№ 3 (67), 2021
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 11, Issue 3 (67), 2021.
CONTENTS
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
Adamova M.A., Kandyba R.A., Mankieva A.V. Theoretical Aspects of Migration Processes in the Modern Political Discourse
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Velikaya N.M., Novozhenina O.P. Socio-Political Values in the Image of the Future of Russian Citizens as the Basis for the Political and Economic Modernization of the Country
Tyukov N.A., Shapovalov V.I. Mechanisms and Motivation for the Participation of Representatives of the Russian Pedagogical Community in Political Processes
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Astvatsaturova M.A., Yang Fulin. Patriotic Aspects of the Program Discourse of Modern Communist Parties: (Local Comparative Analysis)
Abramova M.A. Transformation of Modern Russian Society in the Eurasian Socio-Cultural Space: Justification of the Research Approach
Muravykh A.I., Nikitenko E.G. The Discounted Elite of the Consumer Society
Nazarov A.D. Achievements, Challenges and Prospects of the Current Stage of Space Exploration
Bubnov A.Yu., Savelyeva M.A. The Memory of the Great Patriotic War in Belarus as a Space of "Memorial Wars" (on the Example of Online Discussion Analysis)
Dobrynina M.V. Engineering Education in the Context of National Security Issues in the Russian Federation: Development According to the Mobilization Scenario
Feldman P.Ya., Farniev S.A., Mironov S.I. Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the use of Manipulative Political Technologies in the Information War (on Example of the COVID-19 Pandemic)
Nikushkin A.B. Digital Platforms as the Communication Channel and the Party Politics Tool: a Comparative Analysis
Majidov O.I. The Main Directions of the Policy of Building a Civil Society in Uzbekistan
Saveleva U.S. Consolidation of Russian Society: Challenges and Prospects
Baykov S.A. Communication Strategy of the Political Elite and Society in Russia in the Context of International Confrontation
Ventsel S.V. Political Extremism in the Space of New Media: Problematic Aspects and Technological Nuances
Vu Thi Huong. Internet Technologies in Election Campaigns in the Contemporary Political Process
Basov O.N. Instruments of Elite Struggle for Political Power in Bureaucratic Systems with the use of Media
Masuev A.A., Mendritzki M.Yu. Prospective Mechanisms and Technologies for Countering Political Extremism in a Virtual Environment
Sanchat S.S. Research of Regional Political Systems in Modern Russia: Actuality and Prospects
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
Ismoilova G.I. Impact of Economic Reforms for Spiritual and Moral Development of Personality
Pilyagin K.A. Essence and Content of Political Mechanisms for Formation and Implementation of Cultural Policy
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
Voronina N.A. Мigrants in Moscow: Cultural Diversity and Facets of Ethnopolitics
Zhetpysbaev S.K. Ethnopolitics of Kazakhstan: Towards Unity Through Diversity
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
Tushkov A.A., Danilova A.I. The Ethnopolitical Conflict Potential of Modern China
Aljarwan Mohd Khier Jarwan. Conflict Relations of Iran in the Context of the Syrian Crisis (Case Study of Israel)
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
Tushkov A.A., Fedorenko U.V. China's Peripheral Diplomacy as a Basis of “Community of Common Destiny” Concept
Pryahin V.F. On the Principal and Tactical Differences in the Foreign Policy of the Republican and Demokratic Administrations of the USA
Khlopov O.A. Turkey's Energy Security Problems
Rodionova M.E., Nazarova N.A., Gimaliev V.G. Current Trends in Electoral Processes in the EU Countries
Kоchetkov E.E. Problems and Prospects of Federalization and Regionalization of some Arab Countries
Moiseev A.V., Shangaraev R.N. International Cooperation to Reduce Global Nuclear Threats: Concepts and Practice
Avakyan D.A., Trofimova K.M. Social and Political Conflict as a Factor in the Development of Labor Relations in the UK
Popov S.I., Menajdinova A.R. Specifics of Regulation of Immigration Policy in Germany as a Condition of Political Stability
Semenova O.V. Musical and Informational Space of the Multicultural Environment as a Factor of the "Soft Power" of the State
Adohounde Yaovi Sylvestre. Features of Political and Economic Reforms in the Republic of Benin under President Patrice Talon (2016-2021)
Аgоnnoude Bidoley Vianney Freddy. South Africa, USA, BRICS: Economic Cooperation and Political Confrontation on the International Stage
Sholkova M.A. Japan’s Official Development Assistance and Ensuring Sustainable Development of Asian Pacific Region
Poltavtseva O.N. Threats and Prospects of New Media in Foreign Policy of Modern States in Post-COVID-19 Period
Ebru Birinci. The Changing Role of Israel in the Russian Middle Eastern Policy
Sohrab Barya. Problems of Peaceful Settlement in Afghanistan: Russia's Policy in the Region
Zheng Yi. Energy Security – Price Competition Between Russia, USA and KSA
STUDENT SCIENCE
Stepankova D.S., Тarasochkina D.D. Historical and Theoretical Foundations of American Federalism and their Practical Implementation in the Context of the 2020 US Presidential Elections
Krasnov M.I., Burlakov P.D., Kozlenko M.V. Participation of Student Youth in the General Russian Vote on the Approval of Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation: Value Attitudes and Political Behavior
REFLECTIONS ON THE READ
Slyzovskiy D.E. President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev: Someone who Inspired Confidence? (Review of the Article by Ulker Mastaf Kyzy Mehdiyeva “The Image of a Political Leader in the Historical Context (on the Example of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev”)
THEORY, PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.001
M.A. ADAMOVA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of International relations, political science and world economics, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
R.A. KANDYBA Candidate of political sciences, associate professor of the department of International relations, political science and world economics, Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russia
A.V. MANKIEVA Candidate of political sciences, associate Professor legal support of the activities of the authorities North Caucasus Institute-branch, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk, Russia
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
The article discusses the evolution of approaches to the study of the phenomenon of migration. The definition and classification of migration are presented, and the main types are highlighted. A review of the works of foreign researchers that influenced the formation of the doctrine of population migration is given. The main trends in the study of migration processes are determined.
