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Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 11 (87), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Kamenskaya G.V. Liberalism: Classic and Postmodern

Anoshkin P.P. The State and War in the Political Philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Velikaya N.M. Ideological and Institutional Dominants of Consolidation of the Russian Society and State

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Petrov A.P., Pronchev G.B. Hybrid War Against Russia in the Context of a Special Military Operation for the Denaciification and Demilitarization of Ukraine (Analysis and Mathematical Modeling)

Yunusov F.A. Factors of Social Ill-Being and their Connection with State Policy in the Region (Udmurt Republic)

Brodskaya N.P. Artificial Intelligence – Personal Security Issues

Adams O.Y. Corruption Studies in People’s Republic of China: Theories and Approaches

Galieva S.I. The Role of Non-State Actors in Implementing State Policy of Crime Prevention

Magadiev M.F. The System of Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction (SIEV) in the Structure of the Electronic Government of the Russian Federation

Budaeva D.Ts., Donirova G.A. International (Inter-Ethnic) Consent of the Peoples of the Far Eastern Federal District: Historical and Political Aspect

Urokov B.A. Forming the Image of the Leader in the Public Service in the Conditions of the New Uzbekistan

Davydov V.N., Tuan Аnh Nguyen, Zotkina A.L. Social Networks as a Factor of Ensuring the Political Stability of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Samosyuk A.A. Trends in the Development of the Modern World Order as a Factor of Changing the Military Policy of the State

Gerasimenko A.A. The Main Channels of Dissemination of Information in the Media, Influencing Political Transformations in Modern Russia

Morugina I.N. Features of the Formation of the Political Agenda During the Election Campaign to the State Duma in 2021

Potapov D.V. Changing the Interpretations of Models of Political Regimes

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Karatueva E.N. Models of Interaction Between Public and Municipal Administration in Latin American Countries

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Areshidze L.G., Krupianko M.I. Japan: the Art of United a Nation by Gift Exchange

Surma I.V. State Sovereignty vs Policy of Digital and Technological Neocolonialism

Grinyaev S.N., Medvedev D.A. Transformation of Institutions of Multilateral Cooperation in the Arctic in New Geopolitical Conditions

Karachin I.O. The Political Status of the Russian Language in the Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union

Chaevich A.V. The Role of the New Maritime Doctrine in Ensuring its National Security

Tushkov A.A., Voron-Kovalskaya A.O. Scenario of "Integration of Integrations" of Greater Asia: the Way from the Eurasian Chord to the Formation of a Comprehensive Pan-Eurasian Platform

Chimiris E.S. Russian and Western Soft Power Strategies. Implicit vs. Explicit Knowledge

Bychkova N.S. International Humanitarian Cooperation and Human Security in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Shangaraev R.N., Grishkina A.V. Challenges and Threats of Russia's National Payment System in the Context of Deglobalization

Tian Miao. The Direction of Xi Jinping's International Policy: the Essence and Main Problems

Musaev M.T. Factors of Development of the Spiritual and Ideological Threat to Missionary Work in the Context of Globalization

Serik Aman. The Role of the CSTO and the SCO in Ensuring the Security of the Countries of Central Asia

Arshad Ghulam Kader. Ethnic Politics in Afghanistan

Ermilov N.S. The Role of the UN Secretary General in Conflict Settlement

Kuzyakin A.G. The Regional Office for Europe as the Main Actor for Who in the Eurasian Region (Program of Work and Current Activities)

Chen Hanzhi. 20th CPC Congress and Personnel Policy in the Context of the New Central Steering Group

Chzhan Chen`I. Political Cold and Economic Heat: a Study of Sino-Australian Relations

Yazan Hearbake. Features of China's Geoeconomic Strategies on the African Continent

Abdrakhimov L.G. Processes of National Security Strategy Development in Russia and China

Tsakhilova L.M. Transformation of the Concept of International Security in Modern Geopolitical Conditions

STUDENT SCIENCE

Litvinenko D.V., Volzhanin D.A., Fayzulina A.A. Electoral Systems of the UK and France: Markers of Efficiency and Representativeness

Radionova E.A. The Role of the Privy Council in the Colonial Policy of Great Britain

Smetanin M.S. On the Question of Russia's National Interests in the Conditions of the Emerging World Order

Bakanina D.A., Baranova Y.V., Leonova A.A. Prospeсts and Challenges of Economic Integration of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

Nozdrin A.A., Krazhan A.S., Shelest A.A., Tantcura M.S. Anti-Corruption Compliance Policy in the Representation of American and Western European Law

Jiang Shiwang. Language Policy of the Republic of Belarus

Our authors № 11-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.001

G. KAMENSKAYA Ph.D. (Political), Leading Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

LIBERALISM: CLASSIC AND POSTMODERN

Modern theories of gender diversity and the right of the individual to freely determine one's gender, as well as the BLM movement, which had a wide resonance in the United States and beyond, claim to be the heirs and continuers of the liberal tradition of fighting for freedom. However, in their essence they act as a radical denial of the heritage of classical Modernism in its understanding of freedom, purpose and meaning of history. The society of Modernity, with a belief in the unity of the historical destiny of mankind, is being replaced by a postmodern society that has abandoned metanarratives, putting forward the struggle for the rights of various kinds of minorities as the main political theme, the rejection of the concept of norms in culture and art, of universalization as such and, ultimately, of history, i.e. from the humanistic content of Modern.

Key words: liberalism, freedom, moral autonomy, Modern postmodern, sacral vertical, "risk society".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.002

P.P. ANOSHKIN Senior Lecturer of the Philosophy Department Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

THE STATE AND WAR IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF N.A. BERDYAEV

This article presents the views of the famous Russian thinker N.A. Berdyaev on the development and functioning of the state under conditions of preparation and waging war.

The purpose of the article is to carry out systematization and reconstruction of N.A. Berdyaev's views on the problem of correlation of the state and war, to show its relevance and significance for modern political science and philosophy. In this regard, the author of the work shows the military sphere of state life, its meaning and purpose, outlines the classification of wars proposed by N.A. Berdyaev, examines the relationship of the nature of war with the socio-political system of the state, the war is shown as a being basis, the way of implementing state interests and goals, analyzes the main directions of state policy in preparation for war put forward by N.A. Berdyaev.

To write the article the author studied the works of N.A. Berdyaev, representatives of foreign and domestic political thought and modern authors devoted to the problems of war and state. An analysis of different approaches to understanding the problem was conducted. Philosophical methods, historical and logical methods, hermeneutic, normative-value, sociological, anthropological and others were used in the course of work on the article.

In this article, the author showed that N.A. Berdyaev's approaches to understanding the relationship between the state and war are largely identical to the Marxist and rationalist methodologies.

In addition, the article shows the most important aspects of the life of the state in the preparation and conduct of the war, which, practically, have not been discussed previously in the public press.

The systematization and reconstruction of Berdyaev's approaches to understanding of the state and war carried out by the author of the article allows using its results in further research.

Key words: state and war, military policy of the state, (war), peace, capitalism, world order, morality and justice.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.003

N.M. VELIKAYA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of Science and Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

IDEOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DOMINANTS OF CONSOLIDATION OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY AND STATE

Based on the results of the sociological monitoring "How are you living, Russia?" (1995-2022), the actual foundations of the political consolidation of Russian society are revealed, which is considered as providing consensus on the attitudes of political behavior and political goals of the state.

On one hand, the analysis of the ideological priorities of Russian society allows us to make a conclusion about the eclectic worldview of modern Russians. On the other, it also represents the reproduction of the system of political values.

It is shown that the efforts made by the state to construct the concept of the Russian world influenced the assessment of actions and trust in various state and socio-political institutions. At the same time, the maximum trust that society demonstrates in relation to the presidential power is associated with the personalization of power and is not coherent with the level of trust in other political institutions.

Key words: consolidation, ideology, values, political institutions, presidential power, political parties.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.004

A.P. PETROV Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

G.B. PRONCHEV Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Sociology at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

HYBRID WAR AGAINST RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION FOR THE DENACIIFICATION AND DEMILITARIZATION OF UKRAINE (ANALYSIS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING)

The article is devoted to the problems associated with the hybrid war carried out by the collective West in the context of a special military operation for the denazification and demilitarization of Ukraine. In addition to purely military clashes, the collective West involves all non-military ("hidden") forms of warfare: covert involvement of third-party armed groups, economic and socio-humanitarian confrontation, media support, the use of destructive socio-political technologies, the use of the national issue.

The paper proposes a mathematical model of hybrid warfare combining military and non-military ("hidden") forms of confrontation between the two states. Three typical scenarios of hybrid warfare are considered: 1) an armed conflict with a full-fledged victory of one of the parties, 2) an armed conflict with a pyrrhic victory, 3) a cold war. Numerical experiments were carried out on the basis of the proposed model, showing that in the case of a military confrontation, the key variable in a hybrid war is a military resource, and in the case of a non-military one, state stability. In the latter case, low state stability leads to a decrease in both economic and military resources.

The article is of interest to specialists dealing with the problems of hybrid wars, mathematical modeling of socio-political processes.

Key words: hybrid war, mathematical modeling, hybrid war scenarios, information war, economic component of hybrid war, socio-humanitarian component of hybrid war.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.005

F.A. YUNUSOV Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, Professor Non-state educational private institution of additional professional education Russian Academy of Medical and Social Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OF SOCIAL ILL-BEING AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH STATE POLICY IN THE REGION (UDMURT REPUBLIC)

The article presents the main directions of the state regional policy in the Udmurt Republic in the context of the analysis of the factors of social disadvantage in the region. The essence of the concept of "social disadvantage" is defined. The factors of social ill-being in the Udmurt Republic are described. The analysis of regional programs of socio-economic development of the region in the field of health care and demography, family policy, prevention of negative social phenomena in children, adolescents and youth was carried out. The characteristic of regional specifics of social trouble in the Udmurt Republic is given. The problems of mismatch of indicators of social development, insufficient interdepartmental interaction of executive authorities, socio-political institutions and civil society in solving the problems of social development of the region are revealed. A set of measures is proposed to improve legislation in the field of public health protection, to introduce interdepartmental programs for the social development of the region, aimed at reducing the factors of social ill-being in the region.

Key words: social trouble, social problems, poverty, unemployment, family trouble, state policy, social programs, interdepartmental interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.006

N.P. BRODSKAYA Cand. Of Science (Politics), Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – PERSONAL SECURITY ISSUES

The study is devoted to the actual phenomenon of the modern world – artificial intelligence. The article deals with the problems of the formation and application of AI technologies in the modern social space and the possible risks of their application. Particular attention is paid to the impact of AI technologies on the formation of public opinion and political preferences based on well-known social platforms. The topical issue of the correct use of a large array of personal data in the context of the application of modern AI practices is touched upon. Some aspects of the concept of an universal basic income and the prospects for its implementation against the background of the introduction of AI technologies are analyzed.

Key words: artificial intelligence, AI technologies, deep learning, digital footprint, personal data, universal basic income.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.007

O.Y. ADAMS PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science at the Department of Global Studies, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CORRUPTION STUDIES IN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: THEORIES AND APPROACHES

Corruption studies and assessment of anticorruption efforts remain high on the political and academic agenda in the PRC. Western academia offers a wealth of approaches to study of deviant political behavior, varying from the ‘rational choice’ theory to ‘corrupting’ influence of new economic actors. In China these and many other theories are necessarily augmented with the study of political culture in combination with a single-party political system’s conditions (including the question of its’ control), maintaining the high party moral standards and efficiency of ‘clean government’ system-building. Kenneth Jowitt’s ‘organizational approach to political culture’ and Andrew Walder’s theory of ‘communist neotraditionalism’ are among the most widely known.

Key words: corruption, international problem, political culture, organizational approach, PRC, CPC, "incorruptible government", theories of corruption, "communist neo-traditionalism".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.008

S.I. GALIEVA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

THE ROLE OF NON-STATE ACTORS IN IMPLEMENTING STATE POLICY OF CRIME PREVENTION

More active participation of non-state actors in implementing various directions of states' internal policies has been a trend of last decades. The article deals with the role of non-state actors in implementing state policy of crime prevention. NGOs, expert communities, mass-media, religious bodies, volunteer militia and private security companies have been identified as main non-state actors engaged in implementing specified state policy, and pecularities of their activities in crime prevention field have been analyzed.

Key words: crime prevention, state policy of crime prevention, implementation of state policy of crime prevention, non-state actors.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.009

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and National Security Institute of Law and national security of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE SYSTEM OF INTERDEPARTMENTAL ELECTRONIC INTERACTION (SIEV) IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Currently, the Government of the Russian Federation is working on the state information platform "Electronic Government", which was created to ensure the efficiency of data processing and the organization of a system of interdepartmental electronic interaction. At the same time, this platform is constantly transforming and moving to a level that meets the requirements of the time. Artificial intelligence is used in building chains of interdepartmental interaction, and new elements of cooperation between departments are being built.

The article is aimed at assessing the system of interdepartmental electronic interaction (SIEV) in the structure of the electronic government of the Russian Federation, as well as identifying its shortcomings that hinder the work of the state apparatus of Russia.

Key words: e-government, interdepartmental electronic interaction, digitalization, management information, information system, biometrics, development prospects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.010

D.Ts. BUDAEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Management of the Buryat State University named after Dorji Banzarov Ulan-Ude, Russia

G.A. DONIROVA Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor Department of National and Federative Relations IGSU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL (INTER-ETHNIC) CONSENT OF THE PEOPLES OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECT

The article reveals the factors that had a significant impact on the formation of interethnic (interethnic) consent of the peoples of Transbaikalia and Buryatia at the stage of the first meetings of European pioneers and the autochthonous population. It is emphasized that the skills of sustainable interaction between the peoples of the studied regions, laid down during their initial contacts, have turned into skills for the stability of interethnic relations.

The paper states that the norms and standards of a calm perception of the dichotomy "We" and "They", originally laid down in Buryatia and Transbaikalia, were transferred to the southern part of the Far East. The main conductors of this process were the Cossacks, the plowed peasantry and the Old Believers, who lived for a number of centuries in Transbaikalia and Buryatia, and resettled to the East of the country as part of the migration policy of the Russian state in the second half of the 19th century.

The article concludes that the foundations of interethnic (interethnic) harmony, formed at the beginning in Transbaikalia and Buryatia and then transformed into the southern regions of the Far East, currently play a large role in maintaining the ethnopolitical stability of the Far Eastern Federal District, located in the area of geopolitical interests five foreign countries.

Key words: interethnic (interethnic) harmony, interethnic relations, Far East, Far Eastern Federal District, Transbaikalia, Buryatia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.011

B.A. UROKOV Head of department of the Republican spiritual and educational center of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE LEADER IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NEW UZBEKISTAN

The article considers the image of the head of the civil service not as a mechanical set of unique features of the individual, but as a stereotyped image of the head, i.e. a fusion of its socially typical properties. When it comes to image, the obligatory presence of people who perceive this quality is implied. An image is an actively created idea of oneself among others. At the same time, the process of perception depends on the characteristics of both the bearer of the image and the social groups on which this impact is directed. Their relationship is a certain interaction, manifested in evaluating each other and changing any characteristics.

Key words: image, leader, head, function, society, democracy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.012

V.N. DAVYDOV Candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for modern policy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

TUAN АNH NGUYEN Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

A.L. ZOTKINA Master of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING THE POLITICAL STABILITY OF THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

The subject of the study is the analysis of the role of social networks as a factor in ensuring the political stability of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The authors of the article prove the importance of studying political stability in Vietnam. It was found out that social media is a communicative and information technology and analyzed the key trends in the functioning of social media as a mechanism of political stability in modern Vietnamese society. Having defined the concept and importance of this phenomenon, an example of the involvement of society in destabilizing political processes due to the use of social networks is shown. Based on the analysis of the degree of involvement of users of social networks, the central dilemma of political stability in modern Vietnamese society is proved.

The novelty of the research consists in the generalization of political science, sociological and psychological concepts of political stability, characterizing the impact of the media on the stability of the political system. Through the prism of the analysis of the information and communication subsystem of the Vietnamese political system, the necessity of systematically informing the population about the activities of state authorities, political forces and comprehensive objective coverage of the problems of society and their solutions is proved. The conclusions and recommendations of the study can be used in the activities of state and municipal structures for working with the media, and can also serve as a basis for adjusting the information policy of both state and public structures.

