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Academic journal “Political Science Issues” Volume 12, Issue 2 (78), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Nikitin A.I. Regionalism and Separatism as Modern Political Ideologies

Osinyuk V.A., Gareev S.V. Models of Digital Democracy: Classification of Approaches

Papchenkova A.N. Modern Studies of Political Leadership: an Evolutionary Theory

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Seryakov V.D. Preparedness of the Red Army and Wehrmacht Command Personnel on the Eve of the War: Lessons for Modernity

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Мalakhov A.A., Rastimeshina T.V. The Idea of a Welfare State and the Fight Against Poverty

Egorov K.Yu. The Problem of Establishing the Historical Truth about the Paganism of the Eastern Slavs

Vakilova V.R. On the Issue of Constructing the Construct of the Intellectual Environment as a Component of Social Transformation: the Study of the Phenomenon as a Cognitive Unit

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Andreeva Yu.V., Lipatova A.V. Managing the Information Wave in the Context of a Political Media Image

Nizamiev A.G., Egemberdiev A.K. Communication, Information and Integration Skills of Migrant Workers in Connection with the Socio-Economic Development of the Region of Departure

Ananchenko A.B., Nikulin E.R., Khardikova A.S. Discoursive Agenda of Russian Network Agents with a Mostly Youth Audience: Contextual-Discursive Field, Semantic Core, Discourse Triggers and User Portrait

Feldman P.J., Klyashtorin A.A. Actual Problems and Prospects of Participation of Modern Russian Trade Unions in Electoral Processes

Lyakhovenko O.I. Quality of Life and Political Stability: to the Problem Statement

Marukhina A.D. Features of the Implementation of Constitutional Provisions Through Bureaucratic Rationalization of the Municipal Level of Public Authority

Karpikova A.Y. Features of Using Internet Networks as a Channel of Political Communication in Modern Russia

Kuznetsova E.A. Reformation of Local Self-Government within the Framework of a Unified System of Public Authority

Menshikova E.O. Political Leadership as a System of Images in the Age of Deep-Fake

Falaleev M.A., Sitdikova N.A., Nechay E.E. Cybercrime in Politics: Experience of Subject Typology

Shirokova E.O. Awareness of the Residents of the Republic of Mordovia about the Activities of Non-Profit Organizations: Results of the Questionnaire Survey

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Nazarova E.A., Каrnaukhov P.A. Major Activities of the Moscow Healthcare System in the Conditions of Crisis and Institutional Transformations

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Tushkov A.A., Voron-Kovalskaya A.O. To the Question about the Results of Comprehensive Reforming of China's Education System

Taher M.T., Ershad A.S. Geopolitical Consequences of the Transformation of Afghan State After the Taliban Came to Power for the Countries of Central Asia (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan)

Menshikov P.V., Vilchinskii A.S. Catalonia on the Agenda of the Spanish Coalition Government

Bortsov D.V. Formation of Russian Economic Diplomacy: from Ancient Rus to Russian Empire

Okumbekov R.S. The Main Features of Neo-Patrimonialism and the Way Forward in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Poltoratckaia S.K. The Danish Penitentiary System of the ХVIII-XX Centuries: Development Experience and Сurrent State

STUDENT SCIENCE

Lutsiuk D.V. The Relationship Between the USA and Spain in the Field of Culture

Mohammad Anwar Baktash, Visal Abdul Hai, Habibi Mohamad Wasim. Afghanistan is on the Verge of Changes: India’s and Turkey’s Political Relations with Afghanistan

REVIEWS

Mikhaylenko A.N. Ecological Terrorism as a Global Threat (Review of the Monograph by Karatueva E.N. “Ecological Terrorism: Concept, Types, Counteraction”. M.: “Publishing House “Science Today”, 2022

Our authors № 2-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.001

А.I. NIKITIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chair of political theory of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia; Director of the Center for Euro-Atlantic Security of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

REGIONALISM AND SEPARATISM AS MODERN POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

The article considers the current approaches to working with socio-political information that can ensure effective work with significant arrays of thematic data for analytical purposes. Under the guidance of the author of these lines, a team of professionals created an electronic educational and research resource “Modern political ideologies: the practice of formation, models of influence and dissemination of political and ideological information and technologies to counter ideological manipulation in the Russian and international social environment and public consciousness,” [16] containing an extensive array of materials on a wide range of political ideologies and providing an opportunity for in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of ideologies. The portal “Modern political ideologies ...” is not the first such electronic resource, but the fourth in a row, created by a professional team under the leadership of the author of these lines. The relevance of this “interface” is due to the fact that its content-dense content and operational format, provided an internal conceptual and thematic organization – is not just an electronic thematic library: being formed and internally thematic organized by specialized specialists on the topic, it becomes a tool for professional political analysis.

Key words: ideology, separatism, secessionism, regionalism, discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.002

V.A. OSINYUK Postgraduate student at the faculty of political science, Department of Russian Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

S.V. GAREEV Postgraduate student at the faculty of political science, Department of Russian Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODELS OF DIGITAL DEMOCRACY: CLASSIFICATION OF APPROACHES

In this article, the authors consistently consider three main directions of the development of modern electronic democracy: electronic democracy as a global trend, as a kind of fashion for new political technologies and a new political understanding of political processes; features of the development of electronic democracy in Russia and the Russian character, the "Russian spirit" of this development and, finally, modern systemic problems of electronic democracy. The authors come to the conclusion that e-democracy not only continues to be a modern trend in world development, which is emphasized by numerous studies of the last five to ten years, but is also gradually becoming popular among an increasing number of people – both politicians and political technologists, and ordinary citizens. On the other hand, e-democracy has national characteristics depending on each country, including in Russia. However, the introduction of this new digital phenomenon has a number of systemic difficulties, while the advantages and successes of e-democracy are most often national in nature.

Key words: e-democracy, political process, cyberdemocracy, government, digitalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.003

A.N. PAPCHENKOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN STUDIES OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP: AN EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

The article analyzes the evolutionary theory of political leadership, examines contradictory studies of dominant leadership in modern society, as a study based on a new scale for measuring the social dominance orientation. In conclusion, it is concluded that evolutionary theory provides researchers with the tools necessary to analyze how the evolutionary past of our species affects modern political leadership and the behavior of followers and can help future scientists and politicians form and understand how to organize a leadership process that will satisfy the most of citizens.

Key words: political leadership, evolutionary theory, orientation to social dominance, political psychology, leadership qualities.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.004

V.D. SERYAKOV Сandidate of military Sciences, associate Professor, rector of the Institute of Economics and culture, Moscow, Russia

PREPAREDNESS OF THE RED ARMY AND WEHRMACHT COMMAND PERSONNEL ON THE EVE OF THE WAR: LESSONS FOR MODERNITY

The article presents a comparative analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the command personnel of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht, the features of their selection and placement on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the influence of this factor on the results of its initial period. The number and content of the stages of becoming an officer in a command position has been clarified. Based on the results of the study, the profiles of the commander with different levels of readiness to manage the unit in combat are determined, the terms and conditions of their achievement are justified, of which the main one is the formation of the officer's spatial-temporal thinking corresponding to the level of the position.

Key words: preparedness of the red army, stages of formation of professional skills, spatial-temporal thinking, criteria of readiness to control in battle.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.005

А.А. МALAKHOV Head of the Legal Department, A.G. Lorkh Federal Potato Research Center, Moscow, Russia

Т.V. RASTIMESHINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor at the Chair of philosophy, sociology and political science, National Research University "Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology", Moscow, Russia

THE IDEA OF A WELFARE STATE AND THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY

Poverty is analyzed as an economic, social, moral and ethical phenomenon. It is shown that helping the poor and protecting those in need in the modern world are important responsibilities of the state. The right of the poor to be cared for by the state is provided for by a social contract concluded between society and the state. It is argued that the absence of poverty and the attention of society to poverty is a social norm. It is emphasized that the goals of the anti-poverty policy are determined not so much by the sociological or economic aspects of poverty as by the moral and ethical aspect of poverty, however, the content and objectives of the anti-poverty policy are related to how the state understands the nature and causes of poverty.

