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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 6 (82), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Astvatsaturova M.A. Politics and Political Science: «Explanatory Responsibility» in Relation to the Modern Russian Political and Managerial Doctrine

Kolosova I.V. Christian Political Concepts: History and Modernity

Persidskaya O.A. The Phenomenon of Institutionalization of Ethnicity: Socio-Humanitarian Interpretations and Possible Directions for the Development

Toropov E.A. The Political Philosophy of Anarcho-Capitalism

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Koren V.L., Koren I.V. Skobelev M.D. on Protecting Russia from the Threats of the Future

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Ahmedov H. Social Self-Emphasis of Youth as an Important Quality of Life Indicator

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Suleymanova Sh.S. Current Problems of Ensuring Information Security of the State

SelyutinV.I., Korshunova A.A. The Historical Experience of the Formation of Local Self-Government in the Voronezh Region and the Problems of Continuity

Ibragimov I.D. Theological Education Resources in the Formation of Traditional Russian Values Among Young People in the Conditions of Modern Geopolitical Risks

Burov A.S. Main Technologies of Political Destabilization and Conditions for their Implementation in the Regions of Indigenous Peoples of the North (Part 1)

Zhulikova K.S. Internet Technologies as a Factor in the Political Mobilization of Young People

Myasnikov D.S., Krazhan A.S., Shelest A.A., Bulakh E.V. Sanctions as a Counternative to Cooperation: Reasons, Expectations, Risks and the Reality of Europe's Policy Towards Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Khabarov I.A. Co-Production and Co-Management: in the Entrepreneurial Dynamics of Communities

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Magadiev M.F. Dependence of Modern Russian Elite on Socio-Economic Sanctions of Leading Western Countries as a Threat to the National Security of the Russian Federation

Khanaliev N.U. Expansion of NATO to the East Near the Russian Border as an Overt Threat of Military Pressure on the National Security and Sovereignty of Russia

Borisov A.V. UK Government’s Strategy for International Development: from Aid to Geopolitics

Gorbunova N.M., Ivanova I.I. The Middle East Vector of Turkey's Foreign Policy under the Administration of President R.T. Erdogan

Tang Quizhu, Gubin A.V. The Main Problems of Interaction Between the Russian Federation and China in the Military-Strategic Sphere

Sadykov R.R. The Importance of School Education in Modern World Political Processes

Belyusov P.N., Tereshenkov A.M. The Role of Tech Transnational Corporations in the System of International Relations in the Context of Digitalization

Wang Yu. Formation and Evolution of the Foreign Policy Strategy of Partnership before and after the Arrival of XI Jinping

Goichev R.I. The Impact of US Geopolitics on Security in Europe in the Context of the Ukrainian Conflict

Gurinovich D.F. BRICS – Informal Cooperation of Countries to Ensure Regional Security

Rakhman A.H. Foreign Policy Threats to Security in the Post-Soviet Space from Afghanistan

Titov R.V. Legitimization of the Use of Military Force in Modern International Relations: Information and Communication Aspect

Ho Dong. Political Aspects of Sino-Russian Economic Cooperation

Chibrikov A.O. Terrorism as a Traditional Threat to Global Security in the 21st Century

Turanskii M.M. Ethnic Component of the Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995

Zyong Wan Lin. Training, Development of Intellectual Youth and Attracting Talent on the Example of Some Developed Countries: Experience for Modern Vietnam

STUDENT SCIENCE

Bratkovskaya D.V., ROGOVA Ya.D., Kapatsyna G.A. International Sports Games "Children of Asia" in Vladivostok as an Example of the Use of Sports as a "Soft Power" Tool

Komarov K.S. Djibouti: Geopolitical Potential

Our authors № 6-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.001

M.A. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of political sciences, professor, Professor, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign languages, Harbin, China; Professor, Piatigorsky state university, Pyatigorsk, Russia

POLITICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE: «EXPLANATORY RESPONSIBILITY» IN RELATION TO THE MODERN RUSSIAN POLITICAL AND MANAGERIAL DOCTRINE

The article focuses on the problems of modern political knowledge in connection with the ongoing geopolitical turn, which also determines the internal political Russian agenda. The possibilities of modern political science in relation to the Russian political and managerial doctrine are outlined, taking into account the risks and damages of external order, which lead to new, often contradictory ideas and ideologemes of politics and management. The article summarizes the resources of scientific-expert and educational realization of political knowledge in the actualization of problems that require explanation and interpretation.

Key words: Russian political and managerial doctrine, unprecedented aggravation of geopolitical background, political choice of Russian society, Russianness and Russianship, images and titles of mutual future.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.002

I.V. KOLOSOVA PhD (history), Associate professor of Politology and Political Philosophy Department, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CHRISTIAN POLITICAL CONCEPTS: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

The article considers the process of development of the Christian political concepts from the early Medieval Ages to Modernity. It explores the evolution of the concept of Katechon, which legitimizes the sacralization of political power. It analyzes political and theological doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. It considers Medieval European political and legal teaching on ‘the king’s two bodies’, which substantiates continuity of the king’s power. It explores the phenomena of Christian monarchy, Christian democracy, Christian socialism, “liberation theology”, Christian feminist theology, Christian political realism of R. Niebuhr and other concepts.

Key words: Augustinus Sanctus, Katehon, “Moscow – the Third Rome”, doctrine of the two swords, “the king’s two bodies”, Ernst Kantorowicz, Christian monarchy, Christian democracy, Christian socialism, “liberation theology”, Christian feminist theology, Christian realism, R. Niebuhr.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.003

O.A. PERSIDSKAYA Junior Researcher Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ETHNICITY: SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN INTERPRETATIONS AND POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

The paper summarizes the most common approaches to the study of the institutionalization of ethnicity. It is shown that, although they fully reflect the institutional aspects of fixing ethnicity in the political course, they cannot describe the entire spectrum of mechanisms for the incorporation of ethnicity into the political process. Theoretical and methodological extensions are proposed, which consist in setting in a broad interpretation of the institution, relying on the understanding of institutionalization as a process of continuity of transformation under the significance of extra-institutional factors and orientation to regions that are different in terms of ethnic composition.

Key words: institutionalization, institutionalization of ethnicity, politicization of ethnicity, ethnic identity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.004

E.A. TOROPOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF ANARCHO-CAPITALISM

This article is devoted to understanding the political theory of anarcho-capitalism – the concept of a society that exists in a free market without political, legal, social and economic state institutions. This direction of political thought took shape in the 1960s and 70s. in the writings of Murray Rothbard and David Friedman within the framework of American conservatism, which consistently advocates limiting the powers of the federal government, as well as the state as a whole. From a methodological point of view, Rothbard builds on the deontological ethics of the prohibition of violence (the libertarian "non-aggression principle") and has receive coverage in Russian political science and economic discourse. This cannot be said about the no less curious works of David Friedman which methodologically are based on fundamentally different, largely less radical and more reasoned consequentialism, which seeks to compare the economic efficiency of the state and the market. The author examines the historical and political context of the United States, within which anarcho-capitalism was formed; offers its own synthesis of the key ideas and arguments of the concept under consideration; ideas are identified that have applied significance for modern political science and have already been largely accepted by American conservative thought and the Republican Party.

Key words: anarcho-capitalism, american conservatism, classical liberalism, libertarianism, Friedman, Rothbard, Huemer, Republican Party.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.005

V.L. KOREN PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

I.V. KOREN Graduate student of the Military University, Moscow, Russia

SKOBELEV M.D. ON PROTECTING RUSSIA FROM THE THREATS OF THE FUTURE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the views of the invincible hero of the Turkish war of 1877-1878, warrior and prophet – General from Infantry M.D. Skobelev. His prophetic words about the attitude of Europeans to Russia, which are relevant to our time, are noted. The threats to Russia, which come both from outside and inside the country, are outlined. The role of M.D. Skobelev is defined in the participation of solving the issues of the country's protection from the threats of Russia. The urgency of the words of "The White General" for our days, about the threat to Russia of destructive wars and Russia's invincibility in a just war is emphasized. The urgency for modern Russia of the general's statement is noted: "If you do not want to fight, then be ready for war".

Key words: general from infantry M.D. Skobelev, threat to Russia, war, pan-Slavism, patriotism, national interests of the country, moral education of soldiers, mercy and generosity to the defeated, devastating wars, self-serving war.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.006

HUSNIDDIN AHMEDOV Doctor of political sciences, Associate Professor of the International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

SOCIAL SELF-EMPHASIS OF YOUTH AS AN IMPORTANT QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATOR

The article deals with the notion of "social well-being", on the materials of sociological research, various factors influencing the social well-being of young people in the conditions of modern social life are analyzed.

Practical proposals and recommendations were put forward to promote "human dignity" in the pursuit of "social well-being" and to support young people, who constitute a significant part of the population. Social well-being is a complex socio-psychological state in which various socio-psychological features in the formation of a person's personality, the worldview positions of young people, their views and values are scientifically analyzed and identified on the basis of scientific findings.

Key words: Youth, Reforms, Human dignity, Social activity, Social activity of youth, Society, Public life, Quality indicator, Politics, Socio-political processes, Thinking, Socio-political life.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.007

SH.S. SULEYMANOVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor at the Department of Public Relations and Media Policy, Faculty of Journalism, IGSU RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE STATE

The article analyzes the problems associated with the influence of information and information and communication technologies on the mass consciousness, clarifies the issues related to ensuring the information security of the state. In particular, the aspects of ensuring national security in the context of a new political reality are considered. Special attention is paid to the influence of new media on the formation of public opinion – the blogosphere occupies a special place among new media in the mass communications system.

It is noted that ensuring information security is a complex process of denying and overcoming any information danger.

Key words: politics, information, media, national interests, information technologies, manipulation, public opinion, national security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.008

V.I. SELYUTIN Doctor of political Sciences, Professor of political science, management and regional studies of the Voronezh Institute of Economics and social management, Voronezh, Russia

A.A. KORSHUNOVA Post-graduate student of the Department of political science, management and regional studies of the Voronezh Institute of Economics and social, Voronezh, Russia

THE HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF THE FORMATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE VORONEZH REGION AND THE PROBLEMS OF CONTINUITY

The article analyzes the historical experience of forming local self-government in the Voronezh region, from antiquity to the present. The role of the state in the formation of traditions of local self-government in the context of strengthening control and depriving zemstvo institutions of real independence in matters assigned to their competence is considered. The authors analyzed the formation of the legislative foundations of local self-government of the studied region, as well as identified problems in relations with state structures. In conclusion, the authors proposed a number of recommendations to increase the effectiveness of the system of organizing local self-government for comfortable living throughout Russia.

