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№ 1 (101), 2024

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 1 (101), 2024

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Pritula M.S. State Sovereignty as the Theoretical and Practical-Political Problem

Rebrov A.I. Local Political Identity

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Chernykhovskaya E.V. The Historical Context of the Image of Heroism and Patriotism in Russian Textbooks

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Kornienko O.Yu. Identification Features of Russian Elites

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Wenzel S.V. The Role of Subjects of Preventive Influence in the System of Countering the Spread of Political Extremism in the Environment of New Media

Nguyen Thi Anh. National Policy on Equality Among Ethnics is a Factor that Ensures the Political Stability of Vietnam Currently

Tsvyak A.A. Political Factors of the Importance of Private Military Companies

Fatixov N.D. Prospects for the Development of Deliberative Democracy in the System of Urban Local Self-Government of Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Okudzhava Kh.Z. Introduction of Digital Technologies Into Regional Management (Based on Materials from the Moscow Region)

Poyarkov R.A. Digital Competencies as a Key Element of the Professional Standard for Civil Servants in Russia

Zherokov M. Improving the Educational System and Systems of Measures to Prevent Terrorist Acts in Schools

Ashmarina A.A. “Biosafety” and “Biosecurity” in Russia in the Context of the Development of Digital Technologies

Litvin L.A. Risks and Prospects of E-Government Implementation in the Context of Public Administration Transformation in the Russian Federation

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Smirnova A.S. Trends of Human Security in the Modern World

An Nan. Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation of the SCO Countries

Grebnev R.D. World of Islam Background (in the Context of Iranian Foreign Policy)

Sviridov A.A. Arctic Vector of Russian Policy

Suchkova A.A. Stages of Bilateral Relations Between the Republic of Korea and New Zealand

Xu Mengzhu. China's Soft Power: Global Initiatives and Interaction with Russia

Tushkov A.A., Alyaeva L.A., Bukharova Yu.A., Puchenkov D.O. On the Question of Some Approaches in the Methodology of the Study of Russian Civilizational Development

Tyukov N.A., Shapovalov V.L., Nikulin E.R. Interpretative Models of the Value Spectrum of Russian Youth: Meanings, Personalities and Concept Words

Farah A.S. Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies and the Reshaping of Governance, Politics and Society

Che Qingzhou, Kalashnikova N.P. The Role of Congress in US Foreign Policy (Taiwan’s Case During the Presidency of Barack Obama)

Yurchenko P.S. The Kurdish Question as a Modern Threat to the Republic of Turkey

Antropova S.Yu., Ivanova N.V. Refugees and Migrants Problem in Germany at the Present Stage

Epremyan M. Features of Political Power in Modern Armenia

Krupianko M.I., Areshidze L.G. Japanese Nationalism as the Main Unificating and Protective Force of the Nation in the New World Order of the XXI Century (Part I)

Lu Wanqing. Russia's Interests in Central Asia

Mosakova E.A., Zolotarev I.A. Cryptocurrencies in International Finance: Challenges on the Road to Becoming a World Currency

Muravyeva A.E. Egypt's Role in Resolving the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

Novitskaya A.A., Tulupov D.S. The Principle of Neutrality of the Swiss Confederation through the Press of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

Privalov V.A. The Evolution of Relations Between Russia and Turkey During Periods of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Escalation

Saprynskaia D.V., Syzdykova Zh.S. Between the Census of 1897 and 1926: Some Aspects of the National Composition of the Population of Kazakhstan

SCIENTIFIC CONVERSATIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

Medvedev N.P. On the Question about the Subject Field Political Science

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.001

M.S. PRITULA PhD student, Russian University Friendship of Peoples named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia

STATE SOVEREIGNTY AS THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL-POLITICAL PROBLEM

The article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the problem of state sovereignty. The development of the field of digital democracy largely depends on how well the conceptual dimensions are understood and how clearly the concepts of state sovereignty are defined. There is a lack of scientific research aimed at identifying this connection between the digital state and state sovereignty in the context of the modern Russian political system.

The purpose of the work is to identify the features of the analysis of the problem of state sovereignty as a theoretical and practical-political problem in the context of political science theory.

The purpose can be achieved through solving the following tasks:

1) Consider the concept of state sovereignty;

2) Formulate various definitions of state sovereignty;

3) Identify problems and prospects for the development of state sovereignty.

The methodological basis of the study involves the use of a comparative method to determine the general foundations of the digital state and state sovereignty in the political science views of Lee, Johnson and other authors.

Results. In the course of theoretical research, it was suggested that state sovereignty consists, first of all, in the expression of the will to self-determination of a socio-cultural community, designated as a nation. The article analyzed the contrast between international freedom of the digital economy and state sovereignty using the example of Russia, as well as the relationship of the digital economy and state sovereignty in modern Russia in the light of recent events in the Northern Military District in Ukraine and in the world.

