the strategic national priority "Saving the people of Russia and developing human potential".
Key words: national security, saving the people of Russia, human potential, strategic national priority, problems of public administration, state policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.015
V.M. VELIGURA Undergraduate of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
D.A. FOMIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty management and Psychology KubGU, Krasnodar, Russia
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, YURIIU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS
In recent decades, the social responsibility of business has attracted increasing attention from both the public and government agencies. In this article, we will consider the main aspects of the legal regulation of socially responsible business, its impact on corporate practice and the role of the state in this process.
Key words: socially responsible business, ethical and legal norms, principles of SOB, methods of legal regulation, international practice, domestic practice, initiatives and standards, elements of socially responsible business.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.016
A.I. DRONOV Postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL MEDIA AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICS
Active development of digitalization processes contributes to the expansion of social media opportunities in politics. In modern conditions of development, the role of social media is rapidly changing under the influence of state and public development. Social media is turning from a passive channel into an active policy tool that influences various political processes. Information and communication technologies, as well as digital technologies, digital transformation processes are factors through which involvement in the political process increases, which allows each person to be a subject of political activity, promotes interaction between civil society and public authorities. Changes in processes and the role of social media require new theoretical research in this area, which is the subject of consideration in this article.
Key words: media, social media, political communications, Russian politics, civil society, interaction between public authorities and the population.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.017
A.YU. SHATKOV Applicant, department of political science and political management, institute of social sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
MIGRATION POLICY OF MODERN RUSSIA: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS IN NEW CONDITIONS
In the article, the author analyzes the features of modern migration policy in the Russian Federation. The specifics of interstate cooperation with the countries of the post-Soviet space in the field of migration regulation are considered, in connection with which such trends as the formation and stabilization of migration flows, the creation of the Eurasian migration corridor, simplification of the procedure and procedures for obtaining permits by foreign citizens, etc. are observed. In this regard, there are corresponding negative consequences for the development of the national economy, additional pressures are being created on the Russian education and healthcare system. The implementation of specific measures in the field of migration control and amendments to the current migration legislation of the Russian Federation are characterized by situationality and dependence on any specific factors and conditions. The author comes to similar conclusions in the process of analyzing official statistical data and reporting documentation of executive authorities. With this in mind, the author suggests promising directions for the implementation of modern migration policy of the Russian Federation – ensuring high-quality state control over the dynamics of changes in the migration situation, digitalization of public services in the field of migration regulation, monitoring changes in public opinion taking into account the development of migration relations, etc. One of the priority concepts is the development of appropriate schematics for the compliance of adopted normative legal acts and implemented measures in the field of migration with historical values and national and cultural characteristics of Russian society.
Key words: migration, migration processes, migration policy, migration legislation, state regulation, Russian Federation.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.018
V.F. PRYAKHIN D.Sc. (political science), Professor, International Relations Dept., RSHU; Member of the Board, Russian Diplomat Association, Moscow, Russia
THE VERSAILLES-WASHINGTON SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DISCUSSION ON THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II
The 80th anniversary of the end of World War II is accompanied by publications by Western historians placing responsibility for its outbreak on the USSR. For this purpose, the thesis that the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact was allegedly the decisive factor that caused the outbreak of the world conflict is actively used.
The article presents arguments in favor of an expanded interpretation of the chronological framework of World War II in connection with the general collapse of the Versailles-Washington system of international relations.
Key words: World War II, Versailles-Washington system, Nanjing Massacre, Khalkhin Gol, Anschluss, Munich Agreement, Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, Anti-Hitler Coalition, Victory.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.019
Yu.A. VESELOV Lecturer at the Department of International Organizations and World Political Processes School of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF «RULES-BASED ORDER» IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD ORDER PART I
The concept of a «rules-based order» is an ideological construct created with the aim of legitimizing modern central power perturbation, which in the last ten years has faced new challenges and increasing criticism from developing countries, as well as from countries defending their national sovereignty. In such conditions, there is a need to identify options for the transformation of the modern world order and how attempts to adapt to them are carried out at the «ideological» level. To achieve this goal, the main interpretations of the transition of power were classified according to three paradigms of the theory of international relations: realism, liberalism and the English school, and a hypothesis was put forward about the impossibility of implementing the concept of «rule-based order» in the new geopolitical conditions.
Key words: rules-based order, theory of international relations, world order, transformation of the world order, international order, liberal order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.020
LUO WENQI Postgraduate student at the Center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
CHINA-US-RUSSIA TRIANGULAR RELATIONS: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS
At present, the three most active geopolitical actors in the world are China, Russia and the United States. During the Cold War, the “strategic triangle” relationship was formed between the United States, the Soviet Union and China. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the “strategic triangle” lost its relevance with the destruction of the bipolar system in the international political arena. In recent years, a new triangular relationship has begun to form between the United States, China and Russia. However, the post-Soviet era does not have the context and framework of the “strategic grand triangle” between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, and the classical theory of the “strategic triangle” cannot effectively analyze the interactions between China, the United States and Russia. Nevertheless, the trilateral relationship between China, the United States and Russia remains at the center of international politics, and the interactions among the three parties are of crucial significance to the evolution of the international order and the formation of a new international system. The changes in power relations between the US and China, Russia and China, Russia and the US, the geopolitical problems of states and the differences in values have become important factors influencing the international situation. Since the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis, international relations have undergone significant changes, and in this regard, the relations between China, the US and Russia are also in the process of accelerated adjustment.
Key words: China-US-Russia trilateral relations, China-US relations, China-Russia relations, Russia-US relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.021
A.A. NURGALINA Master's student, Higher School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
A.G. KUZYAKIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Higher School of International Relations, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
EVOLUTION OF THE JAPAN-U.S.ALLIANCE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS (2012-2025)
The Japan-U.S. alliance has not lost its importance at present, but has only begun to strengthen. In the era of emerging multipolarity, Japan and the United States have focused on spreading their influence not only in the Asia-Pacific but also in the Indo-Pacific region. The purpose of this study is to examine the transformation of the alliance and to identify the future prospects of the Japan-U.S. alliance. To achieve the goal, the following objectives were set: to study the development of Japan-US relations between 2012 and 2025 and to examine their partnership with other countries. In the process of research, the historical-dynamic method was taken to study the development of Japan-US relations. In this paper, it can be traced how the alliance has expanded its range of capabilities, and it is a credit to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe who focused on defense policy changes and expanding military cooperation with the US. Despite some difficulties, both sides reached consensus and it is safe to say that even with Donald Trump coming to power again, the alliance will not lose its importance and will further extend its influence in the APAC and the ITR.
Key words: Defense policy, APAC, ITR, Japan-US relations, collective security, political-military cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.022
T. ZEINOLLINA Masters, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
K. KOBLANDIN Doctor of science (history), Professor L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
A. OSPANOVA Dr. Ph.D., Associate Professor, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN SOLVING THE WATER PROBLEM IN CENTRAL ASIA
The article notes that among the primary key problems of Central Asia, one of the first places is occupied by the issue related to the shortage of water resources and their uneven distribution across the countries of the region. Attention is drawn to the fact that the water problem is aggravated by the fact that there are unresolved issues of transboundary rivers and outdated technical facilities. It is emphasized that since the times of the USSR, there have been a number of water utilities that use water to irrigate agricultural areas. It is concluded that only with the participation of international organizations is it possible to solve the water problems of Central Asia, and it is also necessary to develop joint approaches to water resources management, improve water legislation, develop infrastructure, and promote dialogue and cooperation between the states of the region.
Key words: Central Asia, water resources, states, international organizations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.023
M.I. KRUPYANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Leading Scientific Researcher of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Institute of Asian and African Studies at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
JAPANESE'S POLICY TO IMPROVE ITS LATEST WEAPONS (PART II)
In the article, the authors analyze Japan's policy to improve its weapons. Since the military actions of the warring parties during the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in the 2020s showed that unmanned aerial vehicles of various modifications, as well as long-range high-precision artillery, play a decisive role in modern warfare. In late June – early July 2021, the 36th joint exercises of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the US Armed Forces “Orient Shield” were held in Japan, in which the parties primarily used these new types of weapons. The main goal of the above-mentioned Japanese-American exercises was to practice the use of new military equipment and coordinate joint actions of the units of the armies of the two countries in the offensive, as well as in conducting operations in “various environments” (multi-domain and cross-domain) [16]. The scenario of the exercises also included elements of using cyberspace and space to solve combat missions.
Key words: new types of weapons, Japan, Russia, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.024
A.S. IVANOVA Postgraduate student of Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service (IPACS) RANEPA, Moscow, Russia SPIN-code:1015-8578
FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF RUSSIAN BANKS UNDER SANCTIONS RESTRICTIONS
Russian banks have traditionally played a significant role in the global financial system; however, in recent years, their international cooperation has undergone major changes due to sanctions restrictions. This article analyzes the key areas of interaction between Russian banks and foreign partners, including foreign trade and project financing, participation in international settlements, and integration into financial alliances. The impact of sanctions on the international activities of Russian credit institutions is examined, including the consequences of disconnection from SWIFT, loss of access to Western capital markets, and the growing use of alternative financial mechanisms. Special attention is given to the adaptation strategies of Russian banks, their efforts to shift focus toward Asian financial centers, the development of national payment systems, the expansion of settlements in rubles and yuan, and the increasing role of state participation in international operations. The study concludes that, while sanctions have limited the opportunities for international cooperation among Russian banks, they have also served as a catalyst for diversifying foreign economic ties and shaping new financial strategies.
Key words: Russian banks, international cooperation, sanctions, sanctions restrictions, financial sector, partnership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.025
KIM EN UN PhD (Philosophy), Leading Researcher, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ORCID-0000-0002-8449-7135
D.N. KOZLOVA Master of Oriental and African Studies (Institute of Asian and African Studies, MSU), postgraduate student of the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1768-0790
KEY FEATURES OF THE DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA IN THE 21ST CENTURY
This article highlights and analyzes the key distinctive features of South Korean diplomacy in the first quarter of the 21st century. The foreign policy line of the Republic of Korea (ROK) in the current century differs significantly and qualitatively from the policy of the last century. For the first time, Seoul is moving towards developing a complex diplomacy and implementing a network strategy in foreign policy, using a large number of fundamentally new tools. Public and non-governmental players, public organizations, research centers and business structures are involved in achieving the goals of national policy. Moreover, there is an expansion of the geographic area of foreign policy, which is also reflected in theoretical research and leads to the development of new approaches in the political science of South Korea. The article analyzes both the changes in the country's foreign policy and their practical grounding in the program documents of the presidents of the ROK, as well as their theoretical understanding in the works of South Korean researchers. On what programmatic principles is Seoul's foreign policy built in the current century? On what historical prerequisites is it based? How does it differ from the policy of previous stages? What tools and ideas do Korean political scientists offer to support the initiatives of the presidents of the ROK? And what challenges do modern South Korean diplomats face? The conclusions of the article are based on the analysis of historical sources (legal acts, international treaties, program documents, speeches of the presidents of the Republic of Korea), as well as scientific literature published in recent years both in Russia and abroad.
Key words: foreign policy strategy, diplomacy of the Republic of Korea, network diplomacy, soft power policy, public diplomacy, bloc diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.026
A.R. KISELEVA Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia ORCID 0000-0003-0774-4785
MEDIA WARFARE IN CRISIS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE US-PRC MEDIA CONFRONTATION DURING COVID-19
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has precipitated a multifaceted crisis, not only engendering a substantial challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, but also inciting a heightened exchange of information between certain geopolitical entities. In a multipolar world, the media assumes a pivotal role as an instrument of both "soft" and "hard" power, thereby underscoring its indispensable function within the global landscape. During the period of the spread of the virus, the US and China engaged in a media campaign of mutual discredit, employing manipulation and propaganda, which had a significant impact on the epidemiological situation in some countries.
This article examines key aspects of the information war between the two powers, including an analysis of the media narratives used by both sides to shape public opinion and manage perceptions of the pandemic. Particular attention is paid to how the media in the United States and China not only reported the facts about the spread of the virus, but also actively shaped narratives aimed at discrediting the adversary.
The analysis encompasses an examination of the methods and strategies employed in the information space, with a focus on their impact on public perceptions, the level of trust in governments, and the healthcare systems in various countries. Furthermore, the article delves into the implications of this confrontation for international relations and global health cooperation.
Key words: People's Republic of China, United States of America, Media, Multipolar World, COVID-19.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.027
E.R. OSHCHEPKOV Research Assistant of the Research and Study Group “ASEAN+, BRICS+, NATO+: Prospects for Asian Integration in the New World Order”, Faculty of World Economy & International Affairs, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
US-CENTRIC REGIONAL CYBERSECURITY INSTITUTIONS IN ASIA
As the US-China confrontation in the Asia-Pacific/Indo-Pacific region escalates, bloc alliances are becoming increasingly important. While the PRC tries to rely mainly on its own forces, the US actively utilizes the support of allied states – Japan, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and beyond. In addition to economic, military or political confrontation, digital security is coming to the forefront of global politics. Pro-American organizations such as QUAD, AUKUS, ANZUS, PBP and even NATO are working intensively on the implementation of a number of cyber initiatives. This article attempts to analyze and characterize the effectiveness of such alliances based on official documentation published in the first half of the 2020s.
Key words: Security, Cybersecurity, USA, China, Alliances, QUAD, AUKUS, ANZUS, NATO, PBP.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.028
PANG LU Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science of Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
RESOLVING THE INDO-PAKISTAN CONFLICT IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY: MAIN APPROACHES AND DIRECTIONS
Since the partition of British India into the legally independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947, the dispute over the status of Kashmir has been the central issue in the relations between the two countries. This conflict encompasses complex aspects such as territorial sovereignty, national sentiments, and religious differences. This article examines the key approaches and promising directions of multilateral diplomacy in resolving the India-Pakistan conflict, analyzing its unique role in peaceful mediation and regional stability, with the aim of developing new solutions to strengthen peace in South Asia.
Key words: India-Pakistan conflict, multilateral diplomacy, international relations, India, Pakistan, Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmir issue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.029
G.V. PETUSHKOV Vice-Rector of the Russian Technological University MIREA, Moscow, Russia
CAREER TRACKS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF YOUTH STRUCTURES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THEIR ACTIVITIES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Within the framework of this study, the issue of the impact of the specifics of the career tracks of members of the Advisory Council on Youth Affairs of the Council of Europe on the political interaction of this structure and post-Soviet states was examined. The term "career track" in this case is interpreted in a broad sense and covers the process of obtaining education and participation in volunteer projects. The methodology of the study includes elements of structural and comparative analysis.
Key words: Council of Europe, youth, youth policy, Advisory Council on Youth Affairs, career tracks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.030
V.A. PRIVALOV Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND MECHANISMS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RESOLVING TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS
In today's global landscape, countries face a multitude of challenges that often necessitate swift and coordinated action, which individual nations struggle to achieve alone. One of the most significant obstacles to peace and collaboration is territorial disputes. This article aims to analyze the role of international organizations in addressing these conflicts from a historical perspective. Through a thorough examination of past examples, we will explore the various mechanisms and strategies employed by international bodies to successfully resolve territorial disputes. We will also examine instances where these efforts have fallen short, highlighting both best practices and the limitations faced by these organizations. Our goal is to identify effective strategies and learn from past successes and failures in order to better inform future efforts.
Key words: geopolitics, international organizations, territorial disputes, «soft» power, «hard» power, peacekeeping missions, mediation, economic sanctions, conflict resolution, cultural diplomacy, dialogue, Russia, global cooperation, geopolitical challenges, regional associations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.031
E.D. SAVELIEV Postgraduate student of the Higher School of International Relations of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE EVOLUTION OF THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY
The foreign policy of the state is the process of formation, establishment and implementation of goals and objectives in the field of interstate relations. When analyzing the foreign policy of a particular state, attention should be paid to many factors, including the economic state of the state, the military-industrial complex, the image of the state in the geopolitical arena, etc. In addition to the factors influencing the assessment of a state's foreign policy, it should be noted that there are tools that help achieve the goals of a particular state's foreign policy. As one of them, one can single out public diplomacy, the function of which is to form a positive opinion about the state in the eyes of foreign public opinion.
The article explores new types of public diplomacy in the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage. The research is devoted to the strengthening of the role of mass media, the emergence and development of "new media". Attention is focused on such ways of implementing public diplomacy as tourism, educational and cultural exchange. The importance of sports diplomacy in the modern coordinate system of methods and methods of foreign policy implementation is touched upon.
The purpose of the article is to study the ways and tools of implementing public diplomacy in order to form a positive opinion about the state.
Objectives of the article:
– to consider the aspects of the implementation of public diplomacy through the functioning of international media;
– analyze the importance of digital diplomacy and the role of new methods in the system of tools for the implementation of public diplomacy;
– to consider cultural and humanitarian exchange between states as a tool for the implementation of public diplomacy;
– to analyze the relationship between Russia and other states in the context of the implementation of public diplomacy.
In the course of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that the emergence and development of new ways of implementing public diplomacy is due to global trends, as a result of which state politicians must respond in a timely manner to the constant changes taking place in the sphere of interests of the foreign public.
Key words: public diplomacy, the state, tools for the implementation of public diplomacy, political relations, implementation, society, media, cultural exchange.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.032
O.A. SAMUSEVA Lecturer-researcher at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Department of International Business, Faculty of International Economic Relations; PhD Student, Department of Political Science of the East Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE MAIN STAGES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION (INT)
The stages of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of innovation are determined by the historical stages of two countries, the need for cooperation, determined by internal and external factors, which were expressed in the "messages" of the meetings of the leaders of the two countries. This article describes step-by-step the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and China in the scientific, technical and innovative sphere (STI), where the development of recent decades reflects the tendency to the deepen and multi-level of scientific and technical cooperation, where special attention is paid to the scientific and educational sphere.
Key words: stages of innovative cooperation between Russia and China; Forms of scientific, technical and innovative cooperation; Sino-Russian strategic relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.033
WANYU REN Postgraduates of Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
CHALLENGES OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA AT THE PRESENT STAGE PART I
The current process of conceptualizing “cross-border cooperation” has led to the frequent inclusion of the topic of cross-border cooperation between Russia and China in the agenda and has attracted widespread attention from the international community. Both Russia and China emphasize the self-sufficient nature of their cross-border cooperation models, their independence from global fluctuations and the fact that the two governments see mutual cooperation as a central element of their policymaking. However, it is worth noting that despite the positive trends, Russia-China cross-border cooperation still faces structural problems and challenges in both external and internal dimensions. In terms of external challenges, the United States, as a key external interventionist force, exerts a complex and volatile influence on the dynamic equilibrium of relations between Russia and China. In addition, the contradictions interests of Russia and China in Central Asia are becoming increasingly apparent, which is another external challenge that needs to be resolved urgently. The internal challenges are mainly reflected in the mismatch between the economic foundations and superstructural needs of Russia and China as well as in the increasing discrete political preferences of the two countries. In view of this background, this article uses literature and case studies to explore the main obstacles to cross-border cooperation between Russia and China, aiming to build and improve the theoretical system, deepen the understanding of the cooperation mechanism, and provide practical references to promote the synergistic development of the two countries and regions.
Key words: Russia-China cross-border cooperation, external chal-lenges, internal challenges.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.034
M. MUSAEV Doctor of Political Sciences (DSc), Senior Research Fellow Head of the Department of the Institute of Social and Spiritual Studies at the Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
SPIRITUAL AND IDEOLOGICAL FACTORS IN OVERCOMING THE DANGER OF MISSIONARY WORK AND PROSELITISM IN UZBEKISTAN
This article scientifically analyzes the spiritual and ideological risk factors of missionary work and proselytism in Uzbekistan. The article also scientifically explains that a large amount of financial resources directed by non-profit organizations on a global scale under the pretext of "innocent" reproduction, sows social and political chaos in the world.
Key words: missionary, spirituality, ideology, propaganda, enlightenment, morality, morals, proselytism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.035
K.E. KHASANOVA PhD Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Department of Strategic Communications and National Administration, Moscow, Russia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2045
DARKNET AS AN INSTRUMENT OF A SHADOW REGULATION OF THE ILLEGAL MARKET OF NATCOTIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Introduction. The article aims to establish the impact of the Internet’s «third level» on the progressive development of the illegal drug trafficking in Russia and the post-Soviet space. More than fifty years of Darknet’s evolution transformed it into an emergent habitat for both local and transnational drug cartels. The hidden segment of the World Wide Web has given a huge incentive to the volume growth of the shadow online-economy, rapidly adapting to the countermeasures of law-enforcement bodies.
Purpose and objectives. The aim of the study is to review current Darknet’s landscape and to establish a conceptual framework for self-organizing feature of darkweb-entities. The following tasks were set to achieve the goal: 1) analyzing the establishment of Darknet as an Internet’s “third informal level”; 2) identifying the general logic of the genesis and development of the Russian-speaking drug-platforms as well as clarifying their current status; 3) determinizing the tools for the autonomous existence of the competitive online drug-market and defining the methods for its monopolization by major actors.
Methods. In order to achieve scientific purpose of the article the author combines several methods as follows: comparative-historical, systemic and structural-functional.
Results. The trend of recent years refers to the migration potential of the marketplaces from the large «dark web» to customized mobile applications, provided by instant messages. That is why the dynamically changing landscape of threats, which comes from darknet communities, demands continuous improvement of monitoring methods as well as eradication of illicit online drug trade.
Key words: illicit drug market, Darknet, post-Soviet space, online drug marketplaces, anti-drug strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.036
CUI YIXIN Phd candidate, Guangdong university of foreign studies, Intern, Department of Political Science of the East, FGP MSU, Moscow, Russia
CHINESE VIEW ON RUSSIA'S ARCTIC STRATEGY
Chinese studies on Russia’s Arctic strategy focus on several aspects. First, it analyzes its principles and features, including the transition from fragmentation to systemicity, pragmatism, and defensive approach. Second, it examines key interests and goals, such as socio-economic development, resource development, military security, and ecology, as well as the use of legal and diplomatic tools to strengthen Russia’s status. Third, it pays attention to resource development and management, especially the development of the Northern Sea Route, where Russia seeks technological innovation and economic growth. Finally, it considers international cooperation and strategic games, where Russia balances between partnership and rivalry to strengthen its influence in the Arctic. These studies demonstrate China’s comprehensive approach to studying Russia’s Arctic strategy.
Key words: Russia, Arctic policy, Chinese view, security, resources.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.037
A.M. SHARAPOV PhD student at the Department of International Relations, World Politics and Diplomacy, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6904-2977
THE "SHARP POWER" OF US DIGITAL DIPLOMACY TOWARDS RUSSIA DURING THE FIRST PRESIDENCY OF D. TRUMP
This article examines the use of the concept of "sharp power" in US digital diplomacy towards Russia during the presidency of Donald Trump. The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of sharp power, its differences from traditional "soft power", as well as the specifics of the Trump administration's digital diplomacy. The work examines in detail specific examples of the use of various sharp power strategies by the United States and its allies against Russia, including cyberattacks, information campaigns on social networks, economic pressure through sanctions, and support for opposition and civil society structures. The author analyzes how these measures affected the Russian political system and public opinion. Particular attention is paid to the response of the Russian state aimed at strengthening digital sovereignty and protection from external information influence. Such measures as the adoption of legislation on the "sovereign Internet", the development of domestic IT technologies and platforms, as well as strengthening cybersecurity are considered. In conclusion, it is concluded that the use of sharp power in digital diplomacy under the Trump administration has significantly exacerbated Russian-American relations and forced Russia to take countermeasures to protect its national interests in the context of increasing geopolitical competition.
Key words: sharp power, soft power, Trump, digital diplomacy, cybersecurity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.038
D.E. SIGAL Postgraduate student, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
TECHNOLOGY DIPLOMACY: THE INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN TNCS ON THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ERA OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
In the context of the intensification of scientific and technological progress, the study of the influence of American TNCs on the system of international relations in the era of the digital economy is becoming especially relevant. The article discusses the specifics of modern technology diplomacy as a means of implementing geo-economic strategies of multinational corporations. The purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanisms by which American corporations influence the system of international relations in the era of the digital economy. The object of the study is the political strategies of behavior of American multinational corporations in the system of international relations. The work uses a set of methods (statistical method, comparative case analysis, quantitative analysis of financial indicators), which allows us to consider the impact of technology on the activities of TNCs. The conclusions of the article indicate that, on the one hand, technological innovations enhance the international competitiveness and political influence of TNCs. On the other hand, they create additional risks related to geopolitical tensions and the need to comply with international standards of sustainable development.
Key words: technology diplomacy, multinational corporations, digitalization, geo-economic expansion, geopolitics.
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.114.2.039
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Nauka Segodnya Publishing House, Moscow, Russia
NON-CLASSICAL WARS: MODERN APPROACHES TO CONDUCT HYBRID WARS PART II
The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific articles and studies published in the journals of the Higher Attestation Commission list of the Nauka Segodnya Publishing House on key concepts of non-classical and hybrid wars. The review consists of three parts published in the journals "Problems of National and Federal Relations", "Problems of Political Science" and "Eurasian Union: Issues of International Relations". The author examines various approaches to defining the essence of the concepts of "hybrid war", "digital wars", "non-classical wars". It is emphasized that a comprehensive analysis of non-classical wars requires interdisciplinary research by political scientists, sociologists, historians and military experts. It is noted that these studies require further study of the problem in the context of modern challenges and threats associated with the changing nature of military conflicts. As the results of the review of publications show, the study of various military-political aspects of the course of the SVO in Ukraine are of great scientific, theoretical and practical importance.
Key words: review of scientific publications, journals of the publishing house "Science Today", interdisciplinary nature, military-political aspect, non-classical wars, hybrid wars, digital wars, local nature, diplomatic methods, international security, modern challenges, the Armed Forces of Russia, the SVO in Ukraine.
