№ 8 (84), 2022
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 8 (84), 2022
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Solodova G.S. Ideology as a Source of Social Power
Poroshkov M.M. Features of the Spread of Ideological Concepts in Modern Political Discourse
Pronchev K.G. The Concept of "Hierarchical Personalism": Politology Aspect
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Ryazantsev S.V., Khramova M.N., Ledeneva V.Y., Bragin A.D. The Index of Integration of Ommigrants in Russia: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects
Titov V.V. The Place of the Image of the «Other» in the Construction of National Identity
Trofimov P.A. Conceptual Аnomalies of Will Kymlicka`S Theory of Multicultural Citizenship
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Lu Xiao, Seltser D.G. Meritocracy as a Principle of Formation of the Managerial Elite of Modern China
Adamova M.A., Ageeva E.A., Mankieva A.V. To the Question of the Escalation of Violence as a Way of Delegitimizing State Power by Terrorist Organizations
Grigoryan D.K., Tokareva A.V. Joking in Educational Institutions: the Problem of Power or Society?
Alimardonov A. Political Advertising in the Formation of Active Citizenship of Youth
Gadzhieva L.A. Modern Trends in the Development of Regional Culture Policy in Russia
Len'kov D.A. Civil Society of Russia in the Context of Global Trends in the Development of Civil Society
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Samuseva O.A. Evolution of China's Innovation Policy
Pashin M.M. Modernization of Health Policy in Chile During the Covid-19 Pandemic
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Nazarov A.D. International Exhibitions HeliRussia as a Tool for Increasing Competitiveness and Promoting Novelty of Domestic Helicopter Industry to Domestic and Foreign Markets
Surma I.V. Changing US, EU and NATO Foreign Policy: Transforming the Action Paradigm
Shulga E.P. USAID Activities in the Central Asian Region: Present and Future
Kozhukhova K.E. Chinese Strategic Culture in "The Taiwan Issue and the Reason for China's Reunification in the New Era" White Paper
Babchenko M.M. Dynamics of the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian Negotiation Process
Mehmet Urper. The Influence of the Islamic Factor on the Formation and Development of the International Policy Strategy of Turkey. Part 2
Semyonova O.V. Information and Analytical Support of the Foreign Policy Process Annotation
Van Czin'hujej. The Russian-Chinese Vector in the Far East in the Context of Anti-Russian Sanctions
Rabat Lujain. Characteristics of the Socio-Political Life and Political Culture of the Population in Syria
Liu Jingyuan, А Gudamu. China’s Contribution to Global Governance Reform
Stalnoy A.L. Perception the Problem of «German Guilt» in the Post-War GDR
Sholkova M.A. Japan-American Alliance under D. Trump and J. Biden
STUDENT SCIENCE
Ilin P.A. The Mass Media in Modern Russia as an Instrument of Public Opinion Management
Olenich Yu.S. Modern Political Instruments for Counterterrorism
Sanzharov V.A. Image-Making in International Football Organizations (on the Example of FIFA): Challenges and Trends
Sviridov A.A. Political Crises Caused by Energy Factors: the Suez Crisis of 1956
Tian Zhuo. Russian Neoconservatism and Putinism
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.001
G.S. SOLODOVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
IDEOLOGY AS A SOURCE OF SOCIAL POWER
The age-old question of power, its nature, methods of maintaining and strengthening on the agenda for a century or even a millennium. We can safely talk about its rootedness in the nature of human communities. The article is based on the four-volume work of the American sociologist Michael Mann "Sources of Social Power". Along with this, the works of other authors were used. Having identified, following Mann, the economic, military and political sources of social power, the emphasis is on the role of ideology.
Key words: types of power: ideological, economic, military and political, ideology, education as a way to universalize the elite, ideological solidarity of the ruling class.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.002
M.M. POROSHKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
FEATURES OF THE SPREAD OF IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
The relevance of the article is due to significant changes in political discourse, which are caused, on the one hand, by new technical means of broadcasting information, and on the other hand, by changing social practices of its consumption and further distribution. There is an increase in public demand for new ideologies, but they must be expressed in a capacious, understandable and relevant form, and not in the established and outdated forms of discourse of the last century. Ideologists, due to the new conditions and the complication of the ideological concepts themselves, will have to change the very approach of interaction with the discourse, choosing the optimal form for the dissemination of ideological concepts. The purpose of the study is to formulate a sequence of actions to create the optimal form for the dissemination of an ideological concept. Based on the goal, the following tasks follow: to analyze the general change in the conditions for conducting political discourse on the principle of working with information; identify the key subject of political discourse that affects the dissemination of news and its functional features; generalize the obtained data in recommendations for creating a form for the dissemination of an ideological concept. The main method is comparative analysis. The article analyzes the factors influencing the spread of ideological concepts in discourse: from technical to structural ones. The results of the analysis make it possible to create recommendations for specialists in working with ideologies in discourse. The current state of political discourse, determined by the indicated factors and expressed in the current practice, allows us to conclude that a stable mechanism for the dissemination of news in the new information age has been formed, which is mandatory for understanding and use by specialists in working with discourse.