Key words: local self-government, local government reform, public administration, municipal districts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.009

I.D. IBRAGIMOV Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of State-Confessional relations of the Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia

THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION RESOURCES IN THE FORMATION OF TRADITIONAL RUSSIAN VALUES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN GEOPOLITICAL RISKS

The article is devoted to the problem of strengthening the place of theology as an academic discipline and scientific specialty in the system of higher education of modern Russian Federation. Not only educational, but also educational and informational resources of theology are distinguished. The article problematizes the role of theological education in formation of civil-patriotic position and traditional spiritual-moral values of Russian students taking into account modern risks and challenges.

Key words: theology, traditional values of Russian society, civic position, educational process, education.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.010

A.S. BUROV Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MAIN TECHNOLOGIES OF POLITICAL DESTABILIZATION AND CONDITIONS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REGIONS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH (PART 1)

The article discusses the main technologies of political destabilization in the regions of residence of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation, as well as the existing prerequisites that create favorable conditions for the implementation of such technologies. The article consists of two parts. The first part of the work contains an overview of the theoretical views of modern science on the issues of political technological destabilization and its implementation in the context of the problems of the indigenous peoples of the North, as well as the main technologies of political destabilization. The second part of the study will describe the prerequisites that contribute to the development of this destructive activity in the regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation, as well as proposals for measures to stabilize the political situation in these regions, which can be used in the formation of recommendations for public authorities in the areas of national and regional policy. The main scientific methods used in this work are interdisciplinary and situational research methods. The study is based on the analysis of sources of modern political science, as well as executive authorities, regulations of the federal and regional levels.

Key words: domestic policy, indigenous peoples of the North, national policy, political technologies, destabilization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.011

K.S. ZHULIKOVA Graduate student, Department of Political Science, State and Municipal Administration, a branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Orel, Russia

INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR IN THE POLITICAL MOBILIZATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE

Internet technology today has penetrated into almost all spheres of life in modern society. It is impossible to imagine the life of an ordinary citizen without a virtual network. Work, education, entertainment, leisure – all this has migrated in one way or another to the virtual network. The Internet, respectively, has become an integral part of various kinds of political processes. The peculiarity of the Internet is that the users of this resource are overwhelmingly young people. In this regard, the study of Internet technologies as a tool in the process of political mobilization of modern youth in Russia becomes relevant. Objective: to study the impact of Internet technologies on the political mobilization of modern youth. Research methodology – analysis of different ways of influence of political forces on modern Russian youth through the use of virtual network. As a result, the main mechanisms of influence of political forces on young people through the Internet were studied, the main tools of influence were examined, and the main features of modern Russian youth in relation to participation in political processes were studied.

Key words: politics, youth, internet, virtual network, political mobilization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.012

D.S. MYASNIKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

A.S. KRAZHAN Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. SHELEST Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

E.V. BULAKH Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

SANCTIONS AS A COUNTERNATIVE TO COOPERATION: REASONS, EXPECTATIONS, RISKS AND THE REALITY OF EUROPE'S POLICY TOWARDS RUSSIA

The article analyzes the reasons for and reasons for the introduction of large packages of sanctions by the European Union against the Russian Federation, notes unaccounted risks and presents a comparative analysis of "expectations – reality". The material suggests some conclusions about the extent to which the expectations of the European Union were justified and about the degree of possible profound changes provoked by the sanctions policy of Europe.

Key words: sanctions policy, European Union, economic crisis, risks.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.013

I.А. KHABAROV Candidate of Political Science, head of "Office of the Public Chamber of the Tambov region", Tambov, Russia

CO-PRODUCTION AND CO-MANAGEMENT: IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DYNAMICS OF COMMUNITIES

The relevance of the study of the functioning of communities and the application of entrepreneurial practices in the processes of economic and political self-organization within locations follows from the modern processes of transformation of the public administration system, the peculiarities of the organization of the life support system at the municipal level. The purpose of the article is to consider the processes of co-production and co-management as the results of the entrepreneurial dynamics of self-organizing communities. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to consistently solve the problems of studying the formation of the living space of modern communities in a functional, cross-functional and supra-functional matrix, the implementation of universal entrepreneurial practices in communities, the relationship of co-production and co-management. The research uses scientific methods of analogy, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. According to the results of the study, conclusions are drawn regarding the mutual influence of functional corridors of community self-organization, their intersection in the cross-functional political space and in the administrative field as manifestations of interested entrepreneurial strategies of active co-existence (co-production and co-management).

Key words: communities, co-production, co-management, self-organization, entrepreneurial practices, social capital.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.014

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in the foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

DEPENDENCE OF MODERN RUSSIAN ELITE ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC SANCTIONS OF LEADING WESTERN COUNTRIES AS A THREAT TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Since 2014, the Russian Federation has been subjected to the most severe sanctions pressure from the United States and the countries of the European Union. The reason for this was the coup d'etat that took place in Ukraine, as a result of which part of the country seceded and demanded autonomy, however, without finding understanding from the new government, an armed conflict broke out. Against this background, the inhabitants of Crimea, through a referendum, wished to become part of the Russian Federation, which became the reason for the complete economic blockade of the country. These sanctions were painful for the Russian economy, but had a dual effect on it, stimulating the development of its own production, and were applied against the Russian Federation over the past eight years. At the same time, the tension in relations between Russia and Ukraine increased more and more, resulting in a military conflict that continues to this day. This became the formal reason for the enormous number of economic sanctions imposed by the US and the EU on the economy of the Russian Federation, which have already affected not only the economic sectors and the state, but also its political elites. At the same time, sanctions are often illegal, affecting people who are in no way interested in the development of this conflict and have not taken any action to escalate it. Nevertheless, many of the influential people of the Russian Federation, at the initiative of politicians from the European Union and the United States, were deprived of their property. At the same time, they faced blocking of bank accounts and suffered other losses related to foreign business. This article is an attempt to determine how dependent the Russian Federation is on the mood of the modern Russian elite, faced with socio-economic sanctions and their impact on the national security of the country.

Key words: national security, economic sanctions, modern Russian elite, sociological research, influence on the state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.015

N.U. KHANALIEV Candidate of Political Sciences, Officer of the Department for New Challenges and Threats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

EXPANSION OF NATO TO THE EAST NEAR THE RUSSIAN BORDER AS AN OVERT THREAT OF MILITARY PRESSURE ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA

The NATO alliance conducted active military training, working out possible strategies for invading Russia. The head of the CIA, William Burns, urged not to look at Russia when expanding NATO and admitting new members to the alliance. The presence of US military biological laboratories in Ukraine indicates a long-standing desire of the West to draw Ukraine into NATO to create a foothold against Russia. Since Ukraine gained independence, the West has used all political and ideological methods to turn Kyiv into a springboard for the battle with Russia. The expansion of the alliance to the east and the deployment of the bloc's military infrastructure near Russia's borders contradicts assurances about the defensive nature of NATO. Washington unilaterally withdrew from the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, the Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, and the Open Skies Treaty, and in Romania and Poland, the United States deployed an anti-missile defense system, the installations of which allow launching offensive missiles on Russian territory. In December 2021, Moscow presented proposals on security guarantees to the US and NATO, which implied the non-expansion of the bloc to the east and the return of the alliance's military infrastructure to the configuration of 1997. However, this set of initiatives was ignored.

Key words: national security, NATO, special military operation, weapons, conflict in Ukraine, integrity of Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.016

A.V. BORISOV Ph.D. (Philosophy), Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia

UK GOVERNMENT’S STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: FROM AID TO GEOPOLITICS

The article puts forward an analysis of the UK government’s strategy for international development. The document published in May 2022 appears to be an another attempt to coordinate the UK policy of international development with its foreign policy, economic and defense goals. The Strategy is based on supporting economic development in partner-states through investments and trade and economic partnerships aimed at creating and supporting social, political, economic and transport infrastructure. Besides, the Strategy identifies gender equality, ensuring humanitarian leadership, climate change and global health issues as priorities of the development policy. The Strategy provides for a significant shift towards country programs and bilateral aid channels until 2025 assuming that only 25% of the UK total official development assistance will be provided through multilateral organizations. Special attention is paid to Europe and the Indo-Pacific region. It is noteworthy that the Strategy announced an intention to reduce dependence on strategic resources supplies and to create a new European security architecture adapted to modern challenges and threats. According to the author, the British experience can be used in the development of domestic strategic planning documents in the field of international development.

Key words: foreign policy, geopolitics, humanitarian aid, investments, official development assistance, strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.017

N.M. GORBUNOVA PhD (History), Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

I.I. IVANOVA PhD (History), Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

THE MIDDLE EAST VECTOR OF TURKEY'S FOREIGN POLICY UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT R.T. ERDOGAN

The article examines the part of Turkey's foreign policy aimed at its Arab neighbors in the Middle East: Syria, Lebanon and the countries of the Arabian Peninsula. The region of Middle East itself is represented as the special regional system of international relations, different in terms of consolidation or separation due to unstable, chaotic bilateral and multilateral ties. During the reign of Erdogan, both Turkey and these countries experienced internal transformations that affected their relations. Although this region represents a significant part of the geopolitical space the Islamic world, it can be considered only as a periphery of the world system of foreign relations.

Key words: Turkey, Middle East, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Israel, foreign relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.018

TANG QUIZHU Postgraduate student of the School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.V. GUBIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Schools of Regional and International Studies Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND CHINA IN THE MILITARY-STRATEGIC SPHERE

This article represents an analysis of the military-strategic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The author provides a brief description of interstate relations in this area, as well as the main achievements. Particular attention is paid to the aerospace sector, competition in the field of military trade, the supply of military equipment to Asian countries, cybersecurity, joint development and interaction in the Arctic. As a result, it was found that Russia and China are striving for closer relations, despite the difficulties that arise, which indicates a high level of interstate trust.

Key words: China, Russia, cooperation, military-strategic sphere, interaction, problems.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.019

R.R. SADYKOV Attaché of the Russian Embassy in Guinea (2017-2022), Moscow, Russia

THE IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION IN MODERN WORLD POLITICAL PROCESSES

The importance of school education in the process of political transformation of the contemporary world remains essentially unexplored topic. Given the fact that one fifth of adolescents remains today out of school and thus in future this group will be deprived of the possibility to fully participate in the world economic and other processes, the development of school education is a problem which cannot be ignored in the discussion of political transformation of the modern world.

