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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 6 (46), 2019.

CONTENTS

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLICY HISTORY

• Boltenkova L.F., Alekhnovich S.O. On the Continuity of the Russian Statehood
• Larkina M.A., Kargina A.A., Belyaeva V.P. Political and Legal Regulation of Lobby Activities: Theoretical Discourse
• Akopyan A.G. Thinking and Responsibility in Political Philosophy of Hannah Arendt

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Butaev U. The Problem of Real Sovereignty in Today's Complex World
• Sardaryan H.T. Causes of the Christian Democracy Crisis in Western Europe
• Tyan V.V. On the Nature of Evolution of Power in the Phase of Overcoming Political Turbulence and in the Conditions of Political Stability
• Dobrynina M.V. Reforms of the Soviet Engineering Education in 1926-1940: Victory of the Project of Political Modernization and Political Pragmatism
• Ubilava I.D. Restructuring the Post-Soviet Space According to the Eurasian Scenario – “Putin's Doctrine”

POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

• Milenin A.M. Modern Forms of Political and Civic Activity of European Youth

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Velikaya N.M. Transforming of Local Government in the Small and Medium Cities of Russia: Expert’s Appraisals
• Lobach N.D. The Role JF Cooperation Between Businesses and the Government in the Geo-Branding Structure of the Russian Federation Regions

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

• Akifi Ahmad Khaybar Information Wars as one of the Objective Indicators of the “Soft Force”
• Ponomarew V.V. New Wars: Low Intensity Conflicts and PMCS
• Puren K.A. Russia's Interests in Irano-Saudi Conflict

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

• Milka Malfait, Chernyavskiy S.I. The Russia-EU Perspective: National Security and Counterterrorism from a Different Angle
• Rustamova L.R. Social and Humanitarian Cooperation of Russia and Germany in the Period of Sanctions
• Кurbonova Z.M. Tajik-Uzbek Relations in a New Aspect of the Geopolitical Dimension. Part II
• Shamarov P.V. Peacekeeping African Union: Political and Legal Features
• Brusilovskii D.A., Esipov I.I. Two Worlds – Two Integration: the Specificity of the Contact of Civilizations, Islamophobia
• Vostrikov N.Yu. Sovereignty of the Golan Heights: a Key Factor in Israel's National Security
• Palilov D.E. Political Aspects of Development of International Transport Corridors in the EAEC
• U Ting Influence of China's Foreign Policy Concept “Community of the Common Way” on Russia
• Zhchao Tientian Public Diplomacy and the Building of China’s National Image under the “One Belt – One Way” Initiative
• Urigaev V.V. The Hierarchy of Values of the President of Georgia S. Zurabishvili as an Axial Factor in the Formation of Foreign Policy
• Evstigneev R.A. Noocratic Trends in World Political Transformation in the Context of Forming the New World Order
• Chung M. EU Policy in Central Asia: Values, Interests, Dilemmas
• Demenin K.G. On the Creation of the German Empire
• Zvereva E.G., Caistro M.S. The Foreign Trade and Investment Strategy of the PRC in Africa in the XXI Century

Our authors № 6-2019

THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND POLICY HISTORY

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, IPAM Ranepa under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

S.O. ALEKHNOVICH Ph.D. (philosophical science), Moscow, Russia

ON THE CONTINUITY OF THE RUSSIAN STATEHOOD

Based on the historical experience of Russia, the article puts forward and proves the thesis that the Rurik period is one continuous process of construction of the Russian multi-ethnic statehood: Novgorod – Kiev, Rostov – Suzdal, Vladimir – Moscow. Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians as branches of one tree and they are the heirs of Ancient Russia, which obliges them to jointly build the Russian world.

Key words: continuity, statehood, Ancient Rus, Russian world, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine.

M.A. LARKINA candidate of Political Sciences, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

A.A. KARGINA master of Political Science, specialist information and analytical work of the Center for Strategic Initiatives – Project Office, Tolyatti State University, Tolyatti, Russia

V.P. BELYAEVA deputy director for teaching and educational work, the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Moscow «School № 97», Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF LOBBY ACTIVITIES: THEORETICAL DISCOURSE

The article analyzes the modern lobbying activities in theoretical discourse. The problems of lobbying activities in different countries are highlighted. The necessity of creating bills regulating lobbying activities in Russia has been demonstrated. The research results complement the existing approaches to the study of this phenomenon.

Key words: lobbying activities, Russia, USA, UK, Germany, France.

A.G. AKOPYAN Postgraduate Department of Theoretical and Applied Political Science, Institute of Philosophy, Social and Political Sciences, Southern Federal University, Russia, Rostov-on-Don

THINKING AND RESPONSIBILITY IN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF HANNAH ARENDT

The bureaucratic apparatus has a traditional hierarchical structure. In view of this fact, officials at lower levels do not possess the equal degree of power. Using the method of deep reading, the article cites lack of thinking and a low sense of personal responsibility as the main reasons for the lack of resistance and eternal obedience to the orders of the superiors. The article also discusses the Arendtian understanding of the role of memory and the essence of bureaucratic language.

Key words: responsibility, bureaucracy, thinking, obedience to orders, Hannah Arendt.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

U. BUTAEV Doctor of Sciences (philosophy), Uzbek National University, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

THE PROBLEM OF REAL SOVEREIGNTY IN TODAY'S COMPLEX WORLD

The article analyzes the aspects of actualization of the issue of meaning and significance of sovereignty and real sovereignty in the process of ensuring security and stability in space.

Key words: people, nation, state, society, national interest, sovereignty, information security.

H.T. SARDARYAN Candidate of political science, Dean at School of Governance and Politics, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia

CAUSES OF THE CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY CRISIS IN WESTERN EUROPE

The article discusses the causes and features of the Christian democracy crisis in the West European countries in the second half of the XX century and at present stage. The author notes that the crisis manifests itself in several ways: on the one hand, it is expressed in a significant decrease of electoral support of the Christian – democratic parties in most Western European countries, and, on the other hand, in the crisis state of the European Union as a United Europe integration project, the founders of which were the authors of the concept of the European “Christian Republic.” The article analyzes both “external” and “internal” reasons for the loss by the Christian Democrats of their ruling status in Europe. In the author’s opinion, the desire of Christian Democrats to expand their own electoral base by “secularizing” their ideology and departing from the fundamental Christian democratic principles were the main factors that contributed to the development of the crisis.

Key words: Christian democracy, Christian Democrats, European Union, EU, EEC, integration, democracy, liberalism, socialism, elections, de Gaulle, Angela Merkel.

