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№ 11-2 (99-2), 2023

Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 11-2 (99-2), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Kamenskaya G.V. The Main Stages of the Evolution of Liberalism

NATIONAL HISTORY

Vlasov M.Ya. Features of the Device and Organization of Political Life and Government Practices of Nuclear Cities and Scientific Cities of the USSR

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Duan Ruoyi. Political Potential of Modern Fan Culture

Chuzhikov N.A., Nechay E.E. The Concept of Ethnic Nationalism in the Works of M.O. Menshikov

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Stepanov S.A., Ivanova E.A. Social Networks as a Field of Information Wars in Modern Politics

Smirnov N.M., Popov S.I., Novikova A.V. Methods of Analysis and Methodology in Research Activities in the Development of the Concept of the Electoral System

Kambur P.I. Migration Policy of Russia at the Present Stage and its Influence on the Sovereignty of the State

Pescherov Yu.G. Ecological Migration as a Problem: Approaches of Environmental Management and Environmental Diplomacy

Fadeeva E.A. Political Activity of Young People in Modern Russia Using Digital Technologies and its Regulation

Abduragimov Z.E. Mnemonic Actors and their Role in Shaping Ideas about Terrorism

Volkov G.V. Formation and Development of Informal Political Institutions in the Russian Federation

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Sudorgin O.A., Kovalev A.V., Nitsevich V.F. Analysis of Information Support of Anti-Corruption Policy in Modern Russia

Rudnev S.V., Nesterchuk O.A. Planning, Forecasting, Programming in the Educational Policy of the Russian Federation

Bokova E.I. Measures to Support Young Scientists at the Regional Level in Modern Russia

Broda S.B. Ways to Counter the Shadow Market of Alcohol and Alcohol as a Component of Economic Security of the RF

Vorobev D.I., Burlankov P.S., Dobrinova T.V., Novoselsky S.O., Malyukov K.V. Retrospective Assessment of State Policy for Investment Activity Management

Galieva S.I., Galieva G.M. The Special Measures Aimed at Increasing the Efficiency of State Crime Prevention Policy in Russia

Khairullin M.F., Dyshenova N.R., Novoselsky S.O., Svekolnikov P.A., Mkrtychev V.S. The Influence of the Psychology of Entrepreneurial Expectations on the Level of Business Activity in the Economy

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Maystat M.A., Javad Zeraat Peyma, Medvedev N.P. Features of Energy Relations Between Iran, Turkmenistan and Turkey: Regionalism Issues

Akimov R.H., Gajiev M.M., Magomedov A.K. From "Hierarchical Realism" to "Inclusive Globalism": Evolution of the Chinese Mega-Project "One Belt, One Road" in the Central Asian Region

Grankin V.F., Novoselsky S.O., Krasnoslobodtseva A.D., Andrusova E.E., Danilov M.V. Development of the World Economy in Conditions of Geopolitical Instability

Tereshin A.V., Kuzyakin A.G. International Law: Contemporary Challenges and American Rhetoric

Luo Dongmei, Bo Yang. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Field of Cyber Security in the XXI Century: Opportunities and Challenges

Mailov T.D. "Soft Power" as an Instrument of Foreign Policy of the Persian Gulf States

Xu Lili. Polyphony of Worldviews in the Political Culture of Ancient China Following the Chunqiu/Zhanguo Era

Unachev T.Ch. Trends and Mechanisms for Implementing Migration Policy in the Modern Geopolitical Situation: Effectiveness Assessment and Forecast

Hao Dongfang. The Military Influence of the United States on South Korea

Chzhao Dan'yan. Geopolitical Conflict and Food Security: Analyzing the Impact on China

Akopyan G.A. Energy Terrorism in the Modern World

Annenkov V.I., Moiseev A.V. US Geopolitics: Some Modern Aspects

Belkov O.A. National Interests in National Security Coordinates

Shao Jianina. Factors of Convergence of Foreign Policy Foreign Policy of the People's Republic of China and Russia in the XXI Century

STUDENT SCIENCE

Klemushina A.A., Sivogorlo I.A. The History of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China

Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A., Kostina A.D. Unilateral Restrictive Measures as a Tool in Action: the Qatar Blockade in 2017 and the "Great Firewall of China"

Chen Siru. The Role of Digital Propaganda in Russian-Ukrainian Special Military Operations

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.008

G.V. KAMENSKAYA Ph.D. (Political), Leading Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN STAGES OF THE EVOLUTION OF LIBERALISM

In works devoted to the history of liberalism, the main attention is usually paid to the formation of classical liberalism, the subsequent transition to social or progressive liberalism, its transformation into new liberalism or social liberalism, as well as modern ideas of neoliberalism with its absolutization of the free market, demands for privatization and deregulation. The emphasis is also placed on country models of liberal ideology, their conditionality by historical and cultural traditions, and the characteristics of the socio-economic development of individual countries. At the same time, the most important moment of the change from classical liberalism to postmodernism usually remains outside the brackets. The crisis of classical liberalism, primarily the departure from its humanistic principles, became a reality already at the beginning of the 20th century, but the emergence of real socialism as an alternative to the world-capitalist system within the framework of the Modernity project slowed down this process for several decades. Postmodern liberalism received its completed form only in the 70s. XX century. The turning point of the transition from classical liberalism to postmodernism in theoretical terms was the work of J. Rawls “A Theory of Justice” and the debates that followed, which revealed a new understanding of history, society and the individual, completely postmodern in nature.

Key words: liberalism, freedom, Modernity, “new liberalism”, postmodernity, theory of justice.

