OUR AUTHORS
ANANYEV N.A. – Graduate students Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
ANICHKINA V.V. – Student of the Finance Faculty, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
BELYAKOVA А.О. – Student, School of Governance and Politics, MGIMO-University Moscow, Russia.
BOZHKOV G.A. – Post-graduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia.
BURDA М.А. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of political science and political management, Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
BUZANOV N.A. – PhD student Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
EIVAZI HOSSEIN – Master's degree student at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Tehran, Iran.
GRISHIN О.Е. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.
GRISHIN V.O. – Student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, Moscow State Regional University, Moscow, Russia.
GUAZAA L.V. – Рost-graduate student of the Department of State and municipal service of Russian Academy of national economy and public administration under the President of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
HAYAT M.I. – Рostgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Moscow.
IVANOVA М.М. – Мaster's degree student at the Chair of political science and political management, Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
IVANOV P.V. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, School of Political Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) member of the SMP RAPN, Moscow, Russia.
KISLYAKOV Е.А. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, Moscow State Regional University Advisor to the Chairman of the Commission on state building and local government of the Moscow City Duma Moscow, Russia.
KONKO S.G. – Aspirant Siberian Institute of Management a branch of The Russian Presidential Academy of national economy and public administration, Novosibirsk, Russia.
KOMAROV N.А. – Рost-graduate student at the Chair of history of social movements and political parties, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
KOROLEVA-KONOPLYANAYA G.I. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor of the Department of Humanities and Natural Sciences Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
KULAKOVA N.N. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Department of Political Science Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
LEBEDEVA M.L. – PhD in politics, associate professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History «Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA K.A. Timiryazev», Moscow, Russia.
LI ZHONGBAO – Postgraduate Student, Institute of Foreign Languages, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
LUO LINGYAN – Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of IAAS MSU, Moscow, Russia.
MARTYNOVA M.Y. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Faculty of Humanities Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.
MANOILO A.V. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
MEDVEDEV N.P. – doctor of Political Science, Professor, Moscow, Russia.
MOHAMMADI MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN – post-graduate student at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Tehran, Iran.
NGUNDI NSURU SANTIAGO MBUELI – Undergraduate student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
NESHKOV S.V. – Рost-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
NISNEVICH YU.A. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Department of Politics and Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
ORLOV I.B. – Doctor of History, Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of Politics and Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, HSE, Moscow, Russia.
PARENKOV D.F. – Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Theory, MGIMO-University Moscow, Russia.
POPADYUK A.E. – Applicant for the Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
POPOV S.I. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
RAVOCHKIN N.N. – PhD in Philosophy Associate Professor of the Department of Humanitarian and Legal Disciplines Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy, Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, Russia, Kemerovo.
ROVCHAK P.Yu. – Postgraduate student of the International Security and Foreign Policy of Russia Department of the National Security Faculty of the Law and National Security Institute of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Moscow, Russia.
ROZENBERG V.I. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Policy Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
SHULENINA N.V. – Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Humanities of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
TELICHKO V.I. – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Major General, Deputy Chairman of the Central Board of the Russian Union of Afghan Veterans, member of the contact group in the Trilateral Minsk Negotiation Process on Donbass, Moscow, Russia.
TRAPEZNIKOV V.O. – Postgraduate, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
TCOI S.V. – Рostgraduate student, Astrakhan State University Astrakhan, Russia.
TURAEV K.S. – Employee Republican Center spirituality and enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.
ULUGOV А.Х. – Еmployee of the Republican Center of Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.
USHAKOV I.N. – Postgraduate student Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia.
VASETSOVA E.S. – PhD in Political sciences, an assistant professor of IAAS MSU, Moscow, Russia.
VORONINA N.A. – Candidate of Sciences (law), Senior researcher at the Sector of Human Rights, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
WANG PING – student at the Chair of international journalism of the Institute "Higher School of Journalism and Mass Communications" of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
YUHAN – Рostgraduate of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Lecturer of the Faculty of Russian Language Inner Mongolia Normal University of China China.
ZHIGULSKAYA D.V. – Cand. Sc. (History), Deputy Director of the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University Senior Researcher, Oriental History Department, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chair of the workshop organizing committee, Moscow, Russia.
ZHOLMANOV A.S. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 11, Issue 4 (68), 2021
CONTENTS
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
Tushkov A.A. Aggregate Qualities of Political Power of Russian Local Civilization
Kuzmin A.G. Features of the Imperial Project of Modernization in the Russian National-Patriotic Movement of Modern Russia: «Left Turn»?
Wang Jiaxu. The Chinese Dream as a Goal of Political Modernization
Perevalova E.A. The Development Vectors of the Political Action According to the Virtual Information Space Setting
Birinchi E. The Concept of “Foreign Policy Factor” and the Main Factors of Russian Middle East Policy
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Мagadiev M.F. State System of Youth Patriotic Upbringing in Modern Russia
Bekmurodova G. Problems of Forming the Political Competence of the Individual
Ustyuzhaninov I.D. Public Movements of the City of Kirov in 2012: the Сorrelation between the Federal Political Process and the Activity of Local Forces as Exemplified by the Activities of the «For Fair Elections» Movement
Muratov A.H. Methodology for Researching Anti-Terrorist Activities in the Context of the Transformation of Modern Society
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Sazhaev M.I., Oseledets A.G., Tushkov A.A. Formation of Military Personnel Technologies in the Interwar Period of Military Construction
Маrtynova M.Yu., Zholmanov A.S. Countering Corruption in Modern Russia: Features of State Policy Formation
Ravochkin N.N. Political and Legal Institutional Dynamics of New and Modern Time (Part 1)
Belov S.I. Prospects for Using Video Games with a Historical Plot as a Memory Policy Instrument of the Russian Federation
Kryukova E.V. The Role of the "Silent Majority" in the Development of Modern Democracies
Bespamiatnova M.N., Popov S.I. The Prospect of Local Self-Government Institutions Functions’ Harmonization in the Context of its’ Interaction with Public Organizations
Аlexandrov A.R. Constitutional Reforms – a New Stage in the Development of Local Self-Government in Russia
Denisenko P.V., Yesiev E.T. Internet Technologies as a Tool for Political Mobilization in the Era of Big Data
Melnikova Yu.D. Models and Experiences of Local Civic Initiative – Implementation in the United States
Do Thanh Tu. Social Network as a Space Implementation of Political Activities by Citizens of Vietnam: Results of Applied Political Analysis (2020)
Semibokov D.A. Ethnopolitical Conflicts as a Factor of Instability of the Political Systems of the Unrecognized Republics
Sardar Alaa. Public Policy as a Sphere of Activity of Interest Groups in the Modern State: Subjects and Mechanism of Interaction
Pleshakova D.I. Regional Parliamentarism in Modern Russia: Features of Formation and Development Problems
Neshkov S.V. Reasons for the Involvement of Youth in the Process of Destabilizing the Internal Political Situation in Russia
Ruzavina A.K. Internet and Social Networks as a Factor of Spreading Youth Extremism
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
Syzdykova Zh.S. China's One Belt, One Road Megaproject: Internal and External Challenges
Chu Ling, Han Haolei. Dynamics of China-Russia Energy Cooperation in the Context of Bilateral Relations Political Relation
Маgadiev M.F. Global Instability as a Factor of Political Instability Mobilization and Radicalization of Mass Consciousness
Zhetpysbaev S.K. Kazakhstan's Path to Independence is the Path to Democratization and Integration
Blinov V.V. Atlas of the Greater Mediterranean: Crimea at the Crossroads of Civilizations
Batsazov G.T. The Influence of the External Factor on the Domestic Political Processes in the Lebanese Republic
Аfonin A.D. EU Policy Towards Kazakhstan: Energy Aspect
Buzanov N.A., Vorovskaya D.V. Who Can Violate International Law? The Relationships between National and International Law. Monism and Dualism. Impact on Russian-Chinese Strategic Partnership
Chernyshev R.S., Rashkovan A.A. Legal Problems of International Relations in Cyberspace
Cherpakova A.I. France's Attitude Towards the EU Eastern Partnership
STUDENT SCIENCE
Mohammad Anwar Baktash, Kamwar Ahmad Javid, Mohmand Hashmatullah. Language Policy in Afghanistan
Komarov K.S. Modern Geopolitical Engineering of Israel in the Middle East
Sun Wenxian. Integrative Approach to the Formation of Economic Competence of Future Technology Teachers
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.001
A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
AGGREGATE QUALITIES OF POLITICAL POWER OF RUSSIAN LOCAL CIVILIZATION
The problem of researching the clash of civilizations in political science is becoming more and more urgent in connection with the current environment, in which the study of differences between societies is most acute and can lead to an understanding of how they function society and how to resolve the accumulated contradictions. The authors' proposed series of articles aims to analyse such methodological approaches as the study of civilizations as Western-oriented, Western-skeptic, cultural, biological or natural approach, as well as decadent. This article explores a basic structurally-designed approach as a Western-oriented.
Key words: «civilization», local civilization, social process, power, features of the political process, Western-oriented approach.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.002
А.G. KUZMIN Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of social work and psychology of Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Syktyvkar, Russia
FEATURES OF THE IMPERIAL PROJECT OF MODERNIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL-PATRIOTIC MOVEMENT OF MODERN RUSSIA: «LEFT TURN»?
The article is devoted, first of all, to an assessment of the latest general trends that can be traced in modern Russian nationalism, and first of all to the main modernization models put forward by representatives of modern Russian nationalism. The purpose of this work is to analyze the ideology of modern Russian nationalism in the context of the problem of modernizing Russian society at the beginning of the XXI century, in order to show the relevance of a number of ideas of Russian imperial nationalism.
The objectives of the study are to clarify various aspects of the practical and theoretical activities of representatives of Russian nationalism of different trends regarding their self-presentation of ways to modernize Russian society and the state. In addition, in turn, the analysis carried out has a close connection with the consideration of the real possibilities of implementing these ideas, the reaction to them by the Russian authorities and society and the determination of the degree of further development of relations in conditions when Russian nationalists of the imperial direction created the project empire, some elements of which became part of the modern Russian modernization complex on the basis of a balance between the ideas they proposed and the actions of the authorities. This synthesis of ideas has been especially effective since 2014, during and after the events of the reunification of Crimea and the Donbas armed conflict. The analysis carried out mainly uses historical and comparative research methods.
As a result of the work carried out, we can note that some of the provisions of the Russian nationalist imperial project today have managed to create popular political ideas and slogans, and Russian national patriotism in its imperial version has become one of the topical political ideologies influencing the nature of modern changes in the country. The involvement of representatives of Russian imperial nationalism in the official Russian parliamentary policy indicates a change in the attitude of the Russian authorities towards Russian nationalism as a political actor.
In Russian political science, the study of the development and classification of models of transformation and solving problems of the path of political modernization of the country by modern Russian nationalists has become important and can serve as the basis for further scientific and applied research.
In conclusion, the article analyzes the prospects for the country's modernization development in the changed conditions of the external and internal political situation.
Key words: political ideology, Russian nationalism, "Russian Spring", imperial nationalism, ethno-nationalism, empire, modernization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.003
WANG JIAXU Postgraduate, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow state pedagogical university, Senior lecturer at Heilongjiang University, China
THE CHINESE DREAM AS A GOAL OF POLITICAL MODERNIZATION
Political modernization is the reflection of modernization in politics and is a process from traditional politics to modern politics. The new idea of the Chinese dream, proposed by Xi Jinping, is the belief and goal to unite the party and the people in the stage of Chinese comprehensive reform. The Chinese dream expounds the goal of China’s political modernization, enriches the content of China’s political modernization, and makes clear the main body and core of leadership of China’s political modernization. The realization of the Chinese dream has great significance to the promotion of China’s political modernization.
Key words: Xi Jinping, the Chinese dream, political modernization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.004
Е.А. PEREVALOVA Senior lecturer at the Northwestern Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE DEVELOPMENT VECTORS OF THE POLITICAL ACTION ACCORDING TO THE VIRTUAL INFORMATION SPACE SETTING
In this article the author analyzes structure and quality changes of the political action occurred on different stages of society development. The article examines the implementation of information and communication technologies in the sphere of the political action. The functioning and the perception of political action in traditional societies largely differ from the development vector of this notion in the information society. The actual stage characterizes by the construction of virtual political space and the sthenic media politization.
Key words: political action, information technology, information society, traditional society, networking.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.005
E. BIRINCHI Postgraduate student at the Chair of comparative political science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF “FOREIGN POLICY FACTOR” AND THE MAIN FACTORS OF RUSSIAN MIDDLE EAST POLICY
This article discusses the concept of "foreign policy factor" and the main factors of Russia's foreign policy in the Middle East. For this purpose, the author, first, considers the use of the expression "foreign policy factor" in Russian and English-language studies. Secondly, the foreign policy factors are discussed from the point of view of different theories of international relations. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the main factors of Russia's foreign policy in the Middle East are suggested by the theories of realism and constructivism and are influenced by the system of international relations and Russian identity.
Key words: foreign policy factor, Russian foreign policy, constructivism, neorealism, the Middle East.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.006
М.F. МAGADIEV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of state administration in foreign policy activities, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
STATE SYSTEM OF YOUTH PATRIOTIC UPBRINGING IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article considers the basics of the state policy of patriotic upbringing of modern Russian youth and the possibilities of its development. It has been established that the patriotic upbringing of young people in Russia is the most important incentive for maintaining the historically established mentality of the people and formation of a value attitude to the feats and victories accomplished by the Russian people. Patriotism is an important quality of the Russian people and to convey it to everyone it is necessary to educate children in a patriotic environment and by ideologically positive parents. The article examines the main obstacles, the overcoming of which can have a significant impact on the level of patriotism of Russian youth.
Key words: state policy, youth policy, national and cultural values, patriotic education, Russian youth, “color revolutions,” national security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.007
G. BEKMURODOVA Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Associate Professor at Karshi State University, Karshi, Uzbekistan
PROBLEMS OF FORMING THE POLITICAL COMPETENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
The article discusses the modern problems of the formation of the socio-political competence of the individual, the place and role of the individual in the socio-political life of the society
Key words: society, personality, competence, formation, factors.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.008
I.D. USTYUZHANINOV Postgraduate student of History of political movements and political parties’ department Lomonosov MSU Faculty of History, Moscow, Russia
PUBLIC MOVEMENTS OF THE CITY OF KIROV IN 2012: THE СORRELATION BETWEEN THE FEDERAL POLITICAL PROCESS AND THE ACTIVITY OF LOCAL FORCES AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE ACTIVITIES OF THE «FOR FAIR ELECTIONS» MOVEMENT
The events of the winter of 2011-2012 generally intensified the political participation of Russians. Dissatisfaction with the results of the State Duma elections led to massive demonstrations that took place across the country until June 2012. However, the main centers of protest activity were the capitals: Moscow and St. Petersburg, while small regional cities did not create the main trend for participation in these actions. This article analyzes the relationship between the public activity of residents of the city of Kirov and federal trends in 2012. The main question of this article is to what extent the residents of Kirov were ready to support the all-Russian political sentiments and what was the attitude of the townspeople to the social activities of forces based not on local issues, but on the federal agenda.
Key words: political activity, civil society, political parties, political regional studies, political participation, political systems of regions, Kirov region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.009
A.H. MURATOV Ph.D. in the Department of Conflictology of the Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications of the Russian, Kazan, Russia
METHODOLOGY FOR RESEARCHING ANTI-TERRORIST ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN SOCIETY
The phenomenon of terrorism, as a subject of study, with an objective necessity requires the formation of a methodology for the study of anti-terrorist activities, the identification of its main methodological features and the formation of the most important principles based on a neo-institutional approach based on the importance of social institutions. The current phenomenon of terrorism increasingly tends to define it as a doctrine, way of thinking, policies, strategies and tactics of radical extremist groups aimed at forcibly eliminating or suppressing their opponents, which requires the formation of an adequate methodology of anti-terrorist activities. The essential characteristics of terrorism have been formulated, reflecting the diversity and diversity of its impact on the world community, which can form the basis for the development of an adequate integrated strategy of anti-terrorist activities with its specific principles, tools, methods and other composite methodological apparatus.