Key words: migration, international migration of population, migration factors, classification of migration, integration of migrants.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.002
N.M. VELIKAYA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of Science and Research, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dean of the Faculty of Sociology, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
O.P. NOVOZHENINA Senior researcher, Institute of Socio-Political Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
SOCIO-POLITICAL VALUES IN THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE OF RUSSIAN CITIZENS AS THE BASIS FOR THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MODERNIZATION OF THE COUNTRY
The article written on the results of the conducted sociological research, is based on the analysis of empirical data and is devoted to identifying the dominant political and ideological orientations that determine the process of socio-political modernization of modern Russian society. Special attention is paid to the ideas of Russians about the possible future of Russia in the political sphere.
It is shown that the modernization projects launched by the government and the political elite do not always meet the requirements of the Russian society, in which the high value of social justice is preserved.
Based on the analysis of dynamic data series, we conclude that there is a high level of continuity in ideological preferences, and that there is a value split in Russian society, which makes it difficult to develop a modernization scenario that would suit all social groups. Despite the relatively high potential for support for the current government, there is a well-articulated disagreement with the current political course in public opinion.
Key words: image of the future, modernization, social expectations, consolidation of society, socio-political identification.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.003
N.A. TYUKOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Executive Director Center for Socio-Political Projects and Communications, Associate Professor of the Department of Socio-Political Research and Technology, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
V.L. SHAPOVALOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Institute of History and Politics of the Moscow State Pedagogical University, Associate Professor of the Department of Comparative Political Science MGIMO University, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
MECHANISMS AND MOTIVATION FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE RUSSIAN PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNITY IN POLITICAL PROCESSES
The article examines the peculiarities of political participation of a socially significant professional group, teachers of Russian general education schools. The study was conducted in 2020-2021 on the territory of three federal subjects: the Sverdlovsk Region, the Stavropol Territory and the Tomsk Region. The research methods were focus groups and in-depth interviews. The study demonstrated a low potential for personal participation in political processes. For the majority of respondents, the activities related to politics are limited to official electoral practices, mainly voting at the polling station. Participation in political life outside of elections is extremely rare.
Key words: teachers, the pedagogical community, political participation, political processes, elections, political protest, political activism, political parties.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.004
М.А. ASTVATSATUROVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, China
YANG FULIN Vice-rector, Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, Harbin, China
PATRIOTIC ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM DISCOURSE OF MODERN COMMUNIST PARTIES: (LOCAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)
The article contains a comparative political analysis of the program ideas of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) and the Communist Party of China. Common determinants of pathogenesis, common ideological foundations, common functionality, as well as essential-functional differences of the parties are traced. As a unifying idea of the program discourse of both parties, patriotism in its broad socio-political and civic significance is highlighted. The authors examine the program and discursive understanding of patriotism in the charter documents of political parties, reveal the social-class, civil-political connotation of patriotism, which implies its interpretation as broad social justice, as the achievement of the interests of the working people, as the unity of the party and citizens.
Key words: comparative political analysis, party, communist parties, program discourse, patriotism of social-class, civil-political determination, social justice, national models of socialism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.005
M.A. ABRAMOVA Doctor of Sciences (Education), Leading Researcher, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Social and Legal Research, Institute of Philosophy and Law SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN THE EURASIAN SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE: JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH APPROACH
An urgent problem for modern Russia is to determine its place both in the global and in the civilizational socio-cultural space. The adequacy of understanding the situation, as well as the choice of effective development strategies, is largely determined by the level of reflection on the ongoing processes, which implies studying them not in a local dimension, but in dialectical connection with what is happening in other countries.
The article aims to substantiate the research position of choosing an approach to the study of the coherence of the processes of transformation of socio-cultural space (spaces). It is important to note that a significant drawback of macrosociological theories in the construction of prognostic scenarios is the insufficient consideration of the specifics of the content, cultural, historical and regional features that affect the formation of trends, as well as the conditionality of using qualitative and quantitative methods of process research in the argumentation of these data. This situation is partly due to the fact that the solution of each specific problem requires constant reflection by the researcher of his methodological position, since there is no support for integrative theory, which is still absent in the framework of macrosociology.
The article concludes that the sociocultural approach, which considers the formed cause-and-effect relationships of the transformational impact at different levels: societal, institutional, group, and personal, can serve as the unifying basis for the study of the processes of transformation of the socio-cultural space. It allows us to take into account the specific features and dynamics of the influence of various factors on the subjects of spaces (a), as well as reproducing the deductive inductive nature of connections, to apply emic-etic approaches traditionally used in ethnopsychology to study the processes and factors that determine the behavior of specific subjects of the community. Taking into account the contradictory and multi-level trends of the processes that transform both the internal and external socio-cultural space increases the prognostic capabilities of the developed scenarios for the development of communities.
Key words: sociocultural space, sociocultural approach, macrosciology, predictive scenarios, transformation of society, coherence of processes.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.006
A.I. MURAVYKH D.Sc. (economics), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
E.G. NIKITENKO Major General, Cand. Sc. (History), professor, Department of Public administration and National safety of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE DISCOUNTED ELITE OF THE CONSUMER SOCIETY
The article analyzes the evolution of the ruling elite of the consumer society. On the basis of the systemic-synergetic and cybernetic approaches, the general laws of the functioning and development of elites are considered. A critical analysis of the phenomenon of the transnational elite (globalists), neoliberal ideology, Western values and the idea of inclusive capitalism is carried out. The historical path of the elite of the consumer society testifies to its qualitative changes: from social significance to social insignificance and the prospect of liberal fascism.
