OUR AUTHORS
ABGARYAN V.S. – Adjunct, Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia.
BAGNYUK V.E. – Teacher at the Institute of Secondary Vocational Education of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University named after Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, Russia.
CHEN' SYLI – Graduate Student, Graduate School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
CUJ I – Master's degree, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
DENILKHANOV A.H. – Cand. Sci. (Political Sciences), Assoc. Prof., Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, the Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Assos. Prof., Lomonosov MSU Business School, Moscow, Russia.
DIK G.V. – Applicant at the Department of Universal History and World Culture, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.
DUDOCHNIKOV A.I. – Assistant, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications, Department of General and Ethnic Sociology, Kazan, Russia.
DZHAISANOV A.B. – Doctoral student of the department of "Civil Society and legal education” of the National University Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.
EFLOVA M.YU. – Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications, Department of General and Ethnic Sociology, Kazan, Russia.
ERMOLAEVA M.S. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
FANG KAIFANG – Master, Southern Federal University, Institute of History and International Relations, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
FILIMONOVA E.S. – Graduate of the Bachelor's and Master's degrees of the Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines of the Faculty of Political Science of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
GABRIELYAN G.R. – Postgraduate student of the State university of education, Moscow, Russia.
GAO YUE – PhD student Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
GUAN' BOVEN' – Postgraduate, Higher School of Cultural Policy and Management in the Humanities, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
GU ZEKUN – Phd student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
HAO LONG – Candidate of Political Sciences (MSU), Doctor of Political Sciences (Peking University), Lecturer, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Moscow, Russia.
INOMOV A.S. – Researcher at the Institute of Social and Spiritual research at the Republican Center for Spirituality and Enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.
KHAIRULLINA N.G. – Doctor of social Sciences, Professor, Tyumen industrial University, Professor of the Department of Marketing and Municipal Management, Tyumen, Russia.
KOLOSOVA I.V. – PhD (history), Associate professor of Politology and Political Philosophy Department, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
KONEEVA E.V. – Doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor Moscow Aviation Institute (national research university), Moscow, Russia.
KOROTKIN S.S. – Post-graduate student, Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.
KOZHEVNIKOVA V.V. – Doctoral student of the Department of Political Science and Applied political work of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.
KOZLOV M.N. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Universal History and World Culture, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.
KSHOV A.S. – Postgraduate student of the Pyatigorsk State University, Stavropol territory, Pyatigorsk, Russia; chairman of the Regional branch in the Stavropol territory of the political party "Party of progress", Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol Territory, Russia.
KVINDT A.V. – Master's student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
LIANG WEIYI – Postgraduate student of the Higher School of Cultural Policy and management in the humanitarian sphere of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
LUNEV V.R. – Master of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
LU WANQING – Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
LYSENKO YA.I. – Student, Faculty of international relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
MAMAEV E.A. – Postgraduate student of the department of history of public movements and political parties of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
MANSUR DARIA NUMMAN – Assistant of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
MOISEEV V.A. – Lecturer FGBOU VO «MSUTU them. K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia.
MYASNIKOV D.S. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
NOVOSELSKY S.O. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia.
OBUKHOV O.YU. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia.
OĞUZHAN FERMAN – PhD Student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
OSIPOV A.V. – Candidate of Political Science, Judge of the Leninsky District Court of Rostov-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
OSTROUH E.I. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science Donetsk State University; graduate student Department of Russian Politics, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
PAVLOV V.V. – Lecturer FGBOU VO «MSUTU them. K.G. Razumovsky «(PKU)», Moscow, Russia.
PETROPOLSKY D.I. – Development Director of YURMP LLC, competitor, Moscow, Russia.
PHAN THI NHUAN – Postgraduate student of the Russian University friendship of peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
POTAPOV D.V. – Postgraduate student of the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for Socio-Political Research RAS, Moscow, Russia.
PROKHOROVA D.A. – Master in international relations Faculty of global studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
PROKOFIEVA M.S. – Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
SHATOKHIN M.V. – Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, FGOBU VO «Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation», Moscow, Russia.
SINYAK P.A. – Bachelor, Faculty of international relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
SKORIKOV V.V. – Master student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
SMORCHKOVA V.P. – Doctor of Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Life Safety and Civil Education of the State University of Education, Moscow, Russia.
SOPROMADZE S.SH. – Graduate specialist of FSBEI HE KSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia medical worker of OBUZ «Kursk Regional Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital», Kursk, Russia.
STAROSTIN A.M. – Doctor of political sciences, professor, Leading Researcher, Russian State Economic University (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
STEPANOVA E.E. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Research Fellow Research Center (fundamental military-historical problems) Military Prince Alexander University Nevsky, Moscow, Russia.
SULEYMANOV A.R. – Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Oriental Studies Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russia.
TERESHENKOV A.M. – Postgraduate student of the Institute of Asian and African countries, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia.
TITOV V.V. – Candidate of Political Sciences, leading researcher at the Center for Political Studies of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, associated professor at the Social Psychology chair of RSUH, Moscow, Russia.
TKACHEVA N.A. – Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Tyumen Industrial University, Professor of the Department of Marketing and Municipal Management, Tyumen, Russia.
ULRICH I.V. – Senior Lecturer at NOCHU VO «Moscow Financial and Industrial University «Synergy», Moscow, Russia.
VOLODINA N.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Department of History of the Military University named after Prince Alexander Nevsky, Moscow, Russia.
XU MENGZHU – Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
ZHU XU – Postgraduate student of School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
ZINKOV N.A. – Master student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov; Chairman of the Presidium of the Youth Department Russian Society of Political Scientists, Moscow, Russia.
ZORIN V.YU. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, a chief researcher at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS; Professor at the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov MSU, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 6-1 (94-1), 2023
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Chemshit D.A. Conceptual and Categorical Apparatus for the Study of Modernization Crises
Sokolov K.O. The Ideology of Spiritual Development
Fedotova L.A. Political and Philosophical Understanding of the Fundamental Problems of Political Life and Contemporary Political Development in the Works of the Book Cycle "Return to the Future" by A.P. Kazantsev
RUSSIAN HISTORY
Volodina N.A. The Defeat of the Troops of the Satellite Countries of Nazi Germany in the Battle of Stalingrad: Facts and Historical Lessons
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Huang Mingtuo. Koreans in Kazakhstan: Language and Identity
Leonenko T.P., Samoylenko A.A. The Problem of Migrants in Europe as Reflected in the Media (on the Example of the Migration Crisis of 2015 and the Migration Flow from Ukraine in 2022-2023)
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Demetradze M.R. Political Science Interpretation of the Myth of the Golden Age Political Science Interpretation of the Myth of the Golden Age
Kozhevnikova V.V. Institutionalization of State Policy Towards Children with Special Needs
Zhokhova A.A. Comparative Analysis of the Features of Women's Political Leadership in the Great Britain and France in the 20th-21st Centuries: Problems and Prospects
Mamaev E.A. The Basic Laws of the German Empire: a Comparative Analysis
Kerimov O.Yu. Lessons from the Stages of Russian Socio-Political Modernization
Vasilyeva T.A., Volzhanin D.A., Dubkov N.S., Konkov O.A. D.A. Graeber Methodology in Russian Projection: Peculiarities of Media Regulation
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Surma I.V. Society of the Future and Personal Data Protection
Novoselsky S.O., Bulavina M.A., Popova S.A. Charity as a Tool for Socio-Economic Development and Expanding the Potential of Corporate Social Responsibility in Conditions of Geopolitical Instability
Fomin D.A., Zhirnov P.L. Activity Approach in Studies of Socio-Political Responsibility of Business as an Entrepreneurship Culture
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Golovinov A.V., Golovinovа Yu.V. International Legal Policy of the UN and ILO in the Field of Gender Equality: Case St. Floor. 20th Century
Pashenko L.V. Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: from the Origins Up to Present
Naonov M.M., Shangaraev R.N. Turkey's Foreign Policy in Greater Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Roshchupkin V.G., Simanov E.S. Application of the Political Management Networks Model in Analysis of NATO's Political Decision-Making Mechanism
Hyeon A.O., Shitikova Y.A., Khominok M.E. Free Trade Zone Between ASEAN and China: Peculiarities of Development and Cooperation Prospects
Bodishteanu N.V. Democratic Transit of the Republic of Moldova: Unreachable Expectations
Grebennikova E.I. Russia-Saudi Arabia and Russia-United Arab Emirates Relations after the Launch of Special Military Operation in Ukraine
Rodriges Pitra Dias Dos Santos. Political and Economic Origins of Terrorism in Angola
Sulaiman S.I.M. The Development of the British Mandate in Palestine 1917-1922
Xue Jiaxin. Development and Peculiarities of Chinese Diplomacy in the Middle East
Faith Nthenya Mulonzi. The African Union and Regional Peace and Security: an Inquiry Into the Role of the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM 2010-2022)
STUDENT SCIENCE
Baranova Y.V. Economic Cooperation Between Russia and Saudi Arabia at the Present Stage
Bratkovskaya D.V., Tokareva S.A. Prerequisites for the Formation of Non-Forced Influence in the Foreign Policy of States
Kaisarov A.A. The Construction of the Change of Key Cognitive and Political Categories of the Soviet Society in the Process of Perestroika
Kostina A.D., Ilinskaya K.R., Pakhmutov N.D. The Influence of the Number of Universities on the Scientific Potential of the Region: an Analysis of Young Researchers in Russia
Kuziura Yu.S., Rychkova A.L. Establishing the Security Regime in the Geopolitics of Northeast Asia
Dubkov N.S., Mandrisa A.V. «Electronic Democracy»: Theory and Practice on the Example of Russia
Chuzhikov N.A. Reasons for the Failure of Democratic Reforms in the Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century: a View Through the Prism of Institutionalism
Loktionova D.V., Stakhno E.V. Informal Institute of Underground Music in the USSR
Zinkov N.A. Youth Professional Communities as an Institution of Political Socialization
SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES
Degterev D.A. Scientific Seminar "Perspectives of Couple of Different Regional Organizations in Asia"
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.001
D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORICAL APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF MODERNIZATION CRISES
The article clarifies the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the study of crises caused by political modernization. The meaning of the basic terms used in the study of modernization crises is determined. These are the concepts of "political system", "transformational process", "political modernization", "political process", "political crisis", "political conflict", "systemic crisis", "exogenous model of modernization", "endogenous-exogenous model of modernization".
Key words: political system, transitional political system, transformation, modernization, endogenous modernization, exogenous modernization, endogenous-exogenous modernization, political crisis, political conflict.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.002
K.O. SOKOLOV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia
THE IDEOLOGY OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
The absence of a state ideology in Russia negatively prevents the population from uniting and mobilizing to achieve socially significant goals for the sake of the country's future. Both representatives of science and high-ranking Russian officials talk about the need for a state ideology. But at present, only the foundations of ideology have been proposed, which are the values traditional for our country. The article proposes to develop an ideology based on the highest priority value, namely spiritual, with the main goal – the spiritual development of every citizen. The proposed ideology expresses the interests not of a narrow group of people, but of the majority of the country's population.
Key words: ideology, spiritual development, traditional values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.003
L.A. FEDOTOVA Postgraduate Student, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL LIFE AND CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORKS OF THE BOOK CYCLE "RETURN TO THE FUTURE" BY A.P. KAZANTSEV
This article presents an analysis of political aspects in the works of the series of books "Return to the Future" by A.P. Kazantsev, including "The Mystery of Zero", "Quixotes of the Universe" and "A Millennium Later". In particular, it focuses on the political violence represented in the work "Quixotes of the Universe". The author offers an analysis and interpretation of these problems in the context of political life and modern political development, based on the quotations and content of these works.
Analyzing the works of A.P. Kazantsev revealed the understanding of power, its role and significance in political life, as well as contradictions and limitations associated with power. The special attention of A.P. Kazantsev to the influence of political culture and systemic constraints on development processes is indicated.
The article examines the political and philosophical understanding of the problems presented in the works of A.P. Kazantsev. The author analyzes various ideas and symbols used by the Soviet futurist A.P. Kazantsev to comprehend the fundamental problems of the political sphere.
Key words: political life, science fiction, socio-political development, communism, soviet fiction, power and contradictions, socio-political models.
RUSSIAN HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.004
N.A. VOLODINA Doctor of History, Associate Professor, Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Penza, Russia
THE DEFEAT OF THE TROOPS OF THE SATELLITE COUNTRIES OF NAZI GERMANY IN THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD: FACTS AND HISTORICAL LESSONS
The current military-political situation encourages us to turn to the study and understanding of historical experience, which allows us to draw certain analogies with modernity. There are many examples in Russian history when Russia defended its independence in a military confrontation with consolidated enemy forces. One of such tests was the Great Patriotic War, where the goal of the collective enemy was the destruction of Russian statehood as such. An appeal to the history of the Great Patriotic War is also necessary in order to expose and prevent numerous falsifications and speculations. Currently, problems related to the coalition nature of warfare are of particular interest. In this regard, it is important to define the role of the allies of fascist Germany – the "united Europe" model of the mid-twentieth century, their goals and participation in the war crimes of fascism. The armies of Nazi Germany's satellites were most fully represented in the decisive battle of the Great Patriotic War – the Battle of Stalingrad. The analysis of events related to the defeat of the satellite armies of nazi Germany at Stalingrad is one of the most important tasks of historical science. The need to strengthen Hitler's army was the main reason for the large-scale involvement of the troops of the satellite countries. Among other reasons for their defeat, an unsatisfactory moral and psychological state and mutual hostility stand out. The participation of the armies of a number of European states made the war bloody and delayed the defeat of Nazi Germany. For the satellite countries themselves, participation in the Battle of Stalingrad had extremely negative consequences, which accelerated the collapse of the fascist bloc.
Key words: the Battle of Stalingrad, the Great Patriotic War, the satellite countries of Nazi Germany, defeat, historical lessons.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.005
HUANG MINGTUO College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
KOREANS IN KAZAKHSTAN: LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY
The forced ethnic immigration policy during the Soviet era was the main reason why Koreans came to Kazakhstan, and they were completely different from other local ethnic groups in terms of language and culture. Currently, Koreans in Kazakhstan face the problem of language assimilation, but still maintain a unique identity. Since the independence of Kazakhstan, the Koreans in the country have always been the bridge of diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and South Korea, and also an important tool of "soft power" in South Korea's diplomatic activities towards Kazakhstan.
Key words: Kazakhstan, Koreans, national politics, identity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.006
T.P. LEONENKO Master of Political Science, Assistant of the Department of Political Science, Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.A. SAMOYLENKO Bachelor of Pedagogy School of Pedagogy, Far Eastern Federal University, Ussuriysk, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF MIGRANTS IN EUROPE AS REFLECTED IN THE MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MIGRATION CRISIS OF 2015 AND THE MIGRATION FLOW FROM UKRAINE IN 2022-2023)
The article analyzes the migration crises in Europe in the reflection of the Russian and foreign press to identify the leitmotifs and opinions that publications seek to convey to their readers. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the fact that modern media, covering events and significant social problems, form mass behavioral models and stereotypes, causing an emotional reaction from the audience and changing public opinion and the behavior of the population. The article focuses on both migration issues to cover the background of the issue under study, and the media, which reflect these processes. The study considers two chronological stages: migration in 2015 and migration in 2022-2023, briefly describes their impact on the dynamics of relations between Europeans and migrants, and socio-political consequences for the entire European society. The focus of the article is on the position of different media. A large volume of articles was analyzed, covering the indicated periods of migration in various media, and a conclusion was made about the socio-cultural and political tasks of the sources. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the position of the media in both conflicts: in 2015, the media took a more neutral position than in 2022-2023, when emotional, defiant and aggressive headlines and theses began to prevail in the information field. The authors attribute this desire to the growing degree of the country's participation in the new conflict and the acute political need to formulate common worldview standards among the Russian population on related topics (Ukraine, Europe).
Key words: Mass media, migration, European migration crisis, European society, refugees.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.007
M.R. DEMETRADZE Ph.D. in Political Sciences, Full Professor at Zhirinowsky University of World Civilizations,Russian Heritage Institute Likhachev Russian Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL SCIENCE INTERPRETATION OF THE MYTH OF THE GOLDEN AGE POLITICAL SCIENCE INTERPRETATION OF THE MYTH OF THE GOLDEN AGE
Introduction. The political science interpretation of the myth of the golden age is of great importance for understanding modern political processes. The main task of the work is to identify the causes of its occurrence, stability at various stages of human history, as practice shows that in the era of feudalism, enlightenment and capitalism, secularization of society, periods of disillusionment with the existing order returned to its basic values. Therefore, the structure of the myth is revealed not in an idealistic, but in a rational and constructive context, which makes it possible to identify the values that guide the content of the vector of functioning of political institutions and processes.
Goals and objectives. The purpose of this work is to show the anthropological and political nature of this myth and the need to rethink it in modern conditions, the enduring significance of which can change the destructive tendencies of the global world for the better. The thesis of global collective security, the desire for wealth and rivalry between States should be replaced by the principle of global social well-being of citizens of all countries of modern humanity.
Methods. The paper uses structural-functional, analytical, classification, cultural and anthropological research methods.
Results. The basic values of this myth, community solidarity, political equality, mutual assistance, universal involvement in the creation of the common good and its dominance over private interests – all this can be considered a source and an integral part of modern ideology, the concept of a social state, social equality, welfare society. They led, and still lead to changes from bureaucratic authoritarian regimes to democratic ones. Confirmation of this fact can be considered the desire of many Western countries to organize states based on the simplicity of the internal connection between the government and society, to assert the primacy of social solidarity, equality and collective well-being.
Conclusions. The identification of the origins of the origin of this myth in the East, reflected in the ancient Eastern sacred books, and then its spread in the West, reproduction in the works of ancient Greek philosophers, Jewish and Christian religions, gives grounds to consider the myth of the golden age as the primary source of modern political and socio-cultural values.
Key words: political myth, golden age, Gobi civilization, Atlantis, Vishnu, Brahmanism, Judaism, Christianity, values, utopia, political anthropology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.008
V.V. KOZHEVNIKOVA Senior Researcher Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education", Moscow, Russia
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF STATE POLICY TOWARDS CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
The article discusses the state policy that has developed in the developed countries of the world regarding children with special needs, the article analyzes the conditions for the implementation of the policy, the recommendations of supranational states – the UN, UNESCO in terms of observing the rights of children to education. The article provides a classification of countries according to their policies in the field of inclusion of children with special needs, the following groups are distinguished: "single" country, country with "two-way traffic", "multiple approach". In conclusion, the article concludes that modern developed countries have made significant progress in terms of the institutionalization and implementation of state policy in relation to children with special needs.