Key words: terrorism, political terrorism, methodology, signs and characteristics of terrorism, anti-terrorist activities, terrorism, typology of terrorism, stages of terrorist threat, neo-easeatation approach, methods, tools.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.010
M.I. SAZHAEV Graduate student professor in the Department of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
A.G. OSELEDETS Ph.D., Associate Professor, Military Science Center of Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. TUSHKOV Professor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
FORMATION OF MILITARY PERSONNEL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD OF MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
The article is devoted to the activities of state institutions and military administration in the field of military personnel policy in the Navy during the interwar period of military construction. The conclusions of scientists about the government's activities during this period to strengthen the personnel of the RCCA and RKKF are diametrically opposed. A number of scientists rate it as a highly effective work, and some scientists in their research emphasize the destruction of military personnel in the last quarter of the thirties. The source of the lack of training of their considerable understaffing, as well as other shortcomings, which were largely affected during the war period, is generally referred to as the repression of military personnel 1937-1938. The general drawback of both approaches is that they have moved away from impartiality and have become hostages to the goals and objectives of their research, which have been based on ideology. In this regard, the most important is a comprehensive analysis of the development of training and training in 1921-1941, as the key to understanding the outcome of the war.
Key words: USSR, RKKF, military-personnel policy, interwar period.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.011
М.Yu. МАRTYNOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor at the Faculty of Humanities, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
А.S. ZHOLMANOV Postgraduate student at the Chair of political science and political management of the Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
COUNTERING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA: FEATURES OF STATE POLICY FORMATION
The article discusses the features of the formation of anti-corruption policy in modern Russia. Even though the process of forming an anti-corruption policy is complex, in the anti-corruption system, the administrative and legal method that is characteristic of state power institutions prevails. The use of such an approach is not always able to neutralize the low level of legal culture in society, and in general, the passive role of civil society institutions in the anti-corruption agenda does not contribute to the effective implementation of public anti-corruption control mechanisms. The authors ' attention is also drawn to the norms of international law, which, in view of the relevant amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of their implementation.
Key words: corruption, anti-corruption policy, public administration, civil society institutions, international normative legal acts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.012
N.N. RAVOCHKIN PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Humanitarian and Legal Disciplines Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy; Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo, Russia
POLITICAL AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS OF NEW AND MODERN TIME (PART 1)
Political and legal institutions are the leading drivers on which states assign responsibility for social success and evolutionary trajectories of their development. The current situation in the world can easily be linked to uncertainty, nonlinearity and unpredictability. In this vein, it is natural to turn to the ideological foundations that founded the institutions of today, which are found in the modern era. In the first part of the article, which sets itself the task of studying and comparing the political and legal institutional dynamics of the New and Modern times, the author focuses on the analysis of the first declared period, where the example of Europe highlights the rootedness of modern political and legal institutions in liberal ideas. The role of bourgeois revolutions, which affected the remodeling of the modern institutional order, is considered separately. It has been substantiated why ideas as intellectual constructs find their institutional embodiment in the epoch of modern times.
Key words: political and legal institutions, institutional dynamics, Modern, ideas, power, society, revolution.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.013
S.I. BELOV PhD, Associate Professor of Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTS FOR USING VIDEO GAMES WITH A HISTORICAL PLOT AS A MEMORY POLICY INSTRUMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The presented research is devoted to the problems of the use of video games by Russia as a resource for the implementation of memorial policy. The goal of the author is to identify promising areas of application of video games as a tool for the policy of memory of the Russian Federation. The methodology of the work is built through a combination of comparative, structural and descriptive analysis. The conducted research has shown that the strategy for the development of historical video games as an instrument of the policy of memory of the Russian authorities should be built around the thesis about the need to increase their genre diversity. To date, most projects in this plan are simulators of military equipment and strategies, devoid of a plot component. It is necessary to focus on the creation of plot projects that guarantee the emergence of a "immersion effect" and empathy among gamers in relation to game characters, as well as a wide range of reality simulators that simulate the performance of survival tasks or the performance of specific types of work that have a stable symbolic connection with certain events and eras.
Key words: video games, politics of memory, memorial politics, Russia, perspectives, historical plot.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.014
E.V. KRYUKOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE "SILENT MAJORITY" IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN DEMOCRACIES
The article describes the role of the so-called «silent majority» in the development of modern democracies. The article defines the concept of «silent majority», shows the specifics of the development of democracy in various advanced countries of the world, where the manipulation of the majority in their own interests is one of the specifics of the development of democracy.
Key words: «silent majority», democracy, developed democratic countries, manipulation of public opinion, development of democracy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.015
М.N. BESPAMIATNOVA PhD student, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
THE PROSPECT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS FUNCTIONS’ HARMONIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS’ INTERACTION WITH PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
The article presents the reflections and some results of the study of the necessity and possibilities of the harmonization of the local self-government institutions functions. In the frames of this article, key features of interaction between public organizations and local governments are outlined, therefore a number of conclusions can be drawn about the high potential of applying the concept of harmonization in the public sector, and in particular, in the institutions of local self-government.
Key words: public administration, the concept of harmonization, local self-government, public organization, civil society, political stability, interacting management, institutionalization, dependence on resources, distribution of forces.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.016
А.R. АLEXANDROV Postgraduate student at Tambov State Technical University; Deputy of the Tambov City Duma of the Tambov Region of the seventh convocation, Tambov, Russia
CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS – A NEW STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN RUSSIA
The article examines the impact of constitutional changes on the development of local self-government in the Russian Federation. The key amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation are studied, including: building a unified system of public power, ensuring the financial self-sufficiency of local self-government and the participation of state authorities in the formation of local self-government bodies.
Key words: local self-government, the system of public power, constitutional reform.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.017
P.V. DENISENKO Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Politology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
E.Т. YESIEV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Politology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA
In this paper the authors analyze the role of Internet technologies as a tool for political mobilization. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of theoretical ideas about the impact of the Internet and Web 2.0 technologies on political systems. Moreover, the authors consider in detail the current state and transformation of the tools of political mobilization in the context of the development of Big Data technologies. In particular, the potential of big user data is regarded.
Key words: political mobilization, Internet technologies, Web 2.0, Big Data, big user data, geotargeting.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.018
YU.D. MELNIKOVA Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
MODELS AND EXPERIENCES OF LOCAL CIVIC INITIATIVE – IMPLEMENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES
Civil initiative is one of the central mechanisms of direct democracy in America. While there is increasing media and academic focus on the use, structure, and impact of civic initiative at the state level, there is much less research on local government initiative provisions in the United States. However, it should be noted that the use of this mechanism at the local level occurs quite often, since the main goal of the civil initiative is to improve the life quality of the citizens and society. Civil initiative can regulate various spheres of social life and, if adopted, its provisions are binding on all citizens. To study the experience of implementing a civil initiative in the United States at the local level, this article presents an analysis of various examples (case studies) of the implementation of the initiative, indicating the strengths and weaknesses of a particular experience, as well as a study of the historical and theoretical part of the issue under study.
Key words: local government, civic initiative, civil society, direct democracy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.019
DO THANH TU Postgraduate, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL NETWORK AS A SPACE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BY CITIZENS OF VIETNAM: RESULTS OF APPLIED POLITICAL ANALYSIS (2020)
Analyzed the behavior of Vietnamese in the field of searching, exchanging political information online, commenting on it and criticizing it in virtual cyberspace. At the same time, the specifics of the participation of Vietnamese citizens in online communities for the exercise of their political and civil rights have been clarified. In addition, the potential of the Internet to mobilize Vietnamese users for protests is also presented.
The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of developing, based on the analysis of the involvement of Vietnamese people in social networks with a civil and political orientation, measures to improve the conditions for the development of a culture of conventional civil participation among the Vietnamese.
Key words: social network, online community, Facebook, Youtube, Zalo, Google+, Instagram, Twitter, civil and political rights, protest action.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.020
D.A. SEMIBOKOV Post-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS AS A FACTOR OF INSTABILITY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEMS OF THE UNRECOGNIZED REPUBLICS
The article examines the essence of ethnopolitical conflicts as a factor in the emergence of unrecognized states. In addition, an analysis of these conflicts from the point of view of their impact on the stability of the modern unrecognized republics of the post-Soviet space is given.
In addition, the text provides a step-by-step analysis of the emergence of ethnopolitical conflicts, the reasons why the emergence of these conflicts is possible in modern political conditions.
Key words: ethnopolitics, ethnopolitical conflicts, political systems, unrecognized states, unrecognized republics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.021
SARDAR ALAA Graduate student, Department of Political Theory and Communication, the Institute of International Relations and World History, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia
PUBLIC POLICY AS A SPHERE OF ACTIVITY OF INTEREST GROUPS IN THE MODERN STATE: SUBJECTS AND MECHANISM OF INTERACTION
Interest groups have political and scientific significance due to their influence on public policy. The influence can have many shades. Successful attempts to influence political decisions are most noticeable, but influence can also occur at earlier stages of the political process. It is noted that interest groups differ in the set of public policy areas they seek to influence, and the political context can be critical to the ability of groups to influence policy. It is concluded that the influence of interest groups on public policy is carried out both directly and indirectly based on the range of goals and objectives pursued by a particular group and on the basis of its existing potential in the form of material, information and organizational resources.
Key words: politics, political system, state, government, interest groups, lobbying, political practice, public policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.022
D.I. PLESHAKOVA Graduate student, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, The Russian Federation, Tambov, Russia
REGIONAL PARLIAMENTARISM IN MODERN RUSSIA: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS
The author studies the peculiarities of the formation of Russian parliamentarism in the regions. Regional parliamentarism is an integral part of the entire parliamentary system and the closest to society. Therefore, the study of regional parliamentarism is relevant for scientists who are engaged in the study of the Russian political system.
The author of the article believes that regional parliamentarism was formed under the influence of the state parliamentary system and in the context of the conflict between the executive and legislative branches. The author uses institutional and systemic methods to analyze parliamentarism in Russian regions. This is how the author defines the specifics of the development of parliamentarism, the state's role in this process and the influence of the configuration of state institutions on the position of regional parliaments.
In addition, the author identified the main problems of regional parliamentarism at the present time (such as the strengthening of executive power, the decline in the role of parliaments in the decision-making process and public confidence in them) and gave an assessment of its further development.
Key words: parliamentarism, political system, regional parliamentarism, executive branch, legislature, regional parliament, separation of powers, head of the regional administration, parliament.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.023
S.V. NESHKOV Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
REASONS FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF DESTABILIZING THE INTERNAL POLITICAL SITUATION IN RUSSIA
The presented research is devoted to the question of the reasons for the increased interest on the part of external and internal political actors in the involvement of young people in processes designed to destabilize the internal situation in Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that the increased attention to building communication with the younger generation in this case is due partly to the relative weakness of the state in terms of control over the social media space, partly to the abnormally high degree of representation of young people in the structure of consumers of the corresponding media content, produced by the process of cultural globalization “revolution consumer expectations ”and the specificity of the political perception of the younger generation, due to the lack of social experience and the peculiarities of developmental psychology.
Key words: youth, political stability, protest, social networks, social media, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.024
A.K. RUZAVINA Post-Graduate of Siberian Institute of Management – the branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia
INTERNET AND SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A FACTOR OF SPREADING YOUTH EXTREMISM
The article is devoted to the role of the Internet and social networks in spreading extremism among youth. The article gives an analysis of the growth of extremist crimes over the past few years and the problem of the transition of crimes to the virtual reality. Much attention is given to the main ways of placing extremist materials on the Internet. Further the author reports focus on new problems of countering extremism and their possible causes and analyses existing legislation in the field of countering extremism on the Internet. The author justifies the relevance of developing measures to counter extremism on the Internet.
Key words: extremism, youth extremism, terrorism, state, mass media, Internet, Russia.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.025
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
CHINA'S ONE BELT, ONE ROAD MEGAPROJECT: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CHALLENGES
The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of the modern world, which attracts special attention, due to the fact that in the near future it can determine the main main ways of development of the entire world economy and world politics. This project can bring China to the first place in the main indicators, which in the future leads to changes in the configuration of the existing world. It is noted that at present, in geopolitical terms, China opposes the policy of the United States and the West as a whole. Attention is drawn to the fact that the "One Belt, One Road" project affects entire regions of the world. And China at the official level prefers not to focus on its geopolitical goals.
Key words: "One belt, one road", China, megaproject, state, security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.026
CHU LING Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Moral Education of the Faculty of Marxism of the Inner Mongolia Technological University of China, expert of the Russian-Mongolian Research Center of the Inner Mongolia Technological University of China, China, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot
HAN HAOLEI Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Sinicization of Marxism, Faculty of Marxism China Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot
DYNAMICS OF CHINA-RUSSIA ENERGY COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF BILATERAL RELATIONS POLITICAL RELATION
In 2019, on the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia, the two leaders signed the "Joint Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the Development of a Comprehensive Strategic and Cooperative Partnership in the New Era ". Bilateral relations have entered a new stage in history. This article examines the state of development of Sino-Russian energy cooperation in the context of bilateral political relations between the two countries. The influence of the Sino-Russian political relations on the energy cooperation between the two countries is shown. The author points out the obstacles facing the deepening of Sino-Russian energy cooperation. The article puts forward ways to strengthen energy cooperation between China and Russia in the "post-epidemic era."
Key words: energy cooperation, political relations, China, Russia, national strategy, new era.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.027
М.F. МАGADIEV Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
GLOBAL INSTABILITY AS A FACTOR OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY MOBILIZATION AND RADICALIZATION OF MASS CONSCIOUSNESS
The article studies global instability as a factor of political mobilization and radicalization of mass consciousness. Russia is the most powerful country in the world with a strong military, intellectual and resource potential. All this is a significant factor in the country's competitiveness on the world stage, which causes discontent among other countries. The United States and the EU countries are the source of destruction of social stability in the world, permeating the entire global space with instability. In order to increase negative trends, the United States, by interfering in the internal affairs of weaker states, forces internal conflicts, wars and refugee flows which subsequently become a factor in the development of terrorism and extremism in the world. Thus, global instability in the world is one of the factors of political mobilization and radicalization of the mass consciousness of people.
The article aims to systematize the methods of political mobilization and radicalization of the mass consciousness. It shows the main directions of countering such phenomena and preventing their mass occurrence in Russia.
Key words: global instability, political mobilization, radicalization, mass consciousness, proxy wars, globalization, counteraction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.028
S.K. ZHETPYSBAEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associated Professor of the Department of Economics, NJSC named Toraigyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
KAZAKHSTAN'S PATH TO INDEPENDENCE IS THE PATH TO DEMOCRATIZATION AND INTEGRATION
The author of the article has analyzed the main aspects of the domestic and foreign policy of sovereign Kazakhstan in the context of ensuring improvement of the welfare of the people and the country’s national security. The study covers more than twenty years of the formation of the independent state of Kazakhstan, which until recently was little known in the world, but in a short time became a prominent subject of the modern world community.
The article covers the history of market reform, notes the successful anti-crisis policy of Kazakhstan, its initiatives at the global level of political and steps aimed at social modernization of Kazakhstan's society.
A significant place in the work is given to the strengthening of the country’s national security and measures ensuring the internal political stability of the society. The article shows the historical role and significant steps of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbayev on the way to the formation of a young independent state after the collapse of the USSR. The article highlights the main stages of Kazakhstan’s economic reforms in the context of the global economic crisis. The article covers the most difficult and bright moments of the Kazakh way in the modern history of Kazakhstan. It was the work on the Strategy of Kazakhstan’s Development until 2030, the process of adopting the current Constitution of the Republic, the introduction of the national currency, the process of denationalization and privatization and the transfer of the capital to Astana. The article reveals the international initiatives of the young state and its contribution to the maintenance of global peace, harmony and political stability at the present stage.