Key words: consumer society, globalists, elites, network power, ideology, values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.007
А.D. NAZAROV Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Deputy Head of the Department for scientific work, Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia
ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF THE CURRENT STAGE OF SPACE EXPLORATION
The article contains an analysis of a new stage in the "space race" that is gaining momentum and becoming a global trend of modern world development. More than 120 countries of the world are involved in this process to some extent, in which eight to ten of the most developed countries are leading by a large margin. Like any new phenomenon in the exploration of outer space, generated by scientific and technological development, it carries new opportunities and features (in particular, the emerging dominance of private business in the interplanetary sphere, increased interest in the industrial development of asteroid and near-Earth space resources, an intense struggle for primacy in the development and settlement of the Moon or Mars, legal regulation of increasingly complex international relations, etc.), as well as unforeseen consequences, which still receive unjustifiably little attention. It should be noted that the importance of information and propaganda support for space activities among different segments of the population is underestimated and such work among schoolchildren and students is developing too slowly.
Key words: space, new lunar race, lunar project, information support for space exploration, ISS, Roscosmos Corporation, NASA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.008
A.YU. BUBNOV Candidate of philosophical sciences, docent, associate Professor of the Department of history and theory of politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
M.A. SAVELYEVA PhD student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN BELARUS AS A SPACE OF "MEMORIAL WARS" (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONLINE DISCUSSION ANALYSIS)
The article examines the memory of the Great Patriotic War in Belarus in the context of the "memorial wars". It is shown that the specificity of the Belarusian memorial wars is associated with the dual and incomplete nature of the Belarusian identity. The clash of two main historical discourses is demonstrated: Westernism and Neo-Sovietism. The research was carried out on the example of the analysis of online comments to documentaries of the opposition channel "BelSat". The stereotypical judgments of participants in online discussions allow us to identify several dominant narratives about war in the discussion: the role of the guerrilla movement, assessment of the 1939 pact, and attitudes towards collaborationism. The key narratives of the Belarusian identity are being revised, primarily the heroic role of the partisan movement on the territory of the BSSR. At the same time, the Belarusian-Soviet identity, based on the official narrative of the war, continues to be significant even among the opposition.
Key words: World War II, memory wars, memory of the war, Belarus, online commentaries, historical discourses.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.009
М.V. DOBRYNINA Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor at the Chair of economics, management and finance, Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia
ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO THE MOBILIZATION SCENARIO
Engineering education and engineering universities are considered as a component of the national security system of Russia. The main trends in the development of engineering education under the mobilization scenario are analyzed. The degree of effectiveness of the implementation of the mobilization scenario for the system of engineering education is estimated.
Key words: engineering education, national security, mobilization, reform, education policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.010
P.YA. FELDMAN Саndidate of political sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of philosophy and sociology, the Academy of labor and social relations, Moscow, Russia
S.A. FARNIEV Applicant for the Department of Political Theory, Moscow State International Relations (University), Moscow, Russia
S.I. MIRONOV Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF MANIPULATIVE POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE INFORMATION WAR (ON EXAMPLE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
The Article is an attempt to understand the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of manipulative political technologies on the" information front " of a hybrid war between key actors of global politics. The subject of the study is a set of media tools and communication stratagems used by Western countries to form a specific image of Russia in the public information space on the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors examine specific examples of false reports spread by European and American media about the situation with coronavirus in the Russian Federation and come to the conclusion that such "journalistic materials" fit into the framework of a large-scale and comprehensive information campaign, secretly encouraged by the political elites of the respective countries. This campaign uses 5 main manipulative tools: event-based "fake news"; quantitative and qualitative "fakes"; replication of materials in the style of "the government hides the truth"; biased coverage of real facts involving politically biased opinion leaders; establishing false cause-and-effect relationships between real events and phenomena. According to the authors, in the medium term, the main target for information attacks from Russia's geopolitical competitors will be the "Sputnik V" vaccine. To create a stable "population immunity" to "fake news", it is necessary to conduct systematic educational work, in which educational organizations, research and analytical centers, law enforcement agencies, state authorities and Federal mass media would act ahead of the curve.
Key words: information wars, manipulative technologies, political communication, mass media, COVID-19 pandemic, fake news, fake news.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.011
A.B. NIKUSHKIN Post-graduate, Department of History and Political Theory, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DIGITAL PLATFORMS AS THE COMMUNICATION CHANNEL AND THE PARTY POLITICS TOOL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The purpose of the study is to identify institutional risks and opportunities for political parties in the context of using digital platforms using the example of the German Pirate Party's LiquidFeedback, the five-star Rousseau platform in Italy and the Participia portal of the Spanish party Podemos.
The research methods are based on the comparative case study using the analysis of regulatory framework of Five Star Movement, Podemos and Pirate Party of Germany, as well as sources of their digital platforms, available for nonparticipant observation.
The results: Comparative criteria have been formulated to analyze the contribution of digital platforms to parties policy development. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, a conclusion was made about the prospects of their application within the framework of this political institution.
The theoretical implication of the study lies in applying the proposed criteria in the study of other digital parties or parties’ transformation.
Practical implication is the more efficient review of research studies and the application of these parties' experience in other parties' adaptation to political participation in the context of digital society.
Key words: E-participation, digital democracy, digital parties, pirate party, Pirate party Germany, Five Star Movement, Podemos.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.012
O.I. MAJIDOV Researcher at the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE POLICY OF BUILDING A CIVIL SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN
The article emphasizes that since the first years of its independence, Uzbekistan has chosen the path of building a democratic state and civil society based on the rule of law. It was noted that the current policy of civil society in Uzbekistan, aimed at optimizing the formation and development of social, political, legal, cultural, spiritual and economic foundations, is based on the rule of law and legal criteria inherent in a new stage of development. It was also noted that the activities of state and public organizations, based on the principles of transparency and accountability, honesty and fairness, are yielding practical results.
Key words: rule of law, justice, constitutional state, democracy, civil society, reform, human capital, human rights, social development, moral values, responsibility, social activity.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.013
U.S. SAVELEVA Russian Politics Department, Faculty of Political Science, PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CONSOLIDATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
The article is devoted to the challenges and prospects for the consolidation of Russian society and the determination of the features of the impact of the challenges and opportunities that accompany this process on Russian reality. The presented material allows us to conclude that the stake on the development of civil society, dialogue between society and the state are necessary alternatives to outdated technologies for consolidating society.