Key words: Vietnam, Internet users, social networks, political stability, involvement of respondents, stability of the political system, involvement of users of social networks, political processes, the role of social networks in political processes, information and communication subsystem of the Vietnamese political system, Vietnamese society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.013

A.A. SAMOSYUK Research Associate, Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN WORLD ORDER AS A FACTOR OF CHANGING THE MILITARY POLICY OF THE STATE

The article discusses the current aspects of the transformation of the modern world order from the perspective of changing the balance of power between key geopolitical players. The purpose of the article is to analyze the significance of the process of geopolitical changes and the evolution of the world order for the further development of the military policy of the Russian state. In accordance with this goal, the article solves the tasks of specifying the key trends in the development of the current military-political situation of the world, analyzes the factors of transformation of the world order, determines their significance for the evolution of the military policy of the state. Based on the apparatus of general scientific methods (analysis, system method, inductive-deductive approach), as well as the method of event analysis, the article examines the characteristics of the current military-political situation in the world, which is the starting point for the construction of the state's military policy. As a result, conclusions are drawn that the high risk-taking significance of modern geopolitical processes for ensuring the national security of the Russian state. The development of the world community is undergoing qualitative changes. With a considerable degree of confidence, it can be assumed that humanity is on the threshold of a new cycle of geopolitical transformation of the world order. This can lead to the chaoticization of the previously established system of international relations. Conceptualization of the military policy of the Russian Federation at the present time should be carried out taking into account the current trends of transformation of the modern world order, which is in a state of transit from a monocentric model (unipolarity) to a polycentric (multipolarity).

Key words: geopolitics, military power, national security, military-political situation, balance of power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.014

A.А. GERASIMENKO Graduate student, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Omsk, Russia

THE MAIN CHANNELS OF DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION IN THE MEDIA, INFLUENCING POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN MODERN RUSSIA

The rapid processes of digitalization are spreading to all spheres of human life, the political processes of modern Russia are also subject to these changes, so the question of the relevance of the influence of the media through various channels of information dissemination in the context of digitalization is quite acute. Of particular interest are the issues of the influence of Internet media on political transformations in the country, at present this area is in the process of development, but a certain practice of using Internet media in politics has already developed. However, this issue remains little studied, in particular, few works are devoted to the topic of the influence of Internet media on political processes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of information dissemination channels in the media on political transformations in the country. The objectives of the study are: analysis of information distribution channels in the media and determination of their degree of influence on the political transformations of modern Russia. The research methods used in solving the research tasks are as follows: analysis and synthesis, comparison and systematization, observation. According to the results of the study, it was found that television and the Internet have a significant impact on the political transformations of modern Russia, however, despite the fact that television has always been the leading channel for distributing information in the political sphere, in recent years, priorities have changed in favor of the Internet media. The conclusions obtained from studies of independent news agencies, Internet portals, communities and instant messengers made it possible to establish a high degree of influence on political processes in the country.

Key words: media, media functions, traditional media, online media, information distribution channels, political transformations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.015

I.N. MORUGINA Postgraduate, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE POLITICAL AGENDA DURING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN TO THE STATE DUMA IN 2021

This article discusses the features of the formation of the political agenda during the election campaign to the State Duma in 2021. It is noted that a change in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in terms of the terms of office of the President of the Russian Federation had a special impact on this process, as well as on the entire election campaign in 2021. In addition, the dominance of the official point of view in public discourse during this period did not contribute to the emergence of balanced and alternative options for solving complex problems as priority political issues. It is concluded that the main features of the formation of the political agenda during the election campaign to the State Duma in 2021 should include: firstly, the monopoly role of the presidency in its formation; secondly, the inability of political parties to independently influence the process of its formation; thirdly, the dependence of the political agenda on situational factors of its formation and the point of view of the executive branch on these factors.

Key words: politics, political agenda, election campaign, President of the Russian Federation, State Duma, political parties, executive power, political discourse.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.016

D.V. POTAPOV Postgraduate student of the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

CHANGING THE INTERPRETATIONS OF MODELS OF POLITICAL REGIMES

The article reveals the terminological meaning of the concepts and models of political regimes. The purpose of the article is to contribute to a better understanding of the models and types of political regimes depending on the time, country and alignment of political forces. A variety of interpretations of political regimes reveals their significant transformation, political relations, political cooperation, complex and conflict strategies. The terms "republic", "democracy", "dictatorship" and "authoritarianism" appeared in literature in the middle of the 18th century, however, these terms often had a completely different meaning. Therefore, the comparison of changing interpretations and scientific discourse in the assessment of political regimes should contribute to the development of more accurate ideas about the directions of political processes in various regions of the world.

Key words: political regime, autocracy, totalitarianism, democracy, power, management.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.017

E.N. KARATUEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia

MODELS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Local self-government in Latin American countries demonstrates the specific features of the interaction of the governing structures of the local political bureaucracy with public authorities. The continental and Iberian systems of local self-government formed in the countries of the region are expressed in building a centralized vertical of power relations at all administrative levels.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of evolution of democratic changes in the system of local self-government of the Latin American continent and the emerging hierarchy in state-municipal relations.

Key words: Latin America, public administration, local government, municipal government, mayor, alcalde.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.018

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor at ISAA Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of political sciences, Leading researcher Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

JAPAN: THE ART OF UNITED A NATION BY GIFT EXCHANGE

On the example of the traditional national Japanese custom of exchanging gifts with each other, the article discusses the features of the implementation of the social phenomenon of nation rallying. Such a tradition, rooted in the foundations of interpersonal relations in society, is woven from the ideals of Confucianism, Shintoism, Buddhism and, to a certain extent, Christianity. In many countries of the world, after natural disasters, earthquakes, fires, floods, various kinds of marauders begin to actively operate, there are rampant robberies of what the inhabitants still have in their destroyed houses, chaos and lawlessness ensue. There is nothing like this in Japan – there is not a single report of looting or robbery in the media.

Moreover, somewhere the owners of grocery stores even reduce the prices of food products, and the owners of vending machines selling food and water generally open them for general use. The Japanese help each other, bask together by the fires, fairly share food among themselves, give each other a place in the queue.

This behavior can be explained by the special nature of interpersonal relationships in Japanese society. Firstly, the Japanese feel they are "in the same boat", every Japanese knows that he is part of a single social system, a certain social group, which corresponds to a certain style of behavior in it. In Japan, it is not customary, for example, to demonstrate your condition or draw attention to your feelings – when you feel bad, hold on and do not show it. Secondly, the country has a low crime rate, an effective police force and a humane punishment system that tries to return the stumbled person back to normal society, and not harm him through punishment.

And the main thing, of course, is that the Japanese feel themselves to be a single people – not in words, not in slogans, but in deeds. A united, close-knit Japanese nation is psychologically accustomed to defending itself from the inside, using its traditional methods, trying to lend a shoulder to its neighbor in difficult times, express sympathy, and deliver, among other things, the joy of giving gifts. The donation mechanism is described in detail in this article.

Key words: unity of the nation, the formation of interpersonal relations, the tradition of taking care of each other, the ritual of exchanging gifts, the duty to express one's gratitude, New Year's cards "nengadze", set expressions when writing "nengadze", rules for exchanging gifts on special mourning occasions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.019

I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia

STATE SOVEREIGNTY VS POLICY OF DIGITAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL NEOCOLONIALISM

The peculiarity of the definition of state and digital sovereignty is emphasized. The specifics of the state confrontation in the international arena are noted, which is manifested in its hybrid nature, and in the conditions of financial, technological and digital neocolonization of a significant number of countries of the world, the struggle for recognition of technical standards created by individual states and large corporations is unfolding on more technologically-oriented international platforms, which exacerbates the problem of ensuring the digital sovereignty of the modern state.

The intensive introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into international and socio-political practice, as well as technological solutions based on algorithms of self-learning neural networks, deserves special consideration.

Key words: Digital sovereignty, cybersecurity, NATO, artificial intelligence, technological sovereignty, Internet, Russia, state sovereignty, China, USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.020

S.N. GRINYAEV Doctor of Technical Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of Integrated Security of the Fuel and Energy Complex of National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Russia

D.A. MEDVEDEV Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of MSLU, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF MULTILATERAL COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC IN NEW GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS

The article discusses the impact of the growing geopolitical confrontation on the transformation of institutions of multilateral cooperation in the Arctic region. The authors attempt to identify and systematize the main trends of institutional changes in the region, as well as to determine the role and place of the Arctic Council in the new geopolitical conditions. The strategies of the key powers in the Arctic and their strategic aspirations towards international institutions in the region are also described, as well as the analysis of the influence of the geopolitical agenda on the nature of international cooperation in the region is carried out. In addition, the authors predict the conditions caused by the institutional crisis of the Arctic Council and other key regional organizations, including the strengthening of the role of non-Arctic states and the politicization of international institutions. It is stated that the legal provisions regulating the activities of the Arctic Council and their focus on excluding the influence of the political agenda on the functioning of the institute. Despite this fact, there is an intensification of the activities of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, in this regard, the threat of militarization of the Arctic region, as well as the isolation of the largest Arctic power from representing its interests in the international stage, without the enforcement of its voting rights, decision-making within the Arctic Council and other regional organizations is not possible.

Key words: Arctic, international institutions, regional cooperation, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.021

I.O. KARACHIN Head of Staff, Communications Director-Agency for strategic initiatives; Candidate of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE POLITICAL STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

This article analyzes the political status of the Russian language in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. We are talking about the Russian language as the main way of interethnic communication within the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on a detailed study of the purpose of the creation of the EAEU, the main areas of interethnic communication, both official and unofficial interaction, were identified. During the analysis of the regulatory legal acts of the EAEU, the procedure for the use of language and language formalities in the presented area has been established. The author pays special attention to historical and political-social facts in the process of development of the EAEU, as a basis for forming the language environment.

Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, Russian language, interethnic communication, Russian Federation, EAEU.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.022

A.V. CHAEVICH Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Maritime Law and International Law, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Law Institute, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE NEW MARITIME DOCTRINE IN ENSURING ITS NATIONAL SECURITY

This article analyzes the role of the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation in 2022 as a strategic planning document defining the state policy in the field of maritime activities in ensuring its national security. The new Maritime Doctrine took into account important changes and new trends in the international situation that affect the interests of the Russian Federation in the oceans. The key provision of the Doctrine was the definition and classification of Russia's national interests, as well as the identification of the main threats and challenges to ensure it. In order to protect national interests in maritime activities, the Maritime Doctrine assumes the expansion of Russia's economic, research and naval presence in various areas of the World.

Key words: Maritime doctrine of the Russian Federation, national interests, vital interests, threats and risks to national security in maritime activities, military force, navy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.023

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

A.O. VORON-KOVALSKAYA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

SCENARIO OF "INTEGRATION OF INTEGRATIONS" OF GREATER ASIA: THE WAY FROM THE EURASIAN CHORD TO THE FORMATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PAN-EURASIAN PLATFORM

In this article, the authors addressed an urgent problem – the policy of forming a comprehensive pan – Eurasian platform in the Eurasian space of Greater Asia. Increasingly, the attention of politicians and scientists is attracted by the Indo-Pacific region, which is considered to be more prospective than the Asia-Pacific region. The Indo-Pacific region refers to the vast expanse of the sea, including the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Active attention caused by several factors: the growing influence of India on the world economy and the need for its incorporation into the processes of the Asia-Pacific region, the increase in maritime trade flows and the demand for transport routes of the Indian Ocean, the interpenetration of the spheres of influence of China and India. The concept of «Indo-Pacifica» reflects the increased geopolitical role of the Indian Ocean in global politics. Today, the Indo-Pacific region, especially, attracts the attention of three countries fighting for leadership in it: USA, China, India. India's interest in this region is conditioned by geographical and economic reasons, however, there are a number of factors preventing the state from succeeding in the issue of dominance. One of these factors is the need to compete with the stronger economies of the USA and China, which are also interested in their presence and control over the main processes.

Key words: APR, the concept of the «Indo-Pacific region», Indo-Pacific Economic Framework Strategy, USA, China, India, SCO, ASEAN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.024

E.S. CHIMIRIS Candidate of Political Sciences, researcher, Department of Global Issues, INION RAN; director, Center for social and political studies, IIRIP VAVT, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN AND WESTERN SOFT POWER STRATEGIES. IMPLICIT VS. EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE

The article attempts to apply the typology of knowledge acquisition processes to the analysis of the features of the application of "soft power" methods by Russia and Western countries. Given the fact that the “soft power” tools are connected, among other things, with an attempt to influence the creation of a certain model of political culture in another country, the authors conclude that the reason for the differences in approaches to “soft power” lies primarily in the features social modeling methods. We take the concept of political culture of V.M. Sergeev and N.I. Biryukov, as a theoretical basis. Political culture includes ontology, values, and practices. It is also supplemented by a conceptual distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge, which allows us to propose a typology according to the type of transmission of political culture in the framework of the application of “soft power” policy. The authors conclude that the Russian “soft power” is primarily focused on implicit transfer of values, while the Western world focuses on the explicit transfer of practices. In the first case, the assessment of specific results is difficult due to the inability to operationalize the process of knowledge transfer, as well as to reliably identify the fact of obtaining knowledge by simple methods. A possible way out of this situation could be a reorientation of the Russian approach to “soft power” towards explicit translation of practices.

Key words: “soft power”, post-Soviet space, political culture, implicit knowledge, performance evaluation, Russia, USA, European Union.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.025

N.S. BYCHKOVA Lecturer, Faculty of Global Studie Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION AND HUMAN SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has had an impact on all spheres of human life and society, including the security sector. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is a biogenic challenge on a global scale, the purpose of the article is to identify possible tools to ensure human security in the context of the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of the article are to analyze the essence of the concept of human security, its place in modern international relations; to identify the tools that would contribute to reducing the negative effects of the pandemic on human security at the international level. The analysis of documents and scientific articles made it possible to trace the formation and evolution of the concept of human security, to come to the conclusion that a possible tool for ensuring human security is the further development of international humanitarian cooperation on an equal and mutually beneficial basis. The article highlights the most significant barriers and negative factors hindering the development of international humanitarian cooperation to ensure human security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most significant negative factor is the lack of coordination of the efforts of individual States on a global scale.

Key words: human security, international humanitarian cooperation, COVID-19, pandemic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.026

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A.V. GRISHKINA Master’s Degree Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF RUSSIA'S NATIONAL PAYMENT SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF DEGLOBALIZATION

Currently, the world economy is being reformatted. After the end of World War II, as world trade developed as part of the intensification of international relations, which occurred mainly due to the expansion of transport and logistics capabilities due to scientific and technological progress, the world economy became more and more global.

Key words: Russia, NPS, World, deglobalization, payment systems, sanctions, SWIFT.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.027

TIAN MIAO Ph.D., graduate student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, RUDN, Moscow, Russia

THE DIRECTION OF XI JINPING'S INTERNATIONAL POLICY: THE ESSENCE AND MAIN PROBLEMS

The international policy built by Xi Jinping has a strong cultural basis for the development of the Chinese nation. Since 2013, the state has been actively taking the vector of its development in the international arena in the direction of optimizing economic, political, social and other relations. The simultaneous direction of development of the whole world must be correlated with the general prosperity of the state, preserving values and increasing its own power through the commitment of socialism with Chinese specifics.

The article presents a brief analysis of the origins of modern international policy with a focus on its reformation in the XXI century. The current principles of China's international policy are considered to form a conclusion regarding the chosen direction of Xi Jinping's international policy, which leads to the development of the state.

Key words: China, Xi Jinping, politics, development, international development, problems, prospects.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.028

M.T. MUSAEV Independent researcher Institute for Social and Spiritual Research at the Republican Center for Spirituality and Education, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPIRITUAL AND IDEOLOGICAL THREAT TO MISSIONARY WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

This article analyzes the ideas of the globalization of the missionary classification. The article also discusses the classification of the principles of classification of missionary mechanisms in the context of globalization on the basis of the relevant areas of the state and society, the features of the historical genesis of the basic concepts of missiology are actualized in modern discussions on missionary service. The article also notes that missionary work and proselytism are currently manifested as a form of expansion in accordance with geopolitical theory. The growing number of ideological platforms where missionary and proselytized movements have become more active in the XXI century makes it clear that the prevention and elimination of these movements is one of the most acute problems in a number of countries around the world.

Key words: globalization, spirituality, idea, ideology, missionary work, security, stability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.029

SERIK AMAN Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE CSTO AND THE SCO IN ENSURING THE SECURITY OF THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

The article shows that increasing cooperation between such regional structures as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) could set new standards for military-political interaction and play a stabilizing role in the development of the situation in Central Asia, as well as would help form an effective partnership to respond to new challenges and threats in this region. It is emphasized that the most important priority for Russia remains the preservation of the sovereignty of the states - allies in the CSTO, the EAEU and the CIS, as well as their ability to independently make foreign policy decisions based on all geopolitical factors. The author states the fact that in the Eurasian space the process of creating socio-economic relations has actually begun according to the formula "prosperity in the unity of diversity", based on the principles of expediency, mutual assistance and mutual respect.

