№ 5 (81), 2022
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 5 (81), 2022
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Skiperskikh A.V. Policy as a Game: Russian Projection
Kamaletdinova D.R. Political Islam: Problems of Definitions
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Osin R.S. Projects of the Image of the Future in the Light of the Ideological Guidelines of Marxist Thought in the USSR at the Turn of the 1940s-1950s.
Zurnadjian G.S. Spiritual and Political Doctrine of Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) in Modern Historiography
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Kadysheva K.V. Social Networks as a Tool for Forming the Image of the Head of the Region (on the Example of the Heads of Regions of the Volga Federal District)
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Magadiev M.F. Information Security and Digital Signature in the Electronic Government System Russian Federation
Brega A.A. Creation and Dissemination of Frames as a Way of Legitimizing Power Decisions
Budarin Ya.S. Foresight of Digital Transformation in the Legislature or "Smart Parliament of the Russian Federation"
Dilmukhametova A.A. Improving Information Support for the Activities of Executive Authorities for the Development of a Network of Educational Institutions
Kulikova D.V. Anti-Corruption as a Tool of Political Fight in the Republic of Korea
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Ravochkin N.N. Political Management Practices Transformation in Digitalization Realities (Part 3)
Khlopov O.A. Digital Technologies as a Driving Force for Ensuring Energy Security
Goncharova D.A. Digital Dimention of National Security
Mironova S.A. Some Features of the Legal Regulation of Lobbying Activities of the Oil and Gas Business in the Russian Federation
Hazeli Reza. Labor Immigration and the Possibility of its Regulation Under Sanctions
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Vankovska B. The Macedonian Chairmenship with OSCE 2023: Dark Clouds Looming on the Horizon
Bolshakov A.G. Settlement of Territorial Conflicts in Central Asia: Positive Practices and Case Kyrgyz-Tajik Confrontation
Vozzhenikov A.V., Tsybakov D.L. Formation of the CSTO Collective Security System in a Multipolar World
Dubrovina O.V., Dubrovina O.Yu., Plotnikov V.S. Regions of States Eurasian Economic Union as a Tool for Expanding the Borders Of Integration
Kuleshova N.S., Hao Lun. Western Economic Sanctions and Russia's "Long-Term" Response after the Crimean Crisis
Ba Alawi Murad Mohammed. New Transition Period in Yemen: Main Scenario of Development of Events
Dmitrievа N.I., Dong Zichao. Sovereignty of Cyberspace as National Sovereignty
Maystat M.A., Dennis Gitau Mwangi. Mechanisms for Increasing Women's Political Participation in East African Countries
Mirzazhanov R.H. Russia and International Organizations in the Fight Against the Global Threats of Extremism and Terrorism
Rakhimov K.H., Lushina A.A., Kholov S.H. Cooperation of the SCO Countries with the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on the Settlement of the Afghan Issue: Before and After the US Withdrawal
Shanchenko E.P. UN Peacekeeping Operations in the Context of the Theory of Just War
Wang Yang. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Field of Innovation in the Scientific and Educational Environment
Kazaryan S.A. Political Aspects of the American Model of Corporate Social Responsibility of Transnational Corporations
Krivosheeva N.I., Podurueva-Miloevich V.Yu. Democratic Resources of the Modern Public Sphere: from Social Networks to Muck-Racking
Sui Tao. Assessment of the Development of China-US Relations Based on the Policy Analysis of Trump And Biden
Tang Cuizhu. Prospects for Deepening Military-Strategic Cooperation Between China and Russia: Main Scenarios
Strasburger M.L. History of Studying the Political Participation of the Russian-Speaking Diaspora in the USA in the Period of Three Waves of Emigration
Yue Ruishuang. On Maintaining Strategic Stability in Sino-US Relations
Yazan Hearbake. Chinese Investment in Africa as a Component of Geoeconomic Strategies
Sui Tao, Voronin V.A. China-U.S. Relations (an Analysis of the Actions of the Trump and Biden Administrations in their Strategic Rivalry with China)
Zhao Lu, Guo Wei. Modern Chinese-American and Russian-American Strategic Competition and the Transformation of the International Order
Alekseenko Yu.A. Evolution of the Antarctic Treaty System
Mironov K.A. The Analysis of Features of Nationalist Parties in the European Union
Dong Zichao. Political Problems of International Relations, Global and Regional Development
Musieva D.M. A New Round of Tension Between Russia and the USA
STUDENT SCIENCE
Li Jingying. Confrontation Between China and Russia and America under Sanctions
Gustyr A.A. The Evolution of Russian Soft Power in the 2008-2013 Period
Protsenko A.L. The Role of Propaganda in Totalitarianism
Tarasochkina D.D. Comparative Analysis of the Results of the Competition Leaders of Russia from 2017 to 2020
Korolkov K.A., Shvyrkov V.S. Governance of Islamic Emirate Afghanistan in Socio-Cultural Sphere
Кomarov K.S. AUKUS: the Outlook of Trilateral Partnership
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.001
A.V. SKIPERSKIKH Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of Philosophy and Social Science Department, Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russia
POLICY AS A GAME: RUSSIAN PROJECTION
The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between politics and the game. The game is a specific technology of legitimation of political actors.
The author sets the task of studying the evolution of Russian politics in the context of spectacle production. To solve this problem, the author uses the historical method. The game permeates all power structures, affecting the images of all branches of the Russian government. The author believes that the production of a spectacle becomes an important condition for the political life of specific politicians. The creation of attractive scenery for political action eventually turns into a certain technology of political legitimation. This problem is solved with the help of specific cases, which the researcher addresses within the framework of the case-study method.
The author considers the game character of politics becomes a way of distracting society from real problems. The request for a spectacular component is only increasing. This places additional demands on politicians, who are increasingly flirting with voters, involving them in the game. The government is beginning to dominate the sphere of the game, covering more and more public spaces with it. As a result, the production of the game becomes a kind of simulator with which politicians try to manage public sentiment on the ground. At the same time, politics is simulated by insignificant, local actions carried out in the populist interests of specific actors. The real benefits of such actions seem rather doubtful, if we do not take into account the withdrawal of society from a stressful state.