Conclusion. We made the conclusion that in the case of states (for example, Russia) that have already achieved political unity, sovereignty manifests itself devoid of controversial content in order to become an expression of the will to “live together”, protecting the independence and integrity of the country.

Key words: state sovereignty, national sovereignty, states, country independence, nation, power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.002

A.I. REBROV Post-graduate student of ION RANEPA, Moscow, Russia

LOCAL POLITICAL IDENTITY

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of local political identity and analyzes approaches to the study of identity adopted in Russian and Western political science. Based on the methodology of social constructivism and the concepts of A. Assman, R. Brubaker and J. Urria, the author proposes a model of local political identity consisting of three blocks. The first block consists of elements of the identification process, methods of mapping the surrounding reality and choosing a behavioral strategy. In turn, consisting of categories applied to oneself and others, as well as their hierarchical connectivity, social stereotypes common in the local community regarding the expected behavior of its members, mental schemes used to categorize the situation. The second block is the material and information environment in which identity is formed and reproduced. As elements of the environment, narratives about the locality in which the community under study is localized, “places of memory” around which the identity of the community is organized (monuments, recognizable architectural objects, landscapes, toponyms), and commemorative practices used to reproduce the identity of the community are identified. The third block is the involvement of the local community in the national and transnational context. Involvement is represented by a set of networks and flows (tourism, export of goods, etc.) present in the local community, the structure and composition of elites and public organizations, infrastructure, “localization” of the community (local media, local history museums, etc.).

Key words: political identity, local identity, memory, local community.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.003

E.V. CHERNYKHOVSKAYA Candidate of Science (History), Stavropol, Russia

THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE IMAGE OF HEROISM AND PATRIOTISM IN RUSSIAN TEXTBOOKS

The article presents an analysis of educational literature for primary, secondary schools and gymnasiums of tsarist, Soviet and modern Russia. It focuses on how the phenomenon of heroism was conceptualized in Russian educational literature from the late XIX to the early 20s of the XXI century as part of the study of history in elementary and secondary schools, as well as how the concept of patriotism was interpreted in Russian history textbooks of this period. The article is a search for a model of returning to the traditional domestic origins of the education of patriotism and citizenship, the introduction of which into the teaching of history at school is a task of national importance.

Key words: feat, patriotism, state ideology, patriotic education, citizenship, historical context.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.004

O.YU. KORNIENKO Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

IDENTIFICATION FEATURES OF RUSSIAN ELITES

The article examines identification features of the Russian elites, determined by the system of their upbringing on the national values and attitudes of the Russian people, as well as the planless nature of Russian elite’s upbringing. The study notes that the most important component in development of the elites is the approach to their education on the values inherent to the nation, which is analyzed by the author diachronically.

The analyzed material revealed that since the pre-Mongol period Russian educational approach to general upbringings, as well as elite upbringing, has been characterized by a comprehensive educational approach, determines by moral and spiritual principles. It is typical for the Russian tradition to place emphasis on highly professional, specialized training of elites with less attention to the development of their management skills.

Haphazard development of the Russian elite is determined by an external context, a somewhat unsystematic approach to the ways of education, and significantly depends on the vector of the state development. The material in question leads to the conclusion about the need to correlate the education of the elites with the national idea and identification values and attitudes, and the need to combine the traditional approach to training a highly professional specialized elite with developed management skills and abilities.

Key words: elites, national values, attitudes, haphazard development, specialized education.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.005

S.V. WENZEL Head of the Analytical and Educational Activities Department NCPTI FGANU Research Institute "Spetsvuzavtomatika", Rostov-on-Don, Russia

THE ROLE OF SUBJECTS OF PREVENTIVE INFLUENCE IN THE SYSTEM OF COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF NEW MEDIA

The presented research is devoted to the issue of building an effective system to counter the spread of political extremism in the environment of new media. The direct subjects of preventive action, represented at all levels (federal, regional and local), have an important role. The classification of subjects is based on the areas of activity: the implementation of preventive work in real time and the conduct of information work in the media space, including monitoring, educational work and the functioning of a community of experts.

Key words: political extremism, new media, technologies, countering extremism, subjects of prevention.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.006

NGUYEN THI ANH Postgraduate student of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL POLICY ON EQUALITY AMONG ETHNICS IS A FACTOR THAT ENSURES THE POLITICAL STABILITY OF VIETNAM CURRENTLY

Research on ethnic equality and ethnic equality policies is becoming increasingly necessary and important. Because current practice shows that most major socio-political changes in countries are related to ethnic issues and of course any country is at risk of facing ethnic issues. Ethnicity, whether directly or indirectly, and even disguised under the cloak of national colors. As a multi-ethnic country, Vietnam has always paid attention to the policy of equality among ethnic groups and achieved important achievements. The article aims to analyze the basic contents to prove that the policy of ethnic equality is a factor ensuring political stability in Vietnam today.