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 12 (112), 2024
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Skrebets E.V., Matveyeva Ya.V. The Concept of «Empire» in Domestic Political Philosophy (Part I)
Gochmuradova G. Test of Power in the "Shahname" of A. Firdausi
Gavrov S.N., Eremkin M.P. The Falklands Conflict: Historical, Theoretical and Methodological Basis for the Analysis of Inter-Ethnic Conflicts
Khasanov Sh.Sh. Political Conflict Studies: Current State and Development Prospects
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Salikhov E.T. Armed Forces and the State: Philosophical-Political Approaches to Civil Control
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Anvarov A. Analysis of the Political Culture of Uzbekistan Youth in the Process of Society Modernization
Afonin M.V., Kabirova A.Sh., Podanev D.A. Political Parties as a Subject of Socio-Political Relations (Technologies and Models of Political Communication)
Ghercic Iu. Shaping Russia's Image in the Media of Unfriendly Countries and Potential Russian Response Measures
Datukishvili E.Z., Popov S.I., Nesterenko N.A. The Research Framework for the Analysis of the Institute of the Presidency of the Russian Federation in Modern Conditions
Oleshkevich T.A. Political Technologies of Regulation of Interethnic Relations: Concept, Structural Elements
Protsenko A.L. Formation of the Image of the State in New Media
Morozova S.S., Dedul A.G., Bulatov I.A. Security and Privacy Issues in the Context of Digital Civic Participation Security
Krisyuk A.I. The Chinese Social Trust System: a Brief Overview of the Prerequisites for the Emergence and Current Level of Development
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Ziyev I.A. Neocorporativist Mechanisms of Political Relations Between State Bodies and Business Structures: Practice of Developed Western Countries
Nikitin A.Yu. Promoting the Interests of Mining Industry Pressure Groups within the Framework of their Interaction with the State
Shtetsberg A.M. Educational Preferences of Chinese Citizens as a Problem of Foreigners Mastering the Russian Education Market
Agafonov A.V. The Problem of Youth Political Leadership in the Context of Gender Theory
Vorobyev S.V., Naryshkin A.A. On the Policy of Digitalization of Public Administration Using the Example of Promoting International Trade
Saygushinskaya S.A. Formation of the Public Policy in the Field of Foreign Agents: Main Features (on Examples of Russian and USA)
Soloviev V.A., Samolyanov O.A., Stryuk G.G. Customer Centricity in the Context of Leadership Problems – Updating the Issue
HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Burikova I.S. Hybrid Wars as a New Type of Interstate Aggression
Egorov S.S. Special Military Operation in Ukraine: the Undeclared War of Western Countries Against Russia
Kant T.V. Formation of the Concept of "Soft Power" and its Place in Russian Political Discourse
Kozhukhova K.E. The Essence and Typology of National Strategic Cultures as the Basis of the Vector of the State's Foreign Policy Course
Mutalimov A.E., Magomedova A.A. Theses of a Comparative Analysis of Political and Socio-Economic Contacts in the History of Russia and the West
Rogov Yu.A. U.S. Public Diplomacy Transformation in the Epoch of Artificial Intelligence
Sugonyaev P.M. The Foreign Policy Provision of Energy Security of the Modern Federal Republic of Germany
Gu Qianwei. Transport Projects of China and Central and Eastern European Countries within the Framework of the Belt and Road Initiative
Kasianenko A.V. Russian-Turkish Fuel and Energy Cooperation as a Factor in the Intensification of Military-Political Relations Between the Two Countries
Klimova A.S. Counter-Terrorism Strategy «Contest» in the Context of the UK Counter-Terrorism Policy in the First Quarter of the 21st Century (Part III)
Odynets D.O. The Role and Influence of the Media in Shaping Public Opinion and Evaluating the Activities of Political Parties and their Leaders in the United States
Shudrik M.V. The Information Wars in 1990-2000s: the Consequences and Experience
Bokeria S.A., Selena Andreina Madris Rito. Political Instability and Humanitarian Crises in Haiti
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. Information, Hybrid and Proxy Wars: Overview of the Latest Research
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.001
E.V. SKREBETS Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Sevastopol State University, Law Institute, Head of the Department «Civil Law and Litigation», Sevastopol, Russia
YA.V. MATVEYEVA Senior Lecturer, Sevastopol State University, Institute of Social Sciences and International Relations, Senior Lecturer of the Department of «Social, Philosophical and Political Sciences», Sevastopol, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF «EMPIRE» IN DOMESTIC POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY PART I
The problem of the concept of «empire» in domestic political and philosophical thought is chosen as the subject of the research. Attention is drawn to the complexity and multidimensionality of the phenomenon of empire, the absence of its generally recognisable definition in philosophical science. Terminological discussion on imperial problems in the Russian scientific community is traced. The basic characteristics of empire in the perceptions of Russian scientists are analysed. It is noted that the modern Russian imperial idea is the result of a long-term theoretical search and rethinking of the millennial path overcame by the Russian state. It is emphasised that active discussions of the problems of empire by modern scholars, specialising in political philosophy, give a new impetus to the understanding of contemporary Russian problems. It is concluded that at present the empire is studied as a possible means of adaptation of Russia to the conditions of the emerging world order.
Key words: empire, imperial idea, «imperialism», imperial model, «imperial order», «imperial body», «imperial consciousness», superstatehood, metropolis, «centre-periphery», imperiology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.002
G. GOCHMURADOVA Postgraduate student, Department of History of Socio-Political Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
TEST OF POWER IN THE "SHAHNAME" OF A. FIRDAUSI
Introduction. Despite the fact that the poem "Shahname" was written by the poet Firdausi in the 10th-11th centuries, the socio-political ideas of the epic have not lost their relevance to this day. Such ideas include the idea that the state is based on the faith and power of the ruler [9. P. 148], the idea of the primacy of divine law and justice. Thus, it can be found that Iran remains a theocratic state, and the country's constitution begins with the words "In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful" – and then the following verse from the Koran is given: "Verily, We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and sent down with them the Book and the scales, that people may uphold justice".
The article is devoted to the study of power as a test for rulers in the Shahnameh and consists of parts that reveal the historical and religious context of the development of the concept of power; analysis of myths and legends associated with the struggle for power (tales about Goshtasp, Lokhrasp and Isfendiyar, myths about Zohak, Irej, Jemshid, Kay-Khosrow, etc.); analysis of the influence of social hierarchy and the idea of justice on the concept of power; consideration of the moral aspects of power.
Purpose and objectives. To reveal the idea of power as a test for rulers and analyze the ways to overcome the temptation of power in the Shahnameh.
Methods. The methodological basis of the article is political textology, general scientific and historical research methods.
Results. Through myths, legends and stories, Firdausi shows that true power stems from virtues. In order to avoid the destructive aspects of power and its abuse, the Shahnameh speaks of the need to elevate virtuous people in politics.
Conclusions. Power in the Shahnameh, being closely associated with the divine principle, is not only a gift, but also a test for the ruler. The legitimacy of power stems from divine approval. Firdausi shows in the Shahnameh how such virtues of the ruler affect the fate of not only the king himself, but also the state and the people. The struggle for power in the Shahnameh reveals both noble and negative qualities of the heroes of the epic, demonstrating the destructive aspects of power. Firdausi emphasizes the inevitability of retribution for unjust acts.
Key words: Shahnameh, power, king, concept of power, good, evil, political textual criticism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.003
S.N. GAVROV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
M.P. EREMKIN Student of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University, Moscow, Russia
THE FALKLANDS CONFLICT: HISTORICAL, THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICTS
This article considers the main approaches to the study of the essence of interethnic conflicts on the example of the Falklands conflict. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that at the moment many conflicts that are in a frozen state tend to flare up and move into a hot phase. The reason for all this is world instability, the struggle for redistribution of world domination, and the transition to multipolarity. All these reasons somehow or other push the countries having some or other territorial disagreements to certain actions, be it a military operation or publication/statements on these issues by the highest officials of the states, which leads to the escalation of the conflict. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the main approaches to the study of interethnic conflicts. The main task before us is to identify the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of interethnic conflicts on the example of the conflict between Great Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands. And to achieve this task we analyzed the works of scholars of conflictologists, in particular those specializing in international conflicts, and identified the main trends in the course and development of conflicts on ethnic grounds. In the course of our work we managed to prove that the main causes of conflicts on national grounds are: conflict over a disputed territory, internal territorial division, the existence of peoples without statehood, as well as the presence of unrecognized states. Also on the basis of the works of such a scientist as: S. Lantsov, we have identified the main methods that contribute to the settlement of interethnic conflicts. These include: the political will of one of the opposing states, the surrender of one of the parties due to defeat on the battlefield or the collapse of the economy, as well as the participation of a third party in the role of mediator. This topic has further prospects for study, as the process of conflict resolution has become increasingly complex over the years, and there are fewer and fewer options for diplomatic, peaceful, bloodless conflict resolution.
Key words: Inter-ethnic conflict, conflict resolution, S. Lancov, conflictology, territorial conflict, statehood, political will, mediator, hot phase, diplomacy, Falkland Islands, Great Britain, Argentina.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.004
SH.SH. KHASANOV Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Associate Professor, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
POLITICAL CONFLICT STUDIES: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
The article examines the current state and main directions of development of conflictology as a philosophical, political science in the historical aspect, analyzes the process of emergence and development of the institute of conflictology as a type of social science. The author analyzes the state of world and domestic political conflictology. The author reveals the stages of development of the theory of conflicts in the world, the specifics of the formation of political conflictology and the formation of the conflictological scientific community in the country, explores those scientific problems that conflictology faces.
Key words: conflict, contradiction, political conflicts, pessimistic and optimistic approach, level of violence in conflict, structural functionalism, dialectical concept, political conflictology, political power, functions of political conflictology.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.005
E.T. SALIKHOV Independent applicant, the Higher School of Strategic analysis and prognosis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
ARMED FORCES AND THE STATE: PHILOSOPHICAL-POLITICAL APPROACHES TO CIVIL CONTROL
The article considers the armed forces as the most important instrument of state protection, but at the same time emphasizes their potential danger to society and the state due to their monopoly on the right to use force. The analysis of philosophical and political views on the role of the armed forces in the state is carried out based on the ideas of thinkers and statesmen of different eras: from antiquity to Marxist and modern theories. The approaches of Plato, Aristotle, Shang Yang, Amir Timur, Machiavelli, Clausewitz, the authors of Arthashastra and Siyaset-name to issues of control over the army and its interaction with the state are considered. The article also considers the Marxist perception of the army as an instrument of class struggle and a defender of socialist ideals and ends with an analysis of Huntington's models of civilian control over the military. The methodological basis of the study includes an analysis of key works examining the role of the army in the state in different historical eras and in different political systems.
Key words: armed forces, army, security, civil-military relations, civilian control.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.006
A. ANVAROV Applicant of the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF UZBEKISTAN YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIETY MODERNIZATION
The article analyzes the processes ongoing today, the adopted regulatory documents, and the organized activities of various organizations in the direction of developing youth political culture in Uzbekistan. In the system of political culture, in its improvement, raising it to a new qualitative level, youth issues, which occupy a special place, their interest in politics and propensity to participate in political processes, are of practical importance for the national development and well-being of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Key words: political processes, socialization of youth, national identity, socio-economic development, political system, political culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.007
M.V. AFONIN Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Socio-Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
A.SH. KABIROVA Master's student of the Faculty of Economics of the State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
D.A. PODANEV Master's student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law of the State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL PARTIES AS A SUBJECT OF SOCIO-POLITICAL RELATIONS (TECHNOLOGIES AND MODELS OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION)
The modern landscape of observed socio-political changes reveals some problematic features associated with the formulation of an ideological and value basis and the use of tools by influential political actors. In this regard, relevant requirements are imposed with regard to the functioning of political parties in the context of maintaining their own political legitimacy and ensuring public trust. The problem of the formulation of effective technologies for the construction of socio-political relations by political parties at the present stage is actualized. As a result, the author identifies some models of modern political communication used by political parties as one of the key participants in political processes – the postclassical (postmodern, metamodern) model of political communication, the reconceptualization of the political sphere, the restructuring of the political sphere, structural functionalism, technocratic instrumentalism, the expansion of the institutional framework for interaction between the state and society.
Key words: political parties, political communication, political influence, society, state, political technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.008
Iu. GHERCIC Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
SHAPING RUSSIA'S IMAGE IN THE MEDIA OF UNFRIENDLY COUNTRIES AND POTENTIAL RUSSIAN RESPONSE MEASURES
This scientific article presents a content analysis of publications in German media that shape public opinion not only in Germany but also serve as a benchmark for other European news sources, with the aim of constructing the external image of the Russian Federation through the prism of coverage of topics related to Russia and its actions in the geopolitical arena. The period of news coverage for 2014-2024 is examined. The negative dynamics of the change in tone in news coverage about Russia over the above-mentioned period are highlighted. The key components in the formation of Russia's image abroad are identified.
Key words: Russia, image, media, nuclear weapons, aggressor, military actions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.009
Е.Z. DATUKISHVILI Candidate of Political sciences, Deputy head of the Representative office of the Tambov region to the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Candidate of political sciences, Associate professor, Associate professor of the Department of public policy and history of state and law of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' friendship university, Moscow, Russia
N.A. NESTERENKO Candidate of psychological sciences, Associate professor of the Department of socio-political institutions, processes and technologies of the Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia
THE RESEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENCY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The main purpose of this article is to formulate a research framework for the analysis of the Institute of the Presidency of the Russian Federation at the present stage. In addition to the existing positive experience of the development of the institution of the presidency of modern states, some negative features of the strengthening of presidential power are identified, associated with the intersection and/or duplication of official powers of the executive and legislative branches of government, the weakness of the arbitration procedures used, the minimization of political competition in elections, etc. The author highlights such subject areas as ensuring political legitimacy, optimizing the structural and functional specifics of the system of public authorities, strengthening the system of checks and balances within the framework of political decisions, promoting historical continuity of political development, creating conditions for the implementation of "manual" political management, operating formal institutional and procedural political practices, expanding politicalfunctional capabilities, maintaining resilience to political challenges, updating political trust, building international authority and geopolitical influence. The theoretical foundations of the research of the Institute of the Presidency of the Russian Federation are considered using some works of foreign and domestic researchers and the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for the analysis of the Institute of the presidency (systemic, institutional, structural, and functional, political, and legal, behavioral, anthropological approaches). The article analyzes the political and administrative functions of the institute of the presidency in relation to the implementation of security and control actions, stabilization of the political system and interstate interaction in a modern interpretation. The main criteria for the effectiveness of the institution of the presidency in relation to the subject area of the achieved political goals and objectives are substantiated. At the same time, the contradictory features and problems of socio-political development that are being actualized today (the manifestation of the inefficiency of mechanisms for ensuring political control, the emergence of new digital tools, the strengthening of the political influence of the media, etc.) require improvement of research tools in relation to the study of the institute of the presidency. As a result, the author concludes that it is necessary to formulate an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the Institute of the presidency of the Russian Federation, considering modern Russian political practice.
Key words: Presidency, presidentialism, Russian Federation, President of the Russian Federation, head of state, executive authority, political institutions, political functions, efficiency criteria, theoretical and methodological approaches.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.010
T.A. OLESHKEVICH Associate Professor of the Department of Professional Training GAOU VO "Nevinnomyssk State Humanitarian and Technical Institute", Nevinnomyssk, Russia
POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF REGULATION OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS: CONCEPT, STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
The article examines theoretical approaches to defining the essence of political technologies for managing social relations; based on their critical analysis, the author provides an original definition of the essence of political technologies for regulating interethnic (interethnic) relations and their typology.
By means of structural and functional analysis, the main structural elements, subsystems and their functions are identified in political technologies for regulating interethnic relations.
One of the theoretically and practically significant indicators of the political nature of technologies is the use of political power by government bodies and other participants in public relations for the purposes of regulating them.
Key words: technologies, political technologies, interethnic relations, interethnic relations, political technologies of regulating interethnic relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.012
A.L. PROTSENKO PhD Student at the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE STATE IN NEW MEDIA
The article examines mechanisms for shaping the state’s image in the context of the digitization of media space. Special attention is paid to new media as a tool of state policy, their role in strengthening national identity, and forming an international image. The work is based on the analysis of successful cases and contemporary theoretical approaches, as well as addressing challenges arising in the information society era. The results obtained can be used to develop state branding strategies.
Key words: state image, new media, digitalization, national identity, state branding.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.013
S.S. MOROZOVA Associate Professor, Department of Russian Politics, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
A.G. DEDUL Lecturer, Faculty of Political Science, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
I.A. BULATOV Master's student, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL CIVIC PARTICIPATION SECURITY
The digitalization of public life has led to the transformation of traditional forms of civic participation, opening up new opportunities for citizens to interact with public institutions. However, the development of digital civic participation is accompanied by challenges related to the security and privacy of user data. The article analyzes key challenges in this area, including cyberattacks, data breaches and privacy issues, and offers recommendations to minimize them. Special attention is paid to legal, technical and educational aspects of data protection. The conclusions and recommendations presented are aimed at improving data security and citizens' trust in digital platforms.
Key words: digital civic engagement, data security, privacy, digitalization, cyber threats, information protection, digital literacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.015
A.I. KRISYUK Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science Peoples Friendship University of Russia, co-chairman of the ARIR Performance Committee, Moscow, Russia
THE CHINESE SOCIAL TRUST SYSTEM: A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE PREREQUISITES FOR THE EMERGENCE AND CURRENT LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
Throughout history, ruling elites have used both direct coercion and soft power methods to maintain their dominance. These methods were aimed at creating favorable conditions for the rulers of the world in society, which allow them to effectively manage society and suppress any dissent before it manifests itself. In the modern era, the desire of the elite to retain power is manifested in the creation and implementation of digital technologies that allow them to control the behavior of citizens and organizations. In the context of active digitalization, the PRC has become a pioneer among countries in the world, officially declaring the creation of a nationwide surveillance system. This system, using carrot and stick mechanisms, is designed to regulate and shape population behavior patterns at a strategic level. The scale of this digital system carries a large number of serious areas, including direct technical implementation and support, as well as problems associated with the risks of unfair restrictions on the opportunities and freedoms of Chinese citizens.
Key words: digital transformation, digital profile, digital dictatorship, digital control, social scoring, social rating, digitalization, social networks, mobile Internet.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.016
I.A. ZIYEV Independent researcher, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
NEOCORPORATIVIST MECHANISMS OF POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STATE BODIES AND BUSINESS STRUCTURES: PRACTICE OF DEVELOPED WESTERN COUNTRIES
Neocorporatism describes a political framework where organized interest groups such as business associations and labor unions are formally integrated into the policy-making process by the state. This study explores the mechanisms of neocorporatist political relations between state bodies and business structures in developed Western countries. It highlights the historical evolution, current practices, and challenges faced by these mechanisms. The analysis includes the decline of macro-corporatist structures, the role of consensus-based policymaking, strategies in government relations, trade union involvement, and the impact of public-private partnerships. The findings suggest that while neocorporatist arrangements face significant pressures from economic and political changes, they continue to play a crucial role in managing state-business interactions.
Key words: Neocorporatism, State-business relations, Policy-making, Interest groups, Public-private partnerships, Economic policy, Trade unions, Western Europe, Government relations, Political structures.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.017
A.Yu. NIKITIN Applicant of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PROMOTING THE INTERESTS OF MINING INDUSTRY PRESSURE GROUPS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEIR INTERACTION WITH THE STATE
This article is devoted to the study of the process of promoting the interests of pressure groups in the mining industry as part of their interaction with the state. To achieve the goal of the study, comparative, historical and genetic methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis of material, were used. The author identifies and analyzes the main tools and mechanisms of influence of representatives of mining industry groups on the state, identifies the main problems in the industry under study, as well as possible ways to solve them with the participation of the state.
Key words: mining industry, mining industry, pressure groups, state, Russian Federation, sanctions, risk-based approach, import substitution.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.018
A.M. SHTETSBERG Postgraduate student, program "Political problems of international relations of global and regional development", Central Russian Institute of Management, RANEPA, Vice-head of the Center for International Students Preparation of the Institute for Social Sciences, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia
EDUCATIONAL PREFERENCES OF CHINESE CITIZENS AS A PROBLEM OF FOREIGNERS MASTERING THE RUSSIAN EDUCATION MARKET
The article is devoted to some aspects of the process of students’ admission, citizens of the People's Republic of China, to Universities of the Russian Federation, the reasons for choosing professions within the Russian education market and, as a consequence, such problems as the lack of integration of foreigners into the Russian educational environment and the severe shortage of professionals in certain branches of international activity. The main purpose of the study is to establish and describe the causal relationship between the primary choice of Russian specializations by foreign citizens and the dynamics of the development of international relations in some areas of cooperation between countries, as well as to identify new methods that Russian education sector can offer for foreigners to master the least liquid areas. Thus, the tasks of the work include: determining the spectrum of the most and least popular professions by applicants-citizens of the People's Republic of China, identifying the reasons for these indicators and prerequisites for the current state of Russian-Chinese relations in the field of education, identifying potential opportunities to increase the export potential of Russian universities. Special attention is paid to the methods of academic and extracurricular work with foreign students and trainees, as two constantly interrelated sides of the educational process, and the results of working these methods in practice of dealing with foreigners. Based on the study of statistical data, as well as the generalization of the practical experience of theCenter for International Students, of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the Government of the Russian Federation, the conclusion is substantiated about the need for correct adaptation of the learning process in basic and additional educational programs for students and trainees, citizens of the People's Republic of China.
Key words: Internationalization, Russian-Chinese relations, educational services, foreign students, export potential.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.014
A.V. AGAFONOV First Deputy Director General of Autonomous Nonprofit Organization «Russia – The Country of Opportunities», Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF YOUTH POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER THEORY
The article examines the problem of youth women's political leadership in the context of modern gender analysis. The study of the presence of women in power is conducted against the background of urgent problems of gender equality and changing social norms. The conclusion is made about the impossibility of an objective solution to the gender problem due to the existence of two fundamentally opposite positions. One is based on the traditional perception of the gender role of women, while the other focuses on the struggle for equal rights with men, striving to be "the same as men."
Key words: women in power, political power, youth political leadership, gender, female politician.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.011
S.V. VOROBYEV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.A. NARYSHKIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Diplomacy of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
ON THE POLICY OF DIGITALIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION USING THE EXAMPLE OF PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL TRADE
This article is devoted to the digitalization policy of public administration. The article provides a brief overview of the approaches evolution to promoting international trade in our country. This work also contains theoretical and practical aspects of foreign representative offices of the Russian Federation work digitalization. Mainly it touches upon export support.
The article presents existing practical developments in this field, as well as promising approaches aimed at achieving our country’s own foreign policy and foreign economic goals at the present stage.
Key words: digitalization, digital public administration, models and procedures, international trade, export promotion.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.019
S.A. SAYGUSHINSKAYA Postgraduate student at the Department of Public Policy of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF THE PUBLIC POLICY IN THE FIELD OF FOREIGN AGENTS: MAIN FEATURES (ON EXAMPLES OF RUSSIAN AND USA)
Public policy in the field of foreign agents includes the development of measures on regulation of their activities and the protection of national interests from potential threats that may arise as a result of foreign agents’ actions. The effectiveness of this policy lies in the creation of legal mechanisms that are adequate to existing foreign policy challenges and applied within the framework of national security and protecting state sovereignty. This article analyzes the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and USA. The regulatory mechanisms are described, but also the reasons behind the adoption of these mechanisms. In addition, the article describes the relevant government authorities authorized to exercise control over persons recognized as foreign agents in the designated countries. The results presented in the article allow us to draw conclusions about current political processes and the development of public policy in the field of foreign agents not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the USA political and legal space.
Key words: foreign agents, foreign influence, public policy, national security, non-profit organizations, international law, political activities.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.020
V.A. SOLOVIEV Head of the Laboratory of Human-Centricity and Leadership Practices, Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
O.A. SAMOLYANOV Chief Expert of the Laboratory of Human-Centricity and Leadership Practices, Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
G.G. STRYUK Deputy Head of the Laboratory of Human-Centricity and Leadership Practices, Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
CUSTOMER CENTRICITY IN THE CONTEXT OF LEADERSHIP PROBLEMS – UPDATING THE ISSUE
The study of the phenomenon of customer-centricity aims to determine the exact interpretation of this concept in organizational management and leadership practices. The term “Customer Centricity” has predominantly consumer business connotations, but in the article it is considered as a fundamental management principle that is associated with a certain set of leadership practices. The article presents various manifestations of the client-centricity of the leader and the organization – this is a focus on the client ("external" or "internal"), his needs, requests, interests – as a key factor in effective development. A conceptual model of the evolution of organizational structures is identified that provides an important theoretical framework for understanding changing demands on leaders and management strategies. The factors influencing the interdependence of the organization's external and internal clients, described in the second-order client-centricity model, are identified. The key features of a client-centric organization and the role of the leader in it are formulated.
Key words: customer-centricity, leadership, human-centricity, leadership practices, customer-centric trends, customer-centric approach.
HISTORY AND THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.021
I.S. BURIKOVA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Technologies, Faculty of Social Technologies North-West Institute of Management, RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia
HYBRID WARS AS A NEW TYPE OF INTERSTATE AGGRESSION
Introduction: a fundamental feature of the current geopolitical situation is the conduct of a large-scale hybrid war by all available means. A distinctive feature of a hybrid war is the absence of direct armed invasion of the opponent. The main instruments of hybrid aggression are concentrated in the information, political, socio-psychological, economic and terrorist spaces. Taking into account the available opportunities, the aggressor exerts pressure, ranging from the replication of unfriendly information content to the financing of terrorist organizations and separatist movements. The strategic goal of a hybrid war is to completely subordinate the geopolitical will of the opponent and build its behavior based on the interests of the aggressor. Ensuring national sovereignty requires the creation of an effective system of protection against hybrid threats at all levels of the socio-economic and military-political space. The purpose of the work is to consider the basic essential elements of a hybrid war as an integral part of existing geopolitical relations. Research results: the author clarified the essential aspects of a hybrid war, including consideration of its key instruments, distinctive features and structuring of goals by time horizons of achievement.
