№ 11 (111), 2024
Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 14, Issue 11 (111), 2024
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Bondarenko N.I. The Origins of the Philosophical-Political Personalism of N.A. Berdyaev
Petropolsky A.I. Theoretical Approaches to the Definition of the Concept of "Public Policy"
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Ascheulov O.E. «Operation Bagration» as a Key Element of the 10 Stalinist Strikes of 1944
Logvinov D.V. Nationalism and Separatism in the Grand Duchy of Finland: L. Mechelin (1839-1914)
Sitdikov A.M. The Combat Training of the Red Army in Russian Historiography
Novichkova I.A., Yangez D.I., Gavrilina Yu.I. Pages of the Nationalist Past in Estonia's Historical Policy
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Makarov A.V., Saletskov V.V. L.N. Gumilev's Passionate Theory of Ethnogenesis Through the Prism of the Interests of Power and the Principle of “Service”
Vanteevsky M.M. Contemporary Dystopia as a Dominant Trend of Political Representation in Russian Mass Culture
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Korneev D.A. Russia is a Welfare State
Dibrov E.A. Transformation Specificity of the Russophobia Phenomenon in the Information Space of Ukraine in the Conditions of Geopolitical Confrontation in Eastern Europe
Pogorelskiy D.M., Smirnov A.I. Ethnopolitical Security of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia in Modern Conditions
Kelekhsayeva I.Z. TV Debates as a Political Technology of the Electoral Process in the Republic of South Ossetia (on the Example of the Presidential Elections of 2022)
Samsonova N.N. The Impact of Cancellation Practices on the Rehabilitation Process of Victims of Political Repressions: Memory Asymmetry
Seravin A.I. On Modeling Political Campaigns in the Context of Digitalization
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Artemyev N.V., Novikov A.V., Goltseva O.S., Zolkin A.L., Novoselsky S.O. Urban Environment Safety Based on the Development of Digital Services in Modern Socio-Economic Conditions
Starushko S.A. Latent Mechanisms for the Formation of State Strategies
Safina A.O. Problems and Prospects of Educational Systems Management in the Context of Demographic Changes
Abdurakhmanov S.S. The Dynamics of the Development of Competence of Local Councils in the Legal Norms of Uzbekistan
Evreeva O.A., Kuzmenko G.N. The Factor of Activity of Non-Profit Organizations in the Social Policy of Local Government (Legal Aspect)
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Maneev I.V., Bragin A.V., Kurbanov N.I., Baranov A.N. Denazification of East Germany in 1945-1949 as a Model for Working with Public Opinion in the Liberated Territories of Ukraine
Romashina E.A. Geopolitical Strategy of China in World Politics
Xue Xiaohan, Popov S.I. Role of Central Asia in Eurasian Integration
Oskin N.N., Shalamov A.V., Ulitsky V.A. The Experience of American Analytical Center in the Interests of the Military-Political Leadership the United States of America
Ruchkin N.D., Ivannikov N.S. The Achievements of the Left-Wing and Right-Wing Populists in Last German Elections
Belokoz E.R. The Importance of the Religious Factor in State Policy in Modern Theories of International Relations
Vinogradova K.A. The Influence of Third Countries on the Energy Cooperation Between Russia and Turkey
Goncharov S.V. Problems of Integration of the Turkish Expatriate Community Into German Society
Delov V.V. The Turkish World Factor in the Policy of the Turkish Republic
Gu Qianwei. Review of Current Research on China-CEE Cooperation in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative
Astapov E.A. Doctrinal Basis of Foreign Policy of the Great Britain in the European Region
Karkin A.S. The Political Impact of Major Sporting Events: an Analysis of Recent Examples
Liu Jia. The Current State of Information Technology in International Political Cooperation Between China and Russia
Klimova A.S. Counter-Terrorism Strategy «Contest» in the Context of the UK Counter-Terrorism Policy in the First Quarter of the 21st Century (Part II)
Lizin D.V. The Destructive Role of the USA in the Issue of the Treaty System of Ensuring Global Security
Oschepkov E.R. Comparative Analysis of Japan's National Security Strategies 2013 and 2022: Causes, Course, and Outcomes of the Evolution from Autonomy and Cooperation to Dependence and Remilitarization
Fomkin F.S. The Problem of the "Brain Drain" from Russian Science and the Policy of Overcoming it: a Comparison with the Experience of Israel and China
Kozhemyakov S.A. The Genesis of China's "Ecological Civilization": from "Environmental Protection" to a Universal and Global Strategy
REVIEWS
Slizovsky D.E., Medvedev N.P. The State of Post-Seculariity of Russian Society Cannot be Measured Only by Statistics (Review of the Article by A.L. Sin "Post-Secularity of Russian Society: Conceptual and Theoretical Understanding of the Causes of the Phenomenon")
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.001
N.I. BONDARENKO Postgraduated student of the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Faculty of Philosophy, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE ORIGINS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL-POLITICAL PERSONALISM OF N.A. BERDYAEV
In this article, the author demonstrates the origin of ideas through the analysis of connections as general philosophical constructs of N.A. Berdyaev, as well as specific philosophical-political ideas with their sources. During the analysis of Berdyaev's moral and eschatological philosophy, consideration of the philosophical-political component of his art is often lost. When analyzing the sources of the philosopher’s views, the author of the article sees the need to touch upon the philosophical-political component. Demonstration of the connection between Berdyaev’s ideas and their sources is necessary, on the one hand, in order to fully appreciate the origin and significance of the philosopher’s philosophical and political ideas, and on the other hand, to develop the study of Berdyaev’s views on a little-touched area. The author of the article does this through references to the authors by Berdyaev himself in his works, through consideration of works about Berdyaev and the origin of his philosophical ideas, through an analysis of the time and the environment in which the philosopher worked. By “origins of ideas” in this article we mean the ideas of the authors with whom N.A. Berdyaev agrees; the ideas of the authors, which Berdyaev critically analyzes and, in connection with this analysis, derives his own thought; the very life of the philosopher (historical events which influenced Berdyaev’s views), such as, for example, the idea of the need to establish strong and indestructible political power in Thomas Hobbes was influenced by the bloody events of the establishment of the dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell.
