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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 3 (43), 2019.

CONTENTS

THEORY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

• Kryukova E.V. The Problem of Political Participation in Modern Russia
• Ubilava I.D. Theoretical Aspects of the Transition from a Sovereign Model of Democracy to the Institutional one (On the Example of Russia)
• Gorin V.S. Formation of Ideology Through a Prism of Economic Interests of Classes

POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES

• Muravykh A.I., Nikitenko E.G. System-Synergetic (Integral) War (Part I)
• Boltenkova L.F., Ryabova E.I. Territory of Russian Principalities (IX-XII Centuries.) and Contemporary Relevance of the Issue
• Goncharova L.N. «Center-Periphery» Countries Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Interaction Analysis
• Grishaeva O.N., Nesterchuk O.A., Belyaeva V.P. Scenarios of Stability and Variability of the Institute of the Presidency of the Russian Federation in the Context of Social and Political Transformations
• Avtsinova G.I., Grishin O.E. Modern Political Institutions: Vectors Stability
• Kuzmin A.G. Modernization Risks in Modern Russia: Internet Technologies and External and Internal Security Aspects
• Popov S.I., Sokolov A.A. Using Network Technologies in the Electoral Process: Russia and the World, Prospects and Problems
• Safonova A.S. Youth Political Activity in the Conditions of the Modernization of the Russian Political System
• Talal Taha Suliman Ahmed, Khaled Abdalla Elteraifi Hussein Islam and Politics in Modern Russia

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

• Pyzh V.V. Geopolitical Factor in the System of National Security of the State
• Ivochkina A.S., Shangaraev R.N. Western Countries Influence on Russia-Caspian States Cross-Border Cooperation Development
• Ryzhova K.I. Mechanisms of Creating Political Reality on the Example of Parliamentary Elections in India in 2014
• Maksimkin K.I. Geopolitical Interests of Non-Arctic States in Arctic's Development
• Sayed Mohammad Faiza Afghanistan’s Political Parties
• Adounde Yaovi Sylvester Problems of Political and Economic Development in West Africa
• Kong Dekun Greater Eurasian Partnership and “One Belt and one Road”
• Shir Aka Najibullah Russia's Strategy Towards Afghanistan
• Shumilina D.V. Political Development in Norway: Gender Equality Vectors
• Lee Myoungson Korea and Russia's Public Diplomacy for the Formation of a Trustworthy Country Image
• Jia Yuanpei Cooperation on Natural Gas in China and Central Asia within the Concept of “One Belt, One Way“

Our authors № 3-2019

THEORY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

E.V. KRYUKOVA candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor State University of management, Moscow, Russia

THE PROBLEM OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN MODERN RUSSIA

This paper analyzes the factors that hinder the wide participation of citizens in the political life of the country. In the context of the article, the principles of political "inclusion" and "exclusion" are the main tools of analysis. The definition of "inclusion" and "exclusion" is given. The mechanisms of political exclusion are considered: the coexistence of formal and informal election institutions, the “applied” ideology, social and economic restrictions. Various forms of citizen activity have been studied: civic participation and civic action. The levels (organizational level and level of norms) of the behavior strategy of institutional “outsiders” and “insiders” are considered.

Key words: political participation, “exclusion” and “inclusion”, inclusion and exclusion, political institution, clickocracy, political actor, formal and informal election institutions, “applied” ideology.

I.D. UBILAVA Department of policy analysis and management Russian University of friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSITION FROM A SOVEREIGN MODEL OF DEMOCRACY TO THE INSTITUTIONAL ONE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA)

In the presented article, taking into account sociological and cultural factors, the methodology of the transition of the Russian political system from a sovereign, personified democracy to an institutional, procedural democracy is analyzed. Also, in the work, using the phase of habituation that is mandatory for the dynamic democratization model of D. Rostow, the procedural issues of transit to institutional democracy after the expiration of V. Putin’s presidential term are considered.

Key words: political system, procedural democracy, dynamic model, habituation phase, transit, V. Putin.

V.S. GORIN Graduate student Russian university of transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF IDEOLOGY THROUGH A PRISM OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF CLASSES

The article it is analyzed processes of emergence and disappearance of ideology through a prism of interests of classes, their economic interests. Is defined that is a basis for formation of ideology, its change. The position of the author of rather different directions of axiological approach to an ideology research reveals. In the submitted article the author proves the understanding of the validity and falsehood of ideology. On historical examples it is shown complexity of social development and transition from one socioeconomic structure to another and corresponding changes in basis and a superstructure of the corresponding formation. The interrelation between relations of production, way of production and the ideological relations which result from the economic interests of a class is proved in article. In article process considerations formation of ideology from positions of historical materialism and application of axiological approach to an ideology research is important. The author proved a position concerning the chosen approach to a research of ideology and practically conclusions concerning formation of ideology are drawn during social development and transition from one socioeconomic structure to another. In article the author the dialectic contradiction of formation of a socioeconomic structure expressed in emergence of a new formation and disappearance of an old formation during social development reveals. The discrepancy of productive forces to relations of production speaks historical experience of formation of capitalism in Russia that is the driving mechanism of change of basis of a socioeconomic structure, and together with it and the corresponding ideological relations. The explanation of objectivity of process of emergence of ideology on the basis of relations of production, the economic interests and a way of production in general is important.