Key words: school education, "soft power", megatrends, global problems.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.020

P.N. BELYUSOV Postgraduate, Faculty of Global studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A.M. TERESHENKOV Postgraduate, Faculty of Global studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF TECH TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

The article is devoted to the problem of the role of GAFAM companies (Google, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon и Facebook (Meta)) in the modern system of international relations under the conditions of digitalisation. The role of GAFAM-companies in the system of international relations is determined by their extensive economic resources, as well as by their access to "leverages", which allow GAFAM-companies to shape the domestic and foreign policy of states. Due to the access to these "leverages" GAFAM-companies exercise a significant influence on international relations. The modern system of international relations is characterized by the crisis of the Westphalian system and the wea the role of the state. At the same time, the largest tech companies have acquired unprecedented influence, which challenges the process of democratization of society.

The article consists of the following parts: description of the goal, hypothesis and objectives of the research; general characteristics of the role of the state in the system of modern international relations and interaction of GAFAM-companies with states; discussion of political "leverages", access to which allow GAFAM-companies influence states and international relations, namely: lobbying their interests; impact on the results of elections or referendums; application of algorithms of ranking information in order to form a certain point of view of the population on political issues, which influence and form the public opinion.

Results of the research demonstrate that tech transnational corporations use their extensive economic resources and power of media influence in order to supersede the role of states in the system of international relations. The leading role of GAFAM companies in the modern architecture of international relations is a natural result of globalisation and digitalisation trends, as well as the inevitable crisis of the Westphalian system. In prior years, large transnational companies did not have such a strong influence on states and international relations, while today the GAFAM-companies are shaping the future face of the world, because they have access to "leverages", which influence states, as well as access to economic resources, vast amounts of data, and the ability to broadcast information, including political one, to form the political position of the population.

Key words: international relations, GAFAM-companies, digital economy, globalization, digitalization, democracy, popular sovereignty, national sovereignty, information warfare.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.021

WANG YU Postgraduate student of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY OF PARTNERSHIP BEFORE AND AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF XI JINPING

This article is aimed at describing the foreign policy strategy of diplomatic partnership as the main foreign policy strategy of China in the XXI century. The author consistently describes the content of the term "partnership relations", giving a classification of partnerships of different types and levels and describing their specific content, from the relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction of the new era with Russia to strategically mutually beneficial relations with Japan. In this article, we highlighted the main changes in partnership diplomacy, the main content of which is the emergence of a vector for interaction with technologically advanced countries for China to implement its own program of economic innovation. The analysis showed that Chinese partner diplomacy has four dimensions – aspects of regional security, motivation of economic interests, diplomatic strategy and factors influencing the need to modernize some sectors of the Chinese economy.

Key words: Xi Jinping, foreign strategy, partnership relations, diplomatic strategy, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.022

R.I. GOICHEV Postgraduate student of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Sciences and Regional Studies of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE IMPACT OF US GEOPOLITICS ON SECURITY IN EUROPE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

This article discusses some of the main arguments for a Russian "special operation" in Ukraine. First, it explores the duality of current geopolitical conditions and how events are understood as a challenge to a global liberal project based on economic competition rather than territorial rivalry.

Secondly, a realistic way of explaining and understanding the Russian "special operation" and principles from the point of view of small states is briefly explored. The liberal and realist understandings of world politics are basically quite similar. Both share and articulate the belief that there is a coherent geopolitical global order and that it is the duty of powerful states to maintain and enforce that order.

Thirdly, and most importantly, Russia carried out a preemptive strike on the territory where the American "conspiracy" was brewing, in the person of Ukraine, which was becoming an forpost of NATO and the United States. In addition, the article discusses the chronological background of the event and its subsequent results and trends.

The purpose of this article is to achieve an expanded understanding of US geopolitics in the Eastern part of the European continent. The objectives of the study are to identify the causes and future trends of the American establishment in the direction of Ukraine.

The article uses general scientific and special methods. The general scientific methods used in the study include methods of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, analogies used to identify factors, trends and transformation of the European security system under the influence of the United States, as well as a comparative research method.

Key words: USA, special operation, Ukraine, security, weapons, West, liberalism, geopolitics, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.023

D.F. GURINOVICH Graduate student of the Department of applied analysis of international problems MGIMO, Moscow, Russia

BRICS – INFORMAL COOPERATION OF COUNTRIES TO ENSURE REGIONAL SECURITY

The article presents the results of an analysis of the BRICS countries' opportunities to influence the political development of international relations in new geopolitical conditions in terms of the distribution of regional development functions ("discussion", "decision-making", "determination of areas of activity", "implementation of decisions"). The author of the article applied the method of content analysis when considering political documents for the development of the activities of the BRICS member countries on key issues (military-political cooperation, economic policy, the development of digital technologies, etc.). The article focuses on the key areas of partnership development and strategic cooperation in crisis conditions of the development of the system of international relations.

Key words: BRICS countries, regional security, partnership and strategic cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.024

А.H. RAKHMAN Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN POLICY THREATS TO SECURITY IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE FROM AFGHANISTAN

The article deals with the security issues of the post-Soviet space in the context of the existing threat from Afghanistan, where representatives of the military-political terrorist organization Taliban (banned on the territory of the Russian Federation) have recently come to power. The purpose of this study is to determine how dangerous the current government of Afghanistan is for neighboring post-Soviet countries. During the study, methods of historical and comparative analysis, content analysis and a number of other general scientific methods were used. Based on the analysis, the author reveals that the events taking place on the territory of Afghanistan and in its northern border regions largely contradict the statements of the central Afghanistan government, which in turn does have no actual power over its territory.

Key words: Afghanistan, Taliban, terrorist group, hierarchy of governance, crisis of governance, uncontrolled territories.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.025

R.V. TITOV Candidate at the Institute for Law and National Security of RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

LEGITIMIZATION OF THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ASPECT

The implementation of military policy by States and their coalitions in modern international relations is characterized by the active involvement of civil society in the processes of legitimizing the use of military force. Thanks to the global mass media and communication, military-civil interaction is implemented at the regional and global level. Its peculiarity is the involvement of transnational corporations, financial groups, and international organizations in the process of legitimizing acts of the use of military force. The positions and views of participants in international civil-military relations, replicated in the information space, form the discourse of international civil-military relations. In the absence of a unified international policy for managing the global information space, the discourse of international civil-military relations is used by military-political actors to promote their interests and justify armed violence. The observed transformation of value priorities in international relations allows international actors to manipulate in the information space the dominant narrative of justice in the international community within the framework of justifying military aggression. The weakness of the existing mechanisms for regulating the information activities of subjects of armed violence actualizes the search for alternative ways to coordinate their interests in the information space.

Key words: international civil-military relations, military-political actors, military policy, armed violence, global information space, discursive confrontation, international information security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.026

HO DONG Postgraduate Student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF SINO-RUSSIAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION

Interstate cooperation between Russia and China has a long history of cooperation. Due to the presence of a common border of considerable length, complementary structure of the economies, as a consequence, the existence of significant mutual interest of business of these two countries in the implementation of joint projects, interstate cooperation in the economic sphere between Russia and China should be considered as a priority aspect for the development of relations between these countries. Cooperation between Russia and China in economic sphere is based on legal mechanisms developed by interstate cooperation, which include, in addition to the negotiation process, also permanent economic cooperation institutions. Their structure meets mutual interests of Russia and China in economic sphere. Cooperation between the two countries continues to be favorable due to the difference in the structure of the economies and brings profit to companies from the two countries. The legal framework, represented by a number of interstate agreements, has been formed and continues to develop.

Key words: Russia, China, economic cooperation, interstate agreements, capacity, exports, reform.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.027

A.O. CHIBRIKOV PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Global Processes, Direction of Geopolitics and Diplomacy, Moscow, Russia

TERRORISM AS A TRADITIONAL THREAT TO GLOBAL SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Global security is unprotected. In each country there are various negative situations, such as crime problems, the aggravation of problems of purity of nature, wars within sugar and other conflicts – all this is only a small part of the national security problems of different stars. By the end of the 20th century, the development of terrorism from a problem within each individual State turned into a global problem of society. At the mother, something from different fields of science and countries are studying the father of ever terrorism. In the fight against terrorism, the countries individually did not today. The UN has declared terrorism as an international grandma. The Security Council is popular because it has special competencies and means of struggle. At this forever in time, it is important to recognize the threat of terrorism and unite the other of different countries in the fight against it.

This article examines sister as a phenomenon and the most important problem of the global community. The brother of its expression and methods of terrorist activity are revealed. As well as investigating and revealing its possible causes and methods of combating it.

Key words: terrorism, ensuring territorial integrity, factors of terrorism, prevention of terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.028

M.M. TURANSKII Postgraduate student, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia

ETHNIC COMPONENT OF THE CONFLICT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 1992-1995

The ethnic conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), also known as the Bosnian War (March 1, 1992 – December 14, 1995), began as a localized ethnic clash between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats, but grew to such an extent that the conflict was intervened by the international community – the UN and NATO.

This article will examine the causes of the conflict, as well as the role of the international community in the escalation of the Bosnian war. As a methodological paradigm, the instrumentalist theory of the emergence of ethnic conflicts will be used.

Key words: ethnic conflict, Bosnian war, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.029

ZYONG WAN LIN Postgraduate Student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL YOUTH AND ATTRACTING TALENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOME DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE FOR MODERN VIETNAM

Young intellectuals are regarded as one of the decisive factors for the survival or prosperity of a country, so many countries in the world (especially developed countries) make great efforts in training, attracting and developing young intellectuals through a variety of practical mechanisms and policies in order to have an advantage in socio-economic development and competition in the international arena. Studying the development strategies of intellectuals and talents of developed countries will help Vietnam gain a better understanding of intellectual resources, serving as a basis for supplementing and improving the training and development methods of young intellectuals for the country, meeting the requirements of industrialization, modernization and international integration.