Key words: International security, SCO, Central Asia, CSTO, international relations, CIS, Russia, Regional security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.030

ARSHAD GHULAM KADER Postgraduate student of the department of history of state and law Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ETHNIC POLITICS IN AFGHANISTAN

Given the ongoing war in Afghanistan, whenever the issue of "ethnicity" is raised, different opinions and ideas come to mind. On the one hand, there are many journalists such as Ahmed Rashid, as well as researchers such as and politicians such as Colin Powell and Yushka Fischer, who describe the conflict in Afghanistan as ethnic. On the other hand, most Afghan politicians always deny this important issue because of their origins and ethnic ties. Against this background, in this article I intend to discuss the concept of ethnicity and its implications for the structure of the future system of Afghanistan.

Based on the hypothesis that ethnicity is the dominant trend in the Afghan conflict, it can be said that the peace and government process that emerged at the Petersburg-Ben conference in November 2001 was based on an ethnic approach. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the ethnicity of each political actor. In contrast to this approach, I strongly recommend that efforts be made in rebuilding political institutions to avoid inciting ethnicity in the political arena. The practice of ethnocentrism and ethnic quotas in the future government of Afghanistan will exacerbate the fragile and critical situation in Afghanistan instead of promoting sustainable peace. In this article, my main argument is that ethnic groups cannot be seen as effective and useful sources of unity and solidarity in Afghanistan. We must not forget that ethnicization took place during the wars in Afghanistan, but the nation-building of the masses was always unsuccessful. It is not too late to curb the abuse of ethnicity in the political reconstruction of Afghanistan rather than promoting ethnicity as a "solution".

Key words: Nationality, Politics, Religion, Government, War, Afghan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.031

N.S. ERMILOV Postgraduate Student, Department of Foreign Regional Studies and International Cooperation, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE UN SECRETARY GENERAL IN CONFLICT SETTLEMENT

Conflicts arising at the global level are often of an international nature and are accompanied by the emergence of disagreements, which, according to the UN Charter, can only be resolved peacefully by the UN Secretary-General, guided by the exclusion of possible global threats, which is enshrined in the purposes of the UN Charter regarding the peaceful resolution of international disputes, the continuation of which could threaten the maintenance of international peace and security. The purpose of the study is to study the role of the UN Secretary General in conflict resolution. The objectives of the study include: to consider the functions of the UN Secretary General in conflict resolution, to systematize the main achievements of officials who held the post of UN Secretary General at different times. The research methods were analysis, generalization, systematization of scientific sources on the research problem.

The article reveals the capabilities of UN bodies in solving world conflicts, the regulatory component of the elements of law focused on the resolution of international disputes and the maintenance of international peace and security, as well as the importance of the work of the UN Secretaries-General since the establishment of this organization, including the contents of the UN Archive.

Key words: UN secretariat structure, United Nations, government delegations, UN Secretary General, UN Member States, traditional concepts.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.032

A.G. KUZYAKIN Ph.D. candidate, Humanities Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE AS THE MAIN ACTOR FOR WHO IN THE EURASIAN REGION (PROGRAM OF WORK AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES)

Goals: Study of the current activities of the Regional Office for Europe, as the main subject of the World Health Organization in the Eurasian region.

Tasks: 1) Identification of the priorities of WHO, its representative offices in the Eurasian region; 2) Analysis of the work program of the E Bureau; 3) Review of current WHO-Europe activities.

Methodology: A systematic approach, analysis of WHO's activities in the Eurasian region within a single organizational structure. Methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, differentiation and comparison.

Results: The current program of the Regional Office for Europe has been formed taking into account the most pressing challenges and in the context of common priorities previously approved by WHO itself. The practical expression of the principles and tasks outlined in it is the work of the European Bureau, implemented today, directly related to the priorities outlined in the program.

In the process of formalized work, WHO-Europe continued to work on establishing global and regional partnerships with a wide range of organizations

Conclusions: The WHO Regional Office for Europe covers the most extensive region of Eurasia and includes 53 States in Europe and Central Asia. Its current priorities and real activities are focused on ensuring health. This makes it possible to influence different spheres of government activity, and to develop a wide range of partnerships. Accompanied by a good positive dynamics of its performance indicators in the region, the European Regional.

Key words: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Eurasian region, international actors, program of work.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.033

CHEN HANZHI Intern at the Chinese Institute of International Studies, China

20TH CPC CONGRESS AND PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CENTRAL STEERING GROUP

This article is devoted to the analysis of the personnel decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPC of China, which seems to be an important aspect in the context of the expansion of the political and economic influence of the PRC. The Communist Party maintains its leading role in Chinese society, having strengthened organizationally and ideologically over a century of existence. The central political elite (the top leadership) of the CPC forms the internal and external course of the state, the personality of the most significant positions, their specifics and changes in key characteristics are essential, so the study of this area is important when analyzing the political elite as a subject of world politics.

Key words: political elite, global politics, PRC, foreign policy course, key positions, political comparison.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.034

CHZHAN CHEN`I Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL COLD AND ECONOMIC HEAT: A STUDY OF SINO-AUSTRALIAN RELATIONS

This article examines the causes of the “political cold and economic heat” in Sino-Australian relations, analyzes certain areas of bilateral relations. The study aims to determine the motives for the expansion of China's influence in the South Pacific region. The identified problems and trends of China's foreign policy in the context of relations with Australia and island countries in the current political moment actualize this issue from the point of view of global security and internal political stability. The obtained result of the study allows us to determine the main attitudes in the international courses of island countries and predict the trend of development of Sino-Australian relations in the future and after the new Labor government comes to power.

Key words: international relations, Sino-Australian relations, political interaction, South Pacific region, security, geopolitical influence.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.035

YAZAN HEARBAKE Graduate student of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF CHINA'S GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT

China views Africa as the centerpiece of a project to sustain the growth and development of China's economy in the long term, as Africa is an important source of China's resource supply with its growing demand for raw materials.

The article presents the characteristics of China's geo-economic strategies on the African continent.

The importance of Africa lies in China's desire to strengthen its economic influence in a globalized world that is moving towards a transformation of the economic system.

Purpose: Analysis of China's geo-economic strategies in Africa and identification of the most important tools and technologies that it uses to expand its influence on the African continent.

Key words: geo-economic strategies, America, Africa, China, mineral wealth and raw materials.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.036

L.G. ABDRAKHIMOV Candidate of science degree, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

PROCESSES OF NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA AND CHINA

The article examines the peculiarities of national security strategy development processes in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The author notes that the processes of developing national security strategies include such aspects as the analysis of foreign and domestic policy, the definition of targets, the study of the main vulnerable "points" of the states in terms of damage from outside, the development of strategic objectives and vectors of movement to them.

Key words: national security strategy, Russia PRC, development processes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.037

L.M. TSAKHILOVA PhD student, Department of Comparative Political Science, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IN MODERN GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS

The destabilization of the world order, the intensification of the struggle between the poles of power, the escalation and transformation of international military conflicts, which includes the hybridization of wars, the weakening of the role of the institute of international law, the emergence of new centers of power, led to a crisis of the international security system. In modern geopolitical conditions, with all the challenges and threats facing the world community, security factors, in particular international security, are becoming priorities on the political agenda of States. International security has long acquired a comprehensive character, and of course the security of each individual State is inextricably linked with the security of the international community as a whole. The article examines the historical component of the formation of the concept of security, and also pays attention to the factors influencing the transformation of the concept of security in the current political conditions.

Key words: international security, globalization, international law.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.038

D.V. LITVINENKO Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. VOLZHANIN Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. FAYZULINA Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

ELECTORAL SYSTEMS OF THE UK AND FRANCE: MARKERS OF EFFICIENCY AND REPRESENTATIVENESS

The article studies the electoral systems of Great Britain and France from the standpoint of efficiency and representativeness. The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of using foreign experience in Russian practice based on the analysis of the electoral systems used during the parliamentary elections in the UK and France. The conceptual framework for the study has been developed. The analysis of electoral systems used in the course of parliamentary elections in Great Britain and France has been carried out. The results of the analysis of electoral systems have been interpreted. The practical significance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that the results of the analysis can be applied in Russian practice for holding elections at the federal level. It is noted that for the effectiveness of popular representation in the legislature, the principle of representing different political interests and social groups must be observed; the main factors contributing to the formation of a two-party system: the phenomenon of polarization and the phenomenon of underrepresentation. It was revealed that in the UK the majority system of relative majority, which is one of the simplest in Europe, occupies the most important place; during the parliamentary elections in France, there is a majoritarian electoral system of an absolute majority, which in the long run contributes to the political polarization of society and the formation of two large party coalitions. It is concluded that the two-party system, achieved in a free and democratic way with the help of a majoritarian electoral system, makes it possible to achieve effective popular representation and increase the level of political competition. This approach can also be applied in Russia, which will increase the effectiveness of federal elections.

Key words: majoritarian electoral system, proportional electoral system, Great Britain, France, Russia, parliamentary elections, change of power, popular representation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.039

E.A. RADIONOVA Student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL IN THE COLONIAL POLICY OF GREAT BRITAIN

This article is devoted to determining the impact of the Privy Council on British colonial policy. The study aims at a comprehensive analysis of the functions of the Privy Council and its place in the structure of British politics. The relevance of the study is due to the small number of works that can be found on the chosen topic, although the influence of the Privy Council can hardly be underestimated both in the modern politics of Great Britain and in the retrospective. The paper examines the context of British colonial policy in the period from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, its powers and, in particular, appellate jurisdiction both during the heyday of the colonial empire and during the formation of the Commonwealth of Nations. The prospects of the Privy Council in the era of neo-colonial tendencies are analyzed. To achieve the goals set, methods of analyzing theoretical studies were used, as well as a systematic analysis of official sources of the British government. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in determining the influence of the Privy Council on British colonial policy and indicating the possibility of using British heritage to strengthen the culture of neo-colonialism. The analysis showed that starting from the end of the 17th century, the Privy Council had a huge influence on the overseas territories of the British Empire. However, there is already a crisis in the executive power of the Privy Council, which nevertheless does not detract from its institutional influence on British foreign policy. The presented analysis may be useful to a wide range of readers, including those interested in the study of British colonial policy.

Key words: the Privy Council, Great Britain, colonial policy, the Judicial Committee, Commonwealth of Nations, neo-colonialism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.040

M.S. SMETANIN Undergraduate of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF RUSSIA'S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EMERGING WORLD ORDER

In the proposed publication, the author defines the actual national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of the transition of international relations to the regime of multipolarity and the loss of the US and Western countries of the position of the world military-political and cultural-ideological hegemon. Setting the goal of a clear designation of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of strengthening the sovereignty, territorial integrity and restoration of the "Russian World" on linguistic, ethnic and religious grounds, the author defines national interests in the most general form as a set of conditional needs and inalienable values of a historically established, united sociocultural ties and the social community organized into the state, the satisfaction and protection of which is objectively necessary for the future existence and development of the state. As practical measures necessary for the implementation of the interests indicated in the article at the global level, the implementation of a completely independent and independent policy, a more active participation of the country in international associations and organizations, and the achievement of economic sovereignty are indicated. In conclusion, it is concluded that the national interests of Russia should be based on the preservation and enhancement of the demographic potential, strengthening the internal and external security and defense capability of the state, sustainable economic, scientific and technological development.

Key words: national interests, unipolarity, multipolarity, sovereignty, democratization, special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.041

D.A. BAKANINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Y.V. BARANOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. LEONOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

PROSPEСTS AND CHALLENGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus historically had sufficient prerequisites for successful integration. Both the cultural and historical proximity of the two peoples and the similarity of approaches to economic management contributed to its integration. 2022 has particularly vividly demonstrated the importance of strengthening economic cooperation between states on the basis of the Union State in the face of severe sanctions and pressure from the collective West. This article describes and analyzes the history of the formation and development of the Union State of Russia and Belarus after the collapse of the USSR, and also considers further prospects for the dynamics of Russian-Belarusian integration.

Key words: Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Union State, Eastern Partnership, collective West, economic cooperation, Russian-Belarusian integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.042

A.A. NOZDRIN Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.S. KRAZHAN Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. SHELEST Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.S. TANTCURA Scientific adviser, candidate of political sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia

ANTI-CORRUPTION COMPLIANCE POLICY IN THE REPRESENTATION OF AMERICAN AND WESTERN EUROPEAN LAW

The search for a way to protect Russian companies from risks will always be relevant. In particular, compliance is a fairly new method of protection against corruption risks, which in Russia has not yet been fully introduced into the internal control system of many large companies. For its more correct implementation in the anti-corruption legislation of Russia, it is necessary to understand exactly what compliance is as a system in American and Western European legal theory, where compliance was established as a method of combating corruption at the end of the last century.

Key words: compliance, anti-corruption compliance, compliance system, anti-corruption legislation, Special Military Operation, compliance control.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.87.11.043

JIANG SHIWANG Master's Degree Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China

LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

In the article, the author examines the current trends of language policy in the Republic of Belarus in the context of the formation of international relations and the development of society within the country. The state's language policy is considered taking into account the implementation of national and international projects on the example of Belarusian-Russian and Belarusian-Chinese cooperation, as well as the organization of interaction with a number of other countries.

The paper analyzes not only the content of the language policy in Belarus, but also determines the prospects for the transformation of various spheres of public life, taking into account national priorities and the participation of the language component in them.

Key words: language policy, national identity, international cooperation, language situation, bilingualism, language barrier.

OUR AUTHORS

ABDRAKHIMOV L.G. – Candidate of science degree, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.

ADAMS O.Y. – PhD, Associate Professor of Political Science at the Department of Global Studies, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

ANOSHKIN P.P. – Senior Lecturer of the Philosophy Department Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

ARESHIDZE L.G. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor at ISAA Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

ARSHAD GHULAM KADER – Postgraduate student of the department of history of state and law Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

BAKANINA D.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BARANOVA Y.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BRODSKAYA N.P. – Cand. Of Science (Politics), Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

BUDAEVA D.TS. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Management of the Buryat State University named after Dorji Banzarov, Ulan-Ude, Russia.

BYCHKOVA N.S. – Lecturer, Faculty of Global Studie, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

CHAEVICH A.V. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Maritime Law and International Law, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Law Institute, Moscow, Russia.

CHEN HANZHI – Intern at the Chinese Institute of International Studies, China.

CHIMIRIS E.S. – Candidate of Political Sciences, researcher, Department of Global Issues, INION RAN; director, Center for social and political studies, IIRIP VAVT, Moscow, Russia.

CHZHAN CHEN`I – Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

DAVYDOV V.N. – Candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for modern policy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.

DONIROVA G.A. – Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Department of National and Federative Relations IGSU RANEPA, Moscow, Russia.

ERMILOV N.S. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Foreign Regional Studies and International Cooperation, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Institute of Public Administration and Management, Moscow, Russia.

FAYZULINA A.A. – Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia.

GALIEVA S.I. – Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia.

GERASIMENKO A.A. – Graduate student, University of World Civilizations named after V.V. Zhirinovsky, Omsk, Russia.

GRINYAEV S.N. – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of Integrated Security of the Fuel and Energy Complex of National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Russia.

GRISHKINA A.V. – Master’s Degree Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

JIANG SHIWANG – Master's Degree, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China.

JIANG SHIWANG – Master's Degree, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, China.

KAMENSKAYA G.V. – Ph.D. (Political), Leading Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

KARACHIN I.O. – Head of Staff, Communications Director-Agency for strategic initiatives; Candidate of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

KARATUEVA E.N. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

KRAZHAN A.S. – Student of the Department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

KRUPIANKO M.I. – Doctor of political sciences, Leading researcher Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia.

KUZYAKIN A.G. – Ph.D. candidate, Humanities Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

LEONOVA A.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

LITVINENKO D.V. – Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia.

MAGADIEV M.F. – Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and National Security Institute of Law and national security of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

MEDVEDEV D.A. – Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of MSLU, Moscow, Russia.

MORUGINA I.N. – Postgraduate, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

MUSAEV M.T. – Independent researcher, Institute for Social and Spiritual Research at the Republican Center for Spirituality and Education, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

NOZDRIN A.A. – Student of the Department of Political Science Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

PETROV A.P. – Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

POTAPOV D.V. – Postgraduate student of the Institute of Social and Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

PRONCHEV G.B. – Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Sociology at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

RADIONOVA E.A. – Student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

SAMOSYUK A.A. – Research Associate, Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SERIK AMAN – Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SHANGARAEV R.N. – Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SHELEST A.A. – Student of the Department of Political Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

SMETANIN M.S. – Undergraduate of the Russian Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

SURMA I.V. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

TANTCURA M.S. – Candidate of political sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia.