Key words: formation of ideology, socioeconomic structure, economic interests, classes.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES AND PROCESSES

A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

SYSTEM-SYNERGETIC (INTEGRAL) WAR (PART I)

The article on the basis of a system-synergistic approach treats the modern peace and military process. The source of the global integral war is the US target to preserve and strengthen their world domination, which today has taken the form of a global economic and political monopoly with an emphasis on power and network methods of struggle. The integrated war of the USA and the West against Russia, based on a system of operations of basic effects in the military, socio-economic and information spheres, is analyzed. Not any direction of domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Federation will be successful in the long term, if the socio-economic system of Russia is not fundamentally changed. An accented blow at Russia in 2019-2020 s is predicted.

Key words: peace-military process, controlled chaos, effect-based operations, network weapons, interests, security, development.

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Institute of public service and administration, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

E.I. RYABOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor, Academy of labor and social relations in Sevastopol, Sevastopol, Russia

TERRITORY OF RUSSIAN PRINCIPALITIES (IX-XII CENTURIES.) AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF THE ISSUE

The article, based on historical sources and scientific literature, characterizes the territory of Russian principalities in the IX-XII centuries (old Russian state.) It shows that in the IX-XII centuries the Ukrainian state did not exist and that Moscow Principality gained strength and became spiritual and political center of Russia. As the center of Russia, Moscow then provided all possible assistance to those who formed the Ukrainian state. The Ukrainian political elite acts counter-historically when denying the Russian origin of their territorial roots.

Key words: state, Russian identity, statehood, law, history, politics.

L.N. GONCHAROVA Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics, Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Belgorod, Russia

«CENTER-PERIPHERY» COUNTRIES GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC INTERACTION ANALYSIS

The relations of the states – regional centers of power with the countries and peoples of the periphery can occur in the format of the so-called "associated-dependent development", when the centers of power are the guarantors of their independence and development sponsors. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that dependence is not always the result of the policies of the states of power centers. Strictly speaking, there is interdependence, largely based on the economic and geopolitical interests of the two sides – the center and the periphery. In other words, they are interconnected and their relationship can be defined through the paired category «center-periphery».

Key words: Geopolitics, geo-economics, "Center", "periphery", regional space, synergetics, regional policy.

O.N. GRISHAEVA Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of History and historical and cultural heritage, Yelets State University I.A. Bunin, Elets, Russia

O.А. NESTERCHUK Doctor in Political Science, Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

V.P. BELYAEVA Deputy director for teaching and educational work, the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow «School №97», Moscow, Russia

SCENARIOS OF STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENCY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

In the article, the authors reviewed some scenarios for the development of the institution of the presidency in modern Russia. The attention is focused on the fact that in the future the institution of the presidency will be strengthened. The expert community explores the prospects for the development of the political system in modern Russia during the fourth presidential term of V.V. Putin and experts immediately began to wonder about the prospects, whether there will be a change to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Russia, V.V. Putin, president, presidency, political system, development scenarios, power.

G.I. AVTSINOVA Doctor of philosophy, Professor, Professor, Department of political science and international relations, Russian state social University, Moscow, Russia

O.E. GRISHIN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

MODERN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS: VECTORS STABILITY

The subject of the study is the changes in political institutions. The strengthening of competition between state and non-state actors in domestic policy is considered. The results of the study are in demand when making political decisions for the transformation of effective social policy into the main mechanism of legitimization of power, the formation of moral requirements for modern politics, the creation and implementation of programs and effective images of political actors. The formation and development of new growth points in Russia is impossible without strengthening the mechanisms for building innovative economic, spiritual and moral potential, ensuring civil peace and harmony.

Key words: politics, political institutions, political system, stability, instability, crisis, political actors.

A.G. KUZMIN Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Chair of social work, Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokina, Syktyvkar, Russia

MODERNIZATION RISKS IN MODERN RUSSIA: INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AND EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SECURITY ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the assessment of threats brought by the new technologies associated with the spread of the Internet in the XXI century in our country. The aim of the work is to consider the reality of such threats connected with the international situation when all the main threads of Internet governance are in the hands of the countries unfriendly to Russia. It’s worth noting that the technical side of the problem, despite its importance, is only one side of the question. The second most important aspect of the study is the analysis of the internal danger for the Russian society caused by the fact that the Internet opportunities have been adapted by the representatives of the right-wing radical Russian nationalism.