Key words: political discourse, ideology, ideological concept, social networks, news, rewrite, repost.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.003
K.G. PRONCHEV Postgraduate student, Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF "HIERARCHICAL PERSONALISM": POLITOLOGY ASPECT
The article is devoted to the consideration of variations in the refraction of the concept of "hierarchical personalism" in political theory and practice. The works of the theorists of the concept, as well as related doctrines operating with the categories "We", "Symphonic personality", "Collective personality" are analyzed. The heterogeneity of the concept of "hierarchical personalism" and "personalism" as the doctrine of the immutable value of personality is demonstrated. The main provisions of the concept and historical dynamics are compared. The ongoing antipersonalist trend is recorded, its connection with the development of information and communication technologies is characterized. The conclusion is made about the dangers associated with the attempt to apply the ideas developed by the theorists of the concept to political reality.
Key words: hierarchical personalism, personalism, collective personality, V. Stern, N.O. Lossky, personality and state, identity.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.004
S.V. RYAZANTSEV Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Director of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
M.N. KHRAMOVA PhD in Physics, Deputy Director for International and Educational Activities of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
V.Y. LEDENEVA Doctor of Sociology, Head of the Department of Ethnodemographic and Integration Processes of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
A.D. BRAGIN PhD Student, Junior researcher of the Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
THE INDEX OF INTEGRATION OF OMMIGRANTS IN RUSSIA: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
This article presents an analysis of the integration processes of migrants in Russian society. Taking into account the fact that the Russian Federation is one of the world leaders in terms of migration flows, the issue of the subsequent integration of migrants is of priority importance both for the successful development of Russian society and for the improvement of the demographic situation in the country. Despite these factors current domestic practice lacks sufficient migrant integration mechanisms and assessment tools that would take into account regional economic and ethno-demographic specificities of the regions. It is due to integration assessment mechanisms that migration authorities of the host society are able to manage the integration process qualitatively, which minimizes ethno-cultural conflicts and increases the level of migrants' involvement in economic development. The purpose of this paper is to improve and modernize the Russian Migrant Integration Index and its evaluation mechanisms by developing a theoretical and methodological framework for the topic under study. Based on the Russian Regional Index of Migrant Integration (RRIMI) and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), the authors analyzed the current process of migrant integration in Russia, taking into account current economic and ethno-demographic characteristics. The current process of migrant integration in the Russian Federation is described. Problem areas of the reviewed indices are identified with recommendations for further improvement. Approaches to compiling a current migrant integration index are highlighted. A theoretical and methodological framework for the Migrant Integration Index in the Russian Federation is developed on the basis of this research.
Key words: migration, integration, demography, political regulation, ethno-cultural diversity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.005
V.V. TITOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Leading Researcher, Financial University under the Government Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE PLACE OF THE IMAGE OF THE «OTHER» IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
The article is devoted to understanding the place and functional role of the image of the «other» in the formation of national identity, understood as a complex and multidimensional construct – a macropolitical representation of «us» in the context of the surrounding socio-political reality. At the center of research interest is the peculiarities of structuring and semantic content of the image of the «significant other». Based on the appeal to the post-Soviet cases of national-state construction, special attention is paid to the problem of the «significant other» in the structure of «negative» identities – matrices of national self-identification, the cognitive and affective core of which is the image of «Russia as a significant other». It is noted that this construct of mass consciousness, actively evolving, has undergone serious radicalization in a number of countries of the former USSR: it acquired relief and completed contours of the image of the «enemy».