TIAN MIAO – Ph.D., graduate student, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, RUDN, Moscow, Russia.

TSAKHILOVA L.M. – PhD student, Department of Comparative Political Science, faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

TUAN АNH NGUYEN – Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.

TUSHKOV A.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.

UROKOV B.A. – Head of department of the Republican spiritual and educational center of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

VELIKAYA N.M. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of Science and Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

VOLZHANIN D.A. – Student of the Far East federal university, Vladivostok, Russia.

VORON-KOVALSKAYA A.O. – Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia.

YAZAN HEARBAKE – Graduate student of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia.

YUNUSOV F.A. – Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, Professor Non-state educational private institution of additional professional education Russian Academy of Medical and Social Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia.

ZOTKINA A.L. – Master of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 10 (86), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Furman F.P., Krasilnikov S.V. Globalism and Multiculturalism and their Crisis

Chemshit D.A. Political Modernization as an Object of Scientific Research

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Ryazantsev S.V., Bragin A.D. Transformation of Motives and Trends of Emigration of Russians

Shakun E.N. Foreign Studies of Youth and Students: a Brief Review of Format and Content

Miroshnikov V.S. Extremism and Terrorism in Modern Society

Akhpatelov B.R., Davydov D.R. Representation of the Interests of Public Groups in the Russian Federation

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Madyukova S.A. Regional Specifics of the Institute of National Policy in the Republic of Tyva

Galieva S.I., Galieva G.M. The Place of Crime Prevention in Russian Political Space Through the Lens of Presidental Addresses

Emelyanov A.I., Belova L.G. Features of the Dissemination of Political Information in the Internet Space in the Conditions of Information Confrontation

Volkov A.V. Warrior of Light: Information War Against Figure Skater Kamila Valieva as a Symbol of National Alliance: Political Aspect

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Magadiev M.F. Main Issues of State Administration in Russia in the Field of International Cooperation in the Context of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine

Chepelyuk S.G. Digital Government as a Factor in the Development of Interaction Between the State and Business

Samuseva O.A. Scientific and Technological Direction as a Priority in Development

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Juraqulov F.N. Reform on the Principle of Division of State Power and Balance in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Rodionova M.E., Gimaliev V.G., Nazarova N.A. Electoral Preferences of the Italian Population on the Eve of Parliamentary Elections 2022

Nevmerzhitskii A.L., Novoselov S.V., Khachatryan D.A. Political Processes: a Vector for International Cooperation or Confrontation

Guzaerov R.I. Diplomatic Relations Between Turkey and Saudi Arabia (2015-2022)

Nechai A.A. Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Internal and External Challenges

Kozyreva M.S. From NAFTA to USMC: Benefits and Losses of Participants

Kapustin A.S. Comparative Analysis of Media Centers of the International Terrorist Organization DAESH (Prohibbited in the Russian Federation)

Wang Congyue. The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on International Configuration

Gao Dai. Analysis of the Main Problems of the Ancient Chinese Anti-Corruption System

Goerlitz H. System of Economic Relations Between Russia and Germany in the Context of their Political Support

Gu Xiaoyan. China's Development Assistance in Southeast Asia Research

Lidzhieva K.N. The Strategy of "Global Korea" as the Foundation of the Policy of the "Middle Power"

Lukin A.D. Arctic Diplomacy as a Kind of Regional Diplomacy and a Special Kind of State Policy in the Arctic

Liu Jia, Wang Zhaoxu, Yue Siqi. The Influence of the Media on the Formation of the Image of the State (Comparative Analysis of China and Russia)

Matyashova D.O., Mikhalevich E.A. Intrastate and Interstate Conflicts and Aggressive Non-State Actors in Northeast Asia

Telegin D.S. The Role of the Arctic Region in the Formation of “Greater Eurasia”

Khorbaladze E.L. US Indo-Pacific Strategy: Main Dimesnsions and Implications for Russia

Chu Chengcheng. Humanitarian Policy of China and the United States in Central Asia in the Field of Education

Timakhov K.V. NEOM: Transformation Project of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Omonov R.R. Experience in the Application of Information Technologies in the Public Administration of the USA and the Countries of Western Europe and their Impact on Modernization Power Systems

Aman S. Modern Challenges and Security Threats for Central Asian Countries

STUDENT SCIENCE

Myasnikov D.S., Manapov S.Sh., Simakova V.K. The Essence of the Liberal Oligarchy as a Project for an Effective Political Structure of the State

Kostina A.D., Ilinskaya K.R., Pakhmutov N.D. Favorable Forecasts and “Problematic” Aspects of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative

Bakanina D.A., Baranova Y.V., Leonova A.A. Environmental Agenda as a Means of Implementing Scientific Diplomacy of Western Countries and the Russian Federation in the Arctic Region

Nikitina A.A. The Role of Mass Communication in the Dynamics of Relations Between the USA and Russia

Our authors № 10-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.001

F.P. FURMAN Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia

S.V. KRASILNIKOV Ph.D., Associate professor, department of theory and history of state and law North-West institute of management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia

GLOBALISM AND MULTICULTURALISM AND THEIR CRISIS

The article is devoted to the analysis of American, European and Russian scientists' views on such global processes as globalism and multiculturalism; the basic difference between the concept «multicultural» and «multicultural» is determined. The similarities and differences in the meaning of these terms in American and European scientific discourse are revealed.

The article also explores current trends in geopolitics in the era of globalization. As a result of this research it has been shown that the world at the end of the twentieth century is not bipolar, and in the twenty-first century it transforms from unipolar into multi-polar. It is indicated that this trend is connected with the fact that centres of economic development and the reformatting of the existing global geopolitical system are being transformed.

Key words: globalism, multiculturalism, multiculturalism, globalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.002

D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AS AN OBJECT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

The article reveals the main scientific approaches to understanding the processes of political modernization. Based on the analysis of approaches, the stages of the evolution of modernization theories are established. Particular importance is attached to the typology of modernization processes. In the generally accepted academic terms, political modernization is characterized either as original – organic, or as catch up – inorganic. Three types of political modernization are considered in the refined author's style: endogenous, that is, carried out on its own basis; endogenous–exogenous, proceeding in the form of a combination of it’s own experience and external borrowing; exogenous – carried out on the basis of borrowing in the absence of its own basis.

Key words: political modernization, organic modernization, inorganic modernization, endogenous modernization, endogenous-exogenous modernization, exogenous modernization.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.003

S.V. RYAZANTSEV Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Director of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

A.D. BRAGIN PhD Student, Junior researcher of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF MOTIVES AND TRENDS OF EMIGRATION OF RUSSIANS

This article presents an analysis of modern emigration processes from the Russian Federation. Emigration from Russia has always been on a huge scale, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In this regard, the issue of assessing and subsequent analysis of the volume of emigration flows, their directions, as well as factors influencing the choice of destination country is acute. The authors have identified the main factors of emigration of Russians and the socio-economic consequences of this process both for recipient countries and for Russia as a donor country. It is determined that over the past decades, the directions of emigration of Russians have undergone serious changes. There has been a sharp change in the priorities of emigrants from the economically developed countries of the EU and North America in favor of the developing countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America. This trend is based on certain factors, such as the ease of processing documents for a stay, the relatively low cost of living, the possibility of remote work, etc. In this regard, the integration of emigrants into the host society has become much easier, which obviously affected the very structure of emigration processes, making them less economically costly and faster in terms of implementation.

Key words: emigration flows, migrants, Russia, population, diaspora, integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.004

E.N. SHAKUN Director of the educational department work with students of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia

FOREIGN STUDIES OF YOUTH AND STUDENTS: A BRIEF REVIEW OF FORMAT AND CONTENT

Scientific studies of the youth social stratum and students have reached the level of some of the most popular, but not the most ambitious, advanced and productive. Be that as it may, today, youth research is acquiring the status of not only purely academic and cognitive significance. This type of scientific research turns out to be in demand and essential, especially when in these studies civil society, politics and politicians, the state, educational institutions and organizations, their structures find a useful understanding and explanation for themselves, what decisions to make regarding the most active, but also " reckless" part of society in its intentions when it comes to its desires and behavior, degree and level of responsibility. In the article, based on the latest research literature identified, an attempt is made to provide a brief overview of how the development of youth studies abroad is supported, what issues and problems are covered in these studies, and how they can be characterized.

Key words: youth research, student research, youth research centers.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.005

V.S. MIROSHNIKOV Independent researcher, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russia

EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM IN MODERN SOCIETY

The article is devoted to one of the most important directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of ensuring and guaranteeing public security – improving the legal regulation of the sphere of the state mechanism, which is focused on preventing and countering manifestations of extremism and terrorism, which are complex and multidimensional threats at the international level. The author comprehensively examines the existing system of methods of combating these threats, focusing on the effectiveness of certain measures.

Relevance. The problem of combating terrorism and extremism in Russia is a priority, if only because ensuring and protecting human and civil rights and freedoms is a fundamental duty of the state. The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines the multinational people of our country as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the state, with mandatory consideration of the ideological diversity of the Russian population and equality before the law of all religious and public associations.

Goal. The purpose of the study is to analyze the nature of the phenomena of "extremism" and "terrorism", to identify the causes of their genesis as a problem of global significance. The author seeks to show the danger and destructive potential that the ideology built on these phenomena brings to the world community.

Tasks. Achieving the goal of this work involves solving a number of specific scientific tasks, namely:

– studying the content of the categories "extremism" and "terrorism" (including from the point of view of the history of their scientific understanding), assessing the objectivity of the developed classifications of these phenomena, updating modern measures to combat such an international evil as terrorism.

Methodology. As part of the research process, the author accumulated and studied a significant amount of educational, reference, regulatory and scientific information of various kinds (including online content).

Results. In the course of his scientific work, the author paid special attention to the consideration and analysis of the issues related to the manifestations of extremism among young people, taking into account the methods developed to date to combat this phenomenon.

Conclusion. Successful counteraction to extremist activity presupposes, in the author's opinion, the development of a set of specialized measures that generally meet such requirements as scientific validity, practical feasibility, conceptuality, potential effectiveness. For greater effect, various state and public structures should be involved in the process of combating manifestations of extremism. At the same time, their activities are subject to coordination within the framework of a single state concept. It is especially important that the society itself is deeply aware of the danger of extremism and extremist activity for the stability of the state and the well-being of citizens, and makes maximum use of intellectual and organizational opportunities to stop extremist manifestations. In other words, steps in the field of countering extremism should be practice-oriented, and not purely declarative, remaining only in the format of "plans for the future".

Key words: terrorism, extremism, crime, politics, international cooperation, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.006

B.R. AKHPATELOV Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia

D.R. DAVYDOV Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia

REPRESENTATION OF THE INTERESTS OF PUBLIC GROUPS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article analyzes the representation of the public interests of Russian citizens with the help of civil society structures during the third presidential term of Vladimir Putin from 2012 to 2019. The subject of the article is non-profit organizations (hereinafter referred to as NPOs), considered as one of the key elements of GO and as an important indicator of its condition. It is argued that the political leadership of the country does not rely on a clear definition and a system of indicators on the state of GO and acts in this area mainly reactively, but successfully uses some structures of GO to strengthen its power.

Key words: civil society, non-profit organizations, President V.V. Putin, Russian Federation, interests of public groups.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.007

S.A. MADYUKOVA PhD in Philosophy, Senior Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

REGIONAL SPECIFICS OF THE INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA

The article reveals the specific socio-cultural characteristics of the Republic of Tyva, which include the geographical, economic position of the region, its ethnic composition and linguistic specificity, which determines the key vectors of the activity of the institution of national policy in the region, formed taking into account this specificity.On the example of Tuva, the legislative base of the region in the field of national policy, the structures of the authorities responsible for the implementation of national policy in the region, as well as specific vectors of their activities: support for Tuvan-Todzhans (representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North) and the Cossacks, activities to harmonize interethnic relations and counter extremism in the republic, patriotic education of youth, etc. Also analyzed are ethnocultural activities carried out mainly by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Tuva, including the holding of Tuvan national holidays, "ethnically marked" public events in the region, as well as supervising the work of museums, theaters and libraries. The article also reflects the analysis of the activities of such structures as the Committee for Social Policy and the Council under the Head of the Republic of Tyva for interethnic and interfaith relations.The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to take into account regional specifics in the formation of national policy in it, which is not fully implemented in Tuva at this time.

Key words: national policy, the Republic of Tyva, Tuvans, Tuvans-Todzhans, indigenous peoples, language policy, region, ethnic culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.008

S.I. GALIEVA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

G.M. GALIEVA Senior lecturer of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

THE PLACE OF CRIME PREVENTION IN RUSSIAN POLITICAL SPACE THROUGH THE LENS OF PRESIDENTAL ADDRESSES

By analyzing addresses of Russian president to Federal Council the article studies the place of crime prevention in political space of Russia. Based on the author's research it is concluded that during the last quarter of a century no due attention has been paid to the topic of crime prevention in the rhetoric of Russia's top officials. In the author's opinion it can be explained by the low mobilising potential of this topic which makes it relatively unattractive as an element of political rhetoric.

Key words: crime prevention, addresses of Russian president to Federal Council, political rhetoric, political agenda.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.009

A.I. EMELYANOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies Institute of International Relations and Socio-Political Sciences, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

L.G. BELOVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department foreign regional studies of the Institute of International Relations and Socio-Political Sciences of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DISSEMINATION OF POLITICAL INFORMATION IN THE INTERNET SPACE IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION CONFRONTATION

The article examines the features, main directions and prospects for the development of the Internet space in the XXI century in the conditions of increasing confrontation between the key actors of world politics. The tendencies of the formation of the modern media sphere are considered; the geopolitical determinants formed under the influence of public opinion are analyzed. When writing the work, various state documents and the works of political scientists on this topic were used. The analysis of the material was carried out within the framework of theoretical analysis, content analysis and event analysis.

Key words: actor, Internet, information confrontation, infotainment, media, world politics, public opinion, politics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.010

A.V. VOLKOV Graduate student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WARRIOR OF LIGHT: INFORMATION WAR AGAINST FIGURE SKATER KAMILA VALIEVA AS A SYMBOL OF NATIONAL ALLIANCE: POLITICAL ASPECT

The article is devoted to the study of the role of champions of top-level sports and the impact of their sporting successes on international life and the relationship with the political agenda. Using the example of the doping scandal with the Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva, the peculiarities of the formation of a negative media agenda pursuing political goals of denigrating Russia are demonstrated. The analysis of the coverage of Russian figure skating by the world media and the aggressive information campaign against the country based on nationality is carried out. It is concluded that doping rhetoric has been an instrument of attempts of pro-Western political pressure on Russian sports for more than one year. Using the example of active popular support and international recognition of the Russian figure skater, in particular, following the results of the Olympic Games-2022 in Beijing, the analysis of what role the athletes' personalities are called upon to perform in a difficult geopolitical situation and Western pressure. Also, on the example of popularization of the image of the Russian figure skater K. The features of positioning and interpreting the successes of sports champions as one of the goals of involving communities not only in the humanitarian channel of the Olympic Movement, but also political, social and intercultural exchanges between world communities are considered. It is stated that such athletes of the "new archetype" as K. Valieva in the future can become a factor in overcoming the deepening gap between the superpowers and minimizing the geopolitical struggle within the framework of sports mega-events.

Key words: sport, Olympics, figure skating, sanctions, doping, OCD, figure skater, image, recognition, politics, generation Z, soft power, popular support.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.011

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in the foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

MAIN ISSUES OF STATE ADMINISTRATION IN RUSSIA IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE

In the emerging realities of international relations, it seems important to develop an understanding of how the Russian-Ukrainian conflict will affect the situation in various regions of Eurasia. In this article, the author examines the main issues of public administration in Russia in the field of international cooperation with the countries of East Asia, the European Union, the Caspian region, as well as within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Along with an analysis of the current state of bilateral relations with a number of states in the context of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine, the article also outlines specific areas designed to ensure their sustainable development.

Key words: public administration, Eurasian Economic Union, European Union, Iran, China, North Korea, international relations, sanctions, Special military operation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.012

S.G. CHEPELYUK postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL GOVERNMENT AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND BUSINESS

The article analyzes the development of relations between the state and business in the context of the implementation of the concept of digital government in Russia. The author reveals the content of the concept of "digital government", as well as the impact of digitalization on changing the dynamics of the relationship between such political actors as the state and business. Using such techniques as a descriptive-specific description, elements of a situational analysis and a case study, the author, using specific Russian examples, analyzes the opportunities, as well as risks and barriers for the development of relations between the state and business in the context of the formation of digital government in Russia.