The authors make an attempt to review the main reasons that make the use of Internet technologies so attractive for the right-wing radical structures also on the example of the current situation in Ukraine. The article identifies main theoretical and practical difficulties connected with the control over the Internet environment in the fight against radical nationalist manifestations. The paper reviews a number of new legislative initiatives related to the optimization of the Internet in Russia in modern conditions, in connection with the current external and internal political situation. The results of the study may actualize the attention to the problems facing the Russian state and public institutions in connection with the development of new technologies and modernization of mass communication. Perhaps, the findings of the study can be used by the representatives of the Russian authorities to optimize their position in confrontation against xenophobia and radical nationalism most important for the society.

Key words: radicalism, nationalism, "twitter revolution", digital modernization, Internet environment, "hate speech," freedom of speech, xenophobia.

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Assistant Professor at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.A. SOKOLOV Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

USING NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS: RUSSIA AND THE WORLD, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS

The article provides the information about using network technologies in the electoral process (particularly in Russia and some other countries). The object of research is electoral process. The subject of the study is the experience of using network technologies in electoral process. The purpose of the study is to mark the prospects and possible problems by summarizing the international and Russian experience of using network technologies in electoral process.

Key words: network technologies in electoral process, modern elections, Internet elections, Internet voting, Internet and elections, social networks and electoral process, blockchain in electoral process.

A.S. SAFONOVA PhD (Political science), Assistant professor of the department «Advertising and public relations» Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University St. Petersburg, Russia

YOUTH POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM

The article deals with the problems of the youth political potential through the analysis of the “feedback” institutions in the structure of Russia's political system. The author determines that the main institutions of an open political system, which can integrate the political potential of young people are: elections, mass media and civil society, which is represented by a wide range of non-profit organizations. The author assesses the level of development of these institutions, as well as the degree of their openness and attractiveness for young people. It is concluded whether it is possible to consider modern youth as a subject of the socio-political process. Removing the younger generation from participation in democratic institutions, the government is not able to establish constructive two-way communication, which hinders the development of a stable political system capable of controlling the political activity of young people.

Key words: political system, feedback, youth, political participation, media, elections, civil society.

TALAL TAHA SULIMAN AHMED Master in Public Relations and Advertising Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

KHALED ABDALLA ELTERAIFI HUSSEIN Master’s Student of Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ISLAM AND POLITICS IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article describes the role of Islam in modern Russian society. The author reveals the features of the formation of attitudes towards Islam in Russia for several centuries. The postmodern stage is characterized by the development of a simulacrum of terrorism based on terrorist attacks in Europe and the USA. In Russia, there is a rather negative attitude towards the Muslim narrative, although Islam is an integral part of Russian civilization in terms of national security and geopolitics. The author concludes that it is necessary to build a dialogue between the federal center and the "Muslim" regions.

Key words: Russia, identity, Islam, terrorism simulacrum, Sharia courts.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

V.V. PYZH Doctor of Sciences (political sciences), Head of the Chair of social-sciences and humanities of the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, expert of the Defense and Security Commission of the Inter-parliamentary assembly of the CIS Member States, St. Petersburg, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL FACTOR IN THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE

The article is devoted to consideration of the geopolitical factor in the system of national security of the Russian Federation.

Key words: geopolitical factor, Russia, geopolitical theory of the antagonism.

A.S. IVOCHKINA Specialist of Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph. D., Associate Professor of Foreign Policy Public Administration Department of Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

WESTERN COUNTRIES INFLUENCE ON RUSSIA-CASPIAN STATES CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT

The Caspian region is a knot of contradictions, the preservation and actualization of which is due to the uncertainty of the international legal status of the Caspian sea, as well as due to interference in the policies of the countries of the US and the European Union. It should be noted that such countries as China, Turkey, Georgia, Japan have geopolitical interests in the Caspian. However, the greatest influence on the geopolitical situation is exerted by the US and the EU, which consider the Caspian region as an economically promising space, a strategically important territory, with which it is possible to have a serious impact on Russia.

Key words: Russian Federation, Caspian region, USA, EU, cross-border cooperation.

K.I. RYZHOVA postgraduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

MECHANISMS OF CREATING POLITICAL REALITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN INDIA IN 2014

The birth of the media marked the need for education and public awareness through the exercise of freedom of expression. This freedom was embodied with the advent of print media in Indian society long before the independence. Print media in India created platforms for the public debate and gave a touch of individuality to the practice of public rhetoric. They created a kind of mosaic of "public opinions", by combining different views emanating from different parts of the country made up of people with very different religious backgrounds, cultural, economic and educational traditions, thereby creating a political reality. However, the paradox inherent in the structure of political reality is that it is built according to a certain mechanism. In the article the author analyzes the mechanisms of creation of media reality on the example of the elections to the Indian Parliament, held in 2014.

