№ 5 (117), 2025
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 15, Issue 5 (117), 2025
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Protsenko A.V., Bervino E.G. Determinants of the State-Political Structure of Russia in the Context of the Doctrine of Conservatism: Evolution and Comparison of the Essence of Approaches
DOMESTIC HISTORY
Medvedev N.P. My Working Meetings with B.N. Yeltsin. Strokes to the Portrait. The First Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR
Novichkova I.A., Yangez D.I., Gavrilina Yu.I. The Victory they Want to Take from US (on the 80th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War)
Bobrovsky I.A. Providing Children with Free Meals During the Civil War: Towards a Problem Statement
Mukhamedov R.A., Kovalev D.A., Makarov K.D. Activities of the Komsomol Organization for the Development of Youth Sports in the Ulyanovsk Region in 1940
Petukhova M.V., Shalkova V.A., Bespalov A.V., Novikov K.Yu. The Contribution of Women to the Victory of the Soviet People in the Great Patriotic War at the Front and in the Rear
Uporov I.V. Coverage of Elections to Local Councils of Deputies in the Post-War Years in the Mass Media
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Golofast A.V. Patterns of Institution Building
Murog E.I. The New Civil Religion of Russia. In Search of National Identity
Selezneva A.V., Yachmeneva O.A. Between Ruler and Manager: the Ideal Political Role of the President of Russia in the Representations of Youth in the North Caucasus
Tulegenova D.D. On the Issue of Studying Political Values Russian Youth
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES
Zinoviev M.A. The Russian Path to Civil Society: Understanding Cooperation in the Works of Thinkers of the First Half of the 19th Century
Sukhanova E.I., Amiantov A.A. Mass Media as a Technological Tool and Channel for the Formation and Promotion of Political Image: the Case of Western Election Campaigns
Abdualiev J.M., Saidov M.A. Western Sanctions Policy Against the Russian Federation: Causes, Consequences and Mechanisms of Counteraction
Gabrielyan G.R. Features of Legal Regulation of the Internet in the People's Republic of China: Analysis of Key Legislative Acts
Logachev A.V., Panov A.I. Municipal Elections in the Moscow Region: Analysis of Problems and Ways of Democratization
Sopov I.A. Analysis of the Development and Effectiveness of Political Awareness of Society. Cognitive Dimension of Political Competence
Fedorenko V.I. When the Sky Became a Weapon: the Military-Political Aspects of NATO's "Deliberate Force" Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zhang Yan, Pecheritsa V.F. History of Development and Logic of Evolution of the Policy of Sino-Foreign Educational Projects
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Panteleimonov D.G. Prerequisites for Creating the Strategic National Priority "Saving the People of Russia and Developing Human Potential" (Part II)
Vaneev I.M. National Security in the Conditions of Ideological Pluralism
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Syzdykova Zh.S., Kirda N.S. National-Territorial Delimitation of Central Asia: Difficulties and Contradictions
Danilov V.A., Rebrovskaya E.D., Zinovin M.A. Resources of the Eastern Mediterranean: Policy of Key Players
Al Khatimi Issam Khalid Abdullah. Ethnopolitical Conflicts in the Middle East: Historical Aspect and Current State
Qiao Qingli. China-Kazakhstan Media Cooperation in the Framework of the "Belt and Road": Current Status, Problems and Solutions
Kobelkov R.A. The Role of Mutual Assistance of the Peoples of Russia and Serbia in the Development of Relations Between the Two States: Historical and Modern Aspects
Sibirkin P.D. Evolution of Trans-Afghan Projects with the Example of the Tapi Gas Pipeline and the Trans-Afghan Railway Since 1996
Abilova G.V. Effects of International Educational Tourism for National Educational Institutions and Youth Policy of BRICS Countries
Averyanova-Zaitseva D.A., Chernitsyna S.Yu. The Geopolitical Role of the Karabakh Conflict in the Caucasus and Caspian Regions
Aman S. The Asia-Pacific Region in the Context of Concentration of Interests of World Powers
Nikulin M.A., Andrienko E.S. Terrorism, Drug Trafficking and Arms Trafficking as Factors of Destabilization of Regional Security in the Middle East and South-East Asia
Gamerman E.V. Political Aspects of Economic Security of Taiwan Island
Karetnikova D.A. International Information Security as a Factor in Russian-Turkish Dialogue: Limits and Opportunities
Danar A Mustafa Mustafa, Asylguzhina A.A. Evolution of the Administrative Status of Iraqi Kurdistan: from Kurdish Areas to Kurdistan Region
Rotanev A.V. Features of the Political Situation in African States: a Look at the Region of the Confederation of the Alliance of the Sahel States
Sadchenko V.N., Stuchkaite M.V. The Impact of the Transformation of the World Order on the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime: a Precedent for the Creation of AUKUS
Han Wenxin. The Impact of Information Technologies on American Public Opinion about China
Qiao Rui, Le Tingting, Yong Nianpu, Liang Jiaxv, Li Menglong. Creating Peace: the Role and Contribution of China and Russia in Middle East Reconciliation
Shaporenko S.A. Cross-Border Cooperation Between Russian Regions and the Republic of Belarus: Trends and Prospects
Shishov G.O. The Impact of Global Crises on the Development of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
Shcherbakov I.M. On the Ideological and Value Foundations of Türkiye's Neo-Ottomanist Civilizational Identity in the First Quarter of the XXI Century
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.010
A.V. PROTSENKO Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration of the Luhansk Vladimir Dahl State University, Luhansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia
E.G. BERVINO Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Administration of the Luhansk Vladimir Dahl State University, Luhansk, Luhansk People's Republic, Russia
DETERMINANTS OF THE STATE-POLITICAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DOCTRINE OF CONSERVATISM: EVOLUTION AND COMPARISON OF THE ESSENCE OF APPROACHES
Russians Russian Conservatism and Its Critics" by Paul Robinson and Richard Pipes are considered in the format of a cross-reading of the work of Paul Robinson "Russian Conservatism" and Richard Pipes, which makes it possible to explain the evolution of understanding the concept of Russian conservatism from the point of view of various approaches and to analyze the state-political structure of Russia in the context of the doctrine of conservatism. An attempt is made to neutralize the nodal contradictions and omissions in both concepts in the context and through the interpretation of modern Russian conservatism in the provisions of the concept of Mikhail Suslov and Dmitry Uzlaner. It is assumed that in Russia's domestic politics today, the discourse of conservatism is a continuation of the rhetoric about "sovereign democracy" and can serve as an ideological cement for political transformations.
Key words: state-political structure, doctrine, conservatism, ideology, evolution.