NATIONAL HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.001

M.Ya. VLASOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVICE AND ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL LIFE AND GOVERNMENT PRACTICES OF NUCLEAR CITIES AND SCIENTIFIC CITIES OF THE USSR

The article provides a detailed examination of the formation and operation of "atomograds" and "naukograds" in the USSR, highlighting their role as key elements of the country's scientific-technical and military infrastructure. Noting their contribution to scientific research and defense industry, the author also emphasizes how these unique cities became centers of socio-cultural development. The main objective of the research is to thoroughly dissect the mechanisms of governance in "atomograds" and "naukograds", as well as analyze the power practices and their influence on the cultural and social landscape of these cities. The study aims to demonstrate how specific historical decisions, political institutions, and social mechanisms impacted the lives of the residents. During the work, the author employs methods of historical analysis, qualitative research, and also draws on archival materials and primary sources to ensure the most comprehensive and objective understanding of the topic. This approach illuminated not only the general picture but also revealed a series of key moments and details. The research findings indicate that, despite their initial focus on scientific and military tasks, "atomograds" and "naukograds" became active participants in the country's socio-cultural life. The government, acting through various institutions and practices in these cities, shaped and directed social and cultural processes, leading to the creation of a unique socio-cultural image for each of these cities. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the "atomograds" and "naukograds" of the USSR are a vivid example of the interaction of power, science, and society under socialist state conditions. This research offers a fresh perspective on the social and political processes in the USSR, illustrating how science, technology, and power can shape public space.

Key words: Atomograds, Naukograds, USSR, Scientific-technical infrastructure, Defense industry, Socio-cultural development, Governance mechanisms, Power practices, Historical analysis, Socialist state.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.002

DUAN RUOYI Graduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL POTENTIAL OF MODERN FAN CULTURE

The article explores the role and influence of fan culture on political processes in modern society. The author views fan culture as a sociocultural phenomenon that unites people around common interests and passions based on support or devotion to a particular sports club, team or artist. The article emphasizes that fan culture is becoming increasingly politicized, and this is manifested not only in the context of sports, but also in various spheres of public life. The article draws attention to the importance of studying and understanding the political potential of modern fan culture and calls on researchers and politicians to take this phenomenon into account when studying and shaping the political environment.

Key words: fan movement, politics, social and public relations, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.003

N.A. CHUZHIKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.E. NECHAY Academic Advisor, Candidate of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF ETHNIC NATIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF M.O. MENSHIKOV

The article deals with the concept of ethnic nationalism by M.O. Menshikov, a Russian writer, publicist, politician and ideologist of the All-Russian National Union. The author describes the key postulates of Menshikov's nationalism and the conclusions that follow from them about the essence of the nation, its nature and components. The article also discusses the ideas of the Russian writer about the detrimental impact of progress on national feelings, nature and society. The author pays special attention to the ideas of social Darwinism and biological determinism, which had a direct impact on the concept of nationalism by M.O. Menshikov.

Key words: nationalism, ethnic nationalism, social Darwinism, M.O. Menshikov.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.004

S.A. STEPANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Institute of Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

E.A. IVANOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A FIELD OF INFORMATION WARS IN MODERN POLITICS

The article examines the steadily growing role of social networks as one of the most effective communication platforms in the modern information society. The authors consider the development of information and communication technologies as an integral part of society's life. Progress in the development of communication brings with it not only new opportunities and prospects, but also threats and challenges that the state will have to face. Information wars are becoming an integral part of the development of communication in the modern world, and social networks are one of the main platforms for battles. Confrontation in the information war is becoming one of the key tasks of the modern political system of many countries, including the acute one for the Russian Federation.

Key words: information wars, fake, information society, Internet, social networks, modern politics, information and communication technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.005

N.M. SMIRNOV Bachelor department of Political Analysis and Management Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Departments of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.V. NOVIKOVA Senior lecturer of part-time education, Economist, Laboratory of Sociological and Focus Group Research, Department of Sociology (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM

The article examines the relevance of methodological analyzing components and tools used to implement research activities in the field of designing an effective electoral system; examines and evaluates the effective conceptual and methodological foundations of analytical and predictive techniques in political research, taking into account the applied experience of use; highlights the range of particulars that meet the requirements of modern research in this area of practical scientific activity.

Key words: Political analysis, methodology, technique, conceptuality, analysis of political situation, electoral system, election institution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.006

N.M. SMIRNOV Bachelor department of Political Analysis and Management Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Departments of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.V. NOVIKOVA Senior lecturer of part-time education, Economist, Laboratory of Sociological and Focus Group Research, Department of Sociology (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM

The article examines the relevance of methodological analyzing components and tools used to implement research activities in the field of designing an effective electoral system; examines and evaluates the effective conceptual and methodological foundations of analytical and predictive techniques in political research, taking into account the applied experience of use; highlights the range of particulars that meet the requirements of modern research in this area of practical scientific activity.

Key words: Political analysis, methodology, technique, conceptuality, analysis of political situation, electoral system, election institution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.007

P.I. KAMBUR Master's student of the Department of Public Administration and National Security Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE

The article examines the state of migration policy in Russia at the present stage. Priority attention is paid to migrants from the CIS countries and their destructive influence on Russian society and the sovereignty of the state. As a result of the analysis of the factors of such influence, ways to improve the adaptation of migrants in our state were proposed.