Key words: political media reality, construction of media reality, the role of new media.

K.I. MAKSIMKIN Postgraduate, Department of public administration and national security, Faculty of national security, Institute of law and national security, Russian presidential Academy of national economy and public administration, Moscow, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS OF NON-ARCTIC STATES IN ARCTIC'S DEVELOPMENT

Increased interest in the Arctic region due to its economic and geopolitical significance is shown by non-regional powers and international organizations, primarily China, India and the European Union. Their role and potential influence in the region on the development of mechanisms for international cooperation is increasing and becoming more visible. Non-regional players seek to gain access to the resource wealth of the Arctic and to prevent the institutionalization of the historically established monopoly of the Arctic states in key aspects of the development of the region.

Key words: China, Northern Sea Route, India, European Union, Arctic region, international cooperation, national security.

SAYED MOHAMMAD FAIZA postgraduate student at the Chair of comparative politology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

AFGHANISTAN’S POLITICAL PARTIES

The subject of the article is the creation and functioning of political parties of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The article analyzes the conditions for the creation of a political party and considers actions prohibited for the party. The author of article examines in detail the basic requirements for the political parties and carries out classification of political parties. The consecutive conclusions in the final part of the article are quite logic.

Key words: political party, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the resources of the party, party rights, categories of political parties, party representative office.

ADOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTER postgraduate student at the Chair of political analysis and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WEST AFRICA

The article is devoted to the problems of political and economic development of West Africa, starting with non-governmental organizations as the dominant external actors in the public policy of the West African countries and ending with the prospects of real development in region. The article also contains the concept of "local development, " implying management over a certain territory, where the concept of governance and territory are essential components of the development.

Key words: state, development, International Monetary Fund, financing, limitation, least developed countries, local development, West Africa, industrial clusters, territory, local actors, non-governmental organization.

KONG DEKUN Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok, Russiа

GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP AND “ONE BELT AND ONE ROAD”

The world situation is changing fundamentally. The diplomatic direction and economic development strategy put forward by Russia under the new situation. The integration with the Belt and Road initiative is one of the key factors in achieving this agenda. The high integrating degree of the Sino-Russian development strategy in the field of global, regional and bilateral relations will lay the foundation for success of the cooperation of relevant countries, regions and organizations.

Key words: Eurasian partnership, the Belt and Road initiative, strategic integration, Sino-Russian relations.

SHIR AKA NAJIBULLAH postgraduate student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Kabul, Afghanistan

RUSSIA'S STRATEGY TOWARDS AFGHANISTAN

Over the past 15 years, Russia and the US have been pursuing similar goals in Afghanistan: they sought to prevent chaos and turn the country into a safe haven for terrorists. Such convergence of objectives allowed the two countries to cooperate. However in fact, there were serious differences between them. In the article the author analyzes the strategy of Russia in relation to Afghanistan.

Key words: the policy of Russia, the unipolar system, international relations, war in Afghanistan, settlement of political conflict.

D.V. SHUMILINA postgraduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NORWAY: GENDER EQUALITY VECTORS

The article discusses the political development of Norway in the context of gender equality. It analyzes state attempts to minimize gender inequality over the past 100 years, during which significant changes took place in the political, economic and social spheres of life in Norwegian society. It is shown that a significant modernization of the country's political system has taken place. The characteristic of the existing features of the political development of Norway is given. The analysis of competition for gender equality and the policy of state feminism in the process of modern political development of the state is made. It considers achievements in the process of competition for the establishment of gender equality and the elimination of existing problems. The degree of development of approaches used in Norway in society to minimize gender discrimination is given.

Key words: politics, political development, political system, Norway, gender equality, feminism.

LEE MYOUNGSON post-graduate Department of Korean studies, Eastern federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

KOREA AND RUSSIA'S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY FOR THE FORMATION OF A TRUSTWORTHY COUNTRY IMAGE

The article study on finding models and strategies of public diplomacy for the formation of the image of "trustworthy country." The role of public diplomacy is to create a friendly image of the nation in the minds of foreigners, the formation of a friendly image of the nation and the formation of a national image of trust in the international community can be viewed as one and the same goal.

First, identifies areas of public diplomacy that are needed in stages, based on a communication model in the field of public diplomacy, in order to gain the trust of the foreign public. Secondly, examine the status of South Korea and Russia in the international community and the reality of the national image through various indicators (NBI, SPI, national reputation). Discuss the need for a strategy of public diplomacy in order to gain “global confidence”, looking at the model of public diplomacy, a necessary area for improving the image of foreign countries of the two countries.

Key words: Public diplomacy, Trust countries, National brand index, Image formation, National reputation.

