№ 12 (88), 2022
Academic journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 12, Issue 12 (88), 2022
CONTENTS
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
Goncharov P.K. Modern Political Culture: Contents, Formation, Typology
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
Seleznev P.S. Memorial Discourse as a Tool to Maintain the Prestige of the Russian Statehood in the XVI Century
Potseluev S.P., Konstantinov M.S. On the Problem of Historical Amnesia in the Aspect of «Competence-Based» Approach in the Study of National History
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
Putina O.V. Traditional Spiritual and Moral Values as the Basis of Civic Identity and Intercultural and Interreligious Dialogue
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Anikin D.A., Batishchev R.Yu. Civil Religion of Modern Russia: the Issues of the Interactions Between State and Orthodox Communities
Rodionova M.E., Eremenko I.V. Comparative Analysis of Representation of Russian Political Parties in Social Networks
Kasymov R.Sh. Models of Intraparty Democracy of Russian Political Parties
Zyong Wan Lin. Political Interest of Vietnamese Students in Connection with the War Between Russia and Ukraine – Interview 2022
Morugina I.N. Features of the Impact of Strategic Communication of Political Actors on the Process Agenda Formation
Jin Yang. Characteristics and Frontiers of Political Propaganda Research in China – Based on Statistics and Analysis of Relevant Literature from Central Chinese Journals from 1992 to 2022
Dankova V.V. Youth Policy of Modern Parliamentary Parties
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
Karatueva E.N. Implementation of the Principle of Subsidiarity in State and Municipal Administration (on the Example of the Federal Republic of Germany)
Podolskiy V.A. Comparison of the Social Policy Systems Efficiency
Prokhorov D.V., Rassadin A.A., Omelkovich A.V. Prospects for the Development of Innovative Political and Legal Instruments in the Digital Economy
Bashlaeva M.S. Management of External and Internal Information Policy as an Effective Management for Forming the Image of the State
Mosakova E.A., Nikiforova A.Y. Development Trends of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Russia in the Context of the Pandemic of a New Coronavirus Infection (СOVID-19)
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
Tsygankov P.A., Slutsky L.E. Western Discourse on Russia's "Hybrid War Against Democracy": New Wine in Old Bottles
Vankovska B. Heading Towards a Global NATO: Piquing China?
Ma Shiyuan, Chen Jing, Chen Di, Zhang Huiqin, Soslan Betrozov. Features of European Media Coverage of the Pandemic in China
Pakhrutdinov Sh.I. Strengthening Regional and International Cooperation to Ensure Security and Stability in the Central Asian Region
Tushkov A.A., Smotryaeva K.S., Amelchenko A.Ya. Special Report of the Economist Magazine Dated October 8, 2022: Russian Interpretation of the English Forecast
Belikova E.A., Egorov I.S. Prospects for the Resumption of the Qatari Diplomatic Crisis in the Light of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
Tuskov A.A., Somova I.Yu., Nekhorosheva A.N. On the Problem of the Involvement of Foreign Non-Governmental Organizations in the Destabilization of the Autonomous Regions of the People's Republic of China
Zhambaeva U.B. Tibetan Buddhism in the Political Context of the Min Dynasty
Kolykhalov M.I. The Concept of the International City in World Politics
Smirnov N.M., Popov S.I., Gusarskaya T.A. The Relevance of the Solution of the Transnistrian Conflict in Modern Conditions, Possible Scenarios
Ashmarina A.A. Migration Policy of the European Union: Conceptual Framework and Prospects for Development in a Changing Reality
Levandovsky N.V. US and NATO Influence on the Formation of the European Union's Foreign Policy
Abdrakhimov L.G. The Legal Aspect of National Security in China
Wang Junqi. China-U.S. Counter-Terrorism Settlement Mechanism
Kapustin A.S. Review of Practices of Counteracting the Propaganda of the International Terrorist Organization DAESH (Prohibited in the Russian Federation)
Romachev R.V. Proxy Intelligence and Classification of Intelligence Actors on the Example of the US
Tamundele Jean-Baptiste Ngay. Russian-African Relations: Moral Values as the Basis of Public Diplomacy?