Key words: digital government, digitalization, GR, public administration, government as a platform, e-government.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.013

O.A. SAMUSEVA Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIRECTION AS A PRIORITY IN DEVELOPMENT

In the increasingly complex modern world, in the formation of a new world order, one of the most important components of development remains the direction – the relationship "center – periphery", according to which the development of technologies, information resources, human capital, etc. is decisive. New political circumstances (epedemiological crisis and its consequences, the new role of Russia in the international arena, anti-Russian sanctions) certainly affect the state of the regional and international environment, the development of each country, both in the socio-economic and political aspects. At the same time, the study of the identified problem demonstrates the current stage of the technological revolution and industrial transformation. Many countries are striving to use the opportunities of this stage of historical development and seize the initiative in technological competition. Competition in technological innovation is becoming increasingly fierce. The subject of our research is scientific and technological development as a priority factor in creating the basis for national development and the competitive advantage of the state.

Key words: international relations, the science, technology, innovation, innovative economy, human capital.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.014

F.N. JURAQULOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, First Deputy Head of the Republican center of spirituality and enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

REFORM ON THE PRINCIPLE OF DIVISION OF STATE POWER AND BALANCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The article is devoted to the principles of separation of powers in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The socio-economic, legal and political foundations of the sustainable development of society, the place and role of public authorities in the development of the democratic principles of civil society in the country are studied. It provides an analysis of the reforms aimed at the consistent implementation of the principle of separation of powers, carried out for this purpose in recent years of constitutional innovations, reveals their essence and significance. The author outlines a number of issues that require scientific and practical discussion and deep scientific and theoretical study on the formation of civil society in the Republic.

Key words: civil society, state, power, reform, virtual reception office, people reception office, principles, social society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.015

M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

V.G. GIMALIEV Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Department of foreign languages N 2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia

N.A. NAZAROVA Candidate of economic sciences, Director, Autonomous non-profit organization "Institute for the Development of Entrepreneurship and Economics", Moscow, Russia

ELECTORAL PREFERENCES OF THE ITALIAN POPULATION ON THE EVE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2022

The material examines the results of the early parliamentary elections in Italy, held on September 25, 2022, which led to major shifts in the perception of voters – the victory of the center-right coalition of four parties: “Brothers of Italy”, “League”, “Forward, Italy!”, “We – moderate”. Attention is paid to economic indicators on the eve and after the elections in Italy, the trends in the transformation of Italian society. An analysis of the use of communication tools by Italian political leaders on the eve of the elections is given, an analysis is made of the conduct of social networks by the leading political parties in Italy.

Key words: electoral processes, electoral behavior, economic crisis, Italy, parliamentary elections, right-wing populism, center-right coalition, Brothers of Italy, League, Forward Italy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.016

A.L. NEVMERZHITSKII Director of UK Praktika LLC, Moscow, Russia

S.V. NOVOSELOV Commercial director of Vash Dom LLC, Moscow, Russia

D.A. KHACHATRYAN CEO of Kaskada LLC, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL PROCESSES: A VECTOR FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OR CONFRONTATION

The political process is one of the basic concepts of political science. However, despite its importance and central place in the system of political science categories, this concept has not yet received a universally recognized unified interpretation and use. The diversity of definitions of the political process, including in the field of international cooperation, of international trade, is largely due to its interpretation from different scientific positions.

From the point of view of constructively minded authors, Russia participates in global political processes, strives to harmonize international relations, to ensure stability and equality, to eliminate the problems of unipolarity and injustice of the world order. These attempts to direct political processes in a constructive direction, contribute to the improvement of the existing world order, and protect their national interests have led to a sharp deterioration in relations between Russia and the West.

Key words: politics, political processes, international cooperation, confrontation, sanctions, resources, economy, security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.017

R.I. GUZAEROV Junior Researcher Department of Middle and Post-Soviet East Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN TURKEY AND SAUDI ARABIA (2015-2022)

The article is devoted to a new stage of normalization of relations between Turkey and Saudi Arabia. The article identifies the main reasons for the differences in Turkish-Saudi relations, demonstrates the previous attempts of the states to establish bilateral relations. Special attention is paid to the bilateral visits of the heads of state in 2022. The author examined the main factors that prompted Turkey and Saudi Arabia to resume dialogue. Normalization of Turkish-Saudi relations is considered on a regional and global scale. The conclusion is made about the short-term nature of normalization.

Key words: Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Turkish-Saudi relations, Middle East, normalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.018

A.A. NECHAI Senior Lecturer, Saint-Petersburg Peter the Great Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CHALLENGES

The functioning of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a vivid manifestation of the principles of peaceful coexistence, the purpose of the Organization is to maintain peace and stability in the Eurasian region, this is especially relevant now, when the world community for the first time since the end of World War II is facing unprecedented challenges associated with the beginning of a new global conflict, increasing deficit of peace and trust. Since the founding of the SCO on June 15, 2001, the connotation and scope of the Organization has changed significantly. The focus of this study is on the internal and external challenges faced by the SCO. It traces the process of expansion and transformation of the Organization, assesses the consequences of the emergence of new members, and identifies existing and potential threats associated with it. The prerequisites for Iran's accession to the SCO, which occurred in September 2022, as well as the possible consequences are studied. The study leads to the conclusion that the Organization, in general, meets the current needs of regional stability. The problems faced by the SCO are mainly internal rather than external. As the number of member countries increases, the Organization's potential for development and influence increases, while the accession of new members adds to the complexities of coordination, potentially leading to a decrease in the influence of participants with lesser political and economic weight on the world stage. On the other hand, a complete rejection of the accession of new members can lead to their loss of interest in the organization and its international credibility will decline. The study shows that the internal cohesion of the SCO is not strong enough. The geopolitical orientation of the member states is multidirectional. Conflicts between some member states (for example, India and Pakistan, India and China, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan) and dialogue partners Armenia and Azerbaijan may affect the internal unity of the organization, reduce the ability to respond quickly to geopolitical challenges and, consequently, the influence of the SCO on the world stage. The SCO is in de facto opposition to the United States on issues of international security, economic governance, as well as regional issues and “hot topics”.

Key words: Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO Charter, interstate relations, expansion, globalization, challenges.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.019

M.S. KOZYREVA Ph.D. student, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FROM NAFTA TO USMC: BENEFITS AND LOSSES OF PARTICIPANTS

The integration processes of the North American continent are recognized as successful and are inferior in efficiency only to the experience of the European Union. However, participation in the institutions of the region is initially unequal in rights and is characterized by United States's dominant role, which was accepted to NAFTA. However, the growth of hegimonistic ambitions motivated the transformation of the treaty and the new institution, which was called "USMCA". The text of the agreement and the benefits of the parties were revised, and the article focuses on this aspect. This fact determines main purpose of the research, which is to identify the interests and positions of the USMCA members. The text of the agreement and the benefits of the parties were revised, and the attention of the article is focused on this aspect, the main purpose of which is to identify the interests and positions of the USMCA members. Its implementation required an in-depth analysis of the NAFTA and USMCA agreements, a comparison of the two organizations, as well as a generalization of an extensive theoretical basis, which formed the basis of the research methodology. Under the new institution, Mexico and Canada are in an even worse position than before, opening up their domestic markets to more agricultural imports and redefining engineering industry regulations. These aspects, together with the conduct of an advisory body, turn the integration group into an instrument of the USA regional authorities. These transformations were reflected in the scientific world, forming a negative reputation for USMCA and its effectiveness for Mexico and Canada. However, despite the heavy concessions, the significance of the agreement for the trade turnover of states is high, in this case the refusal to continue cooperation within the USMCA would have more negative consequences.

Key words: North America, integration, turnover, USMCA, NAFTA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.020

A.S. KAPUSTIN Postgraduate Student, Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEDIA CENTERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ORGANIZATION DAESH (PROHIBBITED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)

The author analyzes the activity of three DAESH media centers Amaq, al-Furkan, al-Hayat. These media centers form different types of content, which makes it possible to ensure the representativeness of the sample.

The purpose of the study is to identify the forms and methods of activity of the media centers of the international terrorist organization Islamic State (hereinafter – DAESH).

Based on a structural analysis of the activities of the DAESH media centers (considered by the example of Amaq, al-Furqan, al-Hayat), it was found that these centers represent elements of the DAESH propaganda system operating in a decentralized manner. DAESH's activity in the media space implies the creation of different types of content. In this process, the trends towards the division of labor are reflected: since the content of different types: videos, audio materials, text materials, is often the product of the activities of different centers. The activity of DAESH in the media space involves the use of modern communication technologies, which implies methods of presenting information aimed at forming positive ideas about the activities of DAESH, as well as a strategy of communication with potential followers.

The information can be used in the work of specialists in countering the activities of international terrorist organizations on the Internet, as well as by political scientists and journalists.

Key words: terrorism, DAESH, propaganda, Internet, self-radicalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.021

WANG CONGYUE PhD student of the Department of International Political Processes School of Political Science, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

THE IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON INTERNATIONAL CONFIGURATION

The issue of international configuration has been widely discussed in the field of international relations. International configuration refers to a relatively stable structure of international relations within a certain period, which is determined by the distribution of power among the major actors in the international society. After the 2008 Financial Crisis, with the decline of the United States and the rapid rise of other powers, especially China, the debate on whether the current international configuration is multipolar or bipolar has been triggered in the international relations circle. The historical experience of mankind tells us that the emergence of any scientific and technological revolution will further widen the strength gap between the countries which are the first to acquire new technologies and other countries. Since the 16th century, many scientific and technological revolutions have taken place in the world, each of which has extremely affected the international configuration. In view of the velocity, scope, and system influence, the 4IR breakthrough speed is unprecedented. Compared with the previous industrial revolution, the development speed of 4IR is exponential rather than linear. The paper argues that driven by 4IR, China’s overall strength has enhanced significantly since 2008, making China's comprehensive national power the second in the world. At present, the United States and China have their own advantages in the different fields of 4IR, taking the obvious leading position in the world. With the deep development of 4IR and wide application of its achievements, the advantages of the United States and China will be further expanded. Given all of this, it can be concluded that 4IR has accelerated the formation of the bipolar structure between the United States and China. In the future, 4IR will further stabilize the bipolar structure and extend the duration of the bipolar structure.

Key words: International configuration, polarity, bipolar structure, multipolar structure, comprehensive national strength, scientific and technological strength, the fourth industrial revolution, 5G technology, artificial intelligence (AI).

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.022

GAO DAI Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE ANTI-CORRUPTION SYSTEM

This article comprehensively analyzes the main aspects of the ancient Chinese anti-corruption system. The novelty of this article lies in the analysis of anti-corruption policies and laws of various dynasties of ancient China in order to identify the main problems that existed in their anti-corruption systems and the possibility of application in modern conditions. The theoretical significance of the study is to fill the gap in the anti-corruption studies of ancient China in Russian, and the practical significance is to study the ancient anti-corruption experience and use it to improve the modern anti-corruption mechanism.

Key words: corruption, fight against corruption, ancient China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.023

H. GOERLITZ Independent researcher, Wiesbaden, Germany

SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GERMANY IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR POLITICAL SUPPORT

The presented study is devoted to the issue of the state of the system of foreign economic relations between Russia and Germany in the context of their political support by the time the military crisis in Ukraine began in 2022 and the prospects for its “reset”. The methodological base of the work is built on the basis of a combination of qualitative sociological research methods in the form of expert interviews and comparative analysis. The empirical basis of the presented study was a series of 15 expert interviews conducted in November-December 2021. The author concludes that the basic conditions for restarting and developing a political dialogue on economic cooperation between the two states can be called favorable.

Key words: Russia, Germany, foreign trade, political support, institutions, expert interview.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.024

GU XIAOYAN Russian Teacher, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China

CHINA'S DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA RESEARCH

The topic of this article contributes to the improvement of the theory of China's foreign aid mechanism. Foreign aid theory arose along with foreign aid activity and has early origins, especially among Western scientists, where it became a field of study in its own right, mainly from two fields: economics and political science. With rapid economic development, China continues to pay attention to its responsibilities as a great power, putting into practice the concept of contributing to world development and focusing on foreign aid, creating a theory that can be used to improve and improve China's Southeast development assistance system in the 21st century. In recent years, Southeast Asian aid has been increasing, and in this process, it is necessary to explore how to avoid the problem of Sino-US conflicts, study the problems and their practical consequences, which we should pay attention to when building Southeast Asian aid mechanisms, constantly think about shortcomings of China's Southeast Asia aid policy, and at the same time constantly adjust and improve foreign aid policy.

Key words: development assistance, Southeast Asia, China, USA, foreign aid, Southeast Asia, mutual benefit, strategic alignment, evolutionary logic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.025

K.N. LIDZHIEVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of global studies, Moscow, Russia

THE STRATEGY OF "GLOBAL KOREA" AS THE FOUNDATION OF THE POLICY OF THE "MIDDLE POWER"

The article examines the essence and features of the foreign policy strategy of "Global Korea", proclaimed by the 10th President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myeong-bak. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that there was a transition during the presidency of Lee Myeong-bak in South Korean foreign policy from a regional to a global way of acting while applying the concept of "middle power". The following methods were used in the course of the study: historical analysis, a systematic approach, analysis of strategic documents, as well as a number of other general scientific methods. Based on the research, the author concluded that the "Global Korea" strategy has become a catalyst for the transfer for the Republic of Korea to the rhetoric of the "middle power" in foreign policy.

Key words: "Global Korea", Lee Myung-bak, foreign policy, Republic of Korea, middle power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.026

A.D. LUKIN Graduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

ARCTIC DIPLOMACY AS A KIND OF REGIONAL DIPLOMACY AND A SPECIAL KIND OF STATE POLICY IN THE ARCTIC

The article examines history of international relations of the Arctic region from the perspective of regional cooperation.

The role of the Arctic region is constantly growing in international relations, this is facilitated by a number of factors related to environmental, geopolitical, economic, climatic, military, scientific, humanitarian issues in the Arctic region.

The purpose of this article is an attempt to study the features of regional relations, to present the thesis of the emergence of regional Arctic diplomacy on the example of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. Consider the peculiarity of the formation of regional relations as a result of the identity of national interests and challenges, the Arctic countries, entering regional and international relations.

Studying international relations in the Arctic, its features, channels for dialogue, will become an effective tool in preserving the region as a territory of peace and mutually beneficial partnership. A gradual increase in the role of non-Arctic states in economic and trade activities in the region will become a natural process for the development of regional relations in the Arctic. To maintain the flexibility of regional relations, the existing institutions of interaction in the Arctic will play an important role.

Key words: Arctic region, regional policy, diplomacy, mutually beneficial partnership, Arctic diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.027

LIU JIA Postgraduate student of the Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

WANG ZHAOXU Postgraduate student of the Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

YUE SIQI Master`s student at St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA ON THE FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE STATE (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHINA AND RUSSIA)

The most important institution of modern society and a serious translator of the geopolitical image is the media. The data transmitted through the media allows not only to form an image (image) of a separate territory, but also to transform it according to certain interests. The media are able to impose certain topics and even interpretations of events and phenomena on a wide range of people. The development of the informatization of society has led to the fact that the mass media are increasingly noticeably influencing various public spheres, including the political consciousness and behavior of citizens. It is impossible to count on a single event aimed at creating the image of the state, because a whole system of mutually agreed actions is needed. They should be aimed at the local population, partners and opposition politicians, and this will help raise the prestige of the government itself.

The image of the state is a stereotyped image formed in the mass consciousness. It merges people's ideas about the features of this territory of historical, socio-cultural, socio-economic, political and other nature. At the same time, each person forms a subjective idea of the region, based both on their own specific impressions, and indirectly, relying on the materials of cinematic and literary sources, mass media, based on eyewitness accounts, rumors and speculation.

Thus, the structure of the image of the state is multilayered – in the minds of different people, the image of the same state may have significant differences.

Nevertheless, it is possible and necessary to manage the image of the state. If the image of the state is built professionally, then this allows the territory to actively develop and prosper. At the same time, the attractive image of the state depends not only on its real potential in cultural and socio-economic terms, but more on the use of this potential.

Key words: image of the state, mass media, marketing, information, state, market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.028

D.О. MATYASHOVA PhD student of Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

E.A. MIKHALEVICH PhD student of Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

INTRASTATE AND INTERSTATE CONFLICTS AND AGGRESSIVE NON-STATE ACTORS IN NORTHEAST ASIA

The states of Northeast Asia are actively developing the field of ICT and AI, therefore, they potentially have wide opportunities for using such technologies as a tool for destabilizing the information and psychological situation in competing countries. At the same time, the countries of the region can also become the object of high-tech information and psychological influence from anti-social actors, such as opposition political forces, terrorist groups, sects, etc. The purpose of this article is to review the international situation in Northeast Asia and characterize the activities of aggressive non-state actors in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hong Kong, which have a destabilizing effect on the security architecture of the entire Northeast Asian region.