V.V. TYAN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of Advertising and Public Relations, Institute of Economics and Culture, Moscow, Russia

ON THE NATURE OF EVOLUTION OF POWER IN THE PHASE OF OVERCOMING POLITICAL TURBULENCE AND IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL STABILITY

The article is devoted to the study of the nature of the evolution of power in the phase of overcoming political turbulence and in conditions of stable political stability in society.

In the modern political world, the investigated political plot is not new, but the practice reveals the peculiarities and new moments in the subject-relatedness of power. In modern Russian society, the phase of political turbulence was replaced by a phase of political stability with repetitions and variations. At the same time, little attention was paid to the nature of the evolution of power in a changing political reality. The reflexive-conflicting nature of the evolution of power in the phase of political turbulence and the neoconservative-adaptive character during a period of political stability are predetermined by the current trend of political development. Giving more efficiency to regional management would free up central management for solving strategic tasks. Such a prospect appears with stable political stability in society after the ethical overcoming of political turbulence. With the inertia of political stabilization, the adaptive nature of the evolution of power is revealed.

Key words: adaptability, consensus, political power, stability, turbulence, control, nature of power evolution.

M.V. DOBRYNINA Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology (MIET), Zelenograd, Russia

REFORMS OF THE SOVIET ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN 1926-1940: VICTORY OF THE PROJECT OF POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND POLITICAL PRAGMATISM

In the article the author puts forward the thesis that in 1926-1940 the state policy in relation to engineering education determined the project of forced modernization of the state and society. It is noted that while maintaining the policy of state-party paternalism and proletarianism, in the second half of the 20s, the policy is characterized by the following trends: the correlation of the content of political decisions with the "party factor"; the completion of class reorganization of society; the implementation of the project of forced industrialization and mobilization of the economy "from above"; creation of an army of "labor reserves" capable of carrying out a mobilization project. It is stated that by the beginning of the 40-ies the political demand for the growth of the number of technical personnel was satisfied: the country created a system of reproduction of the army of "labor reserves" of the party and the state, loyal to the policy of the party and capable of implementing the mobilization project.

Key words: educational system, engineering education, Revolution, Military communism, proletarization, paternalism, industrialization, modernization, labor reserves.

I.D. UBILAVA Department of policy analysis and management Russian University of friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

RESTRUCTURING THE POST-SOVIET SPACE ACCORDING TO THE EURASIAN SCENARIO – “PUTIN'S DOCTRINE”

The article discusses the key aspects of the geopolitical reorganization of the post-Soviet space, which are more likely to contain the expansionist policy of the United States. To this end, we considered it expedient for the Russian Federation to conceptually develop a strategy similar to the “Monroe Doctrine”. In the article, it is conventionally called the “Putin Doctrine”.

Key words: Geopolitics, reorganization, United States, expansionary policy, “Monroe Doctrine”, Russian Federation, strategy, “Putin’s Doctrine”.

POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY

A.M. MILENIN graduate student of the Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

MODERN FORMS OF POLITICAL AND CIVIC ACTIVITY OF EUROPEAN YOUTH

The article, based on the EUYOUPART survey data, presents an analysis of the political participation of the EU youth. The author explains the low level of participation. However, in his opinion, the most popular forms of political participation among young people are not considered in surveys. The article outlines the main political goals of young people and modern means that young people are more likely to achieve. Particular attention is paid to protest movements in the article, their important role in the political process is noted, especially in the conditions of the decline of traditional instruments of political participation of young people. Features of the organization and mobilization of modern protest movements are given. The relevance of this article is due to similar problems in the political participation of the youth of the EU and Russia, which allows us to look at the problem of the decline of political participation of national youth on the other hand.

Key words: youth political participation, EU youth policy, youth protest.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

N.M. VELIKAYA Doctor of Political Sciences, professor, Head of Department of Political Sociology and Social Technologies of Russian State university for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMING OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE SMALL AND MEDIUM CITIES OF RUSSIA: EXPERT’S APPRAISALS

This article is based on the results of complex sociological research and it analyze features of Local Government evolution in the small and medium cities of Russia in the context of last reforms of local power, which is connected with implementation of the Federal Law № 131. Mainly this reform was followed by changing of organizational forms of local government, by enlarging of municipalities, by unification and adopting so-called “city manager” model, by spreading majority and mixed electoral system. Influence of these reforms on effectiveness of decision making process and on attitudes of local communities towards local power is estimated as well. Special attention is paid to analyzes of expert interviews, which let us conclude that unification of local governments’ models is not relevant to the needs of local communities, but it is put into practice for the benefit of regional political and managerial elites.

Key words: local government, local power, municipality, small and medium cities.

N.D. LOBACH Graduate student, Department of Political Science and International Relations Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE JF COOPERATION BETWEEN BUSINESSES AND THE GOVERNMENT IN THE GEO-BRANDING STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGIONS

This article is devoted to the search for mechanisms to improve the process of geo-branding of the Russian Federation regions with a new approach to cooperation between the government and business structures, during which the main aspects and roles of the process participants revealed.

The author proposes a program for joint analysis in the search for a mechanism to improve the process of geo-branding of the Russian Federation regions, for structuring and further development of the innovation potential of the regions with a view to the subsequent development of a unique geo-brand of the territory. It also notes the development significance for all subjects of regional socio-political and economic life and describes its basic aspects of work. In addition, the questions of financing the proposed program were taking into consideration, describing the benefits for its participants. The main thesis of this article is the need for legislative regulation of the program for joint analysis, structuring and further development of the innovation potential of the regions with a view to the subsequent development of the unique geo-brand of the territory.

Key words: Region, geo-branding, potential development program, innovation, investment attractiveness, government and business, interaction, corporate social responsibility.

POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY

AKIFI AHMAD KHAYBAR post-graduate student of Russian State Social University, Kabul, Afghanistan

INFORMATION WARS AS ONE OF THE OBJECTIVE INDICATORS OF THE “SOFT FORCE”

The article reveals the objective performance indicators of "soft force" of the countries on the world stage and describes the main manifestations of such indicators as culture, education, digitalization and business climate. The attention is focused on the role of information and the degree of information impact on the society within the framework of “soft force” implementation. The author defines information war and its relationship with the “soft power.” The author notes the complex nature of the “soft power” and the possibility of information warfare.

Key words: soft power, information war, objective indicators, foreign policy.