Key words: young intellectuals, personnel training, attraction of talents, Vietnamese youth, Vietnam.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.030

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

G.A. KAPATSYNA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

INTERNATIONAL SPORTS GAMES "CHILDREN OF ASIA" IN VLADIVOSTOK AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF SPORTS AS A "SOFT POWER" TOOL

In the current international situation, the Asia-Pacific region is an important area for realizing the interests of our country, and the strategy of "Russia's Pivot to the East" has long been announced by Vladimir Putin as one of the priorities for its foreign policy agenda. Strengthening international relations with neighboring countries in the Asia-Pacific region is possible using the strategy of "soft power" - a relatively new direction of political thought, which consists in the achievement of international interests based on attractiveness, mutual sympathy and voluntary participation. An important tool of "soft power" today is sport, which, although intended to be "out of politics", still influences the atmosphere of interstate relations in one way or another and can contribute to their "warming". As a leading example of a sporting event for the entire article that can positively influence Russia's international relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the author considers the upcoming VII International Sports Games "Children of Asia", which will be held in Vladivostok from July 27 to August 8, 2022. The successful implementation of all the planned tasks during the Games will most likely lead to the improvement and development of international cooperation with countries that are participated un the Games in other industries.

Key words: international relations, foreign policy, Children of Asia, Asia-Pacific region, sports, Vladivostok, sports games, soft power, pivot to the East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.82.6.031

K.S. КOMAROV Student, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia

DJIBOUTI: GEOPOLITICAL POTENTIAL

This article presents in actual discourse-analysis focusing on world vision conceptual comprehension of models and methods of increase in resources (illustrated by Djibouti), new forms of engagement, control and expanding influence in Africa. The Black Continent as geopolitical space today is becoming the scene of a seriously escalating confrontation between the two dominating poles in the world – the United States and China. The most dynamically developing region of the world is turning into a main and almost exclusive global strategic resource in the current reality of the emerging non-bipolar model of the world order.

Key words: Djibouti, military-base economy, the Horn of Africa, geopolitics and geoeconomics, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), neo-bipolar world.

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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 5 (81), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Skiperskikh A.V. Policy as a Game: Russian Projection

Kamaletdinova D.R. Political Islam: Problems of Definitions

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Osin R.S. Projects of the Image of the Future in the Light of the Ideological Guidelines of Marxist Thought in the USSR at the Turn of the 1940s-1950s.

Zurnadjian G.S. Spiritual and Political Doctrine of Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) in Modern Historiography

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Kadysheva K.V. Social Networks as a Tool for Forming the Image of the Head of the Region (on the Example of the Heads of Regions of the Volga Federal District)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Magadiev M.F. Information Security and Digital Signature in the Electronic Government System Russian Federation

Brega A.A. Creation and Dissemination of Frames as a Way of Legitimizing Power Decisions

Budarin Ya.S. Foresight of Digital Transformation in the Legislature or "Smart Parliament of the Russian Federation"

Dilmukhametova A.A. Improving Information Support for the Activities of Executive Authorities for the Development of a Network of Educational Institutions

Kulikova D.V. Anti-Corruption as a Tool of Political Fight in the Republic of Korea

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Ravochkin N.N. Political Management Practices Transformation in Digitalization Realities (Part 3)

Khlopov O.A. Digital Technologies as a Driving Force for Ensuring Energy Security

Goncharova D.A. Digital Dimention of National Security

Mironova S.A. Some Features of the Legal Regulation of Lobbying Activities of the Oil and Gas Business in the Russian Federation

Hazeli Reza. Labor Immigration and the Possibility of its Regulation Under Sanctions

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Vankovska B. The Macedonian Chairmenship with OSCE 2023: Dark Clouds Looming on the Horizon

Bolshakov A.G. Settlement of Territorial Conflicts in Central Asia: Positive Practices and Case Kyrgyz-Tajik Confrontation

Vozzhenikov A.V., Tsybakov D.L. Formation of the CSTO Collective Security System in a Multipolar World

Dubrovina O.V., Dubrovina O.Yu., Plotnikov V.S. Regions of States Eurasian Economic Union as a Tool for Expanding the Borders Of Integration

Kuleshova N.S., Hao Lun. Western Economic Sanctions and Russia's "Long-Term" Response after the Crimean Crisis

Ba Alawi Murad Mohammed. New Transition Period in Yemen: Main Scenario of Development of Events

Dmitrievа N.I., Dong Zichao. Sovereignty of Cyberspace as National Sovereignty

Maystat M.A., Dennis Gitau Mwangi. Mechanisms for Increasing Women's Political Participation in East African Countries

Mirzazhanov R.H. Russia and International Organizations in the Fight Against the Global Threats of Extremism and Terrorism

Rakhimov K.H., Lushina A.A., Kholov S.H. Cooperation of the SCO Countries with the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the Settlement of the Afghan Issue: Before and After the US Withdrawal

Shanchenko E.P. UN Peacekeeping Operations in the Context of the Theory of Just War

Wang Yang. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Field of Innovation in the Scientific and Educational Environment

Kazaryan S.A. Political Aspects of the American Model of Corporate Social Responsibility of Transnational Corporations

Krivosheeva N.I., Podurueva-Miloevich V.Yu. Democratic Resources of the Modern Public Sphere: from Social Networks to Muck-Racking

Sui Tao. Assessment of the Development of China-US Relations Based on the Policy Analysis of Trump And Biden

Tang Cuizhu. Prospects for Deepening Military-Strategic Cooperation Between China and Russia: Main Scenarios

Strasburger M.L. History of Studying the Political Participation of the Russian-Speaking Diaspora in the USA in the Period of Three Waves of Emigration

Yue Ruishuang. On Maintaining Strategic Stability in Sino-US Relations

Yazan Hearbake. Chinese Investment in Africa as a Component of Geoeconomic Strategies

Sui Tao, Voronin V.A. China-U.S. Relations (an Analysis of the Actions of the Trump and Biden Administrations in their Strategic Rivalry with China)

Zhao Lu, Guo Wei. Modern Chinese-American and Russian-American Strategic Competition and the Transformation of the International Order

Alekseenko Yu.A. Evolution of the Antarctic Treaty System

Mironov K.A. The Analysis of Features of Nationalist Parties in the European Union

Dong Zichao. Political Problems of International Relations, Global and Regional Development

Musieva D.M. A New Round of Tension Between Russia and the USA

STUDENT SCIENCE

Li Jingying. Confrontation Between China and Russia and America under Sanctions

Gustyr A.A. The Evolution of Russian Soft Power in the 2008-2013 Period

Protsenko A.L. The Role of Propaganda in Totalitarianism

Tarasochkina D.D. Comparative Analysis of the Results of the Competition Leaders of Russia from 2017 to 2020

Korolkov K.A., Shvyrkov V.S. Governance of Islamic Emirate Afghanistan in Socio-Cultural Sphere

Кomarov K.S. AUKUS: the Outlook of Trilateral Partnership

Our authors № 5-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.001

A.V. SKIPERSKIKH Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of Philosophy and Social Science Department, Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

POLICY AS A GAME: RUSSIAN PROJECTION

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between politics and the game. The game is a specific technology of legitimation of political actors.

The author sets the task of studying the evolution of Russian politics in the context of spectacle production. To solve this problem, the author uses the historical method. The game permeates all power structures, affecting the images of all branches of the Russian government. The author believes that the production of a spectacle becomes an important condition for the political life of specific politicians. The creation of attractive scenery for political action eventually turns into a certain technology of political legitimation. This problem is solved with the help of specific cases, which the researcher addresses within the framework of the case-study method.

The author considers the game character of politics becomes a way of distracting society from real problems. The request for a spectacular component is only increasing. This places additional demands on politicians, who are increasingly flirting with voters, involving them in the game. The government is beginning to dominate the sphere of the game, covering more and more public spaces with it. As a result, the production of the game becomes a kind of simulator with which politicians try to manage public sentiment on the ground. At the same time, politics is simulated by insignificant, local actions carried out in the populist interests of specific actors. The real benefits of such actions seem rather doubtful, if we do not take into account the withdrawal of society from a stressful state.

Key words: power, game, legitimation, society, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.002

D.R. KAMALETDINOVA Postgraduate student of faculty of global studies, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ISLAM: PROBLEMS OF DEFINITIONS

The phenomenon of political Islam, which appeared within the framework of the Islamic revival at the beginning of the 20th century, did not immediately attract the attention of the scientific community. That has happened because islamism was associated with the all-inclusiveness of Islam, that unites all the spheres: religious, political and socio-economic one. At the same time, the acceleration of globalization processes, accompanied by a general unification of values and culture, as well as by the pressure on the Muslim ummah, led to a political mobilization under Islamic religious slogans in different parts of the world. Attempts to comprehend the beginning of the Islamic revival by scientific community did not lead to the emergence of a single, monolithic approach to the definition of a new phenomenon, that in turn, led to the impossibility of developing universal ways of interacting with it. In this regard, the author of the article attempts to analyze political Islam in the Western-centric discourse. The first part of the article discusses the use of various terms to characterize the phenomenon of Islamism in the period from the 18th to the 20th century. The second part of the article is devoted to changes in the interpretation of political Islam after the tragic events of September 11, 2001. At the end of the article, it was concluded that, due to the lack of homogeneity of the phenomenon under consideration, the expansion of the terminological apparatus and the semantic field of the concept of political Islam occurred in accordance with changes within the Arab world and the global context in general.

Key words: political Islam, jihadism, takfirism, fundamentalism, Islamofascism.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.003

R.S. OSIN Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Departments of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines Synergy University, Moscow, Russia

PROJECTS OF THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN THE LIGHT OF THE IDEOLOGICAL GUIDELINES OF MARXIST THOUGHT IN THE USSR AT THE TURN OF THE 1940S-1950S.

Ideological guidelines for building an image of the future are extremely relevant for modern Russian society in the context of new foreign and domestic political challenges. In this regard, it seems productive to turn to the ideological projects of the image of the future in the Soviet past.

The purpose of the article is to consider various approaches in the framework of discussions among the leading ideologists of the USSR at the turn of the 1940s-1950s. In those years, after recovering from the devastation of the war, the political leadership of the Soviet state was able to return to the strategic issues of the theory of the transformation of Soviet society from socialist to communist and put many questions of theory in the practical plane. When writing the work, both the general philosophical method of materialistic dialectics and a number of specific scientific methods were used: content analysis, comparative, historical, etc. The basis of the methodology of the article is a materialistic understanding of history.

As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that, despite the external commitment to Marxism, the Soviet ideological elite was not completely monolithic. During the discussion, different approaches and points of view on the process of formation of the communist formation were viewed. Soviet ideological workers tried to combine the realism of achievable goals with the proclamation of the imminent approach of communist society. If at I.V. According to Stalin, these approaches were strictly limited by the political and ideological realities of that time, then in the future many of the ideas voiced at closed meetings in the late 1940s were reflected in the party documents of the CPSU and became widely used in agitation and propaganda.