Key words: Northeast Asia, Xinjiang, Hong Kong, information and psychological security, separatism, extremism, terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.029

D.S. TELEGIN Graduate student, the Department of Globalistics at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF THE ARCTIC REGION IN THE FORMATION OF “GREATER EURASIA”

As a result of the rivalry between the United States and China in the Asia-Pacific region (APAC), the APAC region is transforming. The Asia-Pacific region is becoming an integral part of Eurasia. Consequently, the role of the Arctic region – the link between the main part of Eurasia and the APAC region – increases, which opens a window of opportunities for the Russian Federation for the implementation of the Greater Eurasia project. The author uses an interdisciplinary approach, content analysis and event analysis to analyze Russian and foreign scientific works and official documents.

Key words: Greater Eurasia, the Arctic region, Arcto-Pacific, Asia-Pacific, region, integration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.030

E.L. KHORBALADZE PhD student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University; Fox International Fellow (researcher), MacMillan Center, Yale University, Moscow, Russia

US INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY: MAIN DIMESNSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RUSSIA

As for today the global interests of the United States are fully projected into the Indo-Pacific region, and the concept of the Indo-Pacific region becomes the basis for extending the American strategy of “reversal and rebalancing” to the Indian Ocean. The aim of the article is to detect how Indo-Pacific strategy (IPS) changes the strategic balance of power in the region. The author asks 3 main questions: What is the essence of Indo-Pacific strategy? How the approach towards Indo-Pacific region has changed during different US presidents since G.W. Bush? How IPS affects the interests of Russia in the Indo-Pacific region? To answer these questions author used the multimethod research design, particularly following methods: document analysis, content analysis, structured, focused comparison, system analysis. Author concludes that creating virtually from scratch an architecture for the realization of its interests in the Indo-Pacific region, the United States is adopting a flexible approach of “new regionalism”. This is best compiled through the US Indo-Pacific strategy. The George W. Bush Administration understood Asia’s growing importance and engaged closely with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Japan, and India. The Obama Administration significantly accelerated American prioritization of Asia, investing new diplomatic, economic, and military resources there. The Trump Administration also recognized the Indo-Pacific as the world’s center of gravity. Under President Biden, the United States is determined to strengthen long-term position in and commitment to the Indo-Pacific. Meanwhile, Russia clearly unwelcomes the Indo-Pacific as a new geopolitical construct with military component, considers QUAD as “Asian NATO”, and sees ASEAN as the preferable Asian regional format. However, the future of Russian position will be determined by the development of this construct. If regional interpretations of the Indo-Pacific prevail, less geopolitical and confrontational, Russia’s reaction can be far less concerted.

Key words: Indo-Pacific strategy, Asia-Pacific region, trans-regional integration, concept, US, Russia, QUAD.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.031

CHU CHENGCHENG Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

HUMANITARIAN POLICY OF CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES IN CENTRAL ASIA IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION

The article shows the growing influence of the humanitarian component of modern international relations and the importance of taking into account the humanitarian factor in the operation of inter-country relations. The paper gives the author's interpretation of the concept of "humanitarian policy" and its difference with "soft power". This article analyzes the experience of educational programs in the countries of the Central Asian region, examines the impact of China and the United States on the educational system of Central Asian countries in a comparative manner. Their strategic goals and priorities of diplomacy and their relationship with each other are summarized. The purpose of this article is to reveal the nature and show the different features of the humanitarian policy of China and the United States in Central Asia. Research methods – Comparative research, content analysis of official documents. The object of the study is the humanitarian policy of China and the United States in Central Asia in the field of education. The subject of the study is Cooperation in the field of education between China, the United States and the countries of Central Asia.

The results of the study: The United States has invested a lot in educational projects in Central Asia, and it can be seen that the United States attaches great importance to humanitarian exchange in diplomacy. The main strategic goal of the United States is to spread American values and expand its influence in Central Asia. But, on the other hand, since the ambitions of the United States are too obvious, it also disgusted Central Asian society, and to a certain extent influenced the process of humanitarian exchange. Humanitarian exchange in the field of education between China and the countries of Central Asia began relatively late. The creation of the SCO and the BRI contributed to humanitarian exchange.

Key words: humanitarian policy, educational cooperation, China, USA, Central Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.032

K.V. TIMAKHOV Postgraduate student of Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

NEOM: TRANSFORMATION PROJECT OF KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

This paper examines the prospects for creating a city that has no analogues in the world, in accordance with the NEOM project proposed by the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman. This initiative is one of the components of a comprehensive plan to transform the country's socio-economic system – "Saudi Vision – 2030". The analysis of the developed strategy and the stages of its implementation may be of interest for scientific research due to its novelty and ambiguity of implementation in the poorly developed desert terrain of the Arabian Peninsula. As a result of the study, an inconsistency has been established that arises due to the discrepancy between resources for the implementation of the project and the tasks that are of an abstract theoretical nature. In addition, the futuristic nature of the NEOM project, with all its positive characteristics, which are environmental sustainability and technological effectiveness, raises the problem of data privacy, equality of opportunities and legal protection of potential residents of the "smart city".

Key words: city of the future, NEOM, Saudi Arabia, transformation program, Saudi Vision – 2030.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.033

R.R. OMONOV Researcher at the Department of Civil Society and legal education of the National University Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

EXPERIENCE IN THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE USA AND THE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE AND THEIR IMPACT ON MODERNIZATION POWER SYSTEMS

The article analyzes the role of information, communication and Internet technologies in the development of the economy. Experience in the use of information technologies in public administration in the United States and Western Europe and their impact on the modernization of the power system. The effectiveness of the use of intellectuals and the product of their mental labor for the realization of the will and goals of the entire nation. Theoretical and methodological problems of national security policy formation are revealed. The main conditions affecting the state of security are substantiated.

Key words: information technology, globalization, geopolitics, society, national security, management.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.034

S. AMAN Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MODERN CHALLENGES AND SECURITY THREATS FOR CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES

The article shows that the Central Asian region retains exceptional importance in the modern system of international relations, being at the same time a crossroads of the world's largest civilizations: Christianity, Confucianism and Islam, as well as a point of intersection of the geopolitical interests of a number of countries, such as Russia, the United States, China, Turkey and the European Union, the establishment of control over which allows you to manage the global transit of strategic raw materials for the world's largest emerging economies. It is noted that the Central Asian region is a zone of historically determined national interests of the Russian Federation, where it plays the role of an important partner of the Central Asian republics and moderator of privileged cooperation in trade, economic, political and humanitarian spheres. It is concluded that as a leading geopolitical power, Russia is called upon to ensure the stability of the military-political situation in the Central Asian region, as well as the security of its southern borders through the development of bilateral and multilateral relations with Central Asian states in the format of the CIS, EAEU, SCO, and CSTO, which is becoming most relevant in modern conditions of geopolitical and geo-economic transformations.

Key words: International security, SCO, Central Asia, USA, international relations, CIS, Russia, Turkey, drug trafficking, ethno-confessional conflicts, China, Iran, Regional security.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.035

D.S. MYASNIKOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.SH. MANAPOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

V.K. SIMAKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE ESSENCE OF THE LIBERAL OLIGARCHY AS A PROJECT FOR AN EFFECTIVE POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF THE STATE

The emergence of liberalism in Russia took place on the basis of various historical processes that emerged in the political, economic and cultural life of society. Taking the Western idea of liberal relations as a basis, the Russian intelligentsia introduced its own unique specifics of the Russian idea of liberalism.

The result of changes in the social structure of Russian society after the start of systemic transformations was the rapid, almost instantaneous by historical standards, the formation of a layer of very large entrepreneurs, called "oligarchs". This layer has become the leading force of the Russian business class, and it largely determines the development of Russia.

In the article, the author considers theoretical approaches to the concept of liberal oligarchy and analyzes this phenomenon as a project for an effective political structure of the state. In addition, the attention of the study is also devoted to the advantages and disadvantages of this model of the welfare state, which are studied using specific examples of modern international political reality.

Key words: liberalism, liberal oligarchy, political model, political structure, state, society, reformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.036

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

K.R. ILINSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

N.D. PAKHMUTOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

FAVORABLE FORECASTS AND “PROBLEMATIC” ASPECTS OF THE CHINESE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

The China Belt and Road Initiative is a multi-billion dollar project that has an economic and strategic impact on all participating regions and countries. Since its inception in 2013, this initiative has been the subject of intense debate. Like all multifaceted cases of modern international relations, it has its supporters and critics. The former emphasize that the Initiative has received high praise from a number of developing countries, who believe that the financing of trade-related infrastructure will contribute to the economic growth of participating countries. Critics see the project as a tool to increase China's geopolitical power and a debt trap for countries that receive loans to develop infrastructure that ultimately does not support their economic development.

The author finds this consumption of opinions interesting and relevant for the study. This article discusses the favorable forecasts for the implementation of the Chinese concept of "One Belt – One Road", and also examines the possible negative aspects of the consequences of its implementation.

Key words: international relations, economics, economic integration, China, One belt – One road, transport, project, initiative, Central Asia, world economy, development prospects, development risks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.037

D.A. BAKANINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Y.V. BARANOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.A. LEONOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA AS A MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING SCIENTIFIC DIPLOMACY OF WESTERN COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ARCTIC REGION

The Arctic region has always been an international platform for dialogue on resolving global problems and challenges through joint efforts by actors in international relations. However, 2022 has become a period of serious testing of the cooperation of scientific communities in the Arctic, previously proceeding at a steady pace. This paper describes and analyzes the observed negative dynamics of the science diplomacy of Western countries and the Russian Federation in the region with an emphasis on the environmental agenda, after which further prospects for the development of events are considered. The article also emphasizes the need to search for new mechanisms of cooperation in the region that can ensure a balance of national and global interests.

Key words: science diplomacy, Arctic region, environmental agenda, Arctic Council, confrontation, Russia, Western countries.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.86.10.038

A.A. NIKITINA Student of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF MASS COMMUNICATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND RUSSIA

This article examines the impact of mass communication on international relations, in particular the impact on the relationship between the United States and Russia. The article analyzes how mass communication affects the formation of public opinion, its promotion and implementation of the necessary assessment of events in the mass consciousness, as well as how it affects international relations, the result of this impact.

Key words: USA, Russia, mass communication, international relations.

Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 9 (85), 2022

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Chemshit A.A. Factors of Stability of the Political System of Society

Solodova G.S. Civilizational Borderlines as an Advantage

Dobrynina E.Ya. The Formation of the Problem Field in the Theories of the Information Socity

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Salieva N.E. The Specificity of the Paradigm Approach to Studying the Influence of the Information Society on Youth Ideosphere

Zubova O.G. Trust as a Factor in the Development of the Institution of Charity in Modern Russian Society

Persidskaya O.A. Factors of Formal and Informal Institutionalization of Ethnicity in Novosibirsk

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Kakharova M. Technology of Health and Ensuring the Stability of the Socio-Spiritual Environment in Society

Ravochkin N.N. Import of Political and Legal Institutions: Problems and Search for Ways to Overcome (Part 1)

Petrov A.P., Pronchev G.B. Hybrid Wars: Features of the Process and Features of Mathematical Modeling

Chemshit D.A. Political Crisis in the System of Ideas about Political Instability

Kachurenko D.S. Transformations of the Political System and the Implementation of the Principle of Separation of Powers in France

Bogapova A.V. The Use of Populism in the Election Campaigns of Deputies of the Moscow City Duma of the Seventh Convocation

Chulkov D.I. Decentralization of Traditional Media as a Mechanism to Counter Manipulation and Propaganda in Public Policy

Kozin A.S. Big Data and their Impact on the Political Situation in the World

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

Magadiev M.F. State Administration in the Field of Patriotic Education in the Conditions of Anti-Russian Western Propaganda: Status and Development Prospects

Kishueva I.A. Digital Sovereignty and Digital Disintegration of Russia

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Nazarov A.N. Globalization and Political Development

Tushkov A.A., Zhivotova D.A. Prospects for Russia's Dialogue Partnership and Asean in the Conditions of Anti-Russian Proxy Wars and Threat Growth Aseano-Centrism in Sea

Xiong Leping, He Haoyue. China's Belt and Road Initiative in the Context of Global Governance

Davydov V.N., Nguyen T.A., Zotkina A.L. Indicators of Vietnam's Political Stability

Shangaraev R.N., Iskhakov A.S. Turkey's "Soft Power" and its Role in Foreign Policy

Urper Mehmet. Foundations of Cultural Diplomacy in the Context of Formation of Mechanisms of Consolidation and Development of the National Identity of the Turkish State in the System of International Relations: the Historical Foundation of the Development of the Culture of Turkish Society

Isaev K.A. U.S. Policy Towards Venezuela in the Period from 2013 to 2022

Vasetsova E.S., Zhang Junyi. The Role of Medical Diplomacy of PRC in APR Regional Integration

Liu Jingyuan. China’s Approach to Global Governance Reform

Mohebi M.A. The Influence and Role of the Media in the Formation of Ideological and Political Differences Between Two Generations in Iran

Ryzhkin E.N. An Analysis of the Relationship Between Italy's Foreign Policy Capacity and its National Interests in Libya Between 2011 and 2020

Chzhan Chen`I. Did China Really Lose from Pelosi's Visit?

Yancha Tuasa Segundo Elias, Bogdanova E.A., Ushakova D.O. Ecuador. Dollarized Economy and the COVID-19 Pandemic

STUDENT SCIENCE

Bratkovskaya D.V., Demidova E.R., Kapatsyna G.A. China's Policy in XUAR: its Directions, Main Reasons, and Ways to Resolve the Interethnic Conflict

Kostina A.D., Ilinskaya K.R., Pakhmutov N.D. Confrontation of the United States with Other States in Outer Space on the Example of Relations with China

Lei Shuyang. Contrasting the Development of Foreign Policy in History Russia and China

Myasnikov D.S., Varodi A.I., Bulygin M.A. Social Media and their Impact on the Electoral Process in Russia and Abroad

Our authors № 9-2022

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.001

A.A. CHEMSHIT D.Sc. (political science), Professor, Professor at the Department of Political Science and Philosophy, Institute of Social Sciences and International Relations, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

FACTORS OF STABILITY OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY

The subject of this article is the analysis of the democratic development of political systems in terms of the relationship between two factors – state power and political participation. The movement of the political system from one state to another is considered as a political process. The development of the modern political process is studied both at the level of the national social system and at the global level. The place and role of institutions of state power and civil society in the conditions of stable, unstable and crisis states of various modern types of political systems is determined. The regularities of the democratic process in political systems that arise under the influence of changes in the degree of satisfaction of the interests of both society as a whole and the main social groups are revealed and formulated.

Key words: state power, political involvement, political system, political process, authoritarianism, democracy, modernization, optimization of political participation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.002

G.S. SOLODOVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

CIVILIZATIONAL BORDERLINES AS AN ADVANTAGE

In the current situation, when for a number of reasons everything is moving into a qualitatively different dimension, the former geopolitical guidelines and priorities are losing their significance. There is a redistribution of world centers of political and economic influence. Political, economic mainstreams are changing. There is some chaos, new problems and new challenges. One of the consequences of the current aggravation is the turn to the East announced several years ago. The development of Eurasian geopolitical cooperation and partnership, including its southern direction, is becoming more relevant. The project of Greater Eurasia as a geostrategic and geoeconomic community is gaining ground. Russia's belonging to Asia, the East, once again becomes topical. Such a vector may turn out to be mutually beneficial and mutually beneficial, especially in conditions of a certain lack of alternatives. At the same time, the range of assessments of the prospects and potential of the Eurasian interaction is different – from cautious and skeptical to quite favorable.

Key words: Eurasian space, East Asian region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.003

E.YA. DOBRYNINA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE FORMATION OF THE PROBLEM FIELD IN THE THEORIES OF THE INFORMATION SOCITY

The article describes the formation of a problem field related to informatization and digitalization of public life. Today digitalization is gaining momentum, accordingly, new questions are emerging that require, if not an exact answer, then their understanding, as well as new concepts that contribute to the awareness of what is happening. The author attempts to identify the main trajectories of the development of the concept of information society in the philosophical thinking of the XX-XXI century. The article discusses the works of Fritz Machlup, Daniel Bell, Alvin Toffler.

Key words: information society, digitalization, knowledge society, post-industrial society.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.004

N.E. SALIEVA Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science (PhD), First Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs of the Jizzakh University (Sambhram University), Jizzakh, Uzbekistan

THE SPECIFICITY OF THE PARADIGM APPROACH TO STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY ON YOUTH IDEOSPHERE

The article is devoted to the modern factors of the specifics of the paradigm approach to the study of the influence of the informatized society on the youth ideosphere. The factor of youth ideosphere virtualization and its influence on social development is considered.