Key words: market economy, global crisis, modernization, Kazakhstan, independence, strategy, denationalization, privatization, state, history, world community, CIS, UES, transition period, stability.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.029
V.V. BLINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
ATLAS OF THE GREATER MEDITERRANEAN: CRIMEA AT THE CROSSROADS OF CIVILIZATIONS
The article presents an overview of the articles of the Atlas of the Greater Mediterranean (rusrimland.ru), covering key events in the history of the Mediterranean-Black Sea region. The review is followed by the most vivid stories that point to the key place of the Crimean Peninsula at the crossroads of civilizations supported by archival cartographic information. The presented maps clearly demonstrate the political, cultural and military processes that have influenced the image of Europe and Asia. Atlas of the Greater Mediterranean is an academic online resource that presents scientific knowledge based on visually understandable maps and infographics.
Key words: Crimea, Sevastopol, Atlas of the Greater Mediterranean, Mediterranean-Black Sea region, Greater Mediterranean.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.030
G.T. BATSAZOV Graduate Student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL FACTOR ON THE DOMESTIC POLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE LEBANESE REPUBLIC
In this article the external factor, the states having interest and influence in Republic of Lebanon are addressed. It is noted that those states have opposite interests in this strategic region and directly influence domestic political processes in the country. It is also stated that the confrontation of the states in the region impacts on the instability in the country and leads to inter-confessional contradictions and clashes. Thus, a number of the countries listed in the article are the factor that influences the destiny of Republic of Lebanon and relations of the confessions inhabiting it between them and the external actors.
Key words: external factor, political player, confessionalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.031
А.D. АFONIN Postgraduate student at the Chair of political science and political philosophy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
EU POLICY TOWARDS KAZAKHSTAN: ENERGY ASPECT
Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of relations in the energy sector between Kazakhstan and the EU in the context of global shifts in the energy sector, the creation of a pan-European energy market, as well as taking into account the development of advanced energy technologies. The purpose of the article is to study the components and key directions of the EU policy towards Kazakhstan in the energy plane. Objectives: 1) to analyze the features of the EU energy supply; 2) to consider vectors of mutually beneficial cooperation between Europe and Kazakhstan in the energy sector. Methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, historical review, forecasting, modeling, generalization, systematization. Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the goals stipulated by the EU program documents in the field of the development of alternative energy, the abandonment of fossil energy resources have not been achieved, and measures for their implementation are not effective and do not give the expected result. As a result, the countries of the continent depend on oil and gas supplies, which account for 39.3% and 22.6%, respectively, in the energy balance. Taking this into account, the EU demonstrates a high interest in diversifying energy sources that do not depend on Russian or Middle Eastern deposits. In this context, the article identifies three key vectors of Europe's energy policy towards Kazakhstan: investment support for the exploration and production of Caspian energy resources; development of nuclear energy, mining and export of raw uranium; assistance to the transition of the Republic to green energy. Conclusions. The main vector of political interaction between the European Union and Kazakhstan in the energy aspect is to ensure the security of energy supplies to European countries. To this end, the EU supports the development of oil fields and nuclear energy, and also actively involves the Republic in the "green" agenda of the continent.
Key words: Europe, energy, oil, Kazakhstan, supplies, balance, renewable energy sources, emission reduction, energy balance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.032
N.A. BUZANOV PhD student, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
D.V. VOROVSKAYA Magistra iuris, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
WHO CAN VIOLATE INTERNATIONAL LAW? THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. MONISM AND DUALISM. IMPACT ON RUSSIAN-CHINESE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP
This work aims to show different approaches in the sphere of interaction and interrelation of national and international law, as well as to define the issue of violation of international law, both written and oral, and the consequences of possible violations. It also discusses the impact of different legal approaches in international law on international relations and arrangements using the example of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. A comparative analysis of the constitutions of the two countries was conducted to examine this issue. General international legal acts, which are regulating international relations of the two countries were also analyzed. The authors conclude that the application of monism and dualism by these countries has no direct influence on international relations. In the case of Russia and China, other factors, discussed in the article, have a determining influence. The authors also emphasize that subjects of international law usually have no legal basis for its violation, but non-subjects, for obvious reasons, are not subject to this obligation.
Key words: international law, monism, dualism, supremacy of the constitution, gentlemen's agreement.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.033
R.S. CHERNYSHEV Master, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
A.A. RASHKOVAN PhD student, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
LEGAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN CYBERSPACE
The article examines some of the legal problems of international relations in cyberspace, which directly affect the effectiveness of the mechanism for combating cybercrime. These gaps in the law can directly affect the relationship between various actors in international relations.
The authors propose a systematic consideration of the legal regulation of legal relations in cyberspace, namely: the problem of identifying the perpetrators of cyber attacks and their subsequent responsibility; uncertainties in the application of the "presumption of political crime".
The authors conclude that cyberspace, a new area for international relations, leaves a huge number of unresolved issues today, because of which negotiations or even relations between countries can come to a standstill. In this case, due to the lack of a single international document or convention that would allow regulating legal processes in this area, most cybercriminals have the opportunity to remain unpunished, which is fertile ground for major cyberattacks.
Key words: cybersecurity, cyberspace, international relations, world politics, law.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.034
A.I. CHERPAKOVA Post-graduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FRANCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE EU EASTERN PARTNERSHIP
The article is dedicated to the analysis of France’s attitude towards Eastern Partnership – the EU program of collaboration with Armenia, Belorussia, Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan and Georgia. The article considers the main factors shaping the French government endorsement of this program. The particular attention is given to French actions in the scope of the Eastern Partnership priorities. The results of the research demonstrate that despite the fact that France has not paid any particular attention to the Eastern Partnership since its beginning, nowadays France reconsiders its attitude to this project. Not being an active adherer of the Eastern Partnership, France tries to play a significant role in post-soviet countries conflicts regulation. According to the French government, the countries which participate in the Eastern partnership should not consider it as a mechanism of EU accession, the Eastern partnership should be deemed as an instrument of EU’s geopolitical struggle with Russia.
Key words: France, European Union, Eastern partnership, EU Neighborhood policy, Russia, conflict regulation.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.035
MOHAMMAD ANWAR BAKTASH Student working for the Master's Degree at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN, Kabul, Afghanistan
KAMWAR AHMAD JAVID Student working for the Master's Degree at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN, Kabul, Afghanistan
MOHMAND HASHMATULLAH BA at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN, Kabul, Afghanistan
LANGUAGE POLICY IN AFGHANISTAN
Afghanistan is a multicultural, multilingual nation and includes ethnic groups of Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, Nuristanis, Imams, Balochis, and other smaller ethnic groups. For many years, there were several languages in Afghanistan, each within its own specific geographical area. The article examines the policies of past regimes regarding the use and official status of different languages. The focus is on Dari and Pashto, the country's two most important official languages.
During the 20th century, the language policy in Afghanistan has often changed in response to socio-political conditions and efforts to advance the political goals of the transitional regimes. The main goals were to promote national unity, national identity, ethnic motives and political thought, and thus the history of Afghanistan in the 20th century is accompanied by frequent changes in the Afghan language policy.
Key words: Afghanistan, language policy, history, current state, linguistic diversity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.036
K.S. KOMAROV Student, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia
MODERN GEOPOLITICAL ENGINEERING OF ISRAEL IN THE MIDDLE EAST
The article introduces in the scientific discourse in the framework of new geopolitical paradigm сonceptual comprehension of “geopolitical engineering” (illustrated by Israel) and its specific manifestation in MidEast area, with broad forecasting application prospects.
Key words: Geopolitical engineering, Israel, the Middle East, сonceptual comprehension, geopolitical forecast.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.68.4.037
SUN WENXIAN Master, Lanzhou University, Institute of Foreign Languages, China
INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF ECONOMIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS
The December 1986 events in Alma-Ata were an ethnic conflict during the Soviet Union in the capital of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic and were the first large-scale outbreak of the Soviet Union's national problem. The immediate cause of the events was that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union removed Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev from the post of the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and directly appointed Gennady Vasilyevich Kolbin to the post. The change of Kunayev caused strong discontent among the Kazakh population, then a large-scale protest demonstration broke out. Due to a misjudgment of the situation, the Soviet authorities used force to suppress the unrest, which eventually led to bloody conflicts and casualties, and a large number of people were arrested and punished. After the incident, the Central Committee of the CPSU described the riots in Almaty as "a manifestation of Kazakh nationalism." However, this conclusion seriously hurt the national pride of the Kazakhs, and they strongly opposed this decision. Three years later, with the changes in the situation and the growing voice of the people, the Central Committee of the CPSU reversed its previous decision, and the incident was eventually rehabilitated. In the context of the unequal national policy of the Soviet Union, the December events were the inevitable result of a long accumulation of ethnic contradictions. The highly centralized system allowed the Union Republic to have little power, limited political and economic autonomy, and severely suppressed the development of the national language and culture. With the gradual strengthening of national consciousness, the national elite, represented by national intellectuals, became increasingly dissatisfied with the power of the Soviet Union and strongly called for the realization of national equality and the preservation of state sovereignty. Combined with the free environment created by the reform of Mikhail S. Gorbachev, this personnel appointment, which was not fully thought out, was the beginning of a series of successive mass outbreaks of the Soviet national problem, and the country began to be in turmoil. After all, the national crisis that began in December in Almaty accelerated the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Key words: December events in Alma-Ata, national problem, collapse of the USSR.
OUR AUTHORS
АFONIN A.D. – Postgraduate student at the Chair of political science and political philosophy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
АLEXANDROV A.R. – Postgraduate student at Tambov State Technical University; Deputy of the Tambov City Duma of the Tambov Region of the seventh convocation, Tambov, Russia.
BATSAZOV G.T. – Graduate Student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
BEKMURODOVA G. – Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Associate Professor at Karshi State University, Karshi, Uzbekistan.
BELOV S.I. – PhD, Associate Professor of Faculty of Political Science of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
BESPAMIATNOVA M.N. – PhD student, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
BIRINCHI E. – Postgraduate student at the Chair of comparative political science, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
BLINOV V.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
BUZANOV N.A. – PhD student, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
CHERNYSHEV R.S. – Master, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
CHERPAKOVA A.I. – Post-graduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
CHU LING – Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Moral Education of the Faculty of Marxism of the Inner Mongolia Technological University of China, expert of the Russian-Mongolian Research Center of the Inner Mongolia Technological University of China, China, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot.
DENISENKO P.V. – Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Politology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
DO THANH TU – Postgraduate, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.
HAN HAOLEI – Ph.D. of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Sinicization of Marxism, Faculty of Marxism China Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot.
KAMWAR AHMAD JAVID – Student working for the Master's Degree at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN, Kabul, Afghanistan.
KOMAROV K.S. – Student, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia.
KRYUKOVA E.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia.
KUZMIN A.G. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of social work and psychology of Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Syktyvkar, Russia.
МAGADIEV M.F. – Candidate of Sciences (sociology), Associate Professor at the Chair of state administration in foreign policy activities, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
МАRTYNOVA M.YU. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor at the Faculty of Humanities, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.
MELNIKOVA YU.D. – Postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
MOHAMMAD ANWAR BAKTASH – Student working for the Master's Degree at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN, Kabul, Afghanistan.
MOHMAND HASHMATULLAH – BA at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN, Kabul, Afghanistan.
MURATOV A.H. – Ph.D. in the Department of Conflictology of the Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications of the Russian, Kazan, Russia.
NESHKOV S.V. – Postgraduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
OSELEDETS A.G. – Ph.D., Associate Professor, Military Science Center of Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok, Vladivostok, Russia.
PEREVALOVA E.A. – Senior lecturer at the Northwestern Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
PLESHAKOVA D.I. – Graduate student, Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, The Russian Federation, Tambov, Russia.
POPOV S.I. – Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
RASHKOVAN A.A. – PhD student, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
RAVOCHKIN N.N. – PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Humanitarian and Legal Disciplines Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy; Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo, Russia.
RUZAVINA A.K. – Post-Graduate of Siberian Institute of Management – the branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia.
SARDAR ALAA – Graduate student, Department of Political Theory and Communication, the Institute of International Relations and World History, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia.
SAZHAEV M.I. – Graduate student professor in the Department of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.
SEMIBOKOV D.A. – Post-graduate student of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
SUN WENXIAN – Master, Lanzhou University, Institute of Foreign Languages, China.
SYZDYKOVA ZH.S. – Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia.
TUSHKOV A.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.
USTYUZHANINOV I.D. – Postgraduate student of History of political movements and political parties’ department Lomonosov MSU Faculty of History, Moscow, Russia.
VOROVSKAYA D.V. – Magistra iuris, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
WANG JIAXU – Postgraduate, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow state pedagogical university, Senior lecturer at Heilongjiang University, China.
YESIEV E.T. – Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Politology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
ZHETPYSBAEV S.K. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associated Professor of the Department of Economics, NJSC named Toraigyrov University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
ZHOLMANOV A.S. – Postgraduate student at the Chair of political science and political management of the Institute of Social Sciences, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
OUR AUTHORS
ABRAMOVA M.A. – Doctor of Sciences (Education), Leading Researcher, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Social and Legal Research, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
ADAMOVA M.A. – Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of International relations, political science and world economics, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia.
ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE – Assistant, department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences RUDN, Post-graduate student of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Cotonou, Benin.
АGОNNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY – Assistant of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Cotonou, Republic of Benin.
ASTVATSATUROVA М.А. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, China.
AVAKYAN D.A. – Candidate of political sciences, senior lecturer of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.
BASOV О.N. – PhD Student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
BAYKOV S.A. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Law, Moscow Regional State University, Moscow, Russia.
BUBNOV A.YU. – Candidate of philosophical sciences, docent, associate Professor of the Department of history and theory of politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
BURLAKOV P.D. – Bachelor of Political Science Faculty, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
DANILOVA A.I. – Bachelor of International Relations and Law Department, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.
DOBRYNINA М.V. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia.
EBRU BIRINCI – PhD Student, Department of Comparative Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
FARNIEV S.A. – Applicant for the Department of Political Theory, Moscow State International Relations (University), Moscow, Russia.
FEDORENKO U.V. – PhD student in the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.
FELDMAN P.YA. – Саndidate of political sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of philosophy and sociology, the Academy of labor and social relations, Moscow, Russia.
FULIN YANG – Vice-rector, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, China.
GIMALIEV V.G. – Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Department of foreign languages N2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia.
HUONG VU THI – Graduate student, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Tula State University, Tula, Russia.
ISMOILOVA G.I. – Teacher, Karshi state university, Karshi, Republic of Uzbekistan.
JARWAN ALJARWAN MOHD KHIER – PhD (Political science), Moscow, Russia.
KANDYBA R.A. – Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of International relations, political science and world economics, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia.
KHLOPOV O.A. – PhD in Political Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Regional Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia.
КОCHETKOV E.E. – Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia.
KOZLENKO M.V. – Bachelor of Applied Political Science, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.
KRASNOV M.I. – Master of the Faculty of Economics, Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov (Tula branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics), Tula, Russia.
MAJIDOV O.I. – Researcher at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.
MANKIEVA A.V. – Candidate of political sciences, associate Professor legal support of the activities of the authorities North Caucasus Institute-branch, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia.
MASUEV A.A. – Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.
MENAJDINOVA A.R. – Master’s Degree student, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia.
MENDRITZKI M.YU. – Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.
MIRONOV S.I. – Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.
MOISEEV A.V. – Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
MURAVYKH A.I. – D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
NAZAROV А.D. – Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Deputy Head of the Department for scientific work, Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia.
NAZAROVA N.A. – Deputy Director for Personnel, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
NIKITENKO E.G. – Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
NIKUSHKIN A.B. – Post-graduate, Department of History and Political Theory, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
NOVOZHENINA O.P. – Senior researcher, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
PILYAGIN K.A. – Post-graduate student of the North-Western Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia.
POLTAVTSEVA O.N. – Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
POPOV S.I. – Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
PRYAHIN V.F. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, International Relations Dept., RSHU; Professor, Diplomacy Dept., MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia.