As a result of the research, the author of the article comes to the conclusion about: 1. the presence of an important role of the philosophical-political component in the philosophy of N.A. Berdyaev, which is expressed in the ideas of personalistic socialism and communitarianism; 2. the basis of the philosophical-political ideas of N.A. Berdyaev on marxism, populism, various socialist and anarchist movements and a worldview, that required the preservation of christian values.
Key words: origins of ideas, objectification, personal freedom, collectivism, personalistic socialism, communitarianism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.002
A.I. PETROPOLSKY Graduate student of study at the Russian State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF "PUBLIC POLICY"
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the main theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "Public policy". As part of the research, the article examines the theories of rational choice, group theory, and incrementalism. Purpose: to analyze theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "Public policy".
Tasks: to identify theoretical approaches existing all over the world to the definition of the concept of "public policy"; to identify specific features of rational choice theories, group theory, and incrementalism. Methods: abstraction, deduction, induction, research, description, generalization, synthesis, comparison, systematization. Results: the three most common theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of "Public policy" are considered and generally disclosed.
Conclusions: In modern realities, the participation of non-state actors in policy formation is one of the significant features of modern governance. As problems increase, there is an increasing demand in society for decision-making processes that are more transparent and inclusive, as well as the role of actors beyond the traditional state apparatus, such as business, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), increases. At the same time, the study of the theoretical foundations of such participation has both scientific novelty and practical significance, and primarily for participants in the process of developing public policy. Before starting to study theoretical approaches to the participation of non-state actors in the process of developing public policy, it is necessary to study in as much detail as possible what is meant by public policy by representatives of different world scientific schools.
Key words: Public policy, public administration, rational choice theory, group theory, incrementalism.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.003
O.E. ASCHEULOV Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Moscow, Russia
«OPERATION BAGRATION» AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE 10 STALINIST STRIKES OF 1944
This article examines Operation «Bagration» – a large-scale offensive by Soviet troops against Army Group Center on the territory of Belarus in the summer of 1944. The reasons for conducting the operation, its strategic objectives, and preparation are analyzed. The course of military actions, the role of the partisan movement, and the results of the operation are described in detail – the defeat of the largest grouping of German troops, the liberation of the territories of the Belarusian and Lithuanian SSRs, and parts of Poland. The conclusion is drawn about the strategic significance of Operation «Bagration» for the course of the Great Patriotic War and the entire Second World War.
Key words: Second World War, Great Patriotic War, Operation «Bagration», offensive in Belarus, defeat of Army Group Center.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.004
D.V. LOGVINOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Social and Political Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
NATIONALISM AND SEPARATISM IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND: L. MECHELIN (1839-1914)
There is unprecedented geopolitical tension in the modern world, fraught with conflicts between States and military-political blocs. The civilizational confrontation between the collective West and Russia, supported by Russophobic propaganda, also gives a new round. Therefore, the study of Russophobia, its roots and content is becoming particularly relevant for domestic researchers. In this context, of great interest is the falsified nature of the research of the supporter of Finnish independence, Leopold (Leo) Heinrich Stanislav Mechelin (1839-1914), who served to realize Finland’s national ambitions and demonize the image of Russia. The work uses methods of historical-bibliographic and political-textual analysis to study the positions of Finnish nationalism and separatism in the life and work of Leo Mechelin. Particular attention is paid to Russophobic narratives and political ideas that were used to legitimize Finland’s desire for independence. The result of the study is the identification of signs of Russophobic discourse, which boils down to the systematic omission of important historical documents, deliberate distortions of historical reality and falsifications in order to form a certain public opinion, a new socio-political reality.
Key words: Finnish question, Leo Mechelin, independence, Finnish Russophobia, propaganda, law.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.005
A.M. SITDIKOV Master of Historical Sciences, postgraduate student of Department of Russian History, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE COMBAT TRAINING OF THE RED ARMY IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this study is an attempt to identify and show the evolution of views and approaches of domestic Soviet and modern historians to the analysis of the processes of combat training of the Red Army before the Great Patriotic War in 1930-1941.
The paper uses a problem-chronological method, which made it possible to conduct a specific historical study, identify patterns inherent in assessing the combat training of the Red Army for Russian historians at different historical stages, and consider the events that took place in a strict time sequence. The comparative historical method made it possible to trace and compare changes in approaches and assessments to the study of the problem at various stages of the period under review.
The Soviet stage of historiography development can be divided chronologically into two parts – studies published in the 1950s and 1960s and in the 1970s and 1980s. The majority of the authors of the works of the first stage did not set themselves the task of a full-fledged analysis of the processes of combat training of the Red Army in the 1930s. and, accordingly, practically no attention was paid to this problem in research. To a greater extent, the authors sought to assess the influence of party and state bodies on the process of building and improving the combat capability of the army in the pre-war period. At the second stage of the development of Soviet historiography, more works were already published on the system of higher military education and training of reserve officers, as well as personnel issues. At the same time, the issues of combat training continued to be studied in fragments.
Modern Russian historiography on the topic was actively developed in the 1990s. There has been a tendency in the works to assess the combat readiness of the Red Army in the pre-war period through the prism of the influence of repression, and in most studies this factor is considered as one of the main and had a negative impact on the state of the Red Army. Moreover, against the background of the introduction of a large number of archival sources into scientific circulation, the volume of work analyzing various aspects of combat training, as well as personnel issues, has significantly increased. At the same time, the vast majority of published research on the topic focuses on the second half of the 1930s and especially on the training of command personnel, practically without considering the condition of the rank and file.
The author concludes that a comprehensive study of the process of combat training of the Red Army personnel in the full pre-war decade has not yet been undertaken.
Key words: Combat training, Great Patriotic War, Red Army, Russian historiography, combat effectiveness.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.006
I.A. NOVICHKOVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Vice-Rector of State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism", Moscow, Russia
D.I. YANGEZ Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. Associate Professor, Department of SE&GD, State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism", Moscow, Russia
YU.I. GAVRILINA Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics and Geodynamics, State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism", Moscow, Russia
PAGES OF THE NATIONALIST PAST IN ESTONIA'S HISTORICAL POLICY
The article examines examples of publications and documents on the participation of the Estonian population in the fighting of World War II on the side of the Third Reich. The objectivity of the conclusions is based on a comparison of a number of statements made in the context of the historical policy pursued in modern Estonia with archival documents. The author analyzes a number of statements made by falsifiers of the history of the Second World War and concludes that there is an increase in efforts to distort the historical memory of the population.