Key words: poverty, state policy, natural state, social contract, political condition, poverty criteria, social protection, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.006

K.YU. EGOROV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines Moscow Financial and Industrial University "Synergy", Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF ESTABLISHING THE HISTORICAL TRUTH ABOUT THE PAGANISM OF THE EASTERN SLAVS

The article characterizes the paganism of the Eastern Slavs as a religious, political, social and cultural phenomenon that formed the worldview of the Slavs, and formed the basis for Orthodox Christianity. The facts are presented showing that Orthodoxy is a symbiosis of Greek (Byzantine) Christianity and ancient pagan religion, harmoniously reformatted for the state needs of Russia. The article reveals the problem of flagellation of paganism by Christian authors of the past and public figures of the modern era, forced to spread the Christian state influence, to take care of the fall of the authority of pagan religion or its oblivion. The colossal contribution of ancient pagan culture and religion to the formation of a special Orthodox faith, which had a consolidating significance for the East Slavic peoples, is analyzed. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the evolution of the religious worldview of the Eastern Slavs, to reveal the origins of the problem of affirming the historical truth about the paganism of the Eastern Slavs, to rehabilitate paganism in the eyes of the descendants of the Eastern Slavs and other peoples, as well as to identify the necessary and justified ways of state policy for educational, educational, educational and patriotic purposes. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that many Orthodox ideas, holidays, rituals and rituals come from the ancient worldview of the Eastern Slavs, borrowed from the ancient Slavic religion. The author concludes that in recent decades there has been a tendency to increase the demand for information about the culture and religion of the Eastern Slavs, for visits to relevant cultural and sacred sites and events, as well as for Slavic clothing, amulets and other attributes. The growing demand among Russians must be met by: expanding educational programs at all levels, including information about the cosmocentric worldview and religious beliefs of the Slavs; developing special state programs to popularize ancient and medieval Slavic culture and history; restoration and improvement of ancient and medieval pagan cultural and sacred sites and monuments (and their protection); construction of new Slavic cultural centers and ethnic villages; increasing the production of natural ethnic clothing, which is especially important when looking for import substitution.

Key words: paganism, paganism of the Eastern Slavs, East Slavic paganism, Christianity, Orthodoxy, state religious policy, worldview of the Slavs.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.007

V.R. VAKILOVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines of the Synergy University, Moscow, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF CONSTRUCTING THE CONSTRUCT OF THE INTELLECTUAL ENVIRONMENT AS A COMPONENT OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION: THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON AS A COGNITIVE UNIT

The scientific community has predetermined the increasing importance of the role of the intellectual environment in socio-political processes: Throughout the history of mankind, knowledge has been a key component of social transformation and the basis of power. Adaptation to the world order and adaptation of the world to one's own needs have indicated the need for a person to constantly develop intellectual potential.

The intellectual environment is a modification of the socio-cultural environment – a complex, diverse set of social, spiritual and material conditions in which an individual realizes his needs and carries out any activity throughout his life. This is a necessary, fundamental condition for social development – as a person goes through the path of intellectual transformation throughout his existence, so the environment in which he lives adapts to the realities created by this person. This article attempts to study the typology of the intellectual environment, as well as its direct agents in the construction of the intellectual environment as a socio-cultural phenomenon.

Key words: intellectual environment, «struggle for minds», «individual evolution», absolute knowledge, «soft power», scientific and technological progress, cultural integration, «intellectual core».

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.008

YU.V. ANDREEVA Professor, doctor of pedagogical sciences, AR-media Director of Publishing House "Logos", Kazan, Russia

A.V. LIPATOVA Senior Lecturer of Management Department University of Management "TISBI", Kazan, Russia

MANAGING THE INFORMATION WAVE IN THE CONTEXT OF A POLITICAL MEDIA IMAGE

The article examines the patterns of information wave modeling in the context of the development of a political media image and the management of the "information" behavior of the audience. In the projection of the interdisciplinary approach, a conceptual view of the "information wave" is proposed and the phenomena of the dissemination of resonant information and the expansion of the range of its interpretations are revealed. The information wave is studied taking into account modern patterns of media consumption and methods of political media influence. On the example of the topic of the name of the highest official of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main stages and mechanisms of its formation (increase, peak, decline, repeated peaks) are revealed. The study summarizes and formulates the features of media influence in the situation of a single information field (information wave). In the process of modeling, the informational initiation of the opinion leader, his role in the formation and management of the information wave is considered.

Key words: information wave, information behavior, media influence, political leader, regional leader, construction, presidential status.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.009

А.G. NIZAMIEV Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Natural Geography of Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic

А.K. EGEMBERDIEV Postgraduate student of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy, Moscow, Russia

COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION AND INTEGRATION SKILLS OF MIGRANT WORKERS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION OF DEPARTURE

The article examines the question of how the socio-economic development of the region from which labor migrants leave determines their personal characteristics, their position on the labor market and in the society of the host country. Migrant workers from a poor region occupy mostly low-paid jobs.

Labor migration leads to the formation of long-term ties between countries and regions. The socio-economic development of a region that sends migrants has a direct impact on the development of the hosting country. This circumstance should be taken into account in the migration policy.

Key words: labor migration, Kyrgyzstan, Osh region, socio-economic development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.010

A.B. ANANCHENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Director of the Institute of History and Politics of the Moscow Pedagogical State University, Head of the Department of Modern National History of the Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

E.R. NIKULIN Student of the Institute of History and Politics of the Faculty of History of the Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

A.S. KHARDIKOVA Student of the Institute of History and Politics, Faculty of Applied Political Science, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

DISCOURSIVE AGENDA OF RUSSIAN NETWORK AGENTS WITH A MOSTLY YOUTH AUDIENCE: CONTEXTUAL-DISCURSIVE FIELD, SEMANTIC CORE, DISCOURSE TRIGGERS AND USER PORTRAIT

The article is devoted to the study of the discursive agenda produced by network agents of political actors with different ideological orientations in the Russian online space.

With the help of a hybrid model of the methodology, we have identified the specifics of the contextual-discursive field and the semantic core formed by relevant social media communities, discursive triggers that encourage consumers to respond more actively to the agenda and user portrait of the audience of each ideological segment we have identified.

When implementing the study, we determined that the intersection of the discursive field of network agents with different ideological orientations is noted mainly in the framework of discourses that convey distrust of elections (expressed in criticism of the procedure for voting on amendments to the Constitution) and solidarity with Belarusian protesters, and discursive triggers for each ideological segments are unique, which indicates the absence of potential for "overflow" and association of politicized audiences, which is also evidenced by the extremely low level of their intersection.

Key words: discursive agenda, discursive triggers, user portrait, contextual discursive field, network agent.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.011

P.J. FELDMAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Deputy Director of the Institute for strategic studies and predictions at RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

A.A. KLYASHTORIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

ACTUAL PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PARTICIPATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN TRADE UNIONS IN ELECTORAL PROCESSES

The article discusses the political mechanisms and technologies through which Russian trade unions carry out electoral representation of the interests of employees. The practice of incorporation of so-called "trade union candidates" into legislative bodies of all levels, is subjected to a political analysis. It has been established that at the present stage it is more expedient for the largest trade union center of the country (FNPR) not to create its own party, but to maintain mutually beneficial cooperation with political forces with great electoral potential. This strategy has already proved its effectiveness during federal, regional and municipal electoral campaigns of 2021. At the same time, there is a need for a normative fixation of the duties of deputies who have received the support of trade unions to organizations that have entrusted them to represent the interests of working people.

Key words: elections, electoral representation of interests, trade unions, interest groups, parliament, political decision-making.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.012

О.I. LYAKHOVENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Chair of Russian politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

QUALITY OF LIFE AND POLITICAL STABILITY: TO THE PROBLEM STATEMENT

This article proposes to consider the problem of quality of life, well studied in social and economic sciences, through the prism of the subject field and functional tasks of political science. The author builds a conceptual model that assesses the relationship between state sustainability and quality of life, emphasizing the need to ensure social consolidation and support for the reproduction of the state system. The author conceptually defines this factor of broad public consolidation through the category of “political sustainability”. The article shows the specificity and evolution of the definition of the concept of “quality of life” in world science, highlights the main approaches to its content – objective-environmental (econometric) and subjective (socio-psychological). The author refers to the empirical base of existing quality-of-life ratings in the regions and cities of Russia and uses it to identify the essential characteristics of political stability in different territories of Russia, which differ in the state of quality of life. Among the conclusions, the author notes that the differences in the quality of life in different territories within Russia determine: 1) the difference in the social demand of society in relation to the Russian state as the governing system; 2) the difference in the course of social conflicts and 3) the difference in the ability of the state to ensure the consolidation of society. In conclusion, the author defines a further research program for studying the quality of life within the subject field of political science in a theoretical and empirical way.

Key words: quality of life, political sustainability, state stability, socio-political conflicts, social consolidation, political support.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.013

A.D. MARUKHINA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Management, Politics and Law Omsk Humanitarian Academy, Omsk, Russia

FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS THROUGH BUREAUCRATIC RATIONALIZATION OF THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY

This article discusses the issues of changes in the system of public authority at the regional and municipal levels. In the process of implementing the constitutional amendments adopted in 2020 in the system of public administration in Russia, the relationship between the state bodies of the subjects of the Federation and local self-government bodies is being transformed. The purpose of this study is to reveal the specifics of the implementation of constitutional provisions through the development of optimal management decisions at the regional and municipal levels of government. Due to the changes taking place at all levels of government, the vertical system of relations between the region and municipalities requires a revision of the powers and the mechanism of their delegation between these levels of government. These changes guarantee the rational use of municipal resources and will further strengthen the constitutional unity of the system of public power in the regions.