V.V. PONOMAREW Postgraduate student, Diplomatic academy of the MFA of Russia, Russia, Moscow

NEW WARS: LOW INTENSITY CONFLICTS AND PMCS

The article is devoted to the consideration of the so-called "new wars» – low-intensity conflicts (interstate, intra-state, asymmetric – between, for example, the state and a terrorist group), which take place in the modern world and often occur with the participation of Private military/security companies (PMCs). The transformation of the classical war into a new and globalized one is analyzed (the article deals with mostly African conflicts). In the first part of the article the author touches upon the issues of the theory of international relations, saying about the transformation of political realism in the neorealism and also stressing the changes that have taken place with regard to inter-state conflicts. The second part of the article analyzes the role of the UN in the world, the ability of this organization to cope with modern challenges and threats, and the degree of compliance with the functions that are at the heart of the main "international body of the world». The third part of the article is devoted to clarifying the position of PMCs regarding to modern conflicts and the role they could play in the system of modern international security.

Key words: Low intensity conflicts, PMCS, political realism, war, neo Realism, UN.

K.A. PUREN student of the Faculty of sociology and political science of the Department of political science and mass communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S INTERESTS IN IRANO-SAUDI CONFLICT

The article analyzes Russia's interests in the Iran-Saudi conflict. The author analyzes the multifaceted relations of Moscow and Tehran: from allies in Syria to competitors in the hydrocarbon market, and also explores the Russian tasks in the “Saudi direction” of the Kremlin’s Middle Eastern policy. The work offers recommendations aimed at maintaining the effective positions of Moscow in the Sunni-Shiite confrontation in the Middle East.

Key words: Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Russia, oil, Syria.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

MILKA MALFAIT Postgraduate, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

S.I. CHERNYAVSKIY Professor of Worlds Politics Department, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE RUSSIA-EU PERSPECTIVE: NATIONAL SECURITY AND COUNTERTERRORISM FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE

Statistics have proven that both the European Union (“EU”) and the Russian Federation (“Russia”) suffer from terrorism in its current form. Hence intensifying partnerships to combat terrorism would be a good idea. This essay envisages illustrating a common base for cooperation in the fight against terrorism despite of some general differences in policy and structure between the EU and Russia. According to the author there are five fundamental issues which ask for more attention in the EU-Russia dialogue on Freedom, Justice and Security. Firstly, statistics prove that Europe (EU and Russia) are impacted by modern terrorism. Secondly, Russia’s experience in counterterrorism is crucial. Thirdly, the scale ‘freedom’ and ‘human rights’ versus ‘security’ has not the same ratio in the EU and in Russia. Fourthly, the concept sovereignty is differently filled in by the EU, the EU Member States and Russia. Fifthly, there is the debate between integration versus social exclusion, and solidarity versus strong governmental intervention. By highlighting these differences in attitudes, the objective becomes clear that possibly the EU could learn things from Russia, as one of the key states to have experience in counterterrorism. Although the EU and Russia experience different forms and problems of terrorism and the roots of West-European terrorism cannot be traced back to the same reasons why Russia suffered terror attacks, it does not invalidate that they could foster cooperation.

Key words: counterterrorism, terrorism, European Union, Russian Federation, cooperation, differences, system, legislation, political deadlock, mutual trust.

L.R. RUSTAMOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), lecturer at the Chair of world political processes, leading expert of the Department of doctoral and postgraduate studies of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) of the Russian Foreign Ministry; researcher of the Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION OF RUSSIA AND GERMANY IN THE PERIOD OF SANCTIONS

Russia and Germany after the 90s. were constantly increasing social and humanitarian cooperation. When the head of CDU Angela Merkel came to power, cooperation took a more pragmatic course, Germany became more oriented towards the US, but social and humanitarian cooperation was not reduced. After the events of 2014 in Ukraine, Germany joined the West in imposing anti-Russian sanctions. The main question then was whether this would lead to the curtailment of a complex of bilateral relations? As practice has shown, one of the main obstacles for such curtailment above all other reasons is the accumulated complex of social and humanitarian cooperation.

Key words: Russia, Germany, sanctions, social and humanitarian cooperation, national minorities, civil society.

Z.М. КURBONOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Institute of philosophy, political science and law named after A. Bahovaddinov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

TAJIK-UZBEK RELATIONS IN A NEW ASPECT OF THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION PART II

Today two countries open up tremendous opportunities for the full realization of the political, geopolitical, trade, economic and transport and communication potential of countries, and the intensification of cultural and humanitarian exchanges.

Key words: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, relations, trade and economic relations, potential.

P.V. SHAMAROV Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor Department Specialist, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PEACEKEEPING AFRICAN UNION: POLITICAL AND LEGAL FEATURES

The article examines the specificity of the collective peacekeeping activities of the African Union, the special political, legal and practical mechanisms used by them in the interests of crisis settlement and subsequent peacebuilding, which subsequently influence the UN doctrinal and conceptual documents in the field of international peacekeeping.

The unique feature of the peacekeeping activity of the African Union is revealed – the dominance in such practice is the military-force component, which makes it possible to consider it a “military type” peacekeeping, which, nevertheless, does not solve the tasks of post-conflict peace-building due to the acute shortage of African national personnel required to complete the civilian component AU.

The West’s geopolitical interest in implementing on the African continent its own, different from the UN model, approaches aimed at organizing post-conflict peacebuilding with an emphasis on using Western-trained African experts trained in the West who promote the values of Western civilization and meet the national interests of the transatlantic community.

Key words: international peacekeeping, peacemaking, UN, AU, African Union, peacekeeping operations, crisis, conflict, crisis management, peacebuilding.

D.A. BRUSILOVSKII Ph.D. in Philosophy, Assistant Professor, UNESCO Department for the Study of World Religions and Culture and Philosophy of Science Department, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Republic of Kyrgyzstan

I.I. ESIPOV graduate student of the North-West Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

TWO WORLDS – TWO INTEGRATION: THE SPECIFICITY OF THE CONTACT OF CIVILIZATIONS, ISLAMOPHOBIA

The authors investigate geostrategic, geo-economic and geophilosophical aspects of Islamophobia in the context of integration. They identify and reveal 12 ways of thinking in relation to Islamophobia: 1) Islamophobia as a form of racism in the world historical perspective; 2) Islamophobia as a form of cultural racism; 3) Islamophobia as a form of confrontation between East and West; 4) Islamophobia as a form of globophobia; 5) Islamophobia as a form of intolerance and stigmatization; 6) Islamophobia, on the one hand, a form of protest by the representatives of the Eastern world for insulting the feelings of Muslim believers in Europe, and on the other – the result of encroachment not only on the freedom of action of the people of the Western world, but also on their freedom of thought; 7) Islamophobia as a distorted form of knowledge about the East among Europeans and their lack of Orientalism; 8) Islamophobia as a form of epistemological racism; 9) Islamophobia as a form of national or ethnic identification; 10) Islamophobia as a form of immigrant phobia; 11) Islamophobia as a form of migrant phobia; 12) Islamophobia is, on the one hand, a new form of racism in Europe and, on the other – a form of neo-racism towards the peoples of Eastern civilization.