Key words: social consolidation, Russian society, paternalism, propaganda, civil society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.014
S.A. BAYKOV Postgraduate Student, Department of Political Science and Law, Moscow Regional State University, Moscow, Russia
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF THE POLITICAL ELITE AND SOCIETY IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL CONFRONTATION
The purpose of this article is to assess the current communication strategy of the Russian political elite and the population in the context of tense relations between Russia and the United States and the European Union. The tasks include identifying potential threats to the communication environment in Russia as a result of a confrontation with the US and the EU, determination of the specifics and features of the domestic strategy of feedback from the authorities and society. Сomparative analysis, content analysis and event analysis were used as research methods. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) the use of the traditional feedback format (television, print media, personal meetings, Direct Line) as a key one is not enough to control the political agenda and maintain a loyal attitude of the people towards the elite; 2) the use of local Internet resources as communication platforms at different levels of government (for example, “Active Citizen” in Moscow, “Dobrodel” in the Moscow Region, at (“Russian Public Initiative” at the federal level) is effective, but due to low audience coverage is unable to influence the federal agenda and respond to global internal challenges; 3) as recommendations, it is proposed to introduce domestic social networks (VKontakte, Odnoklassniki) into the current strategy of feedback from the elite with the people, since this will, on the one hand, solve the problem of low audience coverage from existing Internet resources, raise the standards of openness and transparency of communication, involve the younger generation and on the other hand, to avoid the risks of interference by foreign corporations due to the "domestic origin" of the listed social networks.
Key words: communication, political elite, social networks, Internet resources, political agenda.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.015
S.V. VENTSEL Analyst of the National Center for Information Counteraction to terrorism and extremism in the educational environment and the Internet, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE SPACE OF NEW MEDIA: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL NUANCES
The author actualizes the problems of widespread extremist trends in the digital environment of new media. Extremist movements on the Internet function through the interactive production of destructive content and the introduction of destructive narratives into the thinking of users using cognitive distortions. It is noted that there is a need for a comprehensive approach to countering extremist trends, which involves the formation of positive narratives and full-fledged platforms for their dissemination.
Key words: new media, extremism, political radicalization, Internet communications, network communities, mediatized worlds, convergent culture, hate speech.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.016
VU THI HUONG Graduate student, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Tula State University, Tula, Russia
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNS IN THE CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL PROCESS
The political Internet is an integral part of the modern information space. An important characteristic of global socially oriented electronic networks, which include information and communication resources of a political orientation, is their “focus on the promotion of certain ideas, emotional impact on citizens of the country and encouraging them to take political action, to develop public consent, accept and justify social political decisions in the context of multiple points of view in society”. The essence and purpose of the political Internet is the satisfaction of the political-informational and political-communication needs of the participants in the political process as a result of their interaction through special modern computer resources, software products and technologies. With the help of the Internet, it is possible to organize interaction with voters using services such as forums, chats, Internet conferences, e-mail, Internet voting, guest books. Thus, the Internet also performs a communication function during election campaigns.
Key words: technology, internet technologies, electoral campaign, electoral technologies, elections, digital polling stations, electronic voting.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.017
О.N. BASOV PhD Student, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
INSTRUMENTS OF ELITE STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER IN BUREAUCRATIC SYSTEMS WITH THE USE OF MEDIA
The political elite throughout the history of states determines the course of political processes. However, the strategies of the elite struggle for political power have long remained outside the field of attention of modern science. Since the time of Nicolo Machiavelli, who conducted the most comprehensive analysis of such strategies, the role of the mass communication in society has grown significantly. The aim of the research is to analyze the structure of the most common instruments of the elite struggle for political power with the use of media. The author is testing his own methodology for studying the structure of political strategies and actions - an instrumental approach. On the basis of various cases from this area, the most common tools are highlighted. Among them: publication of information compromising a political opponent; indirect criticism of a political opponent in the media; disclosure of a data source containing defamatory information about an opponent among other "big names"; creation of controlled media to promote the required agenda; disruption of decision-making through its early coverage; the use of linguistic and other methods of covering activities that create positive or negative associations with the actor. The goals, acting and target actors within the framework of the application of each instrument, the mechanism for achieving the goal with the help of the instrument are described. Possible variations and modifications of basic tools are given.
Key words: theory of elites, theory of bureaucracy, instrumental approach, intra-elite struggle.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.018
A.A. MASUEV Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
M.YU. MENDRITZKI Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTIVE MECHANISMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR COUNTERING POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
The article attempts to develop a set of measures aimed at countering political extremism in the Internet. To solve this problem, the author proposes to implement a two-component model. The first block of the model for countering political extremism in the information environment includes a set of measures aimed at diagnosing the manifestations of this socially dangerous activity; establishing the causes, consequences and conditions for its implementation; identifying channels of communication between extremist organizations and their target audiences, etc. The second block involves carrying out preventive work among the groups most exposed to the negative influence of political extremists and their ideas. Within the framework of this direction, educational work should be carried out in educational organizations; patriotic education of the younger generation; dialogue with public organizations, parties and religious movements; updating the regulatory framework and improving law enforcement practices in the field of countering political extremism.
However, in order to form a stable and self-replicating system of measures to counter extremism, it is necessary to establish a balance in the relations between the various political institutions. Along with restrictions and repressive measures, meaningful efforts of the authorities are required to form channels of communication with society. Finally, it seems necessary to reduce the emotional intensity of the materials of popular mass media, which often demoralize and radicalize the audience with their shocking statements and aggressive presentation of the material. A combination of reasonable restrictive measures, strict and unavoidable legal sanctions, educational work, monitoring and careful moderation of network resources can allow us to very effectively combat political extremism on the Internet.