Key words: history of Estonia, Estonian nationalism, Omakaitse, collaborators, forest brothers, Finnish army, politics of memory, falsification of history, World War II, Great Patriotic War.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.007
A.V. MAKAROV Postgraduate student, Administrator of the educational program “Internal Policy and Leadership” at the Institute for State and Municipal Management of the RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Moscow, Russia
V.V. SALETSKOV Student of the educational program “Internal Policy and Leadership” at the Institute for State and Municipal Management of the RANEPA (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration), Moscow, Russia
L.N. GUMILEV'S PASSIONATE THEORY OF ETHNOGENESIS THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE INTERESTS OF POWER AND THE PRINCIPLE OF “SERVICE”
This study aims to explore the issues of power motivation. The authors examine the correlation between the motives for power and the desire to "serve" through the lens of L.N. Gumilyov's passionate ethnogenesis theory. The article discusses the semantic and etymological analysis of these concepts. The study identifies categories based on interest groups in power and characterizes the interrelationships and distinguishing features of the studied concepts.
Key words: "learning through service," motives for power, passionarity, passionate motivation for power, self-assertion motive based on feeling one's utility, interest groups in power.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.008
M.M. VANTEEVSKY Junior Researcher, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, INION RAN, Moscow, Russia; Junior Researcher, Youth Research Laboratory, INTI, Donetsk, Russia
CONTEMPORARY DYSTOPIA AS A DOMINANT TREND OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION IN RUSSIAN MASS CULTURE
This article examines the dystopian trend in Russian popular culture using statistical data as an example. The purpose of this article is to analyze the constructive and predictive potential of works of fiction by Russian writers, as well as to consider further pragmatics: ideological features of the interpretation of modern dystopias and correlations with socio-political events. As a result of the study, the main platforms for broadcasting dystopian narratives in the book industry were identified, the popularity of both classics of the genre and modern dystopian writers was shown. This article also analyzes the convergent potential of literary dystopian works, which later become the basis for creating screen adaptations in the cinema, theater and gaming industries: by decoding the sign systems of a work of fiction, the audience forms its own "average version", which can claim the role of both individual and mass political ideology. Thus, within the framework of this study, the semantic and instrumental basis of the anti-utopian trend is considered, the main methods of transmitting ideas in the sphere of mass culture are highlighted, and the main actors involved in the process of forming ideological and value models of negative utopia are analyzed. In addition, in accordance with the results of the study, it can be assumed that modern anti-utopia is the center of the social process and can be considered both a political representation of modernity and an understanding of the possibilities of constructing different scenarios of the Future.
Key words: anti-utopia, heterotopia, dystopia, mass culture, political ideology, political representation.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.009
D.A. KORNEEV Postgraduate student at the Omsk Humanitarian Academy; List and Information Specialist in the Directorate for Participant Relations at the Roscongress Foundation, Omsk, Russia
RUSSIA IS A WELFARE STATE
This article examines the problems of modern social policy of the Russian Federation, its legal framework, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. The author sets himself the goal of establishing whether the Russian Federation at the present stage of its development is a social state. Based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author explores the concept of "welfare state", establishes its characteristic features in the context of Russian social policy. At the same time, relying on the statements of the Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building A. Klishas, the author establishes one of the most important functions of the welfare state. The article also provides statistical data from Rosstat and information from some social surveys that make it possible to match the actual indicators of Russia's social policy with the criteria of a welfare state. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the Russian Federation is de jure a social state, but in fact, an indefinite amount of time is still needed to reduce and subsequently eliminate all negative aspects. In addition, the author found that at the moment, clear positive trends are observed in the social policy of the Russian Federation, which are manifested in the constant increase in social payments, as well as in the presence of full legal protection of the social rights and opportunities of the population. In the course of the research, methods of statistical data analysis, comparison, as well as deduction and induction techniques were used.
Key words: welfare state, Russian Federation, Constitution, Federation Council, Federal Law, social benefits, allowances.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.010
E.А. DIBROV Applicant of PhD in Political Science of the Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
TRANSFORMATION SPECIFICITY OF THE RUSSOPHOBIA PHENOMENON IN THE INFORMATION SPACE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION IN EASTERN EUROPE
The Ukrainian crisis, which began in 2014, led to a series of political changes and significant transformations of the information space in the country and the world. The central theme of the formation of the information space of Ukraine was the idea of russophobia. The purpose of this article is to study the specifics of the transformation of the phenomenon of russophobia in Ukraine. The present study is based on a wide range of textual information sources. Its methodological basis was a project approach supplemented by a civilizational analysis.
As a result of the study, it was found that the coup d’etat in Ukraine (in Kiev) in 2014 formed a geopolitical rift in the South-East of Ukraine, which, under the influence of russophobia, continues to transform the multilevel space of the Ukrainian crisis.
Key words: Ukrainian crisis, russophobia, propaganda, military-political conflict, transformation of the information space, fortifications, sanitary zone, information and communication technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.011
D.M. POGORELSKIY Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
A.I. SMIRNOV Master's Degree, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ETHNOPOLITICAL SECURITY OF THE NORTHWESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF RUSSIA IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The article presents the results of a study of topical ethnopolitical threats and challenges to Russia’s national security in the Northwestern Federal District. Based on the identified criteria that determine the specifics of the state ethnic policy’s implementation, the authors examined the current situation in the Republic of Karelia, the Komi Republic and the Kaliningrad Region. Internal and external factors were identified as threats and challenges, including the state of the all-Russian civil identity, the level of effectiveness of state and non-state actors and the activities of secessionist and anti-Russian political projects' supporters. The study shows that their performance varied widely and depended on the effectiveness of the specific regional model. The authors argue that authorities at all levels need to regularly improve the tools for implementing ethno-policy and ensuring ethnopolitical security, regardless of the successes achieved by regions and the degree of negative foreign influence.
Key words: ethno-policy, ethnopolitical security, interethnic relations, national-state identity, destabilization, the Northwestern Federal District.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.012
I.Z. KELEKHSAYEVA Post-graduate student, North Ossetian State University K.L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Republic North Ossetia Alania, Russia
TV DEBATES AS A POLITICAL TECHNOLOGY OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH OSSETIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 2022)
The article addresses the topic of the use of televised debates in the electoral technologies of the Republic of South Ossetia during the presidential elections of 2022.
Today, television is the main political means of influencing potential voters in the republic, reaching a large part of the audience throughout South Ossetia.