Key words: communism, socialism, alienation, social division of labor, commodity-money relations, working day, classes, socialization, property.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.004

G.S. ZURNADJIAN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SPIRITUAL AND POLITICAL DOCTRINE OF METROPOLITAN FILARET (DROZDOV) IN MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY

The interest of the paper is to explore the literature dedicated to Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Filaret (Drozdov) as a religious and political figure. In the field of the research are the works of Russian and foreign scientists from the historical, theological, sociological, political, philological standpoint. The works in which the authors describe and analyze the state-church relations of the synodal period as well as the relations between Filaret and the politicians of the epoch are of particular interest hereof.

Key words: Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), spiritual and political thought, state and Church.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.005

K.V. KADYSHEVA Assistant of the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A TOOL FOR FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE HEAD OF THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE HEADS OF REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT)

This article attempts to consider the effectiveness of social networks of the head of the subject of the Russian Federation as a factor in the formation of his image. The paper uses data obtained during the author's content analysis of publications of social networks of heads of regions of the Volga Federal District. Based on the analysis, the problem areas of the image component of the heads of the region in social networks are identified, and the conclusion is made about the importance of information coverage of the political activity of the leader, since it sets the pace of setting and solving the problems of the region and contributes to increasing loyalty from both the federal center and the population.

Key words: political image, head of the region, political leader, social networks.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.006

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in the foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION SECURITY AND DIGITAL SIGNATURE IN THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SYSTEM RUSSIAN FEDERATION

All state structures of the Russian Federation operate within the framework of the "Electronic Government" platform, which is a system of electronic interaction between different authorities, equipped with a variety of functions, as well as an effective communication system between different departments and structures of state power. E-government was created several years ago and is gradually being integrated into the work of all state structures of the Russian Federation, which greatly simplifies the process of public administration and reduces the losses and risks of their functioning. However, in the context of the rapid development of technology, the degree of risk of losing government information also increases. The presence of a huge number of hacker attacks on government websites and information systems increases the concern of the Government of the Russian Federation with these facts. The article describes the systems of "Electronic Government" and its vulnerabilities due to the use of a digital electronic signature on the platform. Options for protection against cyber fraud are given, as well as the possibility of strengthening the crypto protection of the digital signature used in the "Electronic Government" system.

Key words: information and analytical systems, digitalization, public administration, development of information technologies, electronic digital signature, information protection.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.007

A.A. BREGA Postgraduate student, Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CREATION AND DISSEMINATION OF FRAMES AS A WAY OF LEGITIMIZING POWER DECISIONS

The article deals with the problem of creating frames as a way of legitimizing power. Attention is drawn to the specifics of frame analysis, the prerequisites for its active use at the present stage. The types of legitimacy are identified, which are provided by the creation and distribution of frames. It is noted that frames depend on public opinion, and therefore politicians use them for their own purposes. For the success of their political activities, politicians must have an idea of the alignment of social forces in the country, be able to properly assess the reality of meeting the demands of society. As a rule, politicians put forward ideas that are most popular in society, and do not initiate new ones, thus, basically, the distribution of frames is in the nature of reproduction or minimal modification of existing frames.

Key words: fame, framing, legitimation, power, power decisions, politics, communications.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.008

YA.S. BUDARIN Student, Institute of Public Service and Management, Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

FORESIGHT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE LEGISLATURE OR "SMART PARLIAMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"

The key shortcomings of the legislative power in the context of state-building are described. The sequence of solving the problems of Russian citizens in parliament and the emergence of derivative problems under the influence of information capsules is monitored. The influence of administrative and economic actors on the adoption of draft laws is analyzed. The basic concept of a Smart Parliament of the Russian Federation based on digital technologies is put forward.

The Smart Parliament of the Russian Federation (Smart-parliament) is a single initiative platform of citizens of the Russian Federation, created with the aim of generalizing/structuring and forming a holistic socio-economic strategic and operational agenda of the multinational people of Russia in a single information infrastructure of state authorities and local self-government. The platform should provide a centralized integrated approach to state-building issues in the context of creating and ensuring the digital regulatory architecture of the Russian Federation. The actors of state-building in the Smart Parliament are initiative citizens of Russia, who are identified through the Public Services platform with full verification. Smart parliament allows citizens to create an initiative in accordance with an established template, discuss it with other users and receive a motivated response from state and local government authorities, and when passing it to the level of municipal/regional/federal significance – the opportunity to defend their initiative in person and get advice from leading experts of the Russian Federation. In addition, it is assumed that there is a system of political credit. Political credit should be understood as a multi-level system of benefits and offers, fixed at the legislative level, for active citizens of the Russian Federation participating in state construction. Political credit is ranked according to the degree of significance and is calculated in the form of conventional units.

In order to form the agenda of the multinational people of Russia at a qualitatively high level, initiatives are filtered for compliance with the interests of state-building. All initiatives are analyzed in the context of integration into the international regulatory framework and the legislative framework of the Russian Federation.

Key words: State Duma of the Russian Federation, legislative power, actor, political ecosystem of citizens, institution of power, Smart Parliament, public authorities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.009

A.A. DILMUKHAMETOVA Assistant of the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

IMPROVING INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NETWORK OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

This article discusses the main aspects of improving information support for the activities of executive authorities for the development of a network of educational institutions. The modern directions of education development in Russia are studied. By the method of an expert survey among representatives of regional education management bodies, the main problematic aspects of information support for the activities of executive authorities for the development of a network of educational institutions are identified, and the most effective trends for improving processes in this area are proposed.

Key words: information support, education system, innovations, educational institutions, trends.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.010

D.V. KULIKOVA Postgraduate student of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANTI-CORRUPTION AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL FIGHT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the relationship between the features of combating corruption crimes and the political sphere of the Republic of Korea. The article discusses the main anti-corruption law of the Republic of Korea and its weaknesses, as well as the most famous corruption cases that demonstrate the use of anti-corruption rhetoric in a political context.

Key words: corruption, anti-corruption, political struggle, politics.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.011

N.N. RAVOCHKIN Dr. in Philosophy, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical Technologies Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy; Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo, Russia

POLITICAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TRANSFORMATION IN DIGITALIZATION REALITIES (PART 3)

Digitalization is becoming one of the complex determinants, modeling options for the post-industrial transit of the modern world, influencing all spheres and areas of public life. Modern politics can no longer be represented, without digital services, and public administration and the struggle for power have undergone multiple metamorphoses. Transformation of political management practices and changes in the functionality of institutions seem to be vital for national governments, since it is the relevance to current challenges that allows us to rely on evolutionary development scenarios, remodeling of political practices and activities of the authorities The third part of the study summarizes the features of the digitalization of the political sphere in Europe. The author examines China's experience in the use of information and communication technologies in political activities. The high role of state regulation of the Internet and the importance of censorship of any information related to government practices are emphasized. The distinctive features of the Chinese way of digitalization of politics are revealed. In conclusion, the main results are presented and the trajectories of future research on the digitalization of the political sphere in the world regions are outlined.

Key words: political management, power, digitalization, society, interactions, political participation, civil society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.012

O.A. KHLOPOV PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A DRIVING FORCE FOR ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY

The article presents an analysis of the relationship between digitalization, energy and security, analyzes the impact of the digital transformation process in business and the public sector on energy security. Digital technologies play a key role for improving energy security, and the digitalization of public services contributes to achieving energy sustainability. The use of modern digital technologies, such as big data, cloud computing are essential to ensure the security of the energy system and the availability of energy. The author argues that digital transformation activities that is taking place in various sectors on various energy aspects is very important to ensure energy security, including accessibility, affordability, ability to sustainable development.

Key words: energy security, energy resources, sustainable development, digitalization, digital technologies, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.013

D.A. GONCHAROVA Postgraduate, Faculty of Global Studies Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL DIMENTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Introduction. Regardless of political and social systems, the existence of the national security sector and organisations can be considered universal in almost all states. The main task of national security organisations in each country is to support decision makers in the country with accurate, up-to-date information. Their main tasks are to obtain and analyse information. In the 20th century, specific areas of information gathering (e.g. SIGINT – Signal Intelligence, HUMINT – Human Intelligence, OSINT – Open Source Intelligence and MASINT – Measurement and Signature Intelligence) were developed to carry out these activities. At the same time, apart from their specific purpose and secrecy, these fields are undergoing constant change, and one of the most important shaping factors is the external technological environment. Consequently, monitoring changes in the external environment plays an important role, and national security decision-makers are also responding to them by improving their methods. On the one hand, digital technology allows for faster and easier information acquisition, but on the other hand it also leads to the emergence of risks.

Research methodology. The methodological basis of the study comprises general scientific research methods, such as synthesis, analysis, comparison, as well as a special research method, such as content analysis of official documents.

Results of the study. The study argues that digitalization brings both benefits and risks to national security, so each country needs to respond and support technological support for national security. Russia lags behind the U.S. in key digital dimensions. Russia lags behind, and work needs to be done at the legislative and departmental levels to improve economic competitiveness, develop ICT in Russia's different regions, and introduce initiatives to accelerate broadband penetration and increase the adoption of e-services by different sectors and by different levels of government.

Discussion. Digitalization as a process poses significant risks to maintaining the current position in the national security system focused on physical threats. The main threats to the new social organization are: digital terrorism; crime in the virtual environment; human psycho-emotional insecurity, lack of personal space in the digital environment; falsification of information; and threat to national sovereignty in the digital space.

Conclusion. In the future, technological superiority will play an important role, providing unpredictable advantages to countries with the most advanced capabilities and solutions. State authorities are aware of all the need to adopt digital technologies, which are used for national security, but also in related sectors, in particular for information, technological, financial and economic security.

Key words: digital economy, digital technology, challenges, national security, digitalization, digital transformation, ICT development index, digital terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.014

S.A. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SOME FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES OF THE OIL AND GAS BUSINESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article analyzes various approaches to the problems of legal regulation of lobbying activities, including directly in the oil and gas industry, shows the relationship between world and domestic views on lobbying, examines the Russian specifics of lobbying in comparison with foreign experience, substantiates the problems of legal regulation of lobbying in modern Russia.

The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics of the legal regulation of lobbying in the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation on the basis of a content analysis of current legislation and research materials, and to outline the possible limits of this regulation.

In the course of the study, the author concludes that legal regulation of lobbying is not possible in all societies, since it implies transparency not only in the field of lobbying, but also in general within the framework of regulating relations between the state and society, whether it is issues of distribution of social support, taxation or, narrowly, public procurement.