DOMESTIC HISTORY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.001
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Science, Professor, People's Deputy of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Commission of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on national and state structure and interethnic relations (1990-1993), Moscow, Russia
MY WORKING MEETINGS WITH B.N. YELTSIN. STROKES TO THE PORTRAIT. THE FIRST CONGRESS OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES OF THE RSFSR
The article reveals the historical conditions and significance for modern Russia of the first democratic parliament of the country – the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR in 1990. Particularly emphasizes the historical significance of such documents adopted at the All-Russian meeting of representatives of the people as the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia. An attempt is made to study the sources of the conflict between the Russian and Union authorities, as well as between the Central Committee of the CPSU and B.N. Yeltsin. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the People's Deputies of the RSFSR is analyzed. The behavior of the deputies and Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, as one of the candidates for the post of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia, in the conditions of live television broadcasts of the sessions of the First Congress, are noted. A characteristic of the competitive elections of the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR is given.
Key words: historical significance, qualitative composition of the deputy corps, First Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR, live broadcasts on Central Television of the sessions of the First Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Chairman of the first democratic parliament of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.002
I.A. NOVICHKOVA Candidate of legal sciences, vice-rector of the Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism, Moscow, Russia
D.I. YANGEZ Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Economic and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism, Moscow, Russia
Yu.I. GAVRILINA Senior lecturer at Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism, Moscow, Russia
THE VICTORY THEY WANT TO TAKE FROM US (ON THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR)
Purpose: to consider the causes and methods of falsification of the events of the Great Patriotic War, to determine the significance of Victory for the citizens of Russia in the Great Patriotic War.
Russian historians have no doubts about the need to cover the events of the military history of the Fatherland, since modern falsifications of the history of the Great Patriotic War are becoming more aggressive and provocative.
Attempts to distort the interpretation of the events and outcomes of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War prove the need to counter historical revisionism and protect the true history of the past war.
Key words: falsification, Great Patriotic War, methods, forms, fascism, historiography.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.003
I.A. BOBROVSKY Postgraduate student, Department of Russian History, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Voronezh, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-6354-7773
PROVIDING CHILDREN WITH FREE MEALS DURING THE CIVIL WAR: TOWARDS A PROBLEM STATEMENT
This article examines the main provisions of the implementation of free baby food by the Soviet authorities during the Civil War. The relevance of this topic is that the issue of providing free baby food is one of the key issues in the social policy of any state, and for the construction of a socialist state, it also had ideological significance. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the program for the implementation of baby food during the Civil War. The main objective of the work is to reconstruct the features of the food program of the Soviet government for the implementation of baby food; study the provisions of regulatory legal acts on the implementation of free meals. To achieve this objective, an analysis of the main regulatory legal acts on the distribution of baby food by the Council of People's Commissars and the People's Commissariat of Food was conducted, archival materials were used to identify the features of the implementation of free baby food during the Civil War. In the course of the work, it was possible to reveal that the introduction of the public catering system for children was accompanied by the issuance of food cards, since this could allow for a centralized and effective distribution of limited resources of food reserves. A strict organization of the process was revealed, including the registration of children, distribution of products according to age norms and control over the use of resources. An ideological feature was the introduction of so-called communal food, which was supposed to become an important step in the fight against hunger and lay the foundation for a new socialist system.
Key words: food authorities, Civil War, baby food, food cards, communal food.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.004
R.A. MUKHAMEDOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
D.A. KOVALEV Master's student of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
K.D. MAKAROV Master's student of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia
ACTIVITIES OF THE KOMSOMOL ORGANIZATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH SPORTS IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION IN 1940
This paper examines the activities of the Komsomol organization for the development of sports in the Ulyanovsk region in the 1940s against the background of historical and socio-cultural changes that took place in the country after the end of World War II. The main focus is on the organization of sports events, the creation of sections, the dissemination of physical culture among young people, as well as the role of Komsomol members in promoting a healthy lifestyle. The article analyzes the interaction of Komsomol members with local authorities and sports institutions, as well as the influence of Komsomol policy on the formation of a network of sports unions and sections. An in-depth study of archival materials and contemporary testimonies makes it possible to identify practical aspects of the work of Komsomol organizations, their achievements and difficulties in the conditions of post-war reconstruction. The work highlights the importance of the youth movement in actualizing the sports movement in the region, demonstrating how the Komsomol became not only the organizer, but also the main engine of sports development in the Ulyanovsk region during this important historical period.
Key words: Komsomol organization, Sports development, Ulyanovsk region.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.005
M.V. PETUKHOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of History and Economic Theory, State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.A. SHALKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Economic Theory, Academy of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
A.V. BESPALOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of History and Economic Theory, Academy of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
K.Yu. NOVIKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Economic Theory, Academy of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN TO THE VICTORY OF THE SOVIET PEOPLE IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AT THE FRONT AND IN THE REAR
The article examines the main areas of women's contribution to the victory over the enemy in 1941-1945 (combat, labor, partisan and medical). The motives for which women volunteered for the front and worked hard in the rear are determined. Statistics are provided related to their participation in bringing about the defeat of the Nazi invaders, examples of women's exploits at the front, in the partisan-underground movement, in hospitals and infirmaries, in factories and in agriculture are given. It is shown how the heroic deeds of women were reflected in the media, what assessment of their activities was given by the Soviet government.
Key words: war, volunteerism, hero, mobilization, partisans, medical instructors, rear, feat, front, infirmary.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.006
I.V. UPOROV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Krasnodar, Russia
COVERAGE OF ELECTIONS TO LOCAL COUNCILS OF DEPUTIES IN THE POST-WAR YEARS IN THE MASS MEDIA
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, elections of deputies of all levels of the Councils of Workers' Deputies (the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics, and Local Soviets) were held in the Soviet state in 1946-1947. The elections were held on the basis of the Union Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the constitutions of the Union Republics, in this case – the Constitution of the RSFSR (as amended in the period under review). All election campaigns were widely covered in the media. The article focuses on the elections to local Soviets of Workers' Deputies. Accordingly, publications in both central publications (newspapers Izvestiya, Trud, Gudok, Kultura i Zhizn, etc.) and regional media are analyzed. Coverage of the preparation, conduct and results of elections to local Soviets was politically and ideologically one-sided – with praise for the Soviet system of democracy, glorification of Stalin and the monopoly ruling All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), which reflected the administrative-command system of governing society and the state that had developed by that time. At the same time, wide coverage of election campaigns in the media, including detailed biographies of candidates for deputies and other features can be useful in modern Russia. At the same time, despite the over organization of the elections, the absolute majority of deputies were truly respected Soviet citizens in society.