Tlezhukova D.M. The Role of the International Organizations Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in Ensuring Regional Security in Central Asia
Hu Rong. US-Iran Security Game and Chinese Countermeasures
STUDENT SCIENCE
Saparbekova D.S. The Media is an Important Tool of Dialogue Between the Government and Society
Bratkovskaya D.V., Rogova Ya.D., Gorbenkova E.I. The Role of the UN in the Settlement of International Conflicts: Ways and Tools
Kuziura Yu.S., Rychkova A.L. The Role of Sport as a Tool of "Soft Power" in the Politics of the Asia-Pacific Countries
Loktionova D.V., Myasnikov V.S., Stakhno E.V. Analysis of the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Factor on the Economic Stability of the Republic of Korea
Melnikova M.M., Zainullina P.R., Goryachev D.R. China's Regional Policy: the Case of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Autonomous Region of Tibet
Martsinkevich K.A., Volzhanin D.A., Litvinenko D.V. Russian-Japanese Relations: Prime Minister's Course and Prospects for Recovery
HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.001
P.K. GONCHAROV Doctor of sociology, Professor Professor of Law Institute of Russian Transport University (MIIT), Moscow, Russia
MODERN POLITICAL CULTURE: CONTENTS, FORMATION, TYPOLOGY
The notion of political culture is one of the key and relatively new ones in political science. In spite of the great attention paid by scientists to the research of this phenomenon, not all of its manifestations have acquired adequate reflection in scientific and educational literature. The target of the article is to give a complex idea of the main components of modern political culture and their specifications as well as of the diversity of its typological manifestations in modern world.
Key words: political culture, political values, political conscience, formation of political culture, social purpose of political culture, functions of political culture, typology of political culture.
POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.002
P.S. SELEZNEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Dean of the Faculty international economic relations Financial University under the Government Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
MEMORIAL DISCOURSE AS A TOOL TO MAINTAIN THE PRESTIGE OF THE RUSSIAN STATEHOOD IN THE XVI CENTURY
Within the framework of the present study, the question of the practice of using the memorial discourse as a tool to ensure the prestige of the Russian statehood during the period of its full-fledged formation as a centralized system in the 16th century is revealed. The purpose of the work is to assess the content and role of the corresponding memorial regime in maintaining the prestige of the Russian state in the designated period. The author comes to the conclusion that within the framework of the official and official historical narrative during the period under study, memorial frameworks were publicly set, substantiating the ideas of Russia's spiritual and political continuity in relation to Byzantium and Rome, its religious leadership and messianic destiny, as well as the rights to own the territories of Lithuania and Poland. The latter involved, among other things, the formation of the concept of "debt of memory" in the form of an obligation to return the lost lands as ancient Russian princes, and in the future, the possessions of the Byzantine emperors. At the same time, through the introduction of a number of figures of memory, the Lithuanian statehood was stigmatized and deprived of prestige. It should also be emphasized that the rationale for the prestige of Russian statehood was syncretic (both secular and religious) and, in fact, was more addressed to the domestic audience than to foreign politicians.
Key words: politics of memory, memorial discourse, Russian statehood, prestige, Rurikovich.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.003
S.P. POTSELUEV Doctor of Political Sciences, professor of Department of Theoretical and Applied Political Science, Institute of Philosophy and Social & Political Sciences, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
M.S. KONSTANTINOV Candidate of Political Sciences, associate professor of Department of Theoretical and Applied Political Science, Institute of Philosophy and Social & Political Sciences, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
ON THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL AMNESIA IN THE ASPECT OF «COMPETENCE-BASED» APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF NATIONAL HISTORY
The subject of the study presented in the article is historical unconsciousness, which is fixed, in particular, in sociological studies among Don students. Accordingly, the purpose of the work was to identify the specifics of historical amnesia in the student mind and determine the key factors of this amnesia based on the empirical data obtained in the course of a series of questionnaire surveys concerning key events in national history, as well as the topic of the current political crisis in Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the concept of a large narrative of historical memory (P. Ricoeur, P. Nora, J. Le Goff, etc.), as well as the concept of historical amnesia, developed in the works of D. Rubio, M. Kundera, Z.S. Gevorkyan, N.I. Shestova and other authors. The methodological basis of the study was three questionnaire surveys conducted among students of universities in the Rostov region by employees of the Southern Federal University and the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2015 (N=718), as well as employees of the Center for Socio-Political Research of the Southern Federal University in 2014 and in 2020 (N=751). As a result of the study, it was found that a significant factor in the amnestic effects in youth consciousness is historical (humanitarian) education, built according to the competence-based approach with its focus on instrumental rationality. According to the authors, such treatment of history correlates with the concept of historical memory, in which the opposition “history vs. memory". Subjecting this approach to criticism based on modern authoritative historians (P. Nora, J. Le Goff), the authors interpret historical amnesia as a general weakening of historical memory, suggesting the loss of at least one of its main elements: collective memory (commemoration), scientific historiography and politics of memory.