RODIONOVA M.E. – PR & GR Director of Celebrium Labs, Candidate of Social Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
SANCHAT S.S. – Postgraduate, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Siberian Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
SAVELEVA U.S. – Russian Politics Department, Faculty of Political Science, PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
SAVELYEVA M.A. – PhD student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
SEMENOVA O.V. – Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia.
SHANGARAEV R.N. – Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
SHOLKOVA M.A. – Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy, third secretary of the Third department of CIS countries MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
SLYZOVSKIY D.E. – Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Moscow, Russia.
SOHRAB BARYA – PhD student, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia.
STEPANKOVA D.S. –Bachelor's degree student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
ТARASOCHKINA D.D. – Bachelor's degree student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
TROFIMOVA K.M. – Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia.
TUSHKOV A.A. – Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.
TYUKOV N.A. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Executive Director Center for Socio-Political Projects and Communications, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Research and Technology, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.
VELIKAYA N.M. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of Science and Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dean of the Faculty of Sociology, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia.
VENTSEL S.V. – Analyst of the National Center for Information Counteraction to terrorism and extremism in the educational environment and the Internet, Moscow, Russia.
VORONINA N.A. – Candidate of Sciences (law), Senior researcher at the Sector of Human Rights, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
ZHENG YI – Doctoral candidate of the Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
ZHETPYSBAEV S.K. – Ph.D. In Economics, associated Professor, Department of Management and Political Science, PSU named after S.M. Toraigyrov, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 11, Issue 3 (67), 2021.
CONTENTS
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
Adamova M.A., Kandyba R.A., Mankieva A.V. Theoretical Aspects of Migration Processes in the Modern Political Discourse
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Velikaya N.M., Novozhenina O.P. Socio-Political Values in the Image of the Future of Russian Citizens as the Basis for the Political and Economic Modernization of the Country
Tyukov N.A., Shapovalov V.I. Mechanisms and Motivation for the Participation of Representatives of the Russian Pedagogical Community in Political Processes
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Astvatsaturova M.A., Yang Fulin. Patriotic Aspects of the Program Discourse of Modern Communist Parties: (Local Comparative Analysis)
Abramova M.A. Transformation of Modern Russian Society in the Eurasian Socio-Cultural Space: Justification of the Research Approach
Muravykh A.I., Nikitenko E.G. The Discounted Elite of the Consumer Society
Nazarov A.D. Achievements, Challenges and Prospects of the Current Stage of Space Exploration
Bubnov A.Yu., Savelyeva M.A. The Memory of the Great Patriotic War in Belarus as a Space of "Memorial Wars" (on the Example of Online Discussion Analysis)
Dobrynina M.V. Engineering Education in the Context of National Security Issues in the Russian Federation: Development According to the Mobilization Scenario
Feldman P.Ya., Farniev S.A., Mironov S.I. Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the use of Manipulative Political Technologies in the Information War (on Example of the COVID-19 Pandemic)
Nikushkin A.B. Digital Platforms as the Communication Channel and the Party Politics Tool: a Comparative Analysis
Majidov O.I. The Main Directions of the Policy of Building a Civil Society in Uzbekistan
Saveleva U.S. Consolidation of Russian Society: Challenges and Prospects
Baykov S.A. Communication Strategy of the Political Elite and Society in Russia in the Context of International Confrontation
Ventsel S.V. Political Extremism in the Space of New Media: Problematic Aspects and Technological Nuances
Vu Thi Huong. Internet Technologies in Election Campaigns in the Contemporary Political Process
Basov O.N. Instruments of Elite Struggle for Political Power in Bureaucratic Systems with the use of Media
Masuev A.A., Mendritzki M.Yu. Prospective Mechanisms and Technologies for Countering Political Extremism in a Virtual Environment
Sanchat S.S. Research of Regional Political Systems in Modern Russia: Actuality and Prospects
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
Ismoilova G.I. Impact of Economic Reforms for Spiritual and Moral Development of Personality
Pilyagin K.A. Essence and Content of Political Mechanisms for Formation and Implementation of Cultural Policy
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
Voronina N.A. Мigrants in Moscow: Cultural Diversity and Facets of Ethnopolitics
Zhetpysbaev S.K. Ethnopolitics of Kazakhstan: Towards Unity Through Diversity
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
Tushkov A.A., Danilova A.I. The Ethnopolitical Conflict Potential of Modern China
Aljarwan Mohd Khier Jarwan. Conflict Relations of Iran in the Context of the Syrian Crisis (Case Study of Israel)
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
Tushkov A.A., Fedorenko U.V. China's Peripheral Diplomacy as a Basis of “Community of Common Destiny” Concept
Pryahin V.F. On the Principal and Tactical Differences in the Foreign Policy of the Republican and Demokratic Administrations of the USA
Khlopov O.A. Turkey's Energy Security Problems
Rodionova M.E., Nazarova N.A., Gimaliev V.G. Current Trends in Electoral Processes in the EU Countries
Kоchetkov E.E. Problems and Prospects of Federalization and Regionalization of some Arab Countries
Moiseev A.V., Shangaraev R.N. International Cooperation to Reduce Global Nuclear Threats: Concepts and Practice
Avakyan D.A., Trofimova K.M. Social and Political Conflict as a Factor in the Development of Labor Relations in the UK
Popov S.I., Menajdinova A.R. Specifics of Regulation of Immigration Policy in Germany as a Condition of Political Stability
Semenova O.V. Musical and Informational Space of the Multicultural Environment as a Factor of the "Soft Power" of the State
Adohounde Yaovi Sylvestre. Features of Political and Economic Reforms in the Republic of Benin under President Patrice Talon (2016-2021)
Аgоnnoude Bidoley Vianney Freddy. South Africa, USA, BRICS: Economic Cooperation and Political Confrontation on the International Stage
Sholkova M.A. Japan’s Official Development Assistance and Ensuring Sustainable Development of Asian Pacific Region
Poltavtseva O.N. Threats and Prospects of New Media in Foreign Policy of Modern States in Post-COVID-19 Period
Ebru Birinci. The Changing Role of Israel in the Russian Middle Eastern Policy
Sohrab Barya. Problems of Peaceful Settlement in Afghanistan: Russia's Policy in the Region
Zheng Yi. Energy Security – Price Competition Between Russia, USA and KSA
STUDENT SCIENCE
Stepankova D.S., Тarasochkina D.D. Historical and Theoretical Foundations of American Federalism and their Practical Implementation in the Context of the 2020 US Presidential Elections
Krasnov M.I., Burlakov P.D., Kozlenko M.V. Participation of Student Youth in the General Russian Vote on the Approval of Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation: Value Attitudes and Political Behavior
REFLECTIONS ON THE READ
Slyzovskiy D.E. President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev: Someone who Inspired Confidence? (Review of the Article by Ulker Mastaf Kyzy Mehdiyeva “The Image of a Political Leader in the Historical Context (on the Example of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev”)
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.001
M.A. ADAMOVA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of International relations, political science and world economics, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
R.A. KANDYBA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of International relations, political science and world economics, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
A.V. MANKIEVA Candidate of political sciences, associate Professor legal support of the activities of the authorities North Caucasus Institute-branch, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
The article discusses the evolution of approaches to the study of the phenomenon of migration. The definition and classification of migration are presented, and the main types are highlighted. A review of the works of foreign researchers that influenced the formation of the doctrine of population migration is given. The main trends in the study of migration processes are determined.
Key words: migration, international migration of population, migration factors, classification of migration, integration of migrants.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.002
N.M. VELIKAYA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of Science and Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dean of the Faculty of Sociology, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
O.P. NOVOZHENINA Senior researcher, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
SOCIO-POLITICAL VALUES IN THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE OF RUSSIAN CITIZENS AS THE BASIS FOR THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION OF THE COUNTRY
The article written on the results of the conducted sociological research, is based on the analysis of empirical data and is devoted to identifying the dominant political and ideological orientations that determine the process of socio-political modernization of modern Russian society. Special attention is paid to the ideas of Russians about the possible future of Russia in the political sphere.
It is shown that the modernization projects launched by the government and the political elite do not always meet the requirements of the Russian society, in which the high value of social justice is preserved.
Based on the analysis of dynamic data series, we conclude that there is a high level of continuity in ideological preferences, and that there is a value split in Russian society, which makes it difficult to develop a modernization scenario that would suit all social groups. Despite the relatively high potential for support for the current government, there is a well-articulated disagreement with the current political course in public opinion.
Key words: image of the future, modernization, social expectations, consolidation of society, socio-political identification.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.003
N.A. TYUKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Executive Director Center for Socio-Political Projects and Communications, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Research and Technology, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
V.L. SHAPOVALOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute of History and Politics of the Moscow State Pedagogical University, Associate Professor of the Department of Comparative Political Science MGIMO University, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
MECHANISMS AND MOTIVATION FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE RUSSIAN PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNITY IN POLITICAL PROCESSES
The article examines the peculiarities of political participation of a socially significant professional group, teachers of Russian general education schools. The study was conducted in 2020-2021 on the territory of three federal subjects: the Sverdlovsk Region, the Stavropol Territory and the Tomsk Region. The research methods were focus groups and in-depth interviews. The study demonstrated a low potential for personal participation in political processes. For the majority of respondents, the activities related to politics are limited to official electoral practices, mainly voting at the polling station. Participation in political life outside of elections is extremely rare.
Key words: teachers, the pedagogical community, political participation, political processes, elections, political protest, political activism, political parties.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.004
М.А. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, China
YANG FULIN Vice-rector, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, China
PATRIOTIC ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM DISCOURSE OF MODERN COMMUNIST PARTIES: (LOCAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)
The article contains a comparative political analysis of the program ideas of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) and the Communist Party of China. Common determinants of pathogenesis, common ideological foundations, common functionality, as well as essential-functional differences of the parties are traced. As a unifying idea of the program discourse of both parties, patriotism in its broad socio-political and civic significance is highlighted. The authors examine the program and discursive understanding of patriotism in the charter documents of political parties, reveal the social-class, civil-political connotation of patriotism, which implies its interpretation as broad social justice, as the achievement of the interests of the working people, as the unity of the party and citizens.
Key words: comparative political analysis, party, communist parties, program discourse, patriotism of social-class, civil-political determination, social justice, national models of socialism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.005
M.A. ABRAMOVA Doctor of Sciences (Education), Leading Researcher, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Social and Legal Research, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN THE EURASIAN SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE: JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH APPROACH
An urgent problem for modern Russia is to determine its place both in the global and in the civilizational socio-cultural space. The adequacy of understanding the situation, as well as the choice of effective development strategies, is largely determined by the level of reflection on the ongoing processes, which implies studying them not in a local dimension, but in dialectical connection with what is happening in other countries.
The article aims to substantiate the research position of choosing an approach to the study of the coherence of the processes of transformation of socio-cultural space (spaces). It is important to note that a significant drawback of macrosociological theories in the construction of prognostic scenarios is the insufficient consideration of the specifics of the content, cultural, historical and regional features that affect the formation of trends, as well as the conditionality of using qualitative and quantitative methods of process research in the argumentation of these data. This situation is partly due to the fact that the solution of each specific problem requires constant reflection by the researcher of his methodological position, since there is no support for integrative theory, which is still absent in the framework of macrosociology.
The article concludes that the sociocultural approach, which considers the formed cause-and-effect relationships of the transformational impact at different levels: societal, institutional, group, and personal, can serve as the unifying basis for the study of the processes of transformation of the socio-cultural space. It allows us to take into account the specific features and dynamics of the influence of various factors on the subjects of spaces (a), as well as reproducing the deductive inductive nature of connections, to apply emic-etic approaches traditionally used in ethnopsychology to study the processes and factors that determine the behavior of specific subjects of the community. Taking into account the contradictory and multi-level trends of the processes that transform both the internal and external socio-cultural space increases the prognostic capabilities of the developed scenarios for the development of communities.
Key words: sociocultural space, sociocultural approach, macrosciology, predictive scenarios, transformation of society, coherence of processes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.006
A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE DISCOUNTED ELITE OF THE CONSUMER SOCIETY
The article analyzes the evolution of the ruling elite of the consumer society. On the basis of the systemic-synergetic and cybernetic approaches, the general laws of the functioning and development of elites are considered. A critical analysis of the phenomenon of the transnational elite (globalists), neoliberal ideology, Western values and the idea of inclusive capitalism is carried out. The historical path of the elite of the consumer society testifies to its qualitative changes: from social significance to social insignificance and the prospect of liberal fascism.
Key words: consumer society, globalists, elites, network power, ideology, values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.007
А.D. NAZAROV Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Deputy Head of the Department for scientific work, Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia
ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF THE CURRENT STAGE OF SPACE EXPLORATION
The article contains an analysis of a new stage in the "space race" that is gaining momentum and becoming a global trend of modern world development. More than 120 countries of the world are involved in this process to some extent, in which eight to ten of the most developed countries are leading by a large margin. Like any new phenomenon in the exploration of outer space, generated by scientific and technological development, it carries new opportunities and features (in particular, the emerging dominance of private business in the interplanetary sphere, increased interest in the industrial development of asteroid and near-Earth space resources, an intense struggle for primacy in the development and settlement of the Moon or Mars, legal regulation of increasingly complex international relations, etc.), as well as unforeseen consequences, which still receive unjustifiably little attention. It should be noted that the importance of information and propaganda support for space activities among different segments of the population is underestimated and such work among schoolchildren and students is developing too slowly.
Key words: space, new lunar race, lunar project, information support for space exploration, ISS, Roscosmos Corporation, NASA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.008
A.YU. BUBNOV Candidate of philosophical sciences, docent, associate Professor of the Department of history and theory of politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
M.A. SAVELYEVA PhD student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN BELARUS AS A SPACE OF "MEMORIAL WARS" (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONLINE DISCUSSION ANALYSIS)
The article examines the memory of the Great Patriotic War in Belarus in the context of the "memorial wars". It is shown that the specificity of the Belarusian memorial wars is associated with the dual and incomplete nature of the Belarusian identity. The clash of two main historical discourses is demonstrated: Westernism and Neo-Sovietism. The research was carried out on the example of the analysis of online comments to documentaries of the opposition channel "BelSat". The stereotypical judgments of participants in online discussions allow us to identify several dominant narratives about war in the discussion: the role of the guerrilla movement, assessment of the 1939 pact, and attitudes towards collaborationism. The key narratives of the Belarusian identity are being revised, primarily the heroic role of the partisan movement on the territory of the BSSR. At the same time, the Belarusian-Soviet identity, based on the official narrative of the war, continues to be significant even among the opposition.
Key words: World War II, memory wars, memory of the war, Belarus, online commentaries, historical discourses.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.009
М.V. DOBRYNINA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia
ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO THE MOBILIZATION SCENARIO
Engineering education and engineering universities are considered as a component of the national security system of Russia. The main trends in the development of engineering education under the mobilization scenario are analyzed. The degree of effectiveness of the implementation of the mobilization scenario for the system of engineering education is estimated.
Key words: engineering education, national security, mobilization, reform, education policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.010
P.YA. FELDMAN Саndidate of political sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of philosophy and sociology, the Academy of labor and social relations, Moscow, Russia
S.A. FARNIEV Applicant for the Department of Political Theory, Moscow State International Relations (University), Moscow, Russia
S.I. MIRONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF MANIPULATIVE POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INFORMATION WAR (ON EXAMPLE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
The Article is an attempt to understand the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of manipulative political technologies on the" information front " of a hybrid war between key actors of global politics. The subject of the study is a set of media tools and communication stratagems used by Western countries to form a specific image of Russia in the public information space on the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors examine specific examples of false reports spread by European and American media about the situation with coronavirus in the Russian Federation and come to the conclusion that such "journalistic materials" fit into the framework of a large-scale and comprehensive information campaign, secretly encouraged by the political elites of the respective countries. This campaign uses 5 main manipulative tools: event-based "fake news"; quantitative and qualitative "fakes"; replication of materials in the style of "the government hides the truth"; biased coverage of real facts involving politically biased opinion leaders; establishing false cause-and-effect relationships between real events and phenomena. According to the authors, in the medium term, the main target for information attacks from Russia's geopolitical competitors will be the "Sputnik V" vaccine. To create a stable "population immunity" to "fake news", it is necessary to conduct systematic educational work, in which educational organizations, research and analytical centers, law enforcement agencies, state authorities and Federal mass media would act ahead of the curve.