Key words: hybrid war, geopolitical space, interstate aggression, sanctions, information war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.022
S.S. EGOROV PHD student, Faculty of political science MSU, Moscow, Russia
SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE: THE UNDECLARED WAR OF WESTERN COUNTRIES AGAINST RUSSIA
The article is devoted to the consideration of the geopolitical phenomenon of a special military operation (hereinafter – SVO) on the territory of Ukraine, examines the causes, factors and consequences that prompted Russia to resort to mechanisms of hard power to defend its national interests on the world stage in the context of a hybrid war with Western countries. The purpose and objectives of this scientific work: to consider the historical and political context emerging in the field of security on the territory of Ukraine before the start of its. To consider the steps and policies of Ukraine and Western countries (from 2014 to 2022) that led to a sharp escalation in bilateral relations with the Russian Federation. To analyze the causes and consequences of ITS presence on the territory of Ukraine for the world order and the European security system. Research methodology: the scientific work is based on a historical-comparative approach, the well-established developments of the civilizational approach are applied, which made it possible to identify Ukraine as the territory of intersection of the geopolitical interests of the countries of the West and Russia, thanks to the geopolitical analysis, It was possible to comprehensively study the reasons that prompted Russia to launch its own on the territory of Ukraine, and comprehensively study the consequences of its own for both Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Within the framework of the scientific article, tools for analyzing strategic planning documents of Ukraine, Russia and Western countries are used, to confirm the assumptions put forward, a content analysis of the domestic and foreign policy situation of the situation in Ukraine is used. Results and conclusions: a hypothesis has been put forward that Ukraine and Western countries since 2014. We were systematically preparing for a full-scale conflict with the Russian Federation. Russia's military operation on the territory of Ukraine was a forced and preventive measure aimed at protecting compatriots, the Russian language and Russia's geopolitical interests.
Key words: the political crisis in Ukraine, NATO, the European Union, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.023
T.V. KANT Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF "SOFT POWER" AND ITS PLACE IN RUSSIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
The article examines the concept of "soft power" in the context of its formation, development and use in international politics. The significance of this concept for modern foreign policy strategy, as well as its role in ensuring the international influence of the state, is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the place of the concept of "soft power" in domestic political science.
It is noted that understanding the features of the problematic field of the concept of "soft power" can contribute to the development of new provisions of the international strategy of our country, especially within the framework of promising and actively developing areas of foreign policy. The importance of studying the practices of using "soft power" as an instrument of international politics and influence is emphasized.
If we turn to the definition of the term, then, according to the “Diplomatic Dictionary of the Russian Foreign Ministry”, in our country “soft power” is defined as a form of political influence, the principles, methods, approaches and tools of which allow achieving strategic results “based on voluntary participation, sympathy and attractiveness, rather than coercion”.
The author notes in 2025 a relevant branch of public diplomacy, the direction of digital diplomacy, as a developing and effective tool of “soft power” on the global Internet.
Key words: "soft power", international politics, foreign policy strategy, political influence, domestic political science, public diplomacy, digital diplomacy, international relations, geopolitics, diplomatic dictionary of the Russian Foreign Ministry.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.024
K.E. KOZHUKHOVA PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
THE ESSENCE AND TYPOLOGY OF NATIONAL STRATEGIC CULTURES AS THE BASIS OF THE VECTOR OF THE STATE'S FOREIGN POLICY COURSE
Serious transformations and dynamic development are taking place in modern international relations. This is due to the fact that the modern system of global politics naturally responds to the changing requirements of the evolution of the international political conjuncture: destabilization and expansion of the concept of sovereignty, an increase in the role of non-state actors in international relations, the emergence of an active political and psychological component in determining the strategies of state players in international relations, etc. Each of these aspects is a serious research problem, suggesting a possible axiological solution due to the intensification of the influence of the national value component in world politics. In response to a request to study the last mentioned analytical and synthetic task, modern theorists of international relations propose the use of the concept of "strategic culture", expressing a set of national traditions, customs, peculiarities of mentality, historical and political practice in solving issues of the use of military force in the event of threats to national security. This study is devoted to the modern process of forming the scientific concept of "strategic culture", as well as the typologization of national strategic cultures of the modern world.
Key words: strategic culture, international relations, foreign policy, national identity, psychology of international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.025
A.E. MUTALIMOV Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines, North-Caucasus Institute (branch) of All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala, Russia
A.A. MAGOMEDOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Humanities and Socio-Economic Disciplines, North-Caucasus Institute (branch) of All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala, Russia
THESES OF A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTACTS IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA AND THE WEST
The purpose of the work is to study the formation of relations between the Russian Federation and the West as an indicator of the growth of political freedom and sovereignty of Russia based on a universal method, the main of which are methods of observation, comparison and historical. Presenting the material in the thesis plan, the author seeks to show the choice of the path of Russia's development in socio-economic, political and technological development from import substitution to technological leadership, striving to observe the principle of equality of the country among equals.
Russia has traveled a long historical path from the First and Second World Wars to the abandonment of the Warsaw Pact and the collapse of the Soviet Union, even changing its mode of production, moving from the socialist to the capitalist method, in search of itself. Russia strives to develop in a multipolar world in friendship and cooperation with all, preserving its sovereignty in all spheres of life: politics, social sphere, economy, spiritual sphere, observing its traditional values. At the dawn of Soviet power, during the civil war, Russia was surrounded by twelve interventionist countries of the West and East, fighting against it. Currently, Russia is opposing more than fifty Western countries that supply Ukraine with the latest types of weapons and money that want our country to lose strategically.
Conclusions: the results of the analysis can be used in all forms of classes for students of colleges and higher educational institutions and all forms of education, among young people and interested persons. This should be food for thought in choosing the right path of development.
Key words: import substitution, technological leadership, public spheres, interventionist countries, Entente, quadruple Alliance, spiritual values, sovereignty, traditional values, civil war, First and Second World Wars, Karlshorst, Cecilienhof.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.026
YU.A. ROGOV Postgraduate student, Faculty of global studies, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia
U.S. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY TRANSFORMATION IN THE EPOCH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and algorithms determines the relevance of studying its applicability in various policy areas, especially in those that can significantly benefit from the introduction of big data analysis technologies – a striking example here is public diplomacy. The paper analyzes the prospects and limitations of the applicability of AI algorithms in the field of public diplomacy. It was revealed that two key limitations are the widespread hidden bias of AI algorithms, often implicitly promoting Western narratives, as well as the smoothing of uncertainty. Meanwhile, an adequate understanding of the entire spectrum of opinions and narratives existing in the society of the target country, as well as openness to alternative interpretations of facts and reality, are the cornerstone of public diplomacy.
Key words: public diplomacy, artificial intelligence, US hegemony, decision support, bias, uncertainty.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.027
P.M. SUGONYAEV Postgraduate student of the Department the Political science of the Moscow state linguistic university, Moscow, Russia
THE FOREIGN POLICY PROVISION OF ENERGY SECURITY OF THE MODERN FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
This article deals with the current state of Germany's energy security and its foreign policy aspect. The aim of the study was to find the main actors in German foreign policy that contribute to the Federal Republic's own energy security. The objectives were to define Germany's energy security and its characteristics, to study the institutions involved in ensuring energy security by means of foreign policy, and to analyse the activities of the identified institutions. The research methods were document analysis, comparison, generalisation, classification, synthesis. The study characterised the importance of security of supply, affordability and predictability for the Federal Republic of Germany as an importer of energy resources, while foreign policy institutions are able to contribute to long-term energy security planning. As a result of the analysis of the main doctrinal documents, the main German foreign policy actors include the Federal Chancellor's Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Protection. But in addition to state bodies, Germany has a network of private and semi-governmental analytical centres that provide information and analytical support for Germany's foreign energy policy and are able to influence the foreign policy course with their expertise in reports, as well as party foundations that are able to influence the policies of other states with their specific tools. The conclusions of the study include the formulation of the importance of the foreign policy aspect of energy security in connection with the features of the German economy and resource base, as well as the criticism of German foreign policy in the energy sphere as reactive and changing from one type of dependence to another without proper diversification.
Key words: doctrinal documents, energy security, foreign policy, Germany, political institutes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.028
GU QIANWEI Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
TRANSPORT PROJECTS OF CHINA AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
This article is devoted to the characteristics of the main transport projects of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of interaction between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road initiative. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set, namely: to give a brief description of the Belt and Road initiative; to analyze the main reasons for the criticism of China by the European Union from the point of view of the formation of transport projects in Central and Eastern Europe; to analyze individual transport projects currently being implemented by China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; to draw conclusions about the prospects of transport projects of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe at the current stage of their development. The main research methods were the following: analysis of modern publications on the research topic, comparative analysis, retrospective analysis, as well as the method of generalizations. The result of the study was the conclusion about the success of the development of transport projects in China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. It was concluded that in the plans for the implementation of the Belt and Road initiative, the region of Central and Eastern Europe is designated as the final stage of the initiative. The author also concluded that for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe that interact with China, both the promotion of the Belt and Road initiative and the pandemic have become incentives for further deployment of infrastructure projects, both in the format of bilateral agreements and within the framework of trilateral cooperation with China and the structures of the European Union at the same time.
Key words: transport project, Central and Eastern European countries, China, initiative, logistics route, prospects, pandemic.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.029
A.V. KASIANENKO Teacher-researcher, junior researcher of the ANO "Center for Oriental Studies, International Relations and Public Diplomacy", Moscow, Russia
RUSSIAN-TURKISH FUEL AND ENERGY COOPERATION AS A FACTOR IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF MILITARY-POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES
In the context of increasing competition in the global energy markets, as well as the strengthening of economic and military-political ties between Russia and Turkey, the study of the energy factor in the diplomatic relations of modern states is becoming an urgent scientific task that allows us to reliably assess the balance of power in the modern world economy. The political significance of Russian-Turkish fuel and energy cooperation allows us to state the priority role of economic ties between the two states for bilateral military-political relations.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the mechanism of influence of fuel and energy cooperation on military-political relations between Russia and Turkey. The subject of the study is specific projects, such as the construction of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline and the development of nuclear energy, which serve as the basis for deepening bilateral cooperation. The research methods include political analysis, comparison and content analysis, which allows for a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the mutual influence of the energy sector and military-political aspects of cooperation. As a result of the analysis of current trends in the development of fuel and energy cooperation between Russia and Turkey, the author comes to the conclusion that in the new geopolitical conditions of Russia, it actively seeks to diversify its foreign policy ties, which gets its implementation within the framework of the strategy of "turning to the east". The increasing tension in relations between Russia and the collective West, which is burdened by the sanctions war unleashed against Russia, encourages Russian economic agents to establish and develop economic ties with the countries of the Global South. Turkey, occupying an advantageous geographical position, acts as a buffer for the supply of Russian energy resources to European countries.
Key words: energy, foreign policy, energy diplomacy, Russian-Turkish relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.030
A.S. KLIMOVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of World Politics. Moscow, Russia
COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGY «CONTEST» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UK COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 21ST CENTURY PART III
The article considers the evolution of the UK main government document in the field of countering the terrorist threat – the counter-terrorism strategy «Contest» from 2003 to the present. The relevance of the research is determined by the significance of this strategy in ensuring the national security of Great Britain as one of the world's leading powers in the fight against terrorism. The purpose of the article is to critically assess the results of the directions included in the Contest strategy: the «4Ps», the «Prevent» counter-extremism program, the «Channel» interdepartmental search and support program for persons at risk of radicalization. In addition, the achievements and shortcomings of the strategy in the fight against the growing number of cyberattacks in recent years are highlighted.
Since the publication of the first version in 2003, the UK counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», which contains long-term systemic counter extremism measures, has undergone significant changes. Despite the achievements, «Contest» has shown a number of contradictory, insufficient results and needs to be updated, which is confirmed by British authorities. The «Prevent» program is invariably criticized publicly for securitizing society, stigmatizing British Muslims, restricting freedom of speech. The problem is compounded by a number of existing and new terrorist threats, fragmentation of the extremist groups, a significant acceleration in the preparation of terrorist attacks, lack of a systematic assessment of terrorist attack risks. In addition, the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit raise concerns. Accordingly, the analysis of the «Contest» strategy allows drawing conclusions regarding its effectiveness and outlining the short – and medium-term prospects for its development.
Key words: UK, national security, terrorism, counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», «4Ps», «Prevent» program, «Channel» program, extremism, cyberterrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.031
D.O. ODYNETS Graduate student of the Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA IN SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION AND EVALUATING THE ACTIVITIES OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THEIR LEADERS IN THE UNITED STATES
The role and influence of the media in shaping public opinion and evaluating the activities of political parties are essential in the modern political process. The media serve as the main source of information for most people and have a significant impact on their perception and understanding of political events and the activity of political parties. Today, the mass media influence the opinions and assessments of the public regarding political parties and their leaders in the United States. Many Americans receive information about politics and government only from the media, so the media have the opportunity to form opinions about political leaders and their activities among a wide audience. In addition, many of the largest media outlets in the United States have significant resources and influence which stories and topics become the main news and which are ignored.
Key words: mass media, public, political parties, USA, news, government.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.032
M.V. SHUDRIK Postgraduate student, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE INFORMATION WARS IN 1990-2000S: THE CONSEQUENCES AND EXPERIENCE
The article analyzes two major conflicts of the late 20th century – the Persian Gulf conflict and the Yugoslav Wars. The conflicts are examined in the context of information warfare, and the research focus of the paper is on assessing the means and methods used by the US and its allies during the conflicts. The paper chronologically reviews the conflicts, emphasizing the operations and actions that were used as means of psychological and informational influence. In the process of comparing these conflicts, the key vectors of the development of the vision of information warfare in the late 20th century are identified, and the evolution of the concept of information warfare is assessed. The main objective of the study is to identify the specific patterns of information operations used on the basis of these conflicts in order to determine their capabilities, causes and consequences of their implementation in the course of military operations. The author concludes that by the beginning of the 21st century the United States has moved to a new stage in the development of its military doctrine, having identified information warfare as one of the keys to achieving the goal of containing the development of a multipolar world. Based on this conclusion, the author emphasizes the need to update the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, which would take into account the challenges posed by the conventional enemy and modern realities, taking into account the rich experience of the United States in conducting operations of this kind.
Key words: Persian Gulf, Yugoslavia, NATO, mass-media, information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.033
S.A. BOKERIA Candidate of Law, Associate Professor Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
SELENA ANDREINA MADRIS RITO PhD student, Department of History of International Relations and Foreign Policy, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND HUMANITARIAN CRISES IN HAITI
Objectives: The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that led to political instability and humanitarian crises in Haiti, as well as to assess the political, social and economic circumstances that contribute to the emergence of conflicts in the country.
The objectives of the study include an analysis of the political factors that caused the humanitarian crisis in Haiti, as well as a study of modern approaches to assessing this crisis.
Research hypothesis: an analysis of the historical context, including political factors such as the overthrow of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 2004 and its consequences for the country's political system, as well as economic and social aspects.
Methodology: document analysis and quantitative methods were used in the study.
Results: showed that political instability in Haiti exacerbates humanitarian crises, worsening security and limiting access to resources and services.
Conclusions: The findings show that political instability in Haiti exacerbates humanitarian crises. To address them, it is necessary to implement strategies for democratic development and humanitarian assistance, ensuring long-term stability and prosperity.
Key words: Peacekeeping Operations, United Nations, Presidential Overthrow, Civil Security.
REVIEWS AND OVERVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.112.12.034
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Russian political scientist and political figure, Moscow, Russia
INFORMATION, HYBRID AND PROXY WARS: OVERVIEW OF THE LATEST RESEARCH
In the proposed review, the authors set out to consider the question of how the issue of information confrontation in hybrid wars is covered in scientific publications? It is known that questions of this order have been raised for a long time. But due to the changed circumstances and conditions of an objective and subjective nature that threaten the world with nuclear war, Russia's involvement in a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, not only the number of publications on this topic is growing, but also, most interestingly in theoretical and applied terms, there has been an evolution in approaches to the analysis of military conflicts and wars, as well as in the forms and content of such an element of them, which correlates with the term "information war". The results of the analysis and review of scientific articles submitted for publication in the publishing house «Nauka Segodnya» showed that, firstly, direct participants in the hostilities joined the research work on a given topic. Secondly, the joint research work of participants in military clashes with experts and analysts allows us to give the analysis of hybrid wars, information strategy and measures in this segment of the war the high place that is assigned to it in new circumstances and conditions. And to reduce, or even avoid, those mistakes that usually suffer from purely theoretical research; Thirdly, the authors of the review fully agree with one, the most important conclusion of the researchers, that the differences between the total hybrid war of the collective West against Russia and hybrid wars against other countries is the most complete and extensive use by the West as an instrument of indirect war with Russia of the whole state, and not its individual institutions.
Key words: information wars, proxy war, indirect war.
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 10 (110), 2024
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Prianichnikov N.O. The Origins of Ernest Gellner's Theory of Nationalism
Gudin A.E. Political Parties as Subjects of Electoral Processes: Main Approaches to Study
Mochalov E.V., Shegulova M.A. The Vixen Case: the Beginning of the Great Game of the Russian and British Empires
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Sukhova A.A. The Impact of Digitalization on the Political Socialization of Students
Stepanov K.V. Negative-Deviant and Positive-Deviant Political Elites as Epiphenomena of Development and Transformation of Modern Russian Society
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Karimov E.R. Transformation of Public Policy in the Age of Digitalization: Conceptual Analysis
Tuzovskiy A.S. To the Question of the Political Orientation of GR-Activities in the Corporate Space of Siberia: the Importance of Media Resources
Forov I.N. Government Policy in the Field of Information Technology Development During the Period of Sanctions
Valyukas N.N. Social Networks as a New Form of Communication in the Political Space
Zamyatin O.A. The Problem of Integration of EU Member States within the Single Energy Market at the Present Stage: the Case of Germany and Poland
Rastimeshina T.V., Dobryninа M.V. Motherhood and the Engineering Profession: on the Issue of the Need for State Support
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Slavova N.A., Novoselsky S.O., Aleeva S.S., Marukhlenko A.L., Generalov R.O. Organizational and Legal Aspects of the Policy of Digital Transformation of Public Administration
Gubanova I.G., Duplii E.V., Podosinnikov E.Yu., Golovin A.A., Molokoedov V.V. Assessment of the Implementation of the Regional Demographic Policy in the Conditions of Instability
Kazakov V.E. Impact of Global Economic Changes on Political Strategies and Development of Light Industry: International and Russian Experience
Ogurtsova N.S., Chernysheva L.A., Polozhentseva I.V., Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O. State Social and Economic Policy of Urban Environment Quality Management
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Smirnov A.V., Kulikov S.P. Formation and Political Evolution of Strategies of American-Mexican Relations in Historical Context (1860s – Early 21st Century)
Lukashina E.V., Belousova A.M. The Phenomenon of South Korean Mass Culture and the Role of Digital Media in its Development
Gavrov S.N., Grigorian A.Z., Mirimanov D.A. Forbes Information Policy in Local Media Spaces: Russia, USA, Kazakhstan
Tikhonov V.G. Political Influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Kurbanov N.I. Perception of the Russian Special Military Operation Against the Kiev Regime in the Japanese Media
Grigarevichius A.R. Chinese Factor in Forming of the Indo-Pacific Strategy
Antonov R.A. The Influence of the Geographical Factor on the US Political Elite
Aleeva S.S., Efremov M.A., Novoselsky S.O., Ponomarev E.E., Bystrov A.A. Organizational and Legal Aspects of Digital Transformation Policy in the Healthcare System: Foreign Experience
Popova S.Y., Belov S.I., Devochkina A.S. Formation of a Positive Image of Russia Among Children and Youth in Neighboring Countries: Technologies and Practices
Drogovoz A.I. EAEU in Modern Political Conditions
Zhavoronkova E.A. Turkey's Middle East Policy: the Difficult Search for the Balance Between Palestine and Israel
Zakalskiy G.V. The American Approach to the Study of Digital Sovereignty
Zverev E.V. Public Approval as an Indicator of the Success of the Social Contract in the EU Countries
Liu Kangxin, Li Sihan. Geopolitical Aspects and Strategic Prospects for the Development of Sino-Russian Trade and Economic Cooperation in the Context of Global Competition
Kishueva I.A. Digital Diplomacy as a Tool of U.S. Information Security Strategy
Klimova A.S. Counter-Terrorism Strategy «Contest» in the Context of the UK Counter-Terrorism Policy in the First Quarter of the 21st Century (Part I)
Melkonyants G.A. Terrorism as a Security Threat in the Context of Modern Globalization
Paramuzova O.G., Yakovlev D.A. Current Issues of International Sports Law in the Framework of the Sports Dispute Resolution Procedure
Saburova J.A. Evolving Paradigms in International Relations: from National Interest to Ecological Interdependence
Sergeev A.S. Right-Wing Populism in Spain: the Rise and Electoral Growth of the VOX Party
Suo L.F. The Influence of Historical Events and Narratives on Modern Russian-Polish Relations
Shishov G.O. Geopolitical Interests of Russia in the Eurasian Region
SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC
Medvedev N.P. Ethnopolitical Regionalistics – a New Scientific Direction
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.001
N.O. PRIANICHNIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law Philosophy Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Lomonosov Moscow State University”, Moscow, Russia
THE ORIGINS OF ERNEST GELLNER'S THEORY OF NATIONALISM
The article examines the possible influence of the concepts of de-ideologization and "disenchantment" of the world on Ernest Gellner's theory of nationalism. As a rule, Russian and foreign scientists, when studying Gellner's theory, pay attention only to his arguments, without examining the possible influence of other scientific and philosophical concepts on his theory. The relevance and scientific novelty of the research conducted in this article lies in the fact that it examines for the first time two cases of such a possible influence. The goal of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of Gellner's theory of nationalism and the two concepts mentioned above in order to identify specific parallels. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are performed in the article: a consistent analysis of Ernest Gellner's key work "Nations and Nationalism", the works of Hannah Arendt, Daniel Bell and Max Weber, their comparison, as well as the search and analysis of other scientific literature on the topic of research.
The main research methods used in the article are comparative analysis, content analysis and logical analysis of the above-mentioned works. The text of only one of Gellner's works, "Nations and Nationalism", is subject to research in the article. This is due to the fact that in his earlier work, "Thought and Change", his theory of nationalism is presented in its initial version, and in the work "Nations and Nationalism" it takes a more refined, classical form. It is the second work that the absolute majority of scientists researching his theory refer to. Therefore, using the first work in this case would be superfluous. The result of the research conducted in the article is the found parallels between the concepts of de-ideologization and "disenchantment" of the world and Gellner's theory of nationalism. It is concluded that these concepts could indeed have influenced Gellner's theory.
Key words: nationalism, ideology, Ernest Gellner, de-ideologization, "disenchantment" of the world, Max Weber, Hannah Arendt.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.002
A.E. GUDIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL PARTIES AS SUBJECTS OF ELECTORAL PROCESSES: MAIN APPROACHES TO STUDY
The article is dedicated to political parties as subjects of electoral processes, which are essential components of the political system. Various approaches to their study are analyzed, including from the perspective of their ideological, social, and institutional roles in society.
The author identifies the main approaches to studying the phenomenon of parties, emphasizing the differences in interpreting party functions and goals depending on ideological premises. A universal approach to studying the phenomenon of political parties is proposed. Within this approach, five of the most universal characteristics of a political party are highlighted: ideology, organization, the goal of gaining and maintaining power, voter mobilization, and integration into the political system. As the research shows, any attempt to formulate a universal definition of a party leads to the identification of these fundamental characteristics, which allow for the characterization of the essence of party organization, its internal mechanisms, and external functions.
The research confirms that political parties play a central role in the process of aggregating citizens' interests and legitimizing power through electoral mechanisms. The diversity of approaches to studying party structures indicates the need for further legal and institutional analysis of parties as key subjects of the political system.
Key words: political parties, electoral process, political system, power, party system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.003
E.V. MOCHALOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University», Saransk, Russia
М.А. SHEGULOVA Student, master's degree in the field of «Political Science» Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University», Saransk, Russia
THE VIXEN CASE: THE BEGINNING OF THE GREAT GAME OF THE RUSSIAN AND BRITISH EMPIRES
In the presented article, the authors conduct an in-depth analysis of the geopolitical event, better known in historiography as «the Mission of the Vixen». In the course of the study, the prerequisites for this event were identified and the key points of the confrontation between the British and Russian Empires at the initial stage of the Great Game were considered. Special attention in the study is paid to the personalities who played a decisive role in the incident. Specific examples show the methods that the Russian Empire used to counter the provocations of the British on the Black Sea. The authors come to the reasonable conclusion that, despite the threat of the British provocation escalating into a full-scale war, the Russian Empire was able to maintain the status quo in Russian-British relations on the Black Sea, as well as consolidate Circassia under its jurisdiction.
Key words: Mission of the Vixen, Great Game, trade, Russian-Turkish wars, K.N. Nesselrode, Black Sea Fleet, A.S. Menshikov, smuggling, D. Urquhart, Caucasus, schooner «Vixen», J. Bell.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.004
А.А. SUKHOVA Postgraduate, Lecturer at the Department R1 «Organization Management», Baltic State Technical University «VOENMEH» named after D.F. Ustinov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF STUDENTS
As a result of political socialization of young people, internal attitudes of the individual as a participant in the political process are formed, and the political system of the state develops. At the present stage of development, digitalization changes the process of political socialization of student youth, which determines the purpose of the study. The article defines the features of the influence of digital technologies on political socialization, namely, on civic-patriotic education and political participation of student youth. Conclusions were also made regarding the risks of such influence, namely, the lack of control over the influence of digital technologies outside the educational process and the differentiation of digital resources by regions and universities. The need for an empirical analysis of the political socialization of students, taking into account the influence of digital technologies, is substantiated.