Key words: adaptation, integration, Islamophobia, migration, civilization.

N.Yu. VOSTRIKOV Postgraduate Student, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SOVEREIGNTY OF THE GOLAN HEIGHTS: A KEY FACTOR IN ISRAEL'S NATIONAL SECURITY

Can Israel count on Russia's assistance in ensuring the security of its Northern border from the influence and activities of destructive Pro-Iranian forces? And will the us administration, headed by D. trump, support the issue of recognizing the sovereignty of the Golan heights by Israel? These are the very questions that have long stirred the minds of Israeli diplomats and politicians of all stripes.

Key words: Israel, Golan Heights, Israeli air force, Syria, Russia, Iran, Netanyahu, Rabin.

D.E. PALILOV post-graduate student Of the Department of political science and mass communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN THE EAEC

The article discusses the causes and topical issues in the formation and development of an international transport corridor within the Eurasian Economic Union. Analyzed the key advantages and prospects in the development of foreign trade between the member countries of the EAEU. The contradictions between the development of the international transport corridor in the EAEU and the “Silk Road” of China are highlighted. The main difficulties and barriers hindering the development of an international transport corridor within the EAEU are analyzed. The role of Russia in the implementation of the strategy for the development of international transport corridors is highlighted.

Key words: transport corridors, EEU, Eurasian Economic Union, transport complex, international logistics, international trade, political aspects, international transport corridors.

U TING PhD student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

INFLUENCE OF CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY CONCEPT “COMMUNITY OF THE COMMON WAY” ON RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of China's foreign policy doctrines. The author examines the influence of the Chinese concept of "one belt-one road" on Russia. The author pays special attention to the concept of "community of the human way".

Key words: China, Republic of China, foreign policy, foreign policy doctrine, concept, political platform, Russia.

ZHCHAO TIENTIAN Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND THE BUILDING OF CHINA’S NATIONAL IMAGE UNDER THE “ONE BELT – ONE WAY” INITIATIVE

The initiative “One Belt – One Road” not only includes the tendency to achieve a complete external discovery of China, but also testifies to the transition of China from a participant in globalization to its creator. This article attempts to explore which national image China should form in the transformation process in order to support the systematic implementation of the “One Belt – One Way” initiative in order to help other states along the way explore this issue. At the same time, the article stresses that China, in implementing its foreign policy, should focus on the states along this path, ensuring its “peaceful elevation”, openness, tolerance and responsibility.

Key words: national image, “one belt – one way”, public diplomacy of China, countries along the way.

V.V. URIGAEV graduate student Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE HIERARCHY OF VALUES OF THE PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA S. ZURABISHVILI AS AN AXIAL FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF FOREIGN POLICY

Changes in the Constitution of the Republic of Georgia to the parliamentary form of government in the future should in the short term lead to the transition to the formation of the country's foreign policy to the Government. At present, there is a transitional period, when foreign policy is likely to be determined in a substantial part of the elected President of Georgia S. Zourabichvili. The article is devoted to identifying its hierarchy of values and priorities, which allows us to make a forecast of trends in the development of Georgia’s foreign policy. As a research method, the content analysis was chosen for materials that were sent personally or under personal guidance, S. Zurabishvili for public dissemination. The official page of the President of Georgia on the social network Twitter, where materials reflecting the most important foreign and domestic policy events are posted from S. Zourabishvili, is taken as the material for analysis. As a result of the content analysis, it was revealed that the priorities for it are the processes of accelerating the integration of Georgia into the structures of the European Union and NATO. Also revealed the discrepancy between the declared and real values of S. Zurabishvili. In most materials, there is an active declaration of liberal democratic values similar to those adopted in the European Union. At the same time, in the materials of S. Zurabishvili, devoted to internal issues, the obvious presence of national-conservative discourse is revealed. As a result of the study, a conclusion was made about the strengthening of the “European” direction in foreign policy, the desire to solve the problems facing Georgia using the political resources of the European Union, to the detriment of other foreign policy directions.

Key words: Georgia, European Union, Zurabishvili, Twitter, content analysis.

R.A. EVSTIGNEEV Post-Graduate at School of International Relations, Saint-Petersburg State University Saint-Petersburg, Russia

NOOCRATIC TRENDS IN WORLD POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMING THE NEW WORLD ORDER

The world is changing rapidly, the new world policy and the framework in which key actors are to look for the new formulas for building the world order, is forming. During the last decades, one of the main guarantees for the moral leadership of the USA on the international arena has been an expanding liberal-democratic political system model, which is facing a deep crisis at the moment. In the midst of geopolitical confrontation and the clash of civilizations a search for new ways and models of development is of immediate interest.

The article is telling about the sources and world practices of development of alternative to democracy noocratic political systems with the historic examples of Eastern and Western civilizations. A particular focus is given on the modern trends of noocratic transformation of the key world actors political systems, the role of innovative technologies in this process and its significance for formulating a vision of the future for the world politics.

Key words: World politics, democracy crisis, noocracy, meritocracy, political transformation, political system, new world order.

М. CHUNG PhD student at Moscow Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Moscow, Russia

EU POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA: VALUES, INTERESTS, DILEMMAS

This article examines foreign policy of EU in Central Asia from the breakup of Soviet Union to the present. Firstly, it gives an insight into how EU uses a combination of bilateral agreements and multilateral regional initiatives in both security and economic domains. This article further examines EU’s economic, security and energy interests and the region and gives an evaluation of the success of EU’s policies in the region. Theories of international relations are used in this study to analyze the achievements and limitations of EU’s policy in the Central Asian region.

Key words: Foreign policy of European Union, regional security, regional organization, Eurasian security, Central Asian region, security in Central Asia.

K.G. DEMENIN student of the Chair of general history, Institute of humanitarian education of the Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russia

ON THE CREATION OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE

This article discusses the prerequisites for the unification of Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century. under Prussian Kaiser Wilhelm I and his Chancellor Bismarck. Particular attention is paid to the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 and the adoption of the Constitution of 1871.