Key words: power, game, legitimation, society, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.002
D.R. KAMALETDINOVA Postgraduate student of faculty of global studies, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL ISLAM: PROBLEMS OF DEFINITIONS
The phenomenon of political Islam, which appeared within the framework of the Islamic revival at the beginning of the 20th century, did not immediately attract the attention of the scientific community. That has happened because islamism was associated with the all-inclusiveness of Islam, that unites all the spheres: religious, political and socio-economic one. At the same time, the acceleration of globalization processes, accompanied by a general unification of values and culture, as well as by the pressure on the Muslim ummah, led to a political mobilization under Islamic religious slogans in different parts of the world. Attempts to comprehend the beginning of the Islamic revival by scientific community did not lead to the emergence of a single, monolithic approach to the definition of a new phenomenon, that in turn, led to the impossibility of developing universal ways of interacting with it. In this regard, the author of the article attempts to analyze political Islam in the Western-centric discourse. The first part of the article discusses the use of various terms to characterize the phenomenon of Islamism in the period from the 18th to the 20th century. The second part of the article is devoted to changes in the interpretation of political Islam after the tragic events of September 11, 2001. At the end of the article, it was concluded that, due to the lack of homogeneity of the phenomenon under consideration, the expansion of the terminological apparatus and the semantic field of the concept of political Islam occurred in accordance with changes within the Arab world and the global context in general.
Key words: political Islam, jihadism, takfirism, fundamentalism, Islamofascism.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.003
R.S. OSIN Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Departments of Fundamental Legal and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines Synergy University, Moscow, Russia
PROJECTS OF THE IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN THE LIGHT OF THE IDEOLOGICAL GUIDELINES OF MARXIST THOUGHT IN THE USSR AT THE TURN OF THE 1940S-1950S.
Ideological guidelines for building an image of the future are extremely relevant for modern Russian society in the context of new foreign and domestic political challenges. In this regard, it seems productive to turn to the ideological projects of the image of the future in the Soviet past.
The purpose of the article is to consider various approaches in the framework of discussions among the leading ideologists of the USSR at the turn of the 1940s-1950s. In those years, after recovering from the devastation of the war, the political leadership of the Soviet state was able to return to the strategic issues of the theory of the transformation of Soviet society from socialist to communist and put many questions of theory in the practical plane. When writing the work, both the general philosophical method of materialistic dialectics and a number of specific scientific methods were used: content analysis, comparative, historical, etc. The basis of the methodology of the article is a materialistic understanding of history.
As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that, despite the external commitment to Marxism, the Soviet ideological elite was not completely monolithic. During the discussion, different approaches and points of view on the process of formation of the communist formation were viewed. Soviet ideological workers tried to combine the realism of achievable goals with the proclamation of the imminent approach of communist society. If at I.V. According to Stalin, these approaches were strictly limited by the political and ideological realities of that time, then in the future many of the ideas voiced at closed meetings in the late 1940s were reflected in the party documents of the CPSU and became widely used in agitation and propaganda.
Key words: communism, socialism, alienation, social division of labor, commodity-money relations, working day, classes, socialization, property.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.004
G.S. ZURNADJIAN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SPIRITUAL AND POLITICAL DOCTRINE OF METROPOLITAN FILARET (DROZDOV) IN MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY
The interest of the paper is to explore the literature dedicated to Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Filaret (Drozdov) as a religious and political figure. In the field of the research are the works of Russian and foreign scientists from the historical, theological, sociological, political, philological standpoint. The works in which the authors describe and analyze the state-church relations of the synodal period as well as the relations between Filaret and the politicians of the epoch are of particular interest hereof.
Key words: Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), spiritual and political thought, state and Church.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.005
K.V. KADYSHEVA Assistant of the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A TOOL FOR FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE HEAD OF THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE HEADS OF REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT)
This article attempts to consider the effectiveness of social networks of the head of the subject of the Russian Federation as a factor in the formation of his image. The paper uses data obtained during the author's content analysis of publications of social networks of heads of regions of the Volga Federal District. Based on the analysis, the problem areas of the image component of the heads of the region in social networks are identified, and the conclusion is made about the importance of information coverage of the political activity of the leader, since it sets the pace of setting and solving the problems of the region and contributes to increasing loyalty from both the federal center and the population.
Key words: political image, head of the region, political leader, social networks.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.006
M.F. MAGADIEV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in the foreign policy activities of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
INFORMATION SECURITY AND DIGITAL SIGNATURE IN THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SYSTEM RUSSIAN FEDERATION
All state structures of the Russian Federation operate within the framework of the "Electronic Government" platform, which is a system of electronic interaction between different authorities, equipped with a variety of functions, as well as an effective communication system between different departments and structures of state power. E-government was created several years ago and is gradually being integrated into the work of all state structures of the Russian Federation, which greatly simplifies the process of public administration and reduces the losses and risks of their functioning. However, in the context of the rapid development of technology, the degree of risk of losing government information also increases. The presence of a huge number of hacker attacks on government websites and information systems increases the concern of the Government of the Russian Federation with these facts. The article describes the systems of "Electronic Government" and its vulnerabilities due to the use of a digital electronic signature on the platform. Options for protection against cyber fraud are given, as well as the possibility of strengthening the crypto protection of the digital signature used in the "Electronic Government" system.
Key words: information and analytical systems, digitalization, public administration, development of information technologies, electronic digital signature, information protection.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.007
A.A. BREGA Postgraduate student, Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
CREATION AND DISSEMINATION OF FRAMES AS A WAY OF LEGITIMIZING POWER DECISIONS
The article deals with the problem of creating frames as a way of legitimizing power. Attention is drawn to the specifics of frame analysis, the prerequisites for its active use at the present stage. The types of legitimacy are identified, which are provided by the creation and distribution of frames. It is noted that frames depend on public opinion, and therefore politicians use them for their own purposes. For the success of their political activities, politicians must have an idea of the alignment of social forces in the country, be able to properly assess the reality of meeting the demands of society. As a rule, politicians put forward ideas that are most popular in society, and do not initiate new ones, thus, basically, the distribution of frames is in the nature of reproduction or minimal modification of existing frames.
Key words: fame, framing, legitimation, power, power decisions, politics, communications.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.008
YA.S. BUDARIN Student, Institute of Public Service and Management, Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
FORESIGHT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE LEGISLATURE OR "SMART PARLIAMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"
The key shortcomings of the legislative power in the context of state-building are described. The sequence of solving the problems of Russian citizens in parliament and the emergence of derivative problems under the influence of information capsules is monitored. The influence of administrative and economic actors on the adoption of draft laws is analyzed. The basic concept of a Smart Parliament of the Russian Federation based on digital technologies is put forward.