JIA YUANPEI graduate student at the Chair of political science of the Eastern Institute – School of regional and international studies of the Far East Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

COOPERATION ON NATURAL GAS IN CHINA AND CENTRAL ASIA WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF ONE BELT, ONE WAY

The region of Central Asia possesses rich reserves of natural gas, besides the countries of Central Asia actively develop resources of natural gas and continuously increase production volume and volume of export. In connection with the implementation of export diversification, the region has become a world power and is competing for attention. While China, with its large population and huge consumption of gas resources, is heavily dependent on natural gas imports, and the external degree of dependence increases every year. At present, the share of Central Asia in the market of natural gas imports in China is about 50%. Thus, Central Asian natural gas still occupies an important strategic place in the structure of China's natural gas supply.

Key words: China and Central Asia, natural gas, the Belt and the Road.

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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 2 (42), 2019.

CONTENTS

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

• Malashenko A.V., Nisnevich Yu.A., Ryabov A.V. Challenges and Threats of Post-Industrial Development of Civilization
• Goncharova L.N. Regional Countries Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Interaction Analysis

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Pusko V.S. The Securiti of Civil Society: the Problem of Providing
• Chemshit A.A., Statsenko O.S. Ukrainian Political Project: from State Insufficiency to Social Degradation
• Glebov V.A., Grossman O.D., Grishin V.O. Methods of Countering the Spread of Radical Ideas in Russia: Current View
• Popov S.I., Simonov N.V. Problems of Morality of the Modern Russian People
• Gokoeva K.V. Role of the Public Relations in Enhancing the Legitimacy of Executive Decisions
• Mochalova V.D. Joining of Crimea to Russia as a Natural Reorganization of the Post-Soviet Space
• Ofitserov M.A. The Multidimensionality of the Essence of Leadership in Local Government

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• Sidorova G.M., Lunev S.I. Destabilization in the African Great Lakes Region as a threat to International Security
• Pashchenko L.V. Russia's National Interests in the Arctic and the Problems of their Implementation
• Biryukov P.E. Confessional and Intercultural Conflicts in the Space of the ITC: Specificities and Ways to Solve them
• Valiev J.Sh. Political Aspect of the Muslims’ Integration in Germany in the Context of Hartmut Esser's Assimilation Paradigm
• Karimova D.F. Diplomatic Relations Between Tajikistan and Kazakhstan in the Period of Independence
• Pussurmanova A.A. Eurasian Integration in Modern Conditions
• Toubasi Salem The Decision-Making System of the League of Arab States and its Impact on Arab Integration
• Salim Haval Mahdi Modern Iraq: Peculiarities of Political Processes and Kurdish Autonomy
• Freddy Agonnude Democracy at the Service of South Africa's Foreign Policy

Our authors № 2-2019

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICY

A.V. MALASHENKO Full professor, Dr. Sci. (Histor. Sci), Chief Researcher of the Dialogue of Civilizations Research Institute, Berlin, Germany

Yu.A. NISNEVICH Full professor, Dr.Sci. (Pol.Sci.), professor, Department of Political Science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

A.V. RYABOV Ph. D. (Histor.Sci), lead researcher at Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF POST-INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATION

This article studies challenges and threats in post-industrial development of the civilization. Information challenges include information inequality between countries and regions; information stratification of society; cybercrime; cyberwarfare; difficulty in protection of intellectual property rights, copyright and related rights; increased information and communication threats to privacy; advanced technological capabilities for information manipulation of public opinion. There is a rise in environmental threats, including air pollution and climate change. In future, revolutionary changes in biotechnology and genetic engineering can lead to the social problem of vital inequality causing stratification by the quality of life. Migration as an integral part of globalization brings about new issues of inter-ethnic, inter-confessional and inter-cultural exchange. The rise of Islamism plays an important role in the actualization of this trend. Religious radicalism, of Islamic or any other kind, contributes to the development of terrorism and destruction of internal stability of modern societies. The main political threats of post-industrial transit are separatism, which endangers the stability of public authorities and integrity of the country, and modern terrorism, most common ideological ground of which is religious extremism of Islamic type. Threats and challenges of postindustrial transit bring up the question of whether they can be successfully overcome under the conditions of post-Fordist model of capitalism and whether it can be preserved as the economic basis of the planetary civilization.

Key words: civilization, post-industrial transit, information challenges, environmental threats, vital inequality, Islamism, separatism, terrorism.

L.N. GONCHAROVA Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics, Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Belgorod, Russia

REGIONAL COUNTRIES GEOPOLITICAL AND GEO-ECONOMIC INTERACTION ANALYSIS

The relations of the states – regional centers of power with the countries and peoples of the periphery can occur in the format of the so-called "associated-dependent development", when the centers of power are the guarantors of their independence and development sponsors. Moreover, it should be borne in mind that dependence is not always the result of the policies of the states of power centers. Strictly speaking, there is interdependence, largely based on the economic and geopolitical interests of the two sides – the center and the periphery.In other words, they are interconnected and their relationship can be defined through the paired category «center-periphery».