Key words: youth ideosphere, society, informatization, globalization, communication, technology.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.005

O.G. ZUBOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Technologies at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

TRUST AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHARITY IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

An important indicator of the state of civic engagement, the level of social solidarity, is the development of various forms of charity and volunteerism. The article, based on the analysis of secondary data, examines the institutional level of trust in charity of different socio-demographic groups of the population, emerging barriers of involvement and possible conditions for overcoming them. The growth of trust in charitable activity is associated with successful examples of the work of charitable organizations; further professionalization of their activities; informing and simplifying ways to provide assistance; creating a positive image in the media; increasing the overall level of trust in society and developing a culture of participation.

Key words: charity, charitable organizations, trust, civil society, values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.006

O.A. PERSIDSKAYA Junior Researcher Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

FACTORS OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ETHNICITY IN NOVOSIBIRSK

It is proposed to expand the theoretical and methodological framework of the study of the institutionalization of ethnicity by including a description of not only the factors of formal, but also informal institutionalization.

It is shown that the institutional structures of the federal and municipal levels are based on two foundations: on the one hand, ethnic diversity, which is presented as a virtue and strength, and on the other hand, the unifying role of the Russian language with the dominance of Russian culture. On example of Novosibirsk, it was revealed that the mechanisms of institutional influence have a pronounced cultural orientation.

At the same time, an analysis of the non-institutional factors shows that the actual needs of ethnic groups lie not only in the cultural plane. We are talking about a significant split between groups of the host population and migrants, a decrease in the comfort of the urban environment, actualization of real and potential threats of interethnic conflict, a reduction in the importance of ethnic identity for the younger generation of people who identify themselves as Russians.

Based on the introduction of institutional and non-institutional factors into the study of the institutionalization of ethnicity, an assumption was made about the insufficient effectiveness of the culturally oriented trend, on which the institutional agent is betting.

Key words: institutionalization of ethnicity, nation-building, city, Novosibirsk, migrants, host community, ethnic identity.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.007

M. KAKHAROVA Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Deputy Director of the Institute of Social and Spiritual Research, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

TECHNOLOGY OF HEALTH AND ENSURING THE STABILITY OF THE SOCIO-SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT IN SOCIETY

This article is devoted to modern technologies for healing and ensuring the sustainability of the socio-spiritual environment in society. The author presents the results of a study on the problems of the formation of the technology of the socio-spiritual environment and its basis.

Key words: technology, threat resistance, environment, societies, spirituality, reform, politics, globalization, geopolitics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.008

N.N. RAVOCHKIN Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences, Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev; Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical Technologies, Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy, Kemerovo, Russiа

IMPORT OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS: PROBLEMS AND SEARCH FOR WAYS TO OVERCOME (PART 1)

The modern world has entered an unprecedented non-linear dynamics, characterized by unpredictability and riskiness of constantly emerging challenges. At present, the vectors of development of nation-states are mainly determined by political and legal institutions, which are assigned more and more new functions and with which the population associates a variety of expectations. Transformation of management practices and changes in the functionality of power structures are vital for key actors, but not all countries can develop their own effective political and legal institutions. Nevertheless, it is the relevance to actual challenges that makes it possible to rely on evolutionary development scenarios desired by states. The first part of the study summarizes the features of the import of political and legal institutions. The author considers the available theoretical approaches and analyzes the practice of transferring political and legal structures. The high role of variables for empirical contexts is emphasized. Important methodological remarks are given on the cultural differences between the countries that have created ideal institutional models and the states directly involved in their import. In conclusion, intermediate results are summed up and vectors are outlined that reveal the role of ideas and intellectuals in political and legal institutional transformations.

Key words: power, society, political and legal institution, import, experience, context, idea.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.009

A.P. PETROV Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

G.B. PRONCHEV Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Sociology at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

HYBRID WARS: FEATURES OF THE PROCESS AND FEATURES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING

The article is devoted to issues related to modern hybrid wars. Modern society, replete with new types of threats, requires new ways to resolve conflicts. A technology that allows you to effectively and quickly have a negative impact on the enemy is hybrid warfare. As a complex, multicomponent phenomenon, it maximally meets the requirements of the current stage of the political, social and historical development of society in the context of conducting modern confrontations. The paper analyzes the features of hybrid wars, identifies its key components, determines the degree of effectiveness of the concept of hybrid wars in modern realities, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a new type of confrontation. The features of the process of mathematical modeling of hybrid wars are analyzed. The article is of interest to specialists dealing with the problems of information confrontation, mathematical modeling of social processes.

Key words: information confrontation, hybrid wars, mathematical modeling, information threats, aggressor state, target state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.010

D.A. CHEMSHIT Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia

POLITICAL CRISIS IN THE SYSTEM OF IDEAS ABOUT POLITICAL INSTABILITY

The central idea of the article is that the political crisis acts as a form of political instability. It is noted that the problem of political crises has received a fairly wide development in the works of modern researchers. The political crisis is interpreted in the scientific world from different approaches: structural-functional, conflictological, institutional, synergistic, etc. It is emphasized that crises can arise under the influence of different factors. In particular, they may be due to the inefficiency of political institutions, structural and functional imbalance, and modernization of the political system.

Key words: political system, political instability, political crisis, political conflict, synergistic approach, structural-functional approach, institutional approach.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.011

D.S. KACHURENKO Assistant of the Department of Law of the National Research University «Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology», Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN FRANCE

The transformation of the French political system in the period after the Great French Revolution to the present is considered. In comparative historical retrospect, the process of indoctrination of the principle of separation of powers into the legal and political system of the five French republics is analyzed. It is noted how the search for a balance of power between branches and authorities and the installation of a system of checks and balances have had and continue to have an impact on the functional properties of the French political system. It is noted that the experience of France is extremely valuable, since it is France that is the birthplace of the theory of the social contract and such a model of separation of powers has been formed in it for a long time, which has proven its effectiveness.

Key words: separation of powers, state, political system, constitutionalism, French Republic, theory of social contract, public administration system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.012

A.V. BOGAPOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE USE OF POPULISM IN THE ELECTION CAMPAIGNS OF DEPUTIES OF THE MOSCOW CITY DUMA OF THE SEVENTH CONVOCATION

The article is devoted to the study of populist practices in the regional elections in Moscow in 2019. The subject of the analysis is the election campaigns of the candidates, as well as their election programs. The conducted research makes it possible to compare populist technologies and rhetoric used by political actors and shows that the use of populism can act as a campaign factor.

Key words: populism, populist rhetoric, election campaign, regional elections, Moscow City Duma, political technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.013

D.I. CHULKOV Postgraduate Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

DECENTRALIZATION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA AS A MECHANISM TO COUNTER MANIPULATION AND PROPAGANDA IN PUBLIC POLICY

The study is aimed at studying the possibilities of using traditional media to counter technologies of information and communication impact on people's thought processes. As a result of the study, the conditions under which the audience of traditional media increases and trust in them grows. The author also comes to the conclusion that the transition to a digital media environment is a change in the institutions and infrastructures of free expression and a form of democratic "creative destruction" that opens up new opportunities for civil society.

Key words: manipulation, propaganda, digital media, traditional media, transformation, democratic creative destruction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.014

A.S. KOZIN Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

BIG DATA AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE WORLD

This article analyzes the Big Data Institute and its impact on the political situation in the country and in the world. It is noted that the widespread use of big data has a negative impact on global security, since big data is used not only by the state or business, but also by terrorist organizations, as evidenced by the terrorist attack in Mumbai. In this regard, the conclusion is drawn that propaganda of information security and work with the public to disseminate information that any activity on the Internet leaves digital traces that can subsequently be used against each user and society in in general. In this regard, the purpose of this article was to analyze the impact of big data on the political environment. Achieving this goal became possible against the background of solving such problems as analyzing big data, assessing their impact, and developing measures aimed at optimizing the considered area. The historical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the formal-logical method acted as a methodological basis. As a result of the study, the author formulates the conclusion that big data should be understood as huge amounts of data that, using a variety of analytical methods, for example, using the machine learning method, can reveal certain patterns, as well as establish correlations and trends. The main idea in the field of processing such data is that the huge amount of data allows users to have information that would hardly be found in the analysis of smaller data. When studying big data, it was found that cybercriminals and terrorist organizations may well use them, and therefore, measures of high preventive importance come to the fore.

Key words: big data, threat, state, security, information, opportunities.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.015

M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in foreign policy Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia

STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTI-RUSSIAN WESTERN PROPAGANDA: STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation depends on how the patriotic generation is brought up and how it learns patriotic values: love for the Motherland and protection of its interests, care for it and upholding its values. Today, the most important factor in the actualization and increase in the importance of patriotic work is the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine, which gave rise to a new round of anti-Russian Western propaganda. Within the framework of this article, the author considers promising areas of patriotic education as the basis for countering this negative phenomenon, which poses a serious threat to the spiritual security of Russia.

Key words: anti-Russian propaganda, public administration, youth, national security, patriotism, patriotic education, Russia, special military operation, values.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.016

I.A. KISHUEVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY AND DIGITAL DISINTEGRATION OF RUSSIA

The "Industry 4.0" is a modern stage of exponential development of global industrial capitalism. The "Fourth Industrial Revolution" is a term by Klaus Schwab and characterized by a systemic fusion of a wide range of technologies and their universal interaction in the physical, digital and biological fields.

New dynamic combinations of technology, market and society are had significant matter for all participants of international relations – from international institutions to governments, society and business. Innovative development and competitive environment for the IT industry are priority which is necessary not only for sustainable economic development, but modern state infrastructure and security.

This is research of the IT industry state regulation instruments in Russia on a framework of a coordinated strategy isolation from the leading technological powers. In this context, the key subject of the study is the digital sovereignty of a country that has become disintegrated with relatively high technology development and actively state and society involvement in modern digital interaction. The objective of the study is to track the short-term dynamics and direction variations of the country's 4.0 industry in unique political circumstances.

Key words: Industry 4.0, IT, sanctions, digital governance, digital state, digital sovereignty, international relations, digital constitutionalism.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.017

A.N. NAZAROV Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science (PhD), Senior Lecturer at Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

GLOBALIZATION AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT

This scientific article analyzes the problems associated with ensuring the security of political development in the context of deepening globalization processes.

The article also substantiates the thesis of the effectiveness of the implementation of "preventive" democracy to achieve stability and political development. The author examines the modern experience of the sovereign political development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The role and significance of the Development Strategy is emphasized, on the basis of which the progressive movement along the path of deepening democratic reforms is being implemented.

Key words: globalization, political development, democracy, security, "preventive democracy", Development Strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.018

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. ZHIVOTOVA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA'S DIALOGUE PARTNERSHIP AND ASEAN IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTI-RUSSIAN PROXY WARS AND THREAT GROWTH ASEANO-CENTRISM IN SEA

In the proposed article, the authors attempt to analyze the prospects for the development of Russia-ASEAN relations in the conditions of, firstly, the anti-Russian proxy war of the collective West and, secondly, the strengthening of the confrontational component in the concept of Indo-Pacifism and the growing threat to ASEAN-centrism in Southeast Asia. All this cannot but cause Moscow growing concern for the peaceful future of the region. The authors believe that this topic is relevant, since at present there is a high probability of a cardinal reorientation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation to the Asian direction, when in modern conditions, de facto, according to Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, dialogue with Western countries does not make sense. Today we have come to the border when the sanctions programs of the collective West against Russia are SDN (Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons), SSI (Sectoral Sanctions Identifications) and sanctions provided for by the US Law "On Countering America's Adversaries through Sanctions" of 2017 (CAATSA) and others, such as the introduction of the USA and others The G7 countries' price limit on Russian oil, as well as the possibility of limiting gas prices, including pipeline and liquefied natural gas (LNG), do not imply a mutually beneficial dialogue. In these circumstances, the need for an audit of the system of Russian foreign economic and foreign policy relations becomes natural. In the context of the accelerated rupture of economic and political relations with the EU countries, the state and business structures of our country are increasingly beginning to build economic and business contacts with the so far relatively politically neutral Southeast Asia, united within the framework of the ASEAN integration bloc. The task of the authors is to explore the possibility of direct dialogues with Southeast Asian countries in order to concentrate Russia's foreign policy activities in the Asian direction. The relationship of the ASEAN countries with Russia and the West is considered as an object of research, and the global crisis in international relations affecting the change of direction of Russian foreign policy is considered as a subject.

Key words: foreign policy relations, security, ASEAN, Russia, West.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.019

XIONG LEPING Ph.D., Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China

HE HAOYUE Student, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China

CHINA'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

This article analyzes the cooperation priorities of the Belt and Road Initiative, examines its core connotation, reveals the relationship between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with global governance and China's "soft power". By promoting the Belt and Road Initiative, China offers the whole world its concept of global governance, which consists in "extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits", thereby advocating multilateralism in international relations and spreading its own "soft power".

Key words: Belt and Road Initiative, Global Governance, China, Soft Power, Cooperation and Development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.020

V.N. DAVYDOV Candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for modern policy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

T.А. NGUYEN Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.L. ZOTKINA Master of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

INDICATORS OF VIETNAM'S POLITICAL STABILITY

The article analyzes the essence of political stability, elucidates the indicators of measuring political stability, its social functions, examines the theoretical aspects of political stability, instability, factors of its formation and mechanisms of preservation in transitional societies, the possibility of forming political stability. Based on international indices, the level of political stability of Vietnam in comparison with other countries is shown.

Key words: Vietnam, political stability, political stability index, indicators of political stability.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.021

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

A.S. ISKHAKOV Master’s Degree Student, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

TURKEY'S "SOFT POWER" AND ITS ROLE IN FOREIGN POLICY

The study of the development of the Turkish model of "soft power" and its implementation in the countries that emerged after the collapse of the USSR, which became the field of geopolitical interests of a number of countries, shows the features of the mechanism of influence of "soft power", the principles of forming the image of Turkey and methods of carrying out its interests abroad, which is necessary to keep in mind when implementing Russian "soft power", especially in the post-Soviet countries.

Key words: soft power, Westernism, pan-Islamism, pan-Turkism, international security, Kemalism, strategic interests, Turkey, Russia, CIS.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.022

URPER MEHMET Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian Relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

FOUNDATIONS OF CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF MECHANISMS OF CONSOLIDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE TURKISH STATE IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CULTURE OF TURKISH SOCIETY

The presented article is devoted to the study at the beginning of the 21st century of the issue of the role and significance of the cultural and diplomatic component in the process of implementing the foreign policy program and the activity of the Republic of Turkey on a regional and global scale. In parallel with this, the emphasis is placed on defining the concept of the picture of the world of cultural and mental consciousness against the background of the society of the Turkic and Muslim societies, which is of particular necessity and is extremely relevant for the full demonstration of the features of cultural identity as the main source in order to ensure the national state status of the sovereignty of modern Turkey. on the world stage. In this context, within the framework of this topical topic, the subject of research is the question of the evolution of the form of manifestation of the cultural diplomatic orientation in modern Turkish politics in the period of republicanism and in the period of the AKP. That is, during the period of representatives of the Kemalist state power with the principles of classical republicanism and representatives of a new form of cultural political model with the ideological legacy of the era of rule of the geopolitical space of the Ottoman Empire.

At the same time, the purpose of this study is to compile the most objective picture of the effectiveness and dynamics of the active foreign policy actions of the Turkish government by attracting attracted international organizations to stimulate a favorable image of Turkey in different countries and regions of the world space. Along with this, the article analyzes the influence of cultural values on the mechanisms of the dynamics of Turkey’s foreign policy program, specifically, if, then what form of political diplomacy contributes to the implementation of the concept of “Imperialism 2.0.” republican character. It is important to say here that in the modern system of international relations, interstate ties are strengthened taking into account the cultural factor of different societies.

Key words: Cultural diplomacy, Turkey, Turkic world, international relations, pan-Islamism, Central Asia, Middle East.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.023

K.A. ISAEV Postgraduate Student, Department of international relations and integration processes, Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

U.S. POLICY TOWARDS VENEZUELA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2013 TO 2022

Aim. To analyze U.S. policy towards Venezuela during presidential terms of B. Obama, D. Trump, J. Biden.

Methodology. The author used content-analysis and comparative methods in the scientific research, thanks to which it was able to identify sensitive approaches towards Venezuela of three U.S. presidents. Instruments of U.S. foreign policy strategy, in practice which implemented against their Latin American opponent, were described thanks to the system method. The statistic method made it possible to evaluate the extent of the negative impact of American foreign policy on the course of the Venezuelan economic crisis.