Key words: historical memory, historical amnesia, big narrative, competence approach, commemoration, memory politics.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.004
O.V. PUTINA Postgraduate student at the Department of Management in the Sphere of Interethnic and Interfaith Relations of the Faculty of Public Administration of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov; Specialist of the Center for the Prevention of Religious and Ethnic Extremism in Educational Organizations of the Russian Federation of the Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia
TRADITIONAL SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES AS THE BASIS OF CIVIC IDENTITY AND INTERCULTURAL AND INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE
The article raises the question of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values as the basis of the civic identity of the peoples of Russia and intercultural and interreligious dialogue both on the territory of Russia and abroad. Based on the methods of political and legal analysis, the author explores legal acts, mechanisms for regulating social relations, including political ones, including the activities of state power at the international level.
The diversity of the national composition and religious affiliation of the population of Russia, the historical experience of intercultural and interreligious interaction, the preservation and development of the traditions of the peoples living on its territory are the common property of the Russian nation, serve as the basis for strengthening Russian statehood, a factor in promoting its spiritual and moral values abroad. Given the fact that the struggle for cultural influence continues to intensify on the world stage, one of Russia's priorities in international relations is to uphold, within the framework of international and regional organizations, the importance of universal human values and international humanitarian cooperation. The Russian Federation and the Russian world abroad are increasingly perceived as the guardian and protector of traditional spiritual and moral values, the spiritual heritage of world civilization based on the accumulated experience of respect for foreign culture, faith, and customs.
Key words: spiritual and moral values, civic identity, intercultural dialogue, interreligious dialogue, state national policy.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.005
D.A. ANIKIN PhD of Philosophy, Assistant Professor of Theoretical and Social Philosophy Department of Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky; Associate Professor of the Department of History and Theory of Politics of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Saratov, Russia
R.YU. BATISHCHEV Junior Researcher of Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Saratov, Russia
CIVIL RELIGION OF MODERN RUSSIA: THE ISSUES OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN STATE AND ORTHODOX COMMUNITIES
This article examines the peculiarities of the formation of civil religion in contemporary Russia through the interaction, including institutional, of the state with religious orthodox actors. It notices that civil religion is initially connected with the commemorative practices existing in a given society, as it tries to construct a new collective identity by referring to the past. In Russia, civil religion is closely connected with commemorative practices emanating from various religious institutions, the strongest influence among which are Orthodox actors, above all the Russian Orthodox Church.
The methodology of the politics of memory analysis in this article is based on its principled multi-actor nature, the absence of state monopoly on the translation of historical representations. In recent decades, in contrast to the state, the Russian Orthodox Church has taken a more articulate position on a number of issues, influencing the formation of the state memorial agenda. This penetration has also had institutional forms – through the institution of education and the institution of military service (realizing the function of political socialization). The activity of the Church in issues such as medieval commemoration, remembrance of victims of political repression, and war commemorations is noted.
The influence of such specific memorial discourses as "Tsarebozhism" and Orthodox Stalinism, which go beyond the official discourse of the Russian Orthodox Church, but which have an impact not only on the historical consciousness of the faithful Russians, but also partially on the state memorial agenda, is considered separately.
Key words: civil religion, patriotism, politics of memory, Russian Orthodoxy, war commemorations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.006
M.E. RODIONOVA Candidate of Science in Sociology, Associate Professor, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Mass Communication Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
I.V. EREMENKO PhD in Philosophy, Senior Lecturer, Department of Mass Communications and Media Business, Faculty of Social Sciences and Mass Communications, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATION OF RUSSIAN POLITICAL PARTIES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
The material of the article draws attention to the analysis of communication tools for creating an effective image of Russian political parties in social networks at the end of 2022 (Vkonrakte, Telegram, YouTube, Ok.ru) using the example of the New People and LDPR parties. The analysis began with a brief description of the main direction of the parties, the activities of the parties in electronic and media resources as a political PR tool were considered, the target audience was analyzed, as well as the communication channels of the leaders of the parties, the most active in social networks. The work of the party in the regions is revealed. The conclusion is made about the high importance and role of social networks as main channels of communication of Russian political parties in the 21st century.