Key words: geopolitics, geo-economics, "Center", "periphery", regional space, synergetics, regional policy.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

V.S. PUSKO Doctor of Science (philosophy) professor, professor of Departament of humanities VA RVSN then Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

THE SECURITI OF CIVIL SOCIETY: THE PROBLEM OF PROVIDING

The article deals with the most general aspects of ensuring the security of civil society in Russia in modern conditions.

Keу words: civil society, power, security, national security, political modernization, social movements, parties.

A.A. CHEMSHIT Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor of the Department of “Political Science and International Relations”, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

O.S. STATSENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Docent, Sevastopol State University, Law institute, Head of Faculty, “Theory and History of State and Law”, Sevastopol, Russia

UKRAINIAN POLITICAL PROJECT: FROM STATE INSUFFICIENCY TO SOCIAL DEGRADATION

There are a political analysis of Ukrainian political project. The idea of state insufficiency of modern Ukraine is singled out. The analysis shows that Ukraine for a quarter of a century has not been able to overcome any of the crisis stages: identity, penetration, legality, participation and distribution and has not found in the strict sense of mandatory signs of statehood.

The dynamics of socio-economic and humanitarian-political problems of irreversible order or otherwise – systemic degradation of society is traced. We are talking about the shadow economy, deindustrialization of the country, demographic collapse, the crisis of the educational system, total corruption, folding carnival political culture, moral degradation.

Key words: Ukrainian political project, state insufficiency, crises of statehood formation, corruption, shadow economy, deindustrialization, degradation of society.

V.A. GLEBOV Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

O.D. GROSSMAN Master of Political Science, Moscow, Russia

V.O. GRISHIN Student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, Moscow region state university, Moscow, Russia

METHODS OF COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF RADICAL IDEAS IN RUSSIA: CURRENT VIEW

Radicalism is a real threat to the multinational people of the Russian Federation. Radical ideas, sometimes, enjoy a certain popularity and are set forth in the programs of political parties and movements in Russia. We consider methods to counter the spread of radical ideas. Effective methods are socio-cultural and educational, in which there is a direct influence on the population of the country and the introduction of the ideas of tolerant attitude towards others. These methods are not obsessive and are effective in modern political processes. The authors complement the existing gap in this direction of Russian political science.

Key words: radicalism, sociocultural method, educational method, idea, Russia, Constitution, media, cinema.

S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

N.V. SIMONOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF MORALITY OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN PEOPLE

In the article, the authors consider the problems of morality of the modern Russian people. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes, explain the consequences and show possible ways to eliminate problems with morality in society.

Key word: morality, problems of morality, education, religion, society.

К.V. GOKOEVA postgraduate student of the Department of general history and political science, North-Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia

ROLE OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING THE LEGITIMACY OF EXECUTIVE DECISIONS

The article is summarizing the results of the author’s studies of the role of the PR in increasing the legitimacy of executive decisions in the process of formation of the information society. As the method of research, the author has chosen a theoretical review of various approaches to the development of the issue of legitimization and political communications existing in the domestic and foreign scientific literature. It is established that the conceptualization of the relationship between the public opinion and the level of legitimacy of the executive political decisions, from the point of view of the considered theories, in the pragmatic aspect will contribute to the expansion of high-quality communicative interaction between the public and the executive authorities, to the growth of its legitimacy through the search of compromises and social consensus. The author has analyzed modern requirements to the PR activities of the executive authorities as a variety of political communications from the position of the relational paradigm and revealed the specifics of their use by the executive authorities for the purposes of formation of public opinion in the process of legitimization of political decisions.

Key words: the executive power, decisions of executive authorities, legitimacy, legitimation strategy, public opinion, factors, communications, PR, relational paradigm.

V.D. MOCHALOVA graduate, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

JOINING OF CRIMEA TO RUSSIA AS A NATURAL REORGANIZATION OF THE POST-SOVIET SPACE

Relations between Russia and Ukraine are the relations of two fraternal Slavic States and are of great importance for Russia's foreign policy, since for more than one century Ukraine has been of interest to the West in the context of geopolitical struggle with Russia. Historically, countries such as Poland, Lithuania and Austria have shown interest in Ukraine. Now the United States and the European Union. The fact that Russia and Ukraine have historically always been a single state, suggests that Kiev was once the capital of Kievan Rus.

The article deals with political relations between Crimea, Russia and Ukraine in the context of the reorganization of the post-Soviet space.

Key words: foreign policy, Crimea, Russia, Ukraine, autonomy, USSR, UN, referendum.