According to the author, the European model of regulation of lobbying, involving the participation of interest groups in the work of special advisory institutions in order to effectively influence political decision-making, deserves attention. In this regard, it is necessary to give a legal definition of lobbying and lobbyists in relation to the realities of modern Russia, to establish on the basis of the law the rules for financing the political process, regulating the activities of relevant organizations and business associations, as well as to determine the degree of their influence on the development of the political system, the process of forming public policy.

Key words: interest groups, lobbying, public authorities, interaction between business and government, oil and gas complex, communication technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.015

HAZELI REZA Graduate student, Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

LABOR IMMIGRATION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS REGULATION UNDER SANCTIONS

The purpose of this article is to identify the features of labor migration in the Russian Federation in the post-pandemic period and new sanctions measures. The work is based on the works of domestic and foreign researchers, on statistical and factual data covering migration processes, labor resources, demographic dynamics, and the social structure of the population. The presented data are systematized in various directions, the impact of sanctions measures on the structure of the modern migration process, on the problems of economic and socio-political development of the Russian Federation is considered.

Key words: international labor migration, sanctions measures, socio-political development, labor resources, political and legal analysis.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.016

B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and International relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

THE MACEDONIAN CHAIRMENSHIP WITH OSCE 2023: DARK CLOUDS LOOMING ON THE HORIZON

The article deals with the challenges and prospects of the forthcoming 2023 OSCE Chairmanship-in-Office of Macedonia, which combines the serious problems of both OSCE and the Macedonian weak diplomacy. The combination of the two does not give many reasons for hope in the context of the Ukraine situation, which with all likelihood will dominate the agenda. On one hand, OSCE is facing an existential crisis as an organization that has obviously failed to preserve peace and cooperation on the European continent but still badly seeks out its new raison d’etre. On the other hand, during the worst global security crisis in the recent decades, the Organization is to be chaired by one of its minor and weakest states. The key questions read: does it matter who chairs the OSCE in a situation where the member states have already taken sides and the decision-making process is in impasse? How relevant is OSCE today and what are its prospects?

Key words: OSCE, Chairmanship, Macedonia, diplomacy, European security architecture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.017

A.G. BOLSHAKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Conflictology, Institute of Social Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

SETTLEMENT OF TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS IN CENTRAL ASIA: POSITIVE PRACTICES AND CASE KYRGYZ-TAJIK CONFRONTATION

The article is devoted to the Territorial Conflicts of the Post-Soviet period in Central Asia. Territorial Conflicts arose in this region due to the lack of clear state bordes, the presense of numerus enclaves and exclaves, since earlier the borders were only administrative on the territory of one state – the Soviet Union. The purpose of article is to determine the most effective Methods for Resolving Territorial Conflicts in the region.

These may include, first of all, lengthy Negotiations between the parties to the dispute, Delimitation and Demarcation of borders. The region has accumulated quite a few such practices, and they are gradually leading to the fact that the process of gaining state borders ends. The most successful in this regard are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. However, the Ferghana Valley is the most difficult area for resolving border problems and disputies between the countries of the region, and there are a number of reasons for this, which are presented in detail in this text.

Direct Russian Mediation, the creation of Zones of Economic Cooperation, the Abolition of borders are still less effective ways to Resolve Conflicts. At the same time, the Russian alliance, ensuring security for a number of Central Asian countries ensures their successful progress towards a gradual reduction in Territorial Conflict.

The case of Conflicts between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan has not yet been Resolved. The most intense conflict between the countries occurred in 2021, which brought the border conflict to the National Level for the two states of the region. But since the Conflicts between these countries are not Ethno-Religious, they are not intractable and, most likely, will be Resolved before 2030.

Key words: Territorial Conflict, Border Conflict, Enclave, Exclave, Negotiations, Mediation, border Delimitation, border Demarcation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.018

A.V. VOZZHENIKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Cultural Studies and Social Communication, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

D.L. TSYBAKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia Khimki, Russia

FORMATION OF THE CSTO COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD

The article analyzes the development of the collective security system in the former USSR during the 1990s-2000s. The authors define the purpose of their research to consider the formation of the institutional and conceptual foundations for ensuring the strategic interests of Russia and its allies in the post-Soviet geopolitical region against the background of the processes of emerging multipolarity. Historical, comparative, dialectical methods are used to fulfill this goal. The analysis of the stages of collective security functioning in the post-Soviet space in the context of the development of CIS institutions and the formation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization is carried out. The content of the "Tashkent Pact" of 1992 and the reasons for the correction of doctrinal acts issued on its basis in the field of ensuring regional security are evaluated. Considerable attention is paid to the process of transforming the CSTO into a multifunctional entity for maintaining international stability in the CIS area.

Crisis situations in the process of evolution of the collective security system that took place at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries are described. The prerequisites of destructive manifestations in the integration strategies of Russia and its allies in the field of regional security are revealed. It is summarized that the crises of its institutions in the post-Soviet space were based on such factors as ethnic and confessional tensions in the newly independent CIS states, the incompleteness of their national sovereignty, as well as the policy of the Euro-Atlantic community to establish its geopolitical hegemony in the former USSR. The prerequisites and conditions for expanding the CSTO's sphere of responsibility are determined, which resulted in the reformatting of this association from a classic military-political union into a regional security organization of a new type.

Key words: post-Soviet space, collective security, regional security, Collective Security Treaty, CIS, NATO, CSTO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.019

O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

O.YU. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor, Coordinator, National Union of Political Scientists of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.S. PLOTNIKOV PhD in Social Science, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs Siberian State Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russia

REGIONS OF STATES EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AS A TOOL FOR EXPANDING THE BORDERS OF INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the topical issues of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union and the possible regional participation in this integration process. The article considers theoretical and applied aspects of the problem. The purpose of the article is to show that international economic integration in the modern world is a necessary condition for the successful economic growth of countries, and substate regions become a key level of political action and dialogue, a place where supranational and national forces meet regional demands and needs. The regions of states are playing an increasingly important role in the national and supranational political process, including integration.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, integration, regions of states, substate regions, cross-border cooperation, cross-border regions and spaces, inter-territorial cooperation, integration policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.020

N.S. KULESHOVA Doctor of philosophical science, Professor of the Department of Political Science of the East Institute of Asian and African countries Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

HAO LUN Candidate of Political Sciences, Moscow State University, Doctor of Political Science, Peking University, Lecturer at the Institute for the Humanities and social sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Beijing, China

WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND RUSSIA'S "LONG-TERM" RESPONSE AFTER THE CRIMEAN CRISIS

The current international situation is complicated by the Russian-Ukrainian situation. The collective West continues to impose new sanctions against Russia, using sanctions as an instrument of political pressure, but the effect of the sanctions is still far from expected. Anti-Russian sanctions create unprecedented challenges for the Russian economy and disastrous consequences for the global economy. Current trends and methods of Russia's response in a crisis situation attract close attention of domestic and foreign scientists. The subject of our study is the counter-sanctions policy of the Russian Federation, as an integral system of state decisions against sanctions coercion of the West.

Key words: Russia, total Western sanctions, international relations, financial institutions, political stability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.021

BA ALAWI MURAD MOHAMMED Candidate of political sciences, Associate professor, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Hadhramaut State University, Yemen

NEW TRANSITION PERIOD IN YEMEN: MAIN SCENARIO OF DEVELOPMENT OF EVENTS

The article considers the political situation in Yemen, in particular, the announcement of the creation of a Presidential council as a result of negotiations held in Riyadh from March 29 to April 7, 2022. It also analyzes the reasons for Ansar Allah's refusal to participate in the negotiations. This paper proposes three scenarios for the development of events in Yemen in the near future.

Key words: presidential council, Yemen, Ansar Allah, yemeni negotiations, Saudi Arabia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.022

N.I. DMITRIEVА Ph.D. (Economic Sciences), Assistant Professor, The Chair of Theory and Technology of Management, the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DONG ZICHAO PhD Student, The Chair of Theory and Technology of Management, the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

SOVEREIGNTY OF CYBERSPACE AS NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY

The paper is devoted to the cyberspace security current state and the features of state regulation of this sphere both at the national, bilateral and multilateral levels. The focus of the study is on the need to define "digital borders" to ensure national priority in cybersecurity, i.e. areas in which the country's leadership has the right to use various measures to protect information data to form cyberspace national sovereignty.

Key words: cyberspace, concept of sovereignty, national sovereignty of cyberspace, information data protection, digital environment, digital sovereignty, digital borders.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.023

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

DENNIS GITAU MWANGI Fourth-year student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Republic of Kenya

MECHANISMS FOR INCREASING WOMEN'S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN EAST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

The article analyzes the mechanisms of achieving gender equality in the politics of East African states (for example, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) in historical retrospect (postcolonial period) and at the present stage.

The authors highlight the internal and external reasons for the need to empower African women in politics, structural and other obstacles, features and consequences of the implementation of gender quotas in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.

The authors conclude that in order to democratize and form governance structures, norms and values in African states, in addition to the numerical political presence of women and the progressive norms of the Constitution, it is necessary to attract strong and mutually responsible voters and create appropriate mechanisms inside and outside the formal governance structures.

Key words: gender policy, women in politics, gender quotas, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, East Africa.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.024

R.H. MIRZAZHANOV Head of the educational Department of the Department of special training of the military training center at Moscow state University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE GLOBAL THREATS OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM

In this paper we analyze the documents of international and regional organizations dedicated to combating extremism and terrorism, or at least mentioning this issue. The factors hindering the creation of a global anti-terrorist (anti-extremist) coalition are highlighted. It is shown that today's expectations in the fight against extremism and terrorism (in addition to national-state structures) should be orientated towards regional and sub-regional associations. We reveal that the principal vectors of the anti-terrorist activities of the SCO and the CSTO for the most part coincide or are similar in content. We conclude that strengthening of inter-regional interaction of already existing structures (for example, the SCO and the CSTO) on the “anti-terrorist agenda” looks optimal for the Eurasian area.