Key words: migration policy, migrants, ethno-religious composition of the population, Muslims, adaptation and integration of migrants, labor market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.010

YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

ECOLOGICAL MIGRATION AS A PROBLEM: APPROACHES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY

This research article examines the issue of ecological migration in the context of global environmental change. The authors analyze modern trends in migration flows caused by ecological disasters and contribute to defining the concept of an «environmental migrant». The study identifies key determinants that promote this type of migration and offers strategies to mitigate their negative impacts based on the principles of sustainable development. The article proposes a comprehensive model for regulating processes of ecological migration, including mechanisms at the global community level, national and subnational administrative units. It also emphasizes the importance of preliminary analysis and risk assessment for an effective response to the challenges of ecological migration.

Key words: Ecological migration, migration flows, environmental migrant, sustainable development, global governance, environmental management, environmental diplomacy, preliminary analysis, migration regulation, settlement of migration crises.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.011

E.A. FADEEVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN MODERN RUSSIA USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS REGULATION

The study of the reasons for the participation of young people in political life and how young people are involved in political activities is an important issue for both developed and developing countries. Research in this area began with general trends, and then moved on to specific country factors.

Objective: This study is aimed at determining the role of digital technologies on the political activity of the younger generation.

Procedure and methods: analysis of theoretical sources on the problem of research, study of the results of surveys conducted (All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTSIOM). The data is then analyzed using the qualitative descriptive analysis method.

Findings: The results of the study show that digital channels as a form of political participation have a positive impact on the political participation of the younger generation.

Theoretical significance. The research materials can be used in solving urgent problems of involving young people in political processes. It is advisable to use research materials in educational activities in the field of political science.

Conclusions: The need to provide the younger generation with broader opportunities and responsibilities in the public sphere, as well as involvement as members of political parties or other socio-political organizations. Therefore, in order to move towards political democratization, agents of political education should be able to use digital channels to transmit ideas, actions and other political activities for the development of political education.

Key words: political activity, participation in political life, youth, digital technologies, expression of political opinion, digital environment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.012

Z.E. ABDURAGIMOV Applicant for the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MNEMONIC ACTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN SHAPING IDEAS ABOUT TERRORISM

The presented study is devoted to the question of the structure of mnemonic actors in the modern space of memory and their role in the formation of negative ideas about terrorism through the formation of a corresponding image of the past. The author constructs a universal model of memorial actors, suitable for use within any socio-political system, regardless of the local context of “memory wars”. The interaction of mnemonic actors with interest groups is traced. It is concluded that the presence of many mnemonic actors naturally determines the specifics of the implementation of policies in the field of countering terrorism through memorialization. The construction of a negative image of terrorism in a historical context cannot be carried out solely through the direct efforts of the state. Institutions of public power must also mobilize other mnemonic actors and the interest groups behind them, as well as coordinate their activities and, if necessary, provide resource support. The latter will not only ensure compliance with the principle of totality within the framework of promoting the anti-terrorist narrative, but will also allow us to significantly diversify its structure, adapting the content to the specific perception of specific groups of the target audience.

Key words: mnemonic actors, terrorism, image of the past, memory policy, memorial policy, interest groups.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.013

G.V. VOLKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Institute of Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMAL POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Based on a systems approach, the problems of the development of informal political institutions are considered as determinants of the development of the Russian political system. It has been determined that the formation of Russian statehood was carried out taking into account the high role of informal political institutions. The need to strengthen formal political institutions in order to form a stable political system in the context of international crises is becoming more urgent.

Key words: informal political institutions, political system, political processes, corruption, clientelism.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.009

O.A. SUDORGIN Dr. Political Science, Director of the Research Institute of State Policy and Management of Industrial Economy, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

A.V. KOVALEV Deputy Director of the Research Institute of State Policy and Management of Industrial Economy, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

V.F. NITSEVICH Dr. Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of the Center for Digital Economy State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA

Corruption is a serious challenge for the successful development of society and the state. It undermines trust in the Government, increases social and economic inequality, has a devastating impact on the economy, education, healthcare and other fundamental spheres of life. The key element of anti-corruption is the anti-corruption policy, which includes a set of measures and mechanisms to prevent, detect and suppress corruption manifestations. However, the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures depends not only on their development and implementation, but also on the quality of information support for anti-corruption policy.

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of information support in anti-corruption policy, the factors of its effectiveness and the main directions of development.

The research methods used in the work are system and structural-functional analysis, content analysis, as well as the normative method and methods of induction and genesis.

The article compares the concepts of "information policy" and "information support of state sectoral policies" in relation to anti-corruption, analyzes the information support of anti-corruption policy. The scientific novelty lies in the results obtained and the conclusions drawn about the existence of a correlation between quantitative and qualitative characteristics, as well as the structural and functional component of information support for anti-corruption policy and the effectiveness of its implementation. In conclusion, the authors have proposed a list of principles, following which can contribute to improving the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy.

Key words: anti-corruption policy, information policy, state sectoral policies, information support, information and communication platforms, modern Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.014

S.V. RUDNEV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

O.A. NESTERCHUK Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PLANNING, FORECASTING, PROGRAMMING IN THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of planning, forecasting and programming in Russian educational policy, to identify problematic aspects and to develop directions for their improvement. The methodology is determined by the purpose of the work and is represented by methods such as analysis, synthesis, analysis of regulatory and strategic documents. As a result of the study, problematic aspects in planning educational policy in Russia were identified. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that planning, programming and forecasting of educational policy in Russia should be long-term. First of all, the implementation of these functions lies with the highest authorities, since it is they who have full freedom of choice and authority in resolving these aspects.