Key words: system of public power, local self-government body, state body, subject of the Federation, municipality, management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.014

A.Y. KARPIKOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Management, Politics and Law, Omsk Humanitarian Academy, Omsk, Russia

FEATURES OF USING INTERNET NETWORKS AS A CHANNEL OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN MODERN RUSSIA

In this article, the author conducts a political science study of the introduction of Internet communications into the regional space of modern Russia, considering some features and trends in the use of virtual social networks in Russian politics, including at the regional level. In the author's interpretation, a comparative analysis of the use of individual social media content in election campaigns, the political activities of statesmen and work with the electorate, as well as the influence of virtual social networks on the formation of the image of a politician and the preferences of voters is carried out. It seems important for a political party or an individual politician to build their activities in accordance with the challenges of the surrounding reality, to skillfully shape and promote their image through the current capabilities of current technologies, and above all information, which is reflected in the Internet environment and its system of interactive services.

Key words: virtual social networks, Internet users, Internet environment, portal, regional level.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.015

E.A. KUZNETSOVA Post-graduate student Political Sciences and Regional Studies, Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia

REFORMATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF A UNIFIED SYSTEM OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY

The study of the existence of the theory of democracy in modern conditions remains relevant. International politics demonstrates how often foreign states resort to various manipulations to spread their global influence, including accusing their competitors of violating democratic foundations, human rights, etc.

Relatively recently, amendments to the country's basic law were adopted, which affected all spheres of power relations, and this fact further aggravated the attitude of Western "partners" who reproach our country for building authoritarianism.

In this article, we will consider the key issue of local self-government, both direct and indirect exercise of power by the people as part of the constitutional transformation of the power system and in connection with the emergence of a unified public authority. The purpose of the study is to study the transformations in the Russian power structure and their compliance with the pan-European principles of building democracy.

Historical analysis radically updates our knowledge, including in the study of the modern redistribution of powers, thanks to which we can confidently note that the interaction of state and municipal governments in the public authority system is built on the theory of a contractual state.

Key words: public authority, local authority, dismantling of authority.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.016

E.O. MENSHIKOVA PhD student, Department of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AS A SYSTEM OF IMAGES IN THE AGE OF DEEP-FAKE

The article is devoted to the changing approaches to political leadership, taking into account the development of modern audiovisual technologies. The aim of the work is to reveal the main features of the Russian perception of the image of a political leader as an independent actor of public policy and the related risks caused by the development of deep-fake technology. In order to study this phenomenon, the articles of contemporary authors devoted to the phenomenon of deep-fake in political reality, as well as the risks and challenges associated with this phenomenon, were analyzed. The author made a conclusion about the increasing influence of new technologies on political leadership, as well as about the need to form a legal and other regulatory framework in the sphere of management and verification of political information.

Key words: political leadership, political image, political communications, deep-fake, politics, artificial intelligence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.017

M.A. FALALEEV Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

N.A. SITDIKOVA Student of a bachelor's degree of the department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.E. NECHAY Academic Advisor, Candidate of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CYBERCRIME IN POLITICS: EXPERIENCE OF SUBJECT TYPOLOGY

The emergence and widespread use of digital technologies at the end of the 20th century launched a process of significant transformation of communication between individuals, communities, and states. Today, the possibilities of interaction in the Internet environment are used by all types of socio-political actors, since they can significantly increase not only the efficiency, but also the effectiveness of communication. Nevertheless, despite the obvious advantages of the widespread introduction of digital technologies, at the turn of the century, humanity also faced several threats that accompany the rapid development of the global information network. The key one is the problem of cybercrime. Despite the diversity of its forms and types, the study focuses on studying the political component of this phenomenon. This is since in recent years, cybercrime has become a significant tool for exerting indirect pressure on opponents during the struggle for power both at the level of individual states and in the international arena. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to identify the main characteristics and scenarios for the evolution of the phenomenon of cybercrime in politics. The research tools are presented by methods of synthesis of theoretical materials, typology, and forecasting. The results of the work are presented in the form of a characteristic and qualitative assessment of «state-lead» and «non-state-lead» types of cybercrime on the dynamics of the political process. The materials of the article will be useful for further study of the impact of cybercrime on political processes at the national and global levels.

Key words: cybercrime, digital space, cyber security, cyber terrorism, digital sovereignty, global network, digital transformations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.018

E.O. SHIROKOVA Postgraduate student of the department of world history, political science and regional studies at the National Research Mordovian state University, Saransk, Russia

AWARENESS OF THE RESIDENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA ABOUT THE ACTIVITIES OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS: RESULTS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

The article analyzes the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Republic of Mordovia in order to identify the awareness of the inhabitants of the region about the role and activities of non-profit organizations. It is concluded that awareness of the activities of NGOs in the Republic of Mordovia corresponds to the all-Russian trends, but does not reflect the significant contribution of non-profit organizations that they make to the socio-economic development of the region. In general, information about the role of NGOs in the Republic of Mordovia and the degree of their influence on public authorities among the population is fragmentary, which is a significant drawback for the development of a culture of participation and civil society in the region.

Key words: civil society, non-profit organizations, socially oriented NPOs, public awareness, the Republic of Mordovia.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.019

E.A. NAZAROVA Doctor of Sciences (sociology), Professor at the Chair of sociology, MGIMO MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

P.А. КАRNAUKHOV Postgraduate student working for the Master's degree at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE MOSCOW HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF CRISIS AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic has become not only a serious test, but also a catalyst for the development of national health systems for almost all countries of the world. For Russia, in many ways, the flagship measures were the adaptation of the capital's health system, as well as innovative technological and organizational algorithms for the prevention and control of coronavirus infection in Moscow, considered in this article.

Key words: healthcare, COVID-19, prevention, healthcare management.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.020

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

A.O. VORON-KOVALSKAYA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE RESULTS OF COMPREHENSIVE REFORMING OF CHINA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM

This article is devoted to a current topic – the analysis of the results of the implementation of the PRC "Resolution on the reform of the education system of China" dated May 27, 1985, as a result of which the country took leading world positions in all areas of political, economic and social development. The 1950s were a turning point for the People's Republic of China. As a result of revolutionary transformations, almost all spheres of life have been radically changed. However, in the ten years that have passed since the "cultural revolution", it has become obvious that the country has not made the expected "big leap". Deng Xiaoping's famous Chinese reforms, based on the implementation of the "policy of four modernizations" – in industry, the army, agriculture and science, did not bypass the education system. They turned the semi-colonial and semi-feudal education in old China into a socialist one. During the implementation of the Resolution of the CPC Central Committee of May 27, 1985, the term "suzhi jiaoyu" (苏智娇玉) ("education for the purpose of improving the quality of personality") was widely used and assumed the comprehensive development of students in mental, moral, artistic, physical and labor relations. In 30 years, the education system has achieved tremendous development, which has never been seen in the history of China. Considering this Resolution, the authors come to the conclusion that it was a key factor that became the basis for the comprehensive development of China.

Key words: PRC, Resolution of the CPC Central Committee of May 27, 1985, "cultural revolution" in China, China's education system, university autonomy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.021

M.T. TAHER Doctor of Laws, Lecturer at Balkh Governmental University, Afghanistan

A.S. ERSHAD Post-graduate student, Federal State Autonomous Institution of Higher Education “Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University”, Kazan, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF AFGHAN STATE AFTER THE TALIBAN CAME TO POWER FOR THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA (TAJIKISTAN, UZBEKISTAN AND TURKMENISTAN)

This article dwells upon the process of dissipation of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan due to the Accession to Power of the Taliban movement in this country. Special attention is given to the present geopolitical situation with respect to the three states of Central Asia: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, for which the events taking place in Afghanistan, in its northern provinces, give serious cause for concern. Analyzing the reasons of the said dramatic transformation of the Afghan state system, the authors try to give an unbiased assessment to the acts of the world community, as well as of those countries that are Afghanistan’s immediate neighbors, within the context of the national Afghan social-political crisis. The article raises the following highly topical issue: is Taliban capable of creating an effective state, and can it this way convince the world that the new power of Afghanistan is to be reckoned with? The authors examine different scenarios and come to the following final conclusion: the “Afghan question” has presently turned into the key factor determining geopolitical stability across the whole territory of Central Asia.