Key words: Soviet state, post-war period, elections to local Soviets, mass media, election campaign.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.007
A.V. GOLOFAST PhD in Political Science, Head of the Department for Coordination of Scientific Activitiy, Academy of Labour and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
PATTERNS OF INSTITUTION BUILDING
Throughout human history, communities have struggled with excess complexity and uncertainty by ordering interactions. This process has involved the creation and reproduction of practices to survive and thrive, which makes this research theme relevant.
The aim of the study is to deconstruct the regularities of institution building using a categorical apparatus that is largely dichotomous and encompasses such extrema as progress-reverse, centrifugality-centripetitiveness, congruence-cleavage lines. As a result of the holistic perspective, there is a potential to reconstruct the internal logic of institution building while taking into account the elemental component that remains outside the agenda of the public attention arena, which is a priority for strategizing institutional development.
Research objectives are to analyze the facilitators and inhibitors of institution building; to trace the dynamics of institutional transit; to consider the differences between parity and disparity institutions; to reveal the regularities of functioning of institutions through the concepts of being and becoming, structural and entropic information; to characterize the centrifugal and centripetal patterns of institutional interactions; to identify the principles of “good institutions” in the sphere of labour.
By applying the process tracing method, it is possible to obtain a macro perspective, which allows us to preserve the intensiveness of institutional change through the combination of directive governance and self-organization. The outcome of institutionalization depends on the ratio between the coalitions of support and opposition to change, if the framework space of interaction remains intact. The evolutionary stability of the institution acquires new semantic facets through the process of “loose coupling”, when the institution allows groups with different interests to coexist within a single space of values.
Key words: institutional entrepreneurship, value congruence, transaction costs of institutional transition, self-organization and directive governance, centripetalism and centrifugality, reciprocity and the problem of the first altruistic step, “loose coupling”, institutional isomorphism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.008
E.I. MUROG Hierodeacon Herman of Valaam Monastery, postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE NEW CIVIL RELIGION OF RUSSIA. IN SEARCH OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
The author explores the current state of the civil religion of modern Russia, justifies its importance for the state and points to its most important elements. Special attention is paid to civil holidays and the calendar, as they are the ones that influence the Russian way of life and help assimilate traditional values from below.
Key words: Russian civil religion, patriotism, traditional values, Russian holidays.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.009
A. V. SELEZNEVA Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Sociology and Psychology, Faculty of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
O. A. YACHMENEVA Master's student, Department of Political Sociology and Psychology, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
BETWEEN RULER AND MANAGER: THE IDEAL POLITICAL ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA IN THE REPRESENTATIONS OF YOUTH IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
The article examines the normative representations of Russian youth living in the North Caucasus about the political role of the President of Russia. The conceptual framework of the study is based on the political-psychological approach, implemented through quantitative and qualitative methods. This theoretical foundation was supplemented by a normative model of leadership, which considers the leader through the prism of morality. The empirical base was the results of the all-Russian representative survey of young people aged 14-30 years old, the sample size was 2500 people, and focus group materials acquired in autumn 2022 on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District. The results of the research have led to the conclusion that normative perceptions of the political role of the President of Russia are heterogeneous in the minds of North Caucasian young people. A significant proportion of respondents associate the head of state with the figure of a ruler and sovereign, which reflects both North Caucasian and all-Russian political and cultural traditions.
Key words: political perception, normative representations, youth, North Caucasus, President of Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.011
D.D. TULEGENOVA Researcher at INION RAN, Moscow, Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF STUDYING POLITICAL VALUES RUSSIAN YOUTH
Currently, socio-humanitarian science has accumulated a significant body of knowledge about the values, orientations, beliefs and attitudes of young people. In the works of foreign and domestic scientists, the issues of political values of Russian youth are addressed from different theoretical and methodological positions. The article describes the main research areas within which the study of the political values of youth in Russia is carried out. The political values of Russian youth are considered in the focus of sociological, political science and psychological research.
Key words: political values, youth, scientific approaches, political and psychological approach.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES, TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.012
M.A. ZINOVIEV Postgraduate student, Department of Political Science and Law State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
THE RUSSIAN PATH TO CIVIL SOCIETY: UNDERSTANDING COOPERATION IN THE WORKS OF THINKERS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The article examines the concepts of citizenship and social cooperation presented in the works of Russian thinkers of the first half of the 19th century. Various approaches are considered, reflecting both the influence of European ideas and the unique features of the historical and spiritual development of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the views of the Slavophiles and Westernizers, identifying key differences in their understanding of social consolidation, the role of the community, private property and individual freedom. Analysis of these concepts allows for a deeper understanding of the processes of formation of civil society in Russia and the specifics of the national understanding of social cooperation.
Key words: civil society, democracy, civic position, Slavophiles, Westernizers, conservatives.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.013
E. I. SUKHANOVA Student of the Master's program in the field of «Sociology of the Public Sphere and Digital Analytics» at the National Research University «Higher School of Economics»; Assistant to the Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Youth Policy, Moscow, Russia
A.A. AMIANTOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Municipal Management RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
MASS MEDIA AS A TECHNOLOGICAL TOOL AND CHANNEL FOR THE FORMATION AND PROMOTION OF POLITICAL IMAGE: THE CASE OF WESTERN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
The article examines the phenomenon of political image as a key element of modern political communication formed and broadcast by the media. Particular attention is paid to the role of television and digital platforms in the creation and dissemination of political images, as well as the importance of content personalization algorithms that contribute to the formation of "information bubbles" and the fragmentation of public opinion. The process of adapting the media image to the changing demand in society is demonstrated using examples of Western election campaigns.
The study emphasizes that in the context of digitalization, the political image functions as an independent reality, often divorced from the actual inherent characteristics. The process of transforming information platforms into an arena for the struggle of symbolically colored meanings is considered, where political success depends on the ability of a candidate to effectively manage his image, corresponding to the current demand of the audience at a particular moment in time.
Key words: political image, mediatization, digital platforms, content personalization, electoral communication.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.014
J.M. ABDUALIEV Postgraduate student of the department “Organization management”, Baltic state technical university “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg, Russia
M.A. SAIDOV Postgraduate Student of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Educational institution of trade unions of higher education «Academy of Labor and Social Relations», Moscow, Russia
WESTERN SANCTIONS POLICY AGAINST THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND MECHANISMS OF COUNTERACTION
The Ukrainian conflict, which began in 2014 and became a large-scale conflict in 2022, has led to the deterioration of relations between the West and Russia. In order to weaken the Russian Federation, Western countries began to pursue an active sanctions policy, which had various consequences for both Western countries and Russia as a whole. This article considers the main directions of sanctions policy of Western countries, their consequences for the Russian economy and measures taken by Russia to counteract these challenges.