Key words: image of the «other», «significant other», national identity, image of the «enemy», outgroup discrimination, attribution, ethnic stereotypes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.006
P.A. TROFIMOV PhD student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CONCEPTUAL АNOMALIES OF WILL KYMLICKA`S THEORY OF MULTICULTURAL CITIZENSHIP
The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical anomalies in the work of the Canadian philosopher Will Kymlicka, who sought to build a unified universal concept of liberal multiculturalism. However, attempts to build a comprehensive theory have led to the fact that there are fragments in it that do not fit into the author's categorical apparatus. Among them are such ethno-confessional groups as the Amish, Hutterites, blacks of both Americas, refugees, as well as the descendants of the "colonizers" who found themselves outside their homelands due to the collapse of the world colonial system. Nevertheless, the most interesting example of them are representatives of Protestant sects, which received special attention from the theorists of multiculturalism, including Will Kimlica. The existence of these groups creates a contradiction between their internal structure and the politics of the liberal state, which is faced with the task of maintaining civil rights and freedoms, which may not coincide with the ideas of these specific groups. Consequently, the question arises of the legitimacy of interference in their internal affairs with the possibility of their liberalization. This also raises the issue of granting autonomy to cultural groups that practice internal restrictions. Among them, a striking example may be some tribes of the indigenous population of North and South America, who, like Protestant sects, tend to restrict the freedom of their members. However, against the background of the above, the question arises as to whether the cultural liberals' view of relations within these groups is correct. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to show that their ideas about internal restrictions are not relevant.
Key words: multiculturalism, Will Kymlicka, liberalization, sects, Protestants, Amish, Hutterites, culture, minorities, liberalism, leftist liberalism.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.007
LU XIAO Postgraduate student of the Department of International Relations and political science Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia
D.G. SELTSER Doctor of political sciences, professor, Deputy Rector of the Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia
MERITOCRACY AS A PRINCIPLE OF FORMATION OF THE MANAGERIAL ELITE OF MODERN CHINA
The purpose of the article is to establish the basic principles, forms, methods, mechanisms and concrete examples of the formation of the national elite of modern China, to correlate them with traditional Chinese values and requirements for officialdom, as well as to assess the place of meritocracy in the system of these values and requirements. The general scientific discourse on the place of personnel policy in the establishment of the national elite and the effectiveness of its mechanisms in the context of the political process in China is considered. The historical experience of the formation of the state model of elite recruiting in China is analyzed and its transformation into the current model of elite-personnel replacement is demonstrated. One of the specific features of the Chinese model of democracy is highlighted – the establishment of the elite through the use of the principle of meritocracy. The practical meaning and real content of the term “meritocracy” is revealed. The general logic of personnel processes at the present stage of the country's development is derived and the influence of the meritocratic approach in the formation of the elite on them is specially emphasized. On a separate example, the Chinese model of the competitive procedure for establishing the elite, the requirements for its selection are identified and its sequence and stages are highlighted. The objective role of the meritocratic approach to the formation of cadres of party and state administration in the PRC is determined. The place of each of the stages of elite formation in the selection of the best, from the point of view of the state, representatives of society is clarified. The criteria for the selection of representatives of Chinese society for public service are revealed. It is concluded that the modern principles of elite recruiting are organic to history, traditions, mentality and modern Chinese realities. Meritocracy is defined as the basic principle of the formation of the managerial class of modern China.
Key words: PRC, CPC, personnel policy, managerial personnel, elite recruiting, personnel procedures, meritocracy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.008
M.A. ADAMOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department international relations, political science and world economy, Institute of International Relations Pyatigorsky state university, Pyatigorsk, Russia
E.A. AGEEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State, Municipal Administration and Law of the North Caucasus Institute branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia
A.V. MANKIEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department legal support for the activities of authorities North Caucasian Institute of the branch of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF THE ESCALATION OF VIOLENCE AS A WAY OF DELEGITIMIZING STATE POWER BY TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS
In the modern society of risks and threats of a different nature, terrorism occupies a special place. For the states of the world, the issues of confronting terrorist organizations are acute, not only because of the destructive ideology of the latter, based on physical violence and moral and psychological intimidation of society. It is also important that the maintenance of peace and security in a particular country and throughout the world also depends on the presence of a common global understanding that the possible use of force in society must be exclusively legal and legitimate and can come exclusively from specialized state structures and departments and only in order to ensure the security of each individual, society and the state as a whole.
Key words: terrorism, ideology, security, counter-terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.009
D.K. GRIGORYAN Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Ethnopolitics of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminalistics and Operational Search Activities of the Institution of the Russian Interior Ministry, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
A.V. TOKAREVA Student of the Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
JOKING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: THE PROBLEM OF POWER OR SOCIETY?
This article discusses the actualization of key problems in the field of mass murder in educational institutions of the Russian Federation. The positions of legal scholars are investigated, official reporting materials are presented, revealing the picture of crime at the stages of preparation or commission of socially dangerous acts in educational institutions of Russia. In conclusion, recommendations are offered for the prevention and control of this socially dangerous act.