Key words: German Empire, Otto Bismarck, Prussia, Bundesrat, Constitution.

E.G. ZVEREVA student at the Chair of world politics, Faculty of international relations, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

M.S. CAISTRO student at the Chair of credit theory and financial management, Faculty of economics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE FOREIGN TRADE AND INVESTMENT STRATEGY OF THE PRC IN AFRICA IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article is devoted to the significant topic of international life – the analysis of the set of measures for the interaction of the PRC with some African countries. In addition, authors of the paper make a research on the transformation of the PRC foreign policy towards these countries. The article concludes the prospects for the development of trade and economic relations between China and African countries.

Key words: China and Africa cooperation, China’s investment in Africa, Chinese soft power.

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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 9, Issue 5 (45), 2019.

CONTENTS

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLICY

• Boltenkova L.F., Alekhnovich S.O. "The Call of the Blood" or Political Interest (Bogdan Khmelnitsky’s Attitude to Moscow)
• Morozov I.L. Left Extremism in Modern Russia: Definition, Classification, Trends
• Tolochko A.V., Ivanova E.A., Balashov M.V. Problems of Formation and Functioning of Youth Organizations: Theoretical Aspect
• Lukyantsev A.S. Theory of Political Modernization: on the Formation of the Russian Research Paradigm

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Medvedev N.P., Slizovskiy D.E., Glebov V.A. Gorbachev – Yeltsin – Putin: Discussion Around Models of the Political Regime. What's Next?
• Lebedeva M.L. Authentic Technologies of the Organizational Model of French Regional Policy
• Tyan V.V. Development of Managerial Technologies in the Evolutionary Paradigm of Authority
• Antonov D.E. Information Support of Elections as Specific Activity of Subjects of Electoral Process
• Trifonov N.T., Kargina A.A. Lobby Activity of Non-Profit Organizations as a Tool of Civil Society in Solving Social Problems
• Karshiev B.E. Place and Role of Media Education in the Stability of Society
• Alexandrov A.R. Transformation of Municipal Policy when Discussing Urban Planning Documents (Using the Example of Tambov Region)

ETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND CONFLICTOLOGY

• Davydov V.N., King J.A., Ahmad I. World-System Analysis and Regional Conflicts
• Zhang Duo Influence of Foreign Policy Factors on the Internal Situation in Xinjiang-Uyhur Autonomous Region of China

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

• Grishin O.E., Avdeeva M.V., Kasems M.F. Energy Cooperation Between the US and the EU: Political and Economic Aspects
• Кurbonova Z.M. Tajik-Uzbek Relations in a New Aspect of the Geopolitical Dimension. Part I
• Shamarov P.V. Ensuring the National Security of Russia: the Essential Content and the Problem of Peacekeeping
• Vakilova V.R. Comparative Analysis of the State Policy of Russia and China in the Development of Intellectual Potential: New Challenges and Prospects for Cooperation
• Mamedly R.T. Japanese Policy in the Arctic and Relations with Russia
• Parez Yassin Hamad Iraqi Kurdistan and the USA: Search of the Optimum
• Vostrikov N.Yu. “Right Shade” of the Results of the 2019 Parliamentary Elections in Israel (Historical Identity)
• Getov P.V. National Security Strategy in the Framework of Cooperation Between the EU and Turkey
• Kouma Jean Cottin Anglophone Crisis: the Failed Cameroonian State?

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Ponomarev E.A. The Relations Between the National Government and Non-State Military Forces in Colombia: the Root Causes of the Impossibility of Peace and the Impact on Colombian Society

REVIEWS

Slizovskiy D.E., Medvedev N.P. Review of the article by E.A. Ponomarev “The Relations Between the National Government and Non-State Military Forces in Colombia: the Root Causes of the Impossibility of Peace and the Impact on Colombian Society”

Our authors № 5-2019

THEORY AND HISTORY OF POLICY

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, IPAM Ranepa under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

S.O. ALEKHNOVICH Ph.D. (philosophical science), Moscow, Russia

"THE CALL OF THE BLOOD" OR POLITICAL INTEREST (BOGDAN KHMELNITSKY’S ATTITUDE TO MOSCOW)

Analyzing the causes and development of the Cossacks’ war to liberate from Poland, the authors conclude that the head of the movement (struggle) Bogdan Khmelnitsky “was motivated by” political interest and not by the sense of consanguinity. Political interest encouraged him to contradictory and ambiguous actions in relation to Russia.

Key words: Bogdan Khmelnytsky, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Poland), “Russian land,” Orthodoxy, Cossacks, Zaporizhzhya Sich, Pereyaslavs'ka Rada, Moscow.

I.L. MOROZOV Volgograd Institute of Management – the branch of Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration, Volgograd, Russia

LEFT EXTREMISM IN MODERN RUSSIA: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, TRENDS

The article analyzes the protsess of increased activity of left-radical extremist groups in modern Russia. The author draws attention to the social protest actions that have unfolded in recent years and coincided with the growing demand for social justice in the mass consciousness of Russians. Modern left-extremist groups, according to the author, can be based on “orthodox authoritarian”, “new left” or “anarchy” ideological platforms. It is anarchism that will be dangerous as a form of radical youth protest. The only effective way to prevent left-wing extremism is a developed state social policy aimed at equalizing the level of income between the various strata of the economically active population, as well as helping low-income categories of citizens. Particular attention should be paid to the development of “social elevators”, which open up new prospects for Russian youth.

Key words: left extremism, terrorism, Marxism, anarchy, ideology, social justice.

A.V. TOLOCHKO candidate of political sciences, associate professor of philosophy, social sciences and journalism, “EGU of A.I. Bunin”, Yelets, Russia

E.A. IVANOVA Ph.D. in Political Science, Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

M.V. BALASHOV Postgraduate Student, Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The progressive development of modern society to a great extent is determined by the younger generation. Priori condition for the approval of a democratic system is the appropriate level of the organization of youth associations in the political system of society. World practice and domestic experience demonstrate that in country life, especially at turning points of her history, the leading part is played by young people. In the conditions of growth of social activity of youth it is necessary to pay more attention to this phenomenon. Universalism of youth is shown that it is included in different stratification layers – social and professional, territorial, political, family and household, etc.

Traditionally, the study of youth media is carried out in the sociological dimension, by monitoring its diverse challenges, both in the context of the whole society, and focusing on its individual segments. Today is quite topical political analysis of functional laws, the role and the specificity of social activity of youth, which is often combined in the form of a variety of organizations to implement their own or national initiatives. As much as possible to attract the energy and creativity of young people in modern processes of the state, creates better prospects for stable and dynamic development of the Russian society.