M.A. OFITSEROV post-graduate student of the faculty of state and municipal government, the Russian Presidential Academy Of National Economy And Public Administration, brunch Northwest Institute of Management, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

THE MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF THE ESSENCE OF LEADERSHIP IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The results of the functioning of the political system, the adoption and implementation of political decisions depend on people on their political activity and competence, their attitude to power structures, their ability to influence the direction of the activities of government institutions. It is the person (political leader) who is primary in the system of government and society. Considering the above, the complex of problems associated with the system of formation and training of political leaders both on a national scale and at a regional level is of particular relevance. So, the above circumstances determined the necessity and timeliness of research on the specified issues. The purpose of the article is to study the multidimensional essence of leadership in local governments. Modern intelligence of political leadership is carried out using deductive and inductive, ideographic and nomothetic approaches within the whole complex of sciences: philosophy, history, political science, sociology, psychology, etc. In the process of research, the content and categorical essence of leadership in local governments is viewed through the prism of such approaches how: leadership is the source of power, leadership as the ability of a person, leadership as a process of satisfying needs. An analysis of the existing scientific heritage allowed us to identify four main approaches to its interpretation: perception of leadership in local government as the power of one or a group of individuals; leadership as an individual psychological phenomenon of the personality of a leader; leadership as a reaction to a certain situation, leadership as a phenomenon that arises only when there is a socio-historical need for people to organize their activities to meet their personal and collective needs in optimal time with an optimal result. Considering the results of the study, the article articulates the author’s vision of the phenomenon under study, according to which leadership in the local government system can be represented as a socio-political-psychological process in a team or group, caused by a specific situation and built on the influence of a leader’s personal authority on overall result on a mutually beneficial basis.

Key words: leadership, local government, activity, phenomenon.

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

G.M. SIDOROVA Doctor of Political Sciences (Dr. Habil), Professor of the Department of theory and history of international relations, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia (Author ID: 590030)

S.I. LUNEV undergraduate student of international relations, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia

DESTABILIZATION IN THE AFRICAN GREAT LAKES REGION AS A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

The authors of the article attempt to identify the causes of military and political processes which have been destabilizing the situation in the Great African Lakes Region (GALR) over the past decades. Among the tasks set are: the analysis of the causes of armed conflicts in the region, including ethnic, political and social factors. Clashes of interests of illegal armed groups of Congolese, Ugandan, Rwandan or Burundian origins involved in the illegal exploitation of natural resources of the GALR, result in local conflicts both between the armed groups themselves and with the army units of the DR Congo. The militants terrorize the civilian population, forcing people to abandon their homes in search of safer places. As a result, new emerging problems require research – humanitarian crises and human rights violations. As a result of the migration of different ethnic groups to new settlements, other local conflicts emerge. The already-existing conflicts overlap with the new ones. An important area of study is the social rehabilitation of such a group as "child soldiers". At an early age they are kidnapped by militants, who make of them juvenile criminals. They use their slave labor, force to fight and plunder. Traumatized psychologically and incapable of peaceful life, teenagers are forced to obey warlords in order to avoid violence. Using event analysis and methods of empirical political science, the authors came to the conclusion that the solution to the problem of ending armed conflicts in the GALR and the establishment of peace in the region is the task not only of local authorities, but of the entire world community. This is especially important in the context of global peace and hybrid wars, when any instability in any region of the world can be considered as a threat to international security.

Key words: Africa, Great African lakes Region, international security, illegal armed groups, armed conflicts, humanitarian disasters, “child soldiers”.

L.V. PASHCHENKO Candidate of Sciences (philosophy), Associate Professor at the Chair of history and law, Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia

RUSSIA'S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN THE ARCTIC AND THE PROBLEMS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

Based on the analysis of the conceptual documents of the Russian Federation the article determines Russia’s national interests in the Arctic, as well as the problems of their implementations. The importance of the Arctic zone for the strategic development of Russia is determined primarily by the natural resource potential that forms the basis for the country’s sustainable development. Along with the resource potential, of particular importance is the use of the possibilities of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a national transport highway. The special status of the Arctic is determined also by the geopolitical factor, the need to ensure the country’s military security. At the present stage, the leadership of the country have taken serious steps to implement the planned national projects, however, along with the successes the author notes negative trends related to the worsening of the demographic situation in the region, growing shortage of professional staff and insufficient funding.

Key words: the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, national interests, region, Arctic, Northern Sea Route, transport hub.

P.E. BIRYUKOV postgraduate student, Institute of Law and National Security at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

CONFESSIONAL AND INTERCULTURAL CONFLICTS IN THE SPACE OF THE ITC: SPECIFICITIES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

The importance of international transport corridors (ITC), including on the territory of the Russian Federation, necessitates of supporting their safety. The article analyzes the confessional and intercultural conflictogenic potential of the ITC spaces. The analysis of existing religious and cultural conflicts allowed to systematize and classify them. The author summarizes the international experience of confessional and intercultural conflict resolution, choosing the methods suitable for use in ITC activities. The practical significance of the article is the correlation of these conflicts with the activities of the ITC and the selection of ways to solve them, taking into account international experience.