Key words: Afghanistan, Taliban movement, Central Asia, world community, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.022

P.V. MENSHIKOV Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Media Policy and Public Relations of the Faculty of International Journalism, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

A.S. VILCHINSKII Post-Graduate Student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Expert of the Institute for Contemporary International Studies, Moscow, Russia

CATALONIA ON THE AGENDA OF THE SPANISH COALITION GOVERNMENT

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction between the Spanish coalition government and Catalonia. The urgency of this issue is explained by the escalation of the Catalan problem after the unilateral referendum in the region held on October 1, 2017. Moreover, following the Spanish parliamentary elections on November 10, 2019, the role of Catalan parties increased. It caused the need to resume active talks with the autonomy. The aim of the research is to identify the main approaches of the PSOE-Unidas Podemos coalition government to renew the system of relations between the central authorities and Catalonia. Official documents of the Kingdom of Spain, analytical works of Russian and Spanish academics, as well as of sociological surveys were used to conduct the research. The paper describes the changed role of the Catalan parliamentary parties after the 2019 elections. The authors assess of the importance of negotiations with Catalonia in the context of the effectiveness of the functioning of the coalition government. In addition, the paper identifies the basic principles of the of “multilevel Spain” concept which is being developed by the cabinet of Pedro Sanchez. The study also compares changes in the public support for the ruling coalition and the opposition forces against the background of negotiations between the Spanish government and Catalonia. In conclusion, the authors highlight that the concessions of the Spanish coalition government in relations with Catalonia may lead to the decline of public support before the parliamentary elections scheduled for 2023.

Key words: Spain, Catalonia, PSOE, Unidas Podemos, regionalism, coalition, ideology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.023

D.V. BORTSOV Specialist with Degree in Economics, 2nd Secretary of The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russia, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF RUSSIAN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY: FROM ANCIENT RUS TO RUSSIAN EMPIRE

The author analyzes the emergence and main stages of the Russian economic diplomacy evolution applying methods of aggregation, dating and evaluation of available sources in the field of history, political science and economics. The stages of establishment and further transformation of organizational forms of the economic branch in the Russian diplomatic service as well as the formation of the national school of personnel training are studied. Also author describes positive and negative factors influencing on direction and growth rate of foreign economic activities and economic diplomacy at the mentioned historic period as well as highlights key specific features of foreign trade area of Russia throughout its development. The state economic policy at that historical stage, the approaches of the country's leadership to foreign economic issues, the implementation of economic diplomacy activities are consistently considered with a focus on the perception of its importance. The author also identifies the historical features of the Russian political and socio-economic systems which prevented the active promotion of national products to foreign markets. Contribution of separate politicians to development of foreign trade and national export – either country leaders or heads of specialized departments responsible for foreign economic area throughout the history – is investigated with estimation of its results. The international situation that took place in the mentioned period is studied with focus on its influence on state economic policy and priorities in relations with key foreign partners. The impact of foreign commercial agents’ activities on the condition and transformation of the political and economic landscape in Russia is analyzed. The circumstances of introduction of new or localization of existing and already used in other countries tools of economic diplomacy are described with highlighting of their advantages and disadvantages. Special attention is paid to the process of changing the attitude of diplomats to this issue: from complete denial of participance in foreign economic activities to gradual acceptance and final inclusion in the circle of key priorities of the diplomatic service.

Key words: Russian economic diplomacy, evolution of economic diplomacy, history of economic diplomacy, Russian diplomatic service, export promotion, diplomatic support of the economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.024

R.S. OKUMBEKOV Postgraduate, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communication, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN FEATURES OF NEO-PATRIMONIALISM AND THE WAY FORWARD IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The author's main thesis is that the transitional nature of the ongoing political processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan indicates that the conceptualisation proposed by Sh.N. Eisenstadt is not applicable to modern Kazakhstan. The author reveals the factors and logic of post-Soviet Kazakhstan development, development and natural strengthening of presidential power, legislative prerequisites for preparation of the change of political power, dynamics of its development in the context of political power transit. The chronology describes the events that led to the final transit of the supreme power in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Key words: neopatrimonialism, Kazakhstan, transit of political power, political regime.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.025

S.K. POLTORATCKAIA Graduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE DANISH PENITENTIARY SYSTEM OF THE ХVIII-XX CENTURIES: DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE AND СURRENT STATE

The article analyzes the philosophical and political approaches to the idea of punishment, defines the specific features of the development of the penitentiary system in Denmark. The historical path of the idea of punishment in the country is analyzed, on the basis of which a conclusion is made about the main problems of the development of the system in modern times, the unique features of the penitentiary system, largely borrowed from the United States, are determined, which make it possible to find out that the issue of effective punishment in the country has not been resolved, the idea of «social convenience» punishment described in the article, could not solve the actual problems of punishment in the country.

Key words: penitentiary system, punishment, Denmark, Scandinavian countries, the idea of punishment, new prison principles, resocialization.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.026

D.V. LUTSIUK Student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE USA AND SPAIN IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of the foreign cultural policy of Spain. On the basis of domestic and foreign studies, as well as official documents, the features and weaknesses of Spain's external cultural activity are analyzed and a conclusion is made about the directions of its further development. In addition, the article contains materials about how the cultural industry has developed in Spain and for what reason it is closely linked to it now, and why programs are being adopted to strengthen ties between the United States and Spain, as well as what will lead to Spanish becoming the second international language in the world. The specifics of relations between the United States and Spain are due to the fact that in the 18th and 19th centuries they were strained in every industry, mainly economic, but due to the large number of Latin American population, governments had to choose a joint strategy for interethnic development.

Key words: foreign cultural policy, foreign cultural activity, Spain, USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.78.2.027

MOHAMMAD ANWAR BAKTASH Postgraduate student working for the Master's degree at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Kabul, Afghanistan

VISAL ABDUL HAI Postgraduate student working for the Master's degree at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Kabul, Afghanistan

HABIBI MOHAMAD WASIM Postgraduate student working for the Master's degree at the Chair of theory and history of international relations, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Kabul, Afghanistan

AFGHANISTAN IS ON THE VERGE OF CHANGES: INDIA’S AND TURKEY’S POLITICAL RELATIONS WITH AFGHANISTAN

The article is an overview study of the relations between Turkey and Afghanistan, as well as India and Afghanistan in the period from 2019 to 2021. The period was full of events, mainly connected with the transition of power from the elected government of A. Ghani to the Taliban movement. Such a rapid convergence of the whole country could not but come as a surprise, including for the Indian side, since the forecasts were different: the elected government, with which India cooperated in the implementation of its projects, had to keep power in the country within the framework that existed before the withdrawal of coalition troops.

Thus, India continued to implement large-scale projects in Afghanistan. Currently, India, despite the initial decision to completely withdraw from Afghanistan, has no other optimal solution than to make every effort to maintain its presence, at the first stage – within the framework of the “pre-Taliban” period. As for Turkey's interests in Afghanistan, their vector is primarily in the direction of developing the idea of a “Turkic world,” where it plays the role of an ideological center. It is also shown that by its presence in Afghanistan, Turkey seeks to advance as a member of the pro-Western coalition. But it should not be ignored that Turkey is pursuing an independent policy, which is conditioned by its status as the main actor in the territory of the countries of the conditional “Turkic world.” Turkish interests in Afghanistan are currently concentrated mainly in the political plane, make every effort to maintain its presence, at the first stage – within the framework of the “pre-Taliban” period.

Key words: cooperation, national interests, presence, leadership, influence.

REVIEWS

Reviewer:

A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, chairman, International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

ECOLOGICAL TERRORISM AS A GLOBAL THREAT REVIEW of the monograph by Karatueva E.N. “Ecological terrorism: concept, types, counteraction”. M.: “Publishing House “Science Today”, 2022

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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 1 (77), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Jozef Hrabina. The Problem of Stability and Durability of Multipolar Structures

Dobromyslov A.S. Demographic Studies in Political Science

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Chemshit A.A., Statsenko O.S., Chemshit D.A. About the Civilizational Pride of the Great Russians

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Chimiris E.S. Frame Analysis Techniques to Study Trust: a Research Model Building Experience

Fedotova V.A. Identity as a Determinant of Trust in Power and Political Activity on the Example of the Russian Youth

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Zimin V.A. Migrants in the Russian Labor Market

Malakhov A.A. The Fight Against Poverty as an Ethical Problem and a Political Strategy

Vnuk V.K. Comparative Analysis of the Election Programs of Parliamentary Political Parties in the Elections to the State Parliament of the Federal Assembly of the VIII Convocation

Zolotarev N.A., Popov S.I., Grishin V.O. Migration Processes as a Global Social and Political Phenomenon

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Goncharova I.V. Sustainable Development of the State and Social Technologies

Chizhevskiy Y.A. The Implementation of Value-Based Healthcare Model in Russia

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Mikhaylenko A.N., Khramova A.V. Development Potential of the Eurasian Economic Union

Surma I.V. The North Atlantic Alliance and Threats to Russia's Digital Sovereignty

Titov V.B., Makarov A.V. Comprehensive Approaches of Russia to the Formation of Educational Space in the Geopolitical Dimension

Tushkov A.A., Alekhina A.P. Ethical and Philosophical Teachings as a Pattern of Formation China's Cultural Identity