Key words: communication channels, political PR, media politics, LDPR, New People, Nechaev, Davankov, Avksentievam Airapetyan, Zhirinovsky, Slutsky, Khovansky, Maddison.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.007
R.SH. KASYMOV PhD Candidate of the Department of Political Science, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
MODELS OF INTRAPARTY DEMOCRACY OF RUSSIAN POLITICAL PARTIES
Political parties use the mechanisms of intra-party democracy to ensure the legitimacy of their leadership and demonstrate broad support for party policies. There are different models of intra-party democracy. Based on the ability of party members to influence the choice of party leaders and party politics, one can single out a centralized model of intra-party democracy and a decentralized model of party democracy. Russian parties use both models, depending on party goals and the availability of appropriate resources. Since 2009, United Russia has been actively introducing elements of a decentralized model of internal party democracy. This party uses the mechanism of primary elections open to all citizens of the Russian Federation to select candidates for elections at various levels. The Communist Party, in turn, uses a centralized model for selecting candidates. The decision to nominate a candidate is made by the party committee, and approved by the party congress. The choice of a decentralized model is associated with an attempt by United Russia to increase the visibility of candidates, the desire to recruit new leaders and test electoral technologies before the start of the official election campaign.
Key words: political parties, intraparty democracy, preliminary elections, primary elections, primaries, party congress.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.008
ZYONG WAN LIN Postgraduate Student, Department of Comparative Political Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
POLITICAL INTEREST OF VIETNAMESE STUDENTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE – INTERVIEW 2022
The article conducted a survey of students about the degree of interest in political and military events between modern Russia and Ukraine. Using the results of a social survey of Vietnamese students studying in Vietnam and in the Russian Federation to determine the degree of political interest of students in this event. Let's consider the factors influencing this level of interest, thereby creating a basis for assessing the feeling of participation in political activities of Vietnamese students studying at home and abroad.
Key words: Students, political consciousness, interest, Vietnam.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.009
I.N. MORUGINA Postgraduate, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
FEATURES OF THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION OF POLITICAL ACTORS ON THE PROCESS AGENDA FORMATION
This article discusses the features of the influence of strategic communication of political actors on the process of forming the agenda. It is indicated that power and the struggle for power underlie politics, which is competitive in nature and, accordingly, they play a central role in political communication. It is concluded that the features include: firstly, the very strategic nature of this type of political communications; secondly, the need to ensure the political legitimacy of certain political actors in the process of setting the agenda as part of the implementation of strategic communication; thirdly, the need for adequate political opposition through strategic communications on the part of political actors in the process of forming a strategic or tactical agenda.
Key words: political process, political communication, political subject, political agenda, strategic communication.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.010
JIN YANG Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CHARACTERISTICS AND FRONTIERS OF POLITICAL PROPAGANDA RESEARCH IN CHINA – BASED ON STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT LITERATURE FROM CENTRAL CHINESE JOURNALS FROM 1992 TO 2022
This article explores the characteristics of Chinese scholarly research on political propaganda. The author analyzed 53 relevant articles in central Chinese journals from 1992 to 2022. The article conducted statistics and analysis according to the indicators: research topics, case countries for propaganda analysis, political events for propaganda analysis, and years of article publication. With the help of statistics and analysis, the paper reveals the characteristics, frontiers and development trends of Chinese academic research in this field.
Key words: political propaganda, propaganda technology, computational propaganda, social bots, algorithms, social networks.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.011
V.V. DANKOVA Graduate student, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
YOUTH POLICY OF MODERN PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES
The article examines the specifics of the youth policy of modern parliamentary parties. The main directions of youth involvement in the socio-political practices of Russian society are given, the value orientations of Soviet and Russian youth are compared, the role of youth self-government bodies is considered, attention is paid to the targets of political parties in relation to the younger generation based on the analysis of the composition of the deputy corps and the staff of the State Duma factions of the VIII convocation. The purpose of this study is to determine the place and role of young people in the activities of political parties today.
Key words: youth, youth policy, parliamentary parties, political activity.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SECTORAL POLICIES
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.012
E.N. KARATUEVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY IN STATE AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY)
The principle of subsidiarity, based on the distribution of powers between different levels of government, assumes that management can be effectively carried out at the lowest possible level. The intervention of higher structures is advisable only if it is impossible to independently solve problems at a lower level.