Key words: European Union, Sanction, Ban, Blocked Persons, Conflict, Energy Resources, Dual-Use Goods, Import Substitution, Financial Messaging System, Foreign Policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.015
G.R. GABRIELYAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, Faculty of History, Political Science and Law of the State University of Education, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE INTERNET IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: ANALYSIS OF KEY LEGISLATIVE ACTS
The article analyzes the peculiarities of legal regulation of the Internet in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The study examines key legislation that defines the legal framework of the digital space, including laws and regulations governing cybersecurity, data protection, internet censorship and online content control. Particular attention is paid to important documents such as the Cybersecurity Law (2017), the Personal Information Protection Law (2021), as well as regulations aimed at strengthening state control over online platforms and enforcing the principles of socialist ideology online. The author analyzes the impact of these legislative initiatives on the development of the digital economy, public relations and international cooperation, highlighting their significance in the context of global digitalization trends. The article also assesses the legal challenges and problems arising from China's strict regulation of the Internet and suggests ways to resolve them within the framework of international practice.
Key words: China, Internet, social media, law, censorship, regulation, information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.016
A.V. LOGACHEV President of the All-Russian Movement "Russia is Our Home", Moscow, Russia
A.I. PANOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Analysis, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN THE MOSCOW REGION: ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF DEMOCRATIZATION
In the article, the author analyzes the problems of local self-government in Russia, in particular in the Moscow region. The main problems include the failure of local authorities: their dependence on higher authorities, lack of public trust, and separation from voters. Attention is focused on the economic insolvency of municipalities and the unification of approaches to the election of heads of municipalities. To overcome these challenges, solutions have been proposed, such as using primaries, involving young people, introducing more democratic electoral systems, and taking into account the specifics of municipalities. The successful implementation of the proposed measures can lead to an increase in the effectiveness of local self-government, strengthening public confidence and developing democracy at the local level.
Key words: municipal elections, electoral law, electoral process, federal elections, regional elections.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.017
I.A. SOPOV Applicant GAOU VO "Komi Republican Academy of Public Administration and Management", Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF POLITICAL AWARENESS OF SOCIETY. COGNITIVE DIMENSION OF POLITICAL COMPETENCE
The article analyzes the problems of political awareness and competence of citizens, uses methodological approaches to the cognitive measurement of political awareness of citizens. Political awareness (knowledge of political processes, institutions and actors) and political competence (the ability to analyze and use this information to participate in politics) are becoming key elements of the sustainability of modern democracies. Their relevance is due to the following factors: digital revolution, crisis of legitimacy and trust, deepening processes of polarization of society. The spread of disinformation, algorithmic filters and "echo chambers" in social networks distort the perception of political reality. Political awareness and competence have a significant impact on the political legitimacy of power, a decrease in trust in government institutions is recorded due to citizens' misunderstanding of decision-making mechanisms. Studies demonstrate the growth of populism in society, radical movements against the background of insufficient political literacy. The cognitive dimension of political competence includes the ability of citizens to process, analyze and use political information. The study revealed such aspects of political competence as: cognitive abilities, cognitive distortions, emotional intelligence. The analysis allowed us to identify areas for further research on sources of political information, the role of digital platforms in shaping the political attitudes of young people, the political agenda, and to identify the risks of ineffective media literacy. Cognitive processes and political behavior are based on testing the impact of data visualization on understanding political processes, neuropolitics, i.e. studies of brain activity in making political decisions (reaction to populist rhetoric), etc. Political competence is a key element of the sustainability of democracies and states in the post-truth era. The cognitive dimension allows us to understand how citizens process information and make decisions. Scientific research should focus on digital challenges, inequality and methods for improving literacy. The political system benefits from informed citizens, but requires protection from manipulation through education, regulation and technology.
Key words: political information, political competence, political participation, social networks, digitalization of politics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.018
V.I. FEDORENKO PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science and Public Relations, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
WHEN THE SKY BECAME A WEAPON: THE MILITARY-POLITICAL ASPECTS OF NATO'S "DELIBERATE FORCE" OPERATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
This article examines NATO's "Deliberate Force" operation, carried out in 1995, within the context of the military-political aspects of international intervention. The operation, which marked an important stage in the military resolution of the Bosnian conflict, is viewed as an example of the use of military force to achieve political objectives. Special attention is given to the military-political strategy, including the neutralization of key Bosnian Serb infrastructure and the destruction of their air defense systems. The article analyzes how the use of force in the "Deliberate Force" operation was closely linked to NATO's long-term political and geostrategic goals, while also addressing the legal paradoxes arising from the lack of a UN mandate. In conclusion, it is argued that NATO's intervention did not resolve the core issue of the conflict and only intensified geopolitical instability in the region.
Key words: "Deliberate Force" operation, NATO, Bosnia, military-political strategy, international intervention, geopolitics, legal aspects.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.019
ZHANG YAN Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science of the Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
V.F. PECHERITSA Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Eastern Institute – School of Regional and International Studies Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND LOGIC OF EVOLUTION OF THE POLICY OF SINO-FOREIGN EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
Sino-foreign cooperation in the field of joint establishment of educational organizations is an important form of internationalization of Chinese education. With the continuous deepening of China's reform and opening-up policy, the scale of Sino-foreign cooperation in the field of joint establishment of educational institutions is steadily expanding. From the perspective of the history of development, the policy of Sino-foreign cooperation in the field of joint establishment of educational organizations has gone through four stages: formation, continuous reform, deepening reform and transformational development. According to the gradualism model, the analysis of policy documents at different stages of development shows that the policy of Sino-foreign cooperation in education has evolved from general provisions to specific measures, demonstrating the characteristic features of development from disparate initiatives to systematized standards. Its development process is shaped by political, economic and social factors, forming a gradual path of development. Thus, the harmonious development of the policy and practice of Sino-foreign cooperation in education is achieved, ensuring their synchronous improvement.
Key words: Chinese-foreign cooperation, educational institutions, gradualism, history of the development of cooperation policy, features of the evolution of cooperation policy in the field of education.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.020
D.G. PANTELEIMONOV Master's student, Institute of Law and National Security, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia SPIN-code: 5332-9562
PREREQUISITES FOR CREATING THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL PRIORITY "SAVING THE PEOPLE OF RUSSIA AND DEVELOPING HUMAN POTENTIAL"
PART I
The study analyzes the complex prerequisites for creating the strategic national priority "Preservation of the people of Russia and development of human potential". The social, economic, scientific, technological, cultural, spiritual and moral aspects of Russia's development are considered, which served as prerequisites for changing the vector of state policy, which was expressed in the adoption of the updated National security strategy of the Russian Federation in 2021 and the consolidation in it of the highest national interest and the corresponding strategic national priority in the field of preserving the people and developing human potential. The change in the state approach to solving problems in this area is considered: the main documents of strategic goal-setting are analyzed – the President's addresses to the Federal Assembly preceding the year of adoption of the current national security strategy, as well as the 2024 Address. The importance of human potential development is shown as the basis for the successful development of the state and ensuring its national security.