Bobrov A.K. Cycles of the US-Russia Relations in the Post-Bipolar Period (1991-2021)

Shangaraev R.N. Russian-Turkish Relations Prospects in Context of Istanbul Canal Construction and Black Sea Tensions

Vafin A.M. The Ideology of Public Service in Japan

Vasetsova E.S., Fatkhullina D.V. The Role of “Soft Power” in UAE Foreign Policy

Kichaev P.A., Malik E.N. Afghanistan's Political System in the New Architecture of International Relations

Ostashova Ya.V. Soft Power Instruments of Higher Education in Russia in the Context of Cooperation with Kazakhstan

Telegin D.S. Theoretical Framework for Policy of the United States of America in the Indo-Pacific Region

Bozoyan T.R. Features of ASEAN Policy on Labor Migration

Arzhanov I.A. The International Legal Status of the Arctic as an Element of Regional Geopolitical Rivalry

Vlasenko K.A. Comparative Analysis of EU and US Sanctions Policies

Gao Dai. Weibo as a Tool of Public Supervision

Finkelzon S.S. Israeli Haredim Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Country

Wu Yanbin. The Basis of the Geopolitical Concept «Indo-Pacific»

Sanzhieva A.D. The Digital Agency of Japan as an Actor of the Digital Transformation of the State

Basov O.N. Instruments of Elite Struggle for Political Power and Influence with the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (in Case of the Modern United States)

Hazeli Reza. International Labor Migration and Transfers of Migrants

Barakat Qais Abdullah Mahmoud, Seifi Mustafa Saleem Mustafa, Abahra Mushir Ibrahim Hassan. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in the Context of Modern Russian Foreign Policy

STUDENT SCIENCE

Tarasochkina D.D., Zryaeva E.S., Stepankova D.S. Discourse Analysis in Media Research on the Example of the Press in Northeast Asia

Baranova Y.V., Leonova A.A., Pham Thi Minh Huen. Problems of International Legal Regulation of Prevention of Marine Pollution in the North Pacific

Krazhan A.S. The Urgency of the Introduction of Anti-Corruption Compliance Control in Russian Business

Dubinin A.A. Terrorism in the Sahel Region: French Experience and New Challenges

Our authors № 1-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.001

JOZEF HRABINA PhD candidate, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF STABILITY AND DURABILITY OF MULTIPOLAR STRUCTURES

The article deals with the unclarity between stability and durability of multipolar strucutres. Whereas the contemporary scholars aims to understanding the features of multipolar structures that are known for their unstable nature, but rather durable lifespan. With that said, the article makes case for durability of the period of European dominance in the system of international relations. As depicted in the article, the potentially forming multipolar structure will be durable, but likely unstable with mutual balancing common variable keeping these forces at play, whereas multiple actors offer more options to balance potential hegemon, which can prolong the structural lifespan.

Key words: multipolarity, durability, stability, war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.002

A.S. DOBROMYSLOV PHD student оf the Faculty of political sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

The article reviews the main directions of interdisciplinary research of political demography. There are highlighted the problems of high fertility and predominance of youth in the population. The issues of low mortality and the political consequences of ageing are also considered. In addition, the problems of migration and refugees are included. Finally, there are discussed the environmental aspects of demographic change and their impact on emerging conflicts.

Key words: political demography, youth bulge, global ageing, migration.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.003

A.A. CHEMSHIT Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor of the Department of «Political Science and International Relations», Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

O.S. STATSENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Docent, Sevastopol State University, Law institute, Head of Faculty "Theory and History of State and Law", Sevastopol, Russia

D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of Political Sciences, Docent of Faculty "Theory and History of State and Law", Law institute, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

ABOUT THE CIVILIZATIONAL PRIDE OF THE GREAT RUSSIANS

Starting from the famous article by V.I. Lenin "On the national Pride of the Great Russians" and the diary entries of F.M. Dostoevsky about the messianic role of the Russian people, the problem of the civilizational pride of the Great Russians is actualized.

It is emphasized that in modern geopolitical conditions, the consolidated West has placed a bet on restraining the development of Russia, the fight against the Russian world. It is noted that the only alternative for Russia remains the consolidation of its sovereignty, the apology of traditional values and national dignity.

The idea of the embodiment of a special Great Russian civilization in Russia is formulated. The passionate part of it is the "Great Russians" – the conceptual analogue of the "Soviet people" of the USSR times.

This concept is introduced to designate the titular civil-political nation of modern Russia. The civilizational pride of the Great Russians is the greatness of the state and social justice.

Key words: Great Russia, civilizational pride, Great Russians, national idea, social conservatism, political course, economic mission.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.004

E.S. CHIMIRIS PhD in political sciences, Head of the Center for Social and Political Studies, Institute for Integration Development Research Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation; associate professor of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FRAME ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES TO STUDY TRUST: A RESEARCH MODEL BUILDING EXPERIENCE

The article discusses the prospects for the use of discourse analysis method, in particular frame analysis, to study the problems of trust. The problem of studying trust is becoming increasingly important in connection with the increase of domestic and foreign political instability in the world as a whole and in separate countries. In connection with the weaving global challenges (the coronavirus pandemic, sanctions policy, trade and migration "wars", etc.), the governments of many countries are forced to make unpopular decisions that gradually undermine the confidence of citizens in the power institutes. No less important is the formation of the trust of the middle-level elites in the top leadership of the countries, since the controllability and efficiency of the entire political system will depend on how smoothly the state apparatus will work. In the proposed article, an attempt was made to form a theoretical framework for the study of trust between the state and society, as well as within political elites.

Traditional methods of research on trust, such as opinion polls, have several limitations. Polls record the current level of trust well, but it is more difficult for them to predict a decrease or increase in the level of trust, depending on the onset of certain socio-political and economic conditions. In this regard, the author of the article proposes a variant of using the frame-analysis methodological framework for trust analysis. By frames we mean intellectual structures that describe typical social situations. Once learned through social adaptation, frames determine how people behave in typical situations. In this regard, knowledge about typical frames will make it possible, with a certain degree of probability, to predict behavior in widespread situations. In this regard, the article proposes an algorithm for searching, organizing, and analyzing such typical situations in relation to the problem of trust. The result of this theoretical study is an operational model for analyzing trust based on texts presented in the media, social networks, or in-depth interviews.

Key words: frame, trust, state, discourse-analysis, political theory, society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.005

V.A. FEDOTOVA Master of Psychology Senior Lecturer, Department of Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Perm, Russia

IDENTITY AS A DETERMINANT OF TRUST IN POWER AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN YOUTH

In the presented study, the phenomenon of trust in power and readiness for political behavior in the aspect of ethnic identity among Russian youth was studied. In the empirical part of the work, a survey was conducted among representatives of the young generation of Russians living in different regions of the Russian Federation, aged 18 to 34 years. The following methods were used as methodological tools: the scale of political trust, the scale of "willingness to participate in political activity", the method of J. Finney, which measures the severity of ethnic identity. As a result, it was found that the political activity and trust in the authorities among young respondents are at a rather low level. Ethnic self-identification of today's youth is little expressed. The results of the regression analysis showed that ethnic identity has an impact on the general level of trust in power, while not affecting the readiness for political activity.

Key words: trust in the authorities, political trust, readiness for political behavior, political cynicism, ethnic identity, Russian youth.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.006

V.A. ZIMIN Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration Samara University, Samara, Russia

MIGRANTS IN THE RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET

The article deals with the migration of foreigners in the Russian labor market using the new Russian legislation. The purpose of the article is to study the problem of international migration in the Russian labor market. To achieve this goal, such tasks were solved as determining the relevance of using the labor of migrants, studying the features of international labor migration and its causes, analyzing the distribution of quotas for issuing quotas for foreign citizens staying in the Russian Federation on the basis of a visa in 2022, work, conducting a social survey among residents of the Samara region on one issue (548 people; October 2021) and analyzing the results. The methods of work were a theoretical review of the literature, research, quantitative and qualitative data analysis. According to the results of the survey, the majority of residents of the Samara region are sure that Russia does not need any labor migrants. In conclusion, the author concludes that the development of special regimes for the employment of foreign workers has not yet been completed and new special mechanisms for the employment of foreign citizens should be expected. For example, the issue of seasonal immigration needs to be resolved (as a rule, seasonal workers are in demand in such areas as agriculture and tourism).

Key words: Russian Federation, labor market, labor migration, quotas, laws.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.007

A.A. MALAKHOV Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Potato Research Center named after A.G. Lorch", Moscow, Russia

THE FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY AS AN ETHICAL PROBLEM AND A POLITICAL STRATEGY

Poverty is analyzed as an economic, social, moral and ethical phenomenon. It is shown that helping the poor and protecting those in need in the modern world are important responsibilities of the state. It is emphasized that the responsibility of the state to ensure that citizens have a choice and a way out of poverty and extreme need is currently perceived as a social norm. The common understanding of anti-poverty policy as a value construct for many countries is the result of a common political and intellectual history and common cultural origins for most countries of the world. Attention is focused on the fact that due to the existence of different approaches to the definition of poverty in different countries, approaches to the implementation of this policy are also different.