Key words: political socialization, civic-patriotic education, political participation, digitalization, higher education, student youth.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.005
K.V. STEPANOV Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Criminology, Southern Federal University Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
NEGATIVE-DEVIANT AND POSITIVE-DEVIANT POLITICAL ELITES AS EPIPHENOMENA OF DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
The article problematizes the concept of "elite" in the context of the paradigm of "Machiavellianism" and "moral turn in politics", the concepts of negative and positive deviations. It is proved that, on the one hand, in the conditions of transformation of society, peculiar points of turbulence and bifurcation, the processes of deviation of the main socio-political subjects are activated, since the old norms undergo rapid changes, and new models of assessment and behavior have not yet received legislative expression, have not been comprehended and integrated into the public consciousness and personality structure. And, on the other hand, given the political context of the problem of deviations, we can say that deviations act as epiphenomenes of the process of exercising power by influential groups, primarily political elites, who have the exclusive right to set the boundaries of norm and pathology and label a specific manifestation as deviant.
In this regard, the problem of "who are the judges?" is being actualized, that is, the problem of the quality of political governing elites. If they themselves are subject to transformation and deviations, then a kind of vicious circle is created in which socio-political actors who are subject to deviations and the temptations of biased assessments in their own interests should make a verdict on the conformity of a socio-political phenomenon to a norm or pathology. Accordingly, without developed, effectively functioning mechanisms of control of the political elite by civil society, clear ideas in society about sufficient grounds for belonging to the elite at the level of public consciousness, mechanisms fixed at the legislative level and worked out in practice to counter abuse of power by existing political elites, as well as internal mechanisms of elite rotation, supporting its renewal and preventing The usurpation of power cannot be prevented by the deviation and degradation of the ruling elites.
Key words: elite, deviations, state-local civilization, cultural and civilizational matrix, traditional values, public values, elitogenesis.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.006
E.R. KARIMOV Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE AGE OF DIGITALIZATION: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
The article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the transformation of public policy in the era of digitalization. The author examines the key theoretical approaches to the study of the influence of digital technologies on political processes and institutions. As a result of the analysis, four main groups of concepts are distinguished: 1) political and philosophical theories that consider fundamental changes in the nature of power and communication; 2) studies of the social consequences and risks of digitalization of the public sphere through the prism of the theories of the "filter wall", "digital panopticon" and digital divide; 3) concepts of transformation of public administration and modification of interaction between government and society in the digital age; 4) theoretical approaches to the analysis of the development and functioning of digital political spaces. The author focuses on the ambivalent nature of the influence of digitalization on public policy, identifying both potential opportunities for expanding political participation and improving governance efficiency, and the risks of increased control, manipulative practices and deepening socio-political inequality. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems of transforming democratic institutions, the activities of digital platforms, ensuring information security and forming digital citizenship in the context of rapid digitalization of politics. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion about the need to consider the digital transformation of public policy as a multifaceted and complex process that requires the use of an interdisciplinary approach and the synthesis of various theoretical perspectives.
Key words: public policy, digitalization, network society, e-government, digital citizenship, political participation, democracy, digital divide, transformation of political institutions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.007
A.S. TUZOVSKIY Senior Lecturer of the Department of Management, Siberian Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk, Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF THE POLITICAL ORIENTATION OF GR-ACTIVITIES IN THE CORPORATE SPACE OF SIBERIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA RESOURCES
The article presents a new view of the processes of targeted interaction with the authorities for the domestic research landscape, consisting in adapting theories of resource dependence and organizational ecology to understanding the political content of GR-communications of corporate structures. Using the example of several regions of the Siberian Federal District, it is shown that the proactive presence of GR-participants in the focus of media attention can be dictated by reasons of both tactical and strategic nature. As a result of the analysis of cases of using media resources to influence government decisions, technological features associated with the vital prospects of interested organizations were identified. Considering the desire of corporations for efficiency and risk-free existence, the author proposes directions for the redistribution of resources significant for GR in favor of mass public interests.
Key words: GR, media, interest group, corporate policy, resource dependence, organizational ecology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.008
I.N. FOROV Postgraduate student, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia
GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT DURING THE PERIOD OF SANCTIONS
The sanctions on Russia has presented a significant challenge to the national information technology (IT) sector. The President and government have initiated measures aimed at fostering the development and support of this industry, with the goal of facilitating its adaptation to the current circumstances. This article examines the current situation in the Russian Federation with respect to IT, as well as the measures that have been taken in this area.
Key words: import substitution, sanctions, information code, parallel imports, technological sovereignty, digitalization, informatization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.009
N.N. VALYUKAS Lecturer at the Department of Political Science, Management and Regional Studies, MOAU "Voronezh Institute of Economics and Social Management", Voronezh, Russia
SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A NEW FORM OF COMMUNICATION IN THE POLITICAL SPACE
Social networks occupy an important place in the life of a modern person, covering all areas of activity, including politics. Currently, social networks play a large role in shaping public opinion, discussing political issues, and raising funds for election campaigns. Thus, it becomes relevant to study the question of the possibilities of social networks in the political space as a communication tool. Objectives. Determining the importance of social networks in the political space as a communication tool, analyzing the use of social networks by famous political figures in Russia, studying examples of the successful use of social networks in election campaigning. Methods. To study the role of social networks in the political space as a communication tool, methods of statistical analysis, as well as synthesis and generalization of information, were used. Results. The main capabilities of social networks in the political space are identified; the statistics of the leading political channels in social networks in Russia were studied; successful examples of the use of social networks in political communication are given; the advantages of using social networks are highlighted, as well as ways to minimize the risks of their use for negative purposes. Conclusions and Relevance. In politics, social networks are powerful tools for communicating with voters, forming public opinion, mobilizing citizens, as well as assessing citizens’ opinions on processes occurring in the political space. The influence of social networks on a person’s life, his opinion and interests is constantly increasing, thereby determining the relevance of their use as a means of communication in the political sphere.
Key words: social networks, political space, politicians, political communication, information space.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.010
O.A. ZAMYATIN Graduate student, Political Institutions, Processes, and Technologies program, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Department of Political Analysis and Socio-Psychological Processes, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF INTEGRATION OF EU MEMBER STATES WITHIN THE SINGLE ENERGY MARKET AT THE PRESENT STAGE: THE CASE OF GERMANY AND POLAND
The article discusses the relevance of strengthening integration within the single energy market of the European Union (EU) in modern conditions. The author analyzes the challenges facing the EU in energy policy, including geopolitical changes, the global trend towards decarbonization, and competition in global energy markets. Using the example of Germany and Poland, the article highlights systemic contradictions between EU member states in energy policy, including differences in approaches to the development of renewable energy sources and the use of nuclear energy. The article also examines cooperation between Germany and Poland within the EU to ensure energy stability and increase the construction of infrastructure for receiving liquefied natural gas. The article emphasizes the need to strengthen solidarity among EU member states in energy policy to ensure energy security and competitiveness of the European economy.
Key words: EU energy policy, European Union, solidarity principle, European integration, decision-making process, German energy policy, Polish energy policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.011
T.V. RASTIMESHINA Doctor of Political Sciences. Sciences, Head of the Department. Political Science and Applied Political Work, RSSU, Moscow, Russia
M.V. DOBRYNINА Candidate of Political Sciences, Vice-Rector for Educational Work and Youth Policy, NRU MIET, Moscow, Russia
MOTHERHOOD AND THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION: ON THE ISSUE OF THE NEED FOR STATE SUPPORT
The article focuses on the problems faced by modern mothers in connection with the challenges faced by the institution of motherhood on a global scale: the completion of the second demographic transition and the socio-cultural limitation of the "plan" of fertility by two children; the increase in sociocultural requirements and demands of society in relation to the quality of motherhood; the growth of women's aspirations for personal, including professional self-realization; increasing demands from social institutions in relation to the types, quality and effectiveness of women's economic activity. The purpose of the article is to find a solution to the most acute problem – the pressure of society, which places high demands on families and mothers raising children, causes an escalation of the internal conflict between a woman's desire for professional self-realization and the desire to be an ideal mother. Expert survey and focus group methods were used to deconstruct the problem. It is concluded that the most relevant solution to the conflict between a woman's needs and the demands of society is a fairly good motherhood.
Key words: motherhood, engineering profession, gender equality, gender gap, fertility, professional career.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.012
N.A. SLAVOVA Candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the department of legal disciplines Branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Humanitarian University», Domodedovo, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
S.S. ALEEVA Senior Lecturer Department of Civil Law and Public Law Disciplines, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia
A.L. MARUKHLENKO Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Information Security, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia
R.O. GENERALOV Master's student of the Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE POLICY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Introduction: the article considers individual organizational and legal aspects of digitalization of the public administration system using the example of the practice of e-government. For the population of the country, the introduction of digital technologies into the state mechanism helps to expand the capacity of the social space due to the most prompt provision of up-to-date information and the formation of social communications. These features lead to a decrease in the level of social tension in society and allow targeted provision of relevant social assistance to all categories of citizens. In the focus of the considered importance, the integration of e-government into the regional governance system is of particular importance, since it is at this level that the narratives developed in the federal space are communicated to the end user. In the future, the already debugged mechanism of e-government of the regions is replicated throughout the controlled territory in the form of e-municipalities. Thus, the use of innovative technologies in the e-government format in the public administration system contributes to the growth of quality, reliability, accessibility, security and efficiency of public services, which in turn expands the potential of entrepreneurial activity, reduces the level of social tension in the public environment, and forms sustainable communications along the line «government-business-population». The purpose of the work is to describe the basic organizational and legal aspects of the implementation of the digital transformation policy of the public administration system. Research results: the authors clarified certain issues of legal regulation of the use of digital solutions in the state administrative mechanism, and visualized the methodological model of the functioning of the e-government.
Key words: e-government, digital transformation, public administration, digitalization, administrative support.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.013
I.G. GUBANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Capital and Personnel Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia
E.V. DUPLII Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Capital and Personnel Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia
E.YU. PODOSINNIKOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor, associate professor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», Kursk, Russia
A.A. GOLOVIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia
V.V. MOLOKOEDOV Postgraduate student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Kursk State University», Kursk, Russia
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY
Introduction: the core importance of the demographic policy is that its main focus is on increasing the country's population. In recent years, the second vector of implementing the demographic policy has been the growth of the quality of national human capital. In this regard, government bodies are developing and implementing a wide range of measures aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the demographic policy. The fact of the relatively long demographic crisis that Russia experienced at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century gives additional significance to the activation of processes in the field of demographic policy. The main stop factor in this case was the global socio-economic difficulties that resulted from the change in the economic formation of the national economy. Awareness of the need to solve the demographic problem primarily to ensure national security of the state required the introduction of a wide range of tools aimed at stimulating the birth rate, reducing mortality by improving the quality of the health care system, reducing the outflow of human capital, subject to stabilization of the internal socio-economic system, restoring the capacity of the Russian educational system, expanding the potential of the social sphere. The purpose of the work is to assess the demographic policy of the region in the context of instability. Research results: the authors grouped strategic aspects of the importance of demographic policy for the evolutionary development of the state and ensuring national security, and summarized the results of the analysis of key demographic indicators of the Kursk region, revealing the retrospective results of regional management.
Key words: demographic policy, birth rate, mortality, migration, urbanization, natural increase, national security, human capital.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.015
V.E. KAZAKOV Director of Logistics at JSC "New Fashion", Moscow, Russia
IMPACT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC CHANGES ON POLITICAL STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT INDUSTRY: INTERNATIONAL AND RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
The study focuses on analyzing the interconnections between global economic changes and political strategies in the context of Russia’s light industry. In the face of international sanctions and logistic challenges, the import substitution policy becomes particularly relevant as a means of ensuring economic independence and sustainable development. The primary aim of the article is to examine political decisions aimed at adapting Russia’s light industry to the changing external environment, as well as to analyze international experiences and their application to Russian realities. The theoretical framework of the research is based on concepts from political economy, institutional theories, path dependency theory, and systems analysis, which collectively help to elucidate the mechanisms through which globalization influences national political processes. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of political strategies in emerging economies such as China, India, and Argentina. The findings demonstrate that successful import substitution requires active state intervention, strategic planning, and infrastructure development. The conclusions underscore the importance of state participation in economic processes and the need to balance economic integration with political independence for the effective implementation of import substitution strategies in Russia.
Key words: political strategies, global economic changes, sanctions, import substitution, light industry, systems analysis, institutional theories.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.016
N.S. OGURTSOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Management, Institute of Economics and Management, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, A.N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia
L.A. CHERNYSHEVA Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russia
I.V. POLOZHENTSEVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of «Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education» Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow, Russia
A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
STATE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Introduction: the quality of the urban environment is the most important object of the state's socio-economic policy, as it forms the living conditions of the population. Among the many different characteristics of the quality of the urban environment, the article considers the organizational and legal aspect of drinking water supply. The availability of clean drinking water is especially relevant in urbanized areas, which are characterized by high population density and increased demand for this resource. High-quality functioning of the urban water supply system requires compliance with a large number of technical standards and sanitary and epidemiological requirements, which in turn can be ensured through the timely modernization of water utility equipment. Renovation of urban water supply systems is the most important task of local governments in providing the population with clean drinking water. In addition, in the context of the above, the key importance is the construction of a comprehensive monitoring system for the quality of drinking water provided to citizens for consumption, which should identify deviations as quickly as possible and activate mechanisms to eliminate them. The purpose of the work is to consider the organizational aspects of managing the quality of the urban environment in the vector of providing clean drinking water to the population of the territory. Research results: the authors' team clarified the organizational and methodological aspects of providing the population of the territory with clean drinking water in the contour of urban management.
Key words: urban environment, quality of the urban environment, drinking water, municipal management, socio-economic policy.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.017
A.V. SMIRNOV Master, Department of General History, Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
S.P. KULIKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General History, Novosibirsk National Research State University (NSU), Novosibirsk, Russia
FORMATION AND POLITICAL EVOLUTION OF STRATEGIES OF AMERICAN-MEXICAN RELATIONS IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT (1860S – EARLY 21ST CENTURY)
This article attempts a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis of the political formation and further political and diplomatic evolution of U.S.-Mexican relations. As certain foreign policy factors contributing to the emergence of the process of relations between the two states, it is worth considering the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848, the First World War and the Second World War, as well as political events related to the events of the Cold War. The strategic basis for the development of relations between the two neighboring countries was the work of the Monroe Doctrine and the implementation of the concept of a "good neighbor" by the United States. The article also shows a significant decrease in political and economic cooperation between the United States and Mexico in the period after the end of the cold War and a particularly low level of interaction between the two countries during the work of the Republican administration of D. Trump.
Key words: foreign policy, international relations, the Cold War, the United States, Mexico, the "delicate balance", the Republican administration, U.S. President D. Trump.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.018
E.V. LUKASHINA Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A.M. BELOUSOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE PHENOMENON OF SOUTH KOREAN MASS CULTURE AND THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN ITS DEVELOPMENT
Since the 2000s, the Republic of Korea has been actively developing the export of its mass culture. To achieve success in this area, active work is being carried out with human capital, various creative industries are being stimulated. Together, these measures lead to the emergence of a unique consumer mass cultural product. The purpose of this article is to identify the place and degree of influence of digital media in the process of evolution of the mass culture of the Republic of Korea and the development of its specifics. A historical and multifactorial analysis of various components of South Korean popular culture is carried out. Information and digital tools used to promote preferences for mass culture products among target audiences are considered. During the writing of the article, it was established that South Korea maximizes the use of digital opportunities to promote objects of mass culture. The success of the approach is due to the synergy of business, government and creative figures in various fields.
Key words: mass culture, South Korean pop culture, media, digital space, media strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.019
S.N. GAVROV Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.Z. GRIGORIAN Master of the Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
D.A. MIRIMANOV Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Higher School (Faculty) of Television of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FORBES INFORMATION POLICY IN LOCAL MEDIA SPACES: RUSSIA, USA, KAZAKHSTAN
The article analyzes the editorial policy of Forbes magazine, one of the most authoritative and well-known economic printed publications in the world. Today, these are also Internet resources representing the magazine in the information space of the most important regions of the world from the point of view of Forbes editorial policy. We study the information policy of the publication in Russia, the USA, and Kazakhstan. This study allowed us to identify similarities and differences in the presentation of information depending on the cultural and civilizational characteristics of the regions of presence. Semantic accents and the style of messages are important, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the target audience, the presence of behavioral patterns, and a culturally and historically conditioned picture of the world. The stylistic and semantic range of the publication's information policy is quite wide, sometimes going beyond the editorial policy of the central publication in the USA. Information flexibility of the editorial policy allows us to ensure the interest and loyalty of target audiences, does not cause a situation of cognitive dissonance, which to varying degrees blocks the perception of information.
Key words: Forbes, Russia, USA, Kazakhstan, information policy, worldview, information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.020
V.G. TIKHONOV Lecturer-researcher Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
POLITICAL INFLUENCE OF THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION
The article provides an analysis of the political influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on political processes both in the region and in the international system. The political influence of the SCO is determined by the following factors, such as popularity, expansion, military potential and cooperation with other international organizations. The author points to the gradual growth of the SCO's popularity in the global information space, influence through institutional and territorial expansion, as well as the military potential of the SCO member states. The popularity of the SCO is growing in the global information space, which indicates an increase in its influence on the Eurasian region. The expansion of the organization occurs at the territorial, institutional and demographic levels. Within the framework of the factor of the SCO military potential, the political influence of the SCO is determined from the position of elements of power according to the neorealist paradigm. The activities of the SCO are not directed against other countries and international organizations. Cooperation with other international organizations also increases the influence of the SCO by concluding treaties and maintaining the image of the international organization. The influence of the SCO is spread through the participation of Russia and China in the UN Security Council, the development of the concept of the Eurasian space and the initiative "One Belt – One Road", as well as the organization of discussion platforms and forums.
Key words: international organization, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO, political influence, neorealism, balance of power, Eurasian region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.021
N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern, Center for Spatial Analysis of International Relations, Institute of International Studies (CPAMO IMI) MGIMO MFA of Russia MGIMO (U) MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
PERCEPTION OF THE RUSSIAN SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION AGAINST THE KIEV REGIME IN THE JAPANESE MEDIA
The article deals with the issues of Russia's special military operation coverage in the Japanese media conglomerates NHK, Yomiuri, Mainichi, Nikkei, as well as The Japan Times. The article analyzes the publications by these media to describe the actions of the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine in the period from January 2022 to April 2023. The study shows that the Japanese media took an anti-Russian position. However, due to the Japanese society`s fatigue from the Kyiv regime, the media also cast an alternative point of view about the need to understand the true reasons for Russia’s actions.
Key words: Japanese language, special military operation, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Kiev regime.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.022
A.R. GRIGAREVICHIUS PhD student, school of international relations, world politics department, Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
CHINESE FACTOR IN FORMING OF THE INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY
This article reflects the analysis of the influence’s extent of China’s development and strengthening with the world economy and politics on the development of the Indo-Pacific region strategy. With the gradual development of China's economy, its role in global processes has strengthened: becoming an increasingly attractive as an economic partner, China strengthened relations with many countries in the region, which, after some time, allowed it to become one of the key partners for many powers in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). However, this situation is extremely unfavorable for the United States, which also claims to be a leading country in the Asia-Pacific region. As an alternative to the Asia-Pacific region with China playing a leading role in it, the United States is creating a strategy for the Indo-Pacific region, with the goal of maintaining its influence in the region.
Key words: Asia-Pacific region, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, strategy, foreign policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.023
R.A. ANTONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL FACTOR ON THE US POLITICAL ELITE
The article focuses on the influence of the geographic factor on elites in the United States. The methodology involves descriptive, comparative-historical methods. The purpose of this article is to describe the influence of the geopolitical position of the northern and southern states on the policies of American elites. The Permanent contradiction among the ruling establishment of the United States due to geographic aspect is a key aspect. The article indicates territorial position of the states largely changes decision-making process in topics such as migration, abortion and carrying weapons. The practice of "swing states", which, due to the chosen course of migration policy, can lead to the dominance of the Democratic Party in the political arena of American politics.
Key words: USA, US elite, Geographic factor, US migration policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.024
S.S. ALEEVA Senior Lecturer Department of Civil Law and Public Law Disciplines, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia
M.А. EFREMOV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Information Security Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Researcher, Research Laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
E.E. PONOMAREV Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
A.A. BYSTROV Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION POLICY IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Introduction: the toolkit for using telecommunications and digital technologies to provide medical care is actively developing in foreign countries. The formation of a progressive track for the development of telemedicine in most foreign countries occurs in the presence of a capacious regulatory framework that meets the current conditions and features of the use of telecommunications and digital technologies to provide medical care. Analysis of foreign experience in the regulatory framework for the provision of medical care using telecommunications and digital technologies is extremely relevant from the point of view of finding directions for optimizing the domestic legal field in the considered vector of legislative regulation. The results of the diagnostics will allow us to formulate well-founded recommendations in the wake of improving the regulatory framework for the functioning of telemedicine in the Russian Federation. The study materials consider the features of the regulatory framework for the use of telecommunication technologies to provide medical care in the United States and China. The purpose of the work is to consider the features of the organizational and legal regulation of telemedicine in foreign countries. Research results: the authors identified the most significant organizational and legal aspects of regulating the digital transformation of the healthcare system in the United States and China, which can be used in domestic practice to improve the efficiency of telemedicine management.
Key words: telemedicine, medical services, digital transformation, interactive space, healthcare.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.014
S.Y. POPOVA Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Social Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
S.I. BELOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
А.S. DEVOCHKINA Postgraduate Student at the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF A POSITIVE IMAGE OF RUSSIA AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES: TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES
The article is devoted to the study of the formation of a positive image of Russia in the perception of children and youth of neighboring countries. The subject of the research is modern technologies of working with the younger generation of Russia's allied countries to strengthen the importance of our country in the global humanitarian space, strengthen the position of the Russian language in the world, contributing to the preservation abroad of historical truth and memory of Russia's role in world history and the history of the post-Soviet countries. The authors analyze their own experience of participating in the organization of international camps in neighboring countries, and present the results of a study on the use of «soft power» – the promotion of the Russian language and Russian culture.
Key words: «soft power», positive image of Russia, historical image, youth, Russian language, Russian culture, technologies of working with youth, axiological approach, cultural-historical approach.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.025
A.I. DROGOVOZ Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
EAEU IN MODERN POLITICAL CONDITIONS
The article examines the position and activities of the EAEU in modern political conditions. The EAEU is the leading organization in the post-Soviet space in the field of economic integration. The EAEU member countries have taken a number of targeted steps to organize a common market, including the free movement of capital and labor. However, in addition to economic factors, the activities of the EAEU are increasingly influenced by geopolitical aspects.
The purpose of the work is to identify the specifics of the EAEU's activities in modern political realities. Its main tasks are to consider the changing political conditions of the EAEU, the specifics of interaction in a situation of increasing international tension, the impact of economic sanctions on the activities of the EAEU, the forced adaptation of participating countries to new restrictions, the problems emerging in this regard, trends and development prospects. The relevance of the topic is determined by the rapidly changing conditions of cooperation between the EAEU countries and the increasing importance of political factors. The confrontation between Russia and Western countries is an important political aspect.
The policy of sanctions and counter-sanctions was activated during the creation of the EAEU, but in recent years its role has increased sharply. The conflict in Ukraine entailed an unprecedented expansion of restrictive measures against Russia and another member of the EAEU, Belarus, which led to the emergence of new challenges and opportunities, while introducing, at the same time, an element of uncertainty into the assessment of the prospects for the development of integration processes in the economic sphere within the EAEU, including issues expansion of the organization by admitting new members.
Key words: EAEU, economy, Russia, cooperation, conflict, sanctions, common market.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.026
E.A. ZHAVORONKOVA Applicant of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
TURKEY'S MIDDLE EAST POLICY: THE DIFFICULT SEARCH FOR THE BALANCE BETWEEN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL
The article examines the development of Turkey's Middle East policy as a search for the balance between Palestine and Israel. With the change of Turkey's foreign policy after the Justice and Development Party came to power, there is pro-Palestinian mood in the country's leadership. Turkey's relations with Palestine are complicated by internal Palestinian disagreements. In turn, in the 21st century, political relations between Turkey and Israel experienced both sharp falls and rapid rises, although the countries are the largest economic partners in the region. The aggravation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict requires certain solutions from Turkey, but the fear of being involved in a major conflict demands to act carefully.
Key words: Turkey, Israel, Palestine, Middle East, Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Hamas, Fahat.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.027
G.V. ZAKALSKIY Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Scientific supervisor: I.A. BRONNIKOV Candidate of political sciences, associate professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE AMERICAN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY
The article describes the concept of digital sovereignty, the history of the development of this concept, as well as the main trends in the study of this concept in American scientific discourse. According to the author, the concept of digital sovereignty is extremely multifaceted, affecting to one degree or another most of the natural, technical, social and humanitarian sciences.
Key words: digital sovereignty, technological sovereignty, cyber security, state sovereignty.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.028
E.V. ZVEREV Postgraduate Student, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of RAS; Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PUBLIC APPROVAL AS AN INDICATOR OF THE SUCCESS OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT IN THE EU COUNTRIES
The article examines the phenomenon of left-wing populism in the EU countries, the genesis of the emergence of populist parties, as well as their role in the political system. The analysis of populist parties is based on the concept developed by K. Mudde. Mudde, in whose works populism is considered as a special way of political struggle, which uses elements of confrontation between two antagonistic groups – “power” and “people”. On the basis of Mudde's works, the author has identified several key features of populism that allow to distinguish it from other political movements.