Traditionally, TV debates on the state-owned South Ossetian television and radio company "IR" are the most watched and popular programs that not only introduce the population to the candidates, but also allow them to make a final choice in favor of one or another candidate.
The article analyzes the televised debates of the last presidential elections in South Ossetia, which took place in 2022 and ended with the victory of the opposition candidate, the leader of the political party "Nykhas" Alan Gagloev. At the same time, it is emphasized, as in previous years, pre-election appearances on television had a decisive role in the political choice made by the electorate.
Key words: TV debates, South Ossetia, presidential elections, political technologies, electoral process.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.013
N.N. SAMSONOVA Candidate of Political Science, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Transdisciplinary Research of Cognition, Language and Social Practices, Faculty of Philosophy, Tomsk State University; Assistant of the Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE IMPACT OF CANCELLATION PRACTICES ON THE REHABILITATION PROCESS OF VICTIMS OF POLITICAL REPRESSIONS: MEMORY ASYMMETRY
The article examines the impact of cancelling practices the process of rehabilitation of victims of political repression initiated with the beginning of the dismantling of Soviet statehood. Cancel culture is considered to be a mechanism for influencing collective memory through the srtaegy of abolition. The politicized nature of cancelling of the memory of the Soviet past is noted. The author highlights such features of working with the memory of political repression as difficulties in articulating traumatic experiences, instrumentalization of trauma, selective memory, subjectivity. It is concluded that formal tools are not enough to eliminate the asymmetry of memory. Overcoming historical trauma as a gap between collective experience of a historical event and its consequences, on the one hand, and the constructed representation of this experience in public space, on the other hand, requires in-depth study not only of the "products of pronouncing trauma", but also analysis of the socio-political context in which these messages were created.
Key words: cancel culture, collective memory, historical trauma, historical identity, rehabilitation of victims of political repression, post-traumatic narrative.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.014
A.I. SERAVIN Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
ON MODELING POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
The article analyzes the tasks of modeling political campaigns, reveals the importance of digital technologies and digital platforms in organizing and conducting political campaigns. The article analyzes the possible risks and manipulations of using digital platforms and social networks. The article concludes that it is necessary to improve digital literacy and educate citizens about the political and psychological impact of networks and platforms on the political process.
Key words: political campaign, political participation, elections, electoral process, digital environment.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.015
N.V. ARTEMYEV Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of «Administrative Law» FGKOU VO «Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot», Professor of the Department of «Management» CHOU VO «Moscow University named after S.Yu. Witte», professor of the Department of «Economics» ANO VO «Institute of International Relations economic relations», Moscow, Russia
A.V. NOVIKOV Ph.D., Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting, Analysis and Finance of the Volga State University of Water Transport (VGUVT), Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of Enterprises and Organizations of the Lobachevsky National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University (NNSU), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
O.S. GOLTSEVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Arts, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
A.L. ZOLKIN Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (PGUTY), Samara, Russia
S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky»; Researcher, Research Laboratory Moscow Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia
URBAN ENVIRONMENT SAFETY BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SERVICES IN MODERN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Introduction: Ensuring the safety of the urban environment is a strategic direction for the functioning of the municipal management system, as it allows creating the most comfortable living conditions for the population while minimizing social tension. In the current socio-economic situation, information technology is a key tool for increasing the level of urban environment safety. An additional driver of the digital transformation of the urban space was the pandemic caused by the covid-19 virus, which required the use of remote forms of social security, doing business and providing municipal services in the context of the most difficult sanitary and epidemiological situation. In recent years, the level of intensification of the domestic information technology market has grown significantly, which expands the possibilities and prospects for creating a Russian digital ecosystem. The presence of a sufficiently large list of stabilizing system-forming factors should serve as an argument for increasing the dynamics and scale of digitalization of the urban space. The purpose of the work is to study the problems of ensuring the safety of the urban environment based on the integration of multifunctional digital services. Research results: in the article, the authors substantiate the relevance of the expanded use of digital services to increase the safety of the living space of the population, including through the implementation of the «smart city» concept and the use of the communication capabilities of the SDGs.
Key words: urban environment, security, digital transformation, electronic municipality, «smart city», information technology, urban management.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.016
S.A. STARUSHKO Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Analysis of the Faculty of Public Administration of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
LATENT MECHANISMS FOR THE FORMATION OF STATE STRATEGIES
Before state strategies are formalized in various public documents that set the trajectory for social development, their substantive content undergoes careful preliminary coordination. During this process, public and latent players who are part of the ruling elite, through communicative interaction and following their own internal logic, can determine which goals will be public and which will remain hidden from public attention. The logic of the ruling elite inevitably structures the entire spectrum of socio-economic relations in any country in the world.
Focusing on the preliminary stage of coordinating the substantive content of state strategies, the author primarily concentrates on examining the main mechanisms of their formation. While public mechanisms for forming state strategies are relatively well-studied in modern science, hidden mechanisms require additional theoretical investigation. In this article, theoretical foundations of hidden mechanisms in the formation of state strategies are primarily outlined. To achieve this, the location of latent mechanisms was identified, and their characteristics and main sources of formation were described. As a result, criteria for assessing the formation of latent mechanisms in state strategies were developed.
Key words: government strategies, latent mechanisms, intra-elite coalitions, political networks, informal communications.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.017
A.O. SAFINA Master's student, state and municipal management/management of education systems, Institute of Social and Humanitarian Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MPGU", Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
The management of educational institutions, the quality of education, and the shortage of certified teachers are problems that have been worrying not only Russian citizens for years, who personally face shortcomings and gaps in the education system, but also the government of the Russian Federation represented by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Directly dependent on the quality of management of educational systems is their ability to adapt to the changing demographic situation and effectively respond to the challenges associated with a decrease in the number of young people and an increase in the proportion of the elderly population.
The study analyzes the management of Russia's educational systems in the context of demographic changes characterized by a decrease in the number of young people and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. According to Rosstat, from 2010 to 2023, the population aged 0 to 17 years decreased by 2%, and the proportion of people over working age increased by 5%, which creates new challenges for the educational system. The main attention is paid to the issues of changing the number of students, the shortage of young professionals and ensuring access to education in remote regions. For the study, methods of analyzing statistical data, including Rosstat data on demographic changes, as well as literature reviews on management problems in the context of the demographic crisis were used. Forecasts of the demographic situation in Russia and an analysis of the experience of other countries were also taken into account. Digitalization, expansion of distance education and optimization of resources are proposed as promising areas, which makes it possible to ensure more sustainable management of educational institutions and increase the accessibility and quality of education against the background of the demographic crisis.