Key words: poverty, state policy, natural state, social contract, political condition, poverty criteria, social protection, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.008

V.K. VNUK Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamental Legal and Social-Humanitarian Disciplines of Synergy University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTION PROGRAMS OF PARLIAMENTARY POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE ELECTIONS TO THE STATE PARLIAMENT OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE VIII CONVOCATION

The article provides a comparative analysis of the programs of following Russian political parties that overcame the barrier of 5 percent during the elections to the State Parliament of the Federal Assembly of Russian Federation of the VIII convocation: The United Russia, The Communist Party, The Fair Russia, The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, The New People. The criteria for this analyses is the following: measures in the field of public administration and improvement of the political system, economic policy, social policy, rule-making, international relations. Also this article contains the classification of these parties on ideological grounds.

Key words: political system, parliamentary elections, election program, political parties, State Parliament, content analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.009

N.A. ZOLOTAREV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Political Management Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, RUDN University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.O. GRISHIN Student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, Moscow region state university, Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION PROCESSES AS A GLOBAL SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHENOMENON

In the article, the authors examine the migration processes taking place in modern Europe within the framework of the three most common theoretical approaches to the study of migration. The applied historical-comparative method makes it possible to analyze the five stages of global migration to Europe. Separately, the authors highlight the migration crisis of 2015-2016, which, if there are certain consequences, can become the next stage of migration movements. In addition, attention is focused on the fact that modern approaches to the regulation of migration processes are mainly related to the quantitative regulation of migration, and, therefore, are restrictive rather than formative in nature.

Key words: migration, migration processes, migration policy, national policy, labor market, integration of migrants.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.010

I.V. GONCHAROVA Candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, department of social technologies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES

The present work is devoted to the study of changes taking place in the economic and social spheres within the framework of the formation of the paradigm of sustainable development of the state. The paper analyzes approaches to the definition of sustainable development, economic and social human activity within these approaches, as well as the regulation of human activity by international organizations. Special attention is paid to social technologies aimed at integrating people with disabilities into civil society. The author's research of the Runet media field is given.

Key words: sustainability social technologies, approaches to sutainable development, social inetgration of people with disabilities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.011

Y.A. CHIZHEVSKIY Researcher at the All-Russian public organization "Russian Association political science”, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VALUE-BASED HEALTHCARE MODEL IN RUSSIA

The article attempts to analyze the main provisions of the new model in the field of healthcare management, namely value-based healthcare. Experts believe that this model in the near future will replace the current models of state management of the healthcare sector, which are focused more on quantitative indicators, rather than on the quality of medical care. The specifics of the implementation of aspects of such a model to improve the quality of medical services are considered. The current conditions for testing this model in Russian reality, including initiatives already implemented, as well as the readiness of healthcare stakeholders to implement the VBHC model are analyzed.

Key words: value-based healthcare, VBHC, state policy, healthcare sphere, lobbying, stakeholder, the national project, federal projects.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.012

A.N. MIKHAYLENKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chairman, International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

A.V. KHRAMOVA Postgraduate student of International security and Russian foreign policy chair at the Department of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

The development of Eurasian Economic Union is one of the most important priorities for Russia. Under the influence of a number of factors, including the coronavirus pandemic, Western sanctions against Russia and a number of others, the state of Eurasian integration does not fully correspond to the plans of the EAEU member states and the aspirations of the Eurasian peoples. It is necessary to find new sources for the development of Eurasian integration, which are in harmony with the trends of world development. In this regard, attention should be paid to the concept of EAEU potential. The article discusses the question of what this potential is, how and in what areas of integration construction it can be implemented to increase the efficiency of the EAEU.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, EAEU, European Union, ASEAN, China, potential, civilizational identity, problem, obstacle, reserve, opportunity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.013

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE AND THREATS TO RUSSIA'S DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY

The main operating cyber structures and NATO Centers of Excellence are presented, their key function in the preparation of international legal justifications for the militarization of cyberspace is shown. The role of the NCIRC (National Criminal Intelligence Resource Center), the coordinating and technical center of the NATO Computer Incident Response Force, which provides cyber protection for all NATO information resources, is shown. The potential of the Center for Strategic Communications (NATO Strategic Communications Center of Excellence), co-founded by Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom, is noted, and the main functions of this center in Riga are working with the media, informing about NATO activities using tools public diplomacy, the development of civil-military relations and the conduct of information and psychological operations. The Russian position on the issues of ensuring international information security and digital sovereignty of the state is presented. The Russian system of counteracting cyberattacks is considered, in which an important role is played by the Center for Response to Computer Incidents in the Information and Telecommunication Networks of the Government of Russia, which coordinates the actions of organizations and departments in the field of preventing, detecting and eliminating the consequences of computer incidents. The author notes that the traditional and cybernetic troops of the North Atlantic Alliance do not protect anyone near the borders of Russia, but rather develop and plan new strike, landing and offensive operations.

Key words: NATO Communications and Information Agency, NATO, NATO Response Force Center for Computer Incidents, cyber warfare, socio-political destabilization, digital sovereignty, international information security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.014

V.B. TITOV Doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, professor of the Department of Public Administration and National Security, Faculty of National Security, Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

A.V. MAKAROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Administration and National Security, Faculty of National Security, Institute of Law and National Security, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

COMPREHENSIVE APPROACHES OF RUSSIA TO THE FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION

The article is devoted to the study of topical issues related to the development of a political science approach to the formation of the educational space of the Russian Federation. In the process of analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the isolationist policy towards the integration of national educational systems into the international space are highlighted. The experience of the EU countries in the development of national education systems has been studied. The author's proposal concerning the use of the concept of an observable homeostatic structure for the development and implementation of a strategy for the international integration of the educational space of Russia with the preservation of national sovereignty is substantiated.

Key words: education, educational space, balance of national and international, observed homeostatic structure, national sovereignty, science, culture, identity, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.015

A.A. TUSHKOV Professor, Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

A.P. ALEKHINA Bachelor of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

ETHICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL TEACHINGS AS A PATTERN OF FORMATION CHINA'S CULTURAL IDENTITY

This article is devoted to the traditions, cultural identity and uniqueness of Chinese modern society, which is a current topic. The authors consider the problem by analyzing the main traditional philosophical teachings, mythology and folklore of China. The authors also state that Chinese society has acquired its distinctive features of mentality due to the influence of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral factors. Historical features, traditional customs and cultural manifestations – all this gives Chinese society its uniqueness. This article examines various fac-tors influencing the formation of characteristics of Chinese modern society.

Key words: PRC, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Buddhism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.016

A.K. BOBROV MGIMO – University, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CYCLES OF THE US-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN THE POST-BIPOLAR PERIOD (1991-2021)

The article deals with the cycles of the US-Russia relations in the post-bipolar period (from 1991-2021). Far from depicting bilateral relations from the point of view of the two main approaches – the one that is based on the cycles of nuclear disarmament or the one that rests upon the periods of “rapprochement” that transpire with every coming US President, the author makes an attempt to analyze the US – Russia relations by taking a closer look at their constant features, namely, mutual deterrence, the excessive politization of every domain of cooperation (from economy to culture or sports), the tug-of-war on the status issue that is the root of all differences, a low degree of economic interdependence and, as a result, the dynamics of interpersonal interplay between the heads of states. Thus, the author suggests to address the two countries dialogue through the prism of six eras: two “long” ones – 1991-2000, 2000-2008, four “short” – 2008-2012, 2012-2016, 2016-2020, 2020 onwards, every single one of which will be thoroughly analyzed in the present article.

Key words: the US-Russia relations, cycles, Boris Eltsin, Vladimir Putin, Dimitri Medvedev, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Joe Biden, Moscow, Washington, the Kremlin, the White House.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.017

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. (Economic Sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS PROSPECTS IN CONTEXT OF ISTANBUL CANAL CONSTRUCTION AND BLACK SEA TENSIONS

The construction of the Istanbul Canal will change not only the ecosystem and the movement of ships between the Black and Marmara Seas, but will also radically affect the political situation in the region.

Key words: Russia, Turkey, Montreux Convention, Black Sea, Istanbul Canal, Straits.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.018

A.M. VAFIN Master of Arts in Counselling, PhD in Political Science, associate professor of the Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE IDEOLOGY OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN JAPAN

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory documents of Japan. This analysis is structured not as a legal interpretation, but as a qualitative political analysis. The author believes that there is a non-political corporate ideology of the bureaucracy. In the case of bureaucracy manifest (must manifest) themselves as an ideology of service, service to society and the common good.