Key words: shooting in educational institutions, mass murders, terrorist act, law enforcement agencies, deviation, personal qualities, criminology, power, society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.010
A. ALIMARDONOV Independent applicant, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
POLITICAL ADVERTISING IN THE FORMATION OF ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP OF YOUTH
This article is devoted to the place and role of political advertising in shaping the position of active citizenship among young people. The author considers social advertising as a social technology aimed at the formation of new social values and socially approved behavior patterns.
Key words: political advertising, power, democracy, technology, system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.011
L.A. GADZHIEVA Graduate student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL CULTURE POLICY IN RUSSIA
The article deals with the actual problem of regional cultural policy in Russia. Today, Russian cultural policy is an important autonomous activity of management structures at all levels. Within the framework of cultural policy, the state, regional and municipal levels are singled out. They differ in the level of programs for the implementation of this policy, as well as the tasks solved at their level. The regional one is aimed at implementing the territorial specifics of the regions and at pursuing their cultural policy, which ensures regional development that does not contradict state strategic principles and guidelines. To achieve this goal, the regions are monitoring and solving urgent problems of the cultural sphere. The analysis carried out shows that the key factors of regional cultural policy are the development of areas and types of cultural activities. At the same time, one should not refuse to take into account other categories, such as fundamental issues of cultural development, its resource provision, external influence and state management of this area. Today, each of the Russian regions has a number of problems in the implementation of its cultural policy, which they highlight. The differentiation of these problems depends on the presence of large cities in the region or, on the contrary, regional remoteness from the federal center, which determines the difference in the level of financing and accessibility of residents to cultural objects in their regions, as well as on the targeted activities of regional authorities to develop the regional cultural sphere.
Key words: culture, state, cultural policy, regions, subjects of the Russian Federation, regional cultural policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.012
D.A. LEN'KOV South-Russia Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
CIVIL SOCIETY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY
The article analyzes the multi-version nature of the formation and development of civil society in various socio-political cultures: primarily Western and Russian. The importance of studying these processes from the standpoint of the methodology of social and humanitarian innovations is emphasized. It is stated that an important aspect in the formation of civil society in modern conditions is the principle of regionalization: reliance not only on the specifics of the settlement environment (urbanized and traditional), but also on the resources (transport, communicative, economic, environmental, natural and environmental, demographic, etc.) of the region. This principle, arising from regional features, essentially implements and develops the requirements of the subsidiary of the federal state, which is modern Russia. The main steps are covered – models for the development of civil society in post-Soviet Russia, identified from the standpoint of social and humanitarian innovation: patronage, competitive, partner.
Key words: civil society, social and humanitarian innovation, patronage, competition, partnership, civic engagement, non-profit partnership.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.013
O.A. SAMUSEVA Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S INNOVATION POLICY
Noting the importance of taking into account the main approaches to the stated problem, it is necessary in the new geopolitical conditions to supplement the theoretical and practical provisions on the impact of innovations on the development of the state, a specific analysis of the national concept in this area and the study of influence factors are needed. The article is devoted to the development of the innovation policy of the People's Republic of China, the role of the innovation aspect in international relations. The influence of various factors of China's development on the formation and direction of the evolution of the state's policy in the innovation sphere is also considered. The relevance of the study emphasizes the key role of innovation in the long-term sustainable development of any state.
Key words: innovation policy of the People's Republic of China, international relations, political development, development strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.014
M.M. PASHIN Postgraduate student at the Department of political science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
MODERNIZATION OF HEALTH POLICY IN CHILE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health systems around the world, including Latin America’s countries. In this article are analyzed aspects of the modernization of health policy in Chile during the pandemic. The author emphasizes that in order to modernize health policy, it is necessary to develop a preventive direction and reform the public health system with an emphasis on primary health care. In addition, the article provides an expert assessment of the mobilization mechanisms of the state, which had a positive impact on the dynamics of the fight against the pandemic, and also highlights those tools that should be applied in the future to further modernize health policy in Chile.