A separate place is occupied by the consideration of the existing left populist parties in the EU countries through the prism of Mudde's concept, as well as the assessment of their participation in political processes. The author forecasts possible prospects for the further development of populist movements, and also identifies challenges for the future of left populists within the institutional structure of the EU.
Key words: populism, European Union, elections, economic crisis, Euroscepticism, political polarization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.029
LIU KANGXIN PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China
LI SIHAN Bachelor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, China
GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS AND STRATEGIC PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SINO-RUSSIAN TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL COMPETITION
In the context of global competition and a changing world order, Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation is of particular importance. The article analyzes the geopolitical aspects and strategic prospects for the development of interaction between the two countries, using the IMRAD structure (introduction, methods, results, and discussion).
The introduction describes the main historical and political prerequisites for Sino-Russian cooperation, which have formed a solid foundation for bilateral relations. Modern challenges and opportunities faced by both countries in the context of intensified global competition are also considered.
The methods section outlines the research methodology, including economic and political analysis. Data from official statistics, results of expert community surveys, as well as secondary sources from scientific literature were used. The methodology also includes a comparative analysis of trade and economic indicators, as well as forecasting based on current trends.
The research results show that Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation is developing in several key areas: energy, infrastructure projects, high technology, and agriculture. In particular, there is a significant increase in the volume of energy trade and active participation of both countries in the construction of infrastructure facilities. Areas requiring additional efforts to improve cooperation efficiency, such as improving transport logistics and removing trade barriers, are also identified.
The discussion section examines the strategic prospects for the development of Sino-Russian cooperation. Possible development scenarios are analyzed, including deepening integration within the framework of Eurasian economic initiatives and potential risks associated with political and economic instability in the world. Recommendations are made to enhance the resilience of the partnership, including deepening scientific and technical cooperation and creating favorable conditions for investment.
In conclusion, the importance of further strengthening Sino-Russian relations to ensure stable growth of both economies in the context of global competition and uncertainty is emphasized.
Key words: geopolitics, strategy, China, Russia, trade and economic cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.030
I.A. KISHUEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia
DIGITAL DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL OF U.S. INFORMATION SECURITY STRATEGY
U.S. digital diplomacy plays a central role in contemporary international relations, reflecting Washington's strategic approach to leveraging digital technologies for the advancement of national interests and global standards. The evolution of technology and its integration into diplomatic processes necessitates a thorough examination of the theoretical foundations underlying this strategy, as well as an analysis of its practical implementation.
This article explores the role of U.S. digital diplomacy as a strategic tool for ensuring information security and promoting national interests through the lens of various theoretical approaches underpinning the American model of digital diplomacy, including liberalism, realism, and constructivism. Special attention is given to the concept of «technopoliticy», which emphasizes the significance of technology in the modern international context and its impact on the global distribution of power. The article also addresses the challenges and prospects faced by digital diplomacy amid the rapid development of new technologies.
Key words: digital diplomacy, information security, soft power, disinformation, U.S., global norms, artificial intelligence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.031
A.S. KLIMOVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of World Politics. Moscow, Russia
COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGY «CONTEST» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UK COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 21ST CENTURY PART I
The article considers the evolution of the UK main government document in the field of countering the terrorist threat – the counter-terrorism strategy «Contest» from 2003 to the present. The relevance of the research is determined by the significance of this strategy in ensuring the national security of Great Britain as one of the world's leading powers in the fight against terrorism. The purpose of the article is to critically assess the results of the directions included in the Contest strategy: the «4Ps», the «Prevent» counter-extremism program, the «Channel» interdepartmental search and support program for persons at risk of radicalization. In addition, the achievements and shortcomings of the strategy in the fight against the growing number of cyberattacks in recent years are highlighted.
Since the publication of the first version in 2003, the UK counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», which contains long-term systemic counter extremism measures, has undergone significant changes. Despite the achievements, «Contest» has shown a number of contradictory, insufficient results and needs to be updated, which is confirmed by British authorities. The «Prevent» program is invariably criticized publicly for securitizing society, stigmatizing British Muslims, restricting freedom of speech. The problem is compounded by a number of existing and new terrorist threats, fragmentation of the extremist groups, a significant acceleration in the preparation of terrorist attacks, lack of a systematic assessment of terrorist attack risks. In addition, the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit raise concerns. Accordingly, the analysis of the «Contest» strategy allows drawing conclusions regarding its effectiveness and outlining the short – and medium-term prospects for its development.
Key words: UK, national security, terrorism, counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», «4Ps», «Prevent» program, «Channel» program, extremism, cyberterrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.032
G.A. MELKONYANTS South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
TERRORISM AS A SECURITY THREAT IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN GLOBALIZATION
In this study, the author suggests that the current phase of global development is characterized by a critical increase in the terrorist threat due to the cultural and value asynchronization of the traditional and liberal sides of globalization, forming a contradictory unity. However, such unity is conditional, since humanity continues to remain heterogeneous with unequal conditions of existence and development potentials, which entails "compensation" for the situation on the part of oppressed States, groups and communities. This "compensation" lowers the permissible limits of the use of terror and violence to zero minimums. In the course of the research, the author also examines the issues of increasing the terrorist threat due to such factors of globalization as transnationalization, financial integration, the growth of identity conflicts, problems of statehood, technological progress, intensification of global conflict, the use of terrorism within big geopolitics, etc. In conclusion, the author concludes that the fight against the threat of terrorism requires the integration of efforts in such areas as international law, collective defense and intelligence, as well as humanitarian cooperation. However, unfortunately, such aspirations are not on the global political agenda today.
Key words: globalization, terrorism, terrorist threats, multiculturalism, value systems, technology, geopolitics, global security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.033
O.G. PARAMUZOVA Candidate of Law, Associate Professor Department of International and Humanitarian Law NWUI RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia
D.A. YAKOVLEV Student NWUI RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia
CURRENT ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL SPORTS LAW IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SPORTS DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURE
The article is devoted to some of the most pressing issues of the emerging field of international sports law, namely: certain theoretical and practical aspects of the procedure for resolving sports disputes in international relations.
Key words: international sports law, professional sports, sports dispute.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.034
J.А. SABUROVA PhD student, Department of “Social sciences” National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
EVOLVING PARADIGMS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: FROM NATIONAL INTEREST TO ECOLOGICAL INTERDEPENDENCE
This article examines the problem of defining and defending national interests in the context of global environmental challenges. The author analyses the main theoretical approaches to the concept of national interests, such as realism, liberalism and constructivism, and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. Particular attention is paid to the realist tradition, which is considered dominant in the study of international relations. The author criticizes the realist conception of national interests based on the principles of power, security and sovereignty and proposes an alternative approach called ecological realism. Environmental realism assumes that national interests should consider not only political, economic and military factors, but also environmental conditions and consequences of states' actions. The author argues that environmental realism can offer a more adequate and responsible strategy for the behavior of states in a world where environmental risks and threats are becoming a more serious and imminent. In conclusion, the author summarizes and concludes on the prospects for the development of environmental realism as a new approach to the theory and practice of international relations.
Key words: national interests, ecological realism, realism, liberalism, constructivism, international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.035
A.S. SERGEEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN SPAIN: THE RISE AND ELECTORAL GROWTH OF THE VOX PARTY
This article examines the emergence and growth of the right-wing populist party VOX (Voice) in Spain, looking at its ideology, attitudes towards democracy, and voter attraction. Founded in 2013, it entered the regional parliament of Andalusia in December 2018. By participating in negotiations to form a coalition government in this Spanish region, VOX demonstrated its potential as an influential political force. Under the leadership of Santiago Abascal, the party achieved significant success in local and national elections, winning broad electoral support. VOX used the trial of Catalan separatists to increase its popularity among the right-wing electorate, positioning itself as a defender of Spanish unity. Rallies such as the one in Vistalegre strengthened its position in the political arena. In the 2019 general elections, VOX received more than 3.6 million votes, becoming the third largest party in the Spanish Congress.
The article also compares VOX with other populist right-wing parties in Europe, such as the National Rally in France and the Brothers of Italy, and examines their strategies for interacting with traditional political forces depending on the national context.
Key words: populism, Spain, VOX, right-wing populism, radical parties.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.036
L.F. SUO Postgraduate student of Center for Russian Language Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, China
THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORICAL EVENTS AND NARRATIVES ON MODERN RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS
The history of relations between Russia and Poland has always been the focus of attention of scientists. The existing research is mainly devoted to major historical events between the two countries. The greatest attention is focused on the events and processes of the era of the three sections of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Katyn tragedy. The time of research, immersion in the geopolitical and socio-political atmosphere of a particular time, in our opinion, did not always contribute to an impartial description and analysis of the heated relations between the two countries.
Key words: Russia, Poland, Russian-Polish relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.037
G.O. SHISHOV Graduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS OF RUSSIA IN THE EURASIAN REGION
The article is devoted to the current issues of ensuring Russian geopolitical interests in the Eurasian region and primarily in the post-Soviet space. The purpose of the study is to trace the transformation of Russia's geopolitical interests in the Eurasian region. The objectives of the study are to identify the main threats and challenges for Russia that influence the vector of Russian geopolitics, characterize the current state of Russia's interaction with its closest neighbors and identify geopolitical priorities taking into account the influence of other centers of power. Research methods: logical analysis method, comparative analysis. As a result of the study, key threats to the implementation of Russia's geopolitical strategy in relation to the countries of the former Soviet Union, as well as the transformation of geopolitical goals and objectives taking into account the dynamics of the international situation, are identified.
Key words: Russia, China, Eurasia, geopolitical interests, international relations, centers of power, foreign policy.
SCIENTIFIC REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.110.10.038
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONALISTICS – A NEW SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION
The article attempts to analyze the state and direction of development of ethnopolitical scientific directions, including ethnopolitical regional studies. It characterizes various scientific concepts related to the influence of the ethnic factor on public policy, as well as the influence of national public policy on the rights and freedoms of national minorities. It emphasizes the importance of the ethnolinguistic policy of the state for ensuring socio-political stability in various countries and regions. It summarizes the practice of implementing national policy in Russia at various stages of state development.
Key words: state ethnopolicy, ethnolinguistic policy, rights and freedoms of national minorities, ethnopolitical regional studies, new scientific direction, ethnopolitical conflicts, ethnopolitical stability.
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 11 (111), 2024
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Bondarenko N.I. The Origins of the Philosophical-Political Personalism of N.A. Berdyaev
Petropolsky A.I. Theoretical Approaches to the Definition of the Concept of "Public Policy"
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Ascheulov O.E. «Operation Bagration» as a Key Element of the 10 Stalinist Strikes of 1944
Logvinov D.V. Nationalism and Separatism in the Grand Duchy of Finland: L. Mechelin (1839-1914)
Sitdikov A.M. The Combat Training of the Red Army in Russian Historiography
Novichkova I.A., Yangez D.I., Gavrilina Yu.I. Pages of the Nationalist Past in Estonia's Historical Policy
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Makarov A.V., Saletskov V.V. L.N. Gumilev's Passionate Theory of Ethnogenesis Through the Prism of the Interests of Power and the Principle of “Service”
Vanteevsky M.M. Contemporary Dystopia as a Dominant Trend of Political Representation in Russian Mass Culture
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Korneev D.A. Russia is a Welfare State
Dibrov E.A. Transformation Specificity of the Russophobia Phenomenon in the Information Space of Ukraine in the Conditions of Geopolitical Confrontation in Eastern Europe
Pogorelskiy D.M., Smirnov A.I. Ethnopolitical Security of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia in Modern Conditions
Kelekhsayeva I.Z. TV Debates as a Political Technology of the Electoral Process in the Republic of South Ossetia (on the Example of the Presidential Elections of 2022)
Samsonova N.N. The Impact of Cancellation Practices on the Rehabilitation Process of Victims of Political Repressions: Memory Asymmetry
Seravin A.I. On Modeling Political Campaigns in the Context of Digitalization
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Artemyev N.V., Novikov A.V., Goltseva O.S., Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O. Urban Environment Safety Based on the Development of Digital Services in Modern Socio-Economic Conditions
Starushko S.A. Latent Mechanisms for the Formation of State Strategies
Safina A.O. Problems and Prospects of Educational Systems Management in the Context of Demographic Changes
Abdurakhmanov S.S. The Dynamics of the Development of Competence of Local Councils in the Legal Norms of Uzbekistan
Evreeva O.A., Kuzmenko G.N. The Factor of Activity of Non-Profit Organizations in the Social Policy of Local Government (Legal Aspect)
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Maneev I.V., Bragin A.V., Kurbanov N.I., Baranov A.N. Denazification of East Germany in 1945-1949 as a Model for Working with Public Opinion in the Liberated Territories of Ukraine
Romashina E.A. Geopolitical Strategy of China in World Politics
Xue Xiaohan, Popov S.I. Role of Central Asia in Eurasian Integration
Oskin N.N., Shalamov A.V., Ulitsky V.A. The Experience of American Analytical Center in the Interests of the Military-Political Leadership the United States of America
Ruchkin N.D., Ivannikov N.S. The Achievements of the Left-Wing and Right-Wing Populists in Last German Elections
Belokoz E.R. The Importance of the Religious Factor in State Policy in Modern Theories of International Relations
Vinogradova K.A. The Influence of Third Countries on the Energy Cooperation Between Russia and Turkey
Goncharov S.V. Problems of Integration of the Turkish Expatriate Community Into German Society
Delov V.V. The Turkish World Factor in the Policy of the Turkish Republic
Gu Qianwei. Review of Current Research on China-CEE Cooperation in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative
Astapov E.A. Doctrinal Basis of Foreign Policy of the Great Britain in the European Region
Karkin A.S. The Political Impact of Major Sporting Events: an Analysis of Recent Examples
Liu Jia. The Current State of Information Technology in International Political Cooperation Between China and Russia
Klimova A.S. Counter-Terrorism Strategy «Contest» in the Context of the UK Counter-Terrorism Policy in the First Quarter of the 21st Century (Part II)
Lizin D.V. The Destructive Role of the USA in the Issue of the Treaty System of Ensuring Global Security
Oschepkov E.R. Comparative Analysis of Japan's National Security Strategies 2013 and 2022: Causes, Course, and Outcomes of the Evolution from Autonomy and Cooperation to Dependence and Remilitarization
Fomkin F.S. The Problem of the "Brain Drain" from Russian Science and the Policy of Overcoming it: a Comparison with the Experience of Israel and China
Kozhemyakov S.A. The Genesis of China's "Ecological Civilization": from "Environmental Protection" to a Universal and Global Strategy
REVIEWS
Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. The State of Post-Seculariity of Russian Society Cannot be Measured Only by Statistics (Review of the Article by A.L. Sin "Post-Secularity of Russian Society: Conceptual and Theoretical Understanding of the Causes of the Phenomenon")
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.001
N.I. BONDARENKO Postgraduated student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE ORIGINS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL-POLITICAL PERSONALISM OF N.A. BERDYAEV
In this article, the author demonstrates the origin of ideas through the analysis of connections as general philosophical constructs of N.A. Berdyaev, as well as specific philosophical-political ideas with their sources. During the analysis of Berdyaev's moral and eschatological philosophy, consideration of the philosophical-political component of his art is often lost. When analyzing the sources of the philosopher’s views, the author of the article sees the need to touch upon the philosophical-political component. Demonstration of the connection between Berdyaev’s ideas and their sources is necessary, on the one hand, in order to fully appreciate the origin and significance of the philosopher’s philosophical and political ideas, and on the other hand, to develop the study of Berdyaev’s views on a little-touched area. The author of the article does this through references to the authors by Berdyaev himself in his works, through consideration of works about Berdyaev and the origin of his philosophical ideas, through an analysis of the time and the environment in which the philosopher worked. By “origins of ideas” in this article we mean the ideas of the authors with whom N.A. Berdyaev agrees; the ideas of the authors, which Berdyaev critically analyzes and, in connection with this analysis, derives his own thought; the very life of the philosopher (historical events which influenced Berdyaev’s views), such as, for example, the idea of the need to establish strong and indestructible political power in Thomas Hobbes was influenced by the bloody events of the establishment of the dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell.
As a result of the research, the author of the article comes to the conclusion about: 1. the presence of an important role of the philosophical-political component in the philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev, which is expressed in the ideas of personalistic socialism and communitarianism; 2. the basis of the philosophical-political ideas of N.A. Berdyaev on marxism, populism, various socialist and anarchist movements and a worldview, that required the preservation of christian values.
Key words: origins of ideas, objectification, personal freedom, collectivism, personalistic socialism, communitarianism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.002
A.I. PETROPOLSKY Graduate student of study at the Russian State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF "PUBLIC POLICY"
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "Public policy". As part of the research, the article examines the theories of rational choice, group theory, and incrementalism. Purpose: to analyze theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "Public policy".
Tasks: to identify theoretical approaches existing all over the world to the definition of the concept of "public policy"; to identify specific features of rational choice theories, group theory, and incrementalism. Methods: abstraction, deduction, induction, research, description, generalization, synthesis, comparison, systematization. Results: the three most common theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "Public policy" are considered and generally disclosed.
Conclusions: In modern realities, the participation of non-state actors in policy formation is one of the significant features of modern governance. As problems increase, there is an increasing demand in society for decision-making processes that are more transparent and inclusive, as well as the role of actors beyond the traditional state apparatus, such as business, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), increases. At the same time, the study of the theoretical foundations of such participation has both scientific novelty and practical significance, and primarily for participants in the process of developing public policy. Before starting to study theoretical approaches to the participation of non-state actors in the process of developing public policy, it is necessary to study in as much detail as possible what is meant by public policy by representatives of different world scientific schools.
Key words: Public policy, public administration, rational choice theory, group theory, incrementalism.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.003
O.E. ASCHEULOV Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Moscow, Russia
«OPERATION BAGRATION» AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE 10 STALINIST STRIKES OF 1944
This article examines Operation «Bagration» – a large-scale offensive by Soviet troops against Army Group Center on the territory of Belarus in the summer of 1944. The reasons for conducting the operation, its strategic objectives, and preparation are analyzed. The course of military actions, the role of the partisan movement, and the results of the operation are described in detail – the defeat of the largest grouping of German troops, the liberation of the territories of the Belarusian and Lithuanian SSRs, and parts of Poland. The conclusion is drawn about the strategic significance of Operation «Bagration» for the course of the Great Patriotic War and the entire Second World War.
Key words: Second World War, Great Patriotic War, Operation «Bagration», offensive in Belarus, defeat of Army Group Center.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.004
D.V. LOGVINOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Social and Political Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
NATIONALISM AND SEPARATISM IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND: L. MECHELIN (1839-1914)
There is unprecedented geopolitical tension in the modern world, fraught with conflicts between States and military-political blocs. The civilizational confrontation between the collective West and Russia, supported by Russophobic propaganda, also gives a new round. Therefore, the study of Russophobia, its roots and content is becoming particularly relevant for domestic researchers. In this context, of great interest is the falsified nature of the research of the supporter of Finnish independence, Leopold (Leo) Heinrich Stanislav Mechelin (1839-1914), who served to realize Finland’s national ambitions and demonize the image of Russia. The work uses methods of historical-bibliographic and political-textual analysis to study the positions of Finnish nationalism and separatism in the life and work of Leo Mechelin. Particular attention is paid to Russophobic narratives and political ideas that were used to legitimize Finland’s desire for independence. The result of the study is the identification of signs of Russophobic discourse, which boils down to the systematic omission of important historical documents, deliberate distortions of historical reality and falsifications in order to form a certain public opinion, a new socio-political reality.
Key words: Finnish question, Leo Mechelin, independence, Finnish Russophobia, propaganda, law.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.005
A.M. SITDIKOV Master of Historical Sciences, postgraduate student of Department of Russian History, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE COMBAT TRAINING OF THE RED ARMY IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this study is an attempt to identify and show the evolution of views and approaches of domestic Soviet and modern historians to the analysis of the processes of combat training of the Red Army before the Great Patriotic War in 1930-1941.
The paper uses a problem-chronological method, which made it possible to conduct a specific historical study, identify patterns inherent in assessing the combat training of the Red Army for Russian historians at different historical stages, and consider the events that took place in a strict time sequence. The comparative historical method made it possible to trace and compare changes in approaches and assessments to the study of the problem at various stages of the period under review.
The Soviet stage of historiography development can be divided chronologically into two parts – studies published in the 1950s and 1960s and in the 1970s and 1980s. The majority of the authors of the works of the first stage did not set themselves the task of a full-fledged analysis of the processes of combat training of the Red Army in the 1930s. and, accordingly, practically no attention was paid to this problem in research. To a greater extent, the authors sought to assess the influence of party and state bodies on the process of building and improving the combat capability of the army in the pre-war period. At the second stage of the development of Soviet historiography, more works were already published on the system of higher military education and training of reserve officers, as well as personnel issues. At the same time, the issues of combat training continued to be studied in fragments.
Modern Russian historiography on the topic was actively developed in the 1990s. There has been a tendency in the works to assess the combat readiness of the Red Army in the pre-war period through the prism of the influence of repression, and in most studies this factor is considered as one of the main and had a negative impact on the state of the Red Army. Moreover, against the background of the introduction of a large number of archival sources into scientific circulation, the volume of work analyzing various aspects of combat training, as well as personnel issues, has significantly increased. At the same time, the vast majority of published research on the topic focuses on the second half of the 1930s and especially on the training of command personnel, practically without considering the condition of the rank and file.
The author concludes that a comprehensive study of the process of combat training of the Red Army personnel in the full pre-war decade has not yet been undertaken.
Key words: Combat training, Great Patriotic War, Red Army, Russian historiography, combat effectiveness.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.006
I.A. NOVICHKOVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Vice-Rector of State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism", Moscow, Russia
D.I. YANGEZ Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Associate Professor, Department of SE&GD, State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism", Moscow, Russia
YU.I. GAVRILINA Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics and Geodynamics, State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism", Moscow, Russia
PAGES OF THE NATIONALIST PAST IN ESTONIA'S HISTORICAL POLICY
The article examines examples of publications and documents on the participation of the Estonian population in the fighting of World War II on the side of the Third Reich. The objectivity of the conclusions is based on a comparison of a number of statements made in the context of the historical policy pursued in modern Estonia with archival documents. The author analyzes a number of statements made by falsifiers of the history of the Second World War and concludes that there is an increase in efforts to distort the historical memory of the population.
Key words: history of Estonia, Estonian nationalism, Omakaitse, collaborators, forest brothers, Finnish army, politics of memory, falsification of history, World War II, Great Patriotic War.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.007
A.V. MAKAROV Postgraduate student, Administrator of the educational program “Internal Policy and Leadership” at the Institute for State and Municipal Management of the RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Moscow, Russia
V.V. SALETSKOV Student of the educational program “Internal Policy and Leadership” at the Institute for State and Municipal Management of the RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Moscow, Russia
L.N. GUMILEV'S PASSIONATE THEORY OF ETHNOGENESIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE INTERESTS OF POWER AND THE PRINCIPLE OF “SERVICE”
This study aims to explore the issues of power motivation. The authors examine the correlation between the motives for power and the desire to "serve" through the lens of L.N. Gumilyov's passionate ethnogenesis theory. The article discusses the semantic and etymological analysis of these concepts. The study identifies categories based on interest groups in power and characterizes the interrelationships and distinguishing features of the studied concepts.
Key words: "learning through service," motives for power, passionarity, passionate motivation for power, self-assertion motive based on feeling one's utility, interest groups in power.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.008
M.M. VANTEEVSKY Junior Researcher, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, INION RAN, Moscow, Russia; Junior Researcher, Youth Research Laboratory, INTI, Donetsk, Russia
CONTEMPORARY DYSTOPIA AS A DOMINANT TREND OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION IN RUSSIAN MASS CULTURE
This article examines the dystopian trend in Russian popular culture using statistical data as an example. The purpose of this article is to analyze the constructive and predictive potential of works of fiction by Russian writers, as well as to consider further pragmatics: ideological features of the interpretation of modern dystopias and correlations with socio-political events. As a result of the study, the main platforms for broadcasting dystopian narratives in the book industry were identified, the popularity of both classics of the genre and modern dystopian writers was shown. This article also analyzes the convergent potential of literary dystopian works, which later become the basis for creating screen adaptations in the cinema, theater and gaming industries: by decoding the sign systems of a work of fiction, the audience forms its own "average version", which can claim the role of both individual and mass political ideology. Thus, within the framework of this study, the semantic and instrumental basis of the anti-utopian trend is considered, the main methods of transmitting ideas in the sphere of mass culture are highlighted, and the main actors involved in the process of forming ideological and value models of negative utopia are analyzed. In addition, in accordance with the results of the study, it can be assumed that modern anti-utopia is the center of the social process and can be considered both a political representation of modernity and an understanding of the possibilities of constructing different scenarios of the Future.
Key words: anti-utopia, heterotopia, dystopia, mass culture, political ideology, political representation.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.009
D.A. KORNEEV Postgraduate student at the Omsk Humanitarian Academy; List and Information Specialist in the Directorate for Participant Relations at the Roscongress Foundation, Omsk, Russia
RUSSIA IS A WELFARE STATE
This article examines the problems of modern social policy of the Russian Federation, its legal framework, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. The author sets himself the goal of establishing whether the Russian Federation at the present stage of its development is a social state. Based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author explores the concept of "welfare state", establishes its characteristic features in the context of Russian social policy. At the same time, relying on the statements of the Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building A. Klishas, the author establishes one of the most important functions of the welfare state. The article also provides statistical data from Rosstat and information from some social surveys that make it possible to match the actual indicators of Russia's social policy with the criteria of a welfare state. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the Russian Federation is de jure a social state, but in fact, an indefinite amount of time is still needed to reduce and subsequently eliminate all negative aspects. In addition, the author found that at the moment, clear positive trends are observed in the social policy of the Russian Federation, which are manifested in the constant increase in social payments, as well as in the presence of full legal protection of the social rights and opportunities of the population. In the course of the research, methods of statistical data analysis, comparison, as well as deduction and induction techniques were used.