Key words: education, educational policy, national project “Education”, strategic planning.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.015

E.I. BOKOVA Applicant at the Department of Political Science, Financial University, Moscow, Russia

MEASURES TO SUPPORT YOUNG SCIENTISTS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to studying the state of regional support systems for young scientists. The author comes to the conclusion that at the regional level, measures to support young researchers are not unified and exist outside the framework of a uniform system. The natural consequence is that there are significant imbalances in terms of their volume and effectiveness. The most structurally developed and resource-supported systems for supporting young researchers operate in regions characterized by a particularly significant share in the production of national GDP, a high concentration of population, educational and scientific institutions, as well as end consumers of the products of their activities in the form of government agencies and representative offices of large companies.

Key words: support measures, young scientists, grants, scholarships, regional level.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.016

S.B. BRODA Postgraduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

WAYS TO COUNTER THE SHADOW MARKET OF ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOL AS A COMPONENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RF

The article examines the basic principles of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation and carries out a comparative analysis of the definitions of its essence. It is noted that the main definitions of the category and components of economic security do not include countering the shadow economy or countering the shadow market as a special component of economic security, which should be separated into an independent category. The categories and components of economic security are summarized from the position of scientific substantiation of countering the shadow market and ways of countering the shadow market for the sale of alcohol and alcohol are determined as a direction for updating the fight against shadow politics, corruption and economic crimes. The economic nature and spread of the shadow market of alcohol and alcoholic products in the Russian Federation as an independent component of economic crimes in the context of overcoming crisis phenomena in the economy is scientifically substantiated. Separate categories of the phenomenon of modern economy are formulated: shadow economy, shadow politics, corruption, crimes in the sphere of economic activity, economic crimes. The manifestation of the shadow economy in the Russian Federation is considered from the perspective of shadow politics, corruption and crimes in the economic sphere, the phenomenon of the shadow economy at the international level in comparison with the situation in the Russian Federation. The assessments of experts and investigators of the tax police of the shadow market for the sale of alcohol and liquor products are given, confirming the amount of major damage caused to the state, and a list of such violations is summarized. Ways to counteract the shadow market of alcohol and alcoholic products are proposed from the position of scientific substantiation of the shadowization of the economy of the alcohol industry of the Russian Federation.

Key words: economic security, crime, shadow economy, alcohol market, alcoholic products, fight against economic crimes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.017

D.I. VOROBEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

P.S. BURLANKOV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

T.V. DOBRINOVA Associate Professor, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs Affairs and World Economy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

K.V. MALYUKOV Master Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF STATE POLICY FOR INVESTMENT ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT

Introduction: the article examines the short-term results of state regulation of investment activity within the framework of the economic system of the Russian Federation. The team of authors substantiates the opinion regarding the non-alternative need for state participation in investment processes, taking into account their significant correlation with economic growth and national security. In conditions of geopolitical turbulence, most economic laws lose their relevance, which requires state regulation of the investment space to build a sustainable track of growth in investment volumes, ensuring the organization of expanded production and an increase in infrastructure capabilities. Building an effective combination of direct and indirect methods of government regulation, taking into account the systemic assessment of focal indicators, creates a real opportunity to achieve stable growth in investment activity. The results of retrospective diagnostics showed the stability of the domestic investment space under external sanction pressure, which is confirmed by the positive dynamics of absolute and relative indicators of investment activity. Regionally, there is also a dominance of territories in which there is a growing track of total investment activity.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to retrospectively assess the state policy for managing investment activity. The objectives of the work are characterized by the following provisions:

– substantiate the relevance of state regulation of the investment space in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence;

– consider the key methods, forms and instruments of government participation in investment processes;

– perform diagnostics of key absolute, relative and structural indicators of investment activity in the macroeconomic and regional context.

Research results: the team of authors presented a retrospective assessment of state regulation of investment activity in the Russian Federation based on the diagnosis of the most focused absolute, relative and structural indicators. The results obtained serve as a relevant information base for characterizing the national investment background and can be applied for further theoretical research and the search for optimal practical tools.

Key words: investments, investment activity, investment space, government regulation, macroeconomics, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.018

S.I. GALIEVA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

G.M. GALIEVA Assistant professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

THE SPECIAL MEASURES AIMED AT INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STATE CRIME PREVENTION POLICY IN RUSSIA

The article proposes the author's view of the special measures which can be undertaken to increase the efficiency of state crime prevention policy. According to the author such measures may include adopting the programme&strategy document in the field of crime prevention, making use of foreign prevention practicies that have been proven efficient and inproving the crime prevention legislation. Apart from that enhancing the relations between the state bodies and the civil society organizations as well as implementing the mechanism of regional heads' responsibility for crime prevention on entrusted territories are deemed no less significant.