Key words: information wars, manipulative technologies, political communication, mass media, COVID-19 pandemic, fake news, fake news.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.011
A.B. NIKUSHKIN Post-graduate, Department of History and Political Theory, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DIGITAL PLATFORMS AS THE COMMUNICATION CHANNEL AND THE PARTY POLITICS TOOL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The purpose of the study is to identify institutional risks and opportunities for political parties in the context of using digital platforms using the example of the German Pirate Party's LiquidFeedback, the five-star Rousseau platform in Italy and the Participia portal of the Spanish party Podemos.
The research methods are based on the comparative case study using the analysis of regulatory framework of Five Star Movement, Podemos and Pirate Party of Germany, as well as sources of their digital platforms, available for nonparticipant observation.
The results: Comparative criteria have been formulated to analyze the contribution of digital platforms to parties policy development. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, a conclusion was made about the prospects of their application within the framework of this political institution.
The theoretical implication of the study lies in applying the proposed criteria in the study of other digital parties or parties’ transformation.
Practical implication is the more efficient review of research studies and the application of these parties' experience in other parties' adaptation to political participation in the context of digital society.
Key words: E-participation, digital democracy, digital parties, pirate party, Pirate party Germany, Five Star Movement, Podemos.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.012
O.I. MAJIDOV Researcher at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE POLICY OF BUILDING A CIVIL SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN
The article emphasizes that since the first years of its independence, Uzbekistan has chosen the path of building a democratic state and civil society based on the rule of law. It was noted that the current policy of civil society in Uzbekistan, aimed at optimizing the formation and development of social, political, legal, cultural, spiritual and economic foundations, is based on the rule of law and legal criteria inherent in a new stage of development. It was also noted that the activities of state and public organizations, based on the principles of transparency and accountability, honesty and fairness, are yielding practical results.
Key words: rule of law, justice, constitutional state, democracy, civil society, reform, human capital, human rights, social development, moral values, responsibility, social activity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.013
U.S. SAVELEVA Russian Politics Department, Faculty of Political Science, PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CONSOLIDATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
The article is devoted to the challenges and prospects for the consolidation of Russian society and the determination of the features of the impact of the challenges and opportunities that accompany this process on Russian reality. The presented material allows us to conclude that the stake on the development of civil society, dialogue between society and the state are necessary alternatives to outdated technologies for consolidating society.
Key words: social consolidation, Russian society, paternalism, propaganda, civil society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.014
S.A. BAYKOV Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Law, Moscow Regional State University, Moscow, Russia
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF THE POLITICAL ELITE AND SOCIETY IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL CONFRONTATION
The purpose of this article is to assess the current communication strategy of the Russian political elite and the population in the context of tense relations between Russia and the United States and the European Union. The tasks include identifying potential threats to the communication environment in Russia as a result of a confrontation with the US and the EU, determination of the specifics and features of the domestic strategy of feedback from the authorities and society. Сomparative analysis, content analysis and event analysis were used as research methods. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) the use of the traditional feedback format (television, print media, personal meetings, Direct Line) as a key one is not enough to control the political agenda and maintain a loyal attitude of the people towards the elite; 2) the use of local Internet resources as communication platforms at different levels of government (for example, “Active Citizen” in Moscow, “Dobrodel” in the Moscow Region, at (“Russian Public Initiative” at the federal level) is effective, but due to low audience coverage is unable to influence the federal agenda and respond to global internal challenges; 3) as recommendations, it is proposed to introduce domestic social networks (VKontakte, Odnoklassniki) into the current strategy of feedback from the elite with the people, since this will, on the one hand, solve the problem of low audience coverage from existing Internet resources, raise the standards of openness and transparency of communication, involve the younger generation and on the other hand, to avoid the risks of interference by foreign corporations due to the "domestic origin" of the listed social networks.
Key words: communication, political elite, social networks, Internet resources, political agenda.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.015
S.V. VENTSEL Analyst of the National Center for Information Counteraction to terrorism and extremism in the educational environment and the Internet, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE SPACE OF NEW MEDIA: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL NUANCES
The author actualizes the problems of widespread extremist trends in the digital environment of new media. Extremist movements on the Internet function through the interactive production of destructive content and the introduction of destructive narratives into the thinking of users using cognitive distortions. It is noted that there is a need for a comprehensive approach to countering extremist trends, which involves the formation of positive narratives and full-fledged platforms for their dissemination.
Key words: new media, extremism, political radicalization, Internet communications, network communities, mediatized worlds, convergent culture, hate speech.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.016
VU THI HUONG Graduate student, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Tula State University, Tula, Russia
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN THE CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL PROCESS
The political Internet is an integral part of the modern information space. An important characteristic of global socially oriented electronic networks, which include information and communication resources of a political orientation, is their “focus on the promotion of certain ideas, emotional impact on citizens of the country and encouraging them to take political action, to develop public consent, accept and justify social political decisions in the context of multiple points of view in society”. The essence and purpose of the political Internet is the satisfaction of the political-informational and political-communication needs of the participants in the political process as a result of their interaction through special modern computer resources, software products and technologies. With the help of the Internet, it is possible to organize interaction with voters using services such as forums, chats, Internet conferences, e-mail, Internet voting, guest books. Thus, the Internet also performs a communication function during election campaigns.
Key words: technology, internet technologies, electoral campaign, electoral technologies, elections, digital polling stations, electronic voting.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.017
О.N. BASOV PhD Student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
INSTRUMENTS OF ELITE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER IN BUREAUCRATIC SYSTEMS WITH THE USE OF MEDIA
The political elite throughout the history of states determines the course of political processes. However, the strategies of the elite struggle for political power have long remained outside the field of attention of modern science. Since the time of Nicolo Machiavelli, who conducted the most comprehensive analysis of such strategies, the role of the mass communication in society has grown significantly. The aim of the research is to analyze the structure of the most common instruments of the elite struggle for political power with the use of media. The author is testing his own methodology for studying the structure of political strategies and actions - an instrumental approach. On the basis of various cases from this area, the most common tools are highlighted. Among them: publication of information compromising a political opponent; indirect criticism of a political opponent in the media; disclosure of a data source containing defamatory information about an opponent among other "big names"; creation of controlled media to promote the required agenda; disruption of decision-making through its early coverage; the use of linguistic and other methods of covering activities that create positive or negative associations with the actor. The goals, acting and target actors within the framework of the application of each instrument, the mechanism for achieving the goal with the help of the instrument are described. Possible variations and modifications of basic tools are given.
Key words: theory of elites, theory of bureaucracy, instrumental approach, intra-elite struggle.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.018
A.A. MASUEV Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
M.YU. MENDRITZKI Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTIVE MECHANISMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR COUNTERING POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
The article attempts to develop a set of measures aimed at countering political extremism in the Internet. To solve this problem, the author proposes to implement a two-component model. The first block of the model for countering political extremism in the information environment includes a set of measures aimed at diagnosing the manifestations of this socially dangerous activity; establishing the causes, consequences and conditions for its implementation; identifying channels of communication between extremist organizations and their target audiences, etc. The second block involves carrying out preventive work among the groups most exposed to the negative influence of political extremists and their ideas. Within the framework of this direction, educational work should be carried out in educational organizations; patriotic education of the younger generation; dialogue with public organizations, parties and religious movements; updating the regulatory framework and improving law enforcement practices in the field of countering political extremism.
However, in order to form a stable and self-replicating system of measures to counter extremism, it is necessary to establish a balance in the relations between the various political institutions. Along with restrictions and repressive measures, meaningful efforts of the authorities are required to form channels of communication with society. Finally, it seems necessary to reduce the emotional intensity of the materials of popular mass media, which often demoralize and radicalize the audience with their shocking statements and aggressive presentation of the material. A combination of reasonable restrictive measures, strict and unavoidable legal sanctions, educational work, monitoring and careful moderation of network resources can allow us to very effectively combat political extremism on the Internet.
Key words: political extremism, political communication, countering extremism, social networks, political conflicts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.019
S.S. SANCHAT Postgraduate, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Siberian Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
RESEARCH OF REGIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN MODERN RUSSIA: ACTUALITY AND PROSPECTS
The article considers the approaches to explaining the essence of the phenomena of the system, political system, the main approaches to the research of regional political systems in the Russian literature, the characteristic features of Russian regional research of the period 1990-1999, the content of Russian regional research of the period since 2000, the problematic positions in these research, including the identification of the concepts of political system and political regime, and the unification of the institutional design of regional political systems by federal law. The possible reason for leveling the importance of regional political systems in modern regional research is analyzed. As a result of the conducted analysis, it is established that today the institutional approach to the study of the political system is predominant in the Russian literature, which defines and distinguishes the institutions that form the political system of society, analyzes its structural elements. It is noted that when unifying the institutional component of regional political systems, researchers are now looking at the regional political regime rather than the regional political system. Based on the analysis, the author determines the importance of studying the political systems of the regions based not only on the institutional approach, but also on other approaches available in scientific practice.
Key words: Russia, political system, region, subject of the federation, political analysis.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.020
G.I. ISMOILOVA Teacher, Karshi state university, Karshi, Republic of Uzbekistan
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC REFORMS FOR SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
The article is devoted to the study of the spiritual and moral formation of the personality and the influence of economic reforms on this process. The article reveals the relationship between the economy and human spirituality. The nature of spirituality and morality as a social phenomenon is analyzed.
Key words: economic reforms, the spiritual image of the individual, the impact of economic reforms on the spiritual image of the individual, the change in the convictions of the individual, the change in the values and needs of the individual.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.021
K.A. PILYAGIN Post-graduate student of the North-Western Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia
ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF POLITICAL MECHANISMS FOR FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CULTURAL POLICY
Introduction. Culture is a key factor in state development, which contributes to the provision of such important criteria for state activities as sovereignty, economic prosperity and identity. In 2014, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy" began to operate, which set the strategic goals and objectives of the country in the field of formation and implementation of cultural policy. The presence of a number of problems in the socio-cultural sphere necessitates a deeper consideration and study of the mechanisms of cultural policy. Purpose. Analysis of the essence and content of political mechanisms for the formation and implementation of the cultural policy of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The following methods were used for the study: content analysis, literature review, classification, comparative analysis, systematic approach, formalization, hypothetical-deductive method. The materials used were actual online sources, literary sources and regulatory legal acts devoted to issues of cultural state policy. Findings. The mechanism for the formation and implementation of the state cultural policy is determined by the human model existing in a particular society. The combined use of neo-humanistic and simultaneous approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy is dictated by the purpose of cultural policy; it seems to be a global and universal phenomenon that underlies national security. In accordance with this, the activities of the subjects of cultural policy should be realized through neo-humanism and "vitality", which will contribute to the formation of a neo-humanistic personality.
Key words: cultural policy, state, society, political mechanisms, neo-humanistic personality.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.022
N.A. VORONINA Candidate of Sciences (law), Senior researcher at the Sector of Human Rights, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
МIGRANTS IN MOSCOW: CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND FACETS OF ETHNOPOLITICS
The article is devoted to problems of modern international migration in the context of Moscow city. Migration is seen as an important element of socio-economic, demographical and cultural life of the city, as the essential element of development of the region. The study analyzes the main determinants of migration, creation of new inner metropolis centers of attraction, realizing the potential of new territories, types of migration flows and characteristics of migrants. Effects and consequences of migration processes for urban economy and the role of migration in population formation of Moscow are identified. The article reviews the level of tolerance of Moscovites towards migrants and the problem of integration of ethnic migrants into urban society.
Key words: migration, labour migrants, Moscow population, workplaces, development of territories, urban planning, interethnic relations, adaptation and integration of migrants.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.023
S.K. ZHETPYSBAEV Ph.D. In Economics, associated Professor, Department of Management and Political Science, PSU named after S.M. Toraigyrov, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
ETHNOPOLITICS OF KAZAKHSTAN: TOWARDS UNITY THROUGH DIVERSITY
The article gives an analysis of the main principles of national policy, stages of development of state ethnopolitics are presented. The work shows the essence of the national question, national interests and national relations in the implementation of state national policy. Based on the analysis of more than twenty-five years of formation and development of an independent democratic state, the goal was to reveal the role of the Assembly of Kazakhstan people in implementing state ethnopolitics, strengthening the stability of civil society, peace, harmony and unity of the Kazakhstan people. It is analyzed the significance of the ethnopolitics of the state, in the formation of a unique nationwide institution of interethnic harmony – the Assembly of the Kazakhstan People, which had no analogues in world practice.
The article is devoted to the characteristics of the formation of the national model in the context of implementing the industrial and innovation policy of the republic in the conditions of active development of civil society and modernization of the political and economic system of the state.
The article reflects the personality of the Head of State N.A. Nazarbayev and it analyzes modern Kazakhstan's history of nation building, which allows to investigate the interconnection and interdependence of the whole range of driving forces of internal political processes, analyze the activity of the First President of the country in ensuring balanced development of Kazakhstan in the context of the growing unevenness of the world historical process. Based on the analysis of the post-Soviet period, Kazakhstan's path is revealed – a model of inter-ethnic and inter-confessional development aimed at strengthening peace, harmony and consolidation of civil society. The materials of the article highlight the peculiarity of the Kazakhstan model of interethnic tolerance and social consensus of the Nation Leader N.A. Nazarbayev, which became the brand of Kazakhstan, the moral imperative of Kazakhstan's policy, the methodology of ensuring stability and strengthening national unity.
Key words: nation, state, ethnos, culture, people, language, national policy, interethnic relations, national interests, sovereignty, independence, stability.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.024
A.A. TUSHKOV Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
A.I. DANILOVA Bachelor of International Relations and Law Department, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
THE ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT POTENTIAL OF MODERN CHINA
In this article the authors describe one of the topical issues which is the analysis of ethnopolitical conflict potential of modern China. As a result of the CPC’s prudent foreign and domestic policy, the country is influenced by huge political changes that can bring about key reforms and significantly impact on the establishment of the new world order. Under these circumstances the PRC experiences issues related to ethnopolitical conflicts. In addition, such problems characterize home-policy development of the country. Conflicts in Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region, Tibetan Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region etc. are strong examples of the rise of China’s conflict potential which is based on religious, ethnic, political and territorial tensions. This range of problems is the subject of the research conducted in this article.
Key words: People’s Republic of China, Sinocentrism, conflict in Xinjiang, Tibetan Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hong Kong.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.025
ALJARWAN MOHD KHIER JARWAN PhD (Political science), Moscow, Russia
CONFLICT RELATIONS OF IRAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS (CASE STUDY OF ISRAEL)
One of the strategic changes in Iran's foreign policy towards the Middle East is the transition of the Iranian-Israeli conflict from the Palestinian issue to the Syrian crisis. Prior to the Arab Spring, the conflict focused on the nuclear program and the Palestinian issue and its aspects. As a result of Iran's active participation in the Syrian crisis and the provision of various forms of military support to them, the Iranian-Israeli conflict has been transformed. Tracing events, we find that the conflict between Iran and Israel has developed in accordance with the changing situation on the Syrian scene.
Key words: Iran, Israel, Syrian Crisis, Iran-Israel Conflict.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.026
A.A. TUSHKOV Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
U.V. FEDORENKO PhD student in the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
CHINA'S PERIPHERAL DIPLOMACY AS A BASIS OF “COMMUNITY OF COMMON DESTINY” CONCEPT
In this article the authors study different aspects of the concept of "community of common destiny" proposed by China's political leader Xi Jinping as a common idea of creating a new type of international relations. According to the authors, this initiative has not gone beyond the attention of the international expert community or politicians, which is known as "peripheral diplomacy" of China. But the main thing is that the concept proposed by Xi Jinping has been confirmed in the development of various multilateral initiatives of continental scale and has served to form diplomacy based on the deep traditions and history of China.