Results. Despite the fact that American policy complicated the course of political and economic crisis in Venezuela actually Washington has not been able to reach is the key goal in Bolivarian Republic, particularly to overthrow N. Maduro’s government.

Key words: Venezuela, the USA, foreign policy strategy, N. Maduro, sanctions, overthrow.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.024

E.S. VASETSOVA PhD in Political sciences, an assistant professor of IAAS MSU, Moscow, Russia

ZHANG JUNYI Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE ROLE OF MEDICAL DIPLOMACY OF PRC IN APR REGIONAL INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the analysis of PRC medical diplomacy practices in relation to the APR countries during the pandemic. Based on the analysis, the author assumes that in the context of regional integration and the emergence of a new wave of the pandemic, China's medical diplomacy serves as a policy tool to promote regional integration.

Key words: medical diplomacy, vaccine diplomacy, world politics, China, ASEAN, COVID-19 pandemic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.025

LIU JINGYUAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

CHINA’S APPROACH TO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM

The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of the concept of "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind", proposed by the President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping. And approaches to the implementation of this concept. Comes to the conclusion that the concept of the "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind" is an important step for China on the path to reforming the global governance system. The approaches of the concepts of the "a Community of Shared Future for Mankind" include the priority of theoretical strategies, management, determine their own strategic position regarding the reform of the global governance system and promote regional governance strategies.

Key words: global governance, PRC, global governance system, the concept of “a Community of Shared Future for Mankind”, conceptual foundations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.026

M.A. MOHEBI Postgraduate student, political sciences and regional studies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE AND ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN THE FORMATION OF IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO GENERATIONS IN IRAN

The research problem lies in the fact that the Iranian Revolution, which took place in the country in 1979, changed the ideological and political content of state processes in a key way. And the "cultural revolution", which immediately followed it, led to a change in the principles of the work of national mass media and the filling of their content. The difference in the rising generations, a significant part of which today does not remember the revolution and receives information about it from various sources that perform the function of their socialization, suggests a difference in the perception of political reality.

The purpose of the article is to determine the influence and role of the media in creating a generational gap in Iran.

Methods. The basis of the research methodology was the communicative approach, thanks to which it became possible to identify the mass media as the key institutions of the political processes of the states of the XX-XXI century. The concepts of neoliberalism can be considered an addition to the communicativist approach. A set of general scientific methods, such as comparison, synthesis, analysis, was used as a methodological toolkit for the work. In addition, methods of retrospective analysis and analysis of information messages were used, which made it possible to trace the dynamics and current results of mass media influence.

Results. The Iranian media continue to provide a gap between the generations of the population of this state. As a rule, this division is due to several factors: political orientation, international or domestic vector of broadcasting of a certain media and its type (print, television, radio or electronic), which determines the audience that will address it.

Conclusions. The influence of mass media in the formation of Iranian generations was the most direct. They served as a consolidating core for various social groups in the country. Since today the degree of this consolidation seems to be the smallest, compared with previous periods, the most beneficial option for everyone may be the option of reducing government control over the Iranian media and stimulating their national activity.

Key words: mass media, Islamic Republic of Iran, generation gap, social performances, country's leadership.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.027

E.N. RYZHKIN Research assistant at the Centre for Comprehensive European and International Studies of National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia

AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ITALY'S FOREIGN POLICY CAPACITY AND ITS NATIONAL INTERESTS IN LIBYA BETWEEN 2011 AND 2020

The article analyses the extent to which Italy's course in Libya was successful during the 2011-2020 period. On the basis of political realism theory, national interests of the Italian Republic in Libya were studied and ranked, and the former’s foreign policy potential was assessed. The study used a correlation analysis of data that included information on Italy's resources and policies towards Libya. The study 1) highlighted the key interests of the Republic vis-à-vis Libya, 2) indicated Italy's inability to meet all needs due to extremely limited capacity, 3) confirmed the negative result of Italy's use of multilateral foreign policy instruments that do not promote its interests, and 4) established that it is more effective when peaceful bilateral instruments are used to maintain the Italian-Libyan dialogue.

Key words: Italy, Libya, national interests, foreign policy potential, correlation analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.028

CHZHAN CHEN`I Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

DID CHINA REALLY LOSE FROM PELOSI'S VISIT?

The solution of the Taiwan issue remains a priority in the policy of the PRC. The confrontation between the US and China is intensifying, the principle of “one China” is being violated. The United States is striving in any way to maintain its global leadership, which is proved by the provocation in the Ukrainian direction, and now also the addition of the Taiwanese direction. China has taken coordinated response actions – these are military maneuvers, economic and political sanctions. The purpose of our study is to determine the significance of Pelosi's visit from the standpoint of China's political strategy towards Taiwan. An integrated approach is used to identify the totality of consequences associated with the speaker's visit, which makes it possible to assess China's strategy towards resolving the Taiwan issue.

Key words: China, Taiwan, international relations, international security, "one China principle", sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.029

YANCHA TUASA SEGUNDO ELIAS Post-graduate student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

E.A. BOGDANOVA Master student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

D.O. USHAKOVA Master of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ECUADOR. DOLLARIZED ECONOMY AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Crises affect countries in different ways. Ecuador, having experienced an unsustainable inflationary process in the late 1990s and early 2000s, resorted to dollarization as a response to the crisis. Since then, the dollar has become legal a method of payment, a store of value, and a unit of account or exchange. This study provides a brief description of the impact of dollarization on the Ecuadorian economy, and then takes a closer look at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dollarized economy of Ecuador. It can be concluded that the national production apparatus consists of investments in capital with a low technological component. This significantly affects the development of the activities of the national production sector, which, in the context of the pandemic, has not reached an adequate level of transition to the digital mode of operation. On the other hand, it became clear that the digitalization of production, marketing and consumption is the first step towards a digital economy. The second step is the digital transformation of companies. It requires a change in business processes, including the introduction of new technologies aimed at using their advantages and applications in the state, industry, science and society.

Key words: dollarization, economic growth, COVID-19, remote work, Internet access, crisis, small and medium enterprises, digitalization, consequences.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.030

D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.R. DEMIDOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

G.A. KAPATSYNA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CHINA'S POLICY IN XUAR: ITS DIRECTIONS, MAIN REASONS, AND WAYS TO RESOLVE THE INTERETHNIC CONFLICT

In the current international situation, the Asia-Pacific region is an important area for realizing the interests of our country, and the strategy of "Russia's Pivot to the East" has long been announced by Vladimir Putin as one of the priorities for its foreign policy agenda. In recent years, Russia, having met opposition from Western countries on the way to reviving its status as a great power, has turned the focus of its foreign policy to the East. Relations with China are becoming a foreign policy priority. An important point in these relations is the interaction of the two states in Central Asia. That is why it is important to study the relations between China and the countries of the region, since their changes will also affect Russia's position in it. In turn, relations between these countries and the PRC are seriously affected by the situation in Xinjiang and Beijing's policy in this multinational region.

The problems of the influence of the PRC policy in Xinjiang on the cooperation between Central Asia and China have long attracted the attention of domestic and foreign researchers. In this article, the author analyzes the policy of the PRC in the XUAR, studies its goals, objectives, challenges, and prospects.

Key words: international relations, foreign policy, Asia-Pacific region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, ethnic policy, socio-economic development, security, religious extremism, interethnic conflict.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.031

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

K.R. ILINSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

N.D. PAKHMUTOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

CONFRONTATION OF THE UNITED STATES WITH OTHER STATES IN OUTER SPACE ON THE EXAMPLE OF RELATIONS WITH CHINA

Modern researchers often compare positions within the Russia-USA-PRC triangle in space. Indeed, China is beginning to catch up, and in some areas even overtake the United States.

The international situation in the field of space exploration is undergoing rapid changes. The United States of America finds itself in a new strategic environment, which leads to renewal of its relations with countries on issues of space legal regulation.

In this article, the author reviews the US relations with other state actors in outer space based on the years of America's accumulated space potential, and also pays attention to the importance of legal regulation of the processes of space interactions at the interstate level.

Key words: international relations, foreign policy, space policy, security, superpowers, China, USA, scientific and technological progress, confrontation, outer space, space exploration, world leadership, arms race, lunar program.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.032

LEI SHUYANG Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CONTRASTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY IN HISTORY RUSSIA AND CHINA

The article is devoted to the opposition of foreign policy in the history of Russia and China. The opposition of principles, approaches and strategies for the development of the foreign policy of Russia and China is most clearly manifested in the context of international relations, which have a long history of foreign policy relations. During the Soviet period, the foreign policy of both countries was determined by ideological factors and the hostile environment of the Cold War era. Contradictions and crises in the foreign policy of Russia and China were due to ideological differences, cultural differences, disagreements on territorial issues and the unequal nature of relations. By the beginning of the 21st century, in the foreign policy course of Russia and China, there was a tendency towards close international cooperation, towards the convergence of political positions on the main directions of world development. At the same time, the United States and the West were considered at that time as partners in economic and political cooperation. The general and national principles and strategies of China's modern foreign policy, which include openness, reform, tradition and hegemony, are characterized. The specificity of the opposition between the foreign policy of Russia and China is reflected in the activities of various international alliances and blocs. China in the field of international activities is aimed at achieving the goal of developing the world economic system and expanding economic cooperation among the member states of the group. Russia, unlike China, is characterized by a position on international cooperation in resolving issues in the field of ensuring international security. The principles of «soft power» continue to be the common features of the foreign policy of Russia and China to this day.

Key words: Russia, China, foreign policy, soft power, multipolarity.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.85.9.033

D.S. MYASNIKOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.I. VARODI Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

M.A. BULYGIN Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

SOCIAL MEDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

The global trends of our time show that the phenomenon of social networks is gaining momentum. It moved from the entertainment and advertising realm to the political realm. Social networks are one of the forms of communication. Its entered everyday life and also changed the nature of human interaction, including the contacts of citizens in the field of politics.

In this article, the author examines the influence of social networks on the electoral behavior of Russians in comparison with similar influence abroad. The role of social media and the prospects for improving its impact on the electoral process are being explored.

Political communication in society is becoming more interactive, acting on the principles of the network. In the era of openness and transparency, dry official information about the activities of state actors no longer inspires confidence, and the attention of citizens is increasingly attracted by their "live" accounts on social networks. In addition, social media remains a convenient platform for the dissemination of information and a tool of “soft power” for politicians who use the opportunity to recreate their positive image online and attract voters.

Key words: social networks, elections, election campaign, election process, modern Russia, presidential elections, State Duma, political parties, politician, civil society.

OUR AUTHORS

AKHPATELOV B.R. – Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia.

AMAN S. – Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

BAKANINA D.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BARANOVA Y.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BELOVA L.G. – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department foreign regional studies of the Institute of International Relations and Socio-Political Sciences of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia.

BRAGIN A.D. – PhD Student, Junior researcher of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia.

CHEMSHIT D.A. – Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.

CHEPELYUK S.G. – Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

CHU CHENGCHENG – Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

DAVYDOV D.R. – Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia.

EMELYANOV A.I. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies Institute of International Relations and Socio-Political Sciences, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia.

FURMAN F.P. – Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

GALIEVA S.I. – Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia.

GALIEVA G.M. – Senior lecturer of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia.

GAO DAI – Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

GIMALIEV V.G. – Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Department of foreign languages N 2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia.

GOERLITZ H. – Independent researcher, Wiesbaden, Germany.

GU XIAOYAN – Russian Teacher, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.

GUZAEROV R.I. – Junior Researcher, Department of Middle and Post-Soviet East Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

ILINSKAYA K.R. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

JURAQULOV F.N. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, First Deputy Head of the Republican center of spirituality and enlightenment, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.

KAPUSTIN A.S. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

KHACHATRYAN D.A. – CEO of Kaskada LLC, Moscow, Russia.

KHORBALADZE E.L. – PhD student, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University; Fox International Fellow (researcher), MacMillan Center, Yale University, Moscow, Russia.

KOSTINA A.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

KOZYREVA M.S. – Ph.D. student, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

KRASILNIKOV S.V. – Ph.D., Associate professor, department of theory and history of state and law North-West institute of management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

LEONOVA A.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

LIDZHIEVA K.N. – PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of global studies, Moscow, Russia.

LIU JIA – Postgraduate student of the Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

LUKIN A.D. – Graduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

MADYUKOVA S.A. – PhD in Philosophy, Senior Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.

MAGADIEV M.F. – Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in the foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

MANAPOV S.SH. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

MATYASHOVA D.O. – PhD student of Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

MIKHALEVICH E.A. – PhD student of Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

MIROSHNIKOV V.S. – Independent researcher, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russia.

MYASNIKOV D.S. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

NAZAROVA N.A. – Candidate of economic sciences, Director, Autonomous non-profit organization "Institute for the Development of Entrepreneurship and Economics", Moscow, Russia.

NECHAI A.A. – Senior Lecturer, Saint-Petersburg Peter the Great Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

NEVMERZHITSKII A.L. – Director of UK Praktika LLC, Moscow, Russia.

NIKITINA A.A. – Student of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

NOVOSELOV S.V. – Commercial director of Vash Dom LLC, Moscow, Russia.

OMONOV R.R. – Researcher at the Department of Civil Society and legal education of the National University Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

PAKHMUTOV N.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

RODIONOVA M.E. – Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

RYAZANTSEV S.V. – Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Director of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia.

SAMUSEVA O.A. – Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

SHAKUN E.N. – Director of the educational department work with students of the Russian University friendship of peoples, Moscow, Russia.

SIMAKOVA V.K. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

TELEGIN D.S. – Graduate student, the Department of Globalistics at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

TIMAKHOV K.V. – Postgraduate student of Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

VOLKOV A.V. – Graduate student, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

WANG CONGYUE – PhD student of the Department of International Political Processes School of Political Science, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

WANG ZHAOXU – Postgraduate student of the Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

YUE SIQI –  Master`s student at St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

OUR AUTHORS

BOGAPOVA A.V. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

BOGDANOVA E.A. – Master student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

BRATKOVSKAYA D.V. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

BULYGIN M.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

CHEMSHIT A.A. – D.Sc. (political science), Professor, Professor at the Department of Political Science and Philosophy, Institute of Social Sciences and International Relations, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.

CHEMSHIT D.A. – Candidate of political sciences, Docent of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Law Institute of the Federal State Educational Institution, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.

CHULKOV D.I. – Postgraduate Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

CHZHAN CHEN`I – Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

DAVYDOV V.N. – Candidate of political Sciences, associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute for modern policy of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

DEMIDOVA E.R. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

DOBRYNINA E.Ya. – Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy of politics and law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

HE HAOYUE – Student, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China.

ILINSKAYA K.R. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

ISAEV K.A. – Postgraduate Student, Department of international relations and integration processes, Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

ISKHAKOV A.S. – Master’s Degree Student, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.

KACHURENKO D.S. – Assistant of the Department of Law of the National Research University «Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology», Moscow, Russia.

KAKHAROVA M. – Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Deputy Director of the Institute of Social and Spiritual Research, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

KAPATSYNA G.A. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

KISHUEVA I.A. – Postgraduate student of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy, RSUH, Moscow, Russia.

KOSTINA A.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

KOZIN A.S. – Postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

LEI SHUYANG – Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

LIU JINGYUAN – Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

MAGADIEV M.F. – Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in foreign policy Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

MOHEBI M.A. – Postgraduate student, political sciences and regional studies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

MYASNIKOV D.S. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

NAZAROV A.N. – Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science (PhD), Senior Lecturer at Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

NGUYEN T.A. – Post-graduate student of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

PAKHMUTOV N.D. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

PERSIDSKAYA O.A. – Junior Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.

PETROV A.P. – Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Leading Researcher at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

PRONCHEV G.B. – Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Sociology at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

RAVOCHKIN N.N. – Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences, Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev; Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical Technologies, Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy, Kemerovo, Russia.

RYZHKIN E.N. – Research assistant at the Centre for Comprehensive European and International Studies of National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow, Russia.

SALIEVA N.E. – Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science (PhD), First Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs of the Jizzakh University (Sambhram University), Jizzakh, Uzbekistan.

SHANGARAEV R.N. – Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SOLODOVA G.S. – Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.

TUSHKOV A.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia.

URPER MEHMET – Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian Relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

USHAKOVA D.O. – Master of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

VARODI A.I. – Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.

VASETSOVA E.S. – PhD in Political sciences, an assistant professor of IAAS MSU, Moscow, Russia.

XIONG LEPING – Ph.D., Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China.

YANCHA TUASA SEGUNDO ELIAS – Post-graduate student of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

ZHANG JUNYI – Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia.

ZHIVOTOVA D.A. – Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia.

ZOTKINA A.L. – Master of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

ZUBOVA O.G. – Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Technologies at the Faculty of Sociology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

   
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