Key words: Ethnic equality policy, Vietnam, political stability, sabotage, culture.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.007

A.A. TSVYAK Postgraduate student, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL FACTORS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES

Analysis of private military companies from the point of view of political factors of their existence and development is an extremely relevant topic against the backdrop of the dynamic expansion of their activities, but at the same time it is still insufficiently developed in the relevant scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to identify and specify these factors. The article examines the key elements that determine the increased political importance of private military companies in the context of the functioning of military-political structures and government institutions. Key similar requests emanating from state structures are identified and analyzed, such as the need for projection of power, natural attempts to avoid condemnation from the world community as a whole or individual states, and reducing the volume of potential criticism within the state itself. The mechanisms for their effective implementation are shown, allowing political institutions to achieve their foreign policy and domestic policy goals, while avoiding associated reputational risks or the development of diverse crisis phenomena.

Key words: political security factors, private military companies, military-political institutions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.008

N.D. FATIXOV Member of the Precinct Election Commission No. 292, electoral lawyer, independent researcher, Ufa, Russia

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY IN THE SYSTEM OF URBAN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT OF RUSSIA

The subject of the research in the scientific article is the problems of functioning of the system of urban local self-government in Russia in the conditions of the information society. In the article analyzes the current state of social communications, taking into account existing research in the field of citizen's participation in political activities. The main problems in the development of municipal government in urban districts and their impact on the protest activity of citizens are highlighted. Methods of developing democratic procedures based on deliberative democracy are proposed.

Key words: deliberative democracy, public hearing, local self-government, territorial self-government bodies, political communications.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.009

KH.Z. OKUDZHAVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO REGIONAL MANAGEMENT (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE MOSCOW REGION)

The article discusses the issues of digital transformation of the regional management system using the example of the Moscow region. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to improve the quality and efficiency of the work of regional and municipal authorities, and to increase the population’s satisfaction with their activities. The purpose of the work is to, based on a generalization of the best practices of the Moscow region, identify the features of the use of digital technologies in regional management.

The work characterizes the current state of regional management in digital reality, analyzes key documents and information systems of the Moscow region. Particular attention is paid to the Regional Geographic Information System (RGIS) and “Dobrodel”, their role in increasing the efficiency of regional management and improving communication between authorities and citizens is shown. Recommendations for the further development of processes related to digitalization were formulated, a draft strategy “Digital Management of the Moscow Region 2030” was proposed, designed to solve the problems of transferring state and municipal services to a digital format, introducing artificial intelligence technologies in management, creating a unified digital ecosystem for interaction between citizens and representatives business with authorities. The implementation of the project involves 3 stages: the first stage involves developing a strategy and launching pilot digital platforms. The second stage involves replication of successful solutions for their further scaling. The third stage involves the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in key areas of life, providing wide access to provide public services to the population. The implementation of the proposed project plan will allow the Moscow region to maintain its leading position in Russia in terms of the level of digitalization of public administration and the quality of provision of electronic services to residents of the region.

Key words: digital transformation, digital technologies, regional management, information systems, public administration, Moscow region.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.010

R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch (Orel), Orel, Russia; founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL COMPETENCIES AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD FOR CIVIL SERVANTS IN RUSSIA

This article discusses the issues of the need to develop digital competencies among Russian civil servants and their role in improving the effectiveness of implementing the concept of E-Government. The authors analyze existing educational programs and materials designed to train civil servants and identify the main problems and obstacles in the process of improving their digital qualifications. The lack of national standards for assessing the necessary digital competencies within the framework of E-Government is recognized as a key factor hampering the growth of work efficiency and management effectiveness. The importance of updating qualification criteria for the civil service and developing new knowledge and skills standards that meet the requirements of the digital era is emphasized.

Key words: digital competencies, civil service, E-Government, educational programs, qualification criteria, information and communication competencies, digital qualifications, professional standards, innovative technologies, management activities.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.011

M. ZHEROKOV Graduate student of Slavic-Greco-Latin Academy, Moscow, Russia

IMPROVING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND SYSTEMS OF MEASURES TO PREVENT TERRORIST ACTS IN SCHOOLS

This material discusses ways to improve the educational system and the system of measures to prevent terrorist attacks in schools. First of all, this work highlights the importance of the school's responsibility for raising children. The purpose of the work is to identify the shortcomings of existing systems and consider ways to compensate for them. The result of the material is a recommended list of measures to improve systems for preventing terrorist acts.

Key words: society, state, security, efficiency, management, terrorist attacks, educational system.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.012

A.A. ASHMARINA Candidate of Political Sciences Senior lecturer at IMOMI of Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

“BIOSAFETY” AND “BIOSECURITY” IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

The article discusses the concepts of “biosafety” and “biosecurity” in the context of digitalization in Russia. The author analyzes biological threats to Russian society arising from the influence of external and internal factors. The central place in this work is occupied by the factor of development of digital technologies, which has a huge impact on all spheres of human life. Medicine, agriculture, and public administration are falling under the influence of digitalization. The author concludes that digitalization contributes to the development of biotechnologies and becomes a source of biothreats, including turning a person into an object of politics at various levels.