Key words: welfare state, Russian Federation, Constitution, Federation Council, Federal Law, social benefits, allowances.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.010
E.А. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION SPECIFICITY OF THE RUSSOPHOBIA PHENOMENON IN THE INFORMATION SPACE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION IN EASTERN EUROPE
The Ukrainian crisis, which began in 2014, led to a series of political changes and significant transformations of the information space in the country and the world. The central theme of the formation of the information space of Ukraine was the idea of russophobia. The purpose of this article is to study the specifics of the transformation of the phenomenon of russophobia in Ukraine. The present study is based on a wide range of textual information sources. Its methodological basis was a project approach supplemented by a civilizational analysis.
As a result of the study, it was found that the coup d’etat in Ukraine (in Kiev) in 2014 formed a geopolitical rift in the South-East of Ukraine, which, under the influence of russophobia, continues to transform the multilevel space of the Ukrainian crisis.
Key words: Ukrainian crisis, russophobia, propaganda, military-political conflict, transformation of the information space, fortifications, sanitary zone, information and communication technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.011
D.M. POGORELSKIY Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A.I. SMIRNOV Master's Degree, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL SECURITY OF THE NORTHWESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF RUSSIA IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The article presents the results of a study of topical ethnopolitical threats and challenges to Russia’s national security in the Northwestern Federal District. Based on the identified criteria that determine the specifics of the state ethnic policy’s implementation, the authors examined the current situation in the Republic of Karelia, the Komi Republic and the Kaliningrad Region. Internal and external factors were identified as threats and challenges, including the state of the all-Russian civil identity, the level of effectiveness of state and non-state actors and the activities of secessionist and anti-Russian political projects' supporters. The study shows that their performance varied widely and depended on the effectiveness of the specific regional model. The authors argue that authorities at all levels need to regularly improve the tools for implementing ethno-policy and ensuring ethnopolitical security, regardless of the successes achieved by regions and the degree of negative foreign influence.
Key words: ethno-policy, ethnopolitical security, interethnic relations, national-state identity, destabilization, the Northwestern Federal District.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.012
I.Z. KELEKHSAYEVA Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia
TV DEBATES AS A POLITICAL TECHNOLOGY OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH OSSETIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 2022)
The article addresses the topic of the use of televised debates in the electoral technologies of the Republic of South Ossetia during the presidential elections of 2022.
Today, television is the main political means of influencing potential voters in the republic, reaching a large part of the audience throughout South Ossetia.
Traditionally, TV debates on the state-owned South Ossetian television and radio company "IR" are the most watched and popular programs that not only introduce the population to the candidates, but also allow them to make a final choice in favor of one or another candidate.
The article analyzes the televised debates of the last presidential elections in South Ossetia, which took place in 2022 and ended with the victory of the opposition candidate, the leader of the political party "Nykhas" Alan Gagloev. At the same time, it is emphasized, as in previous years, pre-election appearances on television had a decisive role in the political choice made by the electorate.
Key words: TV debates, South Ossetia, presidential elections, political technologies, electoral process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.013
N.N. SAMSONOVA Candidate of Political Science, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Transdisciplinary Research of Cognition, Language and Social Practices, Faculty of Philosophy, Tomsk State University; Assistant of the Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF CANCELLATION PRACTICES ON THE REHABILITATION PROCESS OF VICTIMS OF POLITICAL REPRESSIONS: MEMORY ASYMMETRY
The article examines the impact of cancelling practices the process of rehabilitation of victims of political repression initiated with the beginning of the dismantling of Soviet statehood. Cancel culture is considered to be a mechanism for influencing collective memory through the srtaegy of abolition. The politicized nature of cancelling of the memory of the Soviet past is noted. The author highlights such features of working with the memory of political repression as difficulties in articulating traumatic experiences, instrumentalization of trauma, selective memory, subjectivity. It is concluded that formal tools are not enough to eliminate the asymmetry of memory. Overcoming historical trauma as a gap between collective experience of a historical event and its consequences, on the one hand, and the constructed representation of this experience in public space, on the other hand, requires in-depth study not only of the "products of pronouncing trauma", but also analysis of the socio-political context in which these messages were created.
Key words: cancel culture, collective memory, historical trauma, historical identity, rehabilitation of victims of political repression, post-traumatic narrative.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.014
A.I. SERAVIN Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
ON MODELING POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
The article analyzes the tasks of modeling political campaigns, reveals the importance of digital technologies and digital platforms in organizing and conducting political campaigns. The article analyzes the possible risks and manipulations of using digital platforms and social networks. The article concludes that it is necessary to improve digital literacy and educate citizens about the political and psychological impact of networks and platforms on the political process.
Key words: political campaign, political participation, elections, electoral process, digital environment.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.015
N.V. ARTEMYEV Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of «Administrative Law» FGKOU VO «Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot», Professor of the Department of «Management» CHOU VO «Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte», professor of the Department of «Economics» ANO VO «Institute of International Relations economic relations», Moscow, Russia
A.V. NOVIKOV Ph.D., Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting, Analysis and Finance of the Volga State University of Water Transport (VGUVT), Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of Enterprises and Organizations of the Lobachevsky National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University (NNSU), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
O.S. GOLTSEVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Arts, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky»; Researcher, Research Laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
URBAN ENVIRONMENT SAFETY BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SERVICES IN MODERN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Introduction: Ensuring the safety of the urban environment is a strategic direction for the functioning of the municipal management system, as it allows creating the most comfortable living conditions for the population while minimizing social tension. In the current socio-economic situation, information technology is a key tool for increasing the level of urban environment safety. An additional driver of the digital transformation of the urban space was the pandemic caused by the covid-19 virus, which required the use of remote forms of social security, doing business and providing municipal services in the context of the most difficult sanitary and epidemiological situation. In recent years, the level of intensification of the domestic information technology market has grown significantly, which expands the possibilities and prospects for creating a Russian digital ecosystem. The presence of a sufficiently large list of stabilizing system-forming factors should serve as an argument for increasing the dynamics and scale of digitalization of the urban space. The purpose of the work is to study the problems of ensuring the safety of the urban environment based on the integration of multifunctional digital services. Research results: in the article, the authors substantiate the relevance of the expanded use of digital services to increase the safety of the living space of the population, including through the implementation of the «smart city» concept and the use of the communication capabilities of the SDGs.
Key words: urban environment, security, digital transformation, electronic municipality, «smart city», information technology, urban management.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.016
S.A. STARUSHKO Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Analysis of the Faculty of Public Administration of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
LATENT MECHANISMS FOR THE FORMATION OF STATE STRATEGIES
Before state strategies are formalized in various public documents that set the trajectory for social development, their substantive content undergoes careful preliminary coordination. During this process, public and latent players who are part of the ruling elite, through communicative interaction and following their own internal logic, can determine which goals will be public and which will remain hidden from public attention. The logic of the ruling elite inevitably structures the entire spectrum of socio-economic relations in any country in the world.
Focusing on the preliminary stage of coordinating the substantive content of state strategies, the author primarily concentrates on examining the main mechanisms of their formation. While public mechanisms for forming state strategies are relatively well-studied in modern science, hidden mechanisms require additional theoretical investigation. In this article, theoretical foundations of hidden mechanisms in the formation of state strategies are primarily outlined. To achieve this, the location of latent mechanisms was identified, and their characteristics and main sources of formation were described. As a result, criteria for assessing the formation of latent mechanisms in state strategies were developed.
Key words: government strategies, latent mechanisms, intra-elite coalitions, political networks, informal communications.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.017
A.O. SAFINA Master's student, state and municipal management/management of education systems, Institute of Social and Humanitarian Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MPGU", Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
The management of educational institutions, the quality of education, and the shortage of certified teachers are problems that have been worrying not only Russian citizens for years, who personally face shortcomings and gaps in the education system, but also the government of the Russian Federation represented by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Directly dependent on the quality of management of educational systems is their ability to adapt to the changing demographic situation and effectively respond to the challenges associated with a decrease in the number of young people and an increase in the proportion of the elderly population.
The study analyzes the management of Russia's educational systems in the context of demographic changes characterized by a decrease in the number of young people and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. According to Rosstat, from 2010 to 2023, the population aged 0 to 17 years decreased by 2%, and the proportion of people over working age increased by 5%, which creates new challenges for the educational system. The main attention is paid to the issues of changing the number of students, the shortage of young professionals and ensuring access to education in remote regions. For the study, methods of analyzing statistical data, including Rosstat data on demographic changes, as well as literature reviews on management problems in the context of the demographic crisis were used. Forecasts of the demographic situation in Russia and an analysis of the experience of other countries were also taken into account. Digitalization, expansion of distance education and optimization of resources are proposed as promising areas, which makes it possible to ensure more sustainable management of educational institutions and increase the accessibility and quality of education against the background of the demographic crisis.
Key words: education management, demographic changes, digitalization, accessibility of education, educational systems of Russia, demographic crisis.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.018
S.S. ABDURAKHMANOV PhD student in political science Department of “Political Science” National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCE OF LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE LEGAL NORMS OF UZBEKISTAN
In this article, the dynamics of the development of the competence of local councils in the legal norms of Uzbekistan in the period from 1992 to 2024 is analyzed and examined in detail in order to increase the number of powers within the framework of 10 laws and sectors.
Key words: local council, political institution, conceptual framework, legal document, local budget, local taxes and fees, local deputies, control, governor, court, local justice bodies, land relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.019
O.A. EVREEVA Сandidate of рhilosophy, assistant professor, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
G.N. KUZMENKO Doctor of рhilosophy, professor, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
THE FACTOR OF ACTIVITY OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SOCIAL POLICY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT (LEGAL ASPECT)
The quality of life of the population is directly related to the effective social policy of the local authorities. Such a policy requires close cooperation of local governments with public associations, primarily with socially oriented non-profit organizations. The assessment of the importance of social problems facing the population is adequately reflected in the clearly expressed priorities of the activities of domestic non-profit organizations. The presented research results showed that this is, first of all, comprehensive support for socially vulnerable segments of the population: orphans, the elderly, the disabled, single-parent families, various categories of low-income citizens, etc. Further, prevention and rehabilitation in the field of healthcare, as well as topical issues in the field of education. The rest of the range of social policy directions is mostly on the periphery of the attention of domestic non-profit organizations.
This fact changes the well-established idea that local non-profit organizations should play a supporting role, covering secondary areas and allowing local authorities to focus on solving key tasks of social policy.
Improving the legal framework, first of all, the Federal Law "On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated 06.10.2003 No. 131 and the Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations" dated 12.01.1996 No. 7, requires taking into account the corrective factor of the activities of non-profit organizations in the social policy of local government.
Key words: Social policy, authorities, local government, non-profit organization, legislation.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.020
I.V. MANEEV Colonel, PhD in Philosophy, Senior Lecturer at the of the National Guard Military-Political Work Department, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.V. BRAGIN Major, student at the Faculty of National Guard, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern at the Center for Spatial Analysis of International Studies of the Institute of International Studies, Master's student at the Faculty of International Relations, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
A.N. BARANOV Research intern at the Center for Eurasian Studies of the Institute of International Studies, master's student at the Faculty of International Relations, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
DENAZIFICATION OF EAST GERMANY IN 1945-1949 AS A MODEL FOR WORKING WITH PUBLIC OPINION IN THE LIBERATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE
The institutionalized nature of the nationalism of modern Ukrainian statehood poses an extremely responsible task for the Russian Federation to denazify public opinion in the liberated territories. However, analyzing the already existing domestic experience of denazification of the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany (East Germany) will significantly simplify this process in the current realities. Domestic studies pay little attention to public opinion; more research interest is in the so-called ‘soft power’, a concept developed in the United States. In the current study, the authors analyzed the activities of the propaganda department of the Soviet military administration of Germany to identify the most effective measures used in working with public opinion in the occupation zone. The main methodological basis was the studies of P. Sorokin, W. Lippmann and E. Bernays. Key aspects of the Russian Federation's activities in dealing with the population of new regions, in the context of new cognitive threats and methods of cognitive warfare were also considered. The authors of this study managed to identify the pain points and merits of the Russian Federation's current activities to minimize anti-Russian sentiments.
Key words: Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Nazism, Special Military Operation, Public Opinion.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.021
E.A. ROMASHINA Master's student at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Academic supervisor: K.I. Kozhukhova PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY OF CHINA IN WORLD POLITICS
The article examines the growing role of the People's Republic of China and the strengthening of its position in the status of a world power, caused, first of all, by the changing world geopolitics. The interest of the world community in cooperation with China, its strategic directions and initiatives, only emphasizes the importance of studying and identifying the main mechanisms of interaction with other participants in international relations, as well as analyzing the strategy aimed at the future.
Key words: China, Russia, USA, geopolitical strategy, UN, international organizations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.022
XUE XIAOHAN Graduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Моscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Моscow, Russia
ROLE OFCENTRAL ASIA IN EURASIAN INTEGRATION
Central Asia lies at the centre of the Russia-India-China strategic triangle. Throughout history, since the collapse of the Soviet Union to the present day, the Central Asian countries have been actively involved in the integration policy of the Eurasian continent. The authors divide the Eurasian integration process in the five Central Asian countries into three stages: the developing decade, the geopolitical prominence and today the fragmentation and integration of the integration process. The author points out the fact that the Central Asian policies of the major powers are adjusting in response to the changing global situation. There has been a proliferation of Eurasian integration policies centred on the Central Asian region, and the great power game has intensified. This has been accompanied by the establishment of a succession of international organisations centred on individual countries, which are intertwined and seek to play a role and expand their influence in various spheres. Today, the Central Asian States are making use of their advantages and actively engaging and cooperating with extraterritorial States and organisations using a diversified and balanced foreign policy, in the hope of reducing the external risks posed by the intensification of geopolitical confrontation and of charting a new course of development. While the Central Asian countries are receiving more attention, they are also facing the risk of more choices, and the main mechanisms of international cooperation in Eurasia are still fraught with uncertainty.
Key words: Central Asia, Eurasian integration, multilateral balanced diplomacy, Russia, China, and the United States.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.023
N.N. OSKIN Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Center (Expert and Analytical) of the Military Institute (National Defense Management) of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
A.V. SHALAMOV Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Regional Studies at the Higher School of International Relations and World Politics of the Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N.A. Dobrolyubov, Candidate of Political Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
V.A. ULITSKY Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Center (Expert and Analytical) of the Military Institute (National Defense Management) of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE EXPERIENCE OF AMERICAN ANALYTICAL CENTER IN THE INTERESTS OF THE MILITARY-POLITICAL LEADERSHIP THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The article considers the organization of analytical work on the assessment of the international and military-political situation in the interests of the president, administration, Congress, Senate and the US military department. The analysis of the activities of analytical units of the military department, the intelligence community, non-governmental "think tanks" is carried out, examples of the implementation of prepared analytical solutions are given. The article notes that analytical organizations are gradually becoming a key component of the state system – they not only develop methods of internal and external state policy, methods of countering symmetrical and asymmetric threats, policies to promote national interests at the international level, but also work on building models for the long-term development of the world community (in accordance with the vision of American elites). Predicting the future, analytical centers in a sense influence its formation, because by making forecasts and developing possible scenarios for the development of the military-political situation, they prepare the United States for possible developments, develop necessary actions and preventive mechanisms, inevitably changing the development and possible consequences of world processes.
The purpose of the article is to identify positive aspects in the work of American analytical centers for their use in domestic analytical structures.
Key words: analytical work, analytical centers, military-political situation, geopolitics, international situation, national security, intelligence community, strategic planning, «thought factories».
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.024
N.D. RUCHKIN Student, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Higher School of International Relations, Saint Petersburg, Russia
N.S. IVANNIKOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Associate Professor, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE LEFT-WING AND RIGHT-WING POPULISTS IN LAST GERMAN ELECTIONS
The rise of populism in Europe has been the subject for research of many scholars. But in 2023, Germany saw the emergence of a new political player, the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance, which took the position of the left-populism – as opposed to the right-populist Alternative for Germany. Both populist parties gained a large amount of support in the elections held in early September 2024. Thus, most of the parliamentary seats were divided between the two politically opposite parties. The aim of the study is to determine whether the increasing popularity of populist parties in the elections in Thuringia and Saxony is a pattern for the whole of Germany or a trend for the eastern states. For this purpose, the authors compare the positions of the parties with polls at the state and federal levels. The paper analyzes the options for government coalitions and the implications of these elections for the future of German parties and local parliaments. In research official election results, news articles, and data from German statistical agencies were used. The study concluded on the significance of populist parties in the current stage of German political life.
Key words: populism, political parties, Alternative for Germany, The Left, Sarah Wagenknecht Alliance, Germany, Saxony, Thuringia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.025
E.R. BELOKOZ Postgraduate student of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN STATE POLICY IN MODERN THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The article is devoted to the study of the main modern theories of international relations, such as political idealism, realism, modernism, transnationalism and neo-marxism, on the role of religion and the institution of the church in politics. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that in modern conditions in which the mutual influence of the institution of church and state is increasing. The church and religion are becoming politicized. Various church organizations influence the politics of states, which means they can not only provide a basis for the peaceful existence of people, but also bring a number of threats to the national and international security of countries. The importance of the church and religion is considered through modern concepts of the theory of international relations. The study analyzed the views of representatives of political idealism, realism, modernism, transnationalism and neo-marxism on the importance of the religious factor in the politics of countries. In addition, the issue of the independence of the church and religion from the state is being raised. It also emphasized that (in particular for political realism) the institution of the church is a powerful tool of state power, as well as a means to justify the existing world order. Besides that, religious principles can become a source for achieving peace and cooperation between States. Special attention paid to the study of Catholic Modernism, the concept of which was created to reform traditional church teachings so that religion and science could exist together. Also in this study, religion is analyzed through the concept of "soft power and substantiates how religious teachings influenced the development of capitalism. As a result, it concluded that religion is an important element of the development of human history, which forms moral norms and values, which contributes to social cohesion. Furthermore, religion is a form of soft power in politics, as it contributes to the formation of public opinion, which affects political processes. Religion can also justify social inequality and become a tool in the hands of politicians to control the masses. Raising the issue of the independence of the church and religion from the state, we can say that the concepts we have studied, almost all except political realism, support the idea that the church and the state should have a separate relationship in order to avoid violations of human rights and freedoms.
Key words: political realism, idealism, catholic modernism, encyclical, transnationalism, neo-marxism, globalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.026
K.A. VINOGRADOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Project Administrator of JSC Rosatom Energy Projects, Moscow, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THIRD COUNTRIES ON THE ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY
The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of third countries (the USA, the EU, Middle Eastern countries, including Iran, and China) on energy cooperation between Russia and Turkey, to identify problems and risks, and to develop ways to strengthen it. The research methods include analyzing the political and economic actions of third countries affecting Russian-Turkish cooperation, studying anti-Russian sanctions and their impact on energy projects, and using diplomatic tools to address emerging issues. The results show that third countries have a significant influence on relations between Russia and Turkey: pressure from Western countries has led to a reduction in energy supplies. At the same time, projects for the construction of nuclear power plants and the creation of a gas hub are strengthening the partnership. The conclusions highlight the importance of continuing joint efforts in the energy sector, despite external pressure, through the development of dialogue, the implementation of joint projects, and the expansion of economic cooperation.
Key words: energy cooperation, Russia, Turkey, energy security, oil and gas sector, nuclear energy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.027
S.V. GONCHAROV Student of the Faculty of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION OF THE TURKISH EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY INTO GERMAN SOCIETY
The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the problems of integration of the Turkish expatriate community into German society and the peculiarities of its formation. In addition, the purpose of this article is to analyze Germany's migration policy during the Cold War and at the present stage. The challenges that Germany has to face due to the mistakes of the past are considered. There are a number of bilateral agreements which stipulate measures to attract new labor forces to maintain stable population growth among young people in Germany. Moreover, the problem of obtaining higher and even secondary education for representatives of Turkish immigration in connection with the influence of the confessional factor is considered, and the problem of national identity of «German Turks» is analyzed. At the same time, examples of Turkish immigrants who have achieved advancement up the career ladder away from their country are given. Alexander E. Nadezhdin, First Secretary of the Personnel Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Candidate of Political Sciences, suggests one of the ways to solve the problem of integrating «German Turks» into German society. In his opinion, it is sports activities that could solve the problem and overcome social isolation. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that both the will and desire must be from state structures and the «German Turks». In addition, the German political leadership needs to learn the lessons of the past in order to prevent forever or at least avoid further division and contradictions in German society.
Key words: integration, «German Turks», Turkish expatriate community, German migration policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.028
V.V. DELOV PhD of political sciences, associate professor department of history and theory of politics, faculty of political science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE TURKISH WORLD FACTOR IN THE POLICY OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC
The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Republic of Turkey in promoting the topical issue of integration of post-Soviet «Turkic republics» into one cultural and political coalition, as well as the manifestation of the increasing influence of the «Turkic factor» in modern international relations of the Republic of Turkey in the South Caucasus. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, starting in the 90s of the 20th century, talks intensified about the creation of an international political organization that could unite independent Turkic states into a single space, and in the future, perhaps even a state. The Turkish authorities have made great efforts to replace the political and cultural influence of Russia in the southern belt of border Turkic states, thus influencing their cultural and political code for unification into one fraternal union, while outlining a central role for themselves in the integration process. In this regard, new relationships have been established, which have become formalized through conferences and round tables, delegation exchanges, summits of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking Countries, kurultais, Parliamentary Assemblies of Turkic Speaking Countries, summits of the Turkic Council, etc. [4]. In fact, we can talk about the institutionalization of cooperation between the Turkic republics. The article examines the integration processes of the Turkic countries, identifies the processes accompanying integration, defines the «Turkic Four» as a group of countries most interested in integration, and examines countries with an uncertain position on the union of Turkic states.
Key words: Turkic world, Organization of Turkic States, Central Asia, Turkic republics, Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Turkey, South Caucasus, Interparliamentary Assembly of Turkic Speaking States, Turkic Council, "Turkic Four".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.029
GU QIANWEI Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH ON CHINA-CEE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
This article is devoted to a review of modern research by Russian and foreign authors on cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. The purpose of the article is to analyze a number of publications by modern political scientists and analysts on cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set, which were successfully solved in the process of working on the article: briefly describe the features of the Belt and Road initiative, consider the main directions of relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road, analyze the problematic issues raised by researchers of relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. To draw conclusions about the most promising research issues in this area. The main research methods were the following: analysis of modern publications on the research topic, comparative analysis, retrospective analysis, as well as the method of generalizations. The result of the study was a range of issues of the greatest interest to analysts studying the relationship between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of the Belt and Road initiative. It was concluded that the most significant issues of cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of the Belt and Road initiative include the following: the format of relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; the main projects implemented within the framework of the Belt and Road initiative in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe with the participation of China.
Key words: initiative, Central and Eastern European countries, China, participation, analysis, cooperation, interaction, project.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.030
E.A. ASTAPOV Master's student at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Academic supervisor: K.B. Bozhik PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science, IIR and SPS, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
DOCTRINAL BASIS OF FOREIGN POLICY OF THE GREAT BRITAIN IN THE EUROPEAN REGION
The article analyzes the current state of the doctrinal Basis that defines the foundations of the United Kingdom's foreign policy in the European region. The purpose of the work is to identify the most significant foreign policy aspirations of London in this area, as well as the principles, threats and methods of achieving the country's foreign policy goals in Europe. The methodological basis of the Work is the content analysis method, which was used to analyze the doctrinal documents of the United Kingdom.
Key words: Great Britain, United Kingdom, foreign policy, Global Britain in a сompetitive age, Defence in a competitive age.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.031
A.S. KARKIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE POLITICAL IMPACT OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF RECENT EXAMPLES
The article examines the political impact of major international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games and World Championships, on the host countries. These events play a significant role not only in demonstrating sporting achievements, but also as powerful tools influencing the political landscape, image and social stability of the host countries.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of major sporting events on the political landscape of the host countries in recent years.
The research is based on comparative analysis and case-stage methods, which allows us to study specific examples of major sporting events. The analysis includes events such as the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, the 2021 Tokyo Summer Olympics and the 2022 Qatar World Cup, and the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
An analysis of examples of recent major sporting events shows that such events have a significant impact on the geopolitical landscape of the host countries. With their help, States can demonstrate their power, improve their international image, strengthen domestic patriotism and even solve diplomatic problems. However, such events can also reveal internal problems and lead to international criticism, which will also be discussed in this article.
The conclusions emphasize that the success of using major sporting events as a political tool depends on the ability of countries to balance foreign policy ambitions and domestic challenges, maintaining a positive international image and social stability.
Key words: politics, Olympic Games, World Cup, international image, soft power tool.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.032
LIU JIA Postgraduate student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kazan Federal University", Kazan, Russia
THE CURRENT STATE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA
In China's foreign relations, Russia occupies an indisputably important position and has a noticeable strategic implication. These strategic cooperative relationships play an important balancing role in shifting the center of gravity away from the most developed countries of the West and developing a multipolar world. The Russian Federation is not only the country with the largest territory and the strongest military and technological power in the world, but also the largest neighbor of the People's Republic of China. For China and Russia, this cooperation is of great importance for maintaining security and economic development. For more than ten years, thanks to the joint development of the governments and peoples of the two countries, the bilateral relations between China and Russia have reached their best period in history, characterized by unprecedented success in the development of both sides. During this period, an expanded paradigm of cooperation was developed, ensuring access to the trajectory of sustainable development.