Key words: political extremism, political communication, countering extremism, social networks, political conflicts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.019
S.S. SANCHAT Postgraduate, Department of State and Municipal Administration, Siberian Institute of Management – Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
RESEARCH OF REGIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN MODERN RUSSIA: ACTUALITY AND PROSPECTS
The article considers the approaches to explaining the essence of the phenomena of the system, political system, the main approaches to the research of regional political systems in the Russian literature, the characteristic features of Russian regional research of the period 1990-1999, the content of Russian regional research of the period since 2000, the problematic positions in these research, including the identification of the concepts of political system and political regime, and the unification of the institutional design of regional political systems by federal law. The possible reason for leveling the importance of regional political systems in modern regional research is analyzed. As a result of the conducted analysis, it is established that today the institutional approach to the study of the political system is predominant in the Russian literature, which defines and distinguishes the institutions that form the political system of society, analyzes its structural elements. It is noted that when unifying the institutional component of regional political systems, researchers are now looking at the regional political regime rather than the regional political system. Based on the analysis, the author determines the importance of studying the political systems of the regions based not only on the institutional approach, but also on other approaches available in scientific practice.
Key words: Russia, political system, region, subject of the federation, political analysis.
POLITICAL CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.020
G.I. ISMOILOVA Teacher, Karshi state university, Karshi, Republic of Uzbekistan
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC REFORMS FOR SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
The article is devoted to the study of the spiritual and moral formation of the personality and the influence of economic reforms on this process. The article reveals the relationship between the economy and human spirituality. The nature of spirituality and morality as a social phenomenon is analyzed.
Key words: economic reforms, the spiritual image of the individual, the impact of economic reforms on the spiritual image of the individual, the change in the convictions of the individual, the change in the values and needs of the individual.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.021
K.A. PILYAGIN Post-graduate student of the North-Western Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, St. Petersburg, Russia
ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF POLITICAL MECHANISMS FOR FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CULTURAL POLICY
Introduction. Culture is a key factor in state development, which contributes to the provision of such important criteria for state activities as sovereignty, economic prosperity and identity. In 2014, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy" began to operate, which set the strategic goals and objectives of the country in the field of formation and implementation of cultural policy. The presence of a number of problems in the socio-cultural sphere necessitates a deeper consideration and study of the mechanisms of cultural policy. Purpose. Analysis of the essence and content of political mechanisms for the formation and implementation of the cultural policy of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The following methods were used for the study: content analysis, literature review, classification, comparative analysis, systematic approach, formalization, hypothetical-deductive method. The materials used were actual online sources, literary sources and regulatory legal acts devoted to issues of cultural state policy. Findings. The mechanism for the formation and implementation of the state cultural policy is determined by the human model existing in a particular society. The combined use of neo-humanistic and simultaneous approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy is dictated by the purpose of cultural policy; it seems to be a global and universal phenomenon that underlies national security. In accordance with this, the activities of the subjects of cultural policy should be realized through neo-humanism and "vitality", which will contribute to the formation of a neo-humanistic personality.
Key words: cultural policy, state, society, political mechanisms, neo-humanistic personality.
POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.022
N.A. VORONINA Candidate of Sciences (law), Senior researcher at the Sector of Human Rights, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
МIGRANTS IN MOSCOW: CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND FACETS OF ETHNOPOLITICS
The article is devoted to problems of modern international migration in the context of Moscow city. Migration is seen as an important element of socio-economic, demographical and cultural life of the city, as the essential element of development of the region. The study analyzes the main determinants of migration, creation of new inner metropolis centers of attraction, realizing the potential of new territories, types of migration flows and characteristics of migrants. Effects and consequences of migration processes for urban economy and the role of migration in population formation of Moscow are identified. The article reviews the level of tolerance of Moscovites towards migrants and the problem of integration of ethnic migrants into urban society.
Key words: migration, labour migrants, Moscow population, workplaces, development of territories, urban planning, interethnic relations, adaptation and integration of migrants.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.023
S.K. ZHETPYSBAEV Ph.D. In Economics, associated Professor, Department of Management and Political Science, PSU named after S.M. Toraigyrov, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
ETHNOPOLITICS OF KAZAKHSTAN: TOWARDS UNITY THROUGH DIVERSITY
The article gives an analysis of the main principles of national policy, stages of development of state ethnopolitics are presented. The work shows the essence of the national question, national interests and national relations in the implementation of state national policy. Based on the analysis of more than twenty-five years of formation and development of an independent democratic state, the goal was to reveal the role of the Assembly of Kazakhstan people in implementing state ethnopolitics, strengthening the stability of civil society, peace, harmony and unity of the Kazakhstan people. It is analyzed the significance of the ethnopolitics of the state, in the formation of a unique nationwide institution of interethnic harmony – the Assembly of the Kazakhstan People, which had no analogues in world practice.
The article is devoted to the characteristics of the formation of the national model in the context of implementing the industrial and innovation policy of the republic in the conditions of active development of civil society and modernization of the political and economic system of the state.
The article reflects the personality of the Head of State N.A. Nazarbayev and it analyzes modern Kazakhstan's history of nation building, which allows to investigate the interconnection and interdependence of the whole range of driving forces of internal political processes, analyze the activity of the First President of the country in ensuring balanced development of Kazakhstan in the context of the growing unevenness of the world historical process. Based on the analysis of the post-Soviet period, Kazakhstan's path is revealed – a model of inter-ethnic and inter-confessional development aimed at strengthening peace, harmony and consolidation of civil society. The materials of the article highlight the peculiarity of the Kazakhstan model of interethnic tolerance and social consensus of the Nation Leader N.A. Nazarbayev, which became the brand of Kazakhstan, the moral imperative of Kazakhstan's policy, the methodology of ensuring stability and strengthening national unity.
Key words: nation, state, ethnos, culture, people, language, national policy, interethnic relations, national interests, sovereignty, independence, stability.
POLITICAL CONFLICTOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.024
A.A. TUSHKOV Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and Law at Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
A.I. DANILOVA Bachelor of International Relations and Law Department, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
THE ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT POTENTIAL OF MODERN CHINA
In this article the authors describe one of the topical issues which is the analysis of ethnopolitical conflict potential of modern China. As a result of the CPC’s prudent foreign and domestic policy, the country is influenced by huge political changes that can bring about key reforms and significantly impact on the establishment of the new world order. Under these circumstances the PRC experiences issues related to ethnopolitical conflicts. In addition, such problems characterize home-policy development of the country. Conflicts in Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region, Tibetan Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region etc. are strong examples of the rise of China’s conflict potential which is based on religious, ethnic, political and territorial tensions. This range of problems is the subject of the research conducted in this article.