Key words: national security, biosecurity, biosafety, biological threat, biopolitics, Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.013

L.A. LITVIN PhD in Political science, Associate Professor for the Department of Political and Regional science, Lugansk State Pedagogical University, Lugansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia

RISKS AND PROSPECTS OF E-GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TRANSFORMATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Currently, e-government is becoming an integral part of modern public administration. E-government is a complex technology that allows you to solve several tasks and provide many different services to the public. The main task of e-government is to inform citizens and provide state and municipal services via the Internet for the fastest and highest quality public services. In this regard, it includes the main elements of the national infrastructure. Currently, there are five such elements. They generally represent a unified information technology and telecommunications system of electronic government. On the way of introducing such a large-scale system as «Electronic Government» into the socio-economic reality of any country, various problems may arise, which can be conditionally divided into the following main groups: organizational and legal problems, technological problems, methodological problems, information problems, financial problems. Special attention is paid to the analysis of risks and prospects for the development of «electronic government» in Russia. Potential risks, such as threats to information security, vulnerability of the e-government system to cyberattacks, as well as opportunities and prospects related to improving the efficiency and quality of public administration, improving services for the public and businesses, reducing bureaucratic procedures and increasing transparency of government processes were highlighted. Some promising areas of e-government development in Russia are also highlighted.

Key words: e-government, digital government, transformation, public administration, digital technologies, risks and challenges, portal «Public Services», information security.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.014

A.S. SMIRNOVA Junior Researcher of the Research Department (Military-Humanitarian Studies) Military University, postgraduate student of the Department of politology, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS OF HUMAN SECURITY IN THE MODERN WORLD

The concept of human security was created in the twentieth century. From the moment of its formation to its practical application, more than 50 years have passed, during which it has gained many supporters among scientists who promote and develop it in our time. To identify the relevance of the concept, the author analyzes the UN guiding documents, the work of Latin American and European scientists and identifies three trends in human security: diversification, institutionalization and adaptation. Diversification is represented in the creation and promotion by Latin American scientists of the concept of HUGE (human, gender and environmental security), institutionalization – in the creation and development of the UN trust fund for human security; adaptation – in the refraction of the concept of human security to the realities of a particular country or region. The author also identifies and examines two significant threats to human security – globalization and digitalization.

Key words: human security, trends, adaptation, diversification, institutionalization, Latin America, UN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.015

AN NAN Master student Department of International Relations Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus

CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION OF THE SCO COUNTRIES

The article discusses issues related to cultural and humanitarian cooperation between the SCO countries. The purpose of the study is to study the issues of cooperation between the countries within the SCO in the field of cultural and humanitarian interaction, to identify the main features and features. The main research methods are the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. Priority tasks for the development of cultural and humanitarian exchange between the SCO member states are considered. The main priority areas for cultural and humanitarian cooperation of the SCO countries until 2025 have been studied. The definition of the concept of "mechanism for managing cultural and humanitarian processes" is defined. The mechanism for managing cultural and humanitarian processes of partner countries within the framework of the SCO is studied. The author of the article emphasizes the importance of legislative regulation of cultural and humanitarian development of the SCO member states. Educational institutions play an important role in the formation of cultural awareness and the development of creative potential. Schools and universities should provide students not only with knowledge and skills, but also promote the development of critical thinking and creative thinking, which will help them become active participants in cultural life. It is also important to pay attention to the relationship between culture and economics, as cultural processes often stimulate economic growth and innovative development. Non-profit organizations and cultural institutions also contribute to the management of cultural life in society. They organize various cultural events, support young talented artists and scientists, and provide access to cultural resources for all segments of the population.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the issues of cooperation between the countries within the framework of the SCO in the field of cultural and humanitarian interaction, to identify the main features and features.

Methods: The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The issues of cooperation between the countries within the SCO in the field of cultural and humanitarian interaction have been studied. The main features and features are revealed.

Conclusions: The public and the cultural environment itself play an important role in the mechanism of managing the cultural and humanitarian processes of the SCO member states. The participation of society in the development of culture promotes multifaceted interaction and the exchange of ideas. The formation of public discussion, public opinion and cultural trends are key factors determining the development of culture as a whole. Thus, the mechanism for managing the cultural processes of the SCO countries includes participants and many tools that cooperate to ensure the development of culture. The State, educational institutions, non-profit organizations, cultural institutions and the public play an important role in the formation and development of cultural processes. The interaction between all participants ensures the exchange of ideas, innovation and the preservation of cultural heritage, which contributes to the development of society and its state of well-being.