Key words: crime prevention, state policy, efficiency of crime prevention, special measures.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.019

M.F. KHAIRULLIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Acting dean, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

N.R. DYSHENOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology Institute of Social Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

P.A. SVEKOLNIKOV Master's student of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

V.S. MKRTYCHEV Master's student of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPECTATIONS ON THE LEVEL OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN THE ECONOMY

Introduction: the work examines current aspects of the influence of the psychology of entrepreneurial expectations on the level of business activity in the economy. Entrepreneurship is a specific type of human activity, which is based on obtaining a certain commercial success in the future, that is, the vector of entrepreneurial initiatives is always directed towards the future. The level of their business activity and the degree of readiness to accept certain risks depend on how confident business entities are in the depth of the time horizon of their development. The presence in the business environment of confidence in “tomorrow” is an important argument for increasing the intensity of commercial processes and building extended production cycles. One of the main designers of the sustainability of entrepreneurial expectations is the state, which must create a stable business environment based on the rule of law, protection of property rights, systematic administrative policies and predictability of the use of monetary instruments. The relevance of managing the entrepreneurial expectations of business entities increases many times over in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence, when it is necessary to make additional efforts to stabilize the national economic space. Lack of due attention to the psychology of the business environment provokes capital outflow, curtailment of business initiatives, and a decrease in the intensity of business processes, which together lead to economic degradation and the onset of recession. Systematic monitoring of the state of entrepreneurial expectations forms a high-quality information base for the selection of relevant management tools that ensure the stabilization of business activity.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to assess the influence of the psychology of entrepreneurial expectations on the level of business activity in the Russian economy. As part of the goal, the following tasks are set:

– highlight the key characteristics of the psychology of entrepreneurial activity;

– analyze basic indicators of the psychological climate of the domestic business environment;

– characterize the fundamental indicators of business activity in the Russian economic system in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence.

Research results: the team of authors identified the key psychological characteristics of business entities that must be taken into account when managing the business climate, and also gave them a quantitative interpretation in the current macroeconomic environment. The generalizations made based on the results of diagnostics of fundamental indicators of business activity form an up-to-date information base for making relevant decisions in the wake of correcting the commercial expectations of business structures focused on expanding the economic potential of the national system.

Key words: psychology of entrepreneurship, business activity, entrepreneurial expectations, national economy, business climate, psychological confidence of business.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.020

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

JAVAD ZERAAT PEYMA PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Tegeran, Iran

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF ENERGY RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAN, TURKMENISTAN AND TURKEY: REGIONALISM ISSUES

Turkmenistan is currently one of the key suppliers in the global natural gas market, and it is important to examine its competitive position in the world. In the past decades, Iran and Turkmenistan were reliable neighbors, but in order to expand relations and export gas to Europe through Turkey, they have faced obstacles and problems that have not been addressed in recent studies from the point of view of regionalism. This question is raised, what are the opportunities and challenges of transporting Turkmen gas from Iran and Turkey to Europe? In response to this hypothesis, it is proposed that the positive relations between Turkmenistan, Turkey and Iran and Iran's geopolitical position cause opportunities and sanctions on Iran's energy industry by the United States and Russia's monopoly on energy transmission lines cause challenges in the transmission of Turkmenistan's gas to Europe.

The author uses the regionalism theory framework of Louis Cantori and Steven Spiegel to examine the cooperation and competition of governments and combine this model with functionalism to analyze the factors of convergence and divergence in the relations of these countries. The tool for collecting information from library and internet sources and the qualitative research method is based on Peter McLaughlin's functional reasons. The results show that ECO and the Eurasian Union are the first steps of regionalism in the Eurasian region, and gas transfer is a step of regionalism for the three countries of Turkmenistan, Iran and Turkey. The improvement of the relationship between Iran and Turkey and the transfer of gas to Europe will lead to income and economic growth and convergence of these countries, but the US sanctions against Iran in the field of gas export have prevented Iran from getting rich profits.

Key words: Iran, Turkmenistan, Turkey, regionalism, energy, gas diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.021

R.H. AKIMOV Laboratory research assistant at the history laboratory regional processes at MSLU, Moscow, Russia

M.M. GAJIEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher, Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

A.K. MAGOMEDOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Chief Researcher and Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy of the Russian State Humanitarian University, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

FROM "HIERARCHICAL REALISM" TO "INCLUSIVE GLOBALISM": EVOLUTION OF THE CHINESE MEGA-PROJECT "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION

This article explores how the Chinese mega-project "One Belt, One Road" has an impact on the economy, infrastructure and local communities of Central Asian countries. The explanatory concept "hierarchical realism" is used in the work, which allowed us to get closer to a better understanding of the difficulties in the implementation of the Chinese megaproject. This concept helps us to reveal the existence of Beijing's hierarchical view of the international system, according to which China plays a much more dominant role than it is expressed in China's official rhetoric. It was the hegemonic approach of the Middle Kingdom that led to the fact that Chinese plans were met very ambiguously in the region. The authors analyze the historical turn in the implementation of the Chinese megaproject, which is associated with the implementation of the Xi'an Declaration. The pioneering nature of the decisions taken at this summit in May 2023 consisted in their humanitarian and social orientation in order to overcome Beijing's previous hierarchical view of the Central Asian region. This turn is being implemented within the framework of the potentially fruitful paradigm of "inclusive globalism" put forward by the Chinese leadership at the mature stage of its megaproject implementation.

Key words: Chinese mega-project, «Belt and Road», Central Asia, hierarchical realism, intentions, Xi'an Declaration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.022

V.F. GRANKIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Expertise and Real Estate Management, mining», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

A.D. KRASNOSLOBODTSEVA Master of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

E.E. ANDRUSOVA Master of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

M.V. DANILOV Master of the Department of Management and state municipal Government, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD ECONOMY IN CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY

Introduction: the article presents the key patterns of development of the world economy in conditions of geopolitical instability, and also examines the basic indicators characterizing Russia’s place in its structure. The team of authors concludes that it is necessary to transform the country’s socio-economic system in the context of sanctions pressure, which should be focused on achieving technological sovereignty, improving the quality of human capital and increasing corporate investment activity in the domestic market. The existing geopolitical turbulence generated conditions for significant deformations of the world economy, which are caused by radical changes in the vectors of foreign economic relations. A consequence of this kind of deformation can be considered a change in the structural and dynamic indicators of the development of the world economy, as well as key macroeconomic indicators of individual countries. The study of the fundamental indicators of the world economy allows us to form an opinion about the degree of influence of geopolitical instability on its development in conditions of imbalance of long-term systemically existing trade, economic and financial ties.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to highlight the main aspects of the development of the world economy in conditions of geopolitical turbulence based on analytical diagnostics of fundamental dynamic and structural indicators. The objectives of the study are as follows:

– reveal the essential characteristics of the world economy in the context of its evolution and subjective composition;

– perform diagnostics of the dynamics of fundamental indicators of the world economy and individual national economic systems;

– characterize the structural features of the current state of the world economy and Russia’s place in the world economic system.