Key words: extremism, terrorism, the Russian Federation, the UN, the SCO, the CSTO, the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, strategizing the fight against manifestations of anti-humanism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.025

K.H. RAKHIMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Post-graduate Assistant of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, specialist Center for Research of Post-Soviet Countries (CIS), Moscow, Russia

A.A. LUSHINA Master's student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the RUDN, Moscow, Russia

S.H. KHOLOV Master's student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the RUDN, Moscow, Russia

COOPERATION OF THE SCO COUNTRIES WITH THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE AFGHAN ISSUE: BEFORE AND AFTER THE US WITHDRAWAL

This article analyzes the experience of solving the Afghan problem accumulated by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (hereinafter-SCO). In particular, the article examines the diplomatic efforts of this organization, its humanitarian actions, and attempts to develop infrastructure in Afghanistan. The article also shows the differences between the SCO participants' approach from other countries and organizations, and analyzes the overall effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The essence of the Afghan problem from the point of view of the SCO members is that the main part of the state border of Afghanistan falls on the member countries of the Organization. Therefore, all the risks that come from Afghanistan – terrorism, the expansion of radical Islam, as well as organized crime (including drug smuggling), are serious threats to the participating countries of the organization. An additional complication lies in the fact that the official Afghan government does not control the entire territory of the country, and has been waging an intense war with the radical Islamic movement for a long time. On August 15, 2021, power in Afghanistan came under the control of the Taliban (the organization is under UN sanctions for terrorist activities). In exchange for the support of the international community, the movement promised to create an inclusive government and respect human rights. So far, these words remain promises: reports of human rights violations, reprisals against representatives of the former regime and suppression of dissent periodically come from the region. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the problems of the SCO's influence and the attempts of its participants to resolve the Afghan conflict.

Key words: SCO, regional security, war in Afghanistan, radical Islam, terrorism, economic and energy security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.026

E.P. SHANCHENKO Junior researcher, Institute for International Studies, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO); PhD candidate, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF JUST WAR

In this article the author depicts in detail the theory (group of theories) of just war. Referring to the classical postulates of these theories (the principles of initiation of war and the principles of rules of engagement in combat), the author analyzes how "just" could be the involvement of the UN peacekeeping contingents in conflict resolution. On the one hand, the conduct of a peacekeeping operation is connected with the intention to stop the bloodshed, and the "fairness" of the participation of peacekeeping contingents is also connected with the involvement of the world community in the settlement of the conflict through UN peacekeeping forces. At the same time, it should be recognized that the UN is a non-state actor, in a meaning of the classical postulates of the theory of just war. To analyze the actions of non-state actors, the author appeals to the non-classical approach of the American expert N. Foushin. Similarly, the author raises questions about the compliance with the principle of legitimacy of an authority (representation of countries in the UN Security Council, active financing by Western partners of the UN Fund, the Peacebuilding Commission Fund, the fund of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), as well as the lack of correlation between the list of countries providing peacekeeping contingents and the circle of states making political decisions regarding the content of the UN mandates. Also, compliance with the principles of jus post bellum, which appeared in the scientific discourse relatively recently, is associated with the conduct of peacekeeping operations (proportionality of claims against the losing side, restoration of the rights of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the losing side, proportionality of punishment of the political leadership and the military in accordance with the share of responsibility of their decisions, the issue of compensation, the issue of political reconstruction and restoration of the party that lost). Due to possible non-compliance with a number of principles of a just war (the principle of legitimacy, the principle of a just cause, the principle of probability of success, the principles of jus post bellum), some peacekeeping operations may not be considered as "just" by certain political actors.

Key word: “just war”, justice, the United Nations, jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus post bellum, peacemaking operations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.027

WANG YANG Weifang University lecturer, China

RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The strategic partnership of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China requires the development of innovations in the educational sphere, since it directly affects the training of modern personnel for sustainable development and comprehensive strategic partnership. The article is devoted to the problems of improving the scientific and educational environment of the PRC and the Russian Federation. The article describes the directions of cooperation in the conditions of digitalization, its main components, presents the results of Russian-Chinese cooperation, taking into account the national and political peculiarities of development. The author's political analysis of new trends in cooperation between the two states in the educational sphere clearly identifies differences in the needs of countries in this aspect, and also provides national statistical data.

Key words: scientific and educational environment, modernization of the education system, digitalization, innovations, trends in the development of university education in China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.028

S.A. KAZARYAN PhD student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE AMERICAN MODEL OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS

The article is devoted to the study of political aspects of the American model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of transnational corporations (TNCs). The article’s author presented the versatile works of the Russian and foreign scientists on the study of various aspects of the problem. The analysis of US foreign policy carried out in the article, implemented through the American model of CSR TNCs, showed that the latter allows Washington to accelerate the processes of globalization in the world and extend its own standards of socially responsible business functioning to developing and least developed states. At the same time, the United States manages to influence the politics of these states due to the dependence of their national economies on the activities of American TNCs on their territory, including the management of enterprises in the extractive and manufacturing industries, controlling stakes in which the US transnational business owns.

Key words: transnational corporations, corporate social responsibility, American model, political influence, developing and least developed states.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.029

N.I. KRIVOSHEEVA Postgraduate of the Department of Public Administration and Management, Volgograd Institute of Management – branch Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia

V.YU. PODURUEVA-MILOEVICH Postgraduate of the Department of Public Administration and Management, Volgograd Institute of Management – branch Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia

DEMOCRATIC RESOURCES OF THE MODERN PUBLIC SPHERE: FROM SOCIAL NETWORKS TO MUCK-RACKING

The article substantiates the characteristic features of the modern public sphere in the context of the three most important institutions of democracy, such as freedom of expression, alternative sources of information and the autonomy of associations. It is argued that the core of the modern public sphere are the following resources: democratization of information, social networks, cross-border public, opinion leaders, macro-hacking. The influence of these resources on democratic institutions is analyzed. The concept of the public sphere Yu. Habermas and the concept of «communicative abundance» by J. Keane is offered as a methodological tool that reveals the relationship between the modern public sphere and its democratic potential.

Key words: public sphere, democracy, Internet, mass media, civil society, democratic resources, social networks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.030

SUI TAO Ph.D. Student the School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA-US RELATIONS BASED ON THE POLICY ANALYSIS OF TRUMP AND BIDEN

Sino-US relations have deteriorated sharply during the Trump administration. Under the leadership of President Trump, Washington abandoned its four-decade policy of engagement with Beijing, designated China as a great power seeking to reshape the regional and world order, imposed sweeping tariffs on Chinese goods, and tightened controls on Chinese investment in the United States.

The article analyzes the Chinese strategy of the administration of D. Trump and J. Biden for long-term, strategic and tough rivalry with China.

Key words: Sino-American relations, strategic competition, fundamentals of strategic rivalry, US foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.031

TANG CUIZHU Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR DEEPENING MILITARY-STRATEGIC COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA: MAIN SCENARIOS

This article analyzes the Sino-Russian military and strategic aspects of the partnership, as well as scenarios for its development. The author gives a general description of the current state of interaction between the two states in the area under consideration on the basis of current scientific literature. Particular attention is paid to Central Asia as an important strategic path for the development of relations between Russia and China, as well as the exchange of military exercises and the exchange of technologies as an important aspect of further interaction between states. The article also considers three scenarios for deepening interaction between the two states: open rivalry, military alliance and strategic coordination. Three factors make it likely that the relationship will develop into a stable and enduring relationship over the next 10 to 15 years. It is likely that China and Russia will continue to firmly believe in advancing a multipolar world order. Countries will continue to uphold the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention, and remain vigilant against any advancement of Western liberal values and norms.

Key words: China, Russia, military-strategic partnership, Arctic, exercises, politics, world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.032

M.L. STRASBURGER Postgraduate Student, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

HISTORY OF STUDYING THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING DIASPORA IN THE USA IN THE PERIOD OF THREE WAVES OF EMIGRATION

In this article, the author examines the history of studying the political participation of the Russian-speaking diaspora in the United States during the period of three waves of emigration. In the introduction, the author proposes a periodization of the waves of emigration from Russia/USSR to the United States, indicates the main stages in the coverage of this process in the scientific literature. The author examines the coverage of various forms of political unification of the diaspora and highlights the idea that they were primarily aimed at fighting the corresponding political regime in Russia/USSR from abroad, and not at exerting significant political influence within the country. The author, comes to the conclusion, that after studying the main works on the topic under study and describing the main Russian-speaking political organizations, clubs and associations of the three waves of emigration, it can be stated that, in contrast to the cultural and economic aspects, the political aspect is poorly developed. The author points out the reasons why the Russian-speaking diaspora did not become an independent political player. This includes the "wave-like nature of emigration", cardinal differences in political convictions, and the class and social affiliation of the migrants.

Key words: russian-speaking diaspora, emigration, political participation, waves of emigration, USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.033

YUE RUISHUANG PhD student, International Relations and World Politics Department, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

ON MAINTAINING STRATEGIC STABILITY IN SINO-US RELATIONS

In today's era, China-US relations are one of the most important bilateral relations in global international relations. It is absolutely obvious that its direction and content significantly influence the global civilizational, military-political and economic development. China and the United States need to ease strategic suspicions and build mutual trust through cooperation, treat conflict as the new normal, and establish a strong and stable strategic relationship. After decades of development of the international and constant diversity of the domestic situation, China-US relations are now facing new challenges, as well as unprecedented new problems. Common interests and economic and political interdependence, including the interdependence between China and the United States and the interdependence of the two countries on the international system, is an important pillar of China-US relations. Over the past few decades, China and the United States have established dozens of intergovernmental dialogue mechanisms, notably the Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue.

Key words: China-US relations, common interests, global stability, competition, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.034

YAZAN HEARBAKE Postgraduate student of the Moscow Pedagogical state university, Moscow, Russia

CHINESE INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AS A COMPONENT OF GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES

China's aspirations for regional and global leadership will largely be achieved by its geo-economic strategy. Investments are one of the geo-economic tools in this regard.

The article presents Chinese investment in the African continent, especially in the energy and mining sectors, which has become a geo-economic phenomenon in a globalized world moving to change its economic system.

Purpose: The role of China's investment in the African continent in the context of the Geo-Economic Strategy.

Highlights the importance of the challenges these investments face.

Key words: investments, energy, America, Africa, China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.035

SUI TAO Ph.D. Student The School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

V.A. VORONIN Ph.D. Student Department of World Economy Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

CHINA-U.S. RELATIONS (AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIONS OF THE TRUMP AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATIONS IN THEIR STRATEGIC RIVALRY WITH CHINA)

After China's reforms and opening up in 1978, the county experience more than 40 years of economic development. Nowadays, China become the second-largest economy in the world. The rise of China's all-encompassing power led the United States to change its strategic position and engage in strategic rivalry with China. This strategy shift occurred during the Trump administration and has been continued by the Biden administration. This article analyzes the development of the Sino-American strategies during the Trump and Biden administrations. It concludes that the United States will adopt three political directions of rivalry, confrontation, and cooperation to manage its relationship with China. The US will rely on alliances and partners and will pursue a long-term rivalry with China.