Key words: concept of "Community of common destiny", China, Xi Jinping, "free and open Indo-Pacific" strategy, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.027
V.F. PRYAHIN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, International Relations Dept., RSHU; Professor, Diplomacy Dept., MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia
ON THE PRINCIPAL AND TACTICAL DIFFERENCES IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLICAN AND DEMAMOOKRATIC ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE USA
With the approach of the "Hundred Days" of the new US administration, the common features and differences in the foreign policy attitudes of the D. Trump and J. Biden’ teams are becoming more and more obvious ones. Comparing these attitudes and the practical steps of both administrations, the author of the article presented concludes that the "Byzantine games" of the Democrats may turn out to be more dangerous for Russia than Trump's straightforward power strategy, inclined to isolationism. In this context, the only rational alternative to both forceful pressure and the "Byzantine games" can only be a constructive dialogue aimed at the maintenance of the global strategic stability.
Key words: USA, Russia, China, foreign policy, information war, human rights, strategic stability, information war, color revolution, dialogue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.028
O.A. KHLOPOV PhD in Political Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Regional Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
TURKEY'S ENERGY SECURITY PROBLEMS
The article analyzes the problem of Turkey's energy security and the role of gas pipeline projects and their impact on Turkey's foreign policy. The growing consumption of natural gas in the world as a source of energy has made Turkey a strategically important partner in the world. Turkey plays a key role within the strategic Turkish Stream gas corridor. The author reveals the interests of Turkey in cooperation with Russia, the position taken by Turkey in relation to natural gas and energy security, examines Turkey's role as a transit country, in addition to its own growing domestic energy market, and uses the latest data on the geopolitics of the various pipelines that pass through Turkey. It was concluded that Turkey is becoming an energy center within the framework of its regional energy strategy, which is aimed to increase its status and influence in the world by expanding strategic cooperation in the field of energy with the EU, Russia and with neighboring countries.
Key words: energy security, foreign policy, hydrocarbon resources, geopolitics, Turkey, EU, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.029
M.E. RODIONOVA PR & GR Director of Celebrium Labs, Candidate of Social Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.A. NAZAROVA Deputy Director for Personnel, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
V.G. GIMALIEV Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Departament of foreign languages N2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
CURRENT TRENDS IN ELECTORAL PROCESSES IN THE EU COUNTRIES
The material considers such modern trends in the electoral processes of the European Union countries as migration, environmental and investment issues, gender policy as one of the key ones. The influence of Joseph Biden's coming to power in the USA is touched upon, an assessment of the competitive conditions of electoral processes in France, Germany, Italy, Poland and a number of other European countries is given.
Key words: electoral processes, EU, current trends, populism, migration, ecology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.030
E.E. КОCHETKOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FEDERALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF SOME ARAB COUNTRIES
The article examines the features of the formation and evolution of the territorial and political structure of the Arab states located in the Middle East and North Africa. The author demonstrates the features of the influence of the pre-colonial and colonial past of the Arab countries on the modern system of relations "Center – regions". Based on the study of the attempts of Saudi Arabia and Egypt to introduce elements of federalism into their political and legal practice, the author concluded that the regionalization and federalization of these states are aimed rather at solving tactical and competitive problems.
The formation and development of federalism is experiencing significant difficulties in this region due to the gravitation of these countries to authoritarian rule and the initial negative attitude towards the idea of federalism.
Key words: federalism, asymmetric federalism, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, regionalization, decentralization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.031
A.V. MOISEEV Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO REDUCE GLOBAL NUCLEAR THREATS: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE
The current international mechanisms do not fully meet the global nuclear challenges. Globalization processes have led to the fact that a scattered world with nuclear weapons and nuclear technologies has transformed into a qualitatively new geopolitical phenomenon – the "nuclear world", which has significantly changed the picture of global nuclear threats. Against the background of an increase in the intensity of crises in the world, the problem of finding new mechanisms of international cooperation that can reduce the level of global nuclear threats and ensure peaceful coexistence of humankind has become acute.
Key words: UN, NPT, nuclear weapons, international cooperation in the nuclear sphere, nuclear world, nuclear security, global nuclear threats.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.032
D.A. AVAKYAN Candidate of political sciences, senior lecturer of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
K.M. TROFIMOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONFLICT AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR RELATIONS IN THE UK
The article analyzes the regulation of labor relations and housing policy, and the resulting socio-political and economic relations between the state and workers in Great Britain in the XIX-XX centuries. The purpose of this article is to highlight the main stages in the development of factory legislation and in the formation of the working class as a political institution in England of the XIX-XX centuries. A detailed periodization of the process of forming labor relations in England of the XIX-XX centuries is also presented, which allows us to identify and determine the main stages of the development of this phenomenon.
Key words: Industrial revolution, Great Britain, working class, socio-political conflict, labor law, labor relations, housing issue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.033
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
A.R. MENAJDINOVA Master’s Degree student, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia
SPECIFICS OF REGULATION OF IMMIGRATION POLICY IN GERMANY AS A CONDITION OF POLITICAL STABILITY
One of the important aspects of the development of modern society has become a significant increase in immigration flows, which are becoming more and more regions and countries, and which, at the same time, have a significant impact not only on the processes of globalization, but also on regional integration. This leads to the need for the development of immigration policies by States, as well as measures of a collective and national nature in the field of asylum and border protection. One of the highest priority areas of immigration flows today is the European Union (EU), especially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), which is considered a classic immigration country and for this reason accepts a significant number of immigrants compared to other countries in Western Europe. This is what determines the nature of the implementation of Germany's immigration policy. The problem of integrating a large number of migrants into German society is a destabilizing factor in the political system and leads to an increase in the popularity of right-wing political parties.
Key words: immigration, migration policy, integration, political parties, political stability, Germany.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.034
O.V. SEMENOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
MUSICAL AND INFORMATIONAL SPACE OF THE MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF THE "SOFT POWER" OF THE STATE
The article examines the musical content of the global multicultural environment from the standpoint of an informational approach. The role of music in the political life of the state and in international relations in different periods of history has been investigated. Shows its educational, linguistic, communicative, protective and system-forming role. The perception of sound content through the sensory-emotional sphere characterizes it as a special technology of communication interaction. A significant role in using the rich potential of musical art is assigned both to the art sphere itself and to the system of additional and professional education as factors of "soft power".
Key words: soft power, culture, art, music, education, politics, intercultural communication, audio information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.035
ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE Assistant, department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences RUDN; Post-graduate student of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Cotonou, Benin
FEATURES OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC REFORMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN UNDER PRESIDENT PATRICE TALON (2016-2021)
The article is devoted to political and economic reforms in the Republic of Benin under President Patrice Talon. It starts with economic reforms to improve the business climate in the Republic of Benin and ends with the specifics of political reforms. The reforms in general cause discontent among the opposition, which is why the article talks about the importance of establishing a national dialogue.
Key words: political reforms, economic reforms, Republic of Benin, national dialogue, structural transformation, private sector.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.036
АGОNNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY Assistant of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Cotonou, Republic of Benin
SOUTH AFRICA, USA, BRICS: ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND POLITICAL CONFRONTATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE
The article examines the relations of the Republic of South Africa with the United States of America through the prism of economic cooperation in the conditions of political confrontation on the world stage. The author makes an assumption that despite the obvious signs of political confrontation on certain issues of the international agenda, South Africa is dynamically developing its economic cooperation with the United States, which illustrates the multi-vector nature of Pretoria's foreign policy.
Key words: South Africa, the United States, the UN Security Council, BRICS.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.037
M.A. SHOLKOVA Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy, third secretary of the Third department of CIS countries MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
JAPAN’S OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ASIAN PACIFIC REGION
The author examines Japan’s official development assistance through the prism of the UN sustainable development goals. According to the analysis, Japan focuses its support mainly on the Asian-Pacific region.
Key words: Japan’s official development assistance, sustainable development of Asian Pacific region, UN sustainable development goals, official development assistance, Japan, APR.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.038
O.N. POLTAVTSEVA Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THREATS AND PROSPECTS OF NEW MEDIA IN FOREIGN POLICY OF MODERN STATES IN POST-COVID-19 PERIOD
This article aims to explain the potential for the COVID‐19 pandemic to impact on international relations and the foreign policies of modern states. Since the beginning of the coronavirus crisis, The WTO, the UN General Assembly, governments and Ministries of foreign affairs were out of session. While physical diplomacy was under quarantine, governments, politicians have launched new media campaigns that feature their coronavirus-related activities. The new media have become as an effective tool of foreign policy in modern states. The findings reveal, the COVID‐19 pandemic is often described as a “crisis”, from a political perspective, is exacerbating real or perceived threats of media space.
Key words: COVID-19, crisis, foreign policy, Italy, immigration, new media, populism, Twitter, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.039
EBRU BIRINCI PhD Student, Department of Comparative Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CHANGING ROLE OF ISRAEL IN THE RUSSIAN MIDDLE EASTERN POLICY
This paper discusses Israel's changing role in the Russian Middle Eastern policy during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Israel has occupied a peculiar place in Russian foreign policy, including the Soviet period. The Soviet-Israeli relations were firmly subordinated to the Soviet-Western competition and were hostile given that Israel was an ally of the Capitalist Bloc. The Soviet relations with regional Arab countries created more antagonism between the USSR and Israel, which eventually restricted Soviet influence in the Middle East. The Russian Federation, abandoning the ideological foreign policy of the USSR, re-established diplomatic relations and developed stable relations in the social, political, and economic levels with Israel. Despite the changing nature of Russian-Israeli relations, Israel's affinity to the West, notably the US, has remained critical for the Russian Middle Eastern policy and maintaining its influence in the region. Since the Russian operation in Syria in 2015, its leverage increased not only in Syria but also in Israel, within the context of decreasing American interest in the region. It will be concluded that although Israel's image as a Western ally has not changed in Russia since the Cold War, it has not worsened the Russian-Israeli relations like during the Cold War; on the contrary, Israel has become an important vector of Russian multilateral policy in the Middle East.
Key words: Russian Middle Eastern Policy, Israel, the Middle East, Russia, the USSR, the West.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.040
SOHRAB BARYA PhD student, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN: RUSSIA'S POLICY IN THE REGION
The article examines Russia's current policy in Afghanistan, taking into account the strategic, historical and geopolitical features of the region and the country's interests. The growing importance of Russia as a guarantor of the negotiation process between all the warring actors, a wide range of political parties and armed groups inside Afghanistan, including the Taliban movement, has been proved.
Russia has proposed the "Moscow Format" of interaction between regional powers, which is designed to develop a consensus on the settlement of the conflict. One of the key goals of Russia is to strengthen the strategic position in the region, protect the southern borders and withdraw the US army from the country. The main geopolitical tracks that Russia will develop and promote to stabilize the situation in South and Central Asia are highlighted.
Key words: Afghanistan, Russia's policy in Afghanistan, "Taliban", stability, regional security, civil war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.041
ZHENG YI Doctoral candidate of the Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ENERGY SECURITY – PRICE COMPETITION BETWEEN RUSSIA, USA AND KSA
On April 9, 2020, with the direct diplomatic mediation of D. Trump, an agreement was successfully reached, which became a key event in maintaining global energy security, which was threatened by two forces: a collapse in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the oil war between Russia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , which together plunged the oil market into crisis. A multinational coalition dedicated to a significant reduction in world oil production was implemented under the new agreement: countries pledged to keep oil production rates within 9.7 million barrels of oil per day. From July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, the total agreed adjustment will be 8.0 MB / d. This will be followed by an adjustment of 6.0 mb / d for a period of 16 months, from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022. The agreement will be valid until April 30, 2022, but its extension will be considered in December 2021. The agreement, designed to solve the problem of growing oil surplus, today represents the only hope for stabilizing the situation on the international energy market, however, there are many latent aspects of it, testifying to new threats to world energy security that may come from Saudi Arabia.
The combined pressure from the new “peak demand” scenario, along with the weakening of the influence of OPEC due to the commercial orientation of national oil companies, will essentially destroy everything that remains of the “structure” of the oil market and will mark the beginning of a new oil era.
Key words: KSA, USA, Russia, oil war, COVID-2019, energy crisis, oil.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.042
M.I. KRASNOV Master of the Faculty of Economics, Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov (Tula branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics), Tula, Russia
P.D. BURLAKOV Bachelor of Political Science Faculty, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
M.V. KOZLENKO Bachelor of Applied Political Science, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
PARTICIPATION OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE GENERAL RUSSIAN VOTE ON THE APPROVAL OF AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: VALUE ATTITUDES AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
The article presents data from a study of the perception of the "General Russian vote on the issue of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation" among young people. Many attempts have been made in this work to determine the value attitudes, hypotheses, reasons and factors of the electoral behavior of young people during the vote amending the Constitution in 2020. The process of forming value attitudes and their influence on electoral behavior was investigated. A comparative analysis of the attitudes of young people and the semantic content of the proposed amendments are carried out. Moreover, the factors of choosing a strategy of political behavior by student youth were determined and the socio-political consequences of constitutional changes were predicted. In the course of the study, 3 in-depth interviews (only students participated in a focus group) and a public opinion survey were conducted using the methodology of a standardized software online survey with a sample of 500 respondents with representativeness by gender and region of residence.
Key words: socio-political moods, electoral behavior, student youth, values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.043
D.S. STEPANKOVA Bachelor's degree student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.D. ТARASOCHKINA Bachelor's degree student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN FEDERALISM AND THEIR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 2020 US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
The United States is one of the first modern states to seriously approach the development of a federal structure, both at a theoretical and practical level. This article reveals the implementation of the fundamental principles of American federalism in the US presidential elections in 2020, based on the significant political and theoretical work – "Federalist" A. Hamilton and J. Madison. The purpose of this work is to analyze the historical and theoretical foundations of federal relations and their practical implementation for the US presidential elections in 2020. In the course of the work, the following tasks were completed: identification of the historical, institutional and social factors of the existence of the federation in the United States; the definition of federalism is given; revealed the historical and theoretical principles of American federalism in the work "Federalist"; the practical implementation of the fundamental foundations of the American Federation in the 2020 presidential elections is considered. The authors used the following research methods – analysis, synthesis, deduction method, formal-logical method, for private consideration of individual aspects of the topic we touched upon, the historical and formal-legal method were applicable, for the analysis of the electoral process in different states, the comparative method was widely used. Having completed the tasks assigned to us, we received the following result – we examined the practical implementation of the historical and theoretical principles of American federalism for the 2020 US presidential elections. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made: the ongoing changes in the size, ethnic and religious composition of the population of the states had a serious impact on the electoral behavior of specific states in the 2020 presidential elections. And it was the balance of political preferences of different states that played a decisive role, not just the total number of votes cast for the Democratic candidate.
Key words: american federalism, USA, elections, president, principles of federalism, D. Trump, J. Biden, voting, states, electors.
REFLECTIONS ON THE READ
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.044
D.E. SLYZOVSKIY Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Moscow, Russia
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN ILHAM ALIYEV: SOMEONE WHO INSPIRED CONFIDENCE?
(Review of the article by Ulker Mastaf kyzy Mehdiyeva “The Image of a Political Leader in the Historical Context (on the example of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev»)
The review article critically analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the current problem of political leadership in political science. The author of the review emphasizes the originality of approach taken by Ulker Mastaf kyza Mehdieva's and even of the title of the stated research topic “The image of a political leader in the context of history (on the example of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev”), as well as the scientific significance of this kind of research for the post-Soviet political space.
Key words: image of a political leader, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, the Karabakh conflict, historical context.