Each management level should have its own competencies to exercise its own and delegated powers. In accordance with the existing management pyramid, it is possible to distinguish supranational, state, regional and municipal levels. Moreover, the latter is the basic unit of the structure of public power. In this context, the distribution of powers between the State administration and local self-government is of particular interest from the point of view of the effectiveness of the tasks assigned to them.
Among European countries, it is the Federal Republic of Germany that most fully implements the principle of subsidiarity in the distribution of powers between different levels of government.
Key words: the principle of subsidiarity, public administration, local self-government, municipality, community.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.013
V.A. PODOLSKIY Candidate of Political sciences, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Political Science, State Academic University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
COMPARISON OF THE SOCIAL POLICY SYSTEMS EFFICIENCY
Introduction: several types of social support systems have developed in the world, which differ both in their architecture and in their tasks and effectiveness. Existing approaches to comparison most often compare models and tasks, so the comparison of efficiency is valuable. Aims and goals: the article examines the structure and functions of social support systems in Germany, France, Britain, USA, Russia and China, the cost of their operation and performance. Methods: The article uses a comparative-historical approach, analysis of institutions, statistical data and legal documents. Results: The social support system in the United States can be considered to be the least effective, for it consumes the largest amount of resources and provides a weaker result than other developed social support systems. The British and German systems may be considered the best, but they are built on different principles and also have their own weaknesses. Conclusions: for the development of the social support system in Russia, both the positive experience of Germany and Britain should be considered, as well as the shortcomings of these systems, and also the problems associated with the provision of social support in the United States.
Key words: social policy, social insurance, pensions, benefits, allowances.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.014
D.V. PROKHOROV Candidate of sociological sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Samara National research university named after Academician S.P. Koroleyva, Samara, Russia
A.A. RASSADIN Postgraduate student of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the Samara National research university named after Academician S.P. Koroleyva, Samara, Russia
A.V. OMELKOVICH Student of the department of national and world economy Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE POLITICAL AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
The article discusses and presents the results of research in the context of the creation and development of modern technologies, as well as an analysis of the reaction of society, which caused great prerequisites and digital conditions for their implementation and application in all areas of the socio-economic life of society. In the course of scientific and technological progress and, as a result, the processing of a large amount of information, the role of questions about the emergence of new or changes in existing rules of law in the field of the digital economy, such as, for example, online meetings of members of societies, protection of the rights of subjects in the processing of big data, the emergence of RID in the digital space and IT.
Key words: political system, big data, law, state, digital economy, innovative technologies.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.015
M.S. BASHLAEVA Associate Professor of the Department of State and municipal government and political science Karachay-Cherkess State University named after W.D. Alieva, Karachaevsk, Russia
MANAGEMENT OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL INFORMATION POLICY AS AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT FOR FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE STATE
The article deals with the main problems of forming a positive image of the modern Russian state, as well as national strategies of "soft power" in the foreign policy of states, where the increasing role of flexible factors and the strengthening of the influence of "soft" instruments of influence on the system of international relations are noted, an analysis is made of their role in the implementation foreign policy of Russia. The main approaches, resources, goals and results of the use of "soft power" by states at the present stage are analyzed. In the modern world community, the competitiveness of a country is significantly influenced by the information resources that they have and the reputation these countries have. Today, more and more often in the official statements of the political leadership of the country, in the speeches of public figures and major entrepreneurs, there is concern that an unfavorable image of Russia is being formed abroad. Increasingly, in the course of such discussions, it is proposed to create a single state system that would coordinate all image-building activities. However, the implementation of such a decision requires a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms for forming/adjusting the country's image, as well as its components, identifying the key actors involved in these processes and understanding the experience of other states in this direction. Moreover, the difficulty of adequately reflecting the processes taking place in Russia to the global audience is due to the fact that it is a super-community – a multinational and multi-confessional state.
Key words: external and internal state information policy, "soft power", "hard power", "balance of power", image, image policy, institutionalism, ideology of the state, social level of development of society, axiological system, mentality of the nation, culture of the country, creative country's potential.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.016
E.A. MOSAKOVA Сandidate of Economics, Associate professor, Associate professor at the Department of Global Processes Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
A.Y. NIKIFOROVA Masterˈs student, at the Department of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (СOVID-19)
Introduction. Nowadays one of the major problems of the world economy is the decline in the level of the entrepreneurial activity in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. One of the solutions to this problem is the expansion of SMEs, which contributes to the creation of new jobs, improving the living conditions of the general population, as well as increasing GDP.