Key words: education management, demographic changes, digitalization, accessibility of education, educational systems of Russia, demographic crisis.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.018
S.S. ABDURAKHMANOV PhD student in political science Department of “Political Science” National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCE OF LOCAL COUNCILS IN THE LEGAL NORMS OF UZBEKISTAN
In this article, the dynamics of the development of the competence of local councils in the legal norms of Uzbekistan in the period from 1992 to 2024 is analyzed and examined in detail in order to increase the number of powers within the framework of 10 laws and sectors.
Key words: local council, political institution, conceptual framework, legal document, local budget, local taxes and fees, local deputies, control, governor, court, local justice bodies, land relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.019
O.A. EVREEVA Сandidate of рhilosophy, assistant professor, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
G.N. KUZMENKO Doctor of рhilosophy, professor, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
THE FACTOR OF ACTIVITY OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SOCIAL POLICY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT (LEGAL ASPECT)
The quality of life of the population is directly related to the effective social policy of the local authorities. Such a policy requires close cooperation of local governments with public associations, primarily with socially oriented non-profit organizations. The assessment of the importance of social problems facing the population is adequately reflected in the clearly expressed priorities of the activities of domestic non-profit organizations. The presented research results showed that this is, first of all, comprehensive support for socially vulnerable segments of the population: orphans, the elderly, the disabled, single-parent families, various categories of low-income citizens, etc. Further, prevention and rehabilitation in the field of healthcare, as well as topical issues in the field of education. The rest of the range of social policy directions is mostly on the periphery of the attention of domestic non-profit organizations.
This fact changes the well-established idea that local non-profit organizations should play a supporting role, covering secondary areas and allowing local authorities to focus on solving key tasks of social policy.
Improving the legal framework, first of all, the Federal Law "On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" dated 06.10.2003 No. 131 and the Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations" dated 12.01.1996 No. 7, requires taking into account the corrective factor of the activities of non-profit organizations in the social policy of local government.
Key words: Social policy, authorities, local government, non-profit organization, legislation.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.020
I.V. MANEEV Colonel, PhD in Philosophy, Senior Lecturer at the of the National Guard Military-Political Work Department, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
A.V. BRAGIN Major, student at the Faculty of National Guard, Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
N.I. KURBANOV Research Intern at the Center for Spatial Analysis of International Studies of the Institute of International Studies, Master's student at the Faculty of International Relations, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
A.N. BARANOV Research intern at the Center for Eurasian Studies of the Institute of International Studies, master's student at the Faculty of International Relations, MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia
DENAZIFICATION OF EAST GERMANY IN 1945-1949 AS A MODEL FOR WORKING WITH PUBLIC OPINION IN THE LIBERATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE
The institutionalized nature of the nationalism of modern Ukrainian statehood poses an extremely responsible task for the Russian Federation to denazify public opinion in the liberated territories. However, analyzing the already existing domestic experience of denazification of the Soviet zone of occupation of Germany (East Germany) will significantly simplify this process in the current realities. Domestic studies pay little attention to public opinion; more research interest is in the so-called ‘soft power’, a concept developed in the United States. In the current study, the authors analyzed the activities of the propaganda department of the Soviet military administration of Germany to identify the most effective measures used in working with public opinion in the occupation zone. The main methodological basis was the studies of P. Sorokin, W. Lippmann and E. Bernays. Key aspects of the Russian Federation's activities in dealing with the population of new regions, in the context of new cognitive threats and methods of cognitive warfare were also considered. The authors of this study managed to identify the pain points and merits of the Russian Federation's current activities to minimize anti-Russian sentiments.
Key words: Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Nazism, Special Military Operation, Public Opinion.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.021
E.A. ROMASHINA Master's student at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Academic supervisor: K.I. Kozhukhova PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY OF CHINA IN WORLD POLITICS
The article examines the growing role of the People's Republic of China and the strengthening of its position in the status of a world power, caused, first of all, by the changing world geopolitics. The interest of the world community in cooperation with China, its strategic directions and initiatives, only emphasizes the importance of studying and identifying the main mechanisms of interaction with other participants in international relations, as well as analyzing the strategy aimed at the future.
Key words: China, Russia, USA, geopolitical strategy, UN, international organizations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.022
XUE XIAOHAN Graduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Моscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Моscow, Russia
ROLE OFCENTRAL ASIA IN EURASIAN INTEGRATION
Central Asia lies at the centre of the Russia-India-China strategic triangle. Throughout history, since the collapse of the Soviet Union to the present day, the Central Asian countries have been actively involved in the integration policy of the Eurasian continent. The authors divide the Eurasian integration process in the five Central Asian countries into three stages: the developing decade, the geopolitical prominence and today the fragmentation and integration of the integration process. The author points out the fact that the Central Asian policies of the major powers are adjusting in response to the changing global situation. There has been a proliferation of Eurasian integration policies centred on the Central Asian region, and the great power game has intensified. This has been accompanied by the establishment of a succession of international organisations centred on individual countries, which are intertwined and seek to play a role and expand their influence in various spheres. Today, the Central Asian States are making use of their advantages and actively engaging and cooperating with extraterritorial States and organisations using a diversified and balanced foreign policy, in the hope of reducing the external risks posed by the intensification of geopolitical confrontation and of charting a new course of development. While the Central Asian countries are receiving more attention, they are also facing the risk of more choices, and the main mechanisms of international cooperation in Eurasia are still fraught with uncertainty.