Key words: People’s Republic of China, Sinocentrism, conflict in Xinjiang, Tibetan Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hong Kong.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.025
ALJARWAN MOHD KHIER JARWAN PhD (Political science), Moscow, Russia
CONFLICT RELATIONS OF IRAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SYRIAN CRISIS (CASE STUDY OF ISRAEL)
One of the strategic changes in Iran's foreign policy towards the Middle East is the transition of the Iranian-Israeli conflict from the Palestinian issue to the Syrian crisis. Prior to the Arab Spring, the conflict focused on the nuclear program and the Palestinian issue and its aspects. As a result of Iran's active participation in the Syrian crisis and the provision of various forms of military support to them, the Iranian-Israeli conflict has been transformed. Tracing events, we find that the conflict between Iran and Israel has developed in accordance with the changing situation on the Syrian scene.
Key words: Iran, Israel, Syrian Crisis, Iran-Israel Conflict.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, FOREIGN AND WORLD POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.026
A.A. TUSHKOV Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
U.V. FEDORENKO PhD student in the Department of International Relations and Law, Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia
CHINA'S PERIPHERAL DIPLOMACY AS A BASIS OF “COMMUNITY OF COMMON DESTINY” CONCEPT
In this article the authors study different aspects of the concept of "community of common destiny" proposed by China's political leader Xi Jinping as a common idea of creating a new type of international relations. According to the authors, this initiative has not gone beyond the attention of the international expert community or politicians, which is known as "peripheral diplomacy" of China. But the main thing is that the concept proposed by Xi Jinping has been confirmed in the development of various multilateral initiatives of continental scale and has served to form diplomacy based on the deep traditions and history of China.
Key words: concept of "Community of common destiny", China, Xi Jinping, "free and open Indo-Pacific" strategy, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.027
V.F. PRYAHIN Doctor of Political Science, Professor, International Relations Dept., RSHU; Professor, Diplomacy Dept., MGIMO-University, Moscow, Russia
ON THE PRINCIPAL AND TACTICAL DIFFERENCES IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLICAN AND DEMAMOOKRATIC ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE USA
With the approach of the "Hundred Days" of the new US administration, the common features and differences in the foreign policy attitudes of the D. Trump and J. Biden’ teams are becoming more and more obvious ones. Comparing these attitudes and the practical steps of both administrations, the author of the article presented concludes that the "Byzantine games" of the Democrats may turn out to be more dangerous for Russia than Trump's straightforward power strategy, inclined to isolationism. In this context, the only rational alternative to both forceful pressure and the "Byzantine games" can only be a constructive dialogue aimed at the maintenance of the global strategic stability.
Key words: USA, Russia, China, foreign policy, information war, human rights, strategic stability, information war, color revolution, dialogue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.028
O.A. KHLOPOV PhD in Political Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Regional Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
TURKEY'S ENERGY SECURITY PROBLEMS
The article analyzes the problem of Turkey's energy security and the role of gas pipeline projects and their impact on Turkey's foreign policy. The growing consumption of natural gas in the world as a source of energy has made Turkey a strategically important partner in the world. Turkey plays a key role within the strategic Turkish Stream gas corridor. The author reveals the interests of Turkey in cooperation with Russia, the position taken by Turkey in relation to natural gas and energy security, examines Turkey's role as a transit country, in addition to its own growing domestic energy market, and uses the latest data on the geopolitics of the various pipelines that pass through Turkey. It was concluded that Turkey is becoming an energy center within the framework of its regional energy strategy, which is aimed to increase its status and influence in the world by expanding strategic cooperation in the field of energy with the EU, Russia and with neighboring countries.
Key words: energy security, foreign policy, hydrocarbon resources, geopolitics, Turkey, EU, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.029
M.E. RODIONOVA PR & GR Director of Celebrium Labs, Candidate of Social Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.A. NAZAROVA Deputy Director for Personnel, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Financial University of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
V.G. GIMALIEV Doctor or Philosophy, Associate Professor of Departament of foreign languages N2, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
CURRENT TRENDS IN ELECTORAL PROCESSES IN THE EU COUNTRIES
The material considers such modern trends in the electoral processes of the European Union countries as migration, environmental and investment issues, gender policy as one of the key ones. The influence of Joseph Biden's coming to power in the USA is touched upon, an assessment of the competitive conditions of electoral processes in France, Germany, Italy, Poland and a number of other European countries is given.
Key words: electoral processes, EU, current trends, populism, migration, ecology.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.030
E.E. КОCHETKOV Candidate of Sciences (political sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of History of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FEDERALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF SOME ARAB COUNTRIES
The article examines the features of the formation and evolution of the territorial and political structure of the Arab states located in the Middle East and North Africa. The author demonstrates the features of the influence of the pre-colonial and colonial past of the Arab countries on the modern system of relations "Center – regions". Based on the study of the attempts of Saudi Arabia and Egypt to introduce elements of federalism into their political and legal practice, the author concluded that the regionalization and federalization of these states are aimed rather at solving tactical and competitive problems.
The formation and development of federalism is experiencing significant difficulties in this region due to the gravitation of these countries to authoritarian rule and the initial negative attitude towards the idea of federalism.
Key words: federalism, asymmetric federalism, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, regionalization, decentralization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.031
A.V. MOISEEV Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. of Economic Sciences Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO REDUCE GLOBAL NUCLEAR THREATS: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE
The current international mechanisms do not fully meet the global nuclear challenges. Globalization processes have led to the fact that a scattered world with nuclear weapons and nuclear technologies has transformed into a qualitatively new geopolitical phenomenon – the "nuclear world", which has significantly changed the picture of global nuclear threats. Against the background of an increase in the intensity of crises in the world, the problem of finding new mechanisms of international cooperation that can reduce the level of global nuclear threats and ensure peaceful coexistence of humankind has become acute.