Key words: healthcare policy, Latin America, social policy, COVID-19 pandemic.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.015
A.D. NAZAROV Professor, doctor of historical sciences, Deputy Head of the Department of Advertising and Communications with the public on scientific work of the Institute of Foreign Languages Moscow Aviation Institute (National research university) (MAI), Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS HELIRUSSIA AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS AND PROMOTING NOVELTY OF DOMESTIC HELICOPTER INDUSTRY TO DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MARKETS
The article discusses the current level of coordination of international cooperation in the field of exhibition activities in our country in the form of prestigious helicopter exhibitions. In particular, this applies to HeliRussia (International Helicopter Industry Exhibition) held in Moscow in May 2022. Already for the 15th time! As the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin: “Over the past years, HeliRussia has gained high prestige in the domestic and international professional community, has become the leading demonstration platform, which largely determines the vector of development of the helicopter industry” [19]. Practice shows that regular holding of such events, even in the most difficult conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and tougher economic sanctions from a number of Western countries, helps to strengthen cooperation, healthy competition and promote new products to domestic and foreign markets.
Key words: HeliRussia International Exhibition of Helicopter Industry, exhibition communication management, diversification of the military-industrial complex, policy of technological sovereignty.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.016
I.V. SURMA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Ph.D. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; professor of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia
CHANGING US, EU AND NATO FOREIGN POLICY: TRANSFORMING THE ACTION PARADIGM
The article deals with issues related to the transformation of the foreign policy of the US, the EU and the North Atlantic Alliance, with a change in the paradigm of their actions and the transition to an offensive foreign policy. The illusion that the geopolitical landscape, fixed with the recognition of formal (state) and informal (political) borders (the Helsinki Final Act following the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe), would no longer change, was shattered with the end of the Cold War. The confrontation moved to the mental and ideological plane, and then the whole system of accepted agreements was changed, destroying the existing conditional balance of power. The former approach to international relations through the prism of geopolitical interests was transformed into the assertion of universal values that are important for everyone (human rights, the fight against climate change, free trade, etc.), which the same West began to manipulate in its own interests. As a result, the liberal order in more and more global spaces turned into geopolitical chaos and the dismantling of the liberal-democratic model of the world led by the United States began to take place, and their global monopoly began to change to a polycentric model of the world order. A brief assessment is given of the results of the NATO summit in Madrid in June this year and the new Strategic Concept of the bloc, which is fundamentally different from the seventh version of 2010, when, in conditions of peace and stability in the Euro-Atlantic region, NATO defined threats in a common broad framework. The new document more frankly and clearly captures the actions of Russia as destroying a stable and predictable order, and as authoritarian states around the world (Russia and China) using the democratic principles of the organization of NATO member countries (including digital openness) to undermine their security.
The article notes the peculiarity of modern confrontation on the world stage, which manifests itself in its hybrid nature, i.e. combining military and peaceful means, combining traditional warfare with large-scale information and psychological impact. In the new geopolitical realities, it will be possible to predict an increase in the aggressiveness of the collective West, and its courage and activity will be determined by the fact that the war has a proxy character, that is, it is being waged on foreign territory and by proxy.
Key words: New world order, international security, NATO, USA, international relations, EU, Russia, OSCE, China, geopolitics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.017
E.P. SHULGA Ph.D., Associate Professor, Head of the Department of the SHE, Surgut State Pedagogical University, Surgut, Russia
USAID ACTIVITIES IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION: PRESENT AND FUTURE
This article is devoted to the study of the activities of the US Agency for International Development in the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union in the 20s of the XXI century in the context of the geopolitical interests of the United States in this region. The importance of the Central Asian region for the interests of the United States is substantiated, the ways of work of the Agency for International Development are described. The agency's expenditures in the post-Soviet countries by sector are analyzed. Financing plans for various sectors in Central Asia are being considered. From which it becomes clear that the agency has two main directions: countering China and Russia. Analyzing the activities of USAID, the author concludes that the main tool of the agency in this region will be basin councils. Designed not only to control the most important resource of the region – water, but also to further regulate it.
Key words: Central Asia, USAID, US Department of State, developing countries, foreign aid, basin councils, water resources control.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.018
K.E. KOZHUKHOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Lecturer of the Department of Political Science, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
CHINESE STRATEGIC CULTURE IN "THE TAIWAN ISSUE AND THE REASON FOR CHINA'S REUNIFICATION IN THE NEW ERA" WHITE PAPER
The current change in the international political situation after the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis on February 24, 2022 pushes states to rethink their national identity and territorial integrity. The People's Republic of China was no exception. The ancient strategic culture of this country did not allow the Taiwanese issue, which has been going on for several decades, to be left without a reaction. The work highlights China's new white paper "The Taiwan Issue and the Reason for China's Reunification in a New Era" based on discourse and content analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the People's Republic of China insists on the reunification of the two Chinas and the absence of interference in this conflict by third parties, especially the United States, to which a separate part of the document is devoted. The Taiwan issue is an internal issue of the two Chinese States and requires a Chinese harmonious approach in solving the problem of reunification. The PRC does not envisage the military use of force, but at the same time it is not excluded in order to avoid a civil war. The document suggests a way of rapprochement between the two Chinas, consisting of four main directions. In addition, the Chinese government insists on the stability and prosperity of its country only in conjunction with reunification with compatriots in Taiwan.