Key words: Central Asia, Eurasian integration, multilateral balanced diplomacy, Russia, China, and the United States.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.023
N.N. OSKIN Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Center (Expert and Analytical) of the Military Institute (National Defense Management) of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
A.V. SHALAMOV Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and Foreign Regional Studies at the Higher School of International Relations and World Politics of the Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N.A. Dobrolyubov, Candidate of Political Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
V.A. ULITSKY Senior Researcher at the Scientific Research Center (Expert and Analytical) of the Military Institute (National Defense Management) of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
THE EXPERIENCE OF AMERICAN ANALYTICAL CENTER IN THE INTERESTS OF THE MILITARY-POLITICAL LEADERSHIP THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The article considers the organization of analytical work on the assessment of the international and military-political situation in the interests of the president, administration, Congress, Senate and the US military department. The analysis of the activities of analytical units of the military department, the intelligence community, non-governmental "think tanks" is carried out, examples of the implementation of prepared analytical solutions are given. The article notes that analytical organizations are gradually becoming a key component of the state system – they not only develop methods of internal and external state policy, methods of countering symmetrical and asymmetric threats, policies to promote national interests at the international level, but also work on building models for the long-term development of the world community (in accordance with the vision of American elites). Predicting the future, analytical centers in a sense influence its formation, because by making forecasts and developing possible scenarios for the development of the military-political situation, they prepare the United States for possible developments, develop necessary actions and preventive mechanisms, inevitably changing the development and possible consequences of world processes.
The purpose of the article is to identify positive aspects in the work of American analytical centers for their use in domestic analytical structures.
Key words: analytical work, analytical centers, military-political situation, geopolitics, international situation, national security, intelligence community, strategic planning, «thought factories».
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.024
N.D. RUCHKIN Student, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Higher School of International Relations, Saint Petersburg, Russia
N.S. IVANNIKOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Associate Professor, Saint Petersburg, Russia
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE LEFT-WING AND RIGHT-WING POPULISTS IN LAST GERMAN ELECTIONS
The rise of populism in Europe has been the subject for research of many scholars. But in 2023, Germany saw the emergence of a new political player, the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance, which took the position of the left-populism – as opposed to the right-populist Alternative for Germany. Both populist parties gained a large amount of support in the elections held in early September 2024. Thus, most of the parliamentary seats were divided between the two politically opposite parties. The aim of the study is to determine whether the increasing popularity of populist parties in the elections in Thuringia and Saxony is a pattern for the whole of Germany or a trend for the eastern states. For this purpose, the authors compare the positions of the parties with polls at the state and federal levels. The paper analyzes the options for government coalitions and the implications of these elections for the future of German parties and local parliaments. In research official election results, news articles, and data from German statistical agencies were used. The study concluded on the significance of populist parties in the current stage of German political life.
Key words: populism, political parties, Alternative for Germany, The Left, Sarah Wagenknecht Alliance, Germany, Saxony, Thuringia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.025
E.R. BELOKOZ Postgraduate student of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN STATE POLICY IN MODERN THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The article is devoted to the study of the main modern theories of international relations, such as political idealism, realism, modernism, transnationalism and neo-marxism, on the role of religion and the institution of the church in politics. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that in modern conditions in which the mutual influence of the institution of church and state is increasing. The church and religion are becoming politicized. Various church organizations influence the politics of states, which means they can not only provide a basis for the peaceful existence of people, but also bring a number of threats to the national and international security of countries. The importance of the church and religion is considered through modern concepts of the theory of international relations. The study analyzed the views of representatives of political idealism, realism, modernism, transnationalism and neo-marxism on the importance of the religious factor in the politics of countries. In addition, the issue of the independence of the church and religion from the state is being raised. It also emphasized that (in particular for political realism) the institution of the church is a powerful tool of state power, as well as a means to justify the existing world order. Besides that, religious principles can become a source for achieving peace and cooperation between States. Special attention paid to the study of Catholic Modernism, the concept of which was created to reform traditional church teachings so that religion and science could exist together. Also in this study, religion is analyzed through the concept of "soft power and substantiates how religious teachings influenced the development of capitalism. As a result, it concluded that religion is an important element of the development of human history, which forms moral norms and values, which contributes to social cohesion. Furthermore, religion is a form of soft power in politics, as it contributes to the formation of public opinion, which affects political processes. Religion can also justify social inequality and become a tool in the hands of politicians to control the masses. Raising the issue of the independence of the church and religion from the state, we can say that the concepts we have studied, almost all except political realism, support the idea that the church and the state should have a separate relationship in order to avoid violations of human rights and freedoms.
Key words: political realism, idealism, catholic modernism, encyclical, transnationalism, neo-marxism, globalization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.026
K.A. VINOGRADOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; Project Administrator of JSC Rosatom Energy Projects, Moscow, Russia
THE INFLUENCE OF THIRD COUNTRIES ON THE ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY
The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of third countries (the USA, the EU, Middle Eastern countries, including Iran, and China) on energy cooperation between Russia and Turkey, to identify problems and risks, and to develop ways to strengthen it. The research methods include analyzing the political and economic actions of third countries affecting Russian-Turkish cooperation, studying anti-Russian sanctions and their impact on energy projects, and using diplomatic tools to address emerging issues. The results show that third countries have a significant influence on relations between Russia and Turkey: pressure from Western countries has led to a reduction in energy supplies. At the same time, projects for the construction of nuclear power plants and the creation of a gas hub are strengthening the partnership. The conclusions highlight the importance of continuing joint efforts in the energy sector, despite external pressure, through the development of dialogue, the implementation of joint projects, and the expansion of economic cooperation.
Key words: energy cooperation, Russia, Turkey, energy security, oil and gas sector, nuclear energy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.027
S.V. GONCHAROV Student of the Faculty of International Relations of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia
PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION OF THE TURKISH EXPATRIATE COMMUNITY INTO GERMAN SOCIETY
The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to the problems of integration of the Turkish expatriate community into German society and the peculiarities of its formation. In addition, the purpose of this article is to analyze Germany's migration policy during the Cold War and at the present stage. The challenges that Germany has to face due to the mistakes of the past are considered. There are a number of bilateral agreements which stipulate measures to attract new labor forces to maintain stable population growth among young people in Germany. Moreover, the problem of obtaining higher and even secondary education for representatives of Turkish immigration in connection with the influence of the confessional factor is considered, and the problem of national identity of «German Turks» is analyzed. At the same time, examples of Turkish immigrants who have achieved advancement up the career ladder away from their country are given. Alexander E. Nadezhdin, First Secretary of the Personnel Department of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Candidate of Political Sciences, suggests one of the ways to solve the problem of integrating «German Turks» into German society. In his opinion, it is sports activities that could solve the problem and overcome social isolation. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that both the will and desire must be from state structures and the «German Turks». In addition, the German political leadership needs to learn the lessons of the past in order to prevent forever or at least avoid further division and contradictions in German society.