Key words: UN, NPT, nuclear weapons, international cooperation in the nuclear sphere, nuclear world, nuclear security, global nuclear threats.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.032
D.A. AVAKYAN Candidate of political sciences, senior lecturer of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
K.M. TROFIMOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of philosophy and sociology, Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONFLICT AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LABOR RELATIONS IN THE UK
The article analyzes the regulation of labor relations and housing policy, and the resulting socio-political and economic relations between the state and workers in Great Britain in the XIX-XX centuries. The purpose of this article is to highlight the main stages in the development of factory legislation and in the formation of the working class as a political institution in England of the XIX-XX centuries. A detailed periodization of the process of forming labor relations in England of the XIX-XX centuries is also presented, which allows us to identify and determine the main stages of the development of this phenomenon.
Key words: Industrial revolution, Great Britain, working class, socio-political conflict, labor law, labor relations, housing issue.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.033
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
A.R. MENAJDINOVA Master’s Degree student, RANEPA, Moscow, Russia
SPECIFICS OF REGULATION OF IMMIGRATION POLICY IN GERMANY AS A CONDITION OF POLITICAL STABILITY
One of the important aspects of the development of modern society has become a significant increase in immigration flows, which are becoming more and more regions and countries, and which, at the same time, have a significant impact not only on the processes of globalization, but also on regional integration. This leads to the need for the development of immigration policies by States, as well as measures of a collective and national nature in the field of asylum and border protection. One of the highest priority areas of immigration flows today is the European Union (EU), especially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), which is considered a classic immigration country and for this reason accepts a significant number of immigrants compared to other countries in Western Europe. This is what determines the nature of the implementation of Germany's immigration policy. The problem of integrating a large number of migrants into German society is a destabilizing factor in the political system and leads to an increase in the popularity of right-wing political parties.
Key words: immigration, migration policy, integration, political parties, political stability, Germany.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.034
O.V. SEMENOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Moscow, Russia
MUSICAL AND INFORMATIONAL SPACE OF THE MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF THE "SOFT POWER" OF THE STATE
The article examines the musical content of the global multicultural environment from the standpoint of an informational approach. The role of music in the political life of the state and in international relations in different periods of history has been investigated. Shows its educational, linguistic, communicative, protective and system-forming role. The perception of sound content through the sensory-emotional sphere characterizes it as a special technology of communication interaction. A significant role in using the rich potential of musical art is assigned both to the art sphere itself and to the system of additional and professional education as factors of "soft power".
Key words: soft power, culture, art, music, education, politics, intercultural communication, audio information.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.035
ADOHOUNDE YAOVI SYLVESTRE Assistant, department of foreign languages, faculty of humanities and social sciences RUDN; Post-graduate student of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Cotonou, Benin
FEATURES OF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC REFORMS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BENIN UNDER PRESIDENT PATRICE TALON (2016-2021)
The article is devoted to political and economic reforms in the Republic of Benin under President Patrice Talon. It starts with economic reforms to improve the business climate in the Republic of Benin and ends with the specifics of political reforms. The reforms in general cause discontent among the opposition, which is why the article talks about the importance of establishing a national dialogue.
Key words: political reforms, economic reforms, Republic of Benin, national dialogue, structural transformation, private sector.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.036
АGОNNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY Assistant of the Department of Political Analysis and Management of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Cotonou, Republic of Benin
SOUTH AFRICA, USA, BRICS: ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND POLITICAL CONFRONTATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE
The article examines the relations of the Republic of South Africa with the United States of America through the prism of economic cooperation in the conditions of political confrontation on the world stage. The author makes an assumption that despite the obvious signs of political confrontation on certain issues of the international agenda, South Africa is dynamically developing its economic cooperation with the United States, which illustrates the multi-vector nature of Pretoria's foreign policy.
Key words: South Africa, the United States, the UN Security Council, BRICS.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.037
M.A. SHOLKOVA Post-graduate student of the Diplomatic Academy, third secretary of the Third department of CIS countries MFA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
JAPAN’S OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ASIAN PACIFIC REGION
The author examines Japan’s official development assistance through the prism of the UN sustainable development goals. According to the analysis, Japan focuses its support mainly on the Asian-Pacific region.
Key words: Japan’s official development assistance, sustainable development of Asian Pacific region, UN sustainable development goals, official development assistance, Japan, APR.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.038
O.N. POLTAVTSEVA Postgraduate student, Faculty of Political Science Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THREATS AND PROSPECTS OF NEW MEDIA IN FOREIGN POLICY OF MODERN STATES IN POST-COVID-19 PERIOD
This article aims to explain the potential for the COVID‐19 pandemic to impact on international relations and the foreign policies of modern states. Since the beginning of the coronavirus crisis, The WTO, the UN General Assembly, governments and Ministries of foreign affairs were out of session. While physical diplomacy was under quarantine, governments, politicians have launched new media campaigns that feature their coronavirus-related activities. The new media have become as an effective tool of foreign policy in modern states. The findings reveal, the COVID‐19 pandemic is often described as a “crisis”, from a political perspective, is exacerbating real or perceived threats of media space.
Key words: COVID-19, crisis, foreign policy, Italy, immigration, new media, populism, Twitter, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.039
EBRU BIRINCI PhD Student, Department of Comparative Politics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE CHANGING ROLE OF ISRAEL IN THE RUSSIAN MIDDLE EASTERN POLICY
This paper discusses Israel's changing role in the Russian Middle Eastern policy during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Israel has occupied a peculiar place in Russian foreign policy, including the Soviet period. The Soviet-Israeli relations were firmly subordinated to the Soviet-Western competition and were hostile given that Israel was an ally of the Capitalist Bloc. The Soviet relations with regional Arab countries created more antagonism between the USSR and Israel, which eventually restricted Soviet influence in the Middle East. The Russian Federation, abandoning the ideological foreign policy of the USSR, re-established diplomatic relations and developed stable relations in the social, political, and economic levels with Israel. Despite the changing nature of Russian-Israeli relations, Israel's affinity to the West, notably the US, has remained critical for the Russian Middle Eastern policy and maintaining its influence in the region. Since the Russian operation in Syria in 2015, its leverage increased not only in Syria but also in Israel, within the context of decreasing American interest in the region. It will be concluded that although Israel's image as a Western ally has not changed in Russia since the Cold War, it has not worsened the Russian-Israeli relations like during the Cold War; on the contrary, Israel has become an important vector of Russian multilateral policy in the Middle East.