The Smart Parliament of the Russian Federation (Smart-parliament) is a single initiative platform of citizens of the Russian Federation, created with the aim of generalizing/structuring and forming a holistic socio-economic strategic and operational agenda of the multinational people of Russia in a single information infrastructure of state authorities and local self-government. The platform should provide a centralized integrated approach to state-building issues in the context of creating and ensuring the digital regulatory architecture of the Russian Federation. The actors of state-building in the Smart Parliament are initiative citizens of Russia, who are identified through the Public Services platform with full verification. Smart parliament allows citizens to create an initiative in accordance with an established template, discuss it with other users and receive a motivated response from state and local government authorities, and when passing it to the level of municipal/regional/federal significance – the opportunity to defend their initiative in person and get advice from leading experts of the Russian Federation. In addition, it is assumed that there is a system of political credit. Political credit should be understood as a multi-level system of benefits and offers, fixed at the legislative level, for active citizens of the Russian Federation participating in state construction. Political credit is ranked according to the degree of significance and is calculated in the form of conventional units.
In order to form the agenda of the multinational people of Russia at a qualitatively high level, initiatives are filtered for compliance with the interests of state-building. All initiatives are analyzed in the context of integration into the international regulatory framework and the legislative framework of the Russian Federation.
Key words: State Duma of the Russian Federation, legislative power, actor, political ecosystem of citizens, institution of power, Smart Parliament, public authorities.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.009
A.A. DILMUKHAMETOVA Assistant of the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
IMPROVING INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NETWORK OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This article discusses the main aspects of improving information support for the activities of executive authorities for the development of a network of educational institutions. The modern directions of education development in Russia are studied. By the method of an expert survey among representatives of regional education management bodies, the main problematic aspects of information support for the activities of executive authorities for the development of a network of educational institutions are identified, and the most effective trends for improving processes in this area are proposed.
Key words: information support, education system, innovations, educational institutions, trends.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.010
D.V. KULIKOVA Postgraduate student of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
ANTI-CORRUPTION AS A TOOL OF POLITICAL FIGHT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the relationship between the features of combating corruption crimes and the political sphere of the Republic of Korea. The article discusses the main anti-corruption law of the Republic of Korea and its weaknesses, as well as the most famous corruption cases that demonstrate the use of anti-corruption rhetoric in a political context.
Key words: corruption, anti-corruption, political struggle, politics.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.011
N.N. RAVOCHKIN Dr. in Philosophy, Associate Professor Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogical Technologies Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy; Associate Professor at the Department of History, Philosophy and Social Sciences Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo, Russia
POLITICAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TRANSFORMATION IN DIGITALIZATION REALITIES (PART 3)
Digitalization is becoming one of the complex determinants, modeling options for the post-industrial transit of the modern world, influencing all spheres and areas of public life. Modern politics can no longer be represented, without digital services, and public administration and the struggle for power have undergone multiple metamorphoses. Transformation of political management practices and changes in the functionality of institutions seem to be vital for national governments, since it is the relevance to current challenges that allows us to rely on evolutionary development scenarios, remodeling of political practices and activities of the authorities The third part of the study summarizes the features of the digitalization of the political sphere in Europe. The author examines China's experience in the use of information and communication technologies in political activities. The high role of state regulation of the Internet and the importance of censorship of any information related to government practices are emphasized. The distinctive features of the Chinese way of digitalization of politics are revealed. In conclusion, the main results are presented and the trajectories of future research on the digitalization of the political sphere in the world regions are outlined.
Key words: political management, power, digitalization, society, interactions, political participation, civil society.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.012
O.A. KHLOPOV PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A DRIVING FORCE FOR ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY
The article presents an analysis of the relationship between digitalization, energy and security, analyzes the impact of the digital transformation process in business and the public sector on energy security. Digital technologies play a key role for improving energy security, and the digitalization of public services contributes to achieving energy sustainability. The use of modern digital technologies, such as big data, cloud computing are essential to ensure the security of the energy system and the availability of energy. The author argues that digital transformation activities that is taking place in various sectors on various energy aspects is very important to ensure energy security, including accessibility, affordability, ability to sustainable development.
Key words: energy security, energy resources, sustainable development, digitalization, digital technologies, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.013
D.A. GONCHAROVA Postgraduate, Faculty of Global Studies Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DIGITAL DIMENTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Introduction. Regardless of political and social systems, the existence of the national security sector and organisations can be considered universal in almost all states. The main task of national security organisations in each country is to support decision makers in the country with accurate, up-to-date information. Their main tasks are to obtain and analyse information. In the 20th century, specific areas of information gathering (e.g. SIGINT – Signal Intelligence, HUMINT – Human Intelligence, OSINT – Open Source Intelligence and MASINT – Measurement and Signature Intelligence) were developed to carry out these activities. At the same time, apart from their specific purpose and secrecy, these fields are undergoing constant change, and one of the most important shaping factors is the external technological environment. Consequently, monitoring changes in the external environment plays an important role, and national security decision-makers are also responding to them by improving their methods. On the one hand, digital technology allows for faster and easier information acquisition, but on the other hand it also leads to the emergence of risks.
Research methodology. The methodological basis of the study comprises general scientific research methods, such as synthesis, analysis, comparison, as well as a special research method, such as content analysis of official documents.
Results of the study. The study argues that digitalization brings both benefits and risks to national security, so each country needs to respond and support technological support for national security. Russia lags behind the U.S. in key digital dimensions. Russia lags behind, and work needs to be done at the legislative and departmental levels to improve economic competitiveness, develop ICT in Russia's different regions, and introduce initiatives to accelerate broadband penetration and increase the adoption of e-services by different sectors and by different levels of government.
Discussion. Digitalization as a process poses significant risks to maintaining the current position in the national security system focused on physical threats. The main threats to the new social organization are: digital terrorism; crime in the virtual environment; human psycho-emotional insecurity, lack of personal space in the digital environment; falsification of information; and threat to national sovereignty in the digital space.
Conclusion. In the future, technological superiority will play an important role, providing unpredictable advantages to countries with the most advanced capabilities and solutions. State authorities are aware of all the need to adopt digital technologies, which are used for national security, but also in related sectors, in particular for information, technological, financial and economic security.
Key words: digital economy, digital technology, challenges, national security, digitalization, digital transformation, ICT development index, digital terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.014
S.A. MIRONOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SOME FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES OF THE OIL AND GAS BUSINESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article analyzes various approaches to the problems of legal regulation of lobbying activities, including directly in the oil and gas industry, shows the relationship between world and domestic views on lobbying, examines the Russian specifics of lobbying in comparison with foreign experience, substantiates the problems of legal regulation of lobbying in modern Russia.