Materials and methods. Methodological basis of the research is composed. of general cognition methods: evaluation, synthesis, comparison, inductance and deduction, rising from the abstract to the concrete as well as systemic – structural approach. Special methods of investigation such as acquisition of scientific treatises, information gain and economics and statistics analysis were applied during the research.
Results of the study. The main problem of SMEs at the beginning of the pandemic was the inability of its subjects to transfer their activities to online in a short time, as well as to diversify it in response to the new economic reality.
Discussion. The study of the monthly dynamics of the main indicators during the entire period of the pandemic reflects the fall of such indicators as the number of SMEs and the number of employees. But at the same time, the number of types of manufactured products remained at a relatively stable level during the reporting period. Such multidirectional dynamics of indicators demonstrate that enterprises were forced to “reorient" and "differentiate" their products.
Conclusion. The pandemic has significantly aggravated the existing problems in the development of Russian SMEs, and the existing system of state support for SMEs has proven to be low in its effectiveness: the measures of state support for SMEs were effective enough to fulfill only one goal – to preserve employment. Therefore, the question of a cardinal update of the state policy in the field of SME support is risen.
Key words: entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), business processes, the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), diversification, employment, digitalization.
THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.017
P.A. TSYGANKOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
L.E. SLUTSKY Doctor of Economics, Head of the Department of the Faculty of Political Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
WESTERN DISCOURSE ON RUSSIA'S "HYBRID WAR AGAINST DEMOCRACY": NEW WINE IN OLD BOTTLES
The article analyzes the popular Western discourse about the "hybrid war of Russia" against the global West and its allies who are on the "right side of history". As a result of the study, it is shown that the widespread use of this discourse by Western media, analytical centers and official representatives of NATO and the EU indicates that it is given the role of an important ideological tool in the struggle for all-round deterrence and weakening of Russia. At the same time, in essence, the discourse under consideration is not much different from similar narratives that were used by the West against Russia in the past.
The authors rely on a wide range of diverse sources. The debate about the "hybrid war" is presented mainly through the analysis of publications in academic journals and monographs, as well as speeches by statesmen. The conclusions concerning the peculiarities of the discourse of "hybrid wars of Russia" are illustrated by references to NATO and EU documents, materials, comments and interviews of military and civilian experts, articles in scientific periodicals and other academic publications.
The article is structured as follows. The first part traces the genesis, evolution and various interpretations of the concept of "hybrid warfare". The second section is devoted to the analysis of arguments about the "hybrid war of Russia". In conclusion, conclusions are drawn according to which the widespread discourse about the "hybrid war of Russia", with all its external novelty, is an attempt to substantiate the idea of Moscow's eternal aggressiveness.Keywords: Russia, West, NATO, European Union, hybrid war, hybrid threats, democracy, autocracy.
Key words: Russia, West, NATO, EU, hybrid war, hybrid threats, democracy, autocracy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.018
B. VANKOVSKA Professor of political science and international relations, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
HEADING TOWARDS A GLOBAL NATO: PIQUING CHINA?
The article aims at deconstruction of the idea of “global NATO”, or better multiple NATOs across the globe. For quite some time the North Atlantic Alliance had been spreading its reach, including political influence, military equipment, manpower, bases, intelligence, etc. mostly towards Russia’s borders – until it hit the wall. It is logical to assume that the Ukraine war has already been in the cards in Washington; yet it is hard to say if it was THE plan or just a possibility due to the West’s underrating Russia’s readiness to respond. After the Madrid summit the key strategic question is how far to the east would (future) global NATO go. No matter how much the general public is focused on the developments in Ukraine and their (un)intended damages (in terms of economic recession, inflation, energy crisis, etc.) on the collective West, that war is just a prelude to a more important clash – in Asia-Pacific, and probably on a global scale. The (next) key rival is China, i.e. the power that has factual potential to be not only a superior economic giant, but also a power that may actively re-shape the new international order.
Key words: NATO, China, global security, Ukraine, militarization.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.019
MA SHIYUAN Doctorate, Associate Professor, English Department, Beijing International Studies University Lecturer, Peking, China
CHEN JING Master, Associate Professor, French Department, Beijing International Studies University, Peking, China
CHEN DI Ph.D. Saint Petersburg State University, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Department Media Lingustics Senior lecturer, Saint Petersburg, Russia
ZHANG HUIQIN Russian Department, Doctorate, Professor, Beijing international Studies University, Peking, China
SOSLAN BETROZOV Ph.D. Lawyer of the Bar Association of St. Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
FEATURES OF EUROPEAN MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE PANDEMIC IN CHINA
Objective: the purpose of this work is to identify trends and specifics in the media coverage of European countries (UK, Germany, France, Russia) of the situation with COVID-19 in China; the need to strengthen the responsibility of the media in relation to the published information, their independence and objectivity.