Key words: culture, humanitarian cooperation, SCO countries, communication, exchange, interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.016

R.D. GREBNEV Candidate of judicial sciences, Professor of the Russian Federation Academy of Military Sciences, senior researcher at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WORLD OF ISLAM BACKGROUND (IN THE CONTEXT OF IRANIAN FOREIGN POLICY)

The relevance of the stated topic is justified by the emphasis on the creation of a global ummah (from Arabic - community, nation) by the foreign policy activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the leadership of President Ibrahim Raisi in the context of differentiation of globalization political processes, as well as the escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, which in the context of the stated topic may be considered as a factor promoting the consolidation of the World of Islam in order to jointly confront Muslim states with the US geopolitical project in the Middle East.

The purpose of the study is to identify internal and external factors influencing each other on Iran’s pragmatic foreign policy, aimed at achieving the status of a regional leader and a potential center of the emerging pole of a multipolar world, correlated with the concept of the “World of Islam”.

The methodological basis of the study was formed by the method of global political forecasting, as well as systemic, actor-based, geopolitical and geo-economic methodological approaches. When conducting the study, the linguistic-legal method was also used in the interpretation of constitutional and legal norms establishing the principles of government and foreign policy priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as a comparative method in studying the approaches of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia to the issues of regionalization of political processes and participation in development of a polycentric system of international relations.

The article defines the contours of the World of Islam as an emerging collective pole of a multipolar world. In this regard, the World of Islam is considered as a concept that can in the future unite the Persian, Arab and Turkic worlds within the framework of a network political entity. This approach predetermined the need to study Iran's foreign policy concept from a comparative perspective. Using the comparative research methodology, internal factors influencing Iran's foreign policy strategy, which arise because of the peculiarities of the political system and collective identity of Iran, were identified, and the strategic directions of Iran's foreign policy were analyzed in a comparative aspect with Turkey and Saudi Arabia.

As a result of the study, the following main conclusions were substantiated. The political unity of the World of Islam can be ensured by the union of Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, jointly performing the functions of a center of geopolitical influence in the structure of the pole of a multipolar world. The cybernetic nature of the political system, the collective identity of Iran, as well as the middle “Shiite crescent” predetermine one of the key meanings of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the consolidation of the ummah and the formation of the World of Islam in the context of the concept of multipolarity.

Key words: regionalization of political processes, globalization of political processes, multipolarity, polycentricity, World of Islam, Iran.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.017

A.A. SVIRIDOV Graduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ARCTIC VECTOR OF RUSSIAN POLICY

The article is devoted to the implementation of the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. The term «Arctic state», sectoral and conventional principles of delimitation of borders are disclosed. The activities of the Arctic Council and international cooperation within the framework of the organization are being studied. Of interest is the special status of the Spitsbergen archipelago: the history of the issue and the current state of affairs. Great attention is paid to the main provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea – such concepts as: internal and historical waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf. The actions of Russia to ensure its national interests in the region, including applications to the United Nations to confirm its sovereignty over the Lomonosov Ridge, are considered. The Concept of Russian Foreign Policy 2023 is studied, as well as activities on the development of infrastructure projects in the Arctic (especially the Northern Sea Route), development of mineral deposits. The objectives and contradictions of different countries in the region are analysed.

Key words: Arctic state, sectoral and conventional principles, Spitsbergen archipelago, Arctic Council, national interests, Northern Sea Route, minerals.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.018

A.A. SUCHKOVA Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages, candidate of Sciences in History Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia

STAGES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND NEW ZEALAND

The development of the Korea-New Zealand relations can be divided into two stages: the 1950s – 1980s and the 1990s – the early 21st century. The first period of the bilateral relations was characterized by successive steps from both sides in the political and economic spheres, that became the basis for promising cooperation both within the bilateral and multilateral framework. The second stage, when the world’s bipolar system was transforming into multipolar one, is marked not only by intensification of interaction between states in the political and economic areas, but also by active development of humanitarian contacts. Bilateral cooperation in the late 20th century – early 21st century is being enriched by collaboration between Republic of Korea and New Zealand in the sphere of culture, education and science which means establishment of full-scale interstate relations at the present stage.

Key words: the Asia-Pacific Region, bilateral relations, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, cooperation stages, trade and economic cooperation, political cooperation, humanitarian cooperation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.019

XU MENGZHU Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

CHINA'S SOFT POWER: GLOBAL INITIATIVES AND INTERACTION WITH RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the formation of the ideological foundations of the world order that the leadership of modern China intends to build. Based on party and state documents, speeches by Chinese statesmen, especially Xi Jinping, the article analyzes a number of theoretical innovations, "Chinese solutions" that Beijing offers to the world community to regulate the accumulated problems. Among them are the concept of the "community of the common destiny of mankind", the initiative of "global development", "global security", the resolution of the Ukrainian conflict, etc. With these proposals, Beijing, on the one hand, confirms China's status as a global responsible power that cares about the fate of all mankind, on the other hand, lays the theoretical foundations of a new "just world order" that should replace the current dominance of the West. Chinese leaders view this dominance, based on a policy of forceful pressure, inequality, unilateral benefits, as contrary to the traditional values of the Celestial Empire, the needs of its modern development, as well as the interests of most of humanity, whose active representative and leader China claims to be today.