Key words: public policy, institutionalization of politics, childhood policy, educational policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.009
A.A. ZHOKHOVA PhD Student, Department of Political Analysis, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN THE GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE IN THE 20th-21st CENTURIES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
The aim of this study is to systematize the results of a systematic analysis of not only the historical features of the formation of women's leadership, but also of the direct participation of women in the political process of the UK and France in the XX-XXI centuries. This makes it possible to understand the state and specifics of women's leadership and to assess the prospects for women's representation in the high political positions of these states. The goal predetermined the formulation of the following objectives: 1) to identify the historical background of women’s representation; 2) to describe the similarities and differences between British and French women’s political leadership; 3) to identify the prospects for the development of women’s leadership in the British and French political process based on comparative analysis. To obtain scientific results among the main ones the author used the following methods: comparative-historical approach, method of mathematical statistics, biographical method, political-textual analysis of sources, case study, event analysis. The key results of the research are the following: firstly, on the issue of politicization the gender difference in the UK and France remains perceptible; secondly, the most prestigious positions, the most fully resourced authorities, are the least accessible to women in the political processes of the United Kingdom and France; thirdly, the practice of sending women to «women’s» fields of political activity began to weaken despite the still high interest of women in «peaceful» political topics. The author identified not only a number of problems hindering the advancement of women’s leadership in these countries, but also proposed recommendations to strengthen the competence of the image of the female policy.
Key words: British women’s leadership, French women’s leadership, political process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.010
E.A. MAMAEV Postgraduate Student, Department of the History of Social Movements and Political Parties, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE BASIC LAWS OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article presents a comparative analysis of the Constitutions of the German and Russian Empires. The basic laws of Germany were adopted under the influence of the revolution of 1848-1849 and the unification process of the German principalities. The first basic law uniting the German lands was the Constitutional Charter of Prussia, adopted in 1850. In 1871, the Constitution of the German Empire was adopted, which can be described as federal, imperial and octroized. It is federality that distinguishes the German Constitution from the Russian One. In accordance with the Constitutions, Russia was an absolute monarchy, and Germany was a dualistic one, but monarchical principles were strong in both empires. A comparison of the powers defined by the constitutions of the two states allows us to conclude that the powers of the Russian emperor under the Constitution of 1906 were the same as the powers of the Prussian king under the Constitutional Charter of 1850, but differed from the powers of the German emperor defined by the Constitution of 1871.
Key words: the Constitutional Charter of Prussia of 1850, the Constitution of 1871, the Basic state Laws of the Russian Empire of 1906, the Little German and Great German way of unification of Germany.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.011
O.YU. KERIMOV The applicant, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
LESSONS FROM THE STAGES OF RUSSIAN SOCIO-POLITICAL MODERNIZATION
The article analyzes the stages of socio-political modernization of Russia (imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet), models of its implementation, degree of effectiveness. The author aims to identify the main lessons of each of the stages of modernization and the factors that led to the incompleteness of the transformations. The design-dirigiste and Western-centric nature of the models of Russian modernization is traced.
Key words: modernization, the imperial stage of Russian modernization, the Soviet stage of Russian modernization, post-Soviet stage of Russian modernization, industrialization, recurring modernization, political pluralism, endogenous modernization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.012
T.A. VASILYEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.A. VOLZHANIN Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
N.S. DUBKOV Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
O.A. KONKOV Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.A. GRAEBER METHODOLOGY IN RUSSIAN PROJECTION: PECULIARITIES OF MEDIA REGULATION
The article examines the peculiarities of the interaction between the media (mass media) and the state in the Russian Federation, analyzes the current practice of media regulation using the methodology developed by American political scientist Doris Appel Graeber. The paper presents an overview of the main provisions of D.A. Graeber's methodology, including legal, regulatory, economic and structural methods of state control over the activities of the media. The authors consider this methodology to be relevant and applicable in today's Russian realities, as well as quite flexible for authoritarian and democratic societies.
The analysis of the specifics of regulation of the Russian media sphere and the evaluation of the methods of state control over media activities allowed the authors to draw conclusions about the degree of independence and freedom of the mass media institution in the Russian Federation, as well as about the possible consequences for information pluralism and freedom of speech.
Key words: mass media, media institution, media regulation, media sphere, Russian Federation, D.A. Graeber methodology, legal method, normative method, economic method, structural method.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.013
I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
SOCIETY OF THE FUTURE AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION
The article shows that the next stage in the development of a post-information society will be the formation of a superintelligent society (the so-called 5.0 Society) based on the effective optimization of resources not only of one person, but of society as a whole through the integration of the physical (real) level and cyberspace (virtual level). The author notes that, on the one hand, the key aspect of this society is the creation of equal opportunities for all and providing an environment for realizing the potential of each person, and, on the other, there are serious cyber risks related to the potential probability of hacking systems that ensure the functioning of such a society, and the risks of leakage of confidential data. Based on the picture of leaks that developed in 2022, which shows a strong dependence of the state of information security on the state of world politics, the author notes that geopolitical changes in the modern world have led to an increase in the number of cyber incidents in almost all countries and this has provoked a sharp increase in the number of recorded leaks of personal data. It is concluded that the development of many advanced technologies is impossible without the use of large arrays of personal data, and as a result, currently in science there is a process of formation of a new type of applied ethics, namely data ethics (or data ethics), one of the main functions of which will be to determine the boundaries of data use, beyond which this the process will have negative consequences for a person than positive ones.
Key words: Society 5.0, artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of the body, personal data, Internet of Things, Dark Web, data ethics, international information security, cyber risks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.014
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
M.A. BULAVINA PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Research, ANO VO “University of World Civilizations named after A.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
S.A. POPOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Research Center on the study of the history and development of world civilizations, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
CHARITY AS A TOOL FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EXPANDING THE POTENTIAL OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY
Introduction: the article reveals the essence of charity as a tool for socio-economic development, contributing to the local solution of a wide range of problems. The fundamental characteristics of charitable activities, taking into account the existing civil law practice and the legislative framework, include voluntariness, a wide profile of participants, disinterestedness, the absence of reciprocal actions, a capacious set of tools, and the achievement of socially significant goals. The relevance of charity increases many times in the conditions of macroeconomic instability provoked by the geopolitical pressure of unfriendly countries. A more intensive use of the potential of charity can become an important tool for reducing the level of social tension in civil society and achieving its consolidation.
Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to study the essence of charity as a tool for socio-economic development and expansion of the potential of corporate social responsibility in the context of geopolitical instability. Achieving this goal is the result of solving the following list of tasks:
– substantiate the relevance of using charity as a tool to reduce socio-economic tension in the face of geopolitical pressure;
– outline the legal aspects of conducting charitable activities in the Russian Federation;
– consider the key characteristics of charitable activities in the current socio-economic environment;
– to analyze the dynamics of Russia's place in the World Philanthropy Index and the change in the level of involvement of the country's population in charitable processes.
Results: in the work, the team of authors substantiates the relevance of using charity as a tool to reduce socio-economic tensions in the face of geopolitical pressure, within the framework of the existing legal framework, the basic legal aspects of conducting charitable activities in the Russian Federation are presented. In addition, the results of an analysis of the dynamics of Russia's place in the World Philanthropy Index and an assessment of changes in the level of involvement of the country's population in charitable processes are presented, and the key characteristics of charitable activities in the current socio-economic situation are summarized.
Key words: charity, corporate social responsibility, socio-economic development, geopolitical instability, voluntariness, disinterestedness.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.015
D.A. FOMIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, YURIU RANH and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
P.L. ZHIRNOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, YURIU RANH and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
ACTIVITY APPROACH IN STUDIES OF SOCIO-POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS AS AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP CULTURE
The activity approach, as a rule, was associated with the cultural and historical concept of the development of society and man. The purpose of the article is to apply the methodology of the activity approach in the study of the culture of entrepreneurship, in which the social responsibility of business is of particular political importance. It is proved that the resources that entrepreneurs have to obtain their own benefits are associated with public manifestations of their activities. Those social ties that arise as ways to achieve the economic goals of business, at the same time have a beneficial effect on the development of society.
The research methodology is complex and interdisciplinary. The culture of responsible entrepreneurship as an evolving practice makes it possible to create common values based on the cooperation of the state, business and an active civil society.
Key words: culture of entrepreneurship, social and political responsibility, activity approach, political system, sustainable development.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.016
A.V. GOLOVINOV Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and international law, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
Yu.V. GOLOVINOVА Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Law and Teaching Methods socio-economic disciplines, Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL POLICY OF THE UN AND ILO IN THE FIELD OF GENDER EQUALITY: CASE ST. FLOOR. 20TH CENTURY
The purpose of the publication is to show the direction and content of the legal policy of the leading international organizations – the United Nations and the International Labor Organization in the development of the institution of gender equality. The article focuses on the period Tue half of the twentieth century.
The authors show that the adoption in December 1966 of two international legal acts, the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, was a special achievement and achievement in women's rights. The significance of these documents was and is enormous today. Having secured the whole set of individual rights, anti-discrimination provisions were written quite capaciously in the texts of these acts.
The authors come to the conclusion that mainly in the law-making function, actively implemented in the middle of the 20th century. These international institutions have adopted a number of rules and standards in all spheres of public life in relation to the rights of female representatives.
Key words: United Actions Organization, International Labor Organization, legal policy, gender equality, gender political science.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.017
L.V. PASHENKO PhD in Philosophy, lecturer at the Department of Military-Political work in the troops (forces) of the Naval Institute VUNTS Navy "Naval Academy named after Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsova, St. Petersburg, Russia
NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT: FROM THE ORIGINS UP TO PRESENT
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has been a source of regional instability and armed confrontation between Armenia and Azerbaijan for more than thirty years. The purpose of the article is to identify the features and causes of the conflict and the mechanisms for its settlement. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific methods, in particular, analysis, synthesis, and the historical-genetic method. At the beginning of the article, the author considers the ratio of various factors contributing to the development and escalation of the conflict. Due to the special geostrategic position of Nagorno-Karabakh and the interest of regional powers, the conflict has become internationalized, which significantly complicates the process of its settlement. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms of the conflict resolution process. The sluggish negotiation process and the unwillingness of the parties to compromise became the basis for the military option of resolving the conflict. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the use of force scenario did not contribute to resolving the contradictions between the two warring parties Armenia and Azerbaijan, the positions of the parties on key issues remain different.
Key words: Nagorno-Karabakh, Minsk agreements, Sumgayit events, Lisbon summit, "four-day war", Second Karabakh war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.018
M.M. NAONOV Student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
R.N. SHANGARAEV Doctor of Science, Associate Professor of the Department of strategic communications and public administration, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY IN GREATER CENTRAL ASIA AND TRANSCAUCASIA
Central Asia did not play an important role in Turkey's foreign policy until the early 1990s and gained it only after the Turkish side declared its kinship with the Central Asian communities. During the years of the Cold War, Turkish politicians considered Central Asia only in the context of the USSR's policy towards the peoples living there, with whom Ankara had minimal ties. It should be noted that the conceptual foundations of the foreign policy actions of the Republic of Turkey in the Central Asian region were laid during the reign of President Turgut Ozal (1989-1993), which was associated with serious changes in the international arena. The formation of new states as a result of the collapse of the USSR provided Turkey with the opportunity to strengthen its positions in the international arena. Therefore, using the commonality of historical and cultural roots, the Republic of Turkey intended to extend its influence to the newly formed Central Asian republics, which, in turn, were faced with the task of determining national interests and political preferences.
Key words: Russia, Turkey, Foreign policy, Caucasus, Central Asia, Pan-Turkism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.019
V.G. ROSHCHUPKIN Candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, department of Foreign history, international relations and documentation, Samara University, Samara, Russia
E.S. SIMANOV Master’s degree student of Saint-Petersburg University, Faculty of International Relations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
APPLICATION OF THE POLITICAL MANAGEMENT NETWORKS MODEL IN ANALYSIS OF NATO'S POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING MECHANISM
The article focuses on the study of the political decision-making process in NATO using one of the theories of political decision-making. The research analyzes the structure and decision-making mechanism in NATO and reveals the possibility of applying the model of political and administrative networks on the subsystem level of analysis. Empirical data on the topics of burden sharing and freeriding in the Alliance were used to quantify the resulting theoretical model of decision making in NATO. The results of the study can be used for further analysis of the decision-making mechanism in NATO and have a predictive potential for medium and long-term forecasting of NATO's political agenda.
Key words: NATO, decision-making theory, political institutions and mechanisms, lobbying, burden sharing, free-riding.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.020
A.O. HYEON Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia
Y.A. SHITIKOVA Assistant of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia
M.E. KHOMINOK Chief Specialist of the Department for Enforcement of Judicial Acts of the Municipal Control Department of the Municipal Property Management Committee of Irkutsk City Administration, Irkutsk, Russia
FREE TRADE ZONE BETWEEN ASEAN AND CHINA: PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION PROSPECTS
In the XXI century integration associations are becoming more and more important in the world political and economic processes. The article considers the relevance of FTZ development as one of the forms of economic integration that can lead countries to a more favorable external environment. The example of the free trade area (FTA) agreement between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the People's Republic of China (PRC), which has been operating for more than a decade and allows participants to expand the market, strengthen negotiating positions and promote the development of member states' economies, is illustrative.
This paper is examined through the lens of neoliberalism and integration theory. The Free Trade Agreement, signed in 2010, aims at a mutually beneficial economic relationship between ASEAN countries and the PRC, which is consistent with the principles of neoliberal theory. According to David Harvey, neoliberals advocate absolute freedom of trade and markets, which is realized in a form of economic integration such as the FTA. From the perspective of integration theory, the establishment of FTA between the PRC and ASEAN can be evaluated as a process of multinational integration, which is understood as a voluntary agreement between independent countries on contractual terms that pursues common goals and interests.
Key words: PRC, ASEAN, FTA, Association, trade turnover, agreement, balance.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.021
N.V. BODISHTEANU PhD student, School of International Affairs, HSE University, Research Assistant, International Laboratory on World Order Studies and the New Regionalism, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
DEMOCRATIC TRANSIT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: UNREACHABLE EXPECTATIONS
The collapse of the USSR and the acquisition of independence posed the problem of further self-determination for the former Soviet republics. The majority declared their desire to establish a stable democratic form of government. Among them is the Republic of Moldova, which until recently was considered by the West as one of the pioneers in the field of democratization and the implementation of European values in practice in the region. However, by 2023, the country and its leadership were increasingly accused of returning to authoritarianism and undemocratic forms of government. The article examines the expectations placed on democratic transition and concludes that in Moldova, attempts to implement democratic reforms and transformations did not lead to democratization, but to a very specific form of coexistence of oligarchic groups of influence.
Key words: democratic transition, The Republic of Moldova, liberal democracy, Eastern Europe, European integration, Eurasian integration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.022
E.I. GREBENNIKOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA-SAUDI ARABIA AND RUSSIA-UNITED ARAB EMIRATES RELATIONS AFTER THE LAUNCH OF SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE
The article analyses the state of Russian-Saudi and Russian-Emirates relations in 2022. The aim of the research is to determine the state of Russian collaboration with such relevant international actors in the Middle East as Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in the conditions of international sanctions. The article suggests key directions of cooperation and changes in some aspects of the relations between the countries in the conditions of international anti-Russian sanctions. Additionally, the authors make a retrospective review of the changes in bilateral trade indicators.
Key words: Russia, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, the Middle East, foreign policy, international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.023
RODRIGES PITRA DIAS DOS SANTOS Graduate of the Moscow Humanitarian university, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ORIGINS OF TERRORISM IN ANGOLA
The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes of the deterioration of the terrorist situation in Angola in recent years. The purpose of this article is to identify the underlying causes that determine Angola's vulnerability to terrorist threats. Research objectives: 1) to determine the state of Angola's political institutions; 2) to assess the contribution of economic factors to the aggravation of the threat of terrorism; 3) to propose recommendations for the elimination of the terrorist threat in Angola. To achieve this goal, the method of desk research is used. According to the results of the study, the suboptimal institutional development of Angola makes a decisive contribution to the aggravation of terrorist threats in the country. The growth of the terrorist threat in Angola observed in recent years is caused by the combined impact of both political and economic factors. The negative impact of political factors is primarily due to the insufficient quality of political institutions. Modern Angolan political institutions are hybrid: on the one hand, they show tendencies towards the democratization of Angolan society; on the other hand, the inertia of authoritarian institutions formed in the past takes place. At the same time, these political problems are closely related to the peculiarities of Angola's economic development. In conditions when the country's economy remains emphatically focused on the export of minerals, the uneven distribution of minerals across the country creates prerequisites for the disproportionate development of mining and non-mining regions. The main task of the Angolan government is to find effective mechanisms for economic diversification, the development of competitive non-extractive industries in backward regions, as well as providing greater opportunities for participation in the political life of the country to broad segments of the population, which will allow democratically and peacefully resolve the contradictions that exist today.
Key words: Angola, fight against terrorism, state, political institutions, terrorism, economy, resource rent, separatism, terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.024
S.I.M. SULAIMAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH MANDATE IN PALESTINE 1917-1922
This article presents the development of the British Mandate over Palestine, British military intervention and military campaigns in Palestine, manifestations of British military rule in Palestine, and also shows Palestine in international agreements and conferences before the publication of the British Mandate Document in 1922.
Key words: Palestine, British Mandate, Balfour Declaration, military campaigns, international agreements, League of Nations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.025
XUE JIAXIN Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
DEVELOPMENT AND PECULIARITIES OF CHINESE DIPLOMACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Since ancient times, the Middle East, due to its unique geographical characteristics, geopolitical characteristics and other factors, has become a key area of struggle between great powers in different periods. In recent years, with the continuous strengthening of all-round national strength, China's confidence and ability to participate in international affairs has also been steadily strengthened. China is pursuing a foreign policy of all-round peaceful development in the Middle East. As we enter the new century, China is striving to establish a new type of all-round cooperation relationship between the two sides. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the position of the Middle East in the modern world, describes the development and features of China's Middle East diplomacy, and reflects on the future direction of China's Middle East diplomacy. China's policy towards the Middle East faces both rare opportunities and serious challenges. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to adjust China's Middle East policy in accordance with changes in the international situation. Through the analysis of this article, hopes to provide some links to explore the relationship between China and the Middle East.
Key words: Foreign policy, China, Middle East, diplomacy concept, Middle East diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.026
FAITH NTHENYA MULONZI Graduate student, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Political Science and Comparative Studies, Moscow, Russia
THE AFRICAN UNION AND REGIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY: AN INQUIRY INTO THE ROLE OF THE AFRICAN UNION MISSION TO SOMALIA (AMISOM 2010-2022)
This paper sets to investigate the role of the military in managing internal conflicts in Africa. The research is an exploration of the AMISOM engagement in stabilising the decayed state of Somalia. The study sets out three objectives as the basis for investigations. The first objective is to examine the approaches of the military intervention in management of hostilities. The second objective is to analyse the achievements of AMISOM in restoration of peace and security in Somalia. The last objective is to evaluate the emerging challenges for regional organisation conflict management. The study uses the desk literature to make the investigations and draw conclusions that are geared in describing the central role of the regional institutions in addressing prolonged internal conflicts through deployment of the military.