The level of political understanding between the two countries is increasing, and efforts for practical cooperation are expanding. Moreover, friendly relations and mutual understanding between the populations of these States are steadily strengthening.
The development of Sino-Russian relations has brought tangible benefits to the two countries and their peoples and has become a model of relations between neighboring countries and major powers. Therefore, the preservation and development of a more stable and mature strategic partnership between China and Russia not only corresponds to the fundamental interests of the two peoples, but is also the basic norm that must be followed when solving new situations of problems that arise in the future.
Key words: international cooperation, politics, information technology, China, Russia, conflicts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.033
A.S. KLIMOVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of World Politics. Moscow, Russia
COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGY «CONTEST» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UK COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 21ST CENTURY PART II
The article considers the evolution of the UK main government document in the field of countering the terrorist threat – the counter-terrorism strategy «Contest» from 2003 to the present. The relevance of the research is determined by the significance of this strategy in ensuring the national security of Great Britain as one of the world's leading powers in the fight against terrorism. The purpose of the article is to critically assess the results of the directions included in the Contest strategy: the «4Ps», the «Prevent» counter-extremism program, the «Channel» interdepartmental search and support program for persons at risk of radicalization. In addition, the achievements and shortcomings of the strategy in the fight against the growing number of cyberattacks in recent years are highlighted.
Since the publication of the first version in 2003, the UK counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», which contains long-term systemic counter extremism measures, has undergone significant changes. Despite the achievements, «Contest» has shown a number of contradictory, insufficient results and needs to be updated, which is confirmed by British authorities. The «Prevent» program is invariably criticized publicly for securitizing society, stigmatizing British Muslims, restricting freedom of speech. The problem is compounded by a number of existing and new terrorist threats, fragmentation of the extremist groups, a significant acceleration in the preparation of terrorist attacks, lack of a systematic assessment of terrorist attack risks. In addition, the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit raise concerns. Accordingly, the analysis of the «Contest» strategy allows drawing conclusions regarding its effectiveness and outlining the short – and medium-term prospects for its development.
Key words: UK, national security, terrorism, counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», «4Ps», «Prevent» program, «Channel» program, extremism, cyberterrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.034
D.V. LIZIN MSLU Master's student in the direction of "Strategic design in politics" of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Academic supervisor: S.G. Kiselev Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Professor of the Department of International Security and Foreign Policy Activity of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE DESTRUCTIVE ROLE OF THE USA IN THE ISSUE OF THE TREATY SYSTEM OF ENSURING GLOBAL SECURITY
The article examines the role of the USA in the destruction of the international treaty-legal framework between the Russian Federation and the USA in the field of armaments since the beginning of the 21st century. The author examines the key Russian-American documents in the field of limitation, control and non-proliferation of weapons and military technologies. An analysis of the actions of the United States that undermine the state of global security and the results obtained as a result is conducted.
Key words: global security, United States of America, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.035
E.R. OSCHEPKOV Researcher in Asia Studies and International Relations, Faculty of World Economics and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JAPAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES 2013 AND 2022: CAUSES, COURSE, AND OUTCOMES OF THE EVOLUTION FROM AUTONOMY AND COOPERATION TO DEPENDENCE AND REMILITARIZATION
The National Security Strategy is the main document that allows assessing the consistent approach of the state to the implementation of military-strategic policy. The 2013 NSS was the first document of this format in the entire postwar period. On its pages Japan is presented as independent, relatively peace-loving and ready for dialogue with its neighbors. The fact of stability in negotiations with the Russian Federation and China is stated, and a greater degree of independence is also observed. Japan's updated national security strategy, adopted in December 2022, reflected other political realities: The Ukraine crisis and the Special Military Operation, the Sino-U.S. trade wars, the strengthening of the Sino-Russian partnership, and the general increase in tensions in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan took a more pronounced course toward demonizing Russia and China, and began to sharply increase its military capabilities. Both the 2013 NSS and the 2022 NSS are subjected to content and discourse analysis, and then comparatively analyzed to identify similarities and differences. Conclusions are drawn about a number of characteristics inherent in the Japanese state's security strategy from 2013 to 2022 that suggest Japan's new ambitions in the region as well as its role in the global confrontation between Western countries and non-Western countries, especially Russia and China.
Key words: Japan, Russia, China, USA, Strategy, Security, National Security Strategy, Russian-Japanese relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.036
F.S. FOMKIN Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF THE "BRAIN DRAIN" FROM RUSSIAN SCIENCE AND THE POLICY OF OVERCOMING IT: A COMPARISON WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF ISRAEL AND CHINA
The problem of “brain drain” is a long-standing disease of Russian science, significantly affecting its development and global competitiveness. After an unprecedented wave of sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022, this problem has once again worsened, leading to a new wave of emigration of scientists. This article analyzes the extent of the current brain drain and compares it to the substantial outflow of scientific personnel observed in the late 1980s and 1990s. The article also examines the extent of the brain drain in Israel and China and analyzes the strategies these countries have employed to reduce the outflow of highly skilled professionals. By comparing the approaches of Israel, China and Russia to combat the brain drain, this article provides insight into the effectiveness of the various measures and offers recommendations for addressing the brain drain problem in Russia.
Key words: science, brain drain, Russia, Israel, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.037
S.A. KOZHEMYAKOV Postgraduate student, Institute of Ecology, RUDN University, Department of Environmental Safety and Product Quality Management; Chairman of the Council of Young Scientists of the Institute of Ecology of the People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE GENESIS OF CHINA'S "ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION": FROM "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION" TO A UNIVERSAL AND GLOBAL STRATEGY
Global changes in the state of the biosphere, whether natural (cyclical) or anthropogenic (as a result of the multifactorial impact of man on the environment) have acquired an unprecedented scale. In theoretical terms, today we are talking about changes in the entire integral biosphere-social construct of the planet (and climate shifts are only the most visible part of this problem). However, today human civilization is still in the process of developing a single conceptual apparatus, as well as an effective mechanism for responding to these global challenges. The main goal of the article is to consider the dynamics of the evolution of the environmental discourse of modern China, which has identified itself in the last decade as an “ecological civilization” from the axiological and civilizational points of view. Philosophical, ideological and political economic paradigms were identified, which were laid in the basis of modern Chinese doctrines of the harmonious coexistence of man and nature (“Community of a common destiny for mankind”, “Unity of heaven and man”, etc.). These basic provisions are reflected both in the domestic policy documents and doctrines of the PRC, concerning strategic planning and regulation of the new environmental strategy of China, and in official foreign policy positions. In this regard, an attempt was also made to assess the practical role of the largest Chinese political and economic regional projects (One Belt, One Road, Green Belt of the Silk Road) in the formation of a new, unified environmental "coordinate system" in value and practical terms in the "Greater Eurasia" space (the Russian side has already attempted to find points of conjugation here).
Key words: China, Confucianism and ecology, ecological civilization, ecological culture and strategy, industrial modernization and ecology, CPC, SCO.
REVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.038
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
THE STATE OF POST-SECULARIITY OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY CANNOT BE MEASURED ONLY BY STATISTICS (Review of the article by A.L. Sin "Post-secularity of Russian society: conceptual and theoretical understanding of the causes of the phenomenon")
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 9 (109), 2024
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Komarova M.V. Interpretation of Ideological Identity as a Modern Approach in the Methodology of the Theory of Statehood
DOMESTIC HISTORY
Belanovskaya Y.E., Mironova A.V., Slizovsky D.E. Russian-Polish Relations: Scientific and Verbal Evidence for the Lack of Importance of their Improvement (Historical Perspective)
Bokova E.I. Analysis of the Dynamics of the CPRF Initiatives in the Educational Sphere from 2013 to 2024
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Denisov N.E. The Dynamics of All-Civic Identity Development in Contemporary Russia
Cai Yang. The Specifics of Problem Formation and Trends in Youth Political Participation in the Russia
Chemshit D.A. Prerequisites of Modernization Crises of Political Systems in the Process of Elite Recruitment
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Gaeva A.V. The Main Theoretical Approaches and Interpretations of the Concept of “Political Culture”: Discourse-Analysis
Stoliar V.D. Practical Aspect of Implementation of Electronic Voting in the Russian Federation
Abduragimov Z.E. "Soft" Political Technologies for Preventing and Countering Terrorism
Apanashchenko O.V. Problems of Gender Equality in Russian Politics
Baishev K.A. State Policy on the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values in Modern Russia
Volkov A.V. Mirri-Diana: the Image of Russian Tennis Players as Humanitarian Ambassadors of Russia in the Context of Geopolitical Tensions, on the Example of Mirra Andreeva and Diana Schneider: Political Analysis
Zhakovschikov A.V. Transformation of Regional Elites Under The Pressure Of Changing The Country's Course (Using The Example Of The Southern Federal District Of The Russian Federation)
Zazulina M.R. Features of the Formation of Territorial Public Self-Government in Urban Districts (on the Example of the Novosibirsk Region)
Ksenofontova S.B., Chernysheva L.A., Novoselsky S.O., Semkin A.D., Polyansky A.A. Implementation of Social Policy as a Factor in Stabilizing Social Processes
Mitrofanov A.A. Evolution of Information Operations in the Context of Modern Information Warfare
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Duplii E.V., Gubanova I.G., Rastorguev A.A., Novoselsky S.O., Evseev D.V. Development of Professional Competences in the Public Administration System
Drozhnikov R.A. Features of Legal Regulation of State Corporations in the Russian Federation
Kostina T.A. Main Problems of Modern Russian State Policy in the Sphere of Local Self-Government
Torik N.Yu. The Evolution of State Subsidies for Innovative Industrial Enterprises at the Beginning of the 21st Century
Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O., Ignatova M.N., Terentyeva A.E., Mikhaylov A.M. Migration Policy Management as a Factor of National Security
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Volovikov A.G. The Evolution of a Systematic Approach to the Analysis of International Relations
Popova Yu.V. The Slowdown in the "Renew Europe": the Reasons for the Electoral Fiasco of the French Project in the 2024 European Parliament Elections
Grebnev R.D. The African Union as an Element of a Decentralized Global Governance System: Prerequisites and Possible Scenario
Ashikhmin A.E. Technological Sovereignty in the Discourse of the Russian Federation and China
Dibrov E.A. The Problems of the Regional Security of the Union State in the Context of Geopolitical Instability in Eastern Europe
Liu Kangxin, Li Sihan. Geopolitical Significance of Northeast Asia in the Context of Russian-Chinese Cooperation
Kozlova D.A. E. Junger on the Role of East and West in the Formation of a New World Order
Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japan's New Course Towards a Cardinal Update of its Military Policy for the First Time Since the End of World War II (Part III)
Lykov S.A. Russia in the European Gas Market in the Middle of the 20th – Beginning of the 21st Century: Political Aspects
Okudzhava Kh.Z. Global Experience in the Use of Digital Technologies in Public Administration
Pang Lu. The Indo-Pakistan Conflict: a Political-Historical Overview and the Role of International Organisations in Resolving the Conflict
Popovskaya Yu.S. Interests, Goals and Strategy of China in the Indian Ocean Region
Ryzhenkov A.S. The Turkish Nationalist Action Party and its Attitude Towards Russia and the Turkic States of Eurasia
Semenov N.S. Infrastructure and Economic Corridors of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative as a Key Element of the PRC's Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Influence
Zhang Qian. The Nagorno-Karabakh Issue in the Context of Russia's Special Military Operation: Reality and Strategic Game
Shpakovsky S.A. International Organizations and Regulation of Migration Processes: Structure and Interaction
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS
Medvedev N.P. Territorial-Political Structure of Modern States
REVIEWS
Arzhanov I.A. Book Review: Gromyko, Al.A. (Ed.). (2023). Europe in Global Reassembly. Moscow: Ves Mir, Institute of Europe Publ., 508 P. (In Russian)
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.001
M.V. KOMAROVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management and Law, Autonomous non-profit educational organization of higher education "Kuban Institute of Vocational Education", Krasnodar, Russia
INTERPRETATION OF IDEOLOGICAL IDENTITY AS A MODERN APPROACH IN THE METHODOLOGY OF THE THEORY OF STATEHOOD
The article summarizes the main results of the research on the interpretation of ideological identity as a modern approach in the methodology of the theory of statehood. The analysis of modern Russian political science studies has shown that there is a need to rethink the socialist ideology with its idea of justice, class struggle (as the fight against the oligarchy). Historical memory today requires reconsidering and rethinking the ideas proposed by the leaders of the first Soviet state – Lenin V.I., Stalin I.V. Today, the ideas of socialism can become the missing link in political identity for Russians and Russian statehood. The author of the article concludes that for modern Russia, as a result of the loss of the authority of liberal values, Russian-Soviet traditions (conservatism and socialism) seem to be the most relevant in terms of understanding modern democracy and solving the problem of preserving state sovereignty.
Key words: ideological identity, political science, ideology, Russia, theory of statehood, political system.
DOMESTIC HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.002
Y.E. BELANOVSKAYA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
A.V. MIRONOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Russian History, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of Russian History, RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS: SCIENTIFIC AND VERBAL EVIDENCE FOR THE LACK OF IMPORTANCE OF THEIR IMPROVEMENT (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE)
The dominant theme in Polonistics (the Russian segment of historical science) and the Russian studies (the Polish segment) has remained unchanged for a long time. Historians and historians on both sides, while still being influenced by politics and politicians, recognize, to varying degrees, the futility and insignificance of trying to improve relations between the two countries and peoples in the distant future. While politicians may see the futility of bettering Russian-Polish relations, this is understandable due to their nature as professionals. However, there is still a lack of research and analysis on the idea that contradictions in this field are eternal and unsolvable, which we believe is an important aspect that needs to be explored. Based on the analysis of a range of historiographical works written in Russian and Polish, this article attempts to identify some of the underlying factors that lead to an overabundance of negativity in the relationship between the two countries. The results of the study indicate that, firstly, the minds and consciousness of scholars are excessively saturated with historical and political negative content. Secondly, when explaining the futility of improving relations between the two nations, great emphasis is placed on the use of judgments and opinions of Russian anti-state figures, Russian critics of imperialism, which are seen as the main source of conflict in both Russian and Polish perspectives. These perspectives are then used by Polish historians to justify their own negative views on Russian-Polish relations. Thirdly, the contradiction between the "Polish question" and the issues surrounding it in the relations between the two countries is extremely weak or under-researched in historiography. To address this contradiction productively, historians and historiographers will need to acknowledge these differences in their analyses. The questions surrounding the topic are general, while the problems are more specific. Only by recognizing these differences researchers can provide a more detailed understanding of the dangers and harm of perpetual conflict between two countries. This recognition could contribute to reducing the risks and threats in Russia-Poland relations, rather than exacerbating them.
Key words: Polish-Russian relations, historiography of Polish-Russian relations, issues of Polish-Russian cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.003
E.I. BOKOVA Applicant of the Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE CPRF INITIATIVES IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE FROM 2013 TO 2024
The initiatives of parliamentary parties are an important marker of their response to the most pressing problems facing Russian society. They reflect the political line of the party and the main approaches to solving social issues, and allow us to trace the dynamics of initiatives within a specific sphere of life of Russian society.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the CPRF initiatives in the educational sphere from 2013 to 2024. To achieve this, it was necessary to solve a number of problems, namely: 1) to identify the main initiatives of the CPRF party within the selected chronological period; 2) to determine the vectors of changes in the reformist course of the CPRF in relation to the educational sphere. The results of the study clearly demonstrate that within the specified chronological period of time, the educational initiatives of the CPRF have steadily expanded, while their main content remained static. It was reduced mainly to achieving free education, as well as improving its quality within the framework of the implementation of the large-scale state program Education for All. The leadership of the Communist Party also sought to increase the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage, which would lead to positive dynamics in payments to students and teachers. According to the leadership of the CPRF, the growth in the quality of education should have been ensured by its de-bureaucratization, the introduction of health-saving technologies, an increase in the social significance of the teacher's work and, as a result, a change in educational ideology.
Key words: education, science, political parties, CPRF, Russian Federation, initiatives, election programs.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.004
N.E. DENISOV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE DYNAMICS OF ALL-CIVIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA
This paper scrutinizes major peculiarities of identity policy in the Russian Federation. This research departs from the issue of incomplete substantive elaboration of civic identity component, as for policy practice and current research literature. The author applied the historical institutional approach to this issue and noticed a “path dependence” pattern, which can be seen in the existence of sustainable institutional structure in the area of identity policy, which is resistant to any major change.
The author describes identity policy as the area of government institutions activity, which constructs collective identity. The application of Frederick Barthes theory of “identity boundaries” opened the way for better understanding of the institutional structure, which fragments identities of the Russian society across ethnic boundaries. This structure was created by institutional choice which was made at the time of the foundation of the USSR and presumed a model of asymmetrical federal relations on the ethnic base.
The author emphasizes that the asymmetry of federal relations grants a variety of powers, which can be exerted by regional elites in the sphere of identity policy. Therefore, it leads to relative salience of ethnocultural component of identity, which surpasses the civic component. As a result, there is no opportunity for sustainable all-civic identity to emerge.
During the research the author noticed that there are regular pendulous fluctuations in the Russian identity policy. On the one hand, regional elite are granted with excessive tools and powers for identity construction. On the other hand, federal government then tries to reduce regional opportunities in that area. Along this this, the peculiarities of institutional design do not allow for sustainable development of the all-civic identity in contemporary Russia.
Key words: all-Russian civic identity, national identity, ethnic identity, path dependence, asymmetrical federalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.005
CAI YANG Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, China
THE SPECIFICS OF PROBLEM FORMATION AND TRENDS IN YOUTH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN THE RUSSIA
The article examines the problems and trends of youth political participation in modern Russia. The focus is on analyzing changes in youth political activity, including the decline in voter turnout, the increase in participation in protest movements, and the growing engagement in social networks. The author presents statistical data illustrating these trends and offers recommendations to enhance political activity among the younger generation. The article emphasizes the importance of developing new strategies aimed at involving youth in political life and strengthening trust in political institutions through the use of modern technologies and digital platforms.
Key words: political participation, youth, elections, protest movements, digital activism, political activity, social networks, political institutions.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.006
D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University Sevastopol, Russia
PREREQUISITES OF MODERNIZATION CRISES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF ELITE RECRUITMENT
The article is devoted to the third, final component from the field of functional measurement of crises of modernizing political systems – the recruitment of political elites. The essential role of the political elite in democratic modernization projects is emphasized. The channels of recruitment of the political elite are considered in detail. The main types of recruitment of the political elite – closed and open – are analyzed. The problem of developing and strengthening informal mechanisms and channels of elite formation is emphasized. The prerequisites of modernization crises are studied in two planes: in the process of elite formation and in the structure of the ruling political elite. The phenomenon of fragmentation of political elites in countries modernizing according to an exogenous model is considered. It is concluded that the disunity of political elites is one of the causes of modernization crises.
Key words: political system, political modernization, modernization crisis, dysfunction of the political system, elite formation, recruitment of political elites, exogenous modernization.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.007
A.V. GAEVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social and Economic Sciences, Branch of RSVPU in Nizhny Tagil, Nizhny Tagil, Russia
THE MAIN THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF “POLITICAL CULTURE”: DISCOURSE-ANALYSIS
The article presents a discourse analysis of the concept of political culture. The features of the scientific definition of this concept are defined in historical sequence. Conducting discourse analysis with students of higher education allows to expand scientific horizons and involve students in research activities.
Key words: political culture, discourse analysis, culture, politics, political life of society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.008
V.D. STOLIAR Phd student, IP RAS, Moscow, Russia
PRACTICAL ASPECT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC VOTING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The purpose of the article is to consider the practice of remote electronic voting in the Russian Federation from the moment modern technologies began to be introduced into the electoral process until 2024 from the point of view of the evolutionary development of this practice. The article will consider the connection between the current concept of remote electronic voting and the legal connotations of this concept in the past, based on the works of domestic political scientists and legal scholars, the advantages and limitations of this technology at present are highlighted.
In conclusion, conclusions are made about the role played by electronic voting at the current stage of development of the Russian legal and political system. Opportunities for further development of remote electronic voting technology in the Russian Federation will be identified, which will be used, including in the framework of the federal election campaigns of 2024-2026.
Key words: elections, electronic voting, Russian electoral system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.009
Z.E. ABDURAGIMOV Applicant of the Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
"SOFT" POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTING AND COUNTERING TERRORISM
The article is devoted to the current problem of countering international terrorism with the help of political technologies. The study reveals the content of the concepts “prevention of terrorism”, “extremism”, “radicalization”, soft power”; typologies of terrorism and its prevention are presented.
The characteristic features of new mechanisms of interaction between terrorist groups in cyberspace using promising technologies and social networking platforms are identified and described. Particular attention is paid to preventing radicalization on social media and the Internet in the digital age, examining the relevant methods and approaches that terrorists use to disseminate their propaganda and recruit online.
The existing international instruments and mechanisms for identifying and preventing the financing of terrorism are reviewed, and the roles of the authorities involved in combating this type of crime are described and analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the concept of “soft power” in the context of political technologies and methods.
This article is an attempt to address the issue of the role of diplomacy as an important and indispensable tool in the fight against terrorism.
Key words: political technologies, international terrorism, counteraction, “soft power”, radicalization, extremism, diplomacy, terrorist financing.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.010
O.V. APANASHCHENKO Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Administration, Luhansk State University named after V. Dahl, Lugansk, Russia
PROBLEMS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN RUSSIAN POLITICS
The study of gender equality in Russian politics is proceeding at a slow pace, the problem of women's participation in politics has not been studied enough, it is necessary to analyze and study Russian legislation in more detail, and the principle of introducing equal rights of men and women is also necessary.
Key words: political elite, gender, gender, political relations, women.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.011
K.A. BAISHEV Scientific Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia
STATE POLICY ON THE PRESERVATION AND STRENGTHENING OF TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN MODERN RUSSIA
In the context of modern political upheavals and the active influence of Western countries on Russian society, the most urgent issues remain the implementation of state policy on the preservation of traditional spiritual and moral values. The special military operation also highlighted the need to create a unified state system aimed at preserving and ensuring public values. These factors determine the relevance of the research topic, and also emphasize the need for further development of state policy in the field of traditional spiritual and moral values.
Key words: state policy, traditional values, patriotism, education, provision, protection.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.012
A.V. VOLKOV Graduate student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Experts from RIAC, Moscow, Russia
MIRRI-DIANA: THE IMAGE OF RUSSIAN TENNIS PLAYERS AS HUMANITARIAN AMBASSADORS OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS, ON THE EXAMPLE OF MIRRA ANDREEVA AND DIANA SCHNEIDER: POLITICAL ANALYSIS
Under the conditions of international sanctions imposed on Russian sport, new challenges have emerged for Russian athletes, including the restriction of their participation in international competitions. The article is devoted to the study of these challenges on the example of the tennis careers of rising Russian female athletes. The aim of the study is to identify opportunities to develop peacemaking and unifying functions for Russian athletes in the face of the total politicization of high-performance sport and to analyze how the situation intersects with the geopolitical tensions of the modern era. The article discusses the growing involvement of politics in sport, in particular how international sporting events are used as platforms for geopolitical struggles and manipulation of national images. The author argues that the politicization of sport undermines the core values of sportsmanship by violating the core sporting principles of fairness, equality and open competition.
The article analyzes the sports achievements of young Russian female tennis players who participated in the Olympic Games-2024 in Paris in a neutral status. The results of the study show that despite sanctions and the lack of official representation of the country, Russian athletes were able to achieve significant success in fair sports competition and gain support among Russian and foreign audiences. Findings emphasize that despite the sanctions, Russian athletes continue to make a meaningful contribution to the development of international sport, demonstrating high resilience and adaptability to challenging external conditions. It is argued that in the context of increasing politicization and geopolitical competition in sport, where traditional sporting principles are being replaced by political interests, Russian athletes stand out as a symbol of fair and open sport. Conclusions are drawn that Russian sports champions play a key role in positive changes in the international sports world, helping to mitigate the negative impact of the politicization of high-performance sport.
Key words: politicization of sport, tennis, Russian athletes, IOC, Mirra Andreeva, Diana Schneider, geopolitics, sports achievements, sanctions, international competitions, Olympics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.013
A.V. ZHAKOVSCHIKOV Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Volgograd, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF REGIONAL ELITES UNDER THE PRESSURE OF CHANGING THE COUNTRY'S COURSE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
The article analyzes the transformation of regional political elites in connection with the foreign policy events of the last two years. The beginning of a special military operation and sanctions pressure on the socio-economic system of the country have led to the fact that the existing regional elites are transforming and adapting to constantly dynamic and current conditions under the pressure of changing the country's course. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the regional elites of the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation are being transformed under the influence of a change in the country's course towards including more and more representatives of military structures in the circles of the regional political elite.
Key words: regional elite, political elite, transformation of elites, regional political process, elite selection, development of regional elites, Russian foreign policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.014
M.R. ZAZULINA Candidate of Science (Philosophy), Senior Research Officer of Institute of Philosophy and Law (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF TERRITORIAL PUBLIC SELF-GOVERNMENT IN URBAN DISTRICTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)
Territorial public self-government (TPSG) is one of those institutions of political participation that have become the subject of close attention from the state. The broad framework established by the legislator for this institution has led to the fact that the creation of TPSG has not acquired a uniform character. The integration into the TPSG covers absolutely different groups of the population in structure and size.
The article examines the features of the formation of territorial public self-government in urban districts of the Novosibirsk region. For this purpose, the dynamics of formation are studied, and an analysis of existing TPSG is carried out in terms of the territory of their formation and their population coverage.