Key words: international relations, Russian-Chinese cooperation, global initiatives, Russia's foreign policy course, Development of Russia and China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.020

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

L.A. ALYAEVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

YU.A. BUKHAROVA Candidate of Historical Sciences Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Moscow, Russia

D.O. PUCHENKOV Student of the of the Faculty of Social Sciences National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF SOME APPROACHES IN THE METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN CIVILIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The complex of problems related to the study of Russian civilization, its formation and development remains an urgent topic among both domestic and foreign scientists. The uniqueness of the Russian civilization is beyond anyone's doubt. But at the same time, the search for answers to many questions related to its development remains unanswered. This article touches upon some methodological aspects in the study of this topic. In particular, the authors of this article have made an attempt to highlight some approaches in the research of a number of authors.

Key words: Russian civilization, cross-temporal theories, formal approach, Western civilization, Eastern Christian world.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.022

N.A. TYUKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Global Problems of the Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Institute of History and Politics of Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia

V.L. SHAPOVALOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Researcher at the Research Laboratory “Political Processes in the System of Center-Region Relations”, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E.R. NIKULIN Expert at the Center for Socio-Political Projects and Communications, Moscow, Russia

INTERPRETATIVE MODELS OF THE VALUE SPECTRUM OF RUSSIAN YOUTH: MEANINGS, PERSONALITIES AND CONCEPT WORDS

The article is devoted to the identification of interpretations of the value spectrum by young Russians. The scientific interest of the authors of this study is to determine the semantic content of the list of values, a personalized semantic core and a pool of concept words using a hybrid methodology that includes a mass survey and social media analysis.

Key words: interpretative model, value spectrum, youth, user, semantic core, value orientation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.024

A.S. FARAH Project lead at the Institute for Financial Analysts, Beirut, Lebanon; PhD candidate at the Faculty of Global Processes at the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RETAIL CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND THE RESHAPING OF GOVERNANCE, POLITICS, AND SOCIETY

Historically, money has always been closely linked to power dynamics, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) represent a new chapter in this interaction. This article focuses on the potential policy and societal implications of the introduction of retail central bank digital currencies (rCBDCs), recognizing the leading role played by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in their development and in fostering knowledge sharing. Concerns are raised about the possible risks of excessive government intervention and manipulation associated with rCBDCs, and the need for data protection and transparent governance is emphasized. Moreover, the potential impact of rCBDCs on the political landscape and social inequality is also examined. Understanding the political economy of rCBDCs is critical to leveraging their potential wisely and responsibly and mitigating the risks associated with them.

Key words: retail central bank digital currencies, Bank for International Settlements, governance, control, confidentiality, financial and social inclusion.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.025

CHE QINGZHOU Postgraduate student, Higher School of International Relations. The Humanitarian Institute of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University named after Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, Russia

N.P. KALASHNIKOVA Head of the Department of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Eurasian N. Gumilyov National University, Kazakhstan, Astana

THE ROLE OF CONGRESS IN US FOREIGN POLICY (TAIWAN’S CASE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF BARACK OBAMA)

Relations between the United States of America and Taiwan have always been in the spotlight of the world community. Special attention to this problem has always been in the USA. The United States has always supported Taiwan's independence and sovereignty on the basis of signed agreements. The U.S. Congress played a leading role in this policy. The Congressmen's position on the Taiwan issue has always been aimed at supporting the island. One of the central issues in support of Taiwan is the issue of providing the island with modern weapons. In 2010, US President Barack Obama presented the US National Security Strategy program, which proclaims a new approach to the foreign policy of the United States and in particular Taiwan. The purpose of this document was to deepen U.S. participation in the Asia-Pacific region. The main thing was to establish positive relations with Taiwan. The US Congress paid the closest attention to the problem of Taiwan. Senators regularly raised issues of assistance to Taiwan. The main issues were: ensuring Taiwan's security and widespread arms sales, Taiwan's participation in the activities of various international organizations, extensive cooperation between the United States and Taiwan on trade, education and culture, as well as the possibility of visiting the United States by high-ranking representatives of Taiwan. This position of the senators was explained by China's inflexible policy towards Taiwan. In contrast to the "one China" policy, the senators put the US policy towards Taiwan – "one China, one Taiwan".

Key words: Taiwan, United States of America, People's Republic of China, U.S. Congress, President, Barack Obama.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.026

P.S. YURCHENKO Postgraduate student Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE KURDISH QUESTION AS A MODERN THREAT TO THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

The article highlights the topical issue of Kurdish question and its impact on the Republic of Turkey in the modern world. The paper aims to analyze various aspects of the conflict between the Turkish government and Kurdish groups, including the historical roots, political threats and challenges, and geopolitical implications. Kurdish organizations seek to establish an independent and sovereign state of Kurdistan, which could be formed on the territory of the four existing Anterior Asia states: Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria.