Research results: the team of authors presented the results of analytical diagnostics of the development of the world economy in conditions of geopolitical instability, and also highlighted the current structural and functional indicators of Russia’s position in the world economic system. The generated information base allows a relatively objective assessment of the impact of the imbalance of systemic financial and trade communications on the transformation processes of the world economy.

Key words: world economy, geopolitical instability, Russian economy, sanctions, GDP, technological leadership, world economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.023

A.V. TERESHIN Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Master's degree, Humanitarian Institute, Department of International Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.G. KUZYAKIN Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Candidate of Political Sciences, Assistant, Humanitarian Institute, Department of International Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

INTERNATIONAL LAW: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND AMERICAN RHETORIC

This article examines the issue of the current state of international law taking into account the current geopolitical situation, as well as the current state of international relations. The issue of America's interpretation and interpretation of the concept of "international law" is investigated. The correlation and interaction of the concept of "international law" with such concepts as "rules-based order" and "the right of the strong" are analyzed. Using such documents as the U.S. National Security Strategy, the United Nations Charter, and the UN conventions as examples, an attempt is made to analyze the current state of international law. Challenges and conflicts presented by contemporary geopolitical realities and the dynamics of international relations are also examined and analyzed using current events as examples. The question of adaptation and change of international law to modern world realities is raised. The theme of relevance of flexible and balanced approach to change is touched upon, including the creation of an effective system, which will be based on dialog and cooperation of various actors of international relations, as well as taking into account modern global challenges.

Key words: rules-based order, USA, international law, conventions, right of the strong, geopolitics, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.024

LUO DONGMEI Postgraduate student at thefaculty of global studies Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

BO YANG Candidate of Philology, Professor of Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia Institute, Deputy Director of Russian Studies Center, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China

RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF CYBER SECURITY IN THE XXI CENTURY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Since the 21st century, competition between major powers in various fields has intensified, and cyberspace has turned from an originally nascent strategic field into a major battlefield. After the launch of Russia's special military operation, the Western countries led by the United States continue to strengthen sanctions against Russia, while the United States restrains and suppresses the rise of China, the relationship between Russia and the United States has reached an impasse, and the relationship between China and Russia has changed from mutually friendly to comprehensive strategic cooperation. In this paper, government reports of the United States, China and Russia, scientific articles, reports of think tanks and media reports are taken as the object of research. The author analyzes the main, problems and challenges faced by China and Russia in the field of cybersecurity cooperation by means of content analysis, comparative analysis and SWOT analysis methods, and considers the ways and methods of achieving breakthroughs in the relationship between China and Russia, which has important theoretical significance and practical significance for ensuring cyber sovereignty and protecting cybersecurity of the two countries.

Key words: cybersecurity, China-Russia cooperation, Russia-Ukraine conflict, comprehensive sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.025

T.D. MAILOV PhD student at the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

"SOFT POWER" AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY OF THE PERSIAN GULF STATES

The article analyzes a “soft power” of the Persian Gulf states as one of the key tools for the implementation of their foreign policy course. The problem of “soft power” in the theory of international relations and its significance in the foreign policy of the Gulf states is a relevant area of research, since it has not enough scientific development, moreover, there is not a single study that examines a “soft power” of all the Gulf states. This paper considers the underlying mechanisms of “soft power” used by the Gulf states to promote conservative values and religious worldviews. The purpose of the study is to examine the features of the concept of “soft power” which are used in the foreign policy activities of the Persian Gulf states.

Key words: “soft power”, Persian Gulf states, Islam, “small states”, foreign policy, GCC.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.026

XU LILI PhD student, Bishkek State University named after Karasaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

POLYPHONY OF WORLDVIEWS IN THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF ANCIENT CHINA FOLLOWING THE CHUNQIU/ZHANGUO ERA

The article examines ancient Chinese political culture in its diversity of worldviews after the Chongqiu-Zhangguo era. An analysis of the relevant terminological concepts is proposed; aspects of interaction between Legist and Confucian teachings are differentiated. The main elements of the political culture of the ancient Chinese state of that period are revealed. Scientific research methods are shown. The main ideas of political culture were formed in the 5th-3rd centuries BC. The study of the doctrines of Legalism and Confucianism made it possible to assess their role in the formation of Chinese political culture today.

Key words: ancient China, doctrine, ideology, worldview, polyphony, political culture, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Chongqiu-Zhangguo era.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.027

T.CH. UNACHEV PhD student, Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after. V.M. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS AND MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING MIGRATION POLICY IN THE MODERN GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION: EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT AND FORECAST

This article examines the importance of trends and mechanisms for the implementation of the migration policy of the Russian Federation in the context of the current geopolitical situation. The migration policy of the Russian Federation is studied from the point of view of its impact on demography, economy, social stability, and international relations. The current approaches to migration, strategies, as well as the dynamics and structure of migration flows are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the influence of the international geopolitical context on the implementation and effectiveness of Russia's migration policy. This analysis helps to see the problems and opportunities that Russia faces on the way to implementing its migration policy and suggests directions for further research and political development.