Key words: integration, «German Turks», Turkish expatriate community, German migration policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.028
V.V. DELOV PhD of political sciences, associate professor department of history and theory of politics, faculty of political science, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE TURKISH WORLD FACTOR IN THE POLICY OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC
The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Republic of Turkey in promoting the topical issue of integration of post-Soviet «Turkic republics» into one cultural and political coalition, as well as the manifestation of the increasing influence of the «Turkic factor» in modern international relations of the Republic of Turkey in the South Caucasus. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, starting in the 90s of the 20th century, talks intensified about the creation of an international political organization that could unite independent Turkic states into a single space, and in the future, perhaps even a state. The Turkish authorities have made great efforts to replace the political and cultural influence of Russia in the southern belt of border Turkic states, thus influencing their cultural and political code for unification into one fraternal union, while outlining a central role for themselves in the integration process. In this regard, new relationships have been established, which have become formalized through conferences and round tables, delegation exchanges, summits of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking Countries, kurultais, Parliamentary Assemblies of Turkic Speaking Countries, summits of the Turkic Council, etc. [4]. In fact, we can talk about the institutionalization of cooperation between the Turkic republics. The article examines the integration processes of the Turkic countries, identifies the processes accompanying integration, defines the «Turkic Four» as a group of countries most interested in integration, and examines countries with an uncertain position on the union of Turkic states.
Key words: Turkic world, Organization of Turkic States, Central Asia, Turkic republics, Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Turkey, South Caucasus, Interparliamentary Assembly of Turkic Speaking States, Turkic Council, "Turkic Four".
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.029
GU QIANWEI Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH ON CHINA-CEE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
This article is devoted to a review of modern research by Russian and foreign authors on cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. The purpose of the article is to analyze a number of publications by modern political scientists and analysts on cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set, which were successfully solved in the process of working on the article: briefly describe the features of the Belt and Road initiative, consider the main directions of relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe within the framework of the Belt and Road, analyze the problematic issues raised by researchers of relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. To draw conclusions about the most promising research issues in this area. The main research methods were the following: analysis of modern publications on the research topic, comparative analysis, retrospective analysis, as well as the method of generalizations. The result of the study was a range of issues of the greatest interest to analysts studying the relationship between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of the Belt and Road initiative. It was concluded that the most significant issues of cooperation between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the context of the Belt and Road initiative include the following: the format of relations between China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; the main projects implemented within the framework of the Belt and Road initiative in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe with the participation of China.
Key words: initiative, Central and Eastern European countries, China, participation, analysis, cooperation, interaction, project.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.030
E.A. ASTAPOV Master's student at Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Academic supervisor: K.B. Bozhik PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science, IIR and SPS, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
DOCTRINAL BASIS OF FOREIGN POLICY OF THE GREAT BRITAIN IN THE EUROPEAN REGION
The article analyzes the current state of the doctrinal Basis that defines the foundations of the United Kingdom's foreign policy in the European region. The purpose of the work is to identify the most significant foreign policy aspirations of London in this area, as well as the principles, threats and methods of achieving the country's foreign policy goals in Europe. The methodological basis of the Work is the content analysis method, which was used to analyze the doctrinal documents of the United Kingdom.
Key words: Great Britain, United Kingdom, foreign policy, Global Britain in a сompetitive age, Defence in a competitive age.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.031
A.S. KARKIN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Processes Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
THE POLITICAL IMPACT OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF RECENT EXAMPLES
The article examines the political impact of major international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games and World Championships, on the host countries. These events play a significant role not only in demonstrating sporting achievements, but also as powerful tools influencing the political landscape, image and social stability of the host countries.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of major sporting events on the political landscape of the host countries in recent years.
The research is based on comparative analysis and case-stage methods, which allows us to study specific examples of major sporting events. The analysis includes events such as the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, the 2021 Tokyo Summer Olympics and the 2022 Qatar World Cup, and the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
An analysis of examples of recent major sporting events shows that such events have a significant impact on the geopolitical landscape of the host countries. With their help, States can demonstrate their power, improve their international image, strengthen domestic patriotism and even solve diplomatic problems. However, such events can also reveal internal problems and lead to international criticism, which will also be discussed in this article.
The conclusions emphasize that the success of using major sporting events as a political tool depends on the ability of countries to balance foreign policy ambitions and domestic challenges, maintaining a positive international image and social stability.
Key words: politics, Olympic Games, World Cup, international image, soft power tool.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.032
LIU JIA Postgraduate student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kazan Federal University", Kazan, Russia
THE CURRENT STATE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA
In China's foreign relations, Russia occupies an indisputably important position and has a noticeable strategic implication. These strategic cooperative relationships play an important balancing role in shifting the center of gravity away from the most developed countries of the West and developing a multipolar world. The Russian Federation is not only the country with the largest territory and the strongest military and technological power in the world, but also the largest neighbor of the People's Republic of China. For China and Russia, this cooperation is of great importance for maintaining security and economic development. For more than ten years, thanks to the joint development of the governments and peoples of the two countries, the bilateral relations between China and Russia have reached their best period in history, characterized by unprecedented success in the development of both sides. During this period, an expanded paradigm of cooperation was developed, ensuring access to the trajectory of sustainable development.
The level of political understanding between the two countries is increasing, and efforts for practical cooperation are expanding. Moreover, friendly relations and mutual understanding between the populations of these States are steadily strengthening.
The development of Sino-Russian relations has brought tangible benefits to the two countries and their peoples and has become a model of relations between neighboring countries and major powers. Therefore, the preservation and development of a more stable and mature strategic partnership between China and Russia not only corresponds to the fundamental interests of the two peoples, but is also the basic norm that must be followed when solving new situations of problems that arise in the future.
Key words: international cooperation, politics, information technology, China, Russia, conflicts.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.033
A.S. KLIMOVA PhD student, Lomonosov Moscow State University, faculty of World Politics. Moscow, Russia
COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGY «CONTEST» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UK COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 21ST CENTURY PART II
The article considers the evolution of the UK main government document in the field of countering the terrorist threat – the counter-terrorism strategy «Contest» from 2003 to the present. The relevance of the research is determined by the significance of this strategy in ensuring the national security of Great Britain as one of the world's leading powers in the fight against terrorism. The purpose of the article is to critically assess the results of the directions included in the Contest strategy: the «4Ps», the «Prevent» counter-extremism program, the «Channel» interdepartmental search and support program for persons at risk of radicalization. In addition, the achievements and shortcomings of the strategy in the fight against the growing number of cyberattacks in recent years are highlighted.