The article begins with an overview of the historical context of the of the Kurdish question, including the territorial ambitions of the Kurdish population and its relations with the Turkish state and its government. This is followed by an analysis of the current situation and the impact of the conflict on stability and security in the Middle East region, including an examination of the military operations of Turkey's armed forces in the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Iraq: "Euphrates Shield", "Olive Branch", "Source of Peace", "Eagle Claw" ("Tiger Claw"), "Eagle Claw 2, Castle Claw, and Sword Claw. The article also provides the rationale for these operations.

The article offers for consideration possible scenarios of development of the conflict between the Republic of Turkey and Kurdish formations, which can lead to the end of the conflict. formations, which can lead to the end of the conflict and possible consequences.

The author also emphasizes the role of the United States in supporting the Kurds and their actions in the Middle East. The United States continues to assist Kurdish movements because of possible threats to its dominance and the presence of political opponents in the region in the form of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Key words: Republic of Turkey, Kurdish question, Kurdistan, Kurds, Kurdistan Workers' Party, USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.027

S.YU. ANTROPOVA Deputy Head of the Department of European Languages of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

N.V. IVANOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of European Languages of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS PROBLEM IN GERMANY AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The migration crisis is flaring up again in Germany; the country cannot cope with the increasing flow of migrants. The uncontrolled influx of refugees into Germany contributes to “growing social tensions” and causes “disappointment” among German citizens, while the authorities are unable to integrate them into local society.

Key words: Germany, political parties, elections, migration policy, migrants, migration crisis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.028

M. EPREMYAN PhD student of the Department of Philosophy and Social Science, Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia

FEATURES OF POLITICAL POWER IN MODERN ARMENIA

Of particular scientific interest is the study of the political situation in modern Armenia. This fact is due to the fact that after the collapse of the USSR, the country chose its own path of development in the field of political power development, building its own architecture of democracy. It was after the collapse of the USSR that the state became an international full-fledged entity with its own stable institutional and legal model of democratic development. The purpose of the research in this article is to analyze the formation of political power and the political system of Armenia in order to identify its main features. The objectives of the study were: to study the formation of political power in Armenia after the collapse of the USSR, to analyze the introduction of constitutional amendments, to assess the impact of constitutional changes on the peculiarities of political power. The results of the study indicate that in Armenia, the activities of the government and the political elite have been dominated for a very long time by a preference for political pragmatism, a pronounced weakening of state institutions. The main transformation of political power was caused by attempts to prolong the 3rd President of Armenia, S. Sargsyan, as a result of which in 2018 A protest wave began in the country, which had great potential to strengthen political power. Discontent arose in society caused by large-scale corruption and social polarization, which led to the fact that S. Sargsyan did not retain power, and N. Pashinyan was elected Prime Minister of the state. Everything ended with the parliamentary early elections in 2018, where the «My Step bloc», headed by N. Pashinyan, won. In general, Armenia's political system has undergone changes in recent years aimed at a more democratic governance structure. The country still faces various political challenges, but the established institutions and processes are aimed at developing a stable and democratic system of governance.

Key words: political power, political system, Armenia, features of political power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.023

M.I. KRUPIANKO Doctor of Political Sciences, Senior Researcher Institute Oriental Studies RAS, Moscow, Russia

L.G. ARESHIDZE Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor ISAA at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

JAPANESE NATIONALISM AS THE MAIN UNIFICATING AND PROTECTIVE FORCE OF THE NATION IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER OF THE XXI CENTURY PART I

The article analyzes the problems of the revival of the ideology of state nationalism taking place in modern Japan, as a traditional tool for manipulating the mass consciousness of the Japanese during the dramatic periods of the country's recent history, such as the period of formation of the new world order at the beginning of the 21st century in the context of a new confrontation between the united West, led by the United States, in containing Russia. The article emphasizes that the rise of nationalist sentiments aims to unite and mobilize the potential of the nation in the face of a real threat of destabilization of the situation in the Far East. The article analyzes the main carriers of nationalist ideology, shows the role of the institution of imperial power and the authorities in general in the formation of a nationalist worldview among Japanese youth. An attempt has been made to outline the immediate prospects for the development of nationalism in Japan, as well as the consequences of this process for the future of Japanese-Russian relations.

Key words: patriotism, nationalism, Shinto, Japanese nationalists, nationalism in foreign policy, terrorism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.029

LU WANQING Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA'S INTERESTS IN CENTRAL ASIA

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of Russia's relations with the countries of Central and East Asia, special attention is paid to understanding the prospects for further cooperation, especially in the economic and military-strategic spheres. Thus, Russia's economic cooperation in oil, gas and energy trade with the countries of East Asia and the continuation of Eurasian economic integration with the countries of Central Asia form a positive economic "climate" between the regions and ensure stability and development prospects. This is a collaboration. But cooperation creates not only incentives for development, but also problems and challenges.