Key words: national security, preserving the people of Russia, human potential, prerequisites for creating a strategic national priority, public administration, state policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.021
I.M. VANEEV Applicant for the degree of candidate of political science Department of Public Administration and National Security Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF IDEOLOGICAL PLURALISM
The purpose of the work is to identify «vulnerabilities» in the national security system in connection with the ideological aggression of the West against our country in order to make changes to it in the interests of leveling and neutralizing the impact of destructive Western ideology on the individual, society and the state.
Using the analytical method, methods of scientific generalization and synthesis, problems were solved and positive results were achieved: changes in the national security system related, among other things, to the Special Military Operation on Ukraine were considered; the role of ideology in the formation of national interests and values was proven, it was determined that there are no states without ideology; the introduction of the term «ideological security» as a type of national security is substantiated, the relationship between the concepts of «national ideology» and «national security» is revealed.
The most important thing is that it is determined that in order to effectively counter the destructive ideology of the West, it is necessary to form our own national ideology. This is the only way out of the constitutional nihilism of ideology without changing the Basic Law of our country.
Key words: national security, national ideology, national interests, national values, ideological security.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.022
ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
N.S. KIRDA Master’s Student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia
NATIONAL-TERRITORIAL DELIMITATION OF CENTRAL ASIA: DIFFICULTIES AND CONTRADICTIONS
This article notes that the national-territorial delimitation of the borders between the young Soviet republics was conditional and was carried out without taking into account the peculiarities of the cultural and historical development of the ethnic groups of the region, geographical and other features of the region. It is emphasized that by now the national-territorial demarcation has left a number of controversial issues, which subsequently became a serious cause of contradictions between the sovereign states of Central Asia. It is concluded that further investigation of the problem is necessary using new sources and taking into account new approaches to scientific research.
Key words: Central Asia, demarcation, ethnicity, languages, republics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.023
V.A. DANILOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Director of the Center for Applied Analysis of International Transformations, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
E.D. REBROVSKAYA Master's student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
M.A. ZINOVIN Postgraduate student, International Relations, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University named after P. Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
RESOURCES OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: POLICY OF KEY PLAYERS
The article examines the transformation of the geopolitical and economic landscape of the Eastern Mediterranean after the discovery of significant natural gas reserves in the region over the past decade. The policy of key regional players – Israel, Egypt, Cyprus and Turkey, their strategies for the development of the gas sector and interaction with international energy companies are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the role of energy diplomacy in the formation of a new architecture of regional relations, including the creation of multilateral cooperation formats and mechanisms for settling territorial disputes. The prospects for turning the Eastern Mediterranean into a significant supplier of natural gas to the European market are examined, taking into account existing infrastructure constraints and geopolitical contradictions. The impact of the global energy transition on the long-term prospects of the region's gas sector and the need to diversify the energy balance of the Eastern Mediterranean countries are considered.
Key words: Eastern Mediterranean, natural gas, energy geopolitics, regional cooperation, energy infrastructure, offshore fields, energy security, international energy companies, territorial disputes, energy transition.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.024
AL KHATIMI ISSAM KHALID ABDULLAH Assistant Professor of the Department of Comparative Political Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, RUDN University Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: HISTORICAL ASPECT AND CURRENT STATE
The article is devoted to a comprehensive consideration of the problem of ethnopolitical conflicts in the Middle East in the context of the history and current state of the issue, the author aims to consider the causes and mechanisms of conflict resolution in the Middle East. At the same time, the need for State regulation and conflict resolution measures is emphasized. Some of the conflict situations under consideration have been going on for a long time and it is still unclear how they will be resolved. The importance of the topic can be indicated by the fact that the Middle East is in contact with the Russian Federation and the conflicts taking place there have a direct impact on the policy of the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the study substantiates the need for conflict resolution and possible methods.
Key words: conflicts, settlement, history, characteristics, causes, methods, ethnopolitical conflicts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.025
QIAO QINGLI Postgraduate student, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
CHINA-KAZAKHSTAN MEDIA COOPERATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "BELT AND ROAD": CURRENT STATUS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
The article, devoted to the media cooperation between China and Kazakhstan within the framework of the "Belt and Road" initiative, analyzes the current situation, identifies problems and proposes solutions. The cooperation covers the exchange of news, joint content production, training of specialists and promotes cultural exchanges through agreements and joint projects. However, there are problems such as weak interaction, imbalance in cultural communication, insufficient capacity in crisis situations and lack of academic research. To solve these problems, it is proposed to create a mechanism for regular meetings, develop quantitative indicators, innovative formats for disseminating content, etc. which will contribute to strengthening cooperation in the media sphere between the two countries.
Key words: Media, China, Kazakhstan, Belt and Road Initiative.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.026
R.A. KOBELKOV Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF MUTUAL ASSISTANCE OF THE PEOPLES OF RUSSIA AND SERBIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO STATES: HISTORICAL AND MODERN ASPECTS
In the article, the author examines the dynamics of the development of Russian-Serbian relations through the prism of similar challenges that the peoples of Russia and Serbia faced and resisted together. One faith, which became the foundation of Russian-Serbian friendship long before the official establishment of diplomatic relations and which Russians and Serbs were able to preserve during the periods of the Tatar-Mongol yoke and Ottoman rule, mutual assistance in wartime, joint fight against Nazism and the crimes of the collective West - all this united the peoples of the two states. The historical alliance of Russians and Serbs has firmly strengthened in the self-awareness of the two peoples, formed a solid foundation that determines the policy of Moscow and Belgrade to the present day. The exclusion of historical aspects from Russian-Serbian relations at the present stage can lead to irreversible consequences both for Moscow and Belgrade in particular, and for the Balkan region as a whole. The article offers the author's assessments of the policies of the two states at different historical stages and gives recommendations for the development of a foreign policy strategy towards Serbia.