Since the publication of the first version in 2003, the UK counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», which contains long-term systemic counter extremism measures, has undergone significant changes. Despite the achievements, «Contest» has shown a number of contradictory, insufficient results and needs to be updated, which is confirmed by British authorities. The «Prevent» program is invariably criticized publicly for securitizing society, stigmatizing British Muslims, restricting freedom of speech. The problem is compounded by a number of existing and new terrorist threats, fragmentation of the extremist groups, a significant acceleration in the preparation of terrorist attacks, lack of a systematic assessment of terrorist attack risks. In addition, the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and Brexit raise concerns. Accordingly, the analysis of the «Contest» strategy allows drawing conclusions regarding its effectiveness and outlining the short – and medium-term prospects for its development.
Key words: UK, national security, terrorism, counter-terrorism strategy «Contest», «4Ps», «Prevent» program, «Channel» program, extremism, cyberterrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.034
D.V. LIZIN MSLU Master's student in the direction of "Strategic design in politics" of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia
Academic supervisor: S.G. Kiselev Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Professor of the Department of International Security and Foreign Policy Activity of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
THE DESTRUCTIVE ROLE OF THE USA IN THE ISSUE OF THE TREATY SYSTEM OF ENSURING GLOBAL SECURITY
The article examines the role of the USA in the destruction of the international treaty-legal framework between the Russian Federation and the USA in the field of armaments since the beginning of the 21st century. The author examines the key Russian-American documents in the field of limitation, control and non-proliferation of weapons and military technologies. An analysis of the actions of the United States that undermine the state of global security and the results obtained as a result is conducted.
Key words: global security, United States of America, Russia.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.035
E.R. OSCHEPKOV Researcher in Asia Studies and International Relations, Faculty of World Economics and World Politics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JAPAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES 2013 AND 2022: CAUSES, COURSE, AND OUTCOMES OF THE EVOLUTION FROM AUTONOMY AND COOPERATION TO DEPENDENCE AND REMILITARIZATION
The National Security Strategy is the main document that allows assessing the consistent approach of the state to the implementation of military-strategic policy. The 2013 NSS was the first document of this format in the entire postwar period. On its pages Japan is presented as independent, relatively peace-loving and ready for dialogue with its neighbors. The fact of stability in negotiations with the Russian Federation and China is stated, and a greater degree of independence is also observed. Japan's updated national security strategy, adopted in December 2022, reflected other political realities: The Ukraine crisis and the Special Military Operation, the Sino-U.S. trade wars, the strengthening of the Sino-Russian partnership, and the general increase in tensions in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan took a more pronounced course toward demonizing Russia and China, and began to sharply increase its military capabilities. Both the 2013 NSS and the 2022 NSS are subjected to content and discourse analysis, and then comparatively analyzed to identify similarities and differences. Conclusions are drawn about a number of characteristics inherent in the Japanese state's security strategy from 2013 to 2022 that suggest Japan's new ambitions in the region as well as its role in the global confrontation between Western countries and non-Western countries, especially Russia and China.
Key words: Japan, Russia, China, USA, Strategy, Security, National Security Strategy, Russian-Japanese relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.036
F.S. FOMKIN Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
THE PROBLEM OF THE "BRAIN DRAIN" FROM RUSSIAN SCIENCE AND THE POLICY OF OVERCOMING IT: A COMPARISON WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF ISRAEL AND CHINA
The problem of “brain drain” is a long-standing disease of Russian science, significantly affecting its development and global competitiveness. After an unprecedented wave of sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022, this problem has once again worsened, leading to a new wave of emigration of scientists. This article analyzes the extent of the current brain drain and compares it to the substantial outflow of scientific personnel observed in the late 1980s and 1990s. The article also examines the extent of the brain drain in Israel and China and analyzes the strategies these countries have employed to reduce the outflow of highly skilled professionals. By comparing the approaches of Israel, China and Russia to combat the brain drain, this article provides insight into the effectiveness of the various measures and offers recommendations for addressing the brain drain problem in Russia.
Key words: science, brain drain, Russia, Israel, China.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.037
S.A. KOZHEMYAKOV Postgraduate student, Institute of Ecology, RUDN University, Department of Environmental Safety and Product Quality Management; Chairman of the Council of Young Scientists of the Institute of Ecology of the People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
THE GENESIS OF CHINA'S "ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION": FROM "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION" TO A UNIVERSAL AND GLOBAL STRATEGY
Global changes in the state of the biosphere, whether natural (cyclical) or anthropogenic (as a result of the multifactorial impact of man on the environment) have acquired an unprecedented scale. In theoretical terms, today we are talking about changes in the entire integral biosphere-social construct of the planet (and climate shifts are only the most visible part of this problem). However, today human civilization is still in the process of developing a single conceptual apparatus, as well as an effective mechanism for responding to these global challenges. The main goal of the article is to consider the dynamics of the evolution of the environmental discourse of modern China, which has identified itself in the last decade as an “ecological civilization” from the axiological and civilizational points of view. Philosophical, ideological and political economic paradigms were identified, which were laid in the basis of modern Chinese doctrines of the harmonious coexistence of man and nature (“Community of a common destiny for mankind”, “Unity of heaven and man”, etc.). These basic provisions are reflected both in the domestic policy documents and doctrines of the PRC, concerning strategic planning and regulation of the new environmental strategy of China, and in official foreign policy positions. In this regard, an attempt was also made to assess the practical role of the largest Chinese political and economic regional projects (One Belt, One Road, Green Belt of the Silk Road) in the formation of a new, unified environmental "coordinate system" in value and practical terms in the "Greater Eurasia" space (the Russian side has already attempted to find points of conjugation here).
Key words: China, Confucianism and ecology, ecological civilization, ecological culture and strategy, industrial modernization and ecology, CPC, SCO.
REVIEWS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2024.111.11.038
D.E. SLIZOVSKY Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of Russia RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russia
N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Editor-in-Chief of the Publishing House "Science Today", Moscow, Russia
THE STATE OF POST-SECULARIITY OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY CANNOT BE MEASURED ONLY BY STATISTICS (Review of the article by A.L. Sin "Post-secularity of Russian society: conceptual and theoretical understanding of the causes of the phenomenon")