Key words: Russia, Central Asia, East Asia, foreign policy, geopolitical interests, development of Russia and China.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.030

E.A. MOSAKOVA Сandidate of Economics, Associate professor, Associate professor at the Department of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

I.A. ZOLOTAREV PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE: CHALLENGES ON THE ROAD TO BECOMING A WORLD CURRENCY

Cryptocurrency has become a popular form of money in a short period of time, primarily for such properties as anonymity and decentralization. Today, the decentralized cryptocurrency market is already a major competitor to the banking system. In addition, the blockchain technology itself can coordinate various human activities. The article is devoted to the current problems associated with the use of cryptocurrencies in the international finance. It could be concluded that they will be able to claim the role of a world currency in the medium termprovided the harmonization of the essential and inextricable independence of cryptocurrencies with the realities of the modern financial system.

Key words: cryptocurrency, exchange rate volatility, cryptocurrency regulation, security, backing, fiat money, financial transactions, financial sphere, means of payment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.031

A.E. MURAVYEVA Graduate student of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

EGYPT'S ROLE IN RESOLVING THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT

The key factor in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is not only agreements between world leaders and hegemonic countries, but also neighboring countries, for which a stable situation in the region is a necessary factor for economic and political stability. The purpose of our research is to identify Egypt's role in stabilizing the Palestinian-Israeli conflict; Accordingly, the subject of the study is Egypt’s activities in this direction.

Key words: world politics, Egypt, world economy, foreign policy, Palestinian-Israeli conflict, world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.032

A.A. NOVITSKAYA Bachelor's student of the Faculty of International relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

D.S. TULUPOV Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International relations, lecturer at the Faculty of International Relations St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE PRINCIPLE OF NEUTRALITY OF THE SWISS CONFEDERATION THROUGH THE PRESS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

The purpose of the article is to identify the relevance of Switzerland's status as a neutral state in modern days through the prism of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Since the beginning of this conflict, Switzerland's neutrality status has been criticized by Russia for violating moral and economic neutrality, and by Western countries for insufficient resistance to aggression. The study uses the content analysis method, the historical-comparative method and the updating method. The author comes to the conclusion that despite Switzerland’s active involvement in the conflict, in fact it does not deviate from its status as a neutral state, given its open condemnation of Russia’s actions and adherence to economic sanctions.

Key words: law of neutrality, policy of neutrality, Swiss Confederation, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, military neutrality.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.033

V.A. PRIVALOV Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

THE EVOLUTION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY DURING PERIODS OF THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT ESCALATION

Ethnopolitical conflicts in modern reality are not limited to the participation of only warring parties; a significant role in these conflicts is assigned to third parties – states that have certain geopolitical interests and/or pursue corresponding goals in a particular ethnopolitical conflict and the mechanisms for its resolution. One of such conflicts in the post-Soviet space is the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which affects the security of the entire South Caucasus region. The main participants in the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh are not only Armenia and Azerbaijan, but also two external players – Russia and Turkey, which not only have their own goals and interests in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone, but also mutual relations – a balance between cooperation and competition – In throughout the South Caucasus region. The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of relations between Russia and Turkey during periods of escalation of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The article analyzes the geopolitical relations between Russia and Turkey as a whole, highlighting approaches to their definition – neorealist and constructivist. The relations of Russia and Turkey with the direct participants in the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh – Azerbaijan and Armenia – are considered. The contradictions between Russia and Turkey during the escalation of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 are identified, and the vectors of relations between Russia and Turkey in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in 2023 are highlighted. It is concluded that the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and periods of its escalation determined the cyclical development of relations between Russia and Turkey, within which the parties used the approach of “pragmatic partnership” to resolve their foreign policy differences.

Key words: Ethnopolitical conflicts, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, relations between Russia and Turkey, geopolitical relations, pragmatic partnership, foreign policy disagreements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.021

D.V. SAPRYNSKAIA Research Fellow, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

BETWEEN THE CENSUS OF 1897 AND 1926: SOME ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article examines the process of transformation of the population of the Kazakh SSR based on the first population census in 1897 and during the Soviet period in 1926. The main focus of the work is to highlight key differences in census data on ethnic, labor, educational and other factors. It is concluded that despite a number of identified shortcomings, the 1897 census serves as an important source of socio-demographic data on the population of the Russian Empire.

Key words: people, Kazakhstan, number, ethnic composition, Uighurs, Dungans.

SCIENTIFIC CONVERSATIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON A CURRENT TOPIC

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.101.1.034

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Russian political scientist and politician, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE SUBJECT FIELD POLITICAL SCIENCE

   
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