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 11, Issue 2 (66), 2021
CONTENTS
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
Aymaletdinov A.A. State-Confessional Relations: the Problem of Terminology and Classification of Basic Models
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Medvedev N.P. Local Self-Government in the Context of the Political Sociology Research Paradigm
Goncharov P.K., Medvedev V.N. To the Issue of Legitimacy of Power: the Socio-Political Aspect
Popov S.I., Shoshich M. Formation and Development of Political Consciousness in Serbia at the Modern Stage
Boykuzieva G.Kh. Socio-Political Role of Women in Public Administration
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Мorozov S.I., Маkarenko K.M. Technologies for Regulating Destructive Forms of Protest Activity in Modern Russia
Bragin A.D. Political and Philosophical Aspects of Migration
Denisenko P.V. "Nudging" in the Age of Big Data: New Opportunities for Public Administration
Kruglyakov D.A. Parliamentary Institute in the Public Sphere of Modern Society: Features of Functioning and Positioning
Kuznetsov E.A. Transformation of Space Activities: the Doctrine of the “New Cosmos”
Ovchinnikov P.S., Nechay E.E., Sakhnenko A.S. Product Management in the Political Field
Salimov D.M. Mechanisms of Implementation of the Political Regime of Censorship and Control over the Media in Modern Tajikistan
Tashchilin A.L. Social Origin as a Basis for Forming Political Elites in Modern China
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
Sabirova N.S. The Genotype of Russia's Political Culture as a Special Factor in its Development
Iurchikov N.V. Civil Identity in Modern Political Culture of Indonesia: National Unity or Ideological Conflict?
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
Tushkov A.A., Tushkov A.A. The Evolution of the U.S. Military Presence in the Asia-Pacific Region
Niklaus A.A. On the Question of the Sixth State Reform in Belgium: History and Results
Tushkov A.A., Chernikova E.M. Transforming Japan's Political and Cultural Identity: from Tradition to Modernity
Mekhdieva U.M. The Image of a Political Leader in the Context of History (on the Example of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev)
Sharshebaeva T.A., Sarieva D.S. Evolutionary Development of Personnel Policy in Kyrgyzstan
Shangaraev R.N. Formation of Conceptual Approach of Turkish Foreign Policy in Central Asia
Urper Mehmet. Perspevtives for the Development of Russian-Turkish Relations
Qambarov Sh.K. Modernization of Education Systems in Uzbekistan: Problems and Solutions
Boymatov F.Z. Prospects for the Development of Tourism in Uzbekistan
Askerova E.F. The Kurdish Issue in US-Turkey Relations
Van Czin'hujej. China's Foreign Policy in the Far East: Problems and Prospects
Egorov I.S. Progress in the Normalization of Relations Between Qatar and the Arab "Quartet" Led by Saudi Arabia: Causes and Prospects
Sarsembaev N.V. Internal, Regional and Global Aspects of the Development and Resolution of the Syrian Conflict
Kuzmichev A.A. System of International Relations as a Definition in Modern Political Theory
Fan Tianyang, Bogolyubova N.M. Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea: the Positions of the Conflicting Parties
Budnik A.I., Grigorieva T.V., Kan A.A. The Current State of the Kuril Problem
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.001
A.A. AYMALETDINOV Institute of Asian and African Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science of the East, Moscow, Russia
STATE-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS: THE PROBLEM OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC MODELS
The article examines the problem of the theoretical foundations of the typologization of models of state-confessional relations, analyzes the scientific literature devoted to this problem. The general criteria of typology, found in the domestic scientific literature, are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that, from a formal legal point of view, the principle of separation of religious organizations from the state is a fundamental criterion, and state-confessional relations in modern Russia are developing in a multi-vector direction.
Key words: state-confessional relations, state confessional policy, religious associations, domestic policy.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.002
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of the Presidential Administration for Work with Territories (1993-1994), Moscow, Russia
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY RESEARCH PARADIGM
The article under review attempts to assess the scientific significance of the problem of the development of the institution of local self-government in the conditions of centralization of power in modern Russia. The article describes the basic principles of the organization and functioning of local self-government on the basis of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the Constitution of the Russian Federation. As a part of the discussion, the article raises the question of criteria for evaluating local self-government bodies and their effectiveness by higher-level government structures in the context of the fact that “local self-government bodies are not part of the system of state authorities in Russia.”
Key words: local self-government, public authority institution, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of local government, Russian Constitution, European Charter of Local Self-Government.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.003
P.K. GONCHAROV Doctor of Sciences (sociology), Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia
V.N. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Sciences (law), Associate Professor, the MIGS Ranepa, Moscow, Russia
TO THE ISSUE OF LEGITIMACY OF POWER: THE SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECT
In the review article, the authors attempt to analyze the content of E. N. Primova’s article “On the Crisis of the Legitimacy of Power” and expand the context of the research problem of the legitimacy of power through the prism of society's assessment of the state of political stability. Emphasizing the scientific significance of the stated problem, the article discusses the profound changes in the state power systems in the conditions of information openness and globalization.
Key words: legitimacy of power, public assessment, political stability, crisis phenomena, information openness, globalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.004
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
M. SHOSHICH Master, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN SERBIA AT THE MODERN STAGE
In this study, through the prism of the concept of political consciousness, the distinctive features of the formation and development of the political consciousness of the population of Serbia at the present stage are identified. In the article, the authors consider the basic values and attitudes of the citizens of Serbia, analyze the factors that influence the formation of the political consciousness of this country. The paper presents the problem areas and aspects of the development of political consciousness in Serbia, and suggests ways to overcome them.
Key words: consciousness, political consciousness, political stability, Serbia, ideology, political processes, democracy, political technologies, political culture, political system, political institutions, democracy, mass media.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.005
G.Kh. BOYKUZIEVA Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Kokand, Republic of Uzbekistan
SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE OF WOMEN IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
In every democratic state, there is an institution that is designed to solve problems related to the life of the entire society conducting managerial work and rationalizing relations between all subjects (objects). The creation and functioning of such institution does not depend on the will of an individual or a group (political party), it becomes the main actor in the socio-political process in accordance with the expression of the subjects acting in the society as a whole and expressing their diverse interests. Its activities, laws and decisions are binding for the society, since it is the people (the voters) who give it the authority to adopt regulations that apply to the society as a whole. Without knowing the immanent laws of the supreme body of the state power, the specifics of its activities, it is difficult to understand the socio-political role in its activities of its subjects in general, including women. The article analyzes and highlights the socio-political role of women in public administration.
Key words: public administration, women, socio-political role of women, political party, parliament, elections, government, political activity.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.006
S.I. МOROZOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of international relations, political science and regional studies, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia
K.М. МАKARENKO Senior Lecturer at the Chair of international relations, political science and regional studies, Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia
TECHNOLOGIES FOR REGULATING DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF PROTEST ACTIVITY IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article presents the author's analysis of destructive forms of protest activity, as well as technologies and methods used by the authorities to regulate and minimize these practices. Purpose of the study: to highlight and systematize technologies for regulating and (or) minimizing destructive forms of protest activity in modern Russia. As a methodological basis for the study, the approach of "competitive politics" by Charles Tilly was chosen, which made it possible to present public protests as mechanisms for changing the status quo in the political space of Russia. The main research method was the analysis of specific cases (case-study), which made it possible, based on the study of particular cases, to form a system of technologies used by the Russian authorities at the federal, regional and local levels to regulate destructive protests. Recent years in Russia have been marked by an increase in mass and audience coverage of protests, in connection with which the authorities have actualized the problem of preserving the established "rules of the game" and developing strategies to combat destructive manifestations of protest that can harm the individual, state and society. Within the framework of this article, on the basis of the practice of using various tools and methods of regulation and minimization of destructive forms of protests used by the authorities in modern Russia, three types of technologies used were identified: repressive (violent); administrative and legal; political and communicative. The use of certain technologies is determined by the nature of the confrontation within the framework of "competitive politics", the level of resources available for mobilization and the level of trust in the representatives of the authorities and the opposition.
Key words: political protest, destructive protest, technologies of countering protest, public space, political process in modern Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.007
A.D. BRAGIN PhD Student, Junior researcher of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF MIGRATION
This article presents an analysis of the concept of migration in the context of political, philosophical and social synergetic. The essence of modern migration processes, socio-political and philosophical bases of migration are considered. This paper presents the systematization and identification of common points between politics and migration processes in the context of their philosophical comprehension. We are interested how strong and in what way are politics and philosophy interlinked in the migration process. It is determined that in the analysis of modern migration processes an important role is played not only by political, but also by philosophical methodologies, which have a clear theoretical relationship. The main conceptual aspects of the migration process and the influence of political and philosophical factors are highlighted. The essence of political and philosophical approaches in the study of migration is revealed.
Key words: migration, politics, philosophy, society, adaptation, culture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.008
P.V. DENISENKO Postgraduate student at the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
"NUDGING" IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
In this paper the author examines the application of behavioral technologies in modern public administration. The article analyses the use of nudge technologies as one of the widespread behavioral approaches to the public policy. The technology is based on the “choice architecture” that is designed to change people's behavior without administrative or economic pressure and is based on the irrationality of human behavior, numerous cognitive biases as well as the heuristics that a person uses in the decision-making process. According to the expert interviews, there are five categories of big user data: economic, social, physical, personal and behavioral. An analysis of these data helps to identify significant patterns in his behaviour and decision-making process. Since nudge technologies are based on the irrationality of people’s nature, their effectiveness increases significantly in combination with big data technologies. Thus, the author concludes that Big Data technologies make a great transformative impact on behavioral tools of public administration.
Key words: Big Data, behavioural economy, nudge, public administration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.009
D.A. KRUGLYAKOV Postgraduate student, Political Analysis Department, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Assistant to the Deputy, State Duma, Moscow, Russia
PARLIAMENTARY INSTITUTE IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE OF MODERN SOCIETY: FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND POSITIONING
In world practice, the institution of parliamentarism has become the most popular people's representative in the public sphere. For a long time, this institution has been the embodiment of democratic values in society. By providing an opportunity for representation and interaction of different social strata, parliaments contribute to the development of the public sphere. Despite the fact that this is one of the most important branches of power, some scientists in recent years have noted a significant crisis, in the legitimacy of this institution as the most important representative authority in order to understand better the ongoing crisis processes, we will consider some dysfunctional features and factors that contribute to the strengthening of negative trends in the perception of representative power by citizens at all levels of public administration. The article concludes that in the countries with the most visible manifestation of these dysfunctions, parliaments gradually lose contact with the public in adoption of laws and other political decisions making.
Key words: institution of parliamentarism, dysfunctions, public sphere, representative democracy, crisis of legitimacy, civil structures.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.010
Е.А. KUZNETSOV Postgraduate student at the Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF SPACE ACTIVITIES: THE DOCTRINE OF THE “NEW COSMOS”
The article is devoted to an overview of foreign and Russian approaches to the definition and content of the "new space" phenomenon. The author offers his own terminology and analyzes the main characteristics of the "new space" as a contemporary model of commercial space activities based on innovative technologies and private ownership.
Key words: space activity, New Space, USA, NASA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.011
P.S. OVCHINNIKOV A bachelor of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Е.Е. NECHAY Academic Advisor, Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.S. SAKHNENKO Graduate student of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
PRODUCT MANAGEMENT IN THE POLITICAL FIELD
The paper attempts to study the implementation of Product management technology in the political sphere. The concept of the political market allows you to describe the candidate, the party, their software products in terms of marketing, and therefore makes it possible to use marketing technologies in the activities of political consultants and political technologists. In the context of studying the Product management discipline, the authors analyze the value of the product manager's competencies in the activities of political leaders and political technologists. The authors conclude that Product management is a subject at the intersection of several disciplines that will give political strategists and politicians important knowledge from business management, the electoral process, and also forms a number of key soft-skills that are necessary for working in the profession in the modern world.
Key words: Product management, product management, political technologies, marketing technologies, political technologist.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.012
D.M. SALIMOV Applicant for the Department of Political Management, Faculty of Political Science Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
MECHANISMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLITICAL REGIME OF CENSORSHIP AND CONTROL OVER THE MEDIA IN MODERN TAJIKISTAN
The article analyzes the mechanisms of formation of the political regime of censorship and control over the media in the information field of modern Tajikistan. It is noted that the political regime of censorship and control over the media in Tajikistan prevented the flow of information attacks and thereby created an information space in which all the rules are dictated by the authorities. The mechanisms of implementation of the political regime of censorship and control over various types of media are determined, depending on their position in relation to the authorities. The article reveals the peculiarity of the political regime of censorship and control over the media, which consists in the fact that it is based on both legal and extra-legal mechanisms of pressure on information spaces. The study of the situation in the information field of Tajikistan allows the author to conclude that the political regime of censorship and control over the media is focused on total control over information resources in order to ensure information security and stability of the personalist authoritarian regime, which seeks to be supported through the system of political censorship and control over the media.
Key words: power, political regime, mass media, political censorship, authoritarian regime, Tajikistan, information security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.013
A.L. TASHCHILIN Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL ORIGIN AS A BASIS FOR FORMING POLITICAL ELITES IN MODERN CHINA
In this paper, the author examines the social origin of the composition of the highest political elite of the PRC. As part of the study, in order to supplement the database of the political elite of modern China, the author analyzed the biographies of representatives of the highest political elite of the PRC of the last three generations (1989-2020) for geographic and social origin. In particular, the author identified the proportion of representatives of the elites who come from families of peasants, workers, military, intellectuals, and found out from which provinces the largest number of high-ranking Chinese politicians come from. The results obtained make it possible to identify the main trends in the dynamics of the social and geographical origin of representatives of the highest authorities in China.
Key words: China, political elites, political elite transformation, social backgrounds of political elites.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.014
N.S. SABIROVA Cand. Sci. (Pol. Sci.), Moscow Region State University, Mytishchi, Russia
THE GENOTYPE OF RUSSIA'S POLITICAL CULTURE AS A SPECIAL FACTOR IN ITS DEVELOPMENT
This article examines the peculiarities of the origin and development of the political culture of Russia from Ancient Russia to its present day. The main goal is a detailed justification of the nature, structure and functions of political culture, implemented in a certain historical period on the territory of the Russian state, its systematic formation and influence on the perception of the consciousness of the subjects. The author notes that under the influence of historical events and the progressiveness of society itself, the structural mechanisms of political culture are updated and take a more perfect form, which corresponds to a new stage of the formation of the state, which, in fact, the political culture of Russia has experienced. Coordinating within society, providing it with socio-political conditions and opportunities within the framework of the current political regime and in the form of the existing social and economic system of the state, it forms a stable system of public views. The evolutionary path of Russia's political culture can be described as a transition from the traditional archaic to the patriarchal autocratic system, from ideological communism to the liberal legal system. Thus, the form of political culture depends on the state system, and the transformation of its mechanisms is also influenced by institutional and cultural changes. At present, Russia is more likely to see a mixed political culture, focused on citizenship and patriarchal-citizenship orientation. For its transition to a full type of democracy, more time is needed, and its duration depends on the economic stabilization in the country and on new programs that strengthen contacts between the government and society.
Key words: political culture, genotype, state, evolution, traditional-archaic culture, patriarchy, transformation, autocracy, communist ideology, democracy, system, power, structure, reformer, monarch, Kievan Rus, Soviet Union, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.015
N.V. IURCHIKOV Institute of Asian and African Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science of the East, Moscow, Russia
CIVIL IDENTITY IN MODERN POLITICAL CULTURE OF INDONESIA: NATIONAL UNITY OR IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT?
The development of civil identity is an important factor in the democratization of Indonesia and the consolidation of Indonesian society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the political involvement of Indonesian citizens in political movements, as well as to assess the ideological component of socio-political relations in modern Indonesia. The study demonstrates the current level of political divisions in Indonesian society, which has led to significant state changes.
Key words: civil society, democratization, political culture, reforms, Indonesia.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.016
A.A. TUSHKOV PhD student in the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. TUSHKOV Professor of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
THE EVOLUTION OF THE U.S. MILITARY PRESENCE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
In order to "assert democracy," the United States moved away from the practice of the previous two decades, when the emphasis was on the ability of the U.S. military to perform police functions in weak states. Analysis of the U.S. military and political presence in the Asia-Pacific post-World War II allows us to fully follow the evolution of this process, from the creation of the Japanese-American military-political partnership in the 1960s to the construction of the Japanese-American concept of the "Free and Open Indo-Pacific Region" (SOITR).
Key words: Indo-Pacific, Asia-Pacific, China, USA, USPACOM.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.017
A.A. NIKLAUS Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Intellectual Property Management, Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow, Russia
ON THE QUESTION OF THE SIXTH STATE REFORM IN BELGIUM: HISTORY AND RESULTS
The article deals with the problems of Belgian federalism. Considering the fact that Belgium is a rather diverse, and sometimes even contradictory country in terms of ethnolinguistic groups inhabiting it. Which, in turn, creates the basis for all sorts of conflicts. Therefore, the analysis of state reforms in the field of federalism showed us that the constitutional and institutional framework in which political forces can interact is a very effective measure in the prevention and settlement of ethnolinguistic conflicts.
At the same time, the sixth state reform in Belgium is quite specific. A comprehensive study of specific government measures implemented during the sixth state reform has shown us that the territorial issue and territorial claims are still important in modern conditions. And that only taking into account the intraregional optimization and reform of the territorial space is it possible to achieve ethnolinguistic equilibrium. In Belgium, this happened as a result of the division of the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde district.
A special place in the article is given to the analysis of the local level of organization of political power in Belgium – the communes, since in the conditions of a dispersed linguistic settlement of the population, it is the municipal government that is able to prevent conflicts, but only with sufficiently transparent and targeted funding.
Along with the author's analysis of the sixth state reform in Belgium, the author presents his own position of assessing the effectiveness of this reform.
Key words: region, Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels, Belgium, federalism, state space, territorial structure, regional policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.018
A.A. TUSHKOV Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
E.M. CHERNIKOVA Bachelor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
TRANSFORMING JAPAN'S POLITICAL AND CULTURAL IDENTITY: FROM TRADITION TO MODERNITY
In this article, the authors explore the problems of the political and cultural identity of Japanese society. According to the authors of the article, in the face of constant threats from the growing processes of globalization, identity in Japan is a factor of national self-determination. The issue of preserving Japan's national and cultural identity, which is one of the key problems of modern Japanese society, has its own specificity, different from the societies of other countries. The authors show which aspects contribute to the successful adaptation of traditional Japanese society to modernizing innovations from the "outside world" and, as a result, to the successful development of the country and to strengthen its status in the international arena in the post-Westphalian era.
Key words: Japan, political and cultural identity, globalization, post-secular era, modern.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.019
U.M. MEKHDIEVA Phd in History, Senior Lecturer, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
THE IMAGE OF A POLITICAL LEADER IN THE CONTEXT OF HISTORY
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN ILHAM ALIYEV)
The goal of the article is to consider the image of a modern political leader in the context of a particular historical event that led to his popularity among the general public. To achieve this goal, the image of the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev was analyzed, in the context of the Second Karabakh war, which ended with the victory of Azerbaijan. The author studied in detail the main components of the image, which increased the trust in the President among the absolute majority of the country's population. Particular attention was paid to the speeches of Ilham Aliyev during the war, both in local and foreign media. Among the general scientific methods used by the author are study, situational analysis, and induction. In conclusion, the author identified the factors that most affect the positive perception of the image of the politician by the masses.
Key words: image, mass media, Ilham Aliyev, The Republic of Azerbaijan, Second Karabakh war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.020
T.A. SHARSHEBAEVA Scientific Secretary, Center for Political Science research and expertise NAS KR, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
D.S. SARIEVA Department of "State, municipal service and management ", Bishkek States University them. K.K. Karasaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL POLICY IN KYRGYZSTAN
The article presents an analysis of the evolution of personnel policy in Kyrgyzstan in the context of political science, which presents the theoretical positions and views of the authors who studied the specified scientific issues through the prism of Soviet scientific doctrine, and in a later period, since the collapse of the USSR and the sovereignty of new states. During the analysis, it is noted that the construction of new social relations required the institutionalization of new, in essence and content, approaches to public service, the implementation of personnel policy. The aspect of updating the conceptual approaches to the process of reforming the civil service system in Kyrgyzstan at the present stage is also being updated.
Key words: personnel policy, doctrine, concept, state, evolution, civil service, methodology, public administration, sovereignization, principles of organization, periodization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.021
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D, associate professor, Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia Federation, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF CONCEPTUAL APPROACH OF TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA
The end of the Cold War and the disappearance of the Soviet threat, which for a long time determined the policy of the countries of the Western bloc and their allies, became a new period for Turkey as a player in the international arena. On the one hand, the possibility of capitalizing on the use of a new field for maneuver in the changing international system, and the need to prevent the creation of an even greater threat of conflict in the current uncertainty, on the other, forced Turkey to abandon the old model of foreign policy behavior.
Key words: Turkey, foreign policy, Central Asia, T. Ozal, R. Erdogan, Justice and Development Party, Concept of "zero problems with neighbors", A. Davutoglu.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.022
URPER MEHMET Candidate of Political Sciences, Lecturer, Assistant at the Chair of International relations in the post-soviet space, Faculty of International Relations, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
PERSPEVTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS
At the center of this scientific work is the concept of interdependence, extremely important for the modern system of international relations, through the prism of which the author tries to determine the main components of the foreign policy of modern Turkey and Russia, based on the doctrine of “strategic depth.” The author also tries to demonstrate the reflection and manifestation of such vision in the relations between the two countries. The main purpose of this article is to explore modern Russian-Turkish relations through the prism of Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of world-system analysis, especially emphasizing the general conceptual reorientation of relations between Russia and Turkey at the present stage. For the first time, the article presents a historical overview of the key aspects of Russian-Turkish relations after the end of the Cold War using descriptive, analytical, inductive, deductive and comparative methods, it also defines the current vision of foreign policy by these countries proceeding from the basic principles of the “geostrategic depth” doctrine. The article also analyzes the main parameters of the political, economic, cultural, educational and religious components of Turkish-Russian relations and, in particular, the influence of Islam on the dimension of relations between Russia and Turkey, both in the post-Soviet space and in the Middle East region. As a result, this article presents the foreign policy of the two states at the beginning of the XXI century as reflecting the economic trends in the relations between Turkey and Russia, and emphasizes the degree of influence of geopolitical and socio-cultural factors on the relations between the two countries. The author specially stresses that relations between Russia and Turkey at the present stage develop in the presence in the international relations such trends as, on the one hand, interdependence, and, on the other hand, mutual competition and rivalry as well as an increased political role of the Islamic factor as a defining landmark in the current development of political processes in the Middle East.
Key words: Russia, Turkey, Islam, Russian world, pan-Turkism, geoculture, Middle East, geo-strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.023
SH.K. QAMBAROV Lecturer, Chair of social sciences, Karshi State University, city of Karshi, Republic of Uzbekistan
MODERNIZATION OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
This article is devoted to modern trends in the development of the national education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the era of globalization. The process of reforming the education system in Uzbekistan is considered. The author has made an attempt to generalize the most important and noteworthy approaches to the modernization of educational policy.
Key words: modernization, development, national system, education.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.024
F.Z. BOYMATOV Post-graduate student working for the doctoral degree (PhD) at the Uzbek State University of World Languages, city of Kokand, Republic of Uzbekistan
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN
We know from history that the position, prestige and foreign policy of each country are based on the high spirituality and culture of its people. Indeed, the experience of the peoples of the world shows that where the state and society are developed, people have enough opportunities to live in peace and tranquility, with a noble and great future as the highest goal. It also ensures sustainable development, an environment of free thinking and, on this basis, new opportunities for spiritual growth. The main goal of the reforms carried out in Uzbekistan in many areas is the comprehensive development of the country and the further improvement of the people's living conditions.
Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the economy. It is necessary to further improve this area, effectively using existing opportunities as needed. The article discusses the prospects for the development of tourism in Uzbekistan and the use of international experience.
Key words: tourism, cultural relations, tourist and cultural organizations, pilgrimage tourism, ecological, educational, ethnographic, gastronomic tourism, public-private partnership.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.025
E.F. ASKEROVA PhD student, Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
THE KURDISH ISSUE IN US-TURKEY RELATIONS
The article analyzes the main components of the formation of foreign policy interaction between the United States and Turkey. It is noted that at various stages of development, the long-standing Kurdish problem is used by the United States as an element of control and influence on regional politics. The non-intervention strategy, the encouragement of actions used by the United States, are volatile and depend on the development of events in Syria, Iraq, Iran. The Turkish government under the leadership of the AKP (Justice and Development Party) intended to solve the Kurdish problem with a conciliatory approach, not a confrontational one. The party rejected the dead-end policy of the Kemalist government regarding the conflict. However, the collapse of the emerging peace process in September 2014, which followed the spread of the Syrian civil war and the events surrounding the Kurdish city of Kobane in northern Syria, reduced the chances of a peaceful resolution of the Kurdish issue, likely ending any potentially productive dialogue between AKP and militant Kurds. The purpose of this article is to study the government's policy towards the Kurdish population of Turkey from the beginning to the Kurdish referendum in Iraq and the consequences of the regionalization of the Kurdish issue in Turkey. In particular, the military events in Syria led to the failure and subsequent return of government policy to the old, confrontational approach.
Over the past five years, there have been dramatic shifts in US and Turkish policy towards Kurdish political and military actors, both in Turkey itself and in neighboring Syria and Iraq. These shifts have been triggered by a complex convergence of domestic political trends in Turkey and a rapidly changing regional landscape. During this period, Turkey's policies ranged from engaging with Kurdish players in pursuit of peaceful rapprochement to harsh domestic repression and military intervention abroad. Meanwhile, the United States has gradually abandoned its previous policy of non-intervention against Kurdish non-state actors and adopted a temporary interim policy of engaging with left-wing Kurdish elements in Syria, guided primarily by the tactical military requirements of a targeted campaign to eradicate the Islamic State (IS).
Key words: Turkey, USA, Kurds, Kurdistan Workers' Party, Syria, Iran, Iraq.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.026
VAN CZIN'HUJEJ Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE FAR EAST: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
The reversal of Russia's policy towards Asia has intensified in connection with the "sanctions standoff" with Western countries led by the United States. An important region of interaction between Russia and the countries of the East is the Russian Far East, and the main partner of Russia in the Asian region is the People's Republic of China. At the same time, China has and conducts an independent foreign policy regarding this border region, aimed at promising solutions to problems in the field of ecology, demography, geopolitics, economy and security. Thus, the purpose of this article is to identify the place and role of the Russian Far East in China's foreign policy. As research tasks: characterization of the uniqueness of the Far Eastern region of Russia in the system of international relations, the study of the features of China's foreign policy. The subject of the study is the policy of the People's Republic of China in the Far East.
Key words: foreign policy, People's Republic of China, Far East, Asia-Pacific, East Asia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.027
I.S. EGOROV Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PROGRESS IN THE NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND THE ARAB "QUARTET" LED BY SAUDI ARABIA: CAUSES AND PROSPECTS
The study examines the results of the Gulf Cooperation Council summit in Saudi Arabia in early 2021, which formally ended the Qatar diplomatic crisis. The purpose of this article is to analyze the background and prospects for further normalization of relations between Qatar and the countries of the Arab Quartet. The main tasks solved by the author include: studying the reasons that led to the beginning of the crisis in 2017; consideration of the results of more than three years of conflict between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Bahrain; analysis of the factors that led to the settlement, both within the framework of bilateral relations and the regional and international agenda, and opportunities for the further development of relations between the countries. The author, conducting his analysis within the framework of the realistic paradigm of international relations that is traditional for oriental studies, paying attention to the provisions of liberal institutionalism, uses the comparative, systemic and historical methods of political science. As a result, the article shows that, although the Qatari diplomatic crisis is de facto not fully resolved, at this stage Qatar forced the countries of the Arab Quartet and, above all, Saudi Arabia to make serious concessions and abandon the previous ultimatum. It is concluded that the main confrontation within the GCC will now shift towards the Qatari-Emirates track, while Qatar will not abandon its claims to regional hegemony and will "develop" its main weapon – the influence of the "Muslim Brotherhood" propaganda.
Key words: Qatari diplomatic crisis, political settlement, normalization of relations, Arab Quartet, Muslim brothers, Al-Jazeera, Cooperation Council for Arab States of the Gulf, regional conflict.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.028
N.V. SARSEMBAEV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chief specialist of the state institution «Department of Religious Affairs of the Karaganda region», Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda
INTERNAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND RESOLUTION OF THE SYRIAN CONFLICT
The article examines the main results of the study of the internal political, regional and global aspects of the Syrian conflict. When disclosing these issues, the results of the analysis of the main opposition forces and the national interests of the countries of the region are described, as part of the description of the prospects for the development of the Syrian conflict and its impact on the system of regional relations. In particular, special attention is paid to examining the prospects for the strengthening of Iran's geopolitical influence, which causes concern both in the United States and in a number of countries in the region. The article also examines international participation in the political process of resolving the Syrian conflict in the framework of the adopted UN Security Council Resolutions.
Key words: Syrian conflict, Syria, SAR, Middle East, conflict resolution, regional and international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.029
A.A. KUZMICHEV National League of Political Scientists’ Member, Russian state university for the humanities – RSUH (RGGU), Moscow, Russia
SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AS A DEFINITION IN MODERN POLITICAL THEORY
The coronavirus pandemic has become a serious reason to think about the formation of a qualitatively different model of the system of international relations, which could effectively respond to global challenges and threats.
In order to implement such a project, it is mutual to understand whether the current content of the theoretical concept of the “system of international relations”, “system”, “structure”, “world order”, “balance of forces”, “balance of interests” is applicable to modern realities? Have these definitions remained unchanged or have they also been influenced by the "environment", which is an essential part of the formation and functioning of the system? The author is trying to answer to these questions in this article.
Key words: system, structure, world order, balance of power, balance of interests, environment, global threats challenges, alternative way of forming the world order, survival of the mankind.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.030
FAN TIANYANG Master, International Humanitarian Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, China
N.M. BOGOLYUBOVA Scientific adviser – candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, International Humanitarian Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
TERRITORIAL DISPUTES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: THE POSITIONS OF THE CONFLICTING PARTIES
The problem of maritime territorial conflicts in the western Pacific remains relevant in the twenty-first century, despite the deepening of regional economic integration, close bilateral relations between the parties to the disputes, and numerous debates on the ownership of the islands at the government level and in the "second track" format. The world community pays special attention to the situation in the South China Sea (SCS). The article is devoted to the situation in the South China Sea( SCS), where in recent years there has been a serious increase in tension due to the aggravation of territorial disputes in the region. The South China Sea is a point of intersection of the interests of many States and the subject of a number of territorial disputes that are important for regional security. The conflict is sharpened by the antinomian interests of its participants, China's advertising activities, and the increasing attention to the problem from non-regional players. Tensions in the region increased significantly in the 2010s due to the growth of Chinese activity. After analyzing various works devoted to the topic of the article, the author determined that for decades the situation with the disputed territories has remained unresolved, attempts to resolve conflicts have failed, and discussion of the problem in multilateral structures has not brought results. The options offered by both the opposing and non-regional parties to develop a single platform for the subsequent transfer of the problem to a constructive solution rest on the different positions of the disputants and the unwillingness to compromise. The article presents the author's vision of the problem, addresses the issues of the correlation of the legal regulation of a territorial dispute, the national interests of the participating parties, and geopolitical realities. The study analyzes the positions and policies of the three main conflicting parties: China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
Key words: South China Sea, People's Republic of China, Republic of the Philippines, Vietnam, conflict, region, tension.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.66.2.031
A.I. BUDNIK Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
T.V. GRIGORIEVA Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. KAN Student of master's program, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE KURIL PROBLEM
The article is devoted to one of the most problematic issues today, which hinders the building of stronger, trusting relations between Russia and Japan - the territorial delimitation of the Kuril Islands, directly its current state. The territorial dispute between Russia and Japan is very complex, since for a long time and under the influence of a number of factors, it managed to absorb a set of reasons that did not allow states to resolve the problem.
Key words: Kuril Islands, Russia, Japan, territorial disputes, current state.