Key words: ITC, international transport corridors, conflicts, confessional conflicts, religious conflicts, intercultural conflicts, conflicts in the space of the ITC, ways to resolve conflicts.

J.Sh. VALIEV postgraduate student at the Department of politology and mass communications, Financial University at the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ASPECT OF THE MUSLIMS’ INTEGRATION IN GERMANY IN THE CONTEXT OF HARTMUT ESSER'S ASSIMILATION PARADIGM

The article considers migration processes and models of integration of the Muslim migrants in modern Germany. The authors describe the origin and content of such concepts as "assimilation" and "integration." They discuss the possibility of adapting the American model of "assimilation" in the European context in respect of integration of Muslim migrants. They analyze the efforts of the German Federal government aimed at discussion and development of the integration program with the representatives of the Muslim minority.

Key words: migration to Germany, Muslim minority, the host society, cultural conflicts, integration programs and processes, assimilation model.

D.F. KARIMOVA postgraduate student at the Chair of political analyses and management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN TAJIKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN IN THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

The guarantor of maintaining the geopolitical balance in the Central Asian region for Tajikistan is the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the proposed article is to assess modern Tajik-Kazakh relations in the conditions of state independence of the Republic of Tajikistan. The article discusses the stages of formation of the foreign policy of Tajikistan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The article highlights Tajik-Kazakh cooperation within the framework of the SCO, CIS, CSTO, OSCE and the UN. The Republic of Tajikistan actively participates in solving various problems, such as the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking, strengthening and ensuring stability in the region, on the basis of an open-door policy. The development of diplomatic relations of the Republic of Tajikistan with the countries of Central Asia, in particular with the Republic of Kazakhstan in conditions of independence from 1991 to 2018, is considered in more detail. Considered legal base between the two states.

Key words: Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Kazakhstan, foreign policy, Central Asian region, diplomatic relations, strategic partner, national security.

A.A. PUSSURMANOVA Postgraduate, Department of Political Science and Political Philosophy, Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

EURASIAN INTEGRATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

One of the main characteristics of the modern world is the growing chaos in international relations, economic and political crises at the global and regional levels. Against the background of the recent global economic crisis, many regions are accelerating integration, and many countries prefer regional associations as a mechanism that will help them overcome the global recession.

Key words: integration, Eurasia, Russia, development, economy, crisis, organization.

TOUBASI SALEM postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Politics of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Palestine

THE DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM OF THE LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES AND ITS IMPACT ON ARAB INTEGRATION

This paper analyzes the decision-making system of the League of Arab States, and its impact on Arab integration in terms of institutionalism and integration theory. The League of Arab States makes its decisions on the basis of cooperation and negotiations. The paper focuses on the method of decision-making and how could it lead to a mutual policy and unanimous actions. The author believes that this system does not have effective operations, in practice at the regional level. Even in economic or security spheres, when member states have more mutual interests, the cooperation of integration of the League of Arab States is limited by political framework with minimal agreements as their results. The author suggests using the experience of the European Union, according to which a supranational institution should propose a project, monitor the development and implementation of the policies and behavior of the countries concerned. Integrative direction and prospects of The League of Arab States depends on its future decision-making system.

Key words: Arab League, decision-making system, Arab cooperation, Arab regional cooperation, political integration in Arab countries, Arab Union, European integration, Middle East International Organizations.

SALIM HAVAL MAHDI postgraduate student Department of Political Analysis and Management Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

MODERN IRAQ: PECULIARITIES OF POLITICAL PROCESSES AND KURDISH AUTONOMY

The article is devoted to the political process in Iraq which today occupy a special place in international relations. The domestic and foreign policy pursued by the government of Iraq and as well as the problem of the Kurdish issue, becomes the focus of events. The purpose of the article is to study the military-political processes and their influence on the political situation in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan in the context of their political development regarding the current stage and taking into account this religious confession.

Key words: referendum, independence, voting, parliament, mandate, war, political system, state, Kurds, foreign policy, refugees.

FREDDY AGONNUDE postgraduate student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

DEMOCRACY AT THE SERVICE OF SOUTH AFRICA'S FOREIGN POLICY

The article considers the place and role of democracy and human rights in the South Africa's foreign policy. The author analyzes the process of change in the South Africa's foreign policy after the fall of the apartheid regime and transition to democracy. The author gives characteristics of foreign policy under different South Africa’s presidents from 1994 to 2018 and analyzes foreign policy steps made by South Africa in the field of peacekeeping and protection of human rights in the African continent.

Key words: Apartheid, foreign policy, democracy, human rights, the African National Congress, South Africa, BRICS.