Key words: public service, bureaucracy, ideology, political ideology, non-political ideology, policy, politics, common good, political and legal approach, moral politics, ethic, amakudari, kansei dango, Japan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.019

E.S. VASETSOVA PhD in Political sciences, an assistant professor of Institute of Asian and African Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Political Science of the East, Moscow, Russia

D.V. FATKHULLINA Postgraduate student, Institute of Asian and African Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Political Science of the East, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF “SOFT POWER” IN UAE FOREIGN POLICY

The article examines the use of "soft power" in the UAE's foreign policy tools. Currently, "soft power" has become a popular tool in the UAE's foreign policy. The authors conclude that the UAE has considerable experience in the development and application of various areas of "soft power". The UAE has succeeded in creating a positive image in the regional and international arena. The country has become one of the leaders of the Persian Gulf countries in tourism, in the field of science and technology, actively manifests itself in the provision of humanitarian assistance. The UAE is also strengthening its status as a transport hub.

Key words: "soft power", UAE foreign policy, foreign policy mechanisms, UAE.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.020

P.A. KICHAEV Employee, the Academy of the Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation, Orel, Russia

E.N. MALIK Candidate of political sciences, associate professor, the Academy of the Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation, Orel, Russia

AFGHANISTAN'S POLITICAL SYSTEM IN THE NEW ARCHITECTURE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the factors that served the formation and development of the Taliban movement in Afghanistan. The work reveals topical problems of political regime change in Afghanistan. General scientific and special methods of scientific research, such as historical, systemic and comparative legal analysis, were used to conduct the study. By interpreting the specific historical aspects of the change of the political regime in Afghanistan since the beginning of the XX century. revealed ideological contradictions among the ethnopolitical forces of the country. The characterization of the structure of supreme power created by the Taliban within their Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan points to its most important sign, the theocratic foundations.

The conclusion is argued that the transformation of the political system in Afghanistan and the power of the Taliban caused new threats to the countries of the entire Central Asian region. This problem is urgent due to the fact that the solution of the Afghan issue affects the national security of both the countries of Central Asia and Russia. It is justified that the establishment of a truly inclusive Government that adequately reflects the interests of all the main ethnic and political forces in the country is a prerequisite for the completion of the process of national reconciliation in Afghanistan.

Key words: international relations, political power, political system, Afghanistan, Taliban, radicalism, Islamism, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.021

YA.V. OSTASHOVA Postgraduate student, head of pedagogical programs School of Business and International Proficiency, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

SOFT POWER INSTRUMENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF COOPERATION WITH KAZAKHSTAN

Introduction. In the modern world, the export of higher education, the attraction of foreign students is turning into an effective instrument of "soft power" for those states that can take advantage of the consequences of the internationalization of the educational space. Soft power has a wide range of opportunities to influence national security issues, shape the international image of the state, stimulate the development of the country's culture and economy, strengthen national identity, promote a system of democratic values, etc. The purpose of the article is to examine the soft power tools of higher education in Russia in the context of cooperation with Kazakhstan. The objectives of the research are 1) to study the essence of the phenomenon of soft power; 2) a study of the peculiarities of the use of soft power tools by universities in Russia. Methods: systems approach, sociocultural approach, generalization, comparison, institutional analysis, synthesis, abstraction, interpretation, conceptualization Results. In the course of the analysis of the problems under consideration, the key trends in the development of the modern system of higher education in the world are outlined. The foundations and prerequisites for the successful implementation of the soft power strategy in the field of educational and scientific cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan are clearly formulated. The main tools that are formed at the state level, are used by educational institutions of the country and relate to both financial and organizational aspects are described. Conclusions. Soft power is an integration component of Russia's modern foreign policy, which is aimed at establishing long-term ties with foreign citizens. The soft power of the educational system of the Russian Federation in relations with Kazakhstan makes it possible to successfully achieve several goals at once: to receive significant incomes, to increase the competitiveness of their own universities, to maintain leading positions in scientific and technological development; receive political rent to promote national cultural traditions and values.

Key words: soft power, Russia, Kazakhstan, education, university.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.022

D.S. TELEGIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Globalistics at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION

The article is devoted to the analysis of geopolitical concepts that formed the basis of the policy of the United States of America towards the People's Republic of China in the Indo-Pacific region. The purpose of this work is to identify the theoretical foundations of the United States of America policy in the Indo-Pacific region.

The author uses the historical method to study the basic concepts of the most famous representatives of the American geopolitical school, while uses event analysis to create an objective picture of the actions of the United States of America in the Indo-Pacific region. In addition, a number of general scientific methods are used in the work. Based on the analysis, the author identifies the main trends in the development of the political situation in the Indo-Pacific region and assumes that with the deepening of the confrontation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, more and more countries in the Indo-Pacific region will be drawn into this confrontation. The results of the study indicate that the "turn of the United States to Asia" is not only the main strategic priority of the United States of America, but also a consequence of the development of American geopolitical thought.

Key words: geopolitics, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, AUKUS, QUAD.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.023

T.R. BOZOYAN PhD Student of the Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF ASEAN POLICY ON LABOR MIGRATION

Over the past two decades, labor migration in ASEAN has emerged as an important driver of economic growth and development. ASEAN has focused on professional mobility, although in most ASEAN countries migrants are employed in low-skilled jobs. The article examines the causes of labor migration in the South-East Asia region. The author examines the impact of labor migration as an unconventional security challenge for maintaining stability in the region. Despite the tangible impact of labor migration on the ASEAN economy, the social protection afforded to migrant workers is generally negligible, in part due to weak situations in national policies and legal systems, and in the absence of applicable bilateral agreements. The article analyzes the ASEAN policy in the field of social protection of labor migrants.

Key words: ASEAN, labor migration, illegal migration, ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Plan, social protection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.024

I.A. ARZHANOV PhD student, International relations and integration processes department, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STATUS OF THE ARCTIC AS AN ELEMENT OF REGIONAL GEOPOLITICAL RIVALRY

In this article, the author analyzes the features of the modern international legal status of the Arctic. Moreover, the research paper presents persuasive arguments as to why it is important to clarify the essence and relate such terminological concepts as “legal status” and “legal regime” in the context of the Arctic region. The article highlights the conceptual approaches of the Arctic states according to their territorial claims in the polar region. The author notes that the growing atmosphere of rivalry is significantly complicated by the militarization of the region and the expansion of NATO activity. It is emphasized that in the Arctic there is no consolidated legal regime and a special international legal act, which directly regulates the status of the region.

Key words: Arctic, international legal status, sectoral approach, competition.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.025

K.A. VLASENKO Post-graduate student at the Chair of international relations, North-West Institute of management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EU AND US SANCTIONS POLICIES

Sanctions are restrictive measures that can be imposed on states, organizations, companies, individuals, and entities in order to achieve specific foreign policy goals. Thus, they are imposed by the initiating state on the target state and carry not only a compulsion to change the domestic and/or foreign policy of the latter, but also as a factor of deterrence. Sanctions, as restrictive measures, may include the financial, trade, visa, and many other aspects. Sanctions, of course, are not the only instrument of pressure for states in the modern international arena. In addition to sanctions, states have a whole set of foreign policy tools in their toolbox – military force, diplomacy, economic aid, etc. In practice, it is the sanctions that are the most used tool of the major powers in contemporary international relations.

Key words: European Union, United States, Russian Federation, transatlantic partnership, sanctions, crisis in Ukraine.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.026

GAO DAI Postgraduate student at the Institute of Asian and African Countries of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WEIBO AS A TOOL OF PUBLIC SUPERVISION

Since social networks are the main platforms for public communication in modern development conditions, many social and political problems are actualized in this format. Corruption is an international problem and not only professional researchers have a great interest for it, but it is also actual for whole society. The subject of our research is the modern system of anti-corruption measures in China (using Weibo social network as an example), the purpose is to determine the features of the anti-corruption system on Weibo platform. The government uses traditional management methods, which face serious problems in the new social media environment.

This article analyzes the development of social network Weibo in the context of the fighting against corruption, gives a brief description of the Chinese modern anti-corruption system’s features, and considers Weibo as a new method of anti-corruption fighting.

Key words: China, corruption, political process, political problem, anti-corruption, Weibo, new method, tool, public oversight.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.027

S.S. FINKELZON Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science of the East, Institute of Asian and African Countries, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ISRAELI HAREDIM RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE COUNTRY

This paper examines Israeli haredim, who account 12.5% of the total population of the State of Israel. This part of the population has its own special character but cannot be regarded as a monolithic social organism. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Israeli haredim have become one of the most vulnerable group of citizens in the country, because of conservative ultra-Orthodox way of life and high commitment to dedication to the traditional foundations and rules of their society. In the first months of the fight against the pandemic, the restrictions imposed by the state were met by the majority of Israeli haredim rather negatively. The positive dynamics in the question of their adoption of restraining and restrictive measures depended on the opinion of the spiritual leaders of the selected group. The article aims to identify and substantiate the behavioral features of Israeli haredim during the COVID-19 pandemic as a self-isolated segment of the Israeli population.