Key words: Russian Middle Eastern Policy, Israel, the Middle East, Russia, the USSR, the West.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.040
SOHRAB BARYA PhD student, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN: RUSSIA'S POLICY IN THE REGION
The article examines Russia's current policy in Afghanistan, taking into account the strategic, historical and geopolitical features of the region and the country's interests. The growing importance of Russia as a guarantor of the negotiation process between all the warring actors, a wide range of political parties and armed groups inside Afghanistan, including the Taliban movement, has been proved.
Russia has proposed the "Moscow Format" of interaction between regional powers, which is designed to develop a consensus on the settlement of the conflict. One of the key goals of Russia is to strengthen the strategic position in the region, protect the southern borders and withdraw the US army from the country. The main geopolitical tracks that Russia will develop and promote to stabilize the situation in South and Central Asia are highlighted.
Key words: Afghanistan, Russia's policy in Afghanistan, "Taliban", stability, regional security, civil war.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.041
ZHENG YI Doctoral candidate of the Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ENERGY SECURITY – PRICE COMPETITION BETWEEN RUSSIA, USA AND KSA
On April 9, 2020, with the direct diplomatic mediation of D. Trump, an agreement was successfully reached, which became a key event in maintaining global energy security, which was threatened by two forces: a collapse in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the oil war between Russia and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , which together plunged the oil market into crisis. A multinational coalition dedicated to a significant reduction in world oil production was implemented under the new agreement: countries pledged to keep oil production rates within 9.7 million barrels of oil per day. From July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, the total agreed adjustment will be 8.0 MB / d. This will be followed by an adjustment of 6.0 mb / d for a period of 16 months, from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022. The agreement will be valid until April 30, 2022, but its extension will be considered in December 2021. The agreement, designed to solve the problem of growing oil surplus, today represents the only hope for stabilizing the situation on the international energy market, however, there are many latent aspects of it, testifying to new threats to world energy security that may come from Saudi Arabia.
The combined pressure from the new “peak demand” scenario, along with the weakening of the influence of OPEC due to the commercial orientation of national oil companies, will essentially destroy everything that remains of the “structure” of the oil market and will mark the beginning of a new oil era.
Key words: KSA, USA, Russia, oil war, COVID-2019, energy crisis, oil.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.042
M.I. KRASNOV Master of the Faculty of Economics, Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov (Tula branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics), Tula, Russia
P.D. BURLAKOV Bachelor of Political Science Faculty, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
M.V. KOZLENKO Bachelor of Applied Political Science, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
PARTICIPATION OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE GENERAL RUSSIAN VOTE ON THE APPROVAL OF AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: VALUE ATTITUDES AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
The article presents data from a study of the perception of the "General Russian vote on the issue of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation" among young people. Many attempts have been made in this work to determine the value attitudes, hypotheses, reasons and factors of the electoral behavior of young people during the vote amending the Constitution in 2020. The process of forming value attitudes and their influence on electoral behavior was investigated. A comparative analysis of the attitudes of young people and the semantic content of the proposed amendments are carried out. Moreover, the factors of choosing a strategy of political behavior by student youth were determined and the socio-political consequences of constitutional changes were predicted. In the course of the study, 3 in-depth interviews (only students participated in a focus group) and a public opinion survey were conducted using the methodology of a standardized software online survey with a sample of 500 respondents with representativeness by gender and region of residence.
Key words: socio-political moods, electoral behavior, student youth, values.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.043
D.S. STEPANKOVA Bachelor's degree student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.D. ТARASOCHKINA Bachelor's degree student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN FEDERALISM AND THEIR PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 2020 US PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
The United States is one of the first modern states to seriously approach the development of a federal structure, both at a theoretical and practical level. This article reveals the implementation of the fundamental principles of American federalism in the US presidential elections in 2020, based on the significant political and theoretical work – "Federalist" A. Hamilton and J. Madison. The purpose of this work is to analyze the historical and theoretical foundations of federal relations and their practical implementation for the US presidential elections in 2020. In the course of the work, the following tasks were completed: identification of the historical, institutional and social factors of the existence of the federation in the United States; the definition of federalism is given; revealed the historical and theoretical principles of American federalism in the work "Federalist"; the practical implementation of the fundamental foundations of the American Federation in the 2020 presidential elections is considered. The authors used the following research methods – analysis, synthesis, deduction method, formal-logical method, for private consideration of individual aspects of the topic we touched upon, the historical and formal-legal method were applicable, for the analysis of the electoral process in different states, the comparative method was widely used. Having completed the tasks assigned to us, we received the following result – we examined the practical implementation of the historical and theoretical principles of American federalism for the 2020 US presidential elections. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were made: the ongoing changes in the size, ethnic and religious composition of the population of the states had a serious impact on the electoral behavior of specific states in the 2020 presidential elections. And it was the balance of political preferences of different states that played a decisive role, not just the total number of votes cast for the Democratic candidate.
Key words: american federalism, USA, elections, president, principles of federalism, D. Trump, J. Biden, voting, states, electors.
REFLECTIONS ON THE READ
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.67.3.044
D.E. SLYZOVSKIY Doctor of Sciences (history), Professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Moscow, Russia
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN ILHAM ALIYEV: SOMEONE WHO INSPIRED CONFIDENCE?
(Review of the article by Ulker Mastaf kyzy Mehdiyeva “The Image of a Political Leader in the Historical Context (on the example of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev»)
The review article critically analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the current problem of political leadership in political science. The author of the review emphasizes the originality of approach taken by Ulker Mastaf kyza Mehdieva's and even of the title of the stated research topic “The image of a political leader in the context of history (on the example of President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev”), as well as the scientific significance of this kind of research for the post-Soviet political space.
Key words: image of a political leader, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, the Karabakh conflict, historical context.