The purpose of this article is to determine the specifics of the legal regulation of lobbying in the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation on the basis of a content analysis of current legislation and research materials, and to outline the possible limits of this regulation.
In the course of the study, the author concludes that legal regulation of lobbying is not possible in all societies, since it implies transparency not only in the field of lobbying, but also in general within the framework of regulating relations between the state and society, whether it is issues of distribution of social support, taxation or, narrowly, public procurement.
According to the author, the European model of regulation of lobbying, involving the participation of interest groups in the work of special advisory institutions in order to effectively influence political decision-making, deserves attention. In this regard, it is necessary to give a legal definition of lobbying and lobbyists in relation to the realities of modern Russia, to establish on the basis of the law the rules for financing the political process, regulating the activities of relevant organizations and business associations, as well as to determine the degree of their influence on the development of the political system, the process of forming public policy.
Key words: interest groups, lobbying, public authorities, interaction between business and government, oil and gas complex, communication technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.015
HAZELI REZA Graduate student, Department of Political Science of the East of the Institute of Asia and Africa, Moscow State University Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
LABOR IMMIGRATION AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS REGULATION UNDER SANCTIONS
The purpose of this article is to identify the features of labor migration in the Russian Federation in the post-pandemic period and new sanctions measures. The work is based on the works of domestic and foreign researchers, on statistical and factual data covering migration processes, labor resources, demographic dynamics, and the social structure of the population. The presented data are systematized in various directions, the impact of sanctions measures on the structure of the modern migration process, on the problems of economic and socio-political development of the Russian Federation is considered.
Key words: international labor migration, sanctions measures, socio-political development, labor resources, political and legal analysis.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.016
B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and International relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
THE MACEDONIAN CHAIRMENSHIP WITH OSCE 2023: DARK CLOUDS LOOMING ON THE HORIZON
The article deals with the challenges and prospects of the forthcoming 2023 OSCE Chairmanship-in-Office of Macedonia, which combines the serious problems of both OSCE and the Macedonian weak diplomacy. The combination of the two does not give many reasons for hope in the context of the Ukraine situation, which with all likelihood will dominate the agenda. On one hand, OSCE is facing an existential crisis as an organization that has obviously failed to preserve peace and cooperation on the European continent but still badly seeks out its new raison d’etre. On the other hand, during the worst global security crisis in the recent decades, the Organization is to be chaired by one of its minor and weakest states. The key questions read: does it matter who chairs the OSCE in a situation where the member states have already taken sides and the decision-making process is in impasse? How relevant is OSCE today and what are its prospects?
Key words: OSCE, Chairmanship, Macedonia, diplomacy, European security architecture.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.017
A.G. BOLSHAKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Conflictology, Institute of Social Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
SETTLEMENT OF TERRITORIAL CONFLICTS IN CENTRAL ASIA: POSITIVE PRACTICES AND CASE KYRGYZ-TAJIK CONFRONTATION
The article is devoted to the Territorial Conflicts of the Post-Soviet period in Central Asia. Territorial Conflicts arose in this region due to the lack of clear state bordes, the presense of numerus enclaves and exclaves, since earlier the borders were only administrative on the territory of one state – the Soviet Union. The purpose of article is to determine the most effective Methods for Resolving Territorial Conflicts in the region.
These may include, first of all, lengthy Negotiations between the parties to the dispute, Delimitation and Demarcation of borders. The region has accumulated quite a few such practices, and they are gradually leading to the fact that the process of gaining state borders ends. The most successful in this regard are Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. However, the Ferghana Valley is the most difficult area for resolving border problems and disputies between the countries of the region, and there are a number of reasons for this, which are presented in detail in this text.
Direct Russian Mediation, the creation of Zones of Economic Cooperation, the Abolition of borders are still less effective ways to Resolve Conflicts. At the same time, the Russian alliance, ensuring security for a number of Central Asian countries ensures their successful progress towards a gradual reduction in Territorial Conflict.
The case of Conflicts between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan has not yet been Resolved. The most intense conflict between the countries occurred in 2021, which brought the border conflict to the National Level for the two states of the region. But since the Conflicts between these countries are not Ethno-Religious, they are not intractable and, most likely, will be Resolved before 2030.
Key words: Territorial Conflict, Border Conflict, Enclave, Exclave, Negotiations, Mediation, border Delimitation, border Demarcation.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.018
A.V. VOZZHENIKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Cultural Studies and Social Communication, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
D.L. TSYBAKOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia Khimki, Russia
FORMATION OF THE CSTO COLLECTIVE SECURITY SYSTEM IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD
The article analyzes the development of the collective security system in the former USSR during the 1990s-2000s. The authors define the purpose of their research to consider the formation of the institutional and conceptual foundations for ensuring the strategic interests of Russia and its allies in the post-Soviet geopolitical region against the background of the processes of emerging multipolarity. Historical, comparative, dialectical methods are used to fulfill this goal. The analysis of the stages of collective security functioning in the post-Soviet space in the context of the development of CIS institutions and the formation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization is carried out. The content of the "Tashkent Pact" of 1992 and the reasons for the correction of doctrinal acts issued on its basis in the field of ensuring regional security are evaluated. Considerable attention is paid to the process of transforming the CSTO into a multifunctional entity for maintaining international stability in the CIS area.
Crisis situations in the process of evolution of the collective security system that took place at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries are described. The prerequisites of destructive manifestations in the integration strategies of Russia and its allies in the field of regional security are revealed. It is summarized that the crises of its institutions in the post-Soviet space were based on such factors as ethnic and confessional tensions in the newly independent CIS states, the incompleteness of their national sovereignty, as well as the policy of the Euro-Atlantic community to establish its geopolitical hegemony in the former USSR. The prerequisites and conditions for expanding the CSTO's sphere of responsibility are determined, which resulted in the reformatting of this association from a classic military-political union into a regional security organization of a new type.
Key words: post-Soviet space, collective security, regional security, Collective Security Treaty, CIS, NATO, CSTO.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.019
O.V. DUBROVINA Doctor of Political Science, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management, RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
O.YU. DUBROVINA PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor, Coordinator, National Union of Political Scientists of Russia, Moscow, Russia
V.S. PLOTNIKOV PhD in Social Science, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs Siberian State Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russia
REGIONS OF STATES EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AS A TOOL FOR EXPANDING THE BORDERS OF INTEGRATION
The article is devoted to the topical issues of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union and the possible regional participation in this integration process. The article considers theoretical and applied aspects of the problem. The purpose of the article is to show that international economic integration in the modern world is a necessary condition for the successful economic growth of countries, and substate regions become a key level of political action and dialogue, a place where supranational and national forces meet regional demands and needs. The regions of states are playing an increasingly important role in the national and supranational political process, including integration.