Key words: strategic culture, foreign policy, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Taiwan issue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.019
М.М. BABCHENKO Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Science and Political Analysis of the Institute of Public Administration, Law and Social and Humanitarian Sciences of the T.G. Shevchenko Pridnestrovian State University, Tiraspol, Pridnestrovie, Republic of Moldova
DYNAMICS OF THE MOLDOVAN-PRIDNESTROVIAN NEGOTIATION PROCESS
The negotiation process is the only internationally recognized method of resolving a political conflict. The purpose of the article is to consider the development of relations between the Republic of Moldova and Pridnestrovie within the framework of the negotiation process. The negotiation process on the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian settlement covers the period from 1992 to the present, the author divides the entire period into 6 chronological stages, which are characterized by cyclical stages of confrontation and cooperation. In the article, a special place is given to the generalization of the agreements reached between the parties in the framework of the negotiation process and the conditions for their implementation. The dynamics of the negotiation process and the factors influencing the development of Moldovan-Pridnestrovian relations are revealed. The author describes the projects for the settlement of the Moldovan-Transnistrian conflict within the framework of the negotiation process, proposed at different historical stages of the negotiation process by mediators from Ukraine and Russia. The article describes the mechanism of the negotiation process and its transformation from the "3+2" to "5+2" format. The main conclusion is that the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian negotiation process preserves peace and stability in the region and does not allow for a political settlement of the Moldovan-Pridnestrovian conflict. In the article, the author offers recommendations on the further conduct of the negotiation process by the Pridnestrovian side.
Key words: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, Republic of Moldova, Moldova-Pridnestrovian conflict, negotiation process, settlement, "5+2" format, international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.020
MEHMET URPER Senior Lecturer at the Department of International Humanitarian relations of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ISLAMIC FACTOR ON THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL POLICY STRATEGY OF TURKEY PART 2
This article is devoted to the question of the role and significance of the Islamic factor in the foreign and domestic policy of the state of Turkey at the beginning of the XXI century. In addition, the focus is on the concept of the worldview of the Islamic factor, which is an extremely important and relevant concept, as the main source of the development of conflict events of a confessional nature on a global and regional scale. In this article, we are trying to analyze the concept of the Islamic factor as a political tool in the formation and development of the internal and external political activities of the Justice and Development Party, in the period after 2002. In addition, we are trying to demonstrate the influence of the religion of Islam on the measurement of relations between the states of the Middle East region. In this regard, the subject of our study is the split between representatives of the state apparatus of Kemalism adherents and representatives of the Islamic political movement with the traditional legacy of the Ottoman period in the modern politics of Turkey in the 21st century. Our goal is to present a holistic picture of the political activity of the AKP, through the prism of Islamic populism within the political dynamics of Turkey and the region. In addition, an attempt was made to analyze the influence of Islamic religious values on the political dynamics of the state, namely, which of them lead to the emergence of "Imperialism 2.0.", As the ultimate basis of Turkey's foreign policy, in order to form a new state "Neo-Republican model", It is especially important to note that in the international arena, relations between subjects are partly developing in the presence of the religious factor at the beginning of the 21st century.
Key words: Turkey, religious factor, international relations, Islam, Middle East.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.021
O.V. SEMYONOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF THE FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS ANNOTATION
Information systems are used in almost all spheres of human activity. In this regard, most of the processes taking place in the modern world should be considered informational. Confidential information is increasingly becoming the basis for foreign policy analysis. The information approach in the analysis of foreign policy reveals both the prospects for obtaining new knowledge and the growing threats to information security in the modern world. There is an increasing need for effective provision of information and analytical activities in the foreign policy process and ensuring the information security of foreign policy departments, citizens and states. The article describes the main approaches and methods for analyzing the foreign policy process, which require special skills for their use. To solve these problems, it is necessary to create conditions for the training of international analysts and the education of information and analytical culture of citizens by means of educational technologies. Thus, the information and analytical support of the foreign policy process is a multifaceted activity to create conditions for the most efficient use and improvement of the intellectual potential of expert analysts and the intellectual and computing capabilities of information systems in order to develop and make decisions within the framework of the foreign policy process.
Key words: information and analytical support in the foreign policy process, information and analytical systems, information and analytical activities, foreign policy analysis, analysis of international relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.022
VAN CZIN'HUJEJ Candidate of Department of Political Science of the East of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE VECTOR IN THE FAR EAST IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTI-RUSSIAN SANCTIONS
The sanctions confrontation of the Western countries, led by the United States, contributed to the turn of Russia's policy towards Asia. The Russian Far East retains its strategic importance for the Russian Federation and its main partner in the Asian region – China. Each country has formed an independent external border vector aimed at solving problems in the national interests. In the new political realities, the study of the practices of the established strategies of our states and their theoretical understanding seem relevant, since they will contribute to the preservation and further development of Russian-Chinese relations. The purpose of this article is to characterize the Far Eastern region of Russia in the aspect of Russian-Chinese relations, taking into account anti-Russian sanctions.
Key words: foreign policy, international relations, People's Republic of China, Far East, Russian Federation, anti-Russian sanctions, Russian strategy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.023
RABAT LUJAIN PhD Student, Junior Researcher at the Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE AND POLITICAL CULTURE OF THE POPULATION IN SYRIA
Since the beginning of the crisis in Syria in 2011, many studies have been conducted and many recommendations have been proposed regarding the Syrian conflict and the best ways to end it and rebuild the country. However, most studies do not consider the characteristics of the socio-political process in the country, which are vital factors that should be taken into account when determining the best ways to restore peace and social cohesion in countries affected by conflict. The article examines the stages of the development of socio-political life in the Syrian Arab Republic since the time of the Ottoman Empire and highlights the features of the socio-political life and political culture of the Syrian population in order to provide a better understanding of the socio-political process in Syria and how citizens perceive their role in the socio-political system. The study shows that the main characteristics of socio-political life in Syria are the rejection of foreign interference, the instability of political processes, the control of elites over socio-political processes, and the institutionalization of traditional identities. And the predominant type of political culture in the country is the “subject” political culture in which citizens see themselves as a subject, not an object of politics and are not actively involved in the socio-political life of the country.
Key words: peacebuilding, political culture, socio-political process, Syrian Arab Republic, Syrian conflict.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.024
LIU JINGYUAN Postgraduate student, Department of Comparative Political Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
А GUDAMU Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics, International Security Department Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CHINA’S CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE REFORM
The article examines the problems of the current global governance and analyzes China’s contribution in supporting the idea of reforming the global governance system, strengthening the voice of developing countries, and supplementing existing mechanisms and offering global public goods. Provides information for understanding China’s approach to global governance and China's foreign policy in the context of the rise of the great powers.
Key words: global governance, global governance system, global governance reform, China, contribution.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.025
A.L. STALNOY Political science graduate Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
PERCEPTION THE PROBLEM OF «GERMAN GUILT» IN THE POST-WAR GDR
The GDR and the FRG equally became the heirs of the German guilt complex following the results of the Second World War, but the features of political and economic structures were reflected in the powerful interpretation of the guilt complex. The GDR, which was a socialist state, attempted to get rid of the guilt complex, relying on the fundamental political myths about East Germany's anti-fascism and the regime continuity of the West German state with the Third Reich. The memory policy pursued by the SED party line was based, among other things, on the glorification of anti-fascist figures and the monopolization of the legacy of communist resistance. The author summarizes that the absence of an open public sphere, research reflection and thematization of guilt in the East German discourse ultimately led to the exteriorization of the topic of guilt, the instrumentalization of collective memory of the past and the externalization of responsibility for the crimes of the National Socialist regime.
Key words: German guilt, guilt complex, GDR, politics of memory, collective memory, antifascism, denazification, historical trauma.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.026
М.А. SHOLKOVA Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy, Moscow, Russia
JAPAN-AMERICAN ALLIANCE UNDER D. TRUMP AND J. BIDEN
This article analyzes three joint statements signed by Japanese and USA leaders in 2017, 2021 and 2022 years. The author highlights the main trends of Japan – U.S. alliance and concludes that new guidelines for Japan – U.S. defense cooperation may be signed soon.
Key words: Japan-American Alliance, cooperation between Japan and USA, joint statement, D. Trump, J. Biden, Sh. Abe, Yo. Suga, F. Kishida.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.027
P.A. ILIN Master Student in Political Science, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia
THE MASS MEDIA IN MODERN RUSSIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF PUBLIC OPINION MANAGEMENT
In this article, the author analyzes the main mass media in a democratic society using modern Russia as an example, as well as the influence of the media on public opinion. The author examines the most common methods of manipulating the public mind, which are used by the media to promote a certain news agenda. The problem of citizens' trust in traditional media and new media, the relationship between trust in the media and the state, and the impact of this indicator on public sentiment are examined. In addition, the author of the article, by studying the research materials from open sources, draws conclusions about the prospects and trends in the development of traditional media and new media. The article uses independent sources of information.
Key words: mass media, public opinion, state, manipulation, citizens, influence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.028
Yu.S. OLENICH Master of Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia) in the direction of "Management", Moscow, Russia
MODERN POLITICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR COUNTERTERRORISM
The article analyzes the main features of modern terrorism and provides recommendations for the development of effective anti-terrorist measures; the characteristic features, signs and differences of modern terrorism from terrorism of the past years are considered. It is noted that the solution to the problem of terrorism is currently possible on the basis of a global and integrated approach within the framework of international cooperation, institutional support, and the global rule of law. It is also noted that modern terrorism, given its transnational nature, can endanger the existence of nation-states. In this regard, the problem of research and analysis of modern political instruments for countering terrorism is relevant and arises most acutely. Thus, the task of creating such a comprehensive system of new-generation anti-terrorist measures that would help to curb the spread of Islamist terrorist ideas and effectively combat the complex and multifactorial problem of terrorism comes to the fore for the world political community.
Key words: terrorism, terrorist group, non-governmental organization, scientific and technological progress, mass media, interstate interaction, national state.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.029
V.A. SANZHAROV Student of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
IMAGE-MAKING IN INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL ORGANIZATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FIFA): CHALLENGES AND TRENDS
The aim of this paper is to identify the tools that FIFA uses to improve its image. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks are formulated: to identify the reasons for the need to change the organization's image-making strategy, to identify tools aimed at improving the image of FIFA by the example of specific cases. To conduct the research, the author used both general scientific methods, in particular, deduction, induction, analysis and generalization, and special methods – narrative method, index method, document analysis method, and case study method. It is noted that the efforts of the organization to improve its image in recent years are primarily related to the corruption scandal of 2010-2015. As a result, trust in FIFA has plummeted and the loyalty of football fans has decreased. In addition, many large partners left, which dramatically affected the organization's income. In order to restore its image, FIFA initiated a number of internal reforms that were aimed at increasing the transparency of the organization and its tournaments. It is concluded that initiatives aimed at involving women in football, the development of this sport in developing countries, the protection of human rights and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle have become a key component of improving the image of FIFA.
Key words: international organizations, image-making, FIFA, football, sports, sports management.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.030
A.A. SVIRIDOV Master's student of the Faculty of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL CRISES CAUSED BY ENERGY FACTORS: THE SUEZ CRISIS OF 1956
The article is devoted to the political and energy international crisis that arose as a result of the struggle of the Egyptian people for the nationalization of the Suet Canal. The prehistory of the crisis and the policy of Great Britain in relation to Egypt and the shipping channel of this country, agreements of international importance on the use of this object and ownership rights to it are being studied. The role of Egyptian President G.A. Nasser, as well as the desire of Great Britain, France and Israel to resolve this crisis in their favor through political and diplomatic pressure, sanctions, blockade of Egypt and armed intervention on its territory are considered. The contribution of the USA and the USSR in overcoming this crisis is taken into account: negotiations at the UN and pressure from N.S. Khrushchev to Western countries. The results of the crisis are summed up: the failure of the military operation, the blocking of the canal and the use of US oil reserves. Conclusions are drawn about the international significance of this crisis and its lessons for England and France.
Key words: nationalization of the Suez Canal, diplomatic pressure, armed intervention, the «Oil Transfer» program, positions of the great powers.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.84.8.031
TIAN ZHUO Master, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
RUSSIAN NEOCONSERVATISM AND PUTINISM
The article examines the phenomenon of such a phenomenon as "Putinism", which is characterized by a number of researchers as a new Russian ideology. At the same time, the author analyzes various points of view on this political phenomenon – Western and Russian researchers in the field of political science and sociology.
This ideology is considered in the context of neoconservatism, which in Russia acquires its own specifics, unlike Western political trends. In this regard, the author sets the goal of the study – to analyze the concept of "Putinism" in the context of Russian neoconservatism. The subject of the study is the political phenomenon "Putinism", the object is the new Russian ideology.
As the main conclusions, the article identifies the prospects for the development of the directions of this ideology and their role in the life of the Russian state both within the country and in the international arena.
Key words: putinism, neoconservatism, conservatism, ideological content, democracy.