Key words: young people, youth organization, youth movement, socialization, social institutions.

A.S. LUKYANTSEV Postgraduate Student, Department of Philosophy and Political Science Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia

THEORY OF POLITICAL MODERNIZATION: ON THE FORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN RESEARCH PARADIGM

This article discusses the features of the formation of the modern research paradigm of modernization changes in Russia. Under close attention of the author are both Western and domestic concepts of political modernization. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in today's Russian research environment there is no common understanding of the potential of political modernization, as well as its refraction in practice.

Key words: political modernization, theory, political system, socio-economic development, strategy.

POLITICAL INSTITUTES, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.Е. SLIZOVSKIY Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.A. GLEBOV Ph.D. in Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Analysis and Management, Deputy Head of the Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

GORBACHEV – YELTSIN – PUTIN: DISCUSSION AROUND MODELS OF THE POLITICAL REGIME. WHAT'S NEXT?

The present and future of Russia’s political development occupies an important place in the system of views of a wide variety of ideological and political forces and in the branched structure of the media at home and abroad. Objectively, the vision of Russia’s future of and the future of its political regime, on the one hand, inflames passions, and on the other, obscures the essence of the ideological and political discussions and debate s on this issue. There is a need to better understand the issue, since neither the expert community nor political scientists have one dominant and grounded understanding of the relations of the Russian public and political movement or political parties to the priority and valuable ideology or to the preferable technologies of the social and political development in Russia, the political tasks of the state, political parties, leaders or Russian civil society. The most characteristic indicator of the unfavorable situation with understanding of the future is only a reaction to the demands of society and its political opponents, the opposition forces, or heterogeneous in their interests the ruling elite. The article presents not the reflections of skeptics or optimists, but an attempt, based on the analysis of expert assessments of the current political discourse and dynamics of the country’s three models of political development under Mikhail Gorbachev, B.N. Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, to show the chronic and inevitable character of the future political system and political regime that will repeat the past historical events, episodes and actions. Let no one be surprised or amazed by the significance of the experience of Russia’s radical political and historical changes, or dependence of our actions and beliefs of that experience.

Key words: political development, political regime, the political regime of Mikhail Gorbachev, the political regime of B. N. Yeltsin, Putin's political regime, Russia's future.

M.L. LEBEDEVA PhD in politics, associate professor, Associate Professor at Political Science, Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia

AUTHENTIC TECHNOLOGIES OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF FRENCH REGIONAL POLICY

The purpose of writing the article is based on the theoretical understanding of the concepts of "regional policy", "model of regional policy", "policy analogy" to highlight the features of the organization of regional policy in France. The research topic is the content of the French policy of organizing a regional political space. The object of the research is the power technologies of regional policy.

The system-structural method, which considers political relations as an integral system of interconnections of phenomena and events of the political process, makes it possible to determine the main essential content of this research topic. Institutional approach involves the study of political institutions, their content.

An analysis of Russian and foreign sources suggests that the main problem question posed in the article is relevant at the present stage of development. The study is possible on the basis of a study of existing research. A comprehensive study of the conceptual theoretical characteristics of regional policy as such allowed the author to identify the model and features of the political toolkit for organizing relations “center-regions” of the modern French Republic.

Key words: regional policy, model, policy analogy, unitarism, federalism.

V.V. TYAN Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Institute of Economics and Culture, Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGERIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM OF AUTHORITY

The article deals with the development of managerial technologies in the paradigm of the evolution of power. One of the main functions of political power is the function of government. Consequently, the development of managerial technologies is relevant for the political authorities, who care about public trust, their rating.

Legitimate political power must strengthen its resource for extreme cases. Traditional management approaches are not effective. The development of technologies of all types of management: political, state, regional due to the choice of development strategy. Under the conditions of the Information Revolution and the new technological revolution, political power should create the conditions for the development of management technologies. The fate of technological development depends on the dynamics of power, its susceptibility to innovation. Innovative management problems cannot be solved without the participation of the authorities. The ability of the authorities to make changes, the dynamics of power is a factor in the development of management technologies.

The interaction of government and civil society to develop innovative management technologies that are important for sustainable government relations, federal relations is an important factor in the development of society. The movement of transparency and openness, based on information technology and high motivation of activity, is an evolutionary paradigm of public authority demanded by time.

Key words: power, state, innovation, informational, political, technology, managerial, federalism, evolutionary.

D.E. ANTONOV assistant professor, department of history and theory of politics, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ELECTIONS AS SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF SUBJECTS OF ELECTORAL PROCESS

The article analyzes the organizational and procedural features of information support of elections in the context of mediatization of the electoral process. The the purpose is to justify the need for political analysis of the category of informational support of the election. Mediatization of the political process and its subprocesses is not only about changing of the usual practices of the actors of the electoral process, but also allows them to use digital information technology where it was previously unavailable. In this regard, there is a need for further understanding and additions of the content of the category of information support of elections.

As a theoretical and methodological basis of the study, the author has chosen a neo-institutional approach, in which the electoral process is understood as a system of purposeful interactions of its participants on the organization and conduct of elections. The author proposes to understand the information support of elections as the activity of the subjects of the electoral process in the information space of the electoral process. In accordance with the chosen approach, the author consistently considers three specific tasks of the subjects of the electoral process, included in the category of information support of elections: the organization of information infrastructure, information and campaigning. The description of each of the tasks also requires an analysis of the actors of these activities.

The author comes to the conclusion that all actors of the electoral process participate in the information support of elections. Each of the actors implements its own information strategies that lead to the implementation of one or more tasks of information support of elections.

Key words: elections, electoral process, information support of elections, mediatization, political communication.

N.T. TRIFONOV Postgraduate Student, Chair of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.A. KARGINA Specialist information and analytical work of the Center for Strategic Initiatives – Project Office, Tolyatti State University, Tolyatti, Russia

LOBBY ACTIVITY OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AS A TOOL OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS

The article analyzes the modern lobbying activities of non-profit organizations. The problems of lobbying activities are highlighted. The necessity of creating bills regulating lobbying activities in Russia has been demonstrated. It is shown that non-profit organizations are active in order to influence political decision-making. Identified the specifics of such activities. The state should take measures for the effective functioning of the lobbying mechanism. The research results complement the existing approaches to the study of this phenomenon.

Key words: lobbying activities, lobbying, non-profit organization, interest, society, disabled.