Key words: Eurasian Economic Union, integration, regions of states, substate regions, cross-border cooperation, cross-border regions and spaces, inter-territorial cooperation, integration policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.020
N.S. KULESHOVA Doctor of philosophical science, Professor of the Department of Political Science of the East Institute of Asian and African countries Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
HAO LUN Candidate of Political Sciences, Moscow State University, Doctor of Political Science, Peking University, Lecturer at the Institute for the Humanities and social sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Beijing, China
WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND RUSSIA'S "LONG-TERM" RESPONSE AFTER THE CRIMEAN CRISIS
The current international situation is complicated by the Russian-Ukrainian situation. The collective West continues to impose new sanctions against Russia, using sanctions as an instrument of political pressure, but the effect of the sanctions is still far from expected. Anti-Russian sanctions create unprecedented challenges for the Russian economy and disastrous consequences for the global economy. Current trends and methods of Russia's response in a crisis situation attract close attention of domestic and foreign scientists. The subject of our study is the counter-sanctions policy of the Russian Federation, as an integral system of state decisions against sanctions coercion of the West.
Key words: Russia, total Western sanctions, international relations, financial institutions, political stability.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.021
BA ALAWI MURAD MOHAMMED Candidate of political sciences, Associate professor, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Hadhramaut State University, Yemen
NEW TRANSITION PERIOD IN YEMEN: MAIN SCENARIO OF DEVELOPMENT OF EVENTS
The article considers the political situation in Yemen, in particular, the announcement of the creation of a Presidential council as a result of negotiations held in Riyadh from March 29 to April 7, 2022. It also analyzes the reasons for Ansar Allah's refusal to participate in the negotiations. This paper proposes three scenarios for the development of events in Yemen in the near future.
Key words: presidential council, Yemen, Ansar Allah, yemeni negotiations, Saudi Arabia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.022
N.I. DMITRIEVА Ph.D. (Economic Sciences), Assistant Professor, The Chair of Theory and Technology of Management, the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
DONG ZICHAO PhD Student, The Chair of Theory and Technology of Management, the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
SOVEREIGNTY OF CYBERSPACE AS NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
The paper is devoted to the cyberspace security current state and the features of state regulation of this sphere both at the national, bilateral and multilateral levels. The focus of the study is on the need to define "digital borders" to ensure national priority in cybersecurity, i.e. areas in which the country's leadership has the right to use various measures to protect information data to form cyberspace national sovereignty.
Key words: cyberspace, concept of sovereignty, national sovereignty of cyberspace, information data protection, digital environment, digital sovereignty, digital borders.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.023
M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
DENNIS GITAU MWANGI Fourth-year student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Republic of Kenya
MECHANISMS FOR INCREASING WOMEN'S POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN EAST AFRICAN COUNTRIES
The article analyzes the mechanisms of achieving gender equality in the politics of East African states (for example, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) in historical retrospect (postcolonial period) and at the present stage.
The authors highlight the internal and external reasons for the need to empower African women in politics, structural and other obstacles, features and consequences of the implementation of gender quotas in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.
The authors conclude that in order to democratize and form governance structures, norms and values in African states, in addition to the numerical political presence of women and the progressive norms of the Constitution, it is necessary to attract strong and mutually responsible voters and create appropriate mechanisms inside and outside the formal governance structures.
Key words: gender policy, women in politics, gender quotas, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, East Africa.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.024
R.H. MIRZAZHANOV Head of the educational Department of the Department of special training of the military training center at Moscow state University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE GLOBAL THREATS OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM
In this paper we analyze the documents of international and regional organizations dedicated to combating extremism and terrorism, or at least mentioning this issue. The factors hindering the creation of a global anti-terrorist (anti-extremist) coalition are highlighted. It is shown that today's expectations in the fight against extremism and terrorism (in addition to national-state structures) should be orientated towards regional and sub-regional associations. We reveal that the principal vectors of the anti-terrorist activities of the SCO and the CSTO for the most part coincide or are similar in content. We conclude that strengthening of inter-regional interaction of already existing structures (for example, the SCO and the CSTO) on the “anti-terrorist agenda” looks optimal for the Eurasian area.
Key words: extremism, terrorism, the Russian Federation, the UN, the SCO, the CSTO, the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, strategizing the fight against manifestations of anti-humanism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.025
K.H. RAKHIMOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Post-graduate Assistant of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, specialist Center for Research of Post-Soviet Countries (CIS), Moscow, Russia
A.A. LUSHINA Master's student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the RUDN, Moscow, Russia
S.H. KHOLOV Master's student of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations of the RUDN, Moscow, Russia
COOPERATION OF THE SCO COUNTRIES WITH THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE AFGHAN ISSUE: BEFORE AND AFTER THE US WITHDRAWAL
This article analyzes the experience of solving the Afghan problem accumulated by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (hereinafter-SCO). In particular, the article examines the diplomatic efforts of this organization, its humanitarian actions, and attempts to develop infrastructure in Afghanistan. The article also shows the differences between the SCO participants' approach from other countries and organizations, and analyzes the overall effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The essence of the Afghan problem from the point of view of the SCO members is that the main part of the state border of Afghanistan falls on the member countries of the Organization. Therefore, all the risks that come from Afghanistan – terrorism, the expansion of radical Islam, as well as organized crime (including drug smuggling), are serious threats to the participating countries of the organization. An additional complication lies in the fact that the official Afghan government does not control the entire territory of the country, and has been waging an intense war with the radical Islamic movement for a long time. On August 15, 2021, power in Afghanistan came under the control of the Taliban (the organization is under UN sanctions for terrorist activities). In exchange for the support of the international community, the movement promised to create an inclusive government and respect human rights. So far, these words remain promises: reports of human rights violations, reprisals against representatives of the former regime and suppression of dissent periodically come from the region. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the problems of the SCO's influence and the attempts of its participants to resolve the Afghan conflict.