Key words: military, conflict, regional institutions, conflict resolution, terrorism, security, violence, rule of law, peace, counterterrorism.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.027
Y.V. BARANOVA Student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND SAUDI ARABIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE
For a long time, the indicators of the level of Russian-Saudi economic cooperation remained at low values. However, since 2017, there has been a trend of rapid warming in relations between states in a number of areas, including the economic one. Even after the West imposed a sanctions regime against Russia after the Russian Federation announced a special military operation in Ukraine in 2022, Saudi Arabia did not join the economic sanctions. On the contrary, the number of bilateral agreements and projects has only increased. This paper will analyze the risks and further prospects of deepening economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the KSA, the place of Riyadh and Moscow in the new emerging world order.
Key words: Russia, Saudi Arabia, bilateral cooperation, strategic partnership, OPEC+, economic relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.028
D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
S.A. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF NON-FORCED INFLUENCE IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF STATES
The concept of force as the main foreign policy resource of any state in the theory and practice of world politics is difficult to overestimate. Representatives of different schools of research in international relations turned to the analysis of this category in certain historical periods. Until recently, the resource components of the state's forces were traditionally defined and evaluated exclusively in a military or economic context, and the military-industrial complex was considered the main instrument of the arsenal of political influence; Today, however, such factors as economic success, ideological persuasiveness and cultural attractiveness of the country come to the forefront of indicators by which the power and influence of the state in the international arena are assessed, and the toolkit is replenished with completely new methods and strategies. It is difficult to overestimate the degree of influence of those steps that researchers of international relations refer to as "non-coercive", because it is extremely high.
In the article, the author considers the prerequisites that contributed to the formation of non-force tools as such. Analyzes the origins of the concept of "power" in international relations, its interpretation from the point of view of individual approaches and various thinkers and theorists.
Key words: international relations, power concept, soft power, hard power, Joseph Nye, power tools, information warfare.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.029
A.A. KAISAROV Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Russian Island, Ajax, Primorsky Krai, Russia
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHANGE OF KEY COGNITIVE AND POLITICAL CATEGORIES OF THE SOVIET SOCIETY IN THE PROCESS OF PERESTROIKA
The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the changes in people's consciousness that are taking place in post-Soviet Russia, forming conditions including for the exercise of political power and most strongly manifested in an environment of increasing political or economic instability. The vector of these changes lies in the emerging by the end of the century trends in Soviet society and the events of perestroika that consolidated them. Consideration of cognitive-political categories from the point of view of their construction in this regard implies not so much the construction of a historical picture in the key of some reasonable goal setting, but allows through a specific formalized, and therefore available for study, model of events, called Perestroika, to assess their structural inclusion in social and political processes, the composition of society and its characteristics.
The author concludes that Soviet Perestroika was an activity of constructing a new order through cognitive categories of democracy and socialism, which provided the past with new meanings and changed the positions of friend-or-foe in public consciousness, changing the system of typifications, which in the end became an essential factor of restructuring the whole system of social relations.
Key words: democracy, cognitive categories, construction of order, Perestroika, socialism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.030
A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
K.R. ILINSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
N.D. PAKHMUTOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES ON THE SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGION: AN ANALYSIS OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS IN RUSSIA
This study is aimed at studying the influence of various economic and social factors on the number of young researchers in the regions of Russia. Statistical analysis was carried out on data collected from various sources, including databases of universities and scientific journals. The results showed that an increase in the number of universities in the region leads to an increase in the number of young researchers. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies for developing the scientific potential of Russian regions.
Key words: number of young researchers, number of universities, regression, internal regional product.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.031
YU.S. KUZIURA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.L. RYCHKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
ESTABLISHING THE SECURITY REGIME IN THE GEOPOLITICS OF NORTHEAST ASIA
Currently, Northeast Asia is one of the most important and dynamic regions in global politics, with the interests of major global players concentrated in the area. The countries in the region play a key role in the global economy and face complex challenges. Therefore, cooperation in diplomacy is necessary in the post-Cold War era to confront challenging factors, such as regional security issues. However, the security conditions in Northeast Asia differ, and regional cooperation is limited.
This paper is dedicated to the need for establishing mechanisms for cooperation in security in Northeast Asia, which is the most dangerous region in the Asia-Pacific area and has both covert and overt security issues. The authors analyze the changing dynamics of security and explore the future regional security environment. They emphasize the need for flexible and cooperative diplomacy to address complex factors in the post-Cold War era on a multilateral basis. The article also highlights the importance of sub-regional cooperation and discusses the conceptual and policy analysis of creating a cooperative security system. The authors also stress that nations cannot rely solely on military options to preserve their security, as this demands unbearable economic costs.
Establishing mechanisms for cooperative security in Northeast Asia is a complex and lengthy process that requires considering numerous factors, including geopolitical interests, ideological differences, and cultural nuances. The paper provides valuable research insights into the problems of creating mechanisms for cooperative security in Northeast Asia, emphasizing the need for flexible and cooperative diplomacy to confront the challenges of the post-Cold War era.
Key words: international relations, foreign policy, geopolitics, regional cooperation, confrontation, territorial conflicts, regional security, Northeast Asia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.032
N.S. DUBKOV Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.V. MANDRISA Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
«ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY»: THEORY AND PRACTICE ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA
E-democracy is a new form of democracy characterized by the use of information and communication technologies. With the help of e-democracy, citizens' opportunities to participate in the exercise of their electoral rights, the formation of public policy and access to information about the activities of government bodies are expanding. The relevance of the study of this form is increasing nowadays due to the expansion of the practice of application and the lack of a unified approach to the implementation of this mechanism. The article discusses the main theoretical aspects of the use of e-democracy, the positive and negative sides, as well as the practical aspect of the use of e-democracy on the example of the Russian Federation.
Key words: electronic democracy, information and communication technologies, elections, remote electronic voting.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.033
N.A. CHUZHIKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF DEMOCRATIC REFORMS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY: A VIEW THROUGH THE PRISM OF INSTITUTIONALISM
The article discusses the reasons for the failure of democratic reforms in the Russian Empire. The author analyzes the political system of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century through the prism of the institutional approach proposed by D. North, J. Wallis and B. Weingast in the book "Violence and Social Orders ...". Particular attention is paid to the problem of society's transition from the order of "limited access" to the order of "open access".
Key words: democracy, institutionalism, Russian Empire.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.034
D.V. LOKTIONOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
E.V. STAKHNO Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
INFORMAL INSTITUTE OF UNDERGROUND MUSIC IN THE USSR
The article discusses the importance of the cultural environment in the formation of the institution of underground music in the USSR. The authors of the study draw attention to the fact that the passion for music and the desire to spread it among friends became the initial motives of manufacturers and buyers of home-made records and tape recorders with music outside the Soviet censorship. The study emphasizes that underground music in the USSR has become a symbol of the struggle for freedom of creativity and expression of one's own thoughts. Each disc has become not only a carrier of information, but also a cultural object of historical and symbolic value.
Key words: institutional theory, culture of the USSR, informal institutions, underground music.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.035
N.A. ZINKOV Master student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Youth Department Russian Society of Political Scientists, Moscow, Russia
YOUTH PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITIES AS AN INSTITUTION OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
In modern conditions, youth is one of the most dynamically changing social and age groups, affected by a myriad of factors. In these circumstances, the political socialization of modern youth, which is formed, including through youth public organizations, is of particular importance. The article presents the results of the study of political socialization of members of youth professional organizations on the example of the political science communities - the Youth Branch of the Russian Society of Political Scientists and the Council of Young Political Scientists of the Russian Association of Political Science. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the political and psychological approach. The results of the All-Russian representative survey of members of – the Youth Branch of the Russian Society of Political Scientists and the Council of Young Political Scientists of the Russian Association of Political Science aged 18-35, conducted in spring 2023, became the empirical basis of the study. The research question was asked: What is the significance of professional organizations in the political socialization of young people? The overall result of the study was a conclusion about the special role of professional communities in the life of young people, primarily as a community of like-minded people. In addition, some problems have been identified in the perception of young political scientists of the profession of «political scientist» and related career prospects in this profession.
Key words: Youth professional communities, political socialization, youth policy, MolROP, Smp RAPN.
SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-1.6-1.036
D.A. DEGTEREV Doctor of political sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of Department theory and history of international relations of the RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR "PERSPECTIVES OF COUPLE OF DIFFERENT REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ASIA"
OUR AUTHORS
BARANOVA Y.V. – Student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
BODISHTEANU N.V. – PhD student, School of International Affairs, HSE University, Research Assistant, International Laboratory on World Order Studies and the New Regionalism, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.
BRATKOVSKAYA D.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
BULAVINA M.A. – PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Vice-Rector for Research, ANO VO “University of World Civilizations named after A.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia.
CHEMSHIT D.A. – Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.
CHUZHIKOV N.A. – Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
DEGTEREV D.A. – Doctor of political sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of Department theory and history of international relations of the RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
DEMETRADZE M.R. – Ph.D. in Political Sciences, Full Professor at Zhirinowsky University of World Civilizations,Russian Heritage Institute Likhachev Russian Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
DUBKOV N.S. – Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
FAITH NTHENYA MULONZI – Graduate student, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Political Science and Comparative Studies, Moscow, Russia.
FEDOTOVA L.A. – Postgraduate Student, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
FOMIN D.A. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, YURIU RANH and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
GOLOVINOV A.V. – Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and international law, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia.
GOLOVINOVА YU.V. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Law and Teaching Methods socio-economic disciplines, Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia.
GREBENNIKOVA E.I. – Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia.
HUANG MINGTUO – College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
HYEON A.O. – Student of the Department of International Relations and Customs Affairs, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia.
ILINSKAYA K.R. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
KAISAROV A.A. – Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Russian Island, Ajax, Primorsky Krai, Russia.
KERIMOV O.YU. – The applicant, South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
KHOMINOK M.E. – Chief Specialist of the Department for Enforcement of Judicial Acts of the Municipal Control Department of the Municipal Property Management Committee of Irkutsk City Administration, Irkutsk, Russia.
KONKOV O.A. – Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
KOSTINA A.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
KOZHEVNIKOVA V.V. – Senior Researcher Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education", Moscow, Russia.
KUZIURA YU.S. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
LEONENKO T.P. – Master of Political Science, Assistant of the Department of Political Science, Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
LOKTIONOVA D.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
MAMAEV E.A. – Postgraduate Student, Department of the History of Social Movements and Political Parties, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
MANDRISA A.V. – Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
NAONOV M.M. – Student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
NOVOSELSKY S.O. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after I.I. V.V. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia.
PAKHMUTOV N.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
PASHENKO L.V. – PhD in Philosophy, lecturer at the Department of Military-Political work in the troops (forces) of the Naval Institute VUNTS Navy "Naval Academy named after Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsova, St. Petersburg, Russia.
POPOVA S.A. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Research Center on the study of the history and development of world civilizations, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia.
RODRIGES PITRA DIAS DOS SANTOS – Graduate of the Moscow Humanitarian university, Moscow, Russia.
ROSHCHUPKIN V.G. – Candidate of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, department of Foreign history, international relations and documentation, Samara University, Samara, Russia.
RYCHKOVA A.L. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
SAMOYLENKO A.A. – Bachelor of Pedagogy School of Pedagogy, Far Eastern Federal University, Ussuriysk, Russia.
SHANGARAEV R.N. – Doctor of Science, Associate Professor of the Department of strategic communications and public administration, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
SHITIKOVA Y.A. – Assistant of the Department of Russian and Intercultural Communication, Baikal State University (BSU), Irkutsk, Russia.
SIMANOV E.S. – Master’s degree student of Saint-Petersburg University, Faculty of International Relations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
SOKOLOV K.O. – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia.
STAKHNO E.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
SULAIMAN S.I.M. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
SURMA I.V. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
TOKAREVA S.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
VASILYEVA T.A. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
VOLODINA N.A. – Doctor of History, Associate Professor, Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military University», Penza, Russia.
VOLZHANIN D.A. – Student of the Political Science Department, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
XUE JIAXIN – Postgraduate student of the Department of Global Studies Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
ZHIRNOV P.L. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics, YURIU RANH and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
ZHOKHOVA A.A. – PhD Student, Department of Political Analysis, Faculty of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
ZINKOV N.A. – Master student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Chairman of the Presidium of the Youth Department Russian Society of Political Scientists, Moscow, Russia.
OUR AUTHORS
ABRASHIN I.I. – Postgraduate student of the Central Russian Institute management – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian Academy of National Economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Orel, Russia.
ACOBARDINA A.I. – Bachelor of the Department of Comparative Political Science, MGIMO MFA RF, Moscow, Russia.
AREFIEV P.V. – Undergraduate student, School of Governance and Politics, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia.
AZIZI S.K. – Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
BELANOVSKAYA YU.E. – PhD (History), Associate professor, History of Russia Department, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
BIKERNIECE A. – Candidate in Political Science, Lecturer in the School of International Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, West Section of Lushun South Road, No. 6, Dalian, China.
BUSLAEV A.V. – BA in Political Sciences, Master student at Zhirinowsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia.
CHISTOV I.S. – PhD Student, Department of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Law Institute of the Russian, Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
DEMETRADZE M.R. – Ph.D. in Political Sciences, Full Professor at Zhirinowsky University of World Civilizations; Russian Heritage Institute Likhachev Russian Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.
EMELIN D.R. – PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University them. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
GANDALOEVA Z.M. – Postgraduate student of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
LAGUZOVA M.A. – Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
KAZARYAN S.A. – PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
KOLPAKOV M.V. – PhD Student, Department of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Law Institute of the Russian, Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
KOMAROV A.A. – Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
KOTOVA E.A. – Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
KURCHENKO A.I. – Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
LISENKOVA A.D. – Lecturer, Department of International Relations, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia.
LIU YUCHEN – Master, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
LIU QI – Postgraduate student Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
LI XIAWEI – Master student at the Russian Language Institute of the Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China.
LUO YANCHAO – Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
MASLAKOVA-CLAUBERG N.I. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Senior Research Fellow Scientific Center for Research and Development of Civilizations of the East ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia.
MEHMET URPER – Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian Relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
MIRONOVA A.V. – PhD (History), Associate professor, History of Russia Department, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
MOLCHANOV P.P. – PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University them. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
NALBANDIAN K.S. – Postgraduate student at the Department of Global Processes (Chair of Global Studies) Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.
PAK O.A. – Master's student, Department of History of Socio-Political Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
PRILEPSKY P.A. – Lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science of the State Academic University of Humanities, Moscow, Russia.
SHOROKHOVA S.P. – PhD, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of International Relations and Geopolitics, Head of the Department of Political Processes, Technologies and Propaganda of the ANO VO, Moscow, Russia.
SLIZOVSKY D.E. – Doctor of historical sciences, Professor, History of Russia Department, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
STENYAEVA A.D. – Student of the Moscow City Pedagogical University, University of the Foreign languages Department of Chinese, Moscow, Russia.
SUVOROVA V.A. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies of the Institute of Public Administration and Law of the State University of Management, member of the Expert Advisory Council at the GUVM of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
SVECHNIKOVA M.V. – Graduate Student, History and Theory of Politics Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
TUROVSKAIA A.E. – Post-graduate student, Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
VOLOKH V.A. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies of the Institute of Public Administration and Law of the State University of Management, Professor of the Department of Political Processes, Technologies and Propaganda of the Faculty of International Relations and Geopolitics of the Vladimir Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Member of the Presidential Council Russian Federation on Interethnic Relations, member of the Public Council under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
XIANG YIYUAN – Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
YIN SIMENG – Candidate in Political Science, Senior Lecturer in the School of International Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Researcher at the Institute of Northeast Asian Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, West Section of Lushun South Road, No. 6, Dalian, China.
ZHU HAO – Bachelor, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
ZINOVEVA E.N. – Student of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences оf Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia.
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 6-2 (94-2), 2023
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Prilepsky P.A. Theoretical Bases of the Concept Chinese Soft Power
Gandaloeva Z.M. Political Space in Russia: Theoretical and Methodological Analysis and Regional Specifics
Laguzova M.A. Evolution of Views of A.I. Koshelev Regarding the Preservation of Community Land Ownership: a Political and Textological Analysis
Komarov A.A. O. Spengler: Future Belongs to Russian Culture
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Belanovskaya Yu.E., Mironova A.V., Slizovsky D.E. Patriotism and Patriots in Modern Russia: Signs of Strength and Weakness (Historical and Political Aspect)
Volokh V.A., Suvorova V.A., Shorokhova S.P. Historical and Political Experience of the Integration Policy of Migrants in Russia
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Azizi S.K. Gender and Factors, its Definitions: the Realities of Modern Tajik Society
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Buslaev A.V., Demetradze M.R. Genesis of the National Sovereignty
Svechnikova M.V. Characteristics of Trust in the Space of Modern Political Communication on the Internet
Kotova E.A. On the Issue of Clericalization of Russia
Acobardina A.I. Analysis of Democratic Consolidation of the USA Based on the Theory of Three-Level Consolidation of Democracy by H. Linz and A. Stepan
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Abrashin I.I. Features of Introducing a Project Approach in the Process of Municipal Management
Chistov I.S., Kolpakov M.V. Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the Digitalization Policy in the Formation of the Reputational Capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Chuvashia
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Yin Simeng, Bikerniece A. The Building of European Soft Power in China Through Educational Collaboration
Maslakova-Clauberg N.I. Challenges for the World Order in the 21st Century: G7 and BRICS
Mehmet Urper. Evolution of Dynamics of Turkey's New Foreign Economic Concept During the AKP Governance
Lisenkova A.D. Eurosceptic Political Groups in the European Parliament
Emelin D.R. Middle East as a Subject of Research in the Context of Energy Policy
Kazaryan S.A. The Impact of the Corporate Social Responsibility of the United States Transnational Companies in Developing Countries
Luo Yanchao, Xiang Yiyuan, Liu Yuchen, Zhu Hao. Comparison of China's and India's Tools of Influence in Southeast Asia in the 21st Century
Liu Qi. Russia and China in the Age of Globalization: Strategic Partnership in the Information Wars of Modernity
Molchanov P.P. The Migration Crisis’s Impact on the Concept of “European Solidarity”
Nalbandian K.S. Turkey's Political Influence in the South Caucasus
Turovskaia A.E. US Role in Transformation of the Security System of the Baltic Sea Region
STUDENT SCIENCE
Arefiev P.V. The Political Course of “Socialism of the XXI Century” in Venezuela and the Reasons for its Failure
Zinoveva E.N. Evolution of the Concept of Political Agenda in Scientific Knowledge
Kurchenko A.I. South Korean Japanese Relations: Conflicts in the 21st Century
Li Xiawei. Features of Sino-Russian Relations of Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation and Partnership
Pak O.A. The Example of the English Gentleman J. Locke: the Relationship of the Philosophical Ideal with Political Reality
Stenyaeva A.D. Russia's Geopolitical Strategy Towards China
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.001
P.A. PRILEPSKY Lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science of the State Academic University of Humanities, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL BASES OF THE CONCEPT CHINESE SOFT POWER
In the conditions of the post-bipolar system of international relations, the introduction of J. Nye concept "soft power" has allowed some countries develop "non-forceful" foreign policy. Based on this concept, practical and theoretical experiences of Chinese "soft power" China introduced "national interpretation" of Nye's concept, and broadly – an independent concept, different from Nye's meaning.