Key words: Israel, Israeli ultra-Orthodox, Israeli haredim, Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic, domestic politics of Israel.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.028

WU YANBIN Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics, International Security Department Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE BASIS OF THE GEOPOLITICAL CONCEPT «INDO-PACIFIC»

This article examines some of the major factors that have shaped the geopolitical concept of «Indo-Pacific», geographical concept «Indo-Pacific» that has long existed and that countries like Australia and Japan have tried to introduce it into the geopolitical arena. With the rise of China and the extremely close relationship between China and Russia, US has felt strategic pressure from Eurasia. The advancement of China’s Belt and Road has created a more intense competition between China and Japan in the Asian economic sphere, and has also made India feel the geopolitical pressure. Coupled with the fact that China has territorial disputes with both Japan and India, this has weakened the political trust between Japan and India and China. The Sino-Australian relationship has also fallen victim to the deterioration of Sino-American relations due to Australia's natural political trust with the US. In order to limit the maritime power of China and Russia, and to strengthen the economic and trade links between Indian and Pacific Oceans, the US, Japan, India and Australia have politically agreed on the concept of «Indo-Pacific», and reclamed the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad). In particular, the US has adopted a very focused Indo-Pacific strategy, its implementation may further constrain US-China relations, and the «Indo-Pacific region» may change or replace the concept of «Asia-Pacific region», it will deepen the geopolitical differences between the Quad countries with China and Russia.

Key words: Indo-Pacific, geopolitics, China, US, Quad.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.029

A.D. SANZHIEVA Postgraduate student of ISAA Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE DIGITAL AGENCY OF JAPAN AS AN ACTOR OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE

The article examines the activities of the Digital Agency, a new executive body of the Japanese government, established in September 2021. The analysis of the Agency's work makes it possible to trace the trends in the socio-economic and political development of Japanese society, highlight changes in public administration and make forecasts regarding the country's domestic and foreign policy. The subject of the study is the Agency's policy aimed at large-scale digitalization of the Japanese state. The study of this aspect is of great scientific and practical importance, since the Agency assumes the main responsibility for the successful implementation of digitalization.

Key words: digitalization, Japan, political process, information security, digital transformation, Digitalization Agency, digitalization of society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.030

O.N. BASOV Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INSTRUMENTS OF ELITE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER AND INFLUENCE WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (IN CASE OF THE MODERN UNITED STATES)

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) over the past decades have become the same equal participant in the elite struggle as political parties and commercial companies. Elite actors actively use the activities of such organizations in order to influence the political course of the state. Due to the importance of civil society and public opinion in the electoral process, NGOs play especially important role in the modern United States of America. An understanding of the instruments used in this struggle allows to effectively counteract similar attempts to influence Russia's policy in the interests of external actors. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the instruments of the elite struggle for political power and influence with the participation of non-profit organizations using the example of the modern United States. The object of the study is the United States in the period from 2016 to 2021, with an emphasis on the pre-election cycles of 2016 and 2020. The subject of the study is the instruments of the elite struggle for political power and influence with the participation of non-profit organizations in the modern United States. As a result of the study, the author analyzes in detail the structure and examples of the following instruments of the elite struggle for political power and influence with the participation of NGOs: Collection of funds to finance election campaigns; Organization of mass events; Expressing position through the media, public letters to politicians, meetings with politicians and research; Delegation of loyal candidates to the government; Recruitment of former government officials; Lawsuits; Criticism of a politician or his area of responsibility on socially significant issues; Making a split in a more loyal party to strengthen their own influence within it; Using existing splits within a rival party to weaken it.

Key words: elite theory, intra-elite struggle, United States of America, instrumental approach, non-profit organizations, NGOs.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.031

HAZELI REZA Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL LABOR MIGRATION AND TRANSFERS OF MIGRANTS

This article examines some socio-economic parameters of external labor migration in modern Russia and their complex interaction with the political life of the Russian Federation.

The multiplicity of factors of influence and the variety of consequences turn migration processes, including labor migration, into a multifaceted problem. The article presents some of the risks that labor migration to the Russian Federation creates, provoking socio-political instability and other negative consequences.

Key words: migration policy, international labor migration of the population, political aspect, transfer, management of socio-political development, labor migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.032

BARAKAT QAIS ABDULLAH MAHMOUD Postgraduate student of the Russian State Pedagogical University A.I. Herzen, St. Petersburg, Russia

SEIFI MUSTAFA SALEEM MUSTAFA Graduate student of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

ABAHRA MUSHIR IBRAHIM HASSAN Postgraduate student of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY

The paper examines the Russian position according to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as well as the activities of Russian politicians and diplomats in this field. The process of forming Russia's attitude to the parties to the confrontation, as well as the measures taken by the Russian authorities as mediators to resolve the conflict are studied. The purpose of the article is to clarify the role of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in Russian foreign policy nowadays. The objectives of the study include studying the evolution of Russian policy towards this conflict since Soviet times, the formation of Russia's relations with Israel and the Palestinians, and finding out how the Russian Federation can participate in resolving the conflict. The result of the study is the conclusion that at present Russia remains one of the key mediators in the settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, but due to a number of difficulties, there is a low probability of resolving the problem at the present stage. So the Russian position is mainly to strive persuade the parties to refrain from escalating violence.

Key words: Russia, Palestine, Israel, conflict, foreign policy, international relations.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.033

D.D. TARASOCHKINA Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia

E.S. ZRYAEVA Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia

D.S. STEPANKOVA Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN MEDIA RESEARCH ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRESS IN NORTHEAST ASIA

The world of the political is largely discursive, constructed of meaning and conceptual mechanisms. Studies of discourse allows us to deepen our understanding of the processes in political and social systems, to investigate them at a deeper level of meaning and content of its images. Subjective perceptions of citizens about this or that event is constructed by means of mass media, therefore, in our opinion, the discourse analysis of mass media allows to understand precisely the inner message laid down in the news messages. This paper is a variant of the application of discourse analysis in media research. The countries of Northeast Asia and their cutting-edge news outlets and online publications were chosen as case studies. The aim of the paper is to apply discourse analysis strategies in the study of news about COVID-19 vaccination in Russia. The objectives of this work are as follows: to theoretically reveal the essence of discourse analysis; to consider its key strategies; to analyze selected news items based on the research materials. The main methods of work are analysis, synthesis and induction. As a result, we have examined in detail the news about vaccination in Russia, using the materials of news sources from Japan, South Korea and China, we will apply the strategies of discourse analysis.

Key words: mass media, discourse analysis, discourse-historical approach, discursive strategies, public consciousness, foreign media, Japan, Korea, China, COVID-19.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.034

Y.V. BARANOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. LEONOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

PHAM THI MINH HUEN Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION IN THE NORTH PACIFIC

Every year, the ecology of the World's oceans is being enormously damaged, however, the general trend towards environmental degradation does not begin at the same time in the entire marine space, but in each individual water area, depending on what activities the coastal state carries out there. In this regard, it seems relevant to compare the experience of the Northern Pacific countries in this matter and analyze their activities in ensuring the protection of the marine environment from the point of view of legal regulation.

Key words: North Pacific, environmental offenses, marine pollution, legal regulation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.035

А.S. KRAZHAN Student at the Chair of politology, Far East Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE URGENCY OF THE INTRODUCTION OF ANTI-CORRUPTION COMPLIANCE CONTROL IN RUSSIAN BUSINESS

Today in Russia there is an acute issue in solving the corruption problem, including in the private sector. One of the methods for solving corruption problems is compliance, which provides for adherence to established anti-corruption laws, norms and rules. The author came to the conclusion that anti-corruption compliance in the Russian Federation is developing quite intensively. With the help of surveys, analysis and historical method, he revealed that compliance control is so relevant for introduction into Russian business that it needs to be expanded into various forms of entrepreneurship.

Key words: compliance, anti-corruption legislation, corruption, risk, compliance control, Covid-19.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.77.1.036

A.A. DUBININ Student, HSE University, Moscow, Russia

TERRORISM IN THE SAHEL REGION: FRENCH EXPERIENCE AND NEW CHALLENGES

This article examines the current situation in the Sahara-Sahel region with a focus on countering terrorism over the past 7-10 years. The author analyzes the experience of France and its actions in support of the G5 Sahel, aimed primarily at improving the national security of countries, strengthening cooperation, and combating terrorism. In addition, the activities of the current institutions of G5 Sahel, international initiatives and programs in the region are being reviewed. At the end of the work, a summary and assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken are summed up, as well as suggestions are made for further steps to overcome new challenges.

Key words: terrorism, G5 Sahel, Sahara-Sahel region, France.