Key words: Russian-Serbian relations, monasticism on Athos, World War I, World War II, bombing of Yugoslavia, Kosovo, NATO.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.027
P.D. SIBIRKIN Postgraduate student, Russian State Humanitarian University, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF TRANS-AFGHAN PROJECTS WITH THE EXAMPLE OF THE TAPI GAS PIPELINE AND THE TRANS-AFGHAN RAILWAY SINCE 1996
The article assesses trans-Afghan interregional projects, including various routes from Central to South Asia. The TAPI gas pipeline project, dating back to 1992, and the prospects for its implementation are analyzed. The Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar project, which will increase Afghanistan's transit potential, is also analyzed. The role of the trans-Afghan railway, starting from Uzbek territory, passing through Afghanistan and further to South Asia, is highlighted. The article also analyzes American participation in these projects and the role they played in establishing this or that regime in Afghanistan. A feature of the work is the lack of academic research on this problem. These events are associated with modern times, despite the fact that many projects date back to the 19th century, therefore there is a certain amount of subjectivity and bias in the presentation of this topic.
Key words: Central and South Asia, transport corridor, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, security, Taliban, gas pipeline, railway.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.028
G.V. ABILOVA Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical Culture and Management in Education MGIMO MFA of Russia; Director of the BRICS+ International School, Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0009-0003-8598-0203
EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TOURISM FOR NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND YOUTH POLICY OF BRICS COUNTRIES
Educational tourism is an economic catalyst and a vector of academic transformations: its impact on the university systems of BRICS countries is manifested in structural shifts in the dynamics of student enrollment, financial dependence and policy adaptation, the mechanisms regulating these processes remain fragmented - this leads to an asymmetry in institutional readiness. This study aims to assess the impact of international educational mobility on the academic environment and legal framework of the BRICS countries, assess integration mechanisms, adaptation strategies and economic interactions between educational migration and national labour markets. The study uses a mixed method: quantitative statistical modeling analyzes admission trends, fiscal implications and employment outcomes; qualitative content analysis examines national policies and institutional adaptation strategies; correlation analysis reveals the statistical significance of educational mobility as a factor determining the structure of university funding; and regression analysis assesses its long-term economic consequences. 1.3 million international students study at universities in the BRICS countries, institutional adaptation mechanisms remain inadequate – 47% of the surveyed educational institutions implement comprehensive academic and social support programs (creating barriers to integration). Financially, international students contribute $9.6 billion to university budgets each year, and differences in tuition fee structures contribute to economic instability: Chinese universities demonstrate financial resilience through diversified funding models, while South African institutions remain dependent on tuition fees (increasing fiscal risk). The labour market transition of international graduates varies: Russia reports a 62% retention rate in specialist sectors, while Brazil struggles to find employment after graduation, with 31% of graduates finding positions relevant to their fields of study. Policy changes are needed – standardised mobility agreements, structured credit transfer systems and targeted scholarships can enhance institutional stability and increase student retention; economic reliance on international student fees should be balanced with strategic diversification of funding to reduce fiscal vulnerability. The structural inertia of the BRICS educational policies points to an unresolved paradox: educational tourism is positioned as a driving force of “academic globalization”, its normative fragmentation limits its full potential – harmonization of policy frameworks combined with empirical monitoring of integration processes remains mandatory for achieving sustainable academic and economic results.
Key words: regulation of academic mobility, globalization of higher education, transnational integration of students, dynamics of university funding, cross-border knowledge exchange, adaptation of institutional policies, labor market absorption.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.029
D.A. AVERYANOVA-ZAITSEVA PhD student, Department of Russian History and Politics, Institute of International Relations and World History, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
S.YU. CHERNITSYNA PhD candidate, Department of Russian History and Politics, Institute of International Relations and World History, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
THE GEOPOLITICAL ROLE OF THE KARABAKH CONFLICT IN THE CAUCASUS AND CASPIAN REGIONS
The study is devoted to analyzing the impact of the Karabakh conflict on the geopolitical dynamics of the Caucasus and Caspian regions, which occupy a pivotal position at the intersection of energy, transportation, and strategic interests of global and regional powers. The relevance of the topic is driven by the escalation of the conflict in 2020, the restructuring of regional alliances, and intensified competition for control over resources and infrastructure. The article aims to identify the relationship between the evolution of the Karabakh conflict and the transformation of the geopolitical landscape in the Caucasus-Caspian region. Key objectives include assessing the role of external actors (Russia, Turkey, the U.S., the EU), analyzing the consequences of post-2020 military-political changes, and determining the conflict’s impact on energy security and transportation corridors. The research is based on comparative analysis of international treaties, monitoring of media and official statements by key conflict participants, and expert assessments of the role of energy projects (TANAP, the Southern Gas Corridor). Data on military operations, ceasefire agreements, and peacekeeping missions are utilized.
It has been established that the Karabakh conflict acted as a catalyst for the redistribution of influence in the region: strengthening Turkey’s role as Azerbaijan’s strategic partner, consolidating Russia’s military presence through peacekeeping forces, and reducing the U.S. ability to influence local processes. A direct correlation has been identified between the conflict and the security of energy routes linking the Caspian to Europe. The Karabakh conflict remains a nexus of contradictions that determines the balance of power in the Caucasus-Caspian region. Its development directly impacts the strategies of external players seeking to control energy resources and transportation arteries. Stabilizing the region requires a comprehensive approach that considers the interests of local states and the constraints imposed by the involvement of global powers. The study’s results emphasize the necessity of multilateral settlement mechanisms to prevent new crises.
Key words: Karabakh conflict, energy security, Caucasus region, Caspian region, energy routes, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, Southern Gas Corridor, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia, EU.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.030
S. AMAN Postgraduate student of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF CONCENTRATION OF INTERESTS OF WORLD POWERS
The article discusses current issues of international relations developing in the Asia-Pacific region. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of national interests of regional and external countries on the processes taking place in the Asia-Pacific region. The relevance of the study is determined by the great influence of the Asia-Pacific region, in which significant economic and political interests of both regional and non-regional players are concentrated. To achieve the goal, the following tasks have been set: to determine the geopolitical importance of the Asia-Pacific region; to identify the factors influencing the economic and political processes of the Asia-Pacific region; to determine the influence of non-regional players on the processes taking place in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as to identify the reverse pattern; to identify current problems and contradictions in the region. The methodological basis of the research consists of general methods (systematic, logical, methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy), as well as special scientific methods (historical and legal, method of political analysis, method of legal modeling and forecasting).
The Asia-Pacific region is one of the most dynamically developing regions in the world. In recent decades, there has been a noticeable shift in the political and economic center towards Asia, which is associated with the rapid economic development of the Asian market, the strengthening of China's economic and political role (not only in the region, but also in the world), and the strengthening of international relations between the Russian Federation and the countries of the region. The Asia-Pacific region, being one of the largest centers of international trade, financial resources and modern production, has significant socio-economic and political potential, allowing it to play a significant role in modern international relations. Currently, the Asia-Pacific region is a key factor in world politics, where the interests of both regional and non-regional powers are concentrated.