Chinese scholar proposed own versions of the concept of soft power, which eventually became to known as "(state) cultural soft power". It became an official part of the foreign policy toolkit of the People's Republic of China, adopting from J. Nye only the idea of finding new sources of world leadership and offering criteria for assessing soft power. J. Nye and some significant American sinologists criticize Chinese soft power, calling it "propaganda" or describing it as "Sharp power".
This study is relevant due to the long-term growth of contradictions in US-Chinese relations and the further evolution of the concept (discursive power) as part of China's foreign policy.
Key words: soft power, cultural soft power, China, J. Nye, criticism, theory.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.002
Z.M. GANDALOEVA Postgraduate student of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL SPACE IN RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND REGIONAL SPECIFICS
The article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the political space of the Russian Federation and its regional specifics. To achieve this goal, the article solves such problems as a review of theories and approaches of the political space that form the matrix of the study of the political space of the Russian Federation, and the definition of the concept and role of subnational political space in the structure of the political space of the Russian Federation and regional specifics in it. As a result of the study, it is determined that the study of the political space of Russia involves the implementation of the study within a wide range of doctrines and methodological approaches. An important place among them is occupied by studies of subnational politics, which have a significant high potential for novelty and theoretical and practical significance. They include a wide range of unexplored issues, and also largely correspond to modern Russian realities.
Key words: political space, Russian Federation, subnational policy, region, local community.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.003
M.A. LAGUZOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF VIEWS OF A.I. KOSHELEV REGARDING THE PRESERVATION OF COMMUNITY LAND OWNERSHIP: A POLITICAL AND TEXTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
The article is devoted to the evolution of the views of the famous Slavophile, landowner and public figure A.I. Koshelev (1806-1883) on the need to preserve communal land ownership in in Russia of the 19th century. The political and textological analysis of the publications and correspondence of the thinker led to the conclusion that the attitude of A.I. Koshelev to the community was not always the same, and as he studied this issue, it underwent changes. At the end of the 1840s. the Slavophile has been very skeptical about this traditional component of peasant life. This is evidenced by his critical remarks on the work of his comrade-in-arms in the Slavophil circle A.S. Khomyakov (1804-1860) «On rural conditions» (1842) and «On the rural community» (1848), which he reflected in his letters addressed to the author. However, in the 1850s. A.I. Koshelev radically changed his opinion on the preservation of the worldly principle, becoming its defender. In his subsequent works devoted to the solution of the peasant question, the thinker actively supported the worldly order, argued in favor of its preservation and entered into polemics with its opponents.
Key words: A.I. Koshelev, Slavophilism, communal land ownership, evolution of views, political and textual analysis.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.004
A.A. KOMAROV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
O. SPENGLER: FUTURE BELONGS TO RUSSIAN CULTURE
The analysis of the features of Russian culture, that was revealed in the framework of the fundamental research work of the famous German social philosopher Oswald Spengler "The Decline of Europe", allows us to interpret a new perspective of the traditional issues of Russian political science, mainly related to the problems of determining the civilizational identity of Russia, the dynamics and prospects of its development. Based on the concept of the civilizational approach, which was dominant in the views of O. Spengler, the work examines the issues of authenticity of different cultures, intercultural interaction, the possibility of comprehending one culture by another, the artificial embedding of one culture's values into another, cultural xenophobia and nihilism. The description of the features of Russian culture that was set in the "Decline of Europe" forms a figurative representation of modern researchers about Russia in German socio-political thought of the first quarter of the twentieth century. According to the presented analysis, the author concludes that external challenges that threaten the preservation of the cultural core give rise to artificial pseudomorphoses. The formed concept of the cultures' evolution allowed to predict the vital potential and vector of the development of Russian culture for a millennium ahead.
Key words: O. Spengler, "The Decline of Europe", culture, Russia, pseudomorphosis.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.005
YU.E. BELANOVSKAYA PhD (History), Associate professor, History of Russia Department, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
A.V. MIRONOVA PhD (History), Associate professor, History of Russia Department, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of historical sciences, Professor, History of Russia Department, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
PATRIOTISM AND PATRIOTS IN MODERN RUSSIA: SIGNS OF STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS (HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECT)
The article attempts to show and explain the signs of the dichotomous properties of such a phenomenon as patriotism by the example of historical plots. The results of the study confirm our hypothesis, that potentially patriots, as subjects of patriotism, and patriotism in the form in which it offered itself, as the state and society see it, have both signs of strength and weakness. This prevents patriotism from confidently and firmly serving to strengthen the state in its broad historical significance, as well as in the meaning of understanding and explaining the image and idea of the future of Russian statehood.
Key words: patriotism, patriots, signs of patriotism, historical examples of patriotism and non-patriotism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.006
V.A. VOLOKH Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies of the Institute of Public Administration and Law of the State University of Management, Professor of the Department of Political Processes, Technologies and Propaganda of the Faculty of International Relations and Geopolitics of the Vladimir Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Member of the Presidential Council Russian Federation on Interethnic Relations, member of the Public Council under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.A. SUVOROVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and Political Technologies of the Institute of Public Administration and Law of the State University of Management, member of the Expert Advisory Council at the GUVM of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
S.P. SHOROKHOVA PhD, Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of International Relations and Geopolitics, Head of the Department of Political Processes, Technologies and Propaganda of the ANO VO, Moscow, Russia
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL EXPERIENCE OF THE INTEGRATION POLICY OF MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA
Introduction: the article examines the experience of the integration policy of migrants in Russia in the historical and political context. Special attention is paid to the analysis of integration policy in the tsarist and Soviet periods. The authors note the peculiarities of the survival rate of internal migrants. The article is intended for specialists in the field of political science, history and sociology, as well as anyone interested in migration and integration in Russia.
Purpose and objectives: The purpose of this article is to study the historical and political experience of the integration policy of migrants in Russia and its effectiveness.
Achieving this goal becomes a consequence of solving the following list of tasks: to consider the history of immigration to Russia and its impact on the economy and society; to investigate the processes of internal migration and the integration of internal migrants; to study the current policy of integration of migrants in Russia and its effectiveness; to analyze obstacles to the integration of migrants in Russia; to consider the consequences of successful integration of migrants for the economy and societies.
Methods: in carrying out the research, historical, comparative, analytical, as well as methods of scientific generalization and synthesis were used.
Results: the study of the integration of migrants in Russia is analyzed on the basis of historical and political science experience. The study revealed that despite certain stereotypes and barriers, migrants in Russia are still mostly integrated into society and make a significant contribution to the economic development of the country. The article also offered recommendations for improving the integration policy of migrants in Russia.
Conclusions: the necessity of creating a system of integration of migrants into Russian society is emphasized. The authors note that integration should be a two-way process, including teaching the Russian language and the legal foundations of Russia, as well as respect for the cultural and religious traditions of migrants.
However, it is worth noting that despite numerous programs and policies that perform the function of integrating migrants in Russia, the question of their success remains open. The article focuses on the need to change the mentality of Russian society and the education of civic culture and trust in relation to migrants.
In general, the article emphasizes the importance of the integration policy of migrants in Russia, provided its integrated and balanced approach.
Key words: migration, adaptation, integration, politics, Russia, labor market, population, migration processes, trends.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.007
S.K. AZIZI Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
GENDER AND FACTORS, ITS DEFINITIONS: THE REALITIES OF MODERN TAJIK SOCIETY
The given article is issued/deals with the research of some factors and peculiarities determining gender problems on the context of modern sociocultural conditions of Tajik society. The author of the article analyzes the view of Islamic religion, Oriental/Eastern mentality and traditionalism, patriarchal models of family and social life, which influences to women rights in modern Tajikistan.
Key words: gender, sex, women's rights, traditions, morality, religion, family, employment and others.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.008
A.V. BUSLAEV BA in Political Sciences, Master student at Zhirinowsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia
M.R. DEMETRADZE Ph.D. in Political Sciences, Full Professor at Zhirinowsky University of World Civilizations; Russian Heritage Institute Likhachev Russian Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
GENESIS OF THE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
Introduction. Despite the claims often made by of neo-liberal researchers, that the sovereignty at our time is a withering concept, this very category retains its place as a cornerstone of a state, which, given the fact that this concept serves as the very basis for the very system that ensures citizen compliance with the rules of mutually beneficial coexistence, this should be of little surprise. Nevertheless, despite its importance, there is no definition of sovereignty in neither international nor national positive law. This, in turn, grants any and all international actors the complete freedom to interpret it within its general theoretical framework, resulting in simultaneous existence of completely different, often incompatible ideas, concepts, and practices.
Purpose and objectives. Our general purpose is to determine the initial goals pursued by the creation of sovereignty. Achieving this goal demands the following; identifying the prerequisites for the emergence of sovereignty; determining the necessary conditions for the emergence and existence of sovereignty; exploring the characteristic features of the political systems of the states of Europe that took place during the period of the emergence of sovereignty.
Methods. While performing the research, historical, comparative, analytical methods, as well as methods of scientific generalization and synthesis were applied.
Results. This research presents the process of the emergence of prerequisites for the creation of sovereignty, the emergence of the concept of sovereignty of the ruler in the philosophical and legal thought of Europe, the process of the gradual disappearance of supranational sovereigns in the form of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope, the transformation of sovereignty into a fundamental category of domestic politics.
Conclusion. Sovereignty was originally formed as a mechanism for justifying the power of the ruler, of him rising above the law and becoming a source of it. Over time, after the collapse of the first conditional world sovereign – the Roman Empire – sovereignty was forgotten, only to be reinvented later to rid the European monarchs of the influence of those who claimed the heritage and power of Rome. Over time, having adopted this concept, the states saw in it a limitation of their own power, and therefore distorted it, turning it into one of the most dangerous and immoral constructs for a while. In the sphere of international relations, sovereignty created a paradoxical situation: in relation to a separate political community, this category implied the presence of a bearer of absolute power in it, while in relation to the international community, the absence of such.
Key words: international relations, international law, sovereignty, sovereign, political community, nation-state.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.009
М.V. SVECHNIKOVA Graduate Student, History and Theory of Politics Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUST IN THE SPACE OF MODERN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET
Modern trends of digitalization and virtualization of the socio-political space pose new research tasks for scientists, one of which is related to the revision of the characteristics of trust in the process of political Internet communication. In this paper, the author identifies and analyzes the features of communication between the government and society on the Internet, while trying to identify the place and role of trust in the modern communication model. Theoretical assumptions are formulated, they need empirical substantiation: 1) communication in the virtual space is more related to the phenomenon of "distrust"; 2) the priority of trust in the source of information rather than the information itself; 3) the transfer of trust in information sources from offline to online space; 4) narrowing of the radius of trust, the phenomenon of "bonding trust"; 5) point formation of trust; 6) security as an important factor in the formation of a trusting relationship.
Кey words: trust, political Internet communication, self-communication, echo chamber, information capsule.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.010
E.A. KOTOVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF CLERICALIZATION OF RUSSIA
Religious institutions have always been linked to political processes. Moreover, initially, some of the functions that the state subsequently assumed were related to the functions of the church. Today, the domestic political science discourse often raises the question of the clericalization of Russia, despite the fact that officially our country is a secular state. The author of the work comprehensively examines the term clericalization, its semantics and boundaries of use. The degree of participation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the political life of Russia is also analyzed. Methods of system analysis and political and legal analysis are used. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that there is no situation of clericalization and the secular nature of state-religious relations in the Russian Federation.
Key words: clericalization, secularization, secular state, state-confessional relations, state, Russian Orthodox Church.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.011
A.I. ACOBARDINA Bachelor of the Department of Comparative Political Science, MGIMO MFA RF, Moscow, Russia
ANALYSIS OF DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION OF THE USA BASED ON THE THEORY OF THREE-LEVEL CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRACY by H. LINZ AND A. STEPAN
In this article, the author assesses the level of democratic consolidation in the United States using the theory of H. Linz and A. Stepan. According to this theory, the consolidation of democracy occurs at three levels: institutional, behavioral and value. By “consolidated democracy” is meant a political regime in which democracy, as a complex system of institutions, rules and incentives, has become “the only game in town”: at all three levels of consolidation, democracy has become routinized and deeply embedded in social, institutional and psychological life. The neo-institutional approach in its two interpretations was chosen as the research methodology: rational choice neo-institutionalism and sociological neo-institutionalism.
The main conclusion of the work can be considered the position that the departure from democratic norms occurs at two levels out of three – behavioral and value. The institutional level remains stable despite all the challenges American democracy faces today. Value and behavioral deconsolidation are objective processes characteristic of American society, but in the short term they do not lead to institutional instability. At the same time, there are reasons to believe that democratic consolidation, in which the vast majority of the country's citizens accept democratic values and reject authoritarian alternatives, is a reversible process.
Key words: democracy, democratic consolidation, democratic institutions, US democratic system.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.012
I.I. ABRASHIN Postgraduate student of the Central Russian Institute management – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian Academy of National Economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Orel, Russia
FEATURES OF INTRODUCING A PROJECT APPROACH IN THE PROCESS OF MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT
This scientific article is devoted to the study of the features of the implementation of the project approach in the process of municipal management. The paper describes the key features of this approach, such as flexibility, focus on results, as well as the difficulties associated with lack of experience and shortage of staff, the problem of funding and others. The purpose of the study is to study the problems that municipalities face in the implementation of project management and develop recommendations for improving this approach in order to effectively manage the socio-economic development of municipalities.
To achieve the goal, a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, logical and comparative analysis, grouping and generalization method, expert analysis and scientific classification method are used. These methods make it possible to more fully and accurately identify problems and identify opportunities for improving project management at the municipal level. Based on the data obtained, the author concludes that the project approach can become an effective tool for managing municipal development, but requires serious work to adapt to the specific conditions and needs of municipalities.
Key words: project approach, municipal government, local government, project, municipal development.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.013
I.S. CHISTOV PhD Student, Department of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Law Institute of the Russian, Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
M.V. KOLPAKOV PhD Student, Department of Public Policy and History State and Law of the Law Institute of the Russian, Peoples' Friendship University named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITALIZATION POLICY IN THE FORMATION OF THE REPUTATIONAL CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AND CHUVASHIA
This article conducts a comparative analysis of the implementation of the digitalization policy and its impact on the formation of reputational capital in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Chuvashia. Digitalization is an important factor in the development of modern regions, affecting their competitiveness and economic growth. The main aspects of the implementation of the digitalization policy are analyzed, including the development of digital infrastructure, attraction of investments and business development, as well as communication and marketing activities. As a result of a comparative analysis, differences in the level of development and strengthening of reputational capital in the field of digitalization between the Republic of Bashkortostan and Chuvashia are revealed. The analysis offers recommendations for improving the reputational capital of both regions in the field of digitalization and highlights the need to further develop digitalization policies for the sustainable growth and development of these regions.
Key words: reputation, public administration, reputational capital, digitalization policy.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.014
YIN SIMENG Candidate in Political Science, Senior Lecturer in the School of International Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Researcher at the Institute of Northeast Asian Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, West Section of Lushun South Road, No. 6, Dalian, China
A. BIKERNIECE Candidate in Political Science, Lecturer in the School of International Studies, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, West Section of Lushun South Road, No. 6, Dalian, China
THE BUILDING OF EUROPEAN SOFT POWER IN CHINA THROUGH EDUCATIONAL COLLABORATION
Education is one of the important means to realise the construction of a country's soft power, and overseas students, as carriers of culture and values exported to the outside world, can help build a positive national image. This paper systematically examines the history and current situation of China-EU relations, China-EU educational exchange and cooperation projects, and China-EU international student exchanges between 2008 and 2022. The authors give a detailed introduction to the Erasmus Education Programme, a specific EU initiative in the field of, and points out that China-EU cooperation in the field of education faces the following challenges. First, the institutional limitations of the EU's "umbrella" approach have led to a booming trend of bilateral cooperation between EU countries and China, and at the same time, the EU as a regional organisation has worked closely with China but has less cooperation with the Chinese government and lacks a unified system. Second, there is some competition between the two sides in terms of talent training and employment opportunities. Thirdly, the core of EU-China relations is economic and technical cooperation, while education cooperation is not a priority for the two sides. Sino-European education cooperation continues to show positive trends, as evidenced by the undiminished interest of Chinese and European students in studying abroad; the outbreak of the COVID-19, which has facilitated the process of digital reform of education policies, including in the EU; and online education models and technological changes, which are breaking geographical boundaries and gradually becoming an important complementary approach to offline education, as well as a tool to promote cultural exchange.
Key words: education cooperation, China, EU, soft power, Erasmus Mundus.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.015
N.I. MASLAKOVA-CLAUBERG Candidate of Political Sciences, Senior Research Fellow Scientific Center for Research and Development of Civilizations of the East ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia
CHALLENGES FOR THE WORLD ORDER IN THE 21ST CENTURY: G7 AND BRICS
Introduction: in the context of the ongoing transformation of the world political system, large international organizations, and informal groups of countries, which have the most significant impact on the formation of a new world order of the 21st century, are of particular importance. Among them, the two largest organizations should be singled out – the G7 as an informal international club of states (countries of the «collective West» recognizing the global dominance of the United States), and BRICS as an interstate association of countries (countries focused on building a multipolar world). This study presents an analysis of the activities of these organizations in the current conditions of geopolitical confrontation along the West-East line. The prospects for their development will largely determine the contours of the future world order, since they represent two influential centers – Euro-Atlanticism (G7) and multipolarity (BRICS).
Purpose and objectives: the main purpose of this study is to present a comparative analysis of the activities of the G7 and BRICS, as well as their influence on the formation of a new world political system of the 21st century, considering modern challenges and military conflicts. To achieve this goal, the following list of tasks was defined: to analyze the political and economic potentials of these two organizations, to give a comparative description of their influence in modern international relations, to highlight their main advantages and disadvantages in a changing world order, to substantiate the prospects for their development, taking into account the rapidly changing political – the economic situation in the world, predetermine their place in the new emerging world political system.
Methods: in this study, the following methods were used: scientific generalization and synthesis, as well as other methods – analytical, historical, comparative, and monographic.
Results: the result of the scientific study is a general comparative analysis of the potential of two organizations – the G7 and BRICS, which, in the context of growing geopolitical tensions, have influential positions and influence the formation of a new world order of the 21st century. The world order created after the Second World War faced a bloc confrontation between two political systems – socialist and capitalist – during the Cold War. Despite the fact that the international organizations of the UN system formed the basis of the post-war world political system, they turned out to be ineffective in the face of the growing challenges and threats of their time.
Conclusions: The international organizations presented in the study – the G7 and BRICS – have essentially different geopolitical perspectives. Thus, the G7 is on the «downward line» due to the ongoing transformation of the old world order, while the BRICS is on the «upward line», since it focuses on building a new multi-order world. However, whether the BRICS will be able to turn into an influential political center capable of «setting the tone» in the 21st century, only time will tell. Nevertheless, it becomes obvious that the era of «Eurocentrism» and «American globalism», the agenda of which is voiced by the «Big Seven», is losing its attractiveness in the form of emerging new centers of power. The «geopolitical shift» to the East is becoming a fait accompli.
Key words: рost-war system of the world, global confrontation, formation of a new world political system, collapse of the USSR, multipolarity, international law, economic potential, geopolitical turbulence, international security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.016
MEHMET URPER Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian Relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
EVOLUTION OF DYNAMICS OF TURKEY'S NEW FOREIGN ECONOMIC CONCEPT DURING THE AKP GOVERNANCE
This article discusses the features of today's prospects and perplexity, as well as the dynamics of the external economic strategic new multi-vector orientation of the leadership of the AKP, in the development of Turkey's trade and economic stability in the international arena, at the beginning of the 21st century. Additionally, special attention is paid to the study of the conceptual component of the formation of a new economic model in Turkey, in the period after the Justice and Development Party came to power. At the same time, the conceptualization of economic prerequisites at the level of a separate mechanism for the functioning of the economic base is analyzed and considered in the context of the programs for the implementation of projects for the implementation of the political activity of the Justice and Development Party after 2002. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive picture of the regionally determined geo-economic and globally oriented socio-economic development of Turkey as a benevolent peacemaker in the system of international relations. The subject of this study is the evolution of the dynamics of economic development based on the historical, ethno-confessional and cultural values of the Ottoman heritage, which gave rise to the concept of "Imperialism 2.0" as a new ideologeme that can be fundamental within the paradigm of the Neo-Republican commitment to the model of public administration in Turkey's foreign policy.
Key words: Russia, USA, Turkey, Europe, international economic situation, Middle East.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.017
A.D. LISENKOVA Lecturer, Department of International Relations, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia
EUROSCEPTIC POLITICAL GROUPS IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
This article characterizes the features and identifies the differences among the Eurosceptic political groups in the current convocation (2019-2024) of the European Parliament. These include The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL, the European Conservatives and Reformists and the Identity and Democracy. The text compares the ideological foundations of the groups and their results in the elections of different years, as well as assesses the problems and prospects for further development. Separately, the most represented among the non-inscrits national Eurosceptic party the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance is considered. The author comes to the conclusion about the dominance of soft and right-wing Euroscepticism at the present stage, significant heterogeneity among left-wing Eurosceptics, comparatively positive prospects for conservatives and reformists even after the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, as well as about the determining importance of the attitude of member parties towards Russia in the distribution parties between groups in the European Parliament.
Key words: Euroscepticism, populism, European Parliament, political group, political party, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.018
D.R. EMELIN PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University them. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
MIDDLE EAST AS A SUBJECT OF RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY POLICY
In modern conditions, energy policy is becoming one of the key components of the foreign policy of both importing states and exporting states of minerals. This state of affairs is explained by the national interests that guide all states. And ensuring energy security in this context is becoming one of the key tasks, which is due to the direct dependence of socio-economic development on the availability of energy resources, which are headed by the oil and gas sector. The paper considers the intra-regional approach of the countries of the Middle East to ensuring the principles of energy policy and security on the example of individual countries. In addition, there are a number of factors, among which one can single out the constant struggle for influence in the region, terrorism, religious clashes, which negatively affect the development of a stable system of regional security, and, consequently, the implementation of the energy policy of countries. The article also raises the question of the interests of global actors in the Middle East, who seek to have a direct impact on the processes taking place in the Middle East theater.
Key words: Middle East, energy policy, energy security, relations between East and West, global terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.019
S.A. KAZARYAN PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
In the last few decades, the influence of transnational corporations (TNCs) on international relations has become increasingly obvious. It should be emphasized that the impact of TNCs concerns not only economic relations, but also affects political relations between various states. As part of their interstates activities, TNCs, as relatively new subjects of international relations, are increasingly using corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in their host countries. Public policy and public sector actors in developing countries are hugely facing problems related to corporate social responsibility. It is extremely important to try to determine the area of responsibility of TNCs within the framework of CSR initiatives, the possibilities of state and legal regulation of TNCs’ activities, the level of transparency of companies' accountability, instruments of state influence and influence on TNCs to further prevent the negative consequences of their activities on political, social and environmental spheres, such as: corruption, violation of human rights, harmful effects on the environment and many others.
The article presents the definitions of the concepts "transnational corporation" and "corporate social responsibility" existing in the scientific community. This article also illustrates examples of the positive and negative impact of CSR initiatives in developing countries. In addition, the range of opportunities that states have to mitigate the negative effects of CSR, as well as to use its potential positive benefits for public policy, are presented. Government involvement is illustrated by examples of policy instruments and programs that contribute to the beneficial impact of CSR of multinational corporations on solving global social problems in developing countries.
Key words: transnational corporations, social corporate responsibility, USA, developing countries.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.020
LUO YANCHAO Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
XIANG YIYUAN Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
LIU YUCHEN Master, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
ZHU HAO Bachelor, Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
COMPARISON OF CHINA'S AND INDIA'S TOOLS OF INFLUENCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY
The article contains questions related to the competition between China and India and their influence in Southeast Asia. The countries use various tools to increase their economic, trade and political presence in the region. The purpose of the article is to identify such tools, compare them and draw a conclusion about current results.
There are described such tools as the Belt and Road Initiative, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, assistance from compatriots, Free Trade Zone Agreements, the Act East doctrine, cooperation with ASEAN and within its forms of dialogue, etc. Also there are indicated the similarities and differences in the tools used by regional leaders in the article. An analysis of approaches allows us to draw a conclusion about the capabilities of India and China and the prospects for the development of the region.
Key words: China, India, Southeast Asia, ASEAN, international relations, instruments of influence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.021
LIU QI Postgraduate student Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP IN THE INFORMATION WARS OF MODERNITY
In recent years, with the accelerated development of new military changes in the world, the way of warfare has changed from the traditional style of single combat to modern information warfare. Information warfare refers to the integrated use of electronic, cyber, and psychological warfare to combat or resist enemy operations based on information weapons and the information battlefield. With the development of information warfare, the power of both offensive and defensive information weapons in the war will increase. In the future, the battlefield will be dominated by whoever can seize the right to dominate information, who will determine the direction of military operations. In the context of US dominance in the field of information confrontation and the current geopolitical circumstances associated with the Ukrainian crisis and the Taiwan issue, cooperation between Russia and China to ensure their own information security is of great importance.
Key words: Russian-Ukrainian conflict, hybrid wars, information wars, Russian-Chinese conflict, information security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.022
P.P. MOLCHANOV PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University them. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE MIGRATION CRISIS’S IMPACT ON THE CONCEPT OF “EUROPEAN SOLIDARITY”
This article is devoted to the issue of determining the impact of the migration crisis’s events in the EU on the concept of "European solidarity". The relevance of the theme raised is contingent on the very nature of this term, which is widely held in socio-political and research discourse and is perceived as one of the "fundamental pillar" of the integration processes taking place in the region. Having become a serious challenge for the entire European Union, the migration crisis was not limited to purely quantitative problems, but quickly reached a qualitative level, affecting, among other things, the basic ideological and value principles of association. To achieve the goal of the article, the following sequential tasks were set: defining the essence of the "European solidarity" idea, considering specific examples of the migration crisis’s negative impact on this concept, establishing the overall degree of pressure of the events described on the processes of developing, coordinating and implementing a unified political course in Europe. The material proposed in this article clearly demonstrates the fact that the migration crisis had a significant impact on the concept of "European solidarity", showing clean-cut the numerous problems and difficulties associated with the whole complex of procedures for implementing a coherent and concerted political course in the EU – at the interstate, subregional and pan-European levels; Thus, the most important effect incidental to the events described is a kind of delineation of the "European solidarity limits" – the actual ambit that put bounds to the combined possibilities of the countries of the association for cooperation at the present stage and in one way or another affect the prospects for further development of integration processes in the region.
Key words: European Union, migration crisis, "European solidarity", "limits of European solidarity", unified political course.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.023
K.S. NALBANDIAN Postgraduate student at the Department of Global Processes (Chair of Global Studies) Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
TURKEY'S POLITICAL INFLUENCE IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS
Introduction. The aim of the study is to assess Turkey's political influence through economic, cultural, and educational instruments. Turkey, while asserting its status as a regional power, aims to strengthen its influence in the South Caucasus through soft power, economic and cultural cooperation, which in turn could weaken the position of the Russian Federation in the region if the balance of power were to change. Objectives are to trace the historical formation of Turkey's interests in the South Caucasus, the conceptual foundations of Turkey's foreign policy, and the energy, strategic, migration and cultural projects that will determine the extent of Turkey's engagement in the region.
Materials and methods. Documents on cooperation between Turkey and the South Caucasus states, the writings of Turkish researchers and statesmen, and media coverage of the meetings and bilateral cooperation were used as material for the analysis. The research was conducted using historical and analytical methods. In particular, the method of trend analysis was used, which made it possible to identify the key directions of Turkey's current policy in the South Caucasus.
Results. Turkey's foreign policy course in this direction is based on the ideology of pan-Turkism. It is established that the situation has improved in relations with Armenia and the latter is ready to resume cooperation with Turkey without any conditions related to the recognition of the NKR (Nagorno-Karabakh Republic). It was concluded that the policy of Turkey has achieved significant success only in Azerbaijan, but in Georgia it is carried out through the influence on the youth.
Discussion. Turkey's influence is confirmed through the analysis of economic data, as well as the activities of various cultural and other organizations aimed at increasing Turkey's attractiveness as a foreign policy and economic partner.
Conclusion. The study of Turkey's activities in the South Caucasus seems important from a theoretical and practical point of view since the expansion of Turkish influence in the region in question does not correspond to the interests of the Russian Federation. The latter is interested in strengthening its own influence and spreading culture in the South Caucasus, as well as increasing interaction with Armenia.
Key words: Turkey, South Caucasus, humanitarian diplomacy, economic cooperation, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Pan-Turkism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.024
A.E. TUROVSKAIA Post-graduate student, Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
US ROLE IN TRANSFORMATION OF THE SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE BALTIC SEA REGION
The article examines the foreign policy of the United States in the Baltic Sea region in the context of the transformation of the regional security system. The author analyzes the degree of involvement of the actor in the region's problems and its role. It is determined that Washington is one of the key actors shaping the system itself, despite its status as a non-regional actor and situational interest in the Baltic Sea region. The conduit of US influence is the NATO, which currently involves almost all countries in the region (except for Russia and Sweden, which have not yet completed the accession process). Examined are the goals of the United States. The author noted that with the help of countries that depend on US security guarantees, Washington maintains the necessary level of strategic confrontation between Russia and Europe to prevent their rapprochement and to influence European countries. At the same time, the United States stopped adhering to some agreements that led to reciprocal actions of another key actor, Russia. Also that had a negative impact on the security architecture. The author draws attention to the fact that ignoring Moscow's security interests causes a painful reaction and increases tension in the region.
Key words: security system, security, Baltic Sea region, USA, Europe, NATO.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.025
P.V. AREFIEV Undergraduate student, School of Governance and Politics, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
THE POLITICAL COURSE OF “SOCIALISM OF THE XXI CENTURY” IN VENEZUELA AND THE REASONS FOR ITS FAILURE
The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in connection with the implementation of the political course of “socialism of the XXI century” in this country, which was distinguished by pronounced populism and led the state to a state of deep economic crisis.
The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in the modern world any political concept implemented in practice needs to be studied and carefully analyzed, regardless of its effectiveness.
The purpose of the article is a political analysis of the model of “Bolivarian socialism” implemented in the Republic of Venezuela in terms of its ideological foundations, political restrictions and socio-economic consequences.
Methods and materials. The materials of this article are the works of political scientists and economists, as well as statistical data regarding the development of the Venezuelan economy during the reign of U. Chavez and N. Maduro. To achieve this goal, the author used methods of analysis of scientific literature, methods of political science analysis and analysis of economic statistics.
Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the political course “socialism of the XXI century” is a vivid example of political populism and socio-economic idealism, as a result of which the political future of Venezuela is difficult to predict; it is also difficult to outline ways for the country to get out of the crisis without changing the political course.
Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was concluded that political populism, despite the perniciousness of its ideologies, is a common phenomenon throughout the world. However, it was in Venezuela, where political leaders, using populist narratives, were able to strengthen their political influence to the detriment of the socio-economic development of the state, this policy has fully demonstrated its failure.
Key words: populism, politics, economics, Venezuela, reforms, crisis.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.026
E.N. ZINOVEVA Student of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences оf Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL AGENDA IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
This article is dedicated to the essence and the process of evolution of the concept of political agenda in political science. The approaches to the definition of the concept proposed by both foreign and Russian political scientists are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of factors and subjects that are able to influence the agenda setting process. The functions performed by the political agenda are noted. It is concluded that the political agenda, the contribution to the formation of which is made by various actors that compete against each other is a complex and essential element of the political decision-making process that plays an important role in public policy.
Key words: political agenda, agenda, policy process, agenda-setting.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.027
A.I. KURCHENKO Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
SOUTH KOREAN JAPANESE RELATIONS: CONFLICTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Since ancient times, for several tens of centuries, Japan and Korea have been close neighbors, but despite their territorial proximity, relations between the two states are very unstable, periods of cooperation echo conflicts, which complicates the already difficult geopolitical situation in the region. One of the main reasons for this instability is the territorial disputes that have arisen between Japan and Korea. In recent years, these disputes have become more explicit, exacerbating the already difficult geopolitical situation in the region. Another factor that has contributed to tensions between the two countries is their different political systems and ideologies. Do not forget about the period of Japanese colonial expansion, when the Korean Peninsula was used for more than 30 years as a springboard for Japan, and the Koreans as a free labor force. Despite the fact that enough time has passed since the era of colonialism, the Koreans have not been able to forget and forgive the horrors that their country and ancestors had to endure. That is why, despite the strong bilateral diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea, XXI is still not without disagreements between the two states. This article discusses and studies the economic, territorial and historical conflicts between Japan and Korea that have occurred over the past two decades. The conclusions based on the results of this work contribute to a better understanding of not only South Korean – Japanese relations, but also the geopolitical situation in the region.
Key words: Japan, Republic of Korea, diplomatic relations, disputes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.028
LI XIAWEI Master student at the Russian Language Institute of the Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian, China
FEATURES OF SINO-RUSSIAN RELATIONS OF COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIC COOPERATION AND PARTNERSHIP
China and Russia are based on national development and in line with the spirit of the times, adhere to internal and external mutual benefit, political mutual trust between the major powers, and strive for the common security of the great powers. These are the features of Chinese-Russian relations of comprehensive strategic cooperation and partnership.
Key words: China-Russian relations, comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination, mutually beneficial situation, political mutual trust, common security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.029
O.A. PAK Master's student, Department of History of Socio-Political Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE EXAMPLE OF THE ENGLISH GENTLEMAN J. LOCKE: THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAL WITH POLITICAL REALITY
Within the framework of this article, the problem of the formation of the image of an ideal politician in a historical context is considered. The purpose of the work is to determine what transformations can occur with this image in connection with the development of society and its political structure. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of not only the epoch, but also the peculiarities of individual countries and civilizations. In this paper, the problem is considered with the help of an appeal to the ideal of an English gentleman. As a theoretical model, the work of the English philosopher J. Locke, and the correspondence of the ideal to practice is considered by the example of biographies of representatives of the English political elite of various eras.
The results obtained as a result of the study suggest that by the middle of the XVII century in England, there was a need for a pattern of behavior that could become the basis for those people who hoped to stay in the ranks of the elite or enter it. This image in the treatise of J. Locke united the historical traditions associated with the chivalric era and the changes that took place in the economy and social structure of England during the Revolution. The ideal gentleman had to combine physical strength, courage with a fairly high level of education. Society expected from the new representative of the elite not only the ability and willingness to participate in battles, but also the ability to prove himself as a diplomat, courtier, official. At the same time, the main qualities of the personality were composure, the ability to endure all the difficulties of life with fortitude. These requirements for representatives of the elite persisted in later eras, although specific skills and methods of education could undergo a significant transformation.
Key words: J. Locke, political elite, ideal of a gentleman, education system, English revolution, aristocracy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.94-2.6-2.030
A.D. STENYAEVA Student of the Moscow City Pedagogical University, University of the Foreign languages Department of Chinese, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA'S GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY TOWARDS CHINA
The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the influence of Russian-Chinese relations on the global transformation of forces, regional dynamics, geopolitical consequences and the formation of a new international order. Understanding the motives goals and mechanisms of this strategic partnership provides valuable information about the changing geopolitical landscape and future trajectories of world powers. The aim of the work is to analyze the geopolitical strategy of Russia in relation to China with an emphasis on the relations of countries during the formation of a new international order from 2022. Theoretical basis of the article is political realism and the theory of hegemonic stability, which help to clarify competition and cooperation between two countries, considering such factors as territorial disputes, access to resources and influence in regional and global affairs. The authors analyzed visits at a high level, joint statements. It is noted that the intensification of economic cooperation and trade agreements underlines the desire for economic integration, while energy partnerships and infrastructure projects increase mutual dependence. Military cooperation and joint exercises demonstrate the joint approach of these countries to security issues, contributing to deterrence and strategic coordination. However, the study of risks and potential conflict zones shows that the Russian-Chinese partnership is not immune from challenges. Competition for resources and energy and potential territorial disputes can exacerbate relations and create obstacles to the formation of a harmonious international order. Balancing cooperation with competition, overcoming differences and finding common ground will be critical to maintaining the stability and cohesion of their partnership.
Key words: cooperation, integration, new international order, geopolitics, Russia, China, international relations.
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 4 (92), 2023
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Zhigulskaya D.V., Ravandi-Fadai L.M. The Political Utopia 'in the Land of Free People' by Ahmed-Bek Agaev (Agaoglu)
Anoshkin P.P. The State and Christianity in the Political Philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev
Gudilina E.N., Poroshkov M.M. On the Problem of the Structure of the Interpretative Matrix of Utopia
Sazonova T.A. The «Negative Power» (on a Book «Tribune of the Plebs in Ancient Rome: German Historiography of the 19th Century»)
Samsonova N.N. Transgenerational Approach in the Study of Mechanisms of Collective Trauma Transference
RUSSIAN HISTORY
Bashelkhanov A.Y. The Role of the «Fair Russia» Party in the Socio-Economic and Political Development of Russia on the Example of the Elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation
Lustin K.A. Origins and Factors of Terrorism in Russia
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Vasylchenko M.A. The Problem of Corruption in Russian Society and its Reflection in the Programs of Political Parties
Voropanov S.A. Problems of Implementation of the Mechanisms of Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Modern Russia
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES
Vafin A.M. The Ideology of Public Service in the Context of the Stress of Officials
Chistoprudov K.V., Grigoryan D.K. The Contradictions of Design and Modernization in the Context of Political Postmodernity
Afonin M.V., Krivova A.L., Kudryavtsev S.A. Legal Aspects of Introducing Policy Aimed at Reducing Poverty
Simorot S.Yu. Roc and Modern Russia: Facets of State-Church Dialogue
Gnezdova E.V. The Concept of «Islamic Globalization» as an Alternative Scenario for Constructive Interaction of Civilizations
Samosyuk A.A. Conditions and Factors of Formation of Extreme Forms of Internal Political Process in Russia in Modern Conditions
Kychkin I.I., Tantsura M.S. Coalition Power Distribution on the Example of the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Prokhvatilov G.V., Tkesheliadze A.B., Likhomanov K.V. Cultural and Informational Tools for the Realization of the National Interests of the Russian Federation: Problems and Prospects of Use
Valeeva D.M. Problems of Formation and Strengthening of Political Confidence of Young People in the Institutions of State Power in Modern Russia
Kalakutsky A.V. Mechanisms and Technologies for Information Support of the Modern Political Process in the Volga Federal District
Tomaev A.Kh. Competitions as Tools for Recruitting Youth Political Leaders in Modern Russia
Tulinov D.O. Elections on High Readiness. Impact of Pandemic Restrictions on the Electoral Process in the Russian Federation
Shefer A.A. Comparative Analysis of the Programmatic Positions of the CPRF and the FRFT: Similarities and Contradictions
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Mosakova E.A., Zolotarev I.A. Approaches to the Regulation of Cryptocurrency Exchanges in the Post-Covid Period: Global Practices
Mironova S.A. Peculiarities of the Formation of the Oil and Gas Business in Post-Soviet Russia
Jin Lei. A Modern Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Economic Entities
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Krupyanko M.I., Areshidze L.G. New “Cold War 2.0” and Role of Japan in the Strategic Сonfrontation Between the USA and Russia
Vasetsova E.S., Drogovoz A.I. Russian-Kazakhstan Relations in the New Political Conditions: Main Trends and Development Prospects
Seregina A.A. New Ethics for the Functioning of International Energy Organizations
Bukhtoyarov M.V., Bukhtoyarov A.A. The Impact of the Changes in the International Status of the Great Britain after its Exit from the European Union for Political and Economic Relations with the Russian Federation
Perevalova E.A. The Soft Power: Conjunction of Globalism and Regionalism Trends in French Foreign Policy
An D.M., Nizamov M.A. The Problem of the Revision of Article 9 Japanese Constitutions: Differences in the Approaches of Leading Political Parties
Rakhimov K.Kh., Azimov U.Kh. Interaction Between the Republic of Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China within the SCO
Gafarov O.E. The Energy Factor in the Relations Between the Countries Participating in the Organization of Turkic States
Omonov B. The Manifestation of the Eastern Model of Modernization in the Countries of Central and Southeast Asia
Wu Hanchao. Energy Security and Geopolitics in the Arctic
Gatskovskaya V.A. Visegrad Group Cooperation in the Field of Defence and Security Policy
Goichev R.I. Positive and Negative Aspects of the Suspension of the Start-3 Treaty
Jiang Lanhui. New Trends in the Strategy of the United States of America in Central Asia
Luo Yanchao, Xujun, Xiang Yiyuan. "Nuclear Triangle" China-India-Pakistan: Knot Tension
Popova E.A. Broadcasting the Concept of the “Russian World” in Foreign Media (on the Example of Eastern Europe): Risks and Threats for Russia
Tereshenkov A.M. The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Factor of World Politics: Specifics and Parameters of Comprehension
Utekova Z.D. Features of the Image of the Future of Kazakhstan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Khorbaladze E.L. Key Elements of China Strategy in Asia Pacific
Chen Zihao, Mao Shuo. Diplomatic Strategies of Chinese Multinational Corporations (MNCS)
STUDENT SCIENCE
Borovkov V.S. Chinese Experience in Building a National Security System
Prisekin A.A. Formation of a New International Innovation Cooperation as a Factor of Russia's Competitiveness on the World Stage
Fenin K.V., Kuznetsova V.A. Italy: Return to Normality?
Golovina G.N., Shirokov V.O., Kotov S.V. Reception of Libertarianism in Modern Russia
Yuan Yuan. The Study of Relations Between Russia and China in the Context of the "One Belt, One Road" Project in the New Conditions of Cooperation
Khomyakov D.O. Innovative System of the Civil Aircraft Industry in the Policy of Ensuring the Technological Sovereignty of the Russian Federation in 2022-2023
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.001
D.V. ZHIGULSKAYA Candidate of Science (History), Senior Lecturer at the Oriental Political Studies Department of the Faculty of Global Processes of Moscow Lomonosov State University, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
L.M. RAVANDI-FADAI Candidate of Science (History), Senior Researcher, Head of the Oriental Culture Centre at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of the Contemporary Orient and Africa of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
THE POLITICAL UTOPIA 'IN THE LAND OF FREE PEOPLE' BY AHMED-BEK AGAEV (AGAOGLU)
"I was a slave and I wanted to become free" (Serbest İnsanlar Ülkesinde) – these are the opening words of the political utopia 'In the Land of Free People' by Ahmed-bek Agaev (Agaoglu), the outstanding Azerbaijani thinker, born in Shusha in 1869, who held a special place in the political and intellectual circles of the Caucasus and Muslim Russia in the late 19th – early 20th century, and later in the Ottoman Empire and republican Turkey.
The purpose of the article is to elucidate Ahmed-Bek Agaev's political views on the problem of civil society and his key theoretical approaches to the shaping and development of a bonding mentality and national identity that could unite people. For this, the article addresses a series of successive tasks: it reviews the key stages of Ahmed-bek Agaev's life and his political and intellectual activities, providing a detailed analysis of the source of 'In the Land of Free People,' which he wrote in 1930 as his political career drew to a close. The paper is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism.
The result is an overview of Ahmed-bek Agaev's key thinking on the ideal state and its citizens, including a summary of his significant influence on the development of liberal thought in Turkey. Specifically, Agaev should be seen as a vigorous proponent of а multiparty republican system, which he regarded as an important step on man's path to freedom.
Key words: Ahmed-bek Agaev (Agaoglu), 'In the Land of Free People', Turkish Republic, liberal Kemalism, national identity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.002
P.P. ANOSHKIN Senior Lecturer of the Philosophy Department Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
THE STATE AND CHRISTIANITY IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF N.A. BERDYAEV
This article presents the views of a famous Russian philosopher N.A. Berdyaev on the relationship between Christianity and European statehood.
The goal of the article is to systematize and reconstruct philosopher's views on a topic of relationship between the state and Christian religion and to show its relevance and validity for contemporary political science and philosophy. Thereby the author shows the role and place of Christianity in the life of European states, its meaning and purpose, Christian church relations with the socio-political system of the state, Christianity is viewed as a spiritual basis for implementation of state interests and goals.
When writing the article works of N.A. Berdyaev, along with works of Russian Orthodox Church and Catholic Church scholars, and works of foreign and domestic philosophical and political thought representatives which shown the role of Christianity in the development of European states were studied by the author. The analysis of various approaches to understanding the problem was carried out.
Philosophical, historical and logical methodology, hermeneutic, normative-values, sociological, anthropological and others methods have been applied in the course of working on the article.
In the present article, the author has shown that N.A. Berdyaev's approaches to understanding the relationship between the state and Christian religion allow us to understand a true nature of this political phenomenon.
The work done by the author to systematize and reconstruct N.A. Berdyaev's approaches to understanding the problem allows us to use its results in further research into the role of Christianity in the development and functioning of the state.
Key words: State, Christianity, Papocaesarism, Caesaropapism, Christianisation, morality and justice.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.003
E.N. GUDILINA Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
M.M. POROSHKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERPRETATIVE MATRIX OF UTOPIA
The relevance of the research is due to the constant appeal of political and legal thought to utopia as an image of a socially desirable and possible future. Numerous examples of utopias and studies of the phenomenon of utopia itself seek to overcome the negative connotations existing in culture (utopia as empty dreams, as a chimera, as non-viable constructions, etc.), but the variability and degree of manifestation of utopia necessitates the identification of its structure. The purpose of the study is to consider utopia as an interpretive matrix that allows us to comprehend and transform reality. The goal determines the following tasks: to identify the cells of the utopia matrix, analyze the boundaries of each cell and illustrate their content. The search for the structure of utopia is carried out within the framework of social constructivism, which sees in utopia not so much a set of abstract timeless judgments about the best social structure, but rather an image of an objectively different and subjectively desired social order understood in the concreteness of spatial and temporal coordinates. The result of the study was a utopia matrix consisting of the following cells: imagination and the imaginary; value-semantic saturation; the theme of utopia and its ideology; collective subject. Special attention was paid to those social practices that make it possible to revise and reorganize socio-political reality (for example, the spread of already implemented social practices of the minority to the majority, as well as reconfiguration, cross-appropriation and articulation are analyzed). The utopia matrix obtained as a result of the study makes it possible not only to structure and critically analyze existing utopias, but also to design new ones.
Key words: utopia, interpretive matrix, imagination, ideology, ideologicity, collective subject, social practices, reconfiguration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.004
T.A. SAZONOVA Postgraduate student, Department of the History of Socio-Political Doctrines, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE «NEGATIVE POWER» (ON A BOOK «TRIBUNE OF THE PLEBS IN ANCIENT ROME: GERMAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 19TH CENTURY»)
This article contains a critical review of the book on tribune of the plebs in Ancient Rome in the context of German historiography. It shows the book content, its main advantages and scientific value. The article was traced with the help of modern methods such as comparison, synthesis, interpretation of results, political and textual analysis. The book by scientists from Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University contributes to the study of both ancient history and political thought of Europe in the 19th century. It also concerns the current issues of mechanisms for protecting of citizen’s rights and the role and place of the people in public administration.
Key words: tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people, institute of law, Volkstribunat, «negative power», Ancient Rome, historiography, Niebuhr, Germany.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.005
N.N. SAMSONOVA Graduate Student, History and Theory of Politics Program, Political Science Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
TRANSGENERATIONAL APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF MECHANISMS OF COLLECTIVE TRAUMA TRANSFERENCE
The article deals with the phenomenon of transgenerational trauma transference. An analytical review of scientific research on the phenomenon of transgenerational transference of trauma is given. The heuristic value of the expansion of the transgenerational approach to the field of trauma studies, especially dedicated to the research of mechanisms of the emergence and spread of collective trauma as social phenomenon is noted. Protective social mechanisms that block analytical impulses are analyzed as a factor of the transgenerational transference of traumatic experience. It is concluded that the articulation of the traumatic beginning is complicated by the transformation of the memory framework. Since historical trauma is the result of a gap in communication both between individual social groups and between generations, turning to the transgenerational nature of trauma allows to reduce the risks of instrumentalization of traumatic experience and ensure the restoration of self-regulating mechanisms of collective consciousness.
Key words: collective historical trauma, collective memory, psychoanalysis, transgenerational trauma, trauma studies.
RUSSIAN HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.006
A.Y. BASHELKHANOV Candidate of Sciences (History), lecturer of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, Baikal College of Subsoil Use, Ulan-Ude, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE «FAIR RUSSIA» PARTY IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The creation of a stable political system in a market economy was one of the goals of the Russian government. The Social Democratic Party, as a party that does not accept a radical "left turn", capable of arousing the sympathy of voters of the left political flank, seemed a good option for these purposes. For Russia, where the positions of the Communist Party were strong and the socio-economic conditions required improvement, the project of creating a strong social democratic party was particularly difficult. The article examines the activities of the Social Democratic Party ("Fair Russia") in Russia. The author of the article analyzes the reasons for the creation of the party, the conditions for the implementation of the social democratic project in the country, examines the results of the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the foreign experience of the activities of social democratic parties is also considered. The activities of the Fair Russia Party are investigated in different conditions. Starting from the period of the project of building a two-party (or close to it) political system, in which "Fair Russia" was assigned the role of the "second leg of power", ending with a long period of strengthening the "vertical of power" with a multiparty system. In the article, based on the provisions of political theory, attention is paid to the analysis of the change of the strategy of power in the construction of the political system.
Key words: political party, social democracy, Fair Russia, two-party political system, elections, State Duma.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.007
K.A. LUSTIN Postgraduate student, Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia
ORIGINS AND FACTORS OF TERRORISM IN RUSSIA
The article focuses on the analysis of terrorist events in the history of the Russian state. The article gives examples of such manifestations, causes and factors of their occurrence. The author emphasizes that the main task of modern society and the state is to create a positive social consciousness, which excludes the very possibility of using violence to achieve any political goals.
Key words: terrorism, extremism, prevention, prevention, counteraction.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.008
M.A. VASYLCHENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Moscow Financial and Industrial Synergy University, Moscow, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF CORRUPTION IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE PROGRAMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
The article examines the little-studied problem of reflection of corruption processes in Russian society in the process of party building of political parties and its influence on the formation of the political agenda of the early 20s of the XXI century. The programs of the key political parties of this period and their implementation in the anti-corruption legislation are considered. The author comes to the conclusion that corruption is an important factor in the activation of the electorate during the electoral process, both for the majority party and their political opponents. Increasing the attention of deputies and candidates to this problem and tightening responsibility at the legislative level allows us to consistently increase the votes of the electorate and try to reduce the size of corruption in the country.
Key words: political parties, lobbying, corruption, legislation, parliament, political party program.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.009
S.A. VOROPANOV Postgraduate student of Department of Political Science, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MECHANISMS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY AT THE LOCAL LEVEL IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article presents the results of a political and sociological study conducted in the autumn of 2022 in a mixed online and offline format in the Vologda Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Moscow, the Republic of Chuvashia, dedicated to the problem of citizens being in demand for various forms of direct democracy provided for by federal and local legislation. The aim of the study was to assess the population of Russian municipalities of various types, tools and mechanisms for direct participation in the initiative, conciliation, deliberative procedures of democracy, political decision-making, their implementation and control over their implementation at the local level. The conclusions proposed in the article about the problems of the low popularity of most forms of direct democracy and the specifics of their use in various types of municipalities in Russia can be used as the basis for further municipal reform and the expansion of digital democracy tools and the involvement of citizens in governance at the local level.
Key words: direct democracy, forms of democracy, municipal elections, local self-government, political participation, civil society.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.010
A.M. VAFIN MA in Counselling, PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications of the Department of Mass Communications and Media Business of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE IDEOLOGY OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE STRESS OF OFFICIALS
In the article, the author examines stress in civil servants. To understand the specifics of stress among officials, a study was conducted. The author raises an urgent question about the ideology of public service as a factor that could increase the motivation of conscientious officials to work and reduce stress. To identify the elements of the ideology of public service, the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation are analyzed.
Key words: civil service, officials, stress, ideology of public service, ethics, political psychology, political and legal approach.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.011
K.V. CHISTOPRUDOV Postgraduate student of the department Political Science and Ethnopolitics Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the chair of D. in Political Science and Ethnopolitics at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Associate Professor of Chair of Criminalistics and Investigative Activity of Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
THE CONTRADICTIONS OF DESIGN AND MODERNIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL POSTMODERNITY
The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the practice of political projection under the conditions of postmodern society and the domination of mass standardized consciousness. The aim of the article is to reveal the contradictions that have developed between the conceptual level of political reality design and the mechanisms of modernization of social and, in general, public communicative reality. The description of contradictions comes from the dominant influence of the cultural situation of postmodernism itself, within which the traditional concepts of socio-political constructivism find themselves in the zone of criticism and destruction. In the conditions of postmodern society, projection is possible as a practice of performative expression of the present situation of subjects of interaction and communication. Political performance is seen as a peculiar expression of a new ontology of social reality. The adoption of one or another strategy by the subjects of power is performative in nature. Contradictions between projection and modernization can be overcome precisely by changing the language itself – the original system of meanings within which the reference space of the present subject is formed.
Modernization in its historical genesis is associated with scientific rationality as the basis for the development of social systems and production, and the development of technological weapons. The projection of the Western model of modernization onto contemporary Russian society reveals a gap between formalized public communication and public consciousness. This gap can only be filled by means of political projection if the constructivist attitude of social planning is abandoned.
The research methodology is of a complex interdisciplinary nature. With the convergence of different branches of social knowledge and the practices of its application in order to formulate a political strategy in society, the study of the political sphere must be based on an analysis of traditional and new concepts, the very language with which the very political reality in the modern world is constructed.
Key words: modernity, postmodernity, political performance, strategy, projection, modernization, scientific rationality, language.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.012
M.V. AFONIN Candidate of law sciences, associate professor, Head of the Human Rights Department Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia
A.L. KRIVOVA Lecturer of the Human Rights Department Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia
S.A. KUDRYAVTSEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Applied Political Work, Russian state social university, Moscow, Russia
LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTRODUCING POLICY AIMED AT REDUCING POVERTY
The article examines the problem of poverty in modern Russia as one of the most acute social problems. The main approaches to the definition of poverty in world science are given. Legal documents and common principles in different countries of the establishment of the subsistence minimum are analyzed. The authors have proposed a number of measures taking into account the gender factor, which can significantly reduce the level of poverty of the population of the Russian Federation.
Key words: low income, absolute poverty, relative poverty, subjective poverty, consumer basket.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.013
S.YU. SIMOROT Candidate of Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Philology and General Scientific Disciplines Religious organization – spiritual educational organization of higher education of the Khabarovsk diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church «Khabarovsk Theological Seminary», Khabarovsk, Russia
ROC AND MODERN RUSSIA: FACETS OF STATE-CHURCH DIALOGUE
The proposed publication deals with the problem of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian state from the time of the Baptism of Rus' up to the present. The non-linear nature of the state-church dialogue is indicated: the spread of Orthodoxy and the strengthening of the authority and independence of the Russian Orthodox Church, the inclusion of the latter in the state mechanism with the loss of independence, Bolshevik theomachism and the "turn" of state-confessional relations during the Great Patriotic War, the establishment of equal relations on the basis of autonomy, mutual respect and secularism. Analyzing the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of September 26, 1997 No. 125-FZ “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2014 No. 808 “On Approving the Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy” and the Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church, the author concludes that in the context of strengthening the state sovereignty of the Russian Federation on the world stage and establishing Russia as the vanguard of the Russian World, the Orthodox Church firmly and consistently takes state positions, supporting the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian political leadership, while Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church are two autonomous institutions. At the end of the article, it is concluded that in relations between the church and the state, the constitutional and legal principle of secularism is used: the church is not included in the bosom of the state as a link in the state apparatus and at the same time does not have a direct opportunity to influence political decisions.
Key words: Russian state, Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodoxy, state-confessional relations, secular state.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.014
E.V. GNEZDOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Local History Institute of International Relations and World History FSAOU HE "National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky", Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF «ISLAMIC GLOBALIZATION» AS AN ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO FOR CONSTRUCTIVE INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS
The issue of globalization is an extremely popular topic of discussion among politicians, academics and public circles. Since the globalization process is dialectically contradictory, there are constant disputes about the positive and negative aspects of globalization for humanity. It is important that in the scientific community the issue of rejecting globalization is not even raised, since it is perceived as an objective process of the development of human society. However, this does not mean that this process cannot be controlled or given a certain vector. The forms of globalization may differ, which is proved by the history of the second half of the 20th century, associated with the confrontation between two international projects of social development – socialist and capitalist. Thus, at present, the number of options for the development of globalization has increased markedly.
Key words: Islam, international security, Islamophobia, xenophobia, integration, globalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.015
A.A. SAMOSYUK Research Associate, Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF FORMATION OF EXTREME FORMS OF INTERNAL POLITICAL PROCESS IN RUSSIA IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The article examines the actual aspects of the genesis of extreme forms of the internal political process, highlights the main conditions and factors of the formation of unconventional forms of political interaction. Using the example of a combination of conditions and factors of the extremism of the political process, the circumstances and risks of the domestic political situation in Russia going beyond the boundaries of the legal field are considered. The main circumstances contributing to the extremism of the political process are identified, their classification is presented. Consideration of the events related to the attempt to extremism the internal political situation in Russia at the beginning of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, allows us to conclude about the importance of a consolidated reaction of the state and society to reflect the threat of destabilization of the internal political process in the country.
Key words: extreme political process, dismantling of the political regime, conditions, factors.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.016
I.I. KYCHKIN Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
M.S. TANTSURA Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor Chair of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
COALITION POWER DISTRIBUTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE STATE ASSEMBLY (IL TUMEN) OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
The article examines the distribution of power between coalitions in the State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); the objectives are to identify the real influence of possible coalitions and determine the key player in decision-making in the Parliament of Yakutia; the Shepley-Shubik index was used to achieve the objectives; the results – possible coalitions have no real influence in decision-making, "United Russia" is the key player in decision-making; conclusion – one of the research objectives was achieved.
Key words: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), State Assembly (Il Tumen) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), power distribution, coalitions, Shepley-Shubik index.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.017
G.V. PROKHVATILOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
A.B. TKESHELIADZE Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
K.V. LIKHOMANOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
CULTURAL AND INFORMATIONAL TOOLS FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE NATIONAL INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF USE
The article analyzes the theoretical and applied aspects of the use of soft power technologies and public diplomacy in the framework of the implementation of Russia's national interests. It is proved that the concept of "soft power" is used in scientific sources to denote a specific strategy for the realization of national interests, and the term "public diplomacy" indicates a widely used technology of cultural and informational influence. The authors have developed a classification of public diplomacy technologies, which is based on their division into information and communication, organizational and business. It is established that the concepts of "national interests" and "state interests" are synonymous lexical constructs. The presence of an imbalance between the use of traditional and "soft-power" tools for the realization of Russia's national interests with a clear shift in emphasis in favor of the former is revealed. A model of the optimal "soft power" strategy of the Russian Federation is proposed for implementation, which should include three key blocks: ideological, functional and institutional.
Key words: "soft power", public diplomacy, political communication, national interests, "hybrid war", political conflicts, mass information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.018
D.M. VALEEVA Postgraduate Student of the Department of Political Science and Public Relations, Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND STRENGTHENING OF POLITICAL CONFIDENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE INSTITUTIONS OF STATE POWER IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article discusses the reasons why the level of political confidence of young people in state institutions remains low. The author proceeds from the fact that the key factors in increasing trust are the involvement of young people in making socio-political decisions, increasing the level of representativeness in government structures and public organizations. It is concluded that the social structures currently operating, whose function is to increase the level of political socialization of young people, due to their formalization, do not use all their potential.
Key words: youth policy, Russia, public administration, efficiency, interaction, power, society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.019
A.V. KALAKUTSKY Postgraduate Student, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Institute of Economics and Management, Samara National Research University; Academician S.P. Koroleva (Samara University), Samara, Russia
MECHANISMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE MODERN POLITICAL PROCESS IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT
The article reveals the actual problem of information support of the political process on the example of the multicultural region of the Volga Federal District. The purpose of the article is to summarize the mechanisms and technologies for information support of the political process in the Volga Federal District as a multi-ethnic region. The choice of the research object is due to its complexity in terms of administrative management and ethno-national composition. The methodology of the article is based on a systematic approach and includes a group of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as a number of special methods: content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic; structural-functional and statistical methods. As a research result, the author of the article came to the following conclusions: in the Volga Federal District, mechanisms based on the use of media resources for representatives of various ethnic groups are most effective. The main technology of information support of the modern political process is network interaction with mass media and Internet communities.
Key words: political process, regional political process, mechanisms, information support technologies, Volga Federal District.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.020
A.KH. TOMAEV Postgraduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
COMPETITIONS AS TOOLS FOR RECRUITTING YOUTH POLITICAL LEADERS IN MODERN RUSSIA
This article presents the results of a study devoted to the role of leadership personnel competitions organized in modern Russia in the process of recruiting youth political leaders. The author proposes the division of leadership personnel competitions into party personnel and management personnel competitions, analyzes competitions at the federal and regional levels, reveals their importance for recruiting leaders and activists of youth organizations into the political sphere.
Key words: leadership competitions, party personell competitions, management personell competitions, recruiting, youth political leaders.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.021
D.O. TULINOV Post-graduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
ELECTIONS ON HIGH READINESS. IMPACT OF PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS ON THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article discusses the specifics of the impact of restrictions associated with the spread of COVID-19 on the conduct of the electoral process. The high alert regime is a special regime within which the development of social infrastructure is regulated in order to ensure the safety of public health. However, elections are a matter of a political nature, and formally it comes into contact with the need to comply with the necessary measures regulated at the legislative level. The requirement to adapt to the new realities associated with pandemic restrictions determines the search for new solutions for pre-election, electoral work and work with voters purposefully. Consideration of the Russian specifics of the electoral process is moving into the online format, which is the most preferable and convenient in the current situation. This experience is new for Russia, so its implementation is based on the methodological development of the system.
Key words: electronic voting, remote voting, postponement of elections, elections, COVID-19 pandemic, electoral process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.022
A.A. SHEFER Postgraduate student of the Chair of Russian politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAMMATIC POSITIONS OF THE CPRF AND THE FRFT: SIMILARITIES AND CONTRADICTIONS
In the Russian political media discourse a fairly frequent number of politicians call for consolidation and unification of the leftist forces in elections. First of all, such appeals come from the leader of the "Fair Russia" party, S. Mironov, who often makes a proposal to the leader of the CPRF, G. Zyuganov, to unite and create a united left-wing parliamentary party. However, practice shows that the leaders of both parties find it difficult to come to a common agreement on this issue. One of the reasons is G. Zyuganov's disagreement with the FRFT program. In this connection, a comparative analysis of the programs of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the socialist party Fair Russia – Patriots – For Truth becomes relevant. Therefore, this study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the party programmes of the two major left-wing parties and a comparison of their agenda with the political ideologies of Marxism and Social Democracy. In the course of this analysis the author concludes that the programmes of the CPRF and the FRFT overlap quite often on many points, and the discourse of both parties is social-democratic (including the CPRF), which gives them grounds for unification. In conclusion, the author concludes that the real reason for the reluctance of the Communist Party leadership to integrate with "Fair Russia" lies in a pragmatic unwillingness to lose the image of "the successor party to the CPSU", which will necessarily lead to the loss of the nuclear electorate.
Key words: CPRF, "Fair Russia", party programme, social democracy, communism, national-patriotism.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.023
E.A. MOSAKOVA Сandidate of Economics, Associate professor, Associate professor at the Department of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Russia, Moscow
I.A. ZOLOTAREV PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
APPROACHES TO THE REGULATION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY EXCHANGES IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD: GLOBAL PRACTICES
Introduction. Every year, the number of crypto exchanges the volume of trading on them, as well as the range of services they offer increase. The existing legislative framework for regulating digital relations, including crypto exchanges, is much inferior in terms of the digital technologies development pace. As a result, the issue of the volume of regulation of the crypto exchange sector is highly relevant.
Materials and methods. Methodological basis of the research is composed of general cognition methods: evaluation, synthesis, comparison, inductance and deduction, rising from the abstract to the concrete as well as systemic - structural approach. Special methods of investigation such as acquisition of scientific treatises, information gain were applied during the research.
The results of the study. The approaches of modern countries of the world to the issue of regulating the crypto exchanges differ dramatically. In the first group of countries the special legislation is being developed, in the second it is completely absent, and the third group of countries is making changes to the current legislation.
Discussion. The most widespread approach is to change the existing laws to regulate the crypro exchange activity. In some jurisdictions, some additional measures aimed at tightening the rules for the functioning of crypto exchanges are being developed today. In particular, legal liability is being introduced in case of non-compliance with legal requirements.
Conclusion. In the short term, it is necessary to strengthen the regulation of the crypto exchange sector, including the introduction of some additional disclosure requirements before the release of cryptocurrencies and/or their admission to crypto exchanges. In the medium term it seems vital to develop a unified approach to the issue of legislative regulation of the crypto exchange sector at the global level.
Key words: cryptocurrency exchange, cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency exchange sector, regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges, licensing of cryptocurrency exchanges, customer verification, AML/CFT.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.024
S.A. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF THE OIL AND GAS BUSINESS IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA
Today the oil and gas industry continues to be one of the leading sectors of the Russian economy, but its retrospective development and regulation raise many questions and disputes. This article considers the peculiarities of oil and gas business formation in Russia after the collapse of the USSR and the transition to a market economy. The author considers the history of the development of the oil and gas sector in Russia from the collapse of the Soviet Union to the early 2000s.
The article examines the influence of the liberal economic reforms of the 1990s on the formation of the oil and gas industry and its connection with the political processes in the country. The author considers the problems that arose in the process of privatization of state oil and gas companies and their consequences for the Russian economy. In the conclusion the necessity of additional study of peculiarities of oil and gas business development in Russia and the importance of reflection of the experience of liberal reforms of the 1990s for the modern economy of the country is noted.
Key words: oil and gas industry, privatization, interaction between business and government, communication technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.025
JIN LEI Master's Degree State and Municipal Administration Public Administration Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A MODERN APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES
The article deals with issues related to the study of the modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities. The purpose of the study is to study the modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities, as well as to develop a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities. The main research methods were: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The concept of "efficiency" of the activity of economic entities is considered. The main components for evaluating the effectiveness of this activity are identified. The author emphasizes that an integrated approach is of particular importance in assessing the effectiveness of activities, as well as decisions taken, which consists in applying the correct documentation (regulatory documents, individual regulations, acts, etc.), conducting a system of monitoring and control of current production and economic activities, determining a set of evaluation indicators and the effective activities of appraisers. The factors influencing the processes of choice and decision-making are studied. The methods and models used in assessing the effectiveness of economic entities are considered. A mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities has been developed. The author notes that when carrying out production and economic activities by economic entities, there are certain risks that arise during its implementation. The methods and methods of risk management in the activities of economic entities have been studied in order to increase its effectiveness.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities, as well as to develop a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities.
Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.
Results: A modern approach to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities has been studied. Models for assessing the effectiveness of economic entities are considered. A mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entities is proposed. Methods of forecasting risks in the activities of economic entities have been studied.
Conclusions: After analyzing various approaches and methods for assessing the effectiveness of economic entities, it was found out that only the totality of the measures used creates favorable conditions for the development of the activities of many economic units in the market, contributes to improving the effectiveness of their results in practice (by increasing profits, reducing costs, reducing the risk of losses from unforeseen situations), as well as strengthening financial stability and economic security in general.
Key words: modern approach, efficiency, solutions, economic entities, activities, risks.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.026
M.I. KRUPYANKO Doctor of political sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia
L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of historical sciences, professor, Institute of Asian and African Studies MSU named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
NEW “COLD WAR 2.0” AND ROLE OF JAPAN IN THE STRATEGIC СONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE USA AND RUSSIA PART I
The article is analyzing the after-effects for Russia of the end period of it cooperation with the West that ended with the beginning of the start of the special military operations against Ukraine on February 2022 and the role of Japan in the sharp phase of confrontation between Russia and the aggressive alliance of the unfriendly countries under the leadership of the USA in the beginning phase of the “cold war 2.0”. Article is analyzing the purposes and methods of foreign policy of Japan of doing the strategic damages for Russia in pursuing its purposes of weaking the power of Russia in the world as a rival of the West. USA and NATO countries are on the edge of the big war with Russia. They themselves have created the problems that they don’t know how to resolve and not knowing to what end it could leads. In these circumstances, Japan has increased her war budget and greatly increased her strategic potential toward Russia. On December 2021 the Japanese government has adopted a new war budget for 2022 financial year. It reached 5,4 trillion yen (47 billion of USA dollars) that was bigger then in the previous 2020 year. Prime-minister did not excluded the preventive attacks on military bases of Russia according the new national defense strategy. Washington openly is pushing Japan to deny all the limitation the defense field that were adopted by 9 Article of the Constitution of Japan. Such steps of the USA reveal the essence of American diplomacy toward her ally: USA initiate very well the conflicts through out the world depicting itself as a true guarantor of peace and the island of stability At the same time USA are taking from allies all the important resources and vital technology and put them under the first reposed attack.
Key words: “cold war 2.0”, new military budget 2022, unfriendly to Russia countries, first response attack, 9 Article of Japanese Constitution.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.027
E.S. VASETSOVA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the East Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A.I. DROGOVOZ PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RELATIONS IN THE NEW POLITICAL CONDITIONS: MAIN TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Against the backdrop of the aggravation of the geopolitical confrontation with the collective West, it is extremely important for Russia to competently build interaction with neighboring countries and form a well-balanced foreign policy line aimed at achieving national interests. The near abroad has always been one of the priority areas of the Russian foreign policy.
Based on the methodological synthesis of the synergetic paradigm and civilizational analysis, based on current statistical indicators and international rankings, this article discusses a topical issue - an analysis of the current state of relations between the Russian Federation (RF) and the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). At the same time, adhering to an interdisciplinary approach, the author's position on the prospects for bilateral cooperation is given.
Based on the current situation, the economic, political and military components of Russian-Kazakh cooperation are analyzed. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the possibilities of forming the North Eurasian civilizational community on the basis of Russia, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet actors.
Assessing Russian-Kazakh relations (RKO), the authors identify the features of the development of this phenomenon, its main trends and further development prospects.
Key words: Russia, Kazakhstan, Russian-Kazakh relations, Central Asia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.028
A.A. SEREGINA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of the Department of World Economy The Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
NEW ETHICS FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY ORGANIZATIONS
Every year the climate agenda has an increasing impact on the political, economic and energy policies of the countries of the world. In order to slow down global warming and prevent environmental disasters, states unite in regional and international associations to combat climate change, such as the UN Economic Commission for Europe, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Gas Exporting Countries Forum, the Group of Twenty, the UN High-level Dialogue on Energy. Within the framework of these associations, countries not only seek to increase investments in the development of technologies for the extraction and use of environmentally friendly energy sources, but also exchange technologies that allow increasing the share of "green" energy in the energy balances of states and combating greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Despite the political differences between Russia and a number of Western countries, Russia does not abandon its climate commitments and intends to adhere to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. At the same time, it is emphasized that the implementation of the energy transition should not undermine the energy security of countries, but should take into account the natural and climatic and socio-economic characteristics of states. International organizations regulate energy and climate issues in different ways and use various tools: from preserving and increasing the area of forests to combat pollution in the atmosphere, to the widespread introduction of low-carbon fuels.
Key words: international energy organizations, energy transition, climate agenda, low-carbon development, agenda for sustainable development.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.029
M.V. BUKHTOYAROV Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department Mathematics and Informatics State University management, Moscow, Russia
A.A. BUKHTOYAROV Bachelor of the Institute of International Relations and Department of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF THE CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF THE GREAT BRITAIN AFTER ITS EXIT FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The history of Great Britain and its international status is really bright and at all times relied on many different foundations. Thus, Brexit (withdrawal from the European Union) is another step in the development of the UK's strategy of international political and economic relations. Before Brexit, the UK benefited from being in the governing institutions of the EU, NATO and the UN, and was able to maneuver them to achieve results dictated by British national interests. However, this situation is now changing, and the position of the UK in the last two organizations (NATO and UN) may also change, so it is advisable to analyze the possible results and causes of these consequences. We will also consider how much all these changes will affect bilateral relations between England and Russia, whether there is a rapprochement between these two powers, and what are the prospects for further cooperation in economics and politics.
Key words: international relations, economic relations, Brexit, Russia, UK, EU, UN.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.030
E.A. PEREVALOVA Senior lecturer at the Northwestern Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; postgraduate student at the Faculty of International Relations, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE SOFT POWER: CONJUNCTION OF GLOBALISM AND REGIONALISM TRENDS IN FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY
In this article the author examines the "soft power" concept as a component part of the concept "power" in the foreign policy of an international relations actors. The modern structure of the world interaction is many-sided. Its methods multiply and the world construction as a hole becomes more complicated. These changes are effectuated due to the information society installation and the global digitalization, the development of new technologies and possible ways of communication. This article takes up soft-power methods from the viewpoint of two directions: globalism and regionalism in the international relations of an actor in foreign policy. The practical side of the issue is illustrated by an overview analysis of the "soft power" policy pursuing by one of the important European countries, that is France. The features of the French methods of international influence are instruments of "soft power" based on the doctrine of "Gaullism", which reflects the imperial aspirations of this state. Herewith, two vectors of foreign policy are clearly traced and carried out by France in parallel and attachment: globalization and regionalization trends. First of all, there is French desire for globalism in its foreign policy, intention to solve world-wide problems, such as environmental and humanitarian problems, cultural and world heritage issues, respect for human rights in the world, etc. But at the same time, the striving to strengthen positions within Europe and the regional influence in French-speaking countries aren’t less important for France. Purposes here are to protect the French language, culture and traditions, to expand cooperation with the regions in the field of education, tourism, sports, etc. This direction is particularly reflected in French policy pursued in 2022 since the beginning of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine. And these trends continue in 2023. France strives to be an active player both on the world stage and on a regional scale, mainly using the tools of "soft power".
Key words: soft power, tools of soft power, influence, regionalism, globalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.031
D.M. AN Senior Lecturer, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
M.A. NIZAMOV Teacher of Kazan (Privolzhsky) federal university, Kazan, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF THE REVISION OF ARTICLE 9 JAPANESE CONSTITUTIONS: DIFFERENCES IN THE APPROACHES OF LEADING POLITICAL PARTIES
The return of Shinzo Abe to the post of Prime Minister of Japan in 2012 preceded the promotion of an initiative to revise Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which secured the latter's refusal to own its own army and from war as a means of resolving international conflicts. However, despite the actions taken, there is currently an ongoing discussion about the need to amend the country's basic law. This article provides a chronological sequence of attempts to change the pacifist orientation of the Constitution, examines the main factors hindering the implementation of the initiative.
Key words: Japan, Japanese constitution, ninth article, Japanese policy, Japan Self-Defense Forces.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.032
K.Kh. RAKHIMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Head of the Central Asia Sector Center for Post-Soviet Studies, Moscow, Russia
U.Kh. AZIMOV Postgraduate Student, Department of theory and History of International relations of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia
INTERACTION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WITHIN THE SCO
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the growing partnership between Tajikistan and China within the framework of the SCO, covering a number of key areas, including economic and trade relations, political and security cooperation, and cultural exchanges and people-to-people contacts.
The article provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between Tajikistan and China within the framework of the SCO, highlighting the significant progress made in recent years and the challenges that remain. The article also examines the role of China's Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR) in strengthening interconnectedness and economic cooperation between the two countries.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the interaction between Tajikistan and China within the framework of the SCO. In particular, this article will examine the economic, political and security relations between the two countries within the framework of the SCO. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical background, current status and future prospects of Tajikistan-China relations within the framework of the SCO.
Key words: Tajikistan, China, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), interaction, security, partners, One Belt, One Road (OBOR).
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.033
O.E. GAFAROV Junior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Scientific and Analytical Information, Moscow, Russia
THE ENERGY FACTOR IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN THE ORGANIZATION OF TURKIC STATES
The article is devoted to the relationship between the countries participating in the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in the energy sector. How the rich natural resources of the former republics of the Soviet Union, with a predominantly Turkic population, contributed to the development of interstate relations with Turkey. This area is considered one of the main directions for developing contacts between the countries participating in the OTS.
Author identifies the main prerequisites for strengthening contacts, as well as problem points that hinder the development of cooperation between countries.
Based on the analysis of the history of development and the establishment of ties between Turkic states in the energy sector, the success of the development of cooperation between Turkic countries today is primarily dependent on the situation in the South Caucasus, particularly the relationship between Ankara and Baku. While Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan have shown little interest in extending ties with the left bank of the Caspian Sea for different reasons, Azerbaijan and Turkey act as locomotives in this sphere. In this regard, the emergence and modernization of the energy infrastructure in the South Caucasus will automatically lead to the expansion of contacts, primarily between the countries participating in OTS.
Key words: Organization of Turkic States, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, energy sector.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.034
B. OMONOV Doctor of political science, Professor of the National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan, Tashkent
THE MANIFESTATION OF THE EASTERN MODEL OF MODERNIZATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
This article analyzes the evolution of “economic miracles” and the process of political modernization in the countries of Southeast Asia (China, Japan, India, Turkey, etc.), and conclusions based on scientific analysis are given. Foreign experience is a good study for scientists, economists and politicians of the CIS member states.
Key words: society, modernization, southeast Asia, economic miracle, development concept, model, main features and distinctive aspects of modernization, Japanese Spirit-Western technologies, a system of behavior, Western technologies and Indian society, Asian values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.035
WU HANCHAO Postgraduate ISAA Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, China
ENERGY SECURITY AND GEOPOLITICS IN THE ARCTIC
After decades of peaceful cooperation, geopolitics has returned to the circumpolar north – and it is the Arctic that is the springboard for growing instability and competition at the geopolitical level in general. One of the primary roles in the multicrises unfolding in the region is that of energy resources, access to which will ensure energy security and strengthen market positions. These conflicts and clashes are becoming a test of countries' responses, ambitions and willingness to solve them. In view of the above, the purpose of the article is to examine the specifics of the geopolitical situation in the Arctic through the prism of national and energy security of countries and regions. Objectives: 1) analyze the current situation in the Arctic region; 2) outline the interests of the EU in strengthening energy security through the resources of the Arctic and the associated risks; 3) describe the ambitions and role of Russia in the Arctic region. Methods: analysis, grouping, systematization, abstraction, forecasting, comparison, generalization. Results. The study highlights the goals of various countries in the Arctic, which are associated with the development of energy resources. The means and methods of their achievement are also indicated, and special attention is paid to the zones of conflicts and clashes of interests which make the geopolitical situation in the world more complicated. In addition, attention is focused on the increasing militarization of the Arctic by Russia and the United States. Conclusions. The conflict and geopolitical frictions which take place in the High North actualize the necessity of sustainable cooperation of all key actors which should be based on deterrence, dialogue and diplomacy.
Key words: Arctic, energy resources, risks, geopolitics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.036
V.A. GATSKOVSKAYA Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia
Scientific adviser:
Glaser M.A. Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Department of International Relations, Faculty of World Economy and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
VISEGRAD GROUP COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF DEFENCE AND SECURITY POLICY
The article examines defence cooperation of the Visegrad Group countries as a demonstration of sub-regionalism. A comparative-historical method was used for the study, and statistical data concerning the defence budget of the Visegrad countries were also analysed. It was revealed that cooperation in the field of defence and security policy may play a key role in the further development of Visegrad Group capabilities. At the same time, political disagreements among the members of the group have little or no impact on the development of cooperation in this field.
Key words: Visegrad Group, defence cooperation, security policy cooperation, subregionalism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.037
R.I. GOICHEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Sciences and Regional Studies of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SUSPENSION OF THE START-3 TREATY
This article contains reasoning and analysis of the suspension of the strategic offensive arms treaty. The pros and cons of this action, the possible consequences, as well as the already accomplished results of this, are examined in stages. The article focuses on the correctness and validity of the suspension of the treaty for the Russian Federation, and also reveals the trends, threats and benefits that come from the act. Not only the Russian vector of consequences is considered, but also the global one.
Key words: Russian Federation, USA, START-3, weapons, treaty, nuclear.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.038
JIANG LANHUI Doctoral student Shanghai international studies University, China
NEW TRENDS IN THE STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN CENTRAL ASIA
The article is devoted to the analysis of US policy in Central Asia (CA) after the collapse of the USSR. Attention is drawn to the fact that in 2020 Trump announced the "US Strategy in Central Asia for 2019-2025", which has three main points: promoting the economic independence of Central Asia, protecting the sovereignty of the Central Asian countries and promoting the development of culture. After the events in Ukraine began, the Biden administration and American academic circles believe that the strategy for Central Asia announced by the Trump administration in 2020 no longer corresponds to modern realities and therefore it is necessary to develop a new concept of the United States in Central Asia. The main links of American policy since the 1990s are highlighted, the reasons that led to the adjustment of the American course of foreign policy in Central Asia are identified.
Key words: USA, Central Asia, Afghanistan, politics, security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.039
LUO YANCHAO Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
XUJUN Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
XIANG YIYUAN Postgraduate Student, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
"NUCLEAR TRIANGLE" CHINA-INDIA-PAKISTAN: KNOT TENSION
Arms races between Russia and the US directly increase the risk of global conflict, especially between countries that are in constant confrontation. The rapid degradation of the system of nuclear arms limitation, for example, the recent suspension by Russia of the implementation of the Strategic Offensive Arms Treaty (START) with the United States, testifies to the crisis that the current world order is experiencing. In addition to the fact that the issues settled in the last century between the two nuclear powers are aggravated with the growth of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the state of affairs between the three countries included in the "Nuclear Club": China, India and Pakistan often falls out of focus.
Key words: South Asia, India, China, Pakistan, nuclear weapon.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.040
E.A. POPOVA Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
BROADCASTING THE CONCEPT OF THE “RUSSIAN WORLD” IN FOREIGN MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF EASTERN EUROPE): RISKS AND THREATS FOR RUSSIA
In this article, the author discusses various problematic issues related to the broadcast of the concept of the "Russian World" in foreign media, namely in Eastern Europe. Emphasis is placed on the risks and threats of the paradigm spread in the West regarding this idea for the national security of the Russian Federation. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the main problem in the development of the “Russkiy Mir” idea is its insufficient scientific development, as well as the lack of effective mechanisms to counteract the negative assessment of the “Russkiy Mir” spread by the Eastern European media. Potential threats to Russia are exacerbated by the fact that the countries of Eastern Europe have deep cultural, historical, and economic ties with Russia that have evolved over the centuries. The spread of a negative attitude towards Russia, as well as towards its policy, undermines the possibilities for a constructive dialogue between countries.
Key words: Russian world, russophobia, Special military operation, national security, collective West, geopolitics, foreign policy of the Russian Federation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.041
А.М. TERESHENKOV Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A FACTOR OF WORLD POLITICS: SPECIFICS AND PARAMETERS OF COMPREHENSION
The study is devoted to the specifics of the complex impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global political dynamics. It is noted that the COVID 19 pandemic clearly reflected such key problems of global development as insufficient efficiency of the international health system, lack of information transparency at the international level. The most negative macro-political consequences of the pandemic include the intensification of trends such as accelerated deformation of the global communicative landscape by the spread of «fakes» about coronavirus infection, the aggravation of political and economic competition in the form of a «vaccine war», the strengthening of macro-regional geopolitical fragmentation, including through the forming of «vaccination areas».
Key words: pandemic, COVID-19, «infodemia», «vaccine war», «vaccination area».
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.042
Z.D. UTEKOVA Post-graduate student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This study is part of a study conducted by the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University. 2. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the image of the future of one's own country, which is an integral part of the political picture of the world of the entire Kazakhstani society as a whole. In addition, today this topic is very relevant, since it occupies an important place on the agenda of Kazakhstan. 3. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the image of the future of Kazakhstan through the eyes of Kazakhstanis during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the interdisciplinary consideration of this issue with the involvement of all categories of respondents living in the Republic of Kazakhstan in an in-depth interview. The sample consisted entirely of respondents from all regions of Kazakhstan. The research methodology included 70 in-depth interviews that were conducted during the period of quarantine restrictions, namely from January to June 2021. 5. As a result, various alternatives for the development of the future of Kazakhstan were identified based on the answers of the respondents. In this regard, we can say that the study revealed the lack of a consolidated opinion on the image of the future of Kazakhstan among the respondents. It should be emphasized that this study is of a qualitative nature, therefore it does not pretend to be representative, but at the same time it shows substantial trends in the existing image of the future in the mass consciousness of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan. In this regard, this issue requires close attention and further continuous study.
Key words: images, perception, Kazakhstan, COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, political and psychological approach.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.043
E.L. KHORBALADZE Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science of the Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia; Macmillan Center researcher Yale University, New Haven, USA
KEY ELEMENTS OF CHINA STRATEGY IN ASIA PACIFIC
At present, when talking about China's strategy in the Asia-Pacific region, first of all it’s necessary to focus on the One Belt, One Road Initiative (OBOR), later renamed to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), on which Beijing makes the main stake as its geopolitical instrument of influence in the region. Other important aspects include China’s economic, military, and partly political levers of influence.
The purpose of the article is to study the elements of the Chinese strategy in the Asia-Pacific region. The author sets 3 main tasks: to consider the retrospective of the formation of the BRI; identify China's main interests in the region; highlight the economic and military components of China's strategy.
As a methodological basis of the study were used: the method of studying documents, description and system analysis.
Findings: China's strategy in the Asia-Pacific region follows two tracks. First, China is trying to develop a strategy in the Asia-Pacific that would be in line with its massive Belt and Road Initiative. In other words, the economic and infrastructure projects developed so far will continue to play an important role in whatever strategic logic China is willing to develop for the region. Secondly, the most important aspects of Beijing's policy in the Asia-Pacific region – the expansion of ports and the navy – are two assets that the PRC is closely watching for future strategic interaction in the region. Ports, in fact, are considered strategic strongholds, both to protect the sea routes for transporting the resources necessary for the Chinese economy, and to expand Chinese influence at the regional and global levels.
Key words: China, Asia-Pacific region, Belt and Road Initiative, strategy, economics, security, politics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.044
CHEN ZIHAO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
MAO SHUO Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DIPLOMATIC STRATEGIES OF CHINESE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS (MNCS)
As an important component of the Chinese economy, Chinese multinational corporations, following the development of globalization and the implementation of the national concept of "going out" and the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, were forced to take on additional roles, in addition to the already existing functions of "builders of the economy" and “intermediaries in the global economy". With powerful resources and social connections, multinational corporations have taken on roles and functions that traditional diplomacy cannot capture and cannot adapt to. Transnational corporations are increasingly becoming an important factor influencing international relations.
Key words: transnational corporations, diplomacy, corporate diplomacy, diplomatic strategy.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.045
V.S. BOROVKOV Master student of the Department of International Security and Foreign Policy of Russia of the Faculty of National Security of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CHINESE EXPERIENCE IN BUILDING A NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM
The purpose of this article is to study the Chinese experience in building a national security system in the context of its comparison with corresponding Russian experience. The stated goal is achieved by considering conceptual representations of national security and the subjects of the system of its provision of the two countries, as well as designation of strategic tasks of the Chinese system of ensuring national security in the face of aggravating situation in the world. The foundation of modern Chinese national security system is largely based on the Soviet experience in this area. Potential directions for applying the Chinese experience in ensuring national security within the framework of domestic conditions are considered. In writing the article comparative, comparative legal, historical, institutional, systemic, expert assessment methods were used.
Key words: chinese experience, politics, national security, national security system, concept, subjects of the national security system, CPC (Communist Party of China), ideology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.046
A.A. PRISEKIN Master student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
FORMATION OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION COOPERATION AS A FACTOR OF RUSSIA'S COMPETITIVENESS ON THE WORLD STAGE
The transformation of the world order, the change in the decision-making procedure and the breakdown of technological exchange raise the issue of revising the balance of power on the world scene and the formation of new union blocs aimed at multilateral development. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the creation of political and economic unions, but also to the dynamics of innovation development and technology exchange between the member countries of the associations due to the fact that innovations in the modern world have begun to play an extremely important role. The competitiveness of states in many areas is ensured by a developed scientific and technical policy and innovative potential. The creation and growth of innovation clusters can change the balance of power in the international arena and promote the formation of new centers of power. In the context of new challenges, it is essential to take into account the competitiveness of new associations and their desire for scientific and technological progress in a situation of possible isolation and technological competitiveness. Therefore, it is important to examine the technological and innovative potential of Russia's allies, highlight the weaknesses and strengths of their national innovation systems as well as to study the latest relations of countries both with Russia and with each other.
Key words: innovation, innovation cooperation, innovation block, international relations, Russia, China, Iran, India, Brazil, South Africa.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.047
K.V. FENIN Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia
V.A. KUZNETSOVA Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia
ITALY: RETURN TO NORMALITY?
The paper examines the evolution of the political party system of Italy by means of an institutional approach. The authors dwell on the period 2013-2023, when the Italian Republic faced a crisis of the party-political system. This crisis manifested itself in the form of frequent changes of governments and a decrease in the effectiveness of the political system. The article is aimed at analyzing the institutional factors that led to this crisis. The authors conclude that the political party system of Italy returned to the principles of the Second Republic. The authors suggest that new political factors may lead to a radical transformation of the institutional system of Italy.
Key words: Italy, the Second Republic, political party system, parliament, «the Five Star Movement», «Brothers of Italy».
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.048
N.S. GOLOVINA Masters’s student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
V.O. SHIROKOV Masters’s student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
S.V. KOTOV Masters’s student, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
RECEPTION OF LIBERTARIANISM IN MODERN RUSSIA
The political science community has been busy for a long time searching for an ideology suitable for Russian society. This article will consider the possibility of introducing the ideas of libertarian ideology into the framework of the socio-political space of Russia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the libertarian ideology and consider the possibility of its introduction into the ideological field of Russia. Since ideologies do not have a clear structure, the morphological approach of M. Frieden was applied to identify the main elements of ideology and their structuring. The analysis of public opinion polls made it possible to study the value orientation of the public masses and draw conclusions about the possibility of the libertarianism ideas reception into the ideological space of Russian society.
Key words: libertarianism, individualism, law, minimal state, justice, property.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.049
YUAN YUAN Lomonosov Moscow State University, China
THE STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" PROJECT IN THE NEW CONDITIONS OF COOPERATION
The article analyzes the content of cooperation between the two great powers of China and Russia in the economic sphere of the implementation of the national project "One Belt One Road. This cooperation is considered in the context of new political and socio-economic conditions that have adjusted the development of Russia and China.
In the work, the author explores new areas of cooperation between these states, as well as those prospects for joint activities that will maximize not only the functioning of both countries, but also the strengthening of friendly relations.
The article reflects the new vision of both sides of the inclusion of the state initiative "One Belt, One Road" in the improvement of various spheres of life and defines the leading vectors of cooperation.
Key words: national project, international cooperation, OPOP, sanctions, economic development, foreign policy relations, infrastructure development, spheres of interaction.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.92.4.050
D.O. KHOMYAKOV Master St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF THE CIVIL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY IN THE POLICY OF ENSURING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2022-2023
The article analyzes two main documents regulating the development of the civil aircraft industry in Russia in 2022-2023. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the desire to achieve technological sovereignty in this industry, strategic documents are more of an investment than an innovative nature, technological sovereignty is perceived rather as a continuation of the import substitution policy, the creation of innovations is implemented through a system of state order of a cascade type of management without horizontal links, and the structure-centric element is the Government of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there is no platform for agreeing on a unified policy for the development of innovative production solutions, as well as for the exchange of already created new technologies. As a solution to this problem, a model of an industry innovation system is proposed, which is characterized by the formalization of relations, a decrease in excessive centralization, the admission of a larger number of subjects to the development of strategic development documents, the involvement of airlines in investing in innovative developments and the creation of a coordination platform for the development of innovations.
Key words: branch innovation system, national innovation system, innovations, network structure of relations, sanctions, civil aircraft industry, technological sovereignty.