Key words: SCO, regional security, war in Afghanistan, radical Islam, terrorism, economic and energy security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.026
E.P. SHANCHENKO Junior researcher, Institute for International Studies, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO); PhD candidate, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF JUST WAR
In this article the author depicts in detail the theory (group of theories) of just war. Referring to the classical postulates of these theories (the principles of initiation of war and the principles of rules of engagement in combat), the author analyzes how "just" could be the involvement of the UN peacekeeping contingents in conflict resolution. On the one hand, the conduct of a peacekeeping operation is connected with the intention to stop the bloodshed, and the "fairness" of the participation of peacekeeping contingents is also connected with the involvement of the world community in the settlement of the conflict through UN peacekeeping forces. At the same time, it should be recognized that the UN is a non-state actor, in a meaning of the classical postulates of the theory of just war. To analyze the actions of non-state actors, the author appeals to the non-classical approach of the American expert N. Foushin. Similarly, the author raises questions about the compliance with the principle of legitimacy of an authority (representation of countries in the UN Security Council, active financing by Western partners of the UN Fund, the Peacebuilding Commission Fund, the fund of the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), as well as the lack of correlation between the list of countries providing peacekeeping contingents and the circle of states making political decisions regarding the content of the UN mandates. Also, compliance with the principles of jus post bellum, which appeared in the scientific discourse relatively recently, is associated with the conduct of peacekeeping operations (proportionality of claims against the losing side, restoration of the rights of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the losing side, proportionality of punishment of the political leadership and the military in accordance with the share of responsibility of their decisions, the issue of compensation, the issue of political reconstruction and restoration of the party that lost). Due to possible non-compliance with a number of principles of a just war (the principle of legitimacy, the principle of a just cause, the principle of probability of success, the principles of jus post bellum), some peacekeeping operations may not be considered as "just" by certain political actors.
Key word: “just war”, justice, the United Nations, jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus post bellum, peacemaking operations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.027
WANG YANG Weifang University lecturer, China
RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF INNOVATION IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
The strategic partnership of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China requires the development of innovations in the educational sphere, since it directly affects the training of modern personnel for sustainable development and comprehensive strategic partnership. The article is devoted to the problems of improving the scientific and educational environment of the PRC and the Russian Federation. The article describes the directions of cooperation in the conditions of digitalization, its main components, presents the results of Russian-Chinese cooperation, taking into account the national and political peculiarities of development. The author's political analysis of new trends in cooperation between the two states in the educational sphere clearly identifies differences in the needs of countries in this aspect, and also provides national statistical data.
Key words: scientific and educational environment, modernization of the education system, digitalization, innovations, trends in the development of university education in China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.028
S.A. KAZARYAN PhD student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE AMERICAN MODEL OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
The article is devoted to the study of political aspects of the American model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of transnational corporations (TNCs). The article’s author presented the versatile works of the Russian and foreign scientists on the study of various aspects of the problem. The analysis of US foreign policy carried out in the article, implemented through the American model of CSR TNCs, showed that the latter allows Washington to accelerate the processes of globalization in the world and extend its own standards of socially responsible business functioning to developing and least developed states. At the same time, the United States manages to influence the politics of these states due to the dependence of their national economies on the activities of American TNCs on their territory, including the management of enterprises in the extractive and manufacturing industries, controlling stakes in which the US transnational business owns.
Key words: transnational corporations, corporate social responsibility, American model, political influence, developing and least developed states.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.029
N.I. KRIVOSHEEVA Postgraduate of the Department of Public Administration and Management, Volgograd Institute of Management – branch Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
V.YU. PODURUEVA-MILOEVICH Postgraduate of the Department of Public Administration and Management, Volgograd Institute of Management – branch Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia
DEMOCRATIC RESOURCES OF THE MODERN PUBLIC SPHERE: FROM SOCIAL NETWORKS TO MUCK-RACKING
The article substantiates the characteristic features of the modern public sphere in the context of the three most important institutions of democracy, such as freedom of expression, alternative sources of information and the autonomy of associations. It is argued that the core of the modern public sphere are the following resources: democratization of information, social networks, cross-border public, opinion leaders, macro-hacking. The influence of these resources on democratic institutions is analyzed. The concept of the public sphere Yu. Habermas and the concept of «communicative abundance» by J. Keane is offered as a methodological tool that reveals the relationship between the modern public sphere and its democratic potential.
Key words: public sphere, democracy, Internet, mass media, civil society, democratic resources, social networks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.030
SUI TAO Ph.D. Student the School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA-US RELATIONS BASED ON THE POLICY ANALYSIS OF TRUMP AND BIDEN
Sino-US relations have deteriorated sharply during the Trump administration. Under the leadership of President Trump, Washington abandoned its four-decade policy of engagement with Beijing, designated China as a great power seeking to reshape the regional and world order, imposed sweeping tariffs on Chinese goods, and tightened controls on Chinese investment in the United States.
The article analyzes the Chinese strategy of the administration of D. Trump and J. Biden for long-term, strategic and tough rivalry with China.
Key words: Sino-American relations, strategic competition, fundamentals of strategic rivalry, US foreign policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.031
TANG CUIZHU Postgraduate student, Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
PROSPECTS FOR DEEPENING MILITARY-STRATEGIC COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA: MAIN SCENARIOS
This article analyzes the Sino-Russian military and strategic aspects of the partnership, as well as scenarios for its development. The author gives a general description of the current state of interaction between the two states in the area under consideration on the basis of current scientific literature. Particular attention is paid to Central Asia as an important strategic path for the development of relations between Russia and China, as well as the exchange of military exercises and the exchange of technologies as an important aspect of further interaction between states. The article also considers three scenarios for deepening interaction between the two states: open rivalry, military alliance and strategic coordination. Three factors make it likely that the relationship will develop into a stable and enduring relationship over the next 10 to 15 years. It is likely that China and Russia will continue to firmly believe in advancing a multipolar world order. Countries will continue to uphold the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention, and remain vigilant against any advancement of Western liberal values and norms.
Key words: China, Russia, military-strategic partnership, Arctic, exercises, politics, world order.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.032
M.L. STRASBURGER Postgraduate Student, Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
HISTORY OF STUDYING THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING DIASPORA IN THE USA IN THE PERIOD OF THREE WAVES OF EMIGRATION
In this article, the author examines the history of studying the political participation of the Russian-speaking diaspora in the United States during the period of three waves of emigration. In the introduction, the author proposes a periodization of the waves of emigration from Russia/USSR to the United States, indicates the main stages in the coverage of this process in the scientific literature. The author examines the coverage of various forms of political unification of the diaspora and highlights the idea that they were primarily aimed at fighting the corresponding political regime in Russia/USSR from abroad, and not at exerting significant political influence within the country. The author, comes to the conclusion, that after studying the main works on the topic under study and describing the main Russian-speaking political organizations, clubs and associations of the three waves of emigration, it can be stated that, in contrast to the cultural and economic aspects, the political aspect is poorly developed. The author points out the reasons why the Russian-speaking diaspora did not become an independent political player. This includes the "wave-like nature of emigration", cardinal differences in political convictions, and the class and social affiliation of the migrants.