It is concluded that in the Novosibirsk region, the number of TPSG created, their size and time of occurrence are related to the population of the urban district: a large number correlates with higher indicators for each of these parameters.
A distinctive feature of Novosibirsk is the greater number of TPSG, as well as their uniform representation in all districts of the city. TPSG here are especially large in size, they are formed on the basis of entire subdivision, include dozens of apartment buildings and hundreds of private houses and can cover up to several tens of thousands of people. Most of the TPSG in the city is created in areas with apartment buildings buildings, but mixed types of TPSG are also common, uniting residents of the private and multi-storey sectors.
In urban districts with a smaller population (Berdsk and Iskitim), small groups of people living in small areas self-organize in TPSG, so there is no mixing of private and multi-storey housing forms within one TPSG. In the private sector, residents of several small neighborhoods unite. They unite from two to several dozen houses. TPSG in multi-story areas are formed on the basis of one, or at least two or three multi-storey buildings.
Key words: territorial public self-government, self-organization, institute, urban district, municipality, Novosibirsk region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.015
S.B. KSENOFONTOVA Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Department of Finance and Business Analytics of the Russian State University named after A.N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow, Russia
L.A. CHERNYSHEVA Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Researcher, Research Laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
A.D. SEMKIN Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
A.A. POLYANSKY Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL POLICY AS A FACTOR IN STABILIZING SOCIAL PROCESSES
Introduction: the article is devoted to the consideration of key socio-economic indicators of the implementation of social policy in Russia in the current crisis conditions. The formulated goals and objectives of social policy reflect its importance for the stable functioning of the country as a whole and the protection of its national interests in the face of unfriendly influence. The identification of the resulting patterns of social policy was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the dynamics of nominal and real wages and pensions, changes in the poverty level, the index of the ratio of cash income to the subsistence minimum, changes in the total social expenditures of the state, as well as an assessment of the structural macroeconomic characteristics of social policy. The purpose of the work is to identify problematic aspects of the implementation of social policy of the country based on retrospective diagnostics of basic panel data. Research results: the authors identified the resulting trends in the implementation of social policy of the state in key socially significant areas, which can act as a relevant information base for finding reserves for improving public administration.
Key words: social policy, state, real income, poverty level, Russia, social protection, social guarantees.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.016
A.A. MITROFANOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION OPERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE
Information operations are used by states and other actors in the struggle for control over the information space. Such operations have existed for thousands of years and as time passed, only the instruments of their execution evolved.
In this article, the author traces the evolution of information operations from the ancient world to the present day and shows the relationship between information warfare, hybrid warfare, sharp power, soft power and color revolutions.
The purpose of this paper is to show that information warfare has existed since man learned to record and transmit data in writing and that information warfare became possible as tools evolved.
Key words: information operation, information warfare, psychological operation, cyber operation, sharp power, soft power, color revolution.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.017
E.V. DUPLII Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Capital and Personnel Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia
I.G. GUBANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Capital and Personnel Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State Social University», Moscow, Russia
А.А. RASTORGUEV Lecturer, Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Researcher, Research Laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
D.V. EVSEEV Master's student of the Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MGUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM
Introduction: the existing socio-economic space is in an active dynamic phase, which is characterized by constant transformations and organizational changes. Taking into account the above, the expression of professional competencies of civil servants should evolve towards compliance with objectively occurring changes. Moreover, to improve the quality of public administration, the change in competence should be proactive, which ensures advanced professional development of the personnel potential of municipal management. The solution to this problem is seen in building a systemic work aimed at diagnosing the current level of expression of professional competence and searching for directions that ensure its regular increase, relevant to the tasks at hand within the framework of managing the controlled socio-economic space. The external strategic manifestation of the effectiveness of this process can be an increase in the effectiveness of urban environment management, and the internal local results are steadily increasing criterion indicators of the expression of professional competence of civil servants. The purpose of the work is to clarify the theoretical and methodological features of the development of professional competencies in the public administration system. Research results: the authors identified key aspects of the importance of developing professional competencies of civil servants, presented their extended classification, and built a cause-and-effect model of the manifestation of competencies.
Key words: competencies, public administration, professional development, civil service, knowledge, skills.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.018
R.A. DROZHNIKOV Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The study is updated by the fact that the reform of the socio-economic sphere of Russian society, which took place at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, required transformations of the entire education system and the functioning of legal entities. Thus, the revival of this legal entity after decades of neglect by the state towards economic partnerships has led to the emergence of new organizational and legal forms of legal entities. Therefore, the state corporation is one of the real examples of organizational and legal forms.
The author emphasizes that the legislation that determines the legal status of state-owned companies can be changed and regulated not only at the federal level, but also through the adoption of internal local regulations. However, in this case, the intended purpose of the state corporation is not entirely justified. After all, its distinguishing feature is the function of public administration, which will be assigned to the internal organs of the organization.
Key words: legal regulation, state corporations, regulatory act, legislation, ownership, property, contract.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.019
T.A. KOSTINA Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of History and Philology, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
MAIN PROBLEMS OF MODERN RUSSIAN STATE POLICY IN THE SPHERE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems that state authorities of the Russian Federation face in the process of implementing state policy on the development of local self-government.
The purpose of the study is to identify and study the main problems of state policy in the field of local self-government development in the Russian Federation, their impact on its development and implementation. Systemic, institutional, comparative and historical scientific methods are used. It is concluded that the existing problems have different causes and degrees of influence on its implementation. Their timely resolution is one of the conditions for achieving high efficiency in the activities of state authorities on the development of local self-government.
Key words: local government, subjects of the Russian Federation, state policy, state authorities.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.020
N.Yu. TORIK Applicant, Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE EVOLUTION OF STATE SUBSIDIES FOR INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY
This article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of state subsidies for industrial enterprises implementing activities in the field of development and implementation of innovations at the beginning of the 21st century. The author characterizes the process of development of the policy of state subsidies for innovative industrial enterprises, from 2010 to the present, and identifies the main instruments and directions of state support for the highest priority sectors of Russian industry implementing activities in the field of innovation.
Key words: state, industry, industrial enterprises, innovation, innovative activity, subsidies, regulations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.021
A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Researcher, Research Laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
M.N. IGNATOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Public Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South-West State University», Kursk, Russia
A.E. TERENTYEVA Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
A.M. MIKHAYLOV Master's student, Department of Management and State Municipal Administration, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «MSUTU named after K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia
MIGRATION POLICY MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Introduction: the paper examines individual problematic aspects of the implemented migration policy and the probabilistic risks of their negative impact on Russia's national security. The results of migration policy have a global impact on the state of the country's socio-economic space and the quality of internal public communications. Mistakes in managing migration processes can have extremely destructive strategic consequences, the risks of which are greatly increased in the context of a hybrid war. Information expansion by unfriendly countries, as well as direct participation, are aimed at destabilizing the internal environment based on the opposition of the migration factor to the existing social foundations of the indigenous population. The first negative consequences of uncontrolled migration have already begun to clearly manifest themselves in the form of increased criminalization of the migration environment, which without changing the general state course will become the basis for a social explosion, and within individual regions can lead to open confrontations. In the medium term, there are clear risks of radicalization of the migration sphere for its use as a battering ram in relation to the legal field of the state and its main institutions. The purpose of the work is to identify the most significant problems of the country's migration policy based on the diagnosis of verified statistical material and generalization of the results of content analysis of representatives of the expert and scientific communities. Research results: the authors' collective generalized qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of migration policy, forming the information space for its prompt correction in order to minimize the identified risks.
Key words: migration, migration balance, migration policy, demography, voluntary migrants, national security, social risks.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.022
A.G. VOLOVIKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of National and Federal Relations of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE EVOLUTION OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The purpose of the article is a critical analysis of the possibilities of a systematic approach as a tool for analyzing and understanding international relations.
The article is devoted to the analysis of a systematic approach in international relations, combining various theoretical paradigms for a deep understanding of global processes. The paper examines the key paradigms: realism, liberalism, Marxism, constructivism and pluralism. The focus is on how each of these theories contributes to the understanding of international relations, emphasizing the importance of power, economic interdependence, cultural characteristics, and identity.
The study demonstrates that a systematic approach allows integrating ideas and approaches to create a comprehensive picture of international relations that reflects the interconnection and interdependence actors and processes.
Key words: systemic approach, international relations, theoretical paradigms, global politics, stratification in the system of international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.023
Yu.V. POPOVA Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Department of Russian History, Sociology and Political Science of Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia
THE SLOWDOWN IN THE "RENEW EUROPE": THE REASONS FOR THE ELECTORAL FIASCO OF THE FRENCH PROJECT IN THE 2024 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS
The results of the elections to the European Parliament determine the priorities of the European Union policy for the next five years. The results of the 2024 elections, although they indicate that the pro-European forces (the European People's Party and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats) retain their leading positions, also show a strengthening of the positions of Eurosceptics and right-wing populist forces (Patriots for Europe, European Conservatives and Reformists Group, Europe of Sovereign Nations), and a significant reduction in support for the liberals and the Greens. The leading faction of support and deepening of integration – "Renew Europe" – lost a significant part of its seats. The purpose of the article is to identify possible reasons for the reduction in electoral support for the parties forming "Renew Europe". To achieve this, the election program and priorities voiced by "Renew Europe" were analyzed and compared with the priorities, topics and expectations that EU citizens indicated in the framework of the Eurobarometer surveys (conducted in the run-up to the elections to the European Parliament). As a result, it was found that EU citizens remain loyal and supportive of the union, valuing it for its security, freedoms and democracy. But their attention is focused on the need to solve the most pressing problems: poverty, bureaucracy, social exclusion, improving the quality and availability of healthcare, employment and affordable housing for the young. Therefore, voters prefer solving the pressing problems of the current time to the large-scale plans of the pro-European faction to revive integration and deepen the union. It turns out that EU politicians and ordinary Europeans look at the European whole from different angles. And on this gap, populists get their votes, pushing Euroliberals out of the seats they previously occupied in the European Parliament.
Key words: "Renew Europe", pro-European faction, European Parliament, 2024 European Parliament elections, European integration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.024
R.D. GREBNEV PhD in Law, Deputy Dean for International Affairs at the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE AFRICAN UNION AS AN ELEMENT OF A DECENTRALIZED GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM: PREREQUISITES AND POSSIBLE SCENARIO
The initiative of the leading states and powers of the world majority and the Global South to form a fair multipolar world order determines the relevance of the study of the prospects of the African Union in the context of these transformations.
The formation of a multipolar world order presupposes the decentralization of global governance and the distribution of issues of joint and exclusive jurisdiction between international organizations and formats of global significance and regional systems for regulating international relations.
The use of civilizational, systemic and actor approaches in combination with the laws of global evolutionism and the methodology of global forecasting allows us to model scenarios for the possible integration of Africa, the process of which is complicated by the geopolitical aspect.
As a result of the study, a general conclusion was made that in case of the formation of a fair multipolar world order, the African Union will be given a place in the system of decentralized global governance as an international organization of regional significance, performing the functions of regulating international relations in Africa and participating in the development of global policy on behalf of the continent.
The prospects for political unity in Africa are complicated by the coexistence on the continent of two local civilizations, comparable to part of the Islamic world and traditional African societies that retain signs of tribal isolation. The positive prospects for African regionalism are linked to pragmatic economic integration, ahead of regional political processes, and the solution to the problem of ensuring regional security.
Key words: African Union, regionalization of political processes, globalization of political processes, multipolarity, global governance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.025
A.E. ASHIKHMIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Federal State Scientific Center of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Project Manager of KFR LLC, Moscow, Russia
TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA
This study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the concept of technological sovereignty in the political and economic discourse of Russia and China. The work covers the period from the early 2000s to the present, examining the evolution of the concept in official documents and speeches of leaders, as well as specific measures to strengthen technological autonomy in key industries. A comparison of the approaches of the Russian Federation and China is carried out, the impact of the concept on international relations and the global technological landscape is analyzed. The study is of interest to specialists in the field of political science, economics, international relations and technological development.
Key words: sovereignty, Russia. China, security, import substitution, digitalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.026
E.A. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEMS OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY OF THE UNION STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY IN EASTERN EUROPE
The article examines the problems of regional security of the Union State in the context of geopolitical instability in Eastern Europe. The destructive influence of Western-centric regional military-political, socio-economic organizations in Eastern Europe, which have a negative impact on the development of the Ukrainian crisis since 2014, has been revealed.
In the context of countering external influence in the region, the article proposes and analyzes the effectiveness of using a combined approach for the member states of the Union State, based on the fundamental principles of theories of international relations.
The role of regional alliances in forming a springboard for offensive actions in Eastern Europe is defined. Peacekeeping initiatives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus aimed at resolving the Ukrainian crisis are listed. Possible steps are outlined to strengthen the security of the member states of the Union State in the course of counteracting Western-centric regional organizations within the framework of forming a sustainable security architecture in Europe.
Key words: Regional organizations of Eastern Europe, radicalization, Ukrainian crisis, nuclear weapons, security architecture, the Union State, peacekeeping initiatives.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.027
LIU KANGXIN PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
LI SIHAN Bachelor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
GEOPOLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NORTHEAST ASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION
The article is devoted to the analysis of the geopolitical significance of Northeast Asia in the context of Russian-Chinese cooperation. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing role of this region in the system of international relations and the strategic nature of the partnership between Russia and China [23; 27]. The purpose of the study is to identify the key factors that determine the geopolitical status of Northeast Asia and to assess the potential of Russian-Chinese interaction in the region. The main methods used are system analysis, comparative historical approach, event analysis, case study and expert interviews. The empirical base consisted of documents and statistical data of international organizations, media materials, and survey results. It was revealed that the geopolitical significance of Northeast Asia is determined by such factors as geographical location, resource and economic potential, developed infrastructure, and military-strategic dimension. It is shown that despite the difference in interests and approaches, Russia and China are objectively interested in maintaining regional stability and jointly promoting integration processes. Promising areas of Russian-Chinese cooperation in Northeast Asia are identified, including joint infrastructure projects, investment cooperation, and coordination of efforts to counter traditional and new security challenges. The theoretical significance of the study lies in deepening understanding of the geopolitical dynamics in Northeast Asia. The practical significance is associated with the possibility of taking into account the results obtained when planning Russian foreign policy in the region and building a strategic partnership with China.
Key words: Northeast Asia, geopolitics, Russian-Chinese relations, regional cooperation, security, integration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.028
D.A. KOZLOVA Master’s Student, Philosophy Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
E. JUNGER ON THE ROLE OF EAST AND WEST IN THE FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER
The article is devoted to a separate aspect of the war and peace problem in the German history of social and political studies of XX century – the conception of civilizational conflict, created by E. Junger – the ideologist of the conservative revolution. The author of the study was tasked with reconstructing the E. Junger’s concept of the civilizational conflict. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to characterize the historical and biographical and reveal the theoretical and methodological foundations of E. Junger's conception of intercivilizational conflicts. In addition, it was necessary to formulate the thinker’s concepts of the East and West. And finally, to determine whether Junger's conception of intercivilizational conflicts can be attributed to geopolitical conceptions.
The research is based on such complementary principles and approaches of scientific knowledge as the principles of science and integrity. In the course of his work, the author turned to a wide range of historical, political and other scientific methods. Among them are political and textual analysis, historical and biographical analysis, comparative analysis, discourse analysis, induction and deduction.
As a result of the research, the author identified criteria for comparing Junger's concepts of East and West, defined the concepts of war and the connection of the "World Civil War" with the conception of the intercivilizational conflict, and reconstructed the conception itself. The author came to the conclusion that Junger's conception of the civilizational conflict cannot be called truly geopolitical, since the thinker did not focus on geographical and geopolitical factors, denying the connection of East and West with geopolitical spaces.
Key words: German history of social and political studies, XX century, the problem of war and peace, the conflict of civilizations, E. Junger.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.029
M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia
L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
JAPAN'S NEW COURSE TOWARDS A CARDINAL UPDATE OF ITS MILITARY POLICY FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE END OF WORLD WAR II PART III
In the article, the authors analyzed the logical consequences of the end of the era of Russia's cooperation with the West after the end of the first "cold war" at the beginning of the 21st century and the recognition of the fact that there will be no return to the situation before February 24, 2022, i.e. before the start of Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine – in its relations with the United States, NATO and Japan. The thirty-year era of generally constructive, although not without problems, cooperation between Russia and the West has finally ended. Japan, which capitulated after the end of World War II, today, at the beginning of the 21st century, has found itself completely subordinated to American strategic interests in building a new world order in the Far East, and therefore its ruling circles are now taking the most active part in actions to contain Russia's influence in the world, in general, and in the Far East, in particular, preventing its rapprochement with China and helping to strengthen blocs of countries unfriendly to Russia in the Far Eastern region in the interests of the United States and its allies in this part of the globe.
Key words: "Cold War 2.0", arms race in space, "containment" policy, "new defense budget of Japan".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.030
S.A. LYKOV Graduate student, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sector of the History of Political Philosophy, Department for Work in the Central and North-Western Federal Districts of the Department of Regional and Technological Work of the CEC of the United Russia Party, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA IN THE EUROPEAN GAS MARKET IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 20TH – BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY: POLITICAL ASPECTS
The article examines the role of Russia in the European gas market in the period from the middle of the XX century to the beginning of the XXI century, taking into account political aspects. The author emphasizes that natural gas is a key export commodity for Russia. The main thesis of the article is that energy security is becoming an important aspect of international relations, taking into account not only the guarantee of supplies, but also security in political, economic and infrastructural terms. Considering the history of relations between Russia and European countries in the gas sector, the author focuses on the importance of political decisions in the context of the Cold War and subsequent historical events. Thus, the main idea of the article is that the energy dialogue between Russia and Europe has a complex interaction that affects the political, economic and geopolitical stability in the region.
Key words: Energy diplomacy, energy resources, energy security, political aspects.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.031
KH.Z. OKUDZHAVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
GLOBAL EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
The digital transformation of public administration is a priority for the development of modern states. Digitalization makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of public services to citizens and businesses, as well as to increase the efficiency of the state apparatus.
The article analyzes the best practices of the introduction of digital technologies in public administration in various countries of the world, taking into account their geographical location, political system and possible historical prerequisites that influenced the successful development of e-governments. For comparison, Denmark is from the group of Scandinavian countries, South Korea is from Asia, the USA is from the American continent, the UAE is from the Arab world, etc.
The paper also identifies issues related to the digitalization of the public sector, including significant financial, personnel, technological and organizational challenges. The similarities and differences of the leading countries are revealed both in terms of the level of development of "electronic government" and "digital public administration", as well as in selected approaches and priorities in this area.
Key words: digital transformation, digital technologies, international experience, information systems, public administration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.032
PANG LU Graduate student of Department of Comparative Political Science of Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE INDO-PAKISTAN CONFLICT: A POLITICAL-HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS IN RESOLVING THE CONFLICT
India and Pakistan are an important n hub in South Asia, linking Central Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, and the ongoing conflict between the two countries has a negative impact on peace in the South Asian region. The article describes the history of the Indo-Pakistan conflict and examines the role of international organisations in resolving it. The author also examines the main causes of the Indo-Pak confrontation and establishes a causal link between the events of the 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999 conflicts and the current developments in Indo-Pak bilateral relations.
Key words: Indo-Pak conflict, India, Pakistan, conflict resolution, international organisations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.033
Yu.S. POPOVSKAYA Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INTERESTS, GOALS AND STRATEGY OF CHINA IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION
China has steadily strengthened its position in strategically important parts of the world, in particular, in the Indian Ocean region, where many important transport hubs are located. The article revels the geopolitical interests and goals of the China in the region, as well as its strategies.
The article shows that China's interests are officially reflected in the concept of "Community of Common Destiny", that is promoted as an alternative to the US-led world order. It is based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence, as well as the principles of multilateral relations, a fair and legitimate security system, the pursuit of open, innovative and inclusive universal development, the promotion of inter-civilizational exchanges and tolerance. Trade with African countries is another interest of China. Therefore, the main goals are to ensure the safety of trade routes and the looking for the alternative trade routes. To achieve the above goals, China is using the "One Belt, One Road" project.
The official speeches of politicians were studied to write the article. The author analyzed China's foreign policy in the Indian Ocean and in the region. The historical and sociological method was also used.
The work done by the author of the article allows to get clearer understanding of the situation in the region in order to build appropriate policy and develop relations with China and India, that if Russia's closest partners.
Key words: China, the Indian Ocean region, national interests, policy goals, strategy, One Belt, One Road" project.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.034
A.S. RYZHENKOV Expert at the Institute of Institute of Contemporary International Studies of the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chief specialist-expert of the Russian House in Turkey, Moscow, Russia
THE TURKISH NATIONALIST ACTION PARTY AND ITS ATTITUDE TOWARDS RUSSIA AND THE TURKIC STATES OF EURASIA
The article examines the far-right Turkish Nationalist Movement Party’s approaches to the foreign policy. Since 2018 it has been a part of the ruling alliance with The Justice and Development Party, headed by the country's President R.T. Erdogan. The Nationalist Movement Party is considered as main political actor in Turkey upholding pan-Turkic values in scientific and analytical literature. The Party’s attitude towards Turkic countries of the Eurasian space, Russia and Turkic peoples inhabiting our country are being researched on the basis of the Party documents and speeches of leading speakers over the last quarter of the century.
Key words: Turkey, Nationalist Movement Party, Pan-Turkism, Turkish parties, Turkish foreign policy, Russian-Turkish relations, Devlet Bahçeli.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.035
N.S. SEMENOV Postgraduate student, Department of Oriental Political Studies, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC CORRIDORS OF THE ‘ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ INITIATIVE AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRC'S GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC INFLUENCE
The article analyzes the infrastructural and economic corridors of the Chinese One Belt, One Road Initiative (BRI) as a strategic tool for promoting China's geopolitical and geo-economic influence. The initiative was launched in 2013 and covers many projects designed to improve transport links between China and other countries. The introduction highlights the historical importance of the interconnectedness of territories, as well as the strategic need to create alternative routes for the transportation of resources.
One of the key goals of the BRI is to strengthen China's energy security, which is achieved by creating economic corridors such as the New Eurasian Land Bridge and the China-Central Asia-Middle East corridor. These corridors make it possible to speed up the delivery of goods and reduce costs, contributing to the economic development of the regions they cover. The article analyzes specific corridors: the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, which strengthens ties between the three countries and promotes economic cooperation; and the China-Central Asia-Middle East Economic Corridor, which connects China with the Arabian Peninsula and has played a significant role in infrastructure development.
The initiative's projects are funded through a number of financial institutions, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. The success of the BRI depends on political stability and economic cooperation in the priority participating countries, as well as on China's ability to overcome geopolitical challenges and competition in the international arena.
An important part of the article is the attention to environmental and cultural strategies aimed at sustainable development. It is also noted the need to create free trade zones and simplify customs procedures, as well as the potential of cultural exchanges to improve interstate relations. The initiative is seen as an opportunity for China to expand its influence on the global stage through economic and cultural cooperation.
In conclusion, it is emphasized that the success of the BRI will depend not only on financial and infrastructure investments, but also on the ability of countries to adapt to changing conditions and find a balance between economic development and geopolitical interests. This is the only way to ensure long-term benefits from the project for both China and the participating countries.
Key words: geopolitics, geoeconomics, infrastructure and economic corridors, Belt and Road Initiative, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.036
ZHANG QIAN Postgraduate student at the Center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH ISSUE IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA'S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION: REALITY AND STRATEGIC GAME
Since the Russian special military operation, the geopolitical landscape of the world has changed dramatically. And a new reality has emerged in the Nagorno-Karabakh region: the coexistence of conflict and reconciliation, and the first glimmers of peace in Nagorno-Karabakh. Behind this new reality is a three-level game, the final outcome of which will ultimately determine the future of the Nagorno-Karabakh issue. On the whole, an opportunity for a peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh issue has emerged, but a great deal of uncertainty remains.
Key words: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Russian special military operation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.037
S.A. SHPAKOVSKY Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND REGULATION OF MIGRATION PROCESSES: STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION
The article analyzes organizations whose activities are aimed at regulating various aspects of migration at the international level. Due to current situation in the world community and the strengthening of globalization, relations between countries have reached a new level, and migration has become one of the factors that influences the social, economic, demographic and cultural aspects of life of each state. Migration flows are increasing, and the number of people wishing to leave their homeland due to a number of factors (economy, social problems, martial law, etc.) is growing. Therefore, an important responsibility of any government of the state is the ability to correctly build a migration policy so that it is possible to manage migration processes. To help states implementing migration policies, a number of international organizations have been created. The goals and objectives of this organizations vary. The author attempted to structure various international organizations and their activities.
Key words: migration, migration processes, international organizations, migration policy.
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REFLECTIONS ON CURRENT TOPICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.038
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, People's Deputy of Russia, Chairman of the Parliamentary Commission on National-State Structure and Interethnic Relations of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (1991-1993), Moscow, Russia
TERRITORIAL-POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF MODERN STATES
Based on the scientific and practical analysis of the author's public lectures and conversations in social networks on the problems of the development of modern models of federalism in the world, the article reveals the main sources of the process of stabilization of the political and legal foundations of the territorial-political structure of modern states. The characteristics of the development of ethno-federalism in the USSR are given. An attempt is made to identify and substantiate the role of modern federal relations in ensuring state stability of the Russian Federation.
Key words: Russian federalism, Soviet ethno-federalism, modern models of federalism in the world, federal relations, territorial-political structure, political and legal institutions, destabilization.
REVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.109.9.039
I.A. ARZHANOV PhD (Political Sciences) Graduate of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
BOOK REVIEW: GROMYKO, AL.A. (ED.). (2023). EUROPE IN GLOBAL REASSEMBLY. MOSCOW: VES MIR, INSTITUTE OF EUROPE PUBL., 508 P. (IN RUSSIAN)