Key words: Asia-Pacific region, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and the strategic partnership between Russia and China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.031
M.A. NIKULIN Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD in History), Senior Lecturer, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
E.S. ANDRIENKO Master's Student, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
TERRORISM, DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ARMS TRAFFICKING AS FACTORS OF DESTABILIZATION OF REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA
In the context of escalating global instability, transnational threats such as terrorism, drug trafficking, and illicit arms trade increasingly manifest as interconnected components of a singular destructive complex, exerting systemic influence on national security. This article explores the structure and specifics of these three threats in the context of the Middle East and Southeast Asia – regions where weak state institutions, internal conflicts, and high involvement of external actors create fertile ground for the development of illegal networks. The author analyzes the reasons behind the formation of resilient links between terrorist groups, drug cartels, and illegal arms dealers, as well as examines the consequences of these processes for regional stability. The need for a comprehensive security approach, based on international cooperation, strengthened border control, and reform of law enforcement institutions, is substantiated.
Key words: transnational threats, terrorism, drug trafficking, illicit arms trade, regional security, Middle East, Southeast Asia, destabilization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.032
E.V. GAMERMAN Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-0225-0030
POLITICAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF TAIWAN ISLAND
The purpose of this work is to analyze the economic security of the Republic of China (Taiwan Island) at the present stage in its political dimension. Economic security is a multi-faceted category that includes a number of factors. For Taiwan (as well as for the whole of East Asia), the most important and relevant aspects of economic security are energy, ecology, as well as migration issues and their consequences.
The article analyzes the current state of Taiwan's energy sector, fundamental acts, as well as the real situation in this area, the problems and threats facing the island. And inextricably linked with this layer are environmental threats, which are relevant for Taiwan no less than for any other country or territory in the region (and perhaps even more so, given the limited territory). In addition, due to historical features, as well as the characteristic features of the island's settlement, the aspect of migration is extremely important for Taiwan, as well as the security threats that arise in connection with it.
As a result, the author notes that the well-being and economic prosperity of the island depends on solving problems in these three areas, on minimizing threats.
Key words: Taiwan Island, economic security, energy security, ecology, migration.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.033
D.A. KARETNIKOVA Intern-Researcher of the National Institute for Global Security Studies (NIGSS), Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SECURITY AS A FACTOR IN RUSSIAN-TURKISH DIALOGUE: LIMITS AND OPPORTUNITIES
The article analyzes the problems and prospects of Russian-Turkish cooperation in the field of international information security (IIS) in a complex geopolitical situation. It considers the factors contributing to the rapprochement (economic interests, the fight against terrorism and cybercrime), as well as obstacles (historical contradictions, Turkey’s membership in NATO, different positions on international issues). Possible directions for strengthening mutual relations, especially in the energy sector, are presented. The author notes that the prospects for Russian-Turkish cooperation in the field of IIS remain uncertain and depend on many factors. On the one hand, common economic interests and the need to counter common threats bring countries closer together. On the other hand, Turkey’s historical contradictions, geopolitical orientation towards the West and its ambitions in the region create serious obstacles to this rapprochement. Despite the existing risks and challenges, the author believes that cooperation in the field of IIS can become an important factor for stability and security in the region if both countries show political will and readiness to compromise.
Key words: ICT, IIS, cybersecurity, Russia, Turkey, CII, cyberthreats, energy cooperation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.034
DANAR A MUSTAFA MUSTAFA Ph.D. candidate of Political Science, President of the Foundation for the Support and Development of Russian-Kurdish Cultural and Public Relations, Moscow, Russia
A.A. ASYLGUZHINA Postgraduate student at the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Assistant to the president of the Foundation for the Support and Development of Russian-Kurdish Cultural and Public Relations, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS OF IRAQI KURDISTAN: FROM KURDISH AREAS TO KURDISTAN REGION
The article examines the process, prerequisites and results of the change in the administrative status of Kurdistan within the Iraqi state, and also analyzes the main events that influenced the relations between the Kurds and the Iraqi authorities since the establishment of the state of Iraq. The current legal status of the Kurdistan region in federal Iraq is considered. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the concepts of “area” and “region” in Russian, Arabic and Kurdish languages. The results of the study revealed that the Kurds in Iraq first legislatively received the status of autonomy in 1974. An analysis of the law on the establishment of the Kurdish autonomy allowed us to conclude that it was very limited in nature and did not correspond to the agreement concluded between the Kurds and the Iraqi government in 1970. In 1992, in the conditions of a political and administrative vacuum, the Kurdistan Region was established, which in 2005 was recognized by the new Iraqi authorities as a federal subject. The legislative and executive powers of the Kurdistan Region, as well as the regional security forces, established in 1992, were also officially recognized and enshrined in the 2005 Constitution. The conclusion presents the main unsolved political problems that exist between the regional and federal authorities.
Key words: Kurdistan, Iraq, autonomy, administrative status, regional government.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.035
A.V. ROTANEV Aspirant, Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration, Diplomatic Academy of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
FEATURES OF THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN AFRICAN STATES: A LOOK AT THE REGION OF THE CONFEDERATION OF THE ALLIANCE OF THE SAHEL STATES
The purpose of this article is to analyze the main features of the political situation in African countries, paying special attention to the region of the Alliance of the Sahel States, to identify the key factors affecting political stability and development, as well as to consider the impact of historical, social and economic conditions on modern political processes.
Key words: Africa, Sahel, AES, Confederation, international security, political situation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.036
V.N. SADCHENKO Ph.D. of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of World Politics and Foreign Regional Studies, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russia
M.V. STUCHKAITE Bachelor's Degree in the Department of World Politics and Foreign Regional Studies, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russia
THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD ORDER ON THE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION REGIME: A PRECEDENT FOR THE CREATION OF AUKUS
Due to the increased chaotic nature of international relations, the nuclear nonproliferation regime, created in the context of a bipolar world, is becoming more difficult to function every year. There are no effective mechanisms capable of controlling States. The United States of America and its satellites aim to stop the change in the balance of power. This leads to the destabilization of global security. For example, the Australia, Great Britain and the United States of America – AUKUS alliance is a prime example of how geopolitical rivalry turns the international nuclear nonproliferation regime into a tool for achieving the strategic goals of certain countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the transformation of the system of international relations on the nuclear nonproliferation regime using the example of the AUKUS alliance. The achievement of this goal became possible through the solution of the following tasks: studying the contractual, legal and institutional foundations of the non-proliferation regime; investigation of the reasons for the creation of AUKUS and the objectives of the Alliance; determination of the impact of AUKUS on the nuclear nonproliferation regime. In this study, the authors rely on the theory of offensive realism, according to which, in order to ensure national security, a state can either provide a military advantage over others or deter countries from building up such an advantage. Thus, the alliance of Australia, Great Britain and the United States was created as a response to the growth of China's military and economic power. The authors concluded that the mechanism of the international nuclear nonproliferation regime is not able to effectively respond to the transfer of nuclear technologies by the countries of the nuclear club to one of the parties to the Rarotonga Treaty. This is because nuclear submarines, according to the legal framework, are exempt from IAEA monitoring. By creating the AUKUS trilateral defense alliance, the United States and its satellites have drawn a line of confrontation with Beijing. Thus, a bloc is being formed in the Indo-Pacific region aimed at curbing China's growing influence.
Key words: AUKUS, nuclear weapons, international nonproliferation regime, IAEA, Indo-Pacific region, USA, China, strategy of «Free and open Indo-Pacific region».
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.037
HAN WENXIN Ph.D. student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT CHINA
In recent years, the rapid development of information technologies has significantly changed the ways of obtaining information, especially in the field of international politics. Public opinion in the United States regarding China is characterized by a complex and fluctuating dynamic, where information technologies play a key role in shaping these views. This article examines the impact of information technologies on American public opinion about China through the lens of social media, news channels, and big data analysis. The political, economic, and social aspects of this influence are analyzed, and predictions and strategies for responding to future trends in public opinion are proposed.
Key words: Information technologies, social media, public opinion, China, sentiment analysis, big data, misinformation, opinion polarization, USA, traditional media.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.038
QIAO RUI Ph.D., lecturer, School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, China
LE TINGTING Bachelor's Degree Student, School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, China
YONG NIANPU Bachelor's Degree Student, School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, China
LIANG JIAXV Bachelor's Degree Student, School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, China
LI MENGLONG Ph.D., Associate professor, School of International and Public Affairs, Jilin University, Changchun, China
CREATING PEACE: THE ROLE AND CONTRIBUTION OF CHINA AND RUSSIA IN MIDDLE EAST RECONCILIATION
The article focuses on the efficacy and practice of great power diplomacy with Chinese features in the Middle East, in light of the region's ongoing instability, particularly its crucial role in the reconciliation of Saudi Arabia and Iran as well as the Palestinians. China and Russia are dedicated to serving as Middle East mediators and actively advancing the peace process in the region. The Middle East has responded favorably to China's global security initiatives, which have also received widespread international backing and recognition. In addition to showcasing its role as a peacemaker, China's diplomatic practices also bring Chinese programs and wisdom to international administration. China has contributed to the creation of a community of human destiny and demonstrated the vitality and efficacy of its diplomatic ideology. Russia commends China for its diplomatic practices and worldview. China and Russia will continue to play a significant role in Middle Eastern issues and collaborate to contribute more to global peace and development in the future.
Key words: Saudi-Iranian rapprochement, great power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, Beijing Declaration, global security initiatives.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.039
S.A. SHAPORENKO Postgraduate student of the Department of International and National Security of the Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIAN REGIONS AND THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
The article examines the current state of cross-border cooperation between the Russian regions and the Republic of Belarus. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that in modern geopolitical conditions, Russian-Belarusian cooperation is gaining special strategic importance, and cross-border cooperation is an important factor in strengthening interstate relations. The purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms of Russian-Belarusian cross-border cooperation and identify the factors that have the greatest impact on it. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined: to study the current state of Russian-Belarusian cross-border cooperation; to identify its current problems and establish the degree of influence of anti-Russian sanctions; to identify possible areas for the development of Russian-Belarusian cross-border cooperation. The methodological basis of the research is represented by both general scientific and special methods. The description, comprehensive synthesis of information and data analysis made it possible to identify key trends in the development of Russian-Belarusian cross-border cooperation, and the use of inductive and deductive methods made it possible to draw conclusions about its current state. The statistical method provided an empirical basis for theoretical generalizations, and the formal legal method provided a study of the thematic regulatory framework.
The Russian-Belarusian cross-border cooperation is a successful example of close cooperation to achieve mutually beneficial interests. Historically established contacts between the regions of the two states have created a solid foundation for the development of a multi-level system of cross-border cooperation. Cooperation in the border areas of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus goes far beyond the usual neighborhood interaction, forming a special zone of mutually beneficial partnership with an intensive exchange of resources, technologies and human capital. Cooperation covers a wide range of areas, from trade and economic ties to cultural exchange, and its promising areas are environmental projects, the development of tourism potential, the creation of special economic zones and technology parks. Currently, cross-border cooperation can have a positive impact on integration processes in the Union State.
Key words: cross-border cooperation, Union State, Russian-Belarusian border area, border regions of the Russian Federation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.040
G.O. SHISHOV Graduate student at Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CRISES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (EAEU)
The article analyzes the impact of global crises (economic, political, pandemic) on the development of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The key challenges facing the integration association are examined, as well as the measures taken by member states to adapt to new conditions. Special attention is paid to economic resilience, digitalization, and cooperation under sanctions pressure.
Key words: EAEU, global crises, economic integration, sanctions, sustainable development.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2025.117.5.041
I.M. SHCHERBAKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations and Integration Processes, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Assistant of the Department of Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology named after G. S. Arefieva NIU MEI, Moscow, Russia
ON THE IDEOLOGICAL AND VALUE FOUNDATIONS OF TÜRKİYE'S NEO-OTTOMANIST CIVILIZATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XXI CENTURY
This article examines the theoretical conceptualization of Türkiye's neo-Ottomanist civilizational identity in foreign policy in the first quarter of the 21st century. The relevance of this research topic is due to the complex conjuncture of international relations, one of the most important components of which is Türkiye, aimed at revising the liberal world order established by the United States of America and its allies towards multipolarity. One of the ways to integrate into this world order is to use a civilizational approach in building their own foreign policy (practiced by many non-Western states). The purpose of the article is to present the structure of Türkiye's neo-Ottomanist civilizational identity as part of the Turkish concept of a "state-civilization". As a result of the conducted research, it is argued that the modern neo-Ottomanist civilizational identity of Türkiye is based on a pragmatic combination of ideas of pan-Turkism, pan-Islamism and Kemalism. In general, this identity today is aimed at the hidden restoration of the values of the Ottoman Empire, taking into account the political realities of the first quarter of the 21st century, where an important aspect of this restoration is to solve the problem of the loss of its own regional leadership. The results of this study will allow domestic politicians to give a more accurate description of the deep foundations of Türkiye's foreign policy, as well as the actions carried out by this country in areas that overlap with Russia's interests.
Key words: neo-Ottomanist civilizational identity, neo-Ottomanism, pan-Turkism, pan-Islamism, Kemalism, foreign policy, R.T. Erdogan, the Ottoman Empire, Türkiye.