Key words: russian-speaking diaspora, emigration, political participation, waves of emigration, USA.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.033
YUE RUISHUANG PhD student, International Relations and World Politics Department, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
ON MAINTAINING STRATEGIC STABILITY IN SINO-US RELATIONS
In today's era, China-US relations are one of the most important bilateral relations in global international relations. It is absolutely obvious that its direction and content significantly influence the global civilizational, military-political and economic development. China and the United States need to ease strategic suspicions and build mutual trust through cooperation, treat conflict as the new normal, and establish a strong and stable strategic relationship. After decades of development of the international and constant diversity of the domestic situation, China-US relations are now facing new challenges, as well as unprecedented new problems. Common interests and economic and political interdependence, including the interdependence between China and the United States and the interdependence of the two countries on the international system, is an important pillar of China-US relations. Over the past few decades, China and the United States have established dozens of intergovernmental dialogue mechanisms, notably the Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue.
Key words: China-US relations, common interests, global stability, competition, development.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.034
YAZAN HEARBAKE Postgraduate student of the Moscow Pedagogical state university, Moscow, Russia
CHINESE INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AS A COMPONENT OF GEOECONOMIC STRATEGIES
China's aspirations for regional and global leadership will largely be achieved by its geo-economic strategy. Investments are one of the geo-economic tools in this regard.
The article presents Chinese investment in the African continent, especially in the energy and mining sectors, which has become a geo-economic phenomenon in a globalized world moving to change its economic system.
Purpose: The role of China's investment in the African continent in the context of the Geo-Economic Strategy.
Highlights the importance of the challenges these investments face.
Key words: investments, energy, America, Africa, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.035
SUI TAO Ph.D. Student The School of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
V.A. VORONIN Ph.D. Student Department of World Economy Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
CHINA-U.S. RELATIONS (AN ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIONS OF THE TRUMP AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATIONS IN THEIR STRATEGIC RIVALRY WITH CHINA)
After China's reforms and opening up in 1978, the county experience more than 40 years of economic development. Nowadays, China become the second-largest economy in the world. The rise of China's all-encompassing power led the United States to change its strategic position and engage in strategic rivalry with China. This strategy shift occurred during the Trump administration and has been continued by the Biden administration. This article analyzes the development of the Sino-American strategies during the Trump and Biden administrations. It concludes that the United States will adopt three political directions of rivalry, confrontation, and cooperation to manage its relationship with China. The US will rely on alliances and partners and will pursue a long-term rivalry with China.
Key words: Sino-American relations, strategic competition, bases of strategic rivalry.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.036
ZHAO LU PhD student at the department of comparative political science Faculty of Political Science of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
GUO WEI Postgraduate Student, Department of Modern Sociology, Faculty of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
MODERN CHINESE-AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN-AMERICAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER
China, Russia and the United States are among the most important powers in the world. The strategic relations between China and the United States, Russia and the United States and their evolution represent an important milestone in the observation for the study of international political problems. In the face of increased competition between China and the United States, the emergence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the "confrontation" between the United States and Russia portends a serious change in the strategic model of the international order.
The article describes the strategic rivalry between China and the United States, Russia and the United States. It also analyzes the competition for the transformation of the international order, led by the main players in the role of China, the United States and Russia.
Having examined the topic of competition between China, Russia and the United States, it can be concluded that China, in competing with the United States, also benefits to a certain extent from the existing international order, but at the same time puts forward some of its own strategic proposals. The role of Russia in the current international order is twofold: on the one hand, it tries to maintain peace, and on the other, it violates it. The rules-based international order, led by the United States, is in decline. China, Russia and the United States through the UN and other international organizations, it is necessary to establish a fairer international political and economic order. In contrast to the US-Chinese and US-Russian relations entering a "period of severe stagnation", the Sino-Russian relations are getting better and better. However, from the point of view of the United States, a closer comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Russia in the new era poses a serious challenge to the interests of the United States, its allies and partners.
Key words: China-American competition, Russian-American competition, strategic competition, international order, China-Russian-American relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.037
YU.A. ALEKSEENKO Master's Degree in International Relations, Postgraduate student, Department of International Security, Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of World Politics, Moscow, Russia
EVOLUTION OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY SYSTEM
The Antarctic Treaty (1959) laid the foundations for the international legal regime of Antarctica and was to protect the region from the scenario that played out at the opposite side of the globe. The issue of territorial sovereignty in Antarctica was frozen. The logic of collective international management of Antarctica was to overcome a dangerous point in interstate issues – disputes over territories. However, Antarctica began to face management problems immediately after something more than a «tent camp» appeared on its territory. This article analyzes contemporary territorial state claims in Antarctica and how these claims relate to the 1959 Treaty. This article regards the Antarctic Treaty System and reveals the prerequisites for its changes.
Key words: Antarctica, Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctic governance regime, co-governance, global governance, international security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.038
K.A. MIRONOV Postgraduate student Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia
THE ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF NATIONALIST PARTIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
The article examines the various features of nationalist parties in the European Union. An analysis of the scientific literature and political programs of the parties identified the main features that separate nationalists from other political forces. The main feature of nationalist parties is the desire to fulfill the principle of Ernest Gellner, according to which nationalists advocate the coincidence of political and ethnic boundaries. Attempts to comply with this principle force political parties to put forward territorial demands on neighboring countries, or fight for the independence of individual regions. Since the principles of the European Union prohibit territorial conflicts between member countries, nationalists support their ethnicity abroad, trying to integrate compatriots into a common economic and cultural field. Also important distinguishing features of nationalist parties in the European Union are: attitude towards migrants and ethnic minorities, skepticism about European and global institutions. It is important to note that modern nationalist parties resort to populist practices. Nationalists stigmatize the "alien", the role of which is played by representatives of other nations, and oppose the elites.
Key words: nationalism, the European Union, political parties, populism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.039
DONG ZICHAO PhD Student, The Chair of Theory and Technology of Management, the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
At the moment, international relations are evolving quite intensively, which leads to the emergence of new political and global problems. The current problems are the preservation of peace, terrorism, cybersecurity problems, negative climate changes on Earth and the preservation of the environment, uncontrolled migration of the population, the threat of cross-border epidemics. Global problems inevitably lead to a clash of interests of different countries, increasingly acquiring political overtones. The coming years will undoubtedly be problematic, since the devastating consequences of the pandemic, both human and economic, will be significant.