B.E. KARSHIEV senior lecturer at the Central Institute of advanced training of the public education employees named after A. Avloni, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

PLACE AND ROLE OF MEDIA EDUCATION IN THE STABILITY OF SOCIETY

The article deals with the development trends and problems of media education in Uzbekistan. He analyses features of development of the media-cultural education of youth. Special attention is paid to the role of media education in the sustainable development of modern society. On the basis of comparative analysis of media practices of the leading countries of the world the author examines the prospects of using media education for the formation of information literacy and media culture of the younger generation in the country.

Key words: media education, communication, information, societies, sustainable society.

А.R. ALEXANDROV PhD student, Tambov State Technical University, Deputy to Tambov City Duma, Tambov, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF MUNICIPAL POLICY WHEN DISCUSSING URBAN PLANNING DOCUMENTS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF TAMBOV REGION)

Issues of regulation of development of territories remain one of the most acute and topical issues in modern Russia affecting the rights and interests of a wide range of persons. Public discussions and public hearings of urban planning documentation are an important element of the system of legal guarantees that ensure the implementation and protection of legitimate interests of both the owners of objects and the population that may be affected in the process of urban development. Currently, there is a new system of discussion – the transition from face-to-face forms in the Internet space.

Key words: local government, public hearings, public hearings.

ETHNOPOLITICAL REGIONALISTICS AND CONFLICTOLOGY

V.N. DAVYDOV Deputy Director of the contemporary politics Institute, PFUR, candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Moscow, Russia

J.A. KING Intern at the Department of political analysis and management, people's friendship University, Moscow, Russia

I. AHMAD postgraduate Department of political analysis and management of PFUR, Moscow, Russia

WORLD-SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS

The article deals with some key problems of relations between the world centers of power and the periphery. To which, as African history and modernity show, the political centers of successful civilizations transfer their own problems and difficulties: from harmful industries to unequal exchange of goods. Attempts of confrontation, «the outsiders of progress» expansion cause stiff opposition cores of civilization.

It seems to the authors that the world-system analysis of I. Wallerstein has a significant research potential to study and block the conflictogenic factors of the regional projection.

Key words: Africa, AFRICA, global problems, denuclearization, world centers of power, world system analysis, periphery, systemic crisis, disputed territories, regional conflicts.

ZHANG DUO post-graduate student of the branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Far Eastern Federal University» Ussuriysk, Russia

INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN POLICY FACTORS ON THE INTERNAL SITUATION IN XINJIANG-UYHUR AUTONOMOUS REGION OF CHINA

The article analyzes the processes of geopolitical influence on the People’s Republic of China in matters of security and stable development of the country by supporting the activities of terrorist organizations in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The author describes the current terrorist groups and associations, shows their relationship with other countries, indicates the causes of the emergence and negative consequences of their activities for China. In conclusion, the author notes the ways of dealing with these organizations at various levels of social interaction, used by the Chinese authorities.

Key words: terrorist organization, “three forces of evil”, geopolitical influence, international cooperation, “China's anti-terrorism program”, world community.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WORLD POLITICS

O.E. GRISHIN Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

M.V. AVDEEVA student of Faculty of Humanities Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

M.F. KASEMS graduate student, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE US AND THE EU: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

The article discusses the current realities of energy cooperation between the United States and the European Union, which were caused both by the new EU energy strategy and by the protectionist economic policy of the US, which is particularly shown in the area of America’s interests on the European energy market. The prospects for the promotion of US liquefied natural gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) for the EU member states, as well as the pros and cons of such cooperation, will be particularly detailed. In the modern world, the economies of most states and their sovereignty depend on the availability of energy carriers. Countries that do not have at their disposal sufficient quantities of basic energy, such as oil and natural gas, are in a vulnerable position. The EU can be attributed to this category.

Key words: energy, energy cooperation, energy strategy, energy security, EU, USA, Nord Stream-2, LNG, sanctions, European energy market, pipeline gas.

Z.М. КURBONOVA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), working for a doctorate degree at the Institute of philosophy, political science and law named after A. Bahovaddinov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan

TAJIK-UZBEK RELATIONS IN A NEW ASPECT OF THE GEOPOLITICAL DIMENSION Part I

Today two countries open up tremendous opportunities for the full realization of the political, geopolitical, trade, economic and transport and communication potential of countries, and the intensification of cultural and humanitarian exchanges.

Key words: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, diplomatic relations, trade and economic relations, potential.

P.V. SHAMAROV Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor, Department Specialist, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ENSURING THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA: THE ESSENTIAL CONTENT AND THE PROBLEM OF PEACEKEEPING

The article examines the adopted domestic official and scientific approaches to the essential content of the concept of “ensuring the national security” and formulates the author’s definition that, under the provision of the national security of the Russian Federation, under modern geopolitical conditions, understands the complex and systematic implementation at the federal level of the whole list of possible measures ( including from the arsenal of international peacekeeping activities) aimed at neutralizing threats to national security and the country and the satisfaction of its national interests in the process of sovereign and independent development of the Russian state as a subject of international law.

It justifies the state need to clarify the entire list of structural elements of the current integrative system of ensuring national security of Russia, the development and adoption at the federal level of the concept of their future development in the interests of increasing the effectiveness of this system, including by including in its composition as a new promising element – the national peacekeeping activities at country, regional and international levels.

The dual nature of the international peacekeeping of the Russian Federation, which currently acts in the field of the national security of the country not only as a significant military-political element of its support system, but is also an integral part of the state’s military policy is argued. At the same time, unique features of the process of ensuring national security and protecting the state interests of modern Russia are determined and revealed, including due to the exclusivity of the domestic civilizational model, the geopolitical position of the country, its socio-historical and state identity.

Key words: national security, national security, national security system, element of the national security system, national interests, international peacekeeping activities.