Key words: migration, migration policy, geopolitical situation, emigrants, domestic and foreign policy, labor migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.028

HAO DONGFANG Master degree, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus

THE MILITARY INFLUENCE OF THE UNITED STATES ON SOUTH KOREA

This article analyzes the history of the United States' military influence on South Korea, highlighting its key role in ensuring security and stability on the Korean Peninsula. It discusses South Korea's foreign policy strategies, aimed at collaboration with various countries, including the United States, in the context of achieving peace and prosperity. The article also emphasizes the peculiarities of internal and external factors influencing South Korea's foreign policy and its aspiration for autonomy in security matters.

Key words: South Korea, United States, military influence, foreign policy, security strategy, Korean Peninsula, collaboration, international relations, diplomatic efforts, peaceful resolution, military partnership, geopolitical dynamics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.029

CHZHAO DAN'YAN PhD Student, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICT AND FOOD SECURITY: ANALYZING THE IMPACT ON CHINA

This study examines the impact of the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine on China's food security. As the world's largest food importer, China has found itself at the epicenter of a global storm in food security triggered by this conflict. This research report analyzes the direct consequences of the conflict, including the reduction in Chinese corn supplies from Ukraine and the increased dependence of China on corn imports from the United States. Furthermore, it identifies the long-term implications of this conflict, such as the increased risk to China's food security due to unstable partnerships in food supply. The study also underscores changes in global food trade leading to a more closed system and exacerbating challenges in ensuring national food security. Additionally, it discusses the role of global financial markets and speculative capital in shaping global food prices and how this affects China.

Key words: geopolitics, food security, corn, food trade, speculative capital.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.030

G.A. AKOPYAN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ENERGY TERRORISM IN THE MODERN WORLD

Energy terrorism is one of the most urgent and dangerous types of terrorist activity in the modern world. Illegal violence by terrorist groups around the world entails catastrophes on a global scale. There are many reasons for the implementation of illegal violence by terrorists. At the same time, the main targets of physical impact are energy infrastructure facilities. In this case, energy resources are the means by which terrorists can exert violence, the ultimate goal of which is intimidation.

Nuclear terrorism as a kind of energy terrorism remains a key threat capable of leading to a global crisis of humanity. Modern terrorist formations are capable of causing failures in the system of nuclear reactors being limited in the level of supply of material and technical means. Moreover, with the help of UAVs and modern means of warfare, terrorists are able to cause damage to critical nuclear infrastructure facilities in a remote format.

In connection with the above provisions, there is a need for systemic global security. There are international organizations specializing in monitoring activities, ensuring security in the current realities of the global conjuncture.

Key words: energy terrorism, terrorist organizations, global security, international organizations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.031

V.I. ANNENKOV Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher at the Research Center of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Balashikha, Russia

A.V. MOISEEV Candidate of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

US GEOPOLITICS: SOME MODERN ASPECTS

The article examines the geopolitics of the United States, which is currently represented by the concept of American leadership in the conditions of building a multipolar world. It is noted that when implementing the provisions of the concept, one of the main geopolitical tasks of the United States is to prevent the creation of military-political alliances (coalitions) between such powers as Russia, China, India, Brazil and the European Union. It is considered how certain provisions of US geopolitics are implemented in relation, in particular, to Russia, the European Union and China. It is considered that recently the United States has been restraining the development of Russia as a center of power in a multipolar world, including by unleashing armed conflicts, where Russia is being drawn into. Scenarios of the development of the armed confrontation between Ukraine and Russia are presented. It was noted that global elites and TNCs associated with the military-industrial complex are interested in a new regional war. It is established that in Currently, there is a high probability of the troops of NATO countries – Poland, Hungary and Romania - entering western Ukraine. It is emphasized that it is expedient for Russia to state harshly that if the Ukraine-Russia armed conflict turns into a regional war with Ukraine-NATO, then TNW strikes on NATO strategic military facilities in various NATO countries will be carried out in response. It is established that US military analysts have analyzed the course of the Ukraine-Russia armed conflict and made certain conclusions. It is noted that the task of the Task Force on Strategic Options is to avoid the high cost of intervention from the point of view of the death of military personnel and the loss of valuable assets in the event of a direct military conflict with countries that seek regional power. The conclusion says that the United States has staked on victory over Russia, destabilization and collapse of Russia after the victory of the Ukraine-NATO alliance in the armed conflict.

Key words: US geopolitics, center of forces in a multipolar world, coalition, new regional war, Ukraine-NATO alliance, TNW.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.032

O.A. BELKOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL INTERESTS IN NATIONAL SECURITY COORDINATES

Introduction: the article reveals the two-way relationship of the title categories. On the one hand, security is the basic interest of the nation, on the other hand, national interests are the basis and goal of security policy. The author believes that the object of national security is not interests as such, but their bearer – the nation, a multinational people, understood as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation, and those highest and eternal values, the preservation of which is important for it in any time conditions and places. The need for these values constitutes national interests. The proposed set of them resists their extremely narrow interpretation (reduction to security and sustainable development) and excessive fragmentation by including security, the absence of which does not undermine or destroy the nation. The security of the Russian Federation and security in the Russian Federation are interconnected but different phenomena. In principle, unchanging national interests can be ensured by various – even opposite – means and methods.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the key aspects of national interests in the coordinate system of the national security of the Russian Federation. The objectives of the work include the following provisions:

– reveal the meaning and content of national security;

– highlight the basic focus of national security policy objects;

– consider the main points of correlation and contrast between national interests and national security;

– clarify the objective-subject nature of national interests;

– characterize the dialectic of national interests and policies to ensure and implement them.

Research results: the author presents a scientific subjective assessment of the features of the dialectical relationship between national security and national interests through the prism of clarifying the essence of the complex nature of these categories, their subjective-objective nature and the opportunistic conditions of development within the framework of geopolitical turbulence.

Key words: national security, state, National Security Strategy, national interests, sovereignty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.033

SHAO JIANINA Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OF CONVERGENCE OF FOREIGN POLICY FOREIGN POLICY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article analyzes the factors contributing to the progressive deployment of cooperation between Russia and the People's Republic of China, describes the historical Sino-Russian interrelations, on the basis of which the military, economic and cultural interaction between the peoples of the two great powers grows, lists the areas and directions that are especially important for the mutually beneficial development of the states in the XXI century, provides scenarios for the development of Sino-Russian cooperation.

Key words: China, Russia, cooperation, factors, scenarios, historical prerequisites.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.034

А.А. KLEMUSHINA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

I.A. SIVOGORLO Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

This article is devoted to the history of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China. It examines the historical background, key events, and important milestones in the establishment of bilateral relations between the two countries. Not only the political, economic, and cultural aspects of diplomatic relations are examined, but also the cooperation and conflicts that both countries faced. For centuries, Korea and China have shared geographic proximity and deep cultural ties that have influenced their political and economic relations. From ancient times, when the two civilizations interacted through trade and cultural exchange, to the modern era marked by political alliances and economic cooperation, their relationships have evolved and transformed in response to various historical events and developments. In terms of political aspects, diplomatic relations between Korea and China have also been shaped by the geopolitical landscape of the region. The influence of major powers such as the United States and Japan has often played a significant role in shaping bilateral relations between the ROK and the PRC. Despite conflicting interests in the region and historical grievances, both countries have demonstrated a commitment to finding compromises and maintaining stable diplomatic relations, recognizing the importance of cooperation not only for peace and prosperity in the region, but also for the economic growth of both powers. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the factors that influenced the formation and conclusion of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China. By studying the political, economic, historical, and cultural aspects, one can fully understand not only the complexity and complexity of Sino-South Korean relations, but also the importance of bilateral relations between the ROK and the PRC for the entire region as a whole.

Key words: People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, diplomatic relations, bilateral relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.035

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

UNILATERAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AS A TOOL IN ACTION: THE QATAR BLOCKADE IN 2017 AND THE "GREAT FIREWALL OF CHINA"

Unilateral restrictive measures are an important tool in international relations and foreign policy of states. These measures may include sanctions, trade restrictions, financial restrictions and other actions taken by one country or group of countries against another country. The purpose of such measures may be to punish a violation of international norms and standards, to protest, or to influence the behavior of another country.

In this article, the authors examine the use of unilateral restrictive measures in practice. Examples include the blockade of Qatar in 2017 and the use of unilateral restrictive measures in the field of communications, using the example of the Great Firewall of China.

Key words: international relations, security, restrictive measures, legal regulation, sanctions, Qatar, China, blockade, economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.036

CHEN SIRU Bachelor's degree, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL PROPAGANDA IN RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATIONS

The article discusses issues related to the role of digital propaganda in Russian-Ukrainian special military operations. The purpose of the study is to understand the idea of information warfare and what it means for world politics today, as well as to predict the direction of future wars. The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The hour frame of the research topic of this article is mainly the 21st century. This time is a stage of rapid development of the network. Therefore, information propaganda is developing rapidly accordingly and is widely used in various revolutions and wars. This article explains the importance of information warfare, discusses the role of information propaganda in creating hostility and social mobilization at the political level, as well as how other countries use "cyberchips" in this conflict to change the trend of public opinion, and whether it is possible to predict the direction of public opinion can determine the opinions and opinions of international organizations. The evolution of the role of digital propaganda, its main causes and goals are studied. The "information war of public opinion" and "digital propaganda" are considered on the example of Russian-Ukrainian special operations in this war. It is studied how Russia reacts to the "information war". A future forecast of the development of events has been compiled.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand the idea of information warfare and what it means for world politics today, as well as to predict the direction of future wars.

Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The idea of information warfare and what it means for world politics today is studied, and the direction of future wars is predicted.

Conclusions: With the support of the highly developed Internet and high-tech technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Russian-Uzbek conflict is developing both online and offline, depicting a new form of power struggle and geopolitical games in the context of a new technological revolution. The parties to the conflict carry out information confrontation in the virtual space by traditional or unconventional, legal or fabricated, real or false means, in order to control the direction of public opinion, create an international environment of public opinion favorable to themselves, and, finally, get broad support from the international community. The purpose of support. Due to the lack of effective oversight of social media platforms, the main media platforms controlled by some Western countries apply double standards, cooperate with the United States and Western sanctions against Russia, and suppress and block Russia, which leads to chaos on the "online battlefield". The Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The use of social networks as a weapon, information conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, as well as between Russia and some Western countries have destroyed mutual trust, increased mutual hostility and slowed down the process of diplomatic negotiations, which deserves great attention from the international community.

Key words: digital propaganda, military operations, Russia, Ukraine, politics, direction.

   
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