Key words: Global problems: peace preservation, ecology, cybersecurity, epidemics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.040
D.M. MUSIEVA PhD Student, Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A NEW ROUND OF TENSION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE USA
The article analyzes the features of the current stage in the development of relations between Russia and the United States as a natural result of structural problems in world development, characterized by economic decline and the growth of socio-political contradictions both within countries and in relations between them. The regularity of these processes is determined by the fact that at the moment there is a transition from the fifth economic cycle to the sixth, which is traditionally accompanied by serious geopolitical consequences and is confirmed by facts from history. Based on this, even before the development of the Ukrainian crisis, forecasts were made about possible conflicts and clashes between the major powers for the redivision of the world. The "hybrid war" of the United States and its allies against Russia in connection with a special military operation in Ukraine is such a conflict. The transition to a new world order has now reached an acute phase of confrontation between the United States, seeking to maintain the old order, and Russia, seeking to change it.
Key words: Russian-American confrontation, Kondratiev cycles, new world order, "hybrid wars".
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.041
LI JINGYING Master's degree, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
CONFRONTATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA AND AMERICA UNDER SANCTIONS
International sanctions against Russia continue to intensify. A growing number of Western leaders, including Ukrainian President Zelensky, hope that China can use its influence over Russia to end the war in Ukraine, or at least to remain "neutral", as China itself puts it. This is one of the goals of European leaders. However, analysts argue that China will not be "neutral", much less give up on Russia. Some have even noted that in order for Russia to retain its position as Beijing's key strategic partner, "the worse Putin's position in Ukraine, the more China will support him". After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, China is trying to "bet on both sides", in the Chinese government's public expression, "to maintain neutrality. For this reason, China actively supports Russia in the fight against sanctions.
Key words: Russia, U.S., China, sanctions, fight.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.042
A.A. GUSTYR Master of International Relations, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia
THE EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN SOFT POWER IN THE 2008-2013 PERIOD
The article examines the evolution of the Russian soft-power influence and its broadcast channels in the 2008-2013 period. Analysing the structural and institutional basis formed for Russian soft power during this time, the author characterizes the turn to a "smart" foreign policy that occurred during the presidency of Dmitry Medvedev, identifies the main stages in its development, and assesses the degree of its success. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the measures taken by Russia were effective in a number of areas, especially with regard to the modernization and digitalization of Russian diplomacy. At the same time, there was a limitation of the achieved success due to the top-down orientation of the formed soft-power institutions.
Key words: soft power, diplomacy, modernization, information support, positioning.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.043
A.L. PROTSENKO Undergraduate of the Department of Global management and international organizations Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF PROPAGANDA IN TOTALITARIANISM
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of propaganda in totalitarianism. As a result of the study, definitions of totalitarianism and propaganda are formulated, and the main characteristic features of totalitarianism are described. It is concluded that propaganda plays a key role in totalitarian regimes and takes on a massive scale; with its help, ideology penetrates into many spheres of society. Important features of propaganda in totalitarianism were identified: the desire of propaganda to control social processes by distributing the roles of members of society in the political system, the centralized organizational structure of propaganda, the use of images that already exist in society: the image of a hero, enemy, friend.
Key words: totalitarianism, propaganda, digital totalitarianism, media and totalitarianism, manipulation of public opinion.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.044
D.D. TARASOCHKINA Bachelor student of the Far East Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE COMPETITION LEADERS OF RUSSIA FROM 2017 TO 2020
Elitological problems have been formed over several centuries, transforming and changing against the backdrop of the development and transformation of political systems and processes in society. Various philosophers and thinkers of the Ancient World, the Renaissance, the Modern Age dealt with the issues of education and development of the political elite. In addition, it is important to study the process of recruiting elites as the main factor in the selection of the upper class, as well as their involvement in the formation of the modern political process in the state. Recruiting helps not only to highlight the capabilities of the ruling elite, but also to explore areas for improving their activities and forming their professional competence. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the results of the Leaders of Russia competition from 2017 to 2022. The author believes that this type of search for people involved in politics is one of the mechanisms for recruiting the Russian political elite. Comparative analysis was used as the basis for writing the research paper, which made it possible to evaluate the results of the competition over several years. The author relied on traditional theoretical principles in the study of political elites, where the works of the founders of the theory of elites G. Mosca, V. Pareto were used. Despite the fact that the contribution of scientists to the study of this issue is quite large, the elites to this day remain a rather unexplored structure.
Key words: political elite, upper class, privileged society, administrative elite, regional elite, business elite, Leaders of Russia competition, recruitment of elites, personnel reserve.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.045
K.A. KOROLKOV Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Russian Island, Ajax, Primorsky Krai, Russia
V.S. SHVYRKOV Student in Political Science Institute of Oriental Studies – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Russian Island, Ajax, Primorsky Krai, Russia
GOVERNANCE OF ISLAMIC EMIRATE AFGHANISTAN IN SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERE
This article analyses the socio-cultural governance of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, three areas: regulation of public life, education policy and the media are in the spotlight. It focuses on the measures taken by the new government to achieve comprehensive islamization by examining the extent and nature of the ongoing transformations and the obstacles encountered along the way, emphasising the uncertain legal status of the restrictions imposed. A special place in the context of the study focuses on the specific functioning of the line ministries and agencies responsible for the implementation of the chosen policy, concluding that there is no single coherent socio-cultural policy, and that the governance system is disorganised.
Key words: Afghanistan, governance, governance system, socio-cultural sphere, Islamic Emirate Afghanistan, Taliban.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.81.5.046
K.S. КOMAROV Student, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU), Moscow, Russia
AUKUS: THE OUTLOOK OF TRILATERAL PARTNERSHIP
The article introduces in broad political discourse in the framework of current global security issues the author's comprehension of dynamically emerging new reality (illustrated by AUKUS trilateral security partnership) in Indo-Pacific region. The activation of regional formats in sort of minilateralism actualizes the project of institutionalization of the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific space is turning into the center of one of the processes that will determine the parameters of not only the regional, but also the global world order. A significant part of the planet's conflict potential density in the Indo-Pacific inevitably highlights the issues of freedom of navigation, security of sea and air communications. The location of a number of nuclear and "threshold" states sharpens nuclear proliferation problem. The formation of a new AUKUS construct is an explicit material for further development of the post-bipolar model of international relations.
Key words: AUKUS, Indo-Pacific region, geopolitics, security partnership, minilateralism, global confrontation, post-bipolar world.