V.R. VAKILOVA Postgraduate Student Institute of Philosophy, RAS, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE POLICY OF RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL: NEW CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION

Today, the development of intellectual potential is a priority direction of the state policy of each modern state. The level of welfare of the state depends on the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the policy: the cultural level of citizens, economic growth, strengthening of political power, the competitiveness of the country in the scientific market and the position in the international arena. In the presented article, on the example of the state policy of Russia and China, within the framework of the development of intellectual potential, the prospects of cooperation and strengthening of mutually beneficial cooperation between the countries are considered. Scientific activity is a public good that depends largely on funding. The desire to support the development of science, to create favorable conditions for research and innovation is a priority of the state policy of any developing state within the framework of the effective development of the intellectual environment. A key factor in the interaction between Russia and China is that both countries are purposefully moving towards comprehensive modernization, opening up broad prospects in the economic sphere. The increase in the number of budget places, the expansion of the interchange of research staff, students, graduate students, teachers (professional development Russian/Chinese languages as a factor of strengthening the friendly relations between States), the escalation of the professions (involving a wider circle of persons interested in education abroad for both countries), learning through cross-border education network (a network of universities; the use of the world wide web for distance education: courses in the chosen specialty/advanced training) – these factors are favorable both for the economy of the state and for the educational environment. Both countries are interested in continuing cooperation in the scientific sphere: the implementation of intellectual interchange, the introduction of commercialization of scientific and technical developments and the provision of high-quality innovative products to the international market. Based on this, it is clear that the prospect of partnerships in research activities between countries has high potential.

Key words: state policy, research activity, China, intellectual potential, competitiveness, cooperation, "country-follower".

R.Т. MAMEDLY PhD student at the Chair of applied analysis of international problems, MGIMO (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

JAPANESE POLICY IN THE ARCTIC AND RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA

The article discusses the evolution of the Japanese approach to the Arctic issues. The study focuses on Japan’s strategy in the Arctic, published in October 2015, and highlights the main directions of Japan’s policy in the region - scientific and economic. Further, Russian-Japanese cooperation in the development of the energy and transport potential of the Russian Arctic is analyzed.

Key words: Arctic, Japan, SMP, LNG, Russia, AZRF.

PAREZ YASSIN HAMAD PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq

IRAQI KURDISTAN AND THE USA: SEARCH OF THE OPTIMUM

Article is devoted to the analysis of the relations between the USA and the Iraqi Kurdistan and their interaction within domestic, regional and global policy in a historical retrospective. The author analyzes policy of the USA for the Kurdish revolt and the competition between the USA and the Soviet Union during "Cold War". Within the research of the period which followed after the end of "Cold War", the author comes to a conclusion that the foreign policy of the USA was substantially concentrated on the Middle East and was directed to protection of its main interests. Kurdistan became an important part of strategy of the USA on preservation of hegemony and the interests in the Middle East. Also in article the relations of the USA and Kurds after invasion of the USA into Iraq and holding a referendum on independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan in 2017 are considered.

Key words: U.S.- Iraqi Kurdistan relations, ISIS, Middle East, The USA, Iraqi Kurdistan.

N.Yu. VOSTRIKOV Postgraduate Student, Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

“RIGHT SHADE” OF THE RESULTS OF THE 2019 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ISRAEL (HISTORICAL IDENTITY)

The party system of modern Israel is a complex, dynamic, fast-growing conglomerate of many political parties that are still in a state of constant transformation, splits, the development of new ideological and political positions and platforms.

Key words: Israel, elections, political parties, Mapai, Likud, Netanyahu, Ganz.

P.V. GETOV PhD student of the Russian State Social University, Bulgaria

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF COOPERTAION BETWEEN THE EU AND TURKEY

In 2015, the Republic of Turkey and the European Union (EU) signed an agreement (General agreement on the establishment of the framework of control and connectedness with the terms of the Mechanism of protection of the rights of refugees in Turkey), which was updated in 2018. The agreement was connected with fact that in the second decade of this century Europe began to accept hundreds of thousands of refugees as a result of conflicts in the Middle East that became a serious test for the EU political, social and economic systems. The test was caused by the military actions in Syria and other problem regions and by the different views on refugees and migration in individual EU member states. Undoubtedly, the flow of refugees has caused great tension inside the EU member states and between them, and the solution to the refugee problem was found in cooperation between Turkey and the EU.

Bulgaria depends on cooperation between Turkey and the EU at least for the following reasons: the border zone between Turkey and Bulgaria; Bulgaria is an external border of the EU and, at the same time, it is not yet included in the Schengen area; the risk that refugees entering or passing through the country bring security problems. For this reason, and despite the financial obligations it is believed that cooperation between Turkey and the EU regarding the flows of refugees has a positive impact on the security situation in our country. At the same time, it’s interesting how this agreement fits into The Strategy of National Security of Bulgaria.

Key words: refugees, integration, national security, illegal migration, risk for the national security, free movement, agreement, strategy.

KOUMA JEAN COTTIN PhD student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Cameroon, Yaoundé

ANGLOPHONE CRISIS: THE FAILED CAMEROONIAN STATE?

The decrepitude of the security situation in the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon seems to make Cameroon fell into the category of "failed states". This article aims to look at the management of the Anglophone crisis by the Cameroonian authorities, mobilizing the scientific discourse of the weak state. The analyses tend to show how the Cameroonian institutional system creates the reality of the weak state. While insecurity remains a significant context in the Northwest and South-west (NOSO) regions, the Cameroonian state has the right and obligation to carry out law enforcement and security operations. In this part of its territory to identify and arrest suspected criminals, seize illegal weapons and protect the population. To say that the Cameroonian state is not dead, it moults, keeping intact its interest in the governmentalization of the act safe. It is not ideologically bankrupt; it is the terms of ideology, and domination that have been transformed.

Key words: Failed state-Cameroon-security-Anglophone crisis-International community.

STUDENT SCIENCE

E.A. PONOMAREV bachelor of the RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND NON-STATE MILITARY FORCES IN COLOMBIA: THE ROOT CAUSES OF THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF PEACE AND THE IMPACT ON COLOMBIAN SOCIETY

In this article an attempt has been made to analyze, on the basis of a study of open sources, the nature of the established relations between the national government and non-state armed units in Colombia, as well as the impact of the guerilla issue on the Colombian society. The objectives of the work is to indicate the reasons why the civil peace in Colombia is not possible at the moment and to characterize the significance of the guerilla war for Colombian society in terms of various areas of its life activity: political, social, economic and cultural areas. The result of the study is the conclusion that at the present stage there are strong reasons for the impossibility of a long term peace between the national government and non-state military units, and the prospects for its establishment are not comforting either for reasons of domestic or international order. The stated arguments and conclusions allow, as it seems to us, to reformulate and modify the ideas about the problem prevailing in historiography.

Key words: Colombian national government; non-state military units in Colombia.

REVIEWS

REVIEW

of the article by E.A. Ponomarev “The Relations Between the National Government and Non-State Military Forces in Colombia: the Root Causes of the Impossibility of Peace and the Impact on Colombian Society”

Reviewers:

D.Е. Slizovskiy Doctor of sciences (history), Professor, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

N.P. Medvedev Doctor of sciences (political sciences), Professor Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia