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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 8 (84), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Solodova G.S. Ideology as a Source of Social Power

Poroshkov M.M. Features of the Spread of Ideological Concepts in Modern Political Discourse

Pronchev K.G. The Concept of "Hierarchical Personalism": Politology Aspect

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Ryazantsev S.V., Khramova M.N., Ledeneva V.Y., Bragin A.D. The Index of Integration of Ommigrants in Russia: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects

Titov V.V. The Place of the Image of the «Other» in the Construction of National Identity

Trofimov P.A. Conceptual Аnomalies of Will Kymlicka`S Theory of Multicultural Citizenship

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Lu Xiao, Seltser D.G. Meritocracy as a Principle of Formation of the Managerial Elite of Modern China

Adamova M.A., Ageeva E.A., Mankieva A.V. To the Question of the Escalation of Violence as a Way of Delegitimizing State Power by Terrorist Organizations

Grigoryan D.K., Tokareva A.V. Joking in Educational Institutions: the Problem of Power or Society?

Alimardonov A. Political Advertising in the Formation of Active Citizenship of Youth

Gadzhieva L.A. Modern Trends in the Development of Regional Culture Policy in Russia

Len'kov D.A. Civil Society of Russia in the Context of Global Trends in the Development of Civil Society

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Samuseva O.A. Evolution of China's Innovation Policy

Pashin M.M. Modernization of Health Policy in Chile During the Covid-19 Pandemic

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Nazarov A.D. International Exhibitions HeliRussia as a Tool for Increasing Competitiveness and Promoting Novelty of Domestic Helicopter Industry to Domestic and Foreign Markets

Surma I.V. Changing US, EU and NATO Foreign Policy: Transforming the Action Paradigm

Shulga E.P. USAID Activities in the Central Asian Region: Present and Future

Kozhukhova K.E. Chinese Strategic Culture in "The Taiwan Issue and the Reason for China's Reunification in the New Era" White Paper

Babchenko M.M. Dynamics of the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian Negotiation Process

Mehmet Urper. The Influence of the Islamic Factor on the Formation and Development of the International Policy Strategy of Turkey. Part 2

Semyonova O.V. Information and Analytical Support of the Foreign Policy Process Annotation

Van Czin'hujej. The Russian-Chinese Vector in the Far East in the Context of Anti-Russian Sanctions

Rabat Lujain. Characteristics of the Socio-Political Life and Political Culture of the Population in Syria

Liu Jingyuan, А Gudamu. China’s Contribution to Global Governance Reform

Stalnoy A.L. Perception the Problem of «German Guilt» in the Post-War GDR

Sholkova M.A. Japan-American Alliance under D. Trump and J. Biden

STUDENT SCIENCE

Ilin P.A. The Mass Media in Modern Russia as an Instrument of Public Opinion Management

Olenich Yu.S. Modern Political Instruments for Counterterrorism

Sanzharov V.A. Image-Making in International Football Organizations (on the Example of FIFA): Challenges and Trends

Sviridov A.A. Political Crises Caused by Energy Factors: the Suez Crisis of 1956

Tian Zhuo. Russian Neoconservatism and Putinism

Our authors № 8-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.001

G.S. SOLODOVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

IDEOLOGY AS A SOURCE OF SOCIAL POWER

The age-old question of power, its nature, methods of maintaining and strengthening on the agenda for a century or even a millennium. We can safely talk about its rootedness in the nature of human communities. The article is based on the four-volume work of the American sociologist Michael Mann "Sources of Social Power". Along with this, the works of other authors were used. Having identified, following Mann, the economic, military and political sources of social power, the emphasis is on the role of ideology.

Key words: types of power: ideological, economic, military and political, ideology, education as a way to universalize the elite, ideological solidarity of the ruling class.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.002

M.M. POROSHKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

FEATURES OF THE SPREAD OF IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

The relevance of the article is due to significant changes in political discourse, which are caused, on the one hand, by new technical means of broadcasting information, and on the other hand, by changing social practices of its consumption and further distribution. There is an increase in public demand for new ideologies, but they must be expressed in a capacious, understandable and relevant form, and not in the established and outdated forms of discourse of the last century. Ideologists, due to the new conditions and the complication of the ideological concepts themselves, will have to change the very approach of interaction with the discourse, choosing the optimal form for the dissemination of ideological concepts. The purpose of the study is to formulate a sequence of actions to create the optimal form for the dissemination of an ideological concept. Based on the goal, the following tasks follow: to analyze the general change in the conditions for conducting political discourse on the principle of working with information; identify the key subject of political discourse that affects the dissemination of news and its functional features; generalize the obtained data in recommendations for creating a form for the dissemination of an ideological concept. The main method is comparative analysis. The article analyzes the factors influencing the spread of ideological concepts in discourse: from technical to structural ones. The results of the analysis make it possible to create recommendations for specialists in working with ideologies in discourse. The current state of political discourse, determined by the indicated factors and expressed in the current practice, allows us to conclude that a stable mechanism for the dissemination of news in the new information age has been formed, which is mandatory for understanding and use by specialists in working with discourse.

Key words: political discourse, ideology, ideological concept, social networks, news, rewrite, repost.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.003

K.G. PRONCHEV Postgraduate student, Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF "HIERARCHICAL PERSONALISM": POLITOLOGY ASPECT

The article is devoted to the consideration of variations in the refraction of the concept of "hierarchical personalism" in political theory and practice. The works of the theorists of the concept, as well as related doctrines operating with the categories "We", "Symphonic personality", "Collective personality" are analyzed. The heterogeneity of the concept of "hierarchical personalism" and "personalism" as the doctrine of the immutable value of personality is demonstrated. The main provisions of the concept and historical dynamics are compared. The ongoing antipersonalist trend is recorded, its connection with the development of information and communication technologies is characterized. The conclusion is made about the dangers associated with the attempt to apply the ideas developed by the theorists of the concept to political reality.

Key words: hierarchical personalism, personalism, collective personality, V. Stern, N.O. Lossky, personality and state, identity.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.004

S.V. RYAZANTSEV Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Director of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

M.N. KHRAMOVA PhD in Physics, Deputy Director for International and Educational Activities of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

V.Y. LEDENEVA Doctor of Sociology, Head of the Department of Ethnodemographic and Integration Processes of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

A.D. BRAGIN PhD Student, Junior researcher of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

THE INDEX OF INTEGRATION OF OMMIGRANTS IN RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS

This article presents an analysis of the integration processes of migrants in Russian society. Taking into account the fact that the Russian Federation is one of the world leaders in terms of migration flows, the issue of the subsequent integration of migrants is of priority importance both for the successful development of Russian society and for the improvement of the demographic situation in the country. Despite these factors current domestic practice lacks sufficient migrant integration mechanisms and assessment tools that would take into account regional economic and ethno-demographic specificities of the regions. It is due to integration assessment mechanisms that migration authorities of the host society are able to manage the integration process qualitatively, which minimizes ethno-cultural conflicts and increases the level of migrants' involvement in economic development. The purpose of this paper is to improve and modernize the Russian Migrant Integration Index and its evaluation mechanisms by developing a theoretical and methodological framework for the topic under study. Based on the Russian Regional Index of Migrant Integration (RRIMI) and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), the authors analyzed the current process of migrant integration in Russia, taking into account current economic and ethno-demographic characteristics. The current process of migrant integration in the Russian Federation is described. Problem areas of the reviewed indices are identified with recommendations for further improvement. Approaches to compiling a current migrant integration index are highlighted. A theoretical and methodological framework for the Migrant Integration Index in the Russian Federation is developed on the basis of this research.

Key words: migration, integration, demography, political regulation, ethno-cultural diversity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.005

V.V. TITOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Leading Researcher, Financial University under the Government Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE PLACE OF THE IMAGE OF THE «OTHER» IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

The article is devoted to understanding the place and functional role of the image of the «other» in the formation of national identity, understood as a complex and multidimensional construct – a macropolitical representation of «us» in the context of the surrounding socio-political reality. At the center of research interest is the peculiarities of structuring and semantic content of the image of the «significant other». Based on the appeal to the post-Soviet cases of national-state construction, special attention is paid to the problem of the «significant other» in the structure of «negative» identities – matrices of national self-identification, the cognitive and affective core of which is the image of «Russia as a significant other». It is noted that this construct of mass consciousness, actively evolving, has undergone serious radicalization in a number of countries of the former USSR: it acquired relief and completed contours of the image of the «enemy».

Key words: image of the «other», «significant other», national identity, image of the «enemy», outgroup discrimination, attribution, ethnic stereotypes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.006

P.A. TROFIMOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONCEPTUAL АNOMALIES OF WILL KYMLICKA`S THEORY OF MULTICULTURAL CITIZENSHIP

The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical anomalies in the work of the Canadian philosopher Will Kymlicka, who sought to build a unified universal concept of liberal multiculturalism. However, attempts to build a comprehensive theory have led to the fact that there are fragments in it that do not fit into the author's categorical apparatus. Among them are such ethno-confessional groups as the Amish, Hutterites, blacks of both Americas, refugees, as well as the descendants of the "colonizers" who found themselves outside their homelands due to the collapse of the world colonial system. Nevertheless, the most interesting example of them are representatives of Protestant sects, which received special attention from the theorists of multiculturalism, including Will Kimlica. The existence of these groups creates a contradiction between their internal structure and the politics of the liberal state, which is faced with the task of maintaining civil rights and freedoms, which may not coincide with the ideas of these specific groups. Consequently, the question arises of the legitimacy of interference in their internal affairs with the possibility of their liberalization. This also raises the issue of granting autonomy to cultural groups that practice internal restrictions. Among them, a striking example may be some tribes of the indigenous population of North and South America, who, like Protestant sects, tend to restrict the freedom of their members. However, against the background of the above, the question arises as to whether the cultural liberals' view of relations within these groups is correct. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to show that their ideas about internal restrictions are not relevant.

Key words: multiculturalism, Will Kymlicka, liberalization, sects, Protestants, Amish, Hutterites, culture, minorities, liberalism, leftist liberalism.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.007

LU XIAO Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations and political science Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

D.G. SELTSER Doctor of political sciences, professor, Deputy Rector of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

MERITOCRACY AS A PRINCIPLE OF FORMATION OF THE MANAGERIAL ELITE OF MODERN CHINA

The purpose of the article is to establish the basic principles, forms, methods, mechanisms and concrete examples of the formation of the national elite of modern China, to correlate them with traditional Chinese values and requirements for officialdom, as well as to assess the place of meritocracy in the system of these values and requirements. The general scientific discourse on the place of personnel policy in the establishment of the national elite and the effectiveness of its mechanisms in the context of the political process in China is considered. The historical experience of the formation of the state model of elite recruiting in China is analyzed and its transformation into the current model of elite-personnel replacement is demonstrated. One of the specific features of the Chinese model of democracy is highlighted – the establishment of the elite through the use of the principle of meritocracy. The practical meaning and real content of the term “meritocracy” is revealed. The general logic of personnel processes at the present stage of the country's development is derived and the influence of the meritocratic approach in the formation of the elite on them is specially emphasized. On a separate example, the Chinese model of the competitive procedure for establishing the elite, the requirements for its selection are identified and its sequence and stages are highlighted. The objective role of the meritocratic approach to the formation of cadres of party and state administration in the PRC is determined. The place of each of the stages of elite formation in the selection of the best, from the point of view of the state, representatives of society is clarified. The criteria for the selection of representatives of Chinese society for public service are revealed. It is concluded that the modern principles of elite recruiting are organic to history, traditions, mentality and modern Chinese realities. Meritocracy is defined as the basic principle of the formation of the managerial class of modern China.

Key words: PRC, CPC, personnel policy, managerial personnel, elite recruiting, personnel procedures, meritocracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.008

M.A. ADAMOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department international relations, political science and world economy, Institute of International Relations Pyatigorsky state university, Pyatigorsk, Russia

E.A. AGEEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State, Municipal Administration and Law of the North Caucasus Institute branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia

A.V. MANKIEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department legal support for the activities of authorities North Caucasian Institute of the branch of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia

TO THE QUESTION OF THE ESCALATION OF VIOLENCE AS A WAY OF DELEGITIMIZING STATE POWER BY TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS

In the modern society of risks and threats of a different nature, terrorism occupies a special place. For the states of the world, the issues of confronting terrorist organizations are acute, not only because of the destructive ideology of the latter, based on physical violence and moral and psychological intimidation of society. It is also important that the maintenance of peace and security in a particular country and throughout the world also depends on the presence of a common global understanding that the possible use of force in society must be exclusively legal and legitimate and can come exclusively from specialized state structures and departments and only in order to ensure the security of each individual, society and the state as a whole.

Key words: terrorism, ideology, security, counter-terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.009

D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminalistics and Operational Search Activities of the Institution of the Russian Interior Ministry, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

A.V. TOKAREVA Student of the Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

JOKING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: THE PROBLEM OF POWER OR SOCIETY?

This article discusses the actualization of key problems in the field of mass murder in educational institutions of the Russian Federation. The positions of legal scholars are investigated, official reporting materials are presented, revealing the picture of crime at the stages of preparation or commission of socially dangerous acts in educational institutions of Russia. In conclusion, recommendations are offered for the prevention and control of this socially dangerous act.

Key words: shooting in educational institutions, mass murders, terrorist act, law enforcement agencies, deviation, personal qualities, criminology, power, society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.010

A. ALIMARDONOV Independent applicant, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN THE FORMATION OF ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP OF YOUTH

This article is devoted to the place and role of political advertising in shaping the position of active citizenship among young people. The author considers social advertising as a social technology aimed at the formation of new social values and socially approved behavior patterns.

Key words: political advertising, power, democracy, technology, system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.011

L.A. GADZHIEVA Graduate student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CULTURE POLICY IN RUSSIA

The article deals with the actual problem of regional cultural policy in Russia. Today, Russian cultural policy is an important autonomous activity of management structures at all levels. Within the framework of cultural policy, the state, regional and municipal levels are singled out. They differ in the level of programs for the implementation of this policy, as well as the tasks solved at their level. The regional one is aimed at implementing the territorial specifics of the regions and at pursuing their cultural policy, which ensures regional development that does not contradict state strategic principles and guidelines. To achieve this goal, the regions are monitoring and solving urgent problems of the cultural sphere. The analysis carried out shows that the key factors of regional cultural policy are the development of areas and types of cultural activities. At the same time, one should not refuse to take into account other categories, such as fundamental issues of cultural development, its resource provision, external influence and state management of this area. Today, each of the Russian regions has a number of problems in the implementation of its cultural policy, which they highlight. The differentiation of these problems depends on the presence of large cities in the region or, on the contrary, regional remoteness from the federal center, which determines the difference in the level of financing and accessibility of residents to cultural objects in their regions, as well as on the targeted activities of regional authorities to develop the regional cultural sphere.

Key words: culture, state, cultural policy, regions, subjects of the Russian Federation, regional cultural policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.012

D.A. LEN'KOV South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

CIVIL SOCIETY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

The article analyzes the multi-version nature of the formation and development of civil society in various socio-political cultures: primarily Western and Russian. The importance of studying these processes from the standpoint of the methodology of social and humanitarian innovations is emphasized. It is stated that an important aspect in the formation of civil society in modern conditions is the principle of regionalization: reliance not only on the specifics of the settlement environment (urbanized and traditional), but also on the resources (transport, communicative, economic, environmental, natural and environmental, demographic, etc.) of the region. This principle, arising from regional features, essentially implements and develops the requirements of the subsidiary of the federal state, which is modern Russia. The main steps are covered – models for the development of civil society in post-Soviet Russia, identified from the standpoint of social and humanitarian innovation: patronage, competitive, partner.

Key words: civil society, social and humanitarian innovation, patronage, competition, partnership, civic engagement, non-profit partnership.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.013

O.A. SAMUSEVA Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S INNOVATION POLICY

Noting the importance of taking into account the main approaches to the stated problem, it is necessary in the new geopolitical conditions to supplement the theoretical and practical provisions on the impact of innovations on the development of the state, a specific analysis of the national concept in this area and the study of influence factors are needed. The article is devoted to the development of the innovation policy of the People's Republic of China, the role of the innovation aspect in international relations. The influence of various factors of China's development on the formation and direction of the evolution of the state's policy in the innovation sphere is also considered. The relevance of the study emphasizes the key role of innovation in the long-term sustainable development of any state.

Key words: innovation policy of the People's Republic of China, international relations, political development, development strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.014

M.M. PASHIN Postgraduate student at the Department of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERNIZATION OF HEALTH POLICY IN CHILE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health systems around the world, including Latin America’s countries. In this article are analyzed aspects of the modernization of health policy in Chile during the pandemic. The author emphasizes that in order to modernize health policy, it is necessary to develop a preventive direction and reform the public health system with an emphasis on primary health care. In addition, the article provides an expert assessment of the mobilization mechanisms of the state, which had a positive impact on the dynamics of the fight against the pandemic, and also highlights those tools that should be applied in the future to further modernize health policy in Chile.

Key words: healthcare policy, Latin America, social policy, COVID-19 pandemic.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.015

A.D. NAZAROV Professor, doctor of historical sciences, Deputy Head of the Department of Advertising and Communications with the public on scientific work of the Institute of Foreign Languages Moscow Aviation Institute (National research university) (MAI), Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS HELIRUSSIA AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS AND PROMOTING NOVELTY OF DOMESTIC HELICOPTER INDUSTRY TO DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MARKETS

The article discusses the current level of coordination of international cooperation in the field of exhibition activities in our country in the form of prestigious helicopter exhibitions. In particular, this applies to HeliRussia (International Helicopter Industry Exhibition) held in Moscow in May 2022. Already for the 15th time! As the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin: “Over the past years, HeliRussia has gained high prestige in the domestic and international professional community, has become the leading demonstration platform, which largely determines the vector of development of the helicopter industry” [19]. Practice shows that regular holding of such events, even in the most difficult conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and tougher economic sanctions from a number of Western countries, helps to strengthen cooperation, healthy competition and promote new products to domestic and foreign markets.

Key words: HeliRussia International Exhibition of Helicopter Industry, exhibition communication management, diversification of the military-industrial complex, policy of technological sovereignty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.016

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CHANGING US, EU AND NATO FOREIGN POLICY: TRANSFORMING THE ACTION PARADIGM

The article deals with issues related to the transformation of the foreign policy of the US, the EU and the North Atlantic Alliance, with a change in the paradigm of their actions and the transition to an offensive foreign policy. The illusion that the geopolitical landscape, fixed with the recognition of formal (state) and informal (political) borders (the Helsinki Final Act following the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe), would no longer change, was shattered with the end of the Cold War. The confrontation moved to the mental and ideological plane, and then the whole system of accepted agreements was changed, destroying the existing conditional balance of power. The former approach to international relations through the prism of geopolitical interests was transformed into the assertion of universal values that are important for everyone (human rights, the fight against climate change, free trade, etc.), which the same West began to manipulate in its own interests. As a result, the liberal order in more and more global spaces turned into geopolitical chaos and the dismantling of the liberal-democratic model of the world led by the United States began to take place, and their global monopoly began to change to a polycentric model of the world order. A brief assessment is given of the results of the NATO summit in Madrid in June this year and the new Strategic Concept of the bloc, which is fundamentally different from the seventh version of 2010, when, in conditions of peace and stability in the Euro-Atlantic region, NATO defined threats in a common broad framework. The new document more frankly and clearly captures the actions of Russia as destroying a stable and predictable order, and as authoritarian states around the world (Russia and China) using the democratic principles of the organization of NATO member countries (including digital openness) to undermine their security.

The article notes the peculiarity of modern confrontation on the world stage, which manifests itself in its hybrid nature, i.e. combining military and peaceful means, combining traditional warfare with large-scale information and psychological impact. In the new geopolitical realities, it will be possible to predict an increase in the aggressiveness of the collective West, and its courage and activity will be determined by the fact that the war has a proxy character, that is, it is being waged on foreign territory and by proxy.

Key words: New world order, international security, NATO, USA, international relations, EU, Russia, OSCE, China, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.017

E.P. SHULGA Ph.D., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of the SHE, Surgut State Pedagogical University, Surgut, Russia

USAID ACTIVITIES IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION: PRESENT AND FUTURE

This article is devoted to the study of the activities of the US Agency for International Development in the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union in the 20s of the XXI century in the context of the geopolitical interests of the United States in this region. The importance of the Central Asian region for the interests of the United States is substantiated, the ways of work of the Agency for International Development are described. The agency's expenditures in the post-Soviet countries by sector are analyzed. Financing plans for various sectors in Central Asia are being considered. From which it becomes clear that the agency has two main directions: countering China and Russia. Analyzing the activities of USAID, the author concludes that the main tool of the agency in this region will be basin councils. Designed not only to control the most important resource of the region – water, but also to further regulate it.

Key words: Central Asia, USAID, US Department of State, developing countries, foreign aid, basin councils, water resources control.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.018

K.E. KOZHUKHOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Lecturer of the Department of Political Science, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

CHINESE STRATEGIC CULTURE IN "THE TAIWAN ISSUE AND THE REASON FOR CHINA'S REUNIFICATION IN THE NEW ERA" WHITE PAPER

The current change in the international political situation after the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis on February 24, 2022 pushes states to rethink their national identity and territorial integrity. The People's Republic of China was no exception. The ancient strategic culture of this country did not allow the Taiwanese issue, which has been going on for several decades, to be left without a reaction. The work highlights China's new white paper "The Taiwan Issue and the Reason for China's Reunification in a New Era" based on discourse and content analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the People's Republic of China insists on the reunification of the two Chinas and the absence of interference in this conflict by third parties, especially the United States, to which a separate part of the document is devoted. The Taiwan issue is an internal issue of the two Chinese States and requires a Chinese harmonious approach in solving the problem of reunification. The PRC does not envisage the military use of force, but at the same time it is not excluded in order to avoid a civil war. The document suggests a way of rapprochement between the two Chinas, consisting of four main directions. In addition, the Chinese government insists on the stability and prosperity of its country only in conjunction with reunification with compatriots in Taiwan.

Key words: strategic culture, foreign policy, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Taiwan issue.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.019

М.М. BABCHENKO Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Science and Political Analysis of the Institute of Public Administration, Law and Social and Humanitarian Sciences of the T.G. Shevchenko Pridnestrovian State University, Tiraspol, Pridnestrovie, Republic of Moldova

DYNAMICS OF THE MOLDOVAN-PRIDNESTROVIAN NEGOTIATION PROCESS

The negotiation process is the only internationally recognized method of resolving a political conflict. The purpose of the article is to consider the development of relations between the Republic of Moldova and Pridnestrovie within the framework of the negotiation process. The negotiation process on the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian settlement covers the period from 1992 to the present, the author divides the entire period into 6 chronological stages, which are characterized by cyclical stages of confrontation and cooperation. In the article, a special place is given to the generalization of the agreements reached between the parties in the framework of the negotiation process and the conditions for their implementation. The dynamics of the negotiation process and the factors influencing the development of Moldovan-Pridnestrovian relations are revealed. The author describes the projects for the settlement of the Moldovan-Transnistrian conflict within the framework of the negotiation process, proposed at different historical stages of the negotiation process by mediators from Ukraine and Russia. The article describes the mechanism of the negotiation process and its transformation from the "3+2" to "5+2" format. The main conclusion is that the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian negotiation process preserves peace and stability in the region and does not allow for a political settlement of the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian conflict. In the article, the author offers recommendations on the further conduct of the negotiation process by the Pridnestrovian side.

Key words: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, Republic of Moldova, Moldova-Pridnestrovian conflict, negotiation process, settlement, "5+2" format, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.020

MEHMET URPER Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ISLAMIC FACTOR ON THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLICY STRATEGY OF TURKEY PART 2

This article is devoted to the question of the role and significance of the Islamic factor in the foreign and domestic policy of the state of Turkey at the beginning of the XXI century. In addition, the focus is on the concept of the worldview of the Islamic factor, which is an extremely important and relevant concept, as the main source of the development of conflict events of a confessional nature on a global and regional scale. In this article, we are trying to analyze the concept of the Islamic factor as a political tool in the formation and development of the internal and external political activities of the Justice and Development Party, in the period after 2002. In addition, we are trying to demonstrate the influence of the religion of Islam on the measurement of relations between the states of the Middle East region. In this regard, the subject of our study is the split between representatives of the state apparatus of Kemalism adherents and representatives of the Islamic political movement with the traditional legacy of the Ottoman period in the modern politics of Turkey in the 21st century. Our goal is to present a holistic picture of the political activity of the AKP, through the prism of Islamic populism within the political dynamics of Turkey and the region. In addition, an attempt was made to analyze the influence of Islamic religious values on the political dynamics of the state, namely, which of them lead to the emergence of "Imperialism 2.0.", As the ultimate basis of Turkey's foreign policy, in order to form a new state "Neo-Republican model", It is especially important to note that in the international arena, relations between subjects are partly developing in the presence of the religious factor at the beginning of the 21st century.

Key words: Turkey, religious factor, international relations, Islam, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.021

O.V. SEMYONOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF THE FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS ANNOTATION

Information systems are used in almost all spheres of human activity. In this regard, most of the processes taking place in the modern world should be considered informational. Confidential information is increasingly becoming the basis for foreign policy analysis. The information approach in the analysis of foreign policy reveals both the prospects for obtaining new knowledge and the growing threats to information security in the modern world. There is an increasing need for effective provision of information and analytical activities in the foreign policy process and ensuring the information security of foreign policy departments, citizens and states. The article describes the main approaches and methods for analyzing the foreign policy process, which require special skills for their use. To solve these problems, it is necessary to create conditions for the training of international analysts and the education of information and analytical culture of citizens by means of educational technologies. Thus, the information and analytical support of the foreign policy process is a multifaceted activity to create conditions for the most efficient use and improvement of the intellectual potential of expert analysts and the intellectual and computing capabilities of information systems in order to develop and make decisions within the framework of the foreign policy process.

Key words: information and analytical support in the foreign policy process, information and analytical systems, information and analytical activities, foreign policy analysis, analysis of international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.022

VAN CZIN'HUJEJ Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE VECTOR IN THE FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTI-RUSSIAN SANCTIONS

The sanctions confrontation of the Western countries, led by the United States, contributed to the turn of Russia's policy towards Asia. The Russian Far East retains its strategic importance for the Russian Federation and its main partner in the Asian region – China. Each country has formed an independent external border vector aimed at solving problems in the national interests. In the new political realities, the study of the practices of the established strategies of our states and their theoretical understanding seem relevant, since they will contribute to the preservation and further development of Russian-Chinese relations. The purpose of this article is to characterize the Far Eastern region of Russia in the aspect of Russian-Chinese relations, taking into account anti-Russian sanctions.

Key words: foreign policy, international relations, People's Republic of China, Far East, Russian Federation, anti-Russian sanctions, Russian strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.023

RABAT LUJAIN PhD Student, Junior Researcher at the Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE AND POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE POPULATION IN SYRIA

Since the beginning of the crisis in Syria in 2011, many studies have been conducted and many recommendations have been proposed regarding the Syrian conflict and the best ways to end it and rebuild the country. However, most studies do not consider the characteristics of the socio-political process in the country, which are vital factors that should be taken into account when determining the best ways to restore peace and social cohesion in countries affected by conflict. The article examines the stages of the development of socio-political life in the Syrian Arab Republic since the time of the Ottoman Empire and highlights the features of the socio-political life and political culture of the Syrian population in order to provide a better understanding of the socio-political process in Syria and how citizens perceive their role in the socio-political system. The study shows that the main characteristics of socio-political life in Syria are the rejection of foreign interference, the instability of political processes, the control of elites over socio-political processes, and the institutionalization of traditional identities. And the predominant type of political culture in the country is the “subject” political culture in which citizens see themselves as a subject, not an object of politics and are not actively involved in the socio-political life of the country.

Key words: peacebuilding, political culture, socio-political process, Syrian Arab Republic, Syrian conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.024

LIU JINGYUAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

А GUDAMU Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics, International Security Department Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINA’S CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM

The article examines the problems of the current global governance and analyzes China’s contribution in supporting the idea of reforming the global governance system, strengthening the voice of developing countries, and supplementing existing mechanisms and offering global public goods. Provides information for understanding China’s approach to global governance and China's foreign policy in the context of the rise of the great powers.

Key words: global governance, global governance system, global governance reform, China, contribution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.025

A.L. STALNOY Political science graduate Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

PERCEPTION THE PROBLEM OF «GERMAN GUILT» IN THE POST-WAR GDR

The GDR and the FRG equally became the heirs of the German guilt complex following the results of the Second World War, but the features of political and economic structures were reflected in the powerful interpretation of the guilt complex. The GDR, which was a socialist state, attempted to get rid of the guilt complex, relying on the fundamental political myths about East Germany's anti-fascism and the regime continuity of the West German state with the Third Reich. The memory policy pursued by the SED party line was based, among other things, on the glorification of anti-fascist figures and the monopolization of the legacy of communist resistance. The author summarizes that the absence of an open public sphere, research reflection and thematization of guilt in the East German discourse ultimately led to the exteriorization of the topic of guilt, the instrumentalization of collective memory of the past and the externalization of responsibility for the crimes of the National Socialist regime.

Key words: German guilt, guilt complex, GDR, politics of memory, collective memory, antifascism, denazification, historical trauma.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.026

М.А. SHOLKOVA Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN-AMERICAN ALLIANCE UNDER D. TRUMP AND J. BIDEN

This article analyzes three joint statements signed by Japanese and USA leaders in 2017, 2021 and 2022 years. The author highlights the main trends of Japan – U.S. alliance and concludes that new guidelines for Japan – U.S. defense cooperation may be signed soon.

Key words: Japan-American Alliance, cooperation between Japan and USA, joint statement, D. Trump, J. Biden, Sh. Abe, Yo. Suga, F. Kishida.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.027

P.A. ILIN Master Student in Political Science, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

THE MASS MEDIA IN MODERN RUSSIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF PUBLIC OPINION MANAGEMENT

In this article, the author analyzes the main mass media in a democratic society using modern Russia as an example, as well as the influence of the media on public opinion. The author examines the most common methods of manipulating the public mind, which are used by the media to promote a certain news agenda. The problem of citizens' trust in traditional media and new media, the relationship between trust in the media and the state, and the impact of this indicator on public sentiment are examined. In addition, the author of the article, by studying the research materials from open sources, draws conclusions about the prospects and trends in the development of traditional media and new media. The article uses independent sources of information.

Key words: mass media, public opinion, state, manipulation, citizens, influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.028

Yu.S. OLENICH Master of Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia) in the direction of "Management", Moscow, Russia

MODERN POLITICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

The article analyzes the main features of modern terrorism and provides recommendations for the development of effective anti-terrorist measures; the characteristic features, signs and differences of modern terrorism from terrorism of the past years are considered. It is noted that the solution to the problem of terrorism is currently possible on the basis of a global and integrated approach within the framework of international cooperation, institutional support, and the global rule of law. It is also noted that modern terrorism, given its transnational nature, can endanger the existence of nation-states. In this regard, the problem of research and analysis of modern political instruments for countering terrorism is relevant and arises most acutely. Thus, the task of creating such a comprehensive system of new-generation anti-terrorist measures that would help to curb the spread of Islamist terrorist ideas and effectively combat the complex and multifactorial problem of terrorism comes to the fore for the world political community.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist group, non-governmental organization, scientific and technological progress, mass media, interstate interaction, national state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.029

V.A. SANZHAROV Student of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

IMAGE-MAKING IN INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL ORGANIZATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FIFA): CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

The aim of this paper is to identify the tools that FIFA uses to improve its image. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks are formulated: to identify the reasons for the need to change the organization's image-making strategy, to identify tools aimed at improving the image of FIFA by the example of specific cases. To conduct the research, the author used both general scientific methods, in particular, deduction, induction, analysis and generalization, and special methods – narrative method, index method, document analysis method, and case study method. It is noted that the efforts of the organization to improve its image in recent years are primarily related to the corruption scandal of 2010-2015. As a result, trust in FIFA has plummeted and the loyalty of football fans has decreased. In addition, many large partners left, which dramatically affected the organization's income. In order to restore its image, FIFA initiated a number of internal reforms that were aimed at increasing the transparency of the organization and its tournaments. It is concluded that initiatives aimed at involving women in football, the development of this sport in developing countries, the protection of human rights and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle have become a key component of improving the image of FIFA.

Key words: international organizations, image-making, FIFA, football, sports, sports management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.030

A.A. SVIRIDOV Master's student of the Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL CRISES CAUSED BY ENERGY FACTORS: THE SUEZ CRISIS OF 1956

The article is devoted to the political and energy international crisis that arose as a result of the struggle of the Egyptian people for the nationalization of the Suet Canal. The prehistory of the crisis and the policy of Great Britain in relation to Egypt and the shipping channel of this country, agreements of international importance on the use of this object and ownership rights to it are being studied. The role of Egyptian President G.A. Nasser, as well as the desire of Great Britain, France and Israel to resolve this crisis in their favor through political and diplomatic pressure, sanctions, blockade of Egypt and armed intervention on its territory are considered. The contribution of the USA and the USSR in overcoming this crisis is taken into account: negotiations at the UN and pressure from N.S. Khrushchev to Western countries. The results of the crisis are summed up: the failure of the military operation, the blocking of the canal and the use of US oil reserves. Conclusions are drawn about the international significance of this crisis and its lessons for England and France.

Key words: nationalization of the Suez Canal, diplomatic pressure, armed intervention, the «Oil Transfer» program, positions of the great powers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.031

TIAN ZHUO Master, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China

RUSSIAN NEOCONSERVATISM AND PUTINISM

The article examines the phenomenon of such a phenomenon as "Putinism", which is characterized by a number of researchers as a new Russian ideology. At the same time, the author analyzes various points of view on this political phenomenon – Western and Russian researchers in the field of political science and sociology.

This ideology is considered in the context of neoconservatism, which in Russia acquires its own specifics, unlike Western political trends. In this regard, the author sets the goal of the study – to analyze the concept of "Putinism" in the context of Russian neoconservatism. The subject of the study is the political phenomenon "Putinism", the object is the new Russian ideology.

As the main conclusions, the article identifies the prospects for the development of the directions of this ideology and their role in the life of the Russian state both within the country and in the international arena.

Key words: putinism, neoconservatism, conservatism, ideological content, democracy.

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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 7 (83), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Astvatsaturova M.A., Dzakhova L.Kh., Chikhtisov R.A. The Concept of Russianness: Interpretation by the Approach of Russian Interpretive Political Science

Akhmedova S.A. Territorial Issue in Georgian-Azerbaijani Relations

Wang Jiaxu. Sun Yat-Sen's Theory of China's Political Modernization and the Values of Modern Society

Toropov E.A. Legal Aspects of the Concept of Anarcho-Capitalism

Trofimov P.A. Theory of Multicultural Citizenship of Will Kymlicka: Nation and Nationalism

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Golovinov A.V., Golovinovа Yu.V. On the Justice of Some Legislations: Punishment Policy in the Ideological Heritage of the Siberian Democratic Regionalists

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Slizovsky D.E., Chugunova A., Timershova A. Modern History of Extra-Linguistic Meanings Attacks on the Status of the Russian Language and Russian Culture: Experience of Articulation of the Problem

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Alexandrov D.V., Rodionova M.E. From the Features of Sport as a Political Phenomenon in the XX-XXI Century and Image Support of States to Work with Youth in Sports

Vasilyev L.A., Afonin A.A. Media: Special Energy of Military Journalism

Kondratova E.S., Kernozhiczkaya E.V. Ways to Improve Regional Construction Management (Using Leningrad Oblast as an Example)

Burov A.S. Main Technologies of Political Destabilization and Conditions for their Implementation in the Regions of Indigenous Peoples of the North (Part 2)

Titov V.V. State Identity Policy in the Russian Federation: the Problem of Institutional Organization

Odinokov M.D., Trifonov A.D. Prospects of a Bio-Party System in Building a Conservative Ideology in Modern Russia

Chibirkin E.A. State Policy of Patriotic Education in Modern Russia: Specifics of Formation and Problems of Implementation

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Drozdova E.V. Operationalization of the Term «Educational Policy» in Russian and English Research

Utesinov K.M. On Differential Features of State Control in Kyrgyzstan: a Comparative Political Aspect

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Surma I.V. Formation of Geopolitical Pluralism as the Basis of a New World Order

Vankovska B. NATO 2022: a Search for Friends and Foes

Dubrovina O.V., Dubrovina O.Yu., Livanova I.V. Migration Processes: Political and Legal Regulation

Tushkov A.A., Zhivotova D.A. On the Question of the Idealization of Japanese Culture in Russia

Rodionova M.E., Eremenko I.V. Implementation of the Communicative Strategy of Political Actors Abroad on the Example of Comparative Analysis of Websites and Social Networks of Scandinavian Countries

Wang Juntao. «Silk Road Economic Belt» and «New Silk Road Plan»

Kolosova I.V. Dalai-Lama Tenzin Gyatso – Ambassador of Peace and Interreligious Cohesion

Mehmet Urper. The Influence of the Islamic Factor on the Formation and Development of the International Policy Strategy of Turkey. Part 1

Chen Hanzhi. The CPC Party School in the Preparation of Political Elites

Han Wenxin. A Comparative Analysis of British and U.S. Policy Toward Hong Kong after the Extradition Prohibition Amendment

Tsakhilova L.M. Evolution of the Role and Prospects of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in the European Security System

Kovalenko A.A. Institutionalization of Culture as a Foreign Policy Resource of the Russian Federation and Prospects for its Application in Modern World Politics

Kishueva I.A. Open-Source Intelligence as a Tool of Digital Coaction in the Dynamics of International Relations

Isaev K.A. Modern Crisis in Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela: the Migration Aspect

STUDENT SCIENCE

Emelin D.R. The Role of Russia in the Transformation of the Modern System of International Relations

Namazov O.B. The Genesis and Evolution of the Welfare State: Political Aspects

Nikitina K.A. Digital Technologies in Perspective Modern Concepts of Transformation World Order

Sviridov A.A. Political Crises Caused by Energy Factors: the Iranian Oil Crisis of 1950-1954

Sekretareva K.N. China's Digital Economy in Historical Retrospect

Tsvetkova Yu.A. Agenda: Concept, Specificity, Typologies

Tsorieva Z.Kh. Features of the Development of Integration Processes in the Latin American Region

Chalyshev A.Yu. Problems and Prospects for Cooperation Between Russia and France on the African Continent

Our authors № 7-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.001

M.A. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, People’s Republic of China; Professor, Director of the Scientific and Educational Center for Political and Ethnopolitical Research of the Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

L.KH. DZAKHOVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the North Ossetian State University named after K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia

R.A. CHIKHTISOV Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy of the North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurova, Vladikavkaz, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF RUSSIANNESS: INTERPRETATION BY THE APPROACH OF RUSSIAN INTERPRETIVE POLITICAL SCIENCE

The article contains a political science critical reflection on such significant concepts of the modern Russian socio-political process as the concept of Russianness and the concept of Russianity. Their political and legal determinants and properties are distinguished in practical evolution and in the context of the current state of society and power in Russia, in view of significant external challenges and internal environmental factors. The formation, formulation and application of these concepts is linked with the political and administrative doctrine of the governance of the Russian Federation against the background of Russianness and Russianity, correlation, articulation and competition. The possibilities of ethno-civil solidarization of the country's citizens against the background of geopolitical challenges and damages and the actions of the Russian Federation to strengthen state sovereignty are emphasized with the help of understanding political science resources. The resultant ideas concretize the circumstances of the syncretism of Russianness and Russianity as political projects, highlighting the role of power and the role of society in optimizing them.

Key words: Russianness, Russianity, civic consolidation, political nation, "Russian world", Russian idea, Russian civic identity, conservative political science, political metatext, verticalization of power, public consensus, external challenges.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.002

S.A. AKHMEDOVA Graduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Department of Political Science and Political Philosophy, Moscow, Russia

TERRITORIAL ISSUE IN GEORGIAN-AZERBAIJANI RELATIONS

The collapse of the Soviet Union radically changed the geopolitical situation in the South Caucasus. However, as in the situation at the beginning of the 20th century, Georgia and Azerbaijan managed to establish close relations. The main routes through which Azerbaijan's hydrocarbons are exported to Europe pass through Georgia. Both republics faced manifestations of ethnic separatism, which also contributed to the convergence of their positions. However, along with common interests, there are problems between them, including the problem of demarcation and delimitation of the state border. The article examines the foreign policy relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Georgia against the background of territorial issues. The historical prerequisites contributing to the current geopolitical situation are studied, as well as the possibility of solving the problem by diplomatic methods. The situation of the states within the Soviet Union, as well as their situation after leaving it and gaining independence, has been studied. The situation of this issue at the present stage is considered, as well as alternative solutions to the conflict situation are proposed.

Key words: Azerbaijan, Georgia, USSR, history, international relations, territorial integrity, conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.003

WANG JIAXU Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

SUN YAT-SEN'S THEORY OF CHINA'S POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE VALUES OF MODERN SOCIETY

Political modernization is the basis of the socio-economic development of modern China, rooted in key political theories developed at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. One of the most prominent theorists of modernization was Sun Yat-sen, an iconic figure of Chinese political history, who became one of the most revered politicians of the past in modern China. In the legacy of Sun Yat-sen, a unique synthesis of the key ideas of political modernization that arose and developed in Western democratic thought was carried out with the basic postulates of the Chinese political tradition. Sun Yat-sen has made a significant contribution to the political modernization of modern China, and his ideas are of great strategic importance for the Chinese state, focused on building a harmonious socialist society under the rule of law. In the framework of this article, the main provisions of the theory of political modernization of Sun Yat-sen are considered. The main ideas of the concept of the «Three Principles of the people», developed in a relatively short period of time theory, which served as an intellectual justification for all his political actions, are analyzed. The article examines the basic postulates of democracy and the doctrine of the livelihood of the people as key elements of the theory of political modernization of Sun Yat-sen.

Key words: Sun Yat-sen, political modernization, democratism, values of modern society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.004

E.A. TOROPOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF ANARCHO-CAPITALISM

This article is devoted to legal aspects of anarcho-capitalism – a political philosophy that suggests the possibility for society to exist within the framework of purely market institutions. The very idea of the fundamental possibility of the successful functioning of private judicial and legal institutions in the complete absence of state ones is one of the few fundamental differences between anarco-capitalism and minarchism, which considers the judicial and legal systems to be the exclusive prerogative of the state.

Key words: anarcho-capitalism, minarchism, private law, libertarianism, Benson, Friedman, Huemer, Nozik, Rothbard.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.005

P.A. TROFIMOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THEORY OF MULTICULTURAL CITIZENSHIP OF WILL KYMLICKA: NATION AND NATIONALISM

The article explores the concept of nationalism in the theory of multiculturalism by Will Kymlicka. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the author's concept of nationalism, which he calls liberal, to determine the practices of its implementation, to identify correlations with the classical understanding of nationalism, and to determine the role of nationalism in the democratic process and social policy. Liberal culturalism as a separate philosophical and political trend was formed in the 90s of the XX century. This concept has its origins in part in John Rawls' theory of social liberalism, which has been adapted to deal with the relationship between cultural majorities and minorities in liberal democratic societies. Today, culturalism is a rather harmonious and original theory, which in some respects is close to Austro-Marxism (K. Renner, O. Bauer) and the legacy of theorists of the Jewish socialist movement of the early 20th century (Bund, Poalei Zion), as well as British socialism (T.H. Marshall). Also among the reasons for the emergence of multicultural theory can be called the development of postmodernism, the awakening of minorities, the collapse of the colonial system, the intensification of migration processes and globalization, the threat of the disappearance of some cultural minorities and their marginalization, the reaction to national building. Liberal nationalism and multiculturalism are forms of liberal culturalism. Its theoretical basis is based on the concept of collective rights. Representatives of this trend include such philosophers and political scientists as Will Kymlicka, Iris Young, Yuli Tamir and others. The premise of Will Kymlicka's liberal nationalism and all his multicultural theory is the concept of the nation, as well as the rejection of the principle of cultural neutrality of social and political institutions.

Key words: multiculturalism, culturalism, Will Kymlicka, collective rights, nationalism, minority nationalism, liberalism, leftist liberalism, liberal nationalism.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.006

A.V. GOLOVINOV Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and international law, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia

Yu.V. GOLOVINOVА Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Law and Teaching Methods socio-economic disciplines, Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia

ON THE JUSTICE OF SOME LEGISLATIONS: PUNISHMENT POLICY IN THE IDEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE SIBERIAN DEMOCRATIC REGIONALISTS

This work is aimed at comprehending certain aspects of the political doctrine of the Siberian democratic regionalists (regionalists). The purpose of the publication is to identify the problems of state policy in the field of punishment in the political and ideological heritage of the founders of the Siberian regionalism – N.M. Yadrintsev and G.N. Potanin.

Guided by the hermeneutic methodology and tools of political and textual analysis, the authors show that in the political concept of democratic regionalists, an important place is occupied by reflection on the legal foundations of the policy of the Russian Empire in the field of punishment.

As part of the work done, it was established that regionalist thinkers considered the penitentiary and criminal policy in a completely modern way, that is, as an important component of the internal social policy of the domestic state. Guided by the principle of humanism and referring to the value of the social nature of man, the Siberian democratic regionalists found numerous gaps in the legal foundations of the penitentiary policy of imperial Russia.

Key words: Siberian democratic regionalism, regionalism, N.M. Yadrintsev, G.N. Potanin, state policy in the sphere of punishment execution, political thought, legal regulation.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.007

D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of historical sciences, professor Department of History of Russia, Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

A. CHUGUNOVA Undergraduate student (direction "Philology") Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

A. TIMERSHOVA Undergraduate student (direction "International relations") of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

MODERN HISTORY OF EXTRA-LINGUISTIC MEANINGS ATTACKS ON THE STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND RUSSIAN CULTURE: EXPERIENCE OF ARTICULATION OF THE PROBLEM

The article attempts to trace and analyze the texts, thoughts, opinions, remarks about the attack on the status of the Russian language against the backdrop of a broad historical and geopolitical context. The purpose of the study is to analyze the physical and spiritual state of the Russian language under the influence of extralinguistic factors dispersed at three levels: geopolitical, historical-political and personal. The article also presents a kind of virtual wishes for a way out of the crisis state in which the Russian-speaking world is immersed today inside and outside.

Key words: Russian language, Russian language in the world, historical and political content of the attack on the Russian language.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.008

D.V. ALEXANDROV Adviser to the President of CSKA, Adviser to the Minister of Physical Culture and Sports for the Moscow Region, member of the Board of Trustees of the CSKA Rugby Club; Deputy of the Council of Deputies of the City District Solnechnogorsk, Moscow Region, Moscow, Russia

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Mass Communication Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FROM THE FEATURES OF SPORT AS A POLITICAL PHENOMENON IN THE XX-XXI CENTURY AND IMAGE SUPPORT OF STATES TO WORK WITH YOUTH IN SPORTS

The article deals with such issues as the features and specifics of sports in the XX-XXI centuries, the role of sports in the image support of states and its role in the domestic policy of states; the question of the importance of sports achievements as an indicator of the maturity of states was raised; examples and opinions of representatives of sports are given (such sports as hockey, sambo, biathlon, boxing, kickboxing, chess, urban sports, saber fencing, diving, long jump, etc.), many of which are Olympic world champions, who have reached serious heights in sports, politics, and business. The material of the article is based on the book by Aleksandrov D.V. “Sport is out of politics. Politics outside sports".

Key words: sport in politics, politics in sports, sports sanctions, international competition, education of the younger generation, education of patriotism through sports.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.009

L.A. VASILYEV Doctor of Philology, Professor Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. AFONIN Specialist in international relations, Bachelor of Laws, Expert in External Communications, Senior Lecturer, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

MEDIA: SPECIAL ENERGY OF MILITARY JOURNALISM

The dominant of the modern information and propaganda process is military journalism. Military journalism in the USSR, the specifics of propaganda, military correspondents. A special group of writers – military correspondents. Sources of front-line news, genres, thematic orientation of the texts of the Great Patriotic War, Military correspondents of the special operation in 2022.

Key words: special operation, denazification, rumors, myths, rituals, fakes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.010

E.S. KONDRATOVA Assistant to the Deputy the Chairman of the Leningrad Region for Construction and Housing and Communal Services, Saint Petersburg, Russia

E.V. KERNOZHICZKAYA Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Northwestern Institute management – a branch of the Russian Academy of People's economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia

WAYS TO IMPROVE REGIONAL CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (USING LENINGRAD OBLAST AS AN EXAMPLE)

The article is devoted to solving the problems of the most important direction of the state's internal policy – construction policy. The construction sector unites a large number of entities in a complex system of financial, legal, organizational, administrative and managerial relations. The federal structure of the state leaves many opportunities for the development of regions, including in the implementation of urban planning policy. In this sense, the content of construction policy in the region is an indicator of federalism. The subject area covered in the article includes a study of management mechanisms and the state of construction policy on the example of the Leningrad Region. The theoretical significance of research in this area is due to the fact that the category "construction policy" itself is not worked out in scientific discourse. Turning to the program-targeted approach, which today underlies state development and modernization programs, the concept of state construction policy at the federal level is not fixed in any way by a separate regulatory regulatory document, construction policy measures are regulated by the provision of several documents. Formally logical research methods, such as analysis, comparison, synthesis, in this case are supplemented by the interpretation of secondary data and statistics. When studying the mechanisms for the formation and implementation of the construction policy, its close relationship with the problems of regional management, complex problems of the socio-economic development of the regions is obvious. The applied importance of the construction policy from the point of view of political scientific knowledge lies in the need of state institutions of the federal and regional links to respond to the needs of citizens of the country, which, on the one hand, are not fully satisfied, on the other, are one of the basic needs of a person. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the content, mechanisms and trends of the construction policy of the region.

Key words: construction, construction policy, territory, complex development of territory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.011

A.S. BUROV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MAIN TECHNOLOGIES OF POLITICAL DESTABILIZATION AND CONDITIONS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REGIONS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH (PART 2)

The article is the second part of the study of the main political technologies of destabilization in the regions of residence of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia, as well as the existing prerequisites that create favorable conditions to implement such technologies. In the first part of the work, from a theoretical standpoint, the issues of political technological destabilization were considered in the context of the problems of the indigenous peoples of the North, as well as their main examples. The second part of the article reveals the prerequisites that contribute to the development of this destructive activity at the regional level, as well as proposals on measures to stabilize the political situation in these regions. These materials can be used in the formation of recommendations for public authorities, whose competence includes the implementation of national and regional policies. The main scientific methods used in this work are interdisciplinary and situational research methods. The study is based on the analysis of sources of modern political science, as well as executive authorities, regulations of the federal and regional levels.

Key words: domestic policy, indigenous peoples of the North, national policy, political technologies, destabilization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.012

V.V. TITOV PhD (Political Sciences), Senior Researcher, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

STATE IDENTITY POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION

The article is devoted to the problem of the institutional organization of the state identity policy in the Russian Federation, taking into account the specific of the political system of post-Soviet Russia and the growth of geopolitical risks. The article analyzes the experience of foreign countries in creating institutions of national memory as specialized state structures, which are aimed at forming an appropriate model of national-state identity based on a full-scale restructuring of the collective image of the past. At the same time, the conducted research shows that this experience, due to a number of historical and socio-political factors, related to the ethno-cultural diversity of Russian society, is not relevant for modern Russia. It is also noted that the most important conditions for improving the institutional profile of identity policy, the contours of which are being formed in today's Russia, are its further semantic content, development and a clear formulation of the goals of its implementation.

Key words: national-state identity, state identity policy, institutional organization, enemy image, institutions of national memory, historical policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.013

M.D. ODINOKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

A.D. TRIFONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS OF A BIO-PARTY SYSTEM IN BUILDING A CONSERVATIVE IDEOLOGY IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article discusses the relevance of the request for ideology within the Russian society. The study of this topic is conducted within the framework of the modern political environment. The main focus is on the prospects of conservative ideology, the key factor for the institutionalization of which is the reform of the party system of the Russian Federation and the formation of a two-party parliament. In the course of the analysis theses prove the prospects of this system in the context of current geopolitical transformations.

Key words: party, ideology, politics, two-party system, conservatism, state, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.014

E.A. CHIBIRKIN Research Institute of the Humanities by the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia

STATE POLICY OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN MODERN RUSSIA: SPECIFICS OF FORMATION AND PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Introduction: in In the context of globalization, Russia as a state faces the need to strengthen the foundations for consolidating society, as well as to maintain the stability and security of the state itself. In this regard, there is a need to find the most efficient mechanism for implementing policy strategies in the spiritual realm, including patriotic education. Objectives: to analyze the modern state policy in the field of patriotic education and form an optimal mechanism for its regulation and control. Methods: system, institutional, analytical, conceptual and comparative approaches, as well as non-formalized analysis of official government documents, analysis of secondary data. Results: the specific features of the Russian Federation state policy in patriotic education were analyzed, the main problems of its implementation and effectiveness were highlighted; an improved mechanism for implementing the patriotic education policy was proposed. Conclusions: in the current situation, there is a need to review the existing state programs in order to increase their effectiveness by providing an integrated approach to setting goals and objectives within the area in question and related ones (socio-economic, cultural, spiritual, educational, etc.); to streamline the activities of competent authorities and departments; to coordinate the government and the public efforts and activities in patriotic education. The coordination of the state and public sectors in the process of forming and implementing state policy will make it possible to build an efficient model of patriotic education in the country.

Key words: patriotic education, patriotism, state policy, state programs, youth, the Russian Federation.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.015

E.V. DROZDOVA Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Political Administration, School of Political Studies, Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

OPERATIONALIZATION OF THE TERM «EDUCATIONAL POLICY» IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH RESEARCH

The author examines the main terms used to characterize the educational policy in domestic and English-language studies. A brief etymological analysis of the terms is given, as well as the main differences in the use of terminology when translating from English into Russian. For the semantic analysis of the term state educational policy, the author considers more general categories that make up this concept: politics, state policy, education, educational policy, state policy in the field of education, global educational policy. It should be noted that the modern consideration of this concept cannot be fully disclosed without interpreting the corresponding foreign language terms (policy/policies, politics, education, education policy / politics, politics of education).

Key words: education, state educational policy, state policy in the field of education, global educational policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.016

K.M. UTESINOV Competitor of the Institute of State and Law, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

ON DIFFERENTIAL FEATURES OF STATE CONTROL IN KYRGYZSTAN: A COMPARATIVE POLITICAL ASPECT

The article highlights the methodological assumptions for highlighting the category of "control", covering all levels of government and stages of management activity, incorporating elements: checking the legality and expediency of their implementation by the authorities. Control is a relatively independent element of the political and legal system of society, which is carried out by state bodies, officials and authorized public associations, aimed at achieving goals using incentives and restrictions and focused on meeting the interests of society. The result of the analysis is the actualization of the adoption of a number of laws on control activities in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Key words: public administration, state control, Constitution, concept, prerogative, state body, reform, power, interaction, subordination.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.017

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF GEOPOLITICAL PLURALISM AS THE BASIS OF A NEW WORLD ORDER

The article shows that the traditional world order is on the verge of historical transformation and "mutual understanding", which is based not on international law, but on the awareness of the correlation of forces and interests that determine the boundaries of the possible and accessible for most countries, is increasingly being promoted by the collective West as a new system of world connections. It is emphasized that the North Atlantic Alliance, which was meant as the main instrument for the implementation of the desired world order, as a power structure failed to cope with this function. It is noted that now there is a struggle for the division of spheres of influence by the main geopolitical players, and leading international organizations, such as the UN or the OSCE, have lost their authority, and international negotiation platforms are used by most countries, mainly to solve their narrow interests, but at the same time a great desire to defuse international tension through dialogue and cooperation within the framework of various associations. Possible options for implementing the international security system are presented.

Key words: International security, NATO, G20, USA, international relations, EU, Russia, Turkey, international law, OSCE, China, Iran, world order, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.018

B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and international relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

NATO 2022: A SEARCH FOR FRIENDS AND FOES

The article analyses the position of North-Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in the changing multipolar world, and especially the developments related to the Ukraine. The focus is on the alleged internal cohesion and the prospects after the Madrid Summit held in late June 2020. The basic premise is that NATO has been in a constant search for (new or old) foes more than friends, because the existence of an ‘enemy’ makes it legitimate and necessary. The ‘new’ Strategic Concept in that respect offers more of the same, by adding China on the horizon as a potential enemy (a systemic challenge, as it is said). On the other hand, the changed international order makes it obvious more than ever that the Alliance’s reach and mission depends solely on the hegemon that created it – i.e. the USA. The rhetoric of strengthened and united NATO vis-à-vis Russia is an empty one as the fractures is hard to hide. The allies are divided over the idea of having NATO (USA) focusing on Europe and the proposition of a ‘global NATO’. The basic proposition is that NATO (and USA) suffer from overambitious visions of global dominance, which is just a new form of re-militarization of the world. On paper it may sound convincing at least for the general public in the West, but in reality it bears an imminent danger of a boomerang effect on the social and economic level. Hence in due time the Western public will have to make up its mind if they want more butter (and warmth) or more weapons and military security.

Key words: NATO, Strategic Concept, Madrid Summit, Ukraine, Russia, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.019

O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Political Science and Political Management Department, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

O.Y. DUBROVINA Ph.D. in Political Sciences, Associate Professor, coordinator of the National Union of Political Scientists of Russia, Moscow, Russia

I.V. LIVANOVA Ph.D. in Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of World Economy, International Relations and Law, Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia

MIGRATION PROCESSES: POLITICAL AND LEGAL REGULATION

The article is devoted to the study of migration processes taking place in the world. The purpose of the article is to show the need for legal and political regulation of migration processes.

Migration is regulated in the legal, political and economic fields. The United Nations and The International Organization for Migration play an important role in this matter. The article analyzes the main international documents on the protection of the rights of migrants, and also considers the migration waves that have swept the world at the present time, shows the main reasons for migration, presents the main trends characterizing migration processes, and analyzes Russian documents regulating migration processes.

Key words: migration, migration processes, UN, IOM, regulated migration, migration development trends.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.020

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. ZHIVOTOVA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF THE IDEALIZATION OF JAPANESE CULTURE IN RUSSIA

The relevance of this issue is caused by the modern condition of Russian-Japanese relations. Nowadays they are exacerbated by the sanctions of the Western countries. However, the interest in Japanese culture in Russia increases paradoxically because of its unique traits. It is also explained by the globalization and integration of the cultures? despite the escalation in international relations. That’s why it is curious to discover this processes in various time periods. Moreover, this issue is not fully researched and needs to be studied more detailed. The aim of this article is to explore the interest of Russian society in Japanese culture, traditions and customs.

Key words: Japan, Russia, westernization of Japanese culture, Japanese language, anime and manga.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.021

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Mass Communication Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

I.V. EREMENKO PhD in Philosophy, Senior Lecturer, Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY OF POLITICAL ACTORS ABROAD ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEBSITES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS OF SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

The material presents a comparative analysis of the practices of implementing the communicative strategy by the parties of the right, left and centrist persuasion of the countries of the Scandinavian bloc. In the course of the work, the websites of the parties, their pages on social networks, as well as bibliographic material on the topic are analyzed, and statistical material is involved. By studying the features of designing and maintaining websites and pages in social networks by foreign political parties, general and specific features are highlighted. Of particular interest is the implementation of such an analysis on the material of several parties that adhere to similar political positions, but are represented in different countries of the same region, in particular, on the example of Finland, Sweden and Norway.

Key words: PR-technologies, communication strategy, electoral technologies, Finland, Sweden, Norway.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.022

WANG JUNTAO Political Сandidate Sci., Associate Professor Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

«SILK ROAD ECONOMIC BELT» AND «NEW SILK ROAD PLAN»

This article compares and analyzes the Chinese Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative and the American New Silk Road Initiative in terms of purpose, program, scale, motivation, position in their respective strategic system, degree of openness, as well as attitudes towards Russia and Mongolia. The aim of the study is to analyze and identify significant differences and similarities between the Chinese initiative «Silk Road Economic Belt» and the American initiative «New Silk Road». Empirical research methods, search and analysis of information from mass media, analysis and comparison of data, comparison and generalization were used in the work.

Results. This article reveals that the Chinese Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative is guided by the point of view of justice and benefit, which is to achieve common development by giving more and taking less, and sharing the sacrifices. This makes China's Silk Road Economic Belt initiative fundamentally different from the hegemon country's New Silk Road initiative, whose deep purpose is to control the economic life paths of other countries, change the political systems of other countries and serve their own geopolitics.

Conclusions. Although the Chinese Silk Road Economic Belt and the American New Silk Road Initiative have similar names and can generally be classified as diplomatic initiatives that intersect in Central Asia with the aim of economic development and improving people's living conditions, there is space for integration and cooperation between them.

Key words: Silk Road Economic Belt, New Silk Road Plan, China, United States.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.023

I.V. KOLOSOVA PhD (history), Associate professor of Politology and Political Philosophy Department, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

DALAI-LAMA TENZIN GYATSO – AMBASSADOR OF PEACE AND INTERRELIGIOUS COHESION

The article considers the main milestones of biography and activities of the Buddhist spiritual leader the 14th Dalai-Lama Tenzin Gyatso. It explores the position of Dalai-Lama regarding the Tibetan issue, which is based on non-violence policy. In 1989 for advocating peaceful solutions of the problem of Tibet the Dalai-Lama was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize. Following Jawaharlal Nehru, Dalai-Lama develops on the principle of “ahimsa” the culture of peace as the main base for settlement of the international conflicts. On March 11, 2011 Dalai-Lama relinquished the reins as political leader, concentrating on spiritual mission and the four main commitments of his life: protection of universal values; interreligious cohesion and harmony; solution of ecological issues; maintenance and restoration of the ancient Indian philosophical and cultural heritage. As the ambassador of peace and interreligious cohesion the Buddhist spiritual leader makes an important contribution to the development of global thinking based on the universal human values.

Key words: the 14th Dalai-Lama Tenzin Gyatso, Buddhism, Tibet, ahimsa, Nobel Peace Prize, universal values, interreligious dialogue.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.024

MEHMET URPER Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ISLAMIC FACTOR ON THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLICY STRATEGY OF TURKEY (PART 1)

This article is devoted to the question of the role and significance of the Islamic factor in the foreign and domestic policy of the state of Turkey at the beginning of the XXI century. In addition, the focus is on the concept of the worldview of the Islamic factor, which is an extremely important and relevant concept, as the main source of the development of conflict events of a confessional nature on a global and regional scale. In this article, we are trying to analyze the concept of the Islamic factor as a political tool in the formation and development of the internal and external political activities of the Justice and Development Party, in the period after 2002. In addition, we are trying to demonstrate the influence of the religion of Islam on the measurement of relations between the states of the Middle East region. In this regard, the subject of our study is the split between representatives of the state apparatus of Kemalism adherents and representatives of the Islamic political movement with the traditional legacy of the Ottoman period in the modern politics of Turkey in the 21st century. Our goal is to present a holistic picture of the political activity of the AKP, through the prism of Islamic populism within the political dynamics of Turkey and the region. In addition, an attempt was made to analyze the influence of Islamic religious values on the political dynamics of the state, namely, which of them lead to the emergence of "Imperialism 2.0.", As the ultimate basis of Turkey's foreign policy, in order to form a new state "Neo-Republican model", It is especially important to note that in the international arena, relations between subjects are partly developing in the presence of the religious factor at the beginning of the 21st century.

Key words: Turkey, religious factor, international relations, Islam, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.025

CHEN HANZHI Intern at the Chinese Institute of International Studies, China

THE CPC PARTY SCHOOL IN THE PREPARATION OF POLITICAL ELITES

China has chosen a unique path of modernization and demonstrates high achievements in economic, political, military-technical development. For these reasons, scientific interest in political elites is only increasing.

This article is devoted to the analysis of one of the aspects of the formation of China's political elites – the training of party and leadership personnel, the specifics of the party school system of the CPC of the People's Republic of China are considered. The created large-scale education system combines theory and practice, contributes to the formation of strategic thinking, covers all levels and links. The training of party leadership personnel, who play an important role in the process of achieving success in China's development, is a priority task of the CPC.

Key words: political elites, CPC, China, leadership cadres, political stability, party school.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.026

HAN WENXIN Ph.D. student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BRITISH AND U.S. POLICY TOWARD HONG KONG AFTER THE EXTRADITION PROHIBITION AMENDMENT

British and U.S. policy toward Hong Kong is an important part of their policy toward China. In March 2019, an Extradition Prohibition Amendment Movement emerged around a government proposal. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government amended the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance and the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance. The U.K. and U.S. use the riots to interfere in China's internal affairs, support the opposition in Hong Kong, separatist forces and rioters in Hong Kong, disrupt public order in Hong Kong, and restrict China's development. Thus, a study of British and American policies toward Hong Kong is essential for maintaining the principle of "one country, two systems" and for the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong, along with the realization of the peaceful reunification of the country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Key words: Anti-extradition amendment movement, Britain's "flexible policy", U.S. "intervention policy", reasons for policy differences.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.027

L.M. TSAKHILOVA PhD student, Department of Comparative Political Science, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF THE ROLE AND PROSPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE IN THE EUROPEAN SECURITY SYSTEM

Issues of international security are the highest priority in today's geopolitical conditions. The policy of international security organizations attracts the attention of experts in this field. The article plays the role of the Organization for Security and Interaction in Europe with the Public of World Politics, as well as its place in the development of world and international security.

Key words: international security, international organization, European security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.028

A.A. KOVALENKO Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF CULTURE AS A FOREIGN POLICY RESOURCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS APPLICATION IN MODERN WORLD POLITICS

The object of the article is the foreign policy functioning of culture. The subject is the institutionalization of culture as a foreign policy resource of the Russian Federation and its foreign policy prospects. The methodological basis of the work was formed by the approaches of neoliberalism and realism, which led to the consideration of culture as an important and promising resource of the foreign policy of the Russian state, using culture to ensure its international influence, national security and the integrity of its country. The research methods were general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as analysis of the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and information resources of cultural institutions that implement the work of cultural foreign policy functioning.

The main conclusion of the author was the understanding that today culture is undergoing the process of institutionalization as a foreign policy resource of the Russian Federation. Its representation abroad is due to the work of a significant number of cultural institutions, the spectrum of which includes both the executive authorities of Russia and the activities of private foundations, as well as educational, religious, mass media and other organizations. The potential for the development of their work is very high, since the use of culture as a resource for Russia's foreign policy is especially relevant in the process of the ongoing international confrontation. At the same time, the current situation presupposes special attention and participation of the state in the development of the cultural sphere, which can act as one of the foundations for ensuring the national security and integrity of Russia in the conditions of modern world politics.

Key words: institutionalization, culture, soft power, mechanisms, institutions, foreign policy, world politics, international system, Russian Federation, prospects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.029

I.A. KISHUEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia

OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE AS A TOOL OF DIGITAL COACTION IN THE DYNAMICS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) as a subject of this article is a set of political communication tools in the framework of international relations progress. The material and methodological base of the study includes a wide range of data and verified sources to shape a comprehensive understanding of the implementation mechanism and risks associated with different government systems and the relevance of open-source intelligence technologies to current tasks of interstate interaction.

This study consistently concretizes the subject of digital technologies based on the graphical representation of the OSINT methodological cycle developed by the RAND Corporation. System analysis reflects the correlation of institutional formations involved in the mechanism of data accumulation and filtering. Provided in the study examples illustrates the positive and negative trends of open-source digital intelligence technologies. A conceptual analysis of the Western and Eastern approaches to the regulation of the digital communication sphere facilitates the identification of the bifurcation areas of the elements that determine the structure of international relations. The purpose of the study is to provide an up-to-date description of OSINT technologies in the current international agenda and develop directions for risk reduction and raise the effectiveness of Open-Source Intelligence.

Key words: OSINT, digital communication, international relations, multistakeholder governance, digital constitutionalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.030

K.A. ISAEV Postgraduate Student, Department of international relations and integration processes, Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN CRISIS IN BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA: THE MIGRATION ASPECT

Aim. To evaluate the nature and influence of Venezuelan migration crisis on national security of Latin American states.

Methodology. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used by the author in that work. In particular, the method of statistical analysis allowed to clearly demonstrate influence of economic and social crisis on population emigration. Due to the method of comparative analysis, it was possible to comprehensively consider the main aspects related to the process of emigration of the population from Venezuela, as well as the impact of the migration crisis on the national security of Latin America.

Results. Migration crisis in Venezuela direct impacts on national security of Latin American states. Its outcome depends on speedy resolution of political, economic and social crisis in this state. Russia provides significant economic and humanitarian assistance to Venezuela against the backdrop of unilateral economic sanctions imposed by the USA. In order to restore the Bolivarian Republic as soon as possible, it seems appropriate to continue deepening the liberal reforms launched by the Venezuelan government in 2018, as well as to expand the forms of economic cooperation with Russia.

Key words: Venezuela, security, Latin America, migration crisis, migrants, features.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.031

D.R. EMELIN Master candidate of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF RUSSIA IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE MODERN SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Current processes in the system of international relations testify to a turning point that leads to a restructuring of the current world order. This is explained by the all-pervading economic and political hegemony of the collective West, which, in the current conditions of interconnectedness and interdependence, seeks to maintain global leadership with all possible forces. However, such attempts only contribute to the transformation of the international order. The paper examines the role and capabilities of the Russian Federation as the most important global actor in the process of transforming the current order, its place in the very system of international relations. In addition, years of US attempts to isolate Russia and prevent its return to the international arena have only reinforced these trends, which threaten the existence of a liberal world order based on the internal rules of the collective West. The Ukrainian crisis became the apogee of the anti-Russian policy, which led to global turbulence in the economy. The article also raises the issue of Russian-Chinese relations, which, in connection with recent events, are becoming the fundamental structure for the formation of a new system of the world, the basis of which, as before, will be the balance of power.

Key words: current world order, transformation of the international system, relations between East and West, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.032

O.B. NAMAZOV Master, North-West Institute of Management branch of RANEPA, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF THE WELFARE STATE: POLITICAL ASPECTS

With the strengthening of tendencies in the world of curtailing neoliberal globalisation and taking into account the crisis of the global system, the question of alternatives becomes relevant. In this regard, the scientific discussion about the welfare state is of particular importance. The article is devoted to the political features of the emergence and development of the welfare state. The intellectual preconditions for the genesis of the welfare state are considered. The factors of nation and state building, the need to ensure national unity in the emergence and development of a welfare state are noted. Attention is focused on the "Golden Age" of the welfare state, characterised by universalisation in the approach to social policy. The role of political institutions – the state and political parties in the evolution of the welfare state is analysed. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the views of proponents of the pluralist political theory and marxism on the evolution of the welfare state. At the same time, some features of the formation of welfare state regimes are described, taking into account the types of electoral systems and the priorities of political parties.

Key words: welfare state, welfare state regimes, social policy, political institutions, state, political parties.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.033

K.A. NIKITINA Master student of the Faculty of International Relations St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PERSPECTIVE MODERN CONCEPTS OF TRANSFORMATION WORLD ORDER

The process of digitalization of international relations in recent decades gives impetus to the development of various approaches to understanding the relationship between digital technologies and other traditional processes of international relations, which include a change in the world order. This article is an attempt to comprehend the role of digital technologies in international relations from the point of view of various theories. Three approaches to the analysis of technologies as a driving force of changes in the world order are presented: structuralist, social-constructivist, actor-network. Using the method of comparative analysis of these approaches, taking into account the views of various actors of international relations on the use of digital technologies, promising ways of shaping the future world order in the context of the development of the global digital space have been identified. The author pays special attention to the desire of various states to establish standards and rules for the use of digital technologies and the role of non-traditional actors who own digital technologies. The article is intended to contribute to scientific discussions devoted to theoretical problems and predictive studies of the possibilities of forming a new world order under the influence of the digital technology factor.

Key words: digital technologies, world order, structuralism, social constructivism, actor-network theory.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.034

A.A. SVIRIDOV Master's student of the Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL CRISES CAUSED BY ENERGY FACTORS: THE IRANIAN OIL CRISIS OF 1950-1954

The article is devoted to the political crisis in Iran associated with the struggle for control of national resources and the nationalization of the Anglo-Persian Company. The prehistory of the crisis and the policy of Great Britain towards Persia and the oil reserves of this country, the concessions of 1901 and 1933 are being studied. The role of Iranian Prime Minister M. Mossadegh, as well as the desire of Great Britain to resolve this crisis in its favor through political and diplomatic pressure, sanctions and blockade of Iran, is considered. The contribution of the United States in overcoming this crisis is taken into account: an attempt to negotiate and develop a coup d'état in the country. The goals, preparation, course and results of the operation to overthrow the government of M. Mossadegh (the code name of the operation is Ajax) are analyzed. The results of the crisis are summed up: a successful coup and the creation of a new International Oil Consortium with the participation of both American and European corporations. Conclusions are drawn about the international significance of this crisis and its lessons for British Petroleum Corporation.

Key words: concessions, revision of agreements, nationalization of the Anglo-Persian Company, British sanctions, overthrow of the Mossadegh government, Operation Ajax – the role of the US CIA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.035

К.N. SEKRETAREVA Master student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S DIGITAL ECONOMY IN HISTORICAL RETROSPECT

China has become an influential digital player both in the Asia-Pacific region and globally. As a major global investor in digital technologies and one of the world's leading developers of those technologies, it is already shaping the global digital landscape, supporting and inspiring entrepreneurship far beyond its territories. The digital economy is having a profound impact on people's lives, changing the way they are employed and generating huge changes in China's production structure. The digital economy has become a new form of economic and social development. This article analyses the history of China's digital economy and the challenges the country faces in building an information society.

Key words: digital economy, China, Internet, e-commerce, digital technology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.036

Yu.A. TSVETKOVA Student of the Faculty of Management and Politics Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO), Moscow, Russia

AGENDA: CONCEPT, SPECIFICITY, TYPOLOGIES

The article examines the essence of the phenomenon of the agenda. The development of views on the formation of the agenda is traced. The main approaches and directions of research in foreign and domestic political science are investigated. The definitions of the term and typology proposed by various authors are analyzed. It is concluded that a common characteristic uniting numerous interpretations of the concept is that the agenda consists of issues that cause the subject a certain concern. Depending on the subject, as well as on a number of other criteria, researchers distinguish different types of agenda. The key characteristic of the issue on the political agenda is the fact of the development and implementation of a specific political decision on it.

Key words: agenda, political agenda, types of agenda.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.037

Z.KH. TSORIEVA Master’s Student Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE LATIN AMERICAN REGION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features and trends of the development of modern integration processes in Latin America. The significance of this issue is due to the dynamic development of the Latin American region as a subject of world politics, which makes regional integration associations increasingly important actors in international relations. The aim of the work is to identify the main trends in the development of integration in Latin America, as well as problems and prospects for the development of Latin American integration associations. Statistical data of Latin American organizations, as well as analytical works of Russian and Spanish scientists were used for the analysis. In the final part of the work, it is concluded that Latin American integration is currently experiencing not the best of times due to the presence of a number of problems that significantly hinder integration processes in the region.

Key words: integration, integration processes, Latin America, MERCOSUR, UNASUR, international organizations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.83.7.038

A.YU. CHALYSHEV Master of political science Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND FRANCE ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

The confrontation between Russia and the West over the past few years has forced a shift in the focus of Russian foreign policy to the East. Russia began to actively develop relations with the countries of Asia, the Middle East and Africa. The African direction seems to be the most promising, taking into account the fact that African countries are now potential partners for cooperation and development of joint projects. But the African direction has long been a priority for another power – France. Therefore, the article raises questions about what problems arise between countries on the African continent, and whether there are any prospects and opportunities for developing cooperation between Russia and France.

Key words: Africa, Russia, France, foreign policy, cooperation.