Key words: Sino-American relations, strategic competition, bases of strategic rivalry.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.036

ZHAO LU PhD student at the department of comparative political science Faculty of Political Science of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

GUO WEI Postgraduate Student, Department of Modern Sociology, Faculty of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

MODERN CHINESE-AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN-AMERICAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER

China, Russia and the United States are among the most important powers in the world. The strategic relations between China and the United States, Russia and the United States and their evolution represent an important milestone in the observation for the study of international political problems. In the face of increased competition between China and the United States, the emergence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the "confrontation" between the United States and Russia portends a serious change in the strategic model of the international order.

The article describes the strategic rivalry between China and the United States, Russia and the United States. It also analyzes the competition for the transformation of the international order, led by the main players in the role of China, the United States and Russia.

Having examined the topic of competition between China, Russia and the United States, it can be concluded that China, in competing with the United States, also benefits to a certain extent from the existing international order, but at the same time puts forward some of its own strategic proposals. The role of Russia in the current international order is twofold: on the one hand, it tries to maintain peace, and on the other, it violates it. The rules-based international order, led by the United States, is in decline. China, Russia and the United States through the UN and other international organizations, it is necessary to establish a fairer international political and economic order. In contrast to the US-Chinese and US-Russian relations entering a "period of severe stagnation", the Sino-Russian relations are getting better and better. However, from the point of view of the United States, a closer comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Russia in the new era poses a serious challenge to the interests of the United States, its allies and partners.

Key words: China-American competition, Russian-American competition, strategic competition, international order, China-Russian-American relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.037

YU.A. ALEKSEENKO Master's Degree in International Relations, Postgraduate student, Department of International Security, Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of World Politics, Moscow, Russia

EVOLUTION OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY SYSTEM

The Antarctic Treaty (1959) laid the foundations for the international legal regime of Antarctica and was to protect the region from the scenario that played out at the opposite side of the globe. The issue of territorial sovereignty in Antarctica was frozen. The logic of collective international management of Antarctica was to overcome a dangerous point in interstate issues – disputes over territories. However, Antarctica began to face management problems immediately after something more than a «tent camp» appeared on its territory. This article analyzes contemporary territorial state claims in Antarctica and how these claims relate to the 1959 Treaty. This article regards the Antarctic Treaty System and reveals the prerequisites for its changes.

Key words: Antarctica, Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctic governance regime, co-governance, global governance, international security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.038

K.A. MIRONOV Postgraduate student Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

THE ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF NATIONALIST PARTIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article examines the various features of nationalist parties in the European Union. An analysis of the scientific literature and political programs of the parties identified the main features that separate nationalists from other political forces. The main feature of nationalist parties is the desire to fulfill the principle of Ernest Gellner, according to which nationalists advocate the coincidence of political and ethnic boundaries. Attempts to comply with this principle force political parties to put forward territorial demands on neighboring countries, or fight for the independence of individual regions. Since the principles of the European Union prohibit territorial conflicts between member countries, nationalists support their ethnicity abroad, trying to integrate compatriots into a common economic and cultural field. Also important distinguishing features of nationalist parties in the European Union are: attitude towards migrants and ethnic minorities, skepticism about European and global institutions. It is important to note that modern nationalist parties resort to populist practices. Nationalists stigmatize the "alien", the role of which is played by representatives of other nations, and oppose the elites.

Key words: nationalism, the European Union, political parties, populism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.039

DONG ZICHAO PhD Student, The Chair of Theory and Technology of Management, the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

At the moment, international relations are evolving quite intensively, which leads to the emergence of new political and global problems. The current problems are the preservation of peace, terrorism, cybersecurity problems, negative climate changes on Earth and the preservation of the environment, uncontrolled migration of the population, the threat of cross-border epidemics. Global problems inevitably lead to a clash of interests of different countries, increasingly acquiring political overtones. The coming years will undoubtedly be problematic, since the devastating consequences of the pandemic, both human and economic, will be significant.

Key words: Global problems: peace preservation, ecology, cybersecurity, epidemics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.040

D.M. MUSIEVA PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

A NEW ROUND OF TENSION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE USA

The article analyzes the features of the current stage in the development of relations between Russia and the United States as a natural result of structural problems in world development, characterized by economic decline and the growth of socio-political contradictions both within countries and in relations between them. The regularity of these processes is determined by the fact that at the moment there is a transition from the fifth economic cycle to the sixth, which is traditionally accompanied by serious geopolitical consequences and is confirmed by facts from history. Based on this, even before the development of the Ukrainian crisis, forecasts were made about possible conflicts and clashes between the major powers for the redivision of the world. The "hybrid war" of the United States and its allies against Russia in connection with a special military operation in Ukraine is such a conflict. The transition to a new world order has now reached an acute phase of confrontation between the United States, seeking to maintain the old order, and Russia, seeking to change it.

Key words: Russian-American confrontation, Kondratiev cycles, new world order, "hybrid wars".

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.041

LI JINGYING Master's degree, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

CONFRONTATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA AND AMERICA UNDER SANCTIONS

International sanctions against Russia continue to intensify. A growing number of Western leaders, including Ukrainian President Zelensky, hope that China can use its influence over Russia to end the war in Ukraine, or at least to remain "neutral", as China itself puts it. This is one of the goals of European leaders. However, analysts argue that China will not be "neutral", much less give up on Russia. Some have even noted that in order for Russia to retain its position as Beijing's key strategic partner, "the worse Putin's position in Ukraine, the more China will support him". After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, China is trying to "bet on both sides", in the Chinese government's public expression, "to maintain neutrality. For this reason, China actively supports Russia in the fight against sanctions.

Key words: Russia, U.S., China, sanctions, fight.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.042

A.A. GUSTYR Master of International Relations, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN SOFT POWER IN THE 2008-2013 PERIOD

The article examines the evolution of the Russian soft-power influence and its broadcast channels in the 2008-2013 period. Analysing the structural and institutional basis formed for Russian soft power during this time, the author characterizes the turn to a "smart" foreign policy that occurred during the presidency of Dmitry Medvedev, identifies the main stages in its development, and assesses the degree of its success. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the measures taken by Russia were effective in a number of areas, especially with regard to the modernization and digitalization of Russian diplomacy. At the same time, there was a limitation of the achieved success due to the top-down orientation of the formed soft-power institutions.

Key words: soft power, diplomacy, modernization, information support, positioning.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.043

A.L. PROTSENKO Undergraduate of the Department of Global management and international organizations Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF PROPAGANDA IN TOTALITARIANISM

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of propaganda in totalitarianism. As a result of the study, definitions of totalitarianism and propaganda are formulated, and the main characteristic features of totalitarianism are described. It is concluded that propaganda plays a key role in totalitarian regimes and takes on a massive scale; with its help, ideology penetrates into many spheres of society. Important features of propaganda in totalitarianism were identified: the desire of propaganda to control social processes by distributing the roles of members of society in the political system, the centralized organizational structure of propaganda, the use of images that already exist in society: the image of a hero, enemy, friend.

Key words: totalitarianism, propaganda, digital totalitarianism, media and totalitarianism, manipulation of public opinion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.044

D.D. TARASOCHKINA Bachelor student of the Far East Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE COMPETITION LEADERS OF RUSSIA FROM 2017 TO 2020

Elitological problems have been formed over several centuries, transforming and changing against the backdrop of the development and transformation of political systems and processes in society. Various philosophers and thinkers of the Ancient World, the Renaissance, the Modern Age dealt with the issues of education and development of the political elite. In addition, it is important to study the process of recruiting elites as the main factor in the selection of the upper class, as well as their involvement in the formation of the modern political process in the state. Recruiting helps not only to highlight the capabilities of the ruling elite, but also to explore areas for improving their activities and forming their professional competence. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the results of the Leaders of Russia competition from 2017 to 2022. The author believes that this type of search for people involved in politics is one of the mechanisms for recruiting the Russian political elite. Comparative analysis was used as the basis for writing the research paper, which made it possible to evaluate the results of the competition over several years. The author relied on traditional theoretical principles in the study of political elites, where the works of the founders of the theory of elites G. Mosca, V. Pareto were used. Despite the fact that the contribution of scientists to the study of this issue is quite large, the elites to this day remain a rather unexplored structure.

Key words: political elite, upper class, privileged society, administrative elite, regional elite, business elite, Leaders of Russia competition, recruitment of elites, personnel reserve.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.045

K.A. KOROLKOV Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Russian Island, Ajax, Primorsky Krai, Russia

V.S. SHVYRKOV Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Russian Island, Ajax, Primorsky Krai, Russia

GOVERNANCE OF ISLAMIC EMIRATE AFGHANISTAN IN SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERE

This article analyses the socio-cultural governance of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, three areas: regulation of public life, education policy and the media are in the spotlight. It focuses on the measures taken by the new government to achieve comprehensive islamization by examining the extent and nature of the ongoing transformations and the obstacles encountered along the way, emphasising the uncertain legal status of the restrictions imposed. A special place in the context of the study focuses on the specific functioning of the line ministries and agencies responsible for the implementation of the chosen policy, concluding that there is no single coherent socio-cultural policy, and that the governance system is disorganised.

Key words: Afghanistan, governance, governance system, socio-cultural sphere, Islamic Emirate Afghanistan, Taliban.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.046

K.S. КOMAROV Student, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia

AUKUS: THE OUTLOOK OF TRILATERAL PARTNERSHIP

The article introduces in broad political discourse in the framework of current global security issues the author's comprehension of dynamically emerging new reality (illustrated by AUKUS trilateral security partnership) in Indo-Pacific region. The activation of regional formats in sort of minilateralism actualizes the project of institutionalization of the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific space is turning into the center of one of the processes that will determine the parameters of not only the regional, but also the global world order. A significant part of the planet's conflict potential density in the Indo-Pacific inevitably highlights the issues of freedom of navigation, security of sea and air communications. The location of a number of nuclear and "threshold" states sharpens nuclear proliferation problem. The formation of a new AUKUS construct is an explicit material for further development of the post-bipolar model of international relations.

Key words: AUKUS, Indo-Pacific region, geopolitics, security partnership, minilateralism, global confrontation, post-bipolar world.