Methods: the authors used the method of content analysis of the text of various publications of European countries: Great Britain (5 sources), Germany (4 sources), France (5 sources) and Russia (4 sources).
Conclusions: the nature of the information provided by the national media is influenced by foreign policy factors, reflects the relations between European countries (in particular, Great Britain, Germany and France) and China, and indicates the presence of rivalry and conflict of interests between them.
The panic over COVID-19, which has become one of the most prominent topics in Western media coverage, and the "information epidemic" caused by it may significantly reduce citizens' trust in real objective information from official sources and become a factor of increasing general anxiety in society.
In a time of global panic, the media becomes a manipulative tool designed to distract the public's attention from their own immediate problems by focusing their attention on the problems of others.
Mistrust and fear. Perhaps this is what the pandemic crisis has taught us best. This lesson should be followed by another – how to cope with them, despite contradictions and cultural differences, economic interests and long-standing grievances.
It seems that in this matter, the media can and should become a unifying, binding force that makes it possible to achieve a common goal. It is necessary to realize that it is inadmissible to spread rumors and panic to avoid responsibility, especially in the context of one's own powerlessness in the fight against the epidemic.
Linguistic and comparative methods of analysis allowed the authors to determine the target settings of the publications. The results of the analysis allow the authors to assert that the European mass media not only express political stereotypes of the image of China and the Chinese government, but also promote them in the eyes of public opinion through the dissemination of anxiety, fear and panic. An analysis of the peculiarity of key publications showed the "mechanics" of such promotion. In the meantime, we are experiencing the full spectrum of mistrust and fear. Hopefully, one day – put them behind us.
The article is of interest to a wide range of researchers and the reading public.
Key words: coronavirus, European media, pandemic in China, epidemic control, Chinese experience, media coverage.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.020
Sh.I. PAKHRUTDINOV Doctor of political sciences, professor, member of the Association of Political Scientists of Russia, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
STRENGTHENING REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO ENSURE SECURITY AND STABILITY IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION
This article is devoted to the international cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of security and trade and economic relations. In order to achieve peace and sustainable development in Central Asia, the states of the region are pursuing an active foreign policy. The transformation of Central Asia into a zone of peace and good neighborliness is also defined as a priority of Uzbekistan's foreign policy. The relevance of the topic of this article lies in the fact that in today's era of increasing sources of global threats, ensuring the territorial security of Central Asia has become one of the main tasks facing the states of the region. The geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Central Asian region has been growing in recent years, it is becoming an object of serious attention in the international arena due to the presence of a large amount of mineral resources, the conflict of strategic interests of the world's largest countries. When writing the article, methods of comparative analysis, theoretical and general logical methods were used. The article consists of an introduction, the main part, a conclusion and a list of references.
Key words: region, regional security, globalization, foreign policy, stability, security, sustainability, initiative, trade and economic, sustainability, factors.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.021
A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia
K.S. SMOTRYAEVA Director of the Institute of Language and Translation Technologies and Development of International Communication Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia
A.Ya. AMELCHENKO Student, Institute of Language and Translation Technologies and Development of International Communication Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia
SPECIAL REPORT OF THE ECONOMIST MAGAZINE DATED OCTOBER 8, 2022: RUSSIAN INTERPRETATION OF THE ENGLISH FORECAST
The paper analyzes The Economist magazine dated 08-10-2022, which suggests an “indisputable” global foreign policy and economic development forecast for 2023. The paper focuses on the energy sector, where 2023 will mark the end of the era of global pricing based on energy pricing. An alternative currency system is considered as the one that can shift the petrodollar from a leading position in the near future. The authors made their forecast of upcoming world events and their interpretation based on the mental and seemingly abstract symbols of a complex magazine cover design, which are associated with a single central inscription – “Regime change”. The cover of the special issue comprises several parts depicting aspects of economic and political activity where changes are definitely to occur. Therefore, the analysis made by the authors being Russian scholars is of particular interest, since the authors’ vision of events taking place differs from the one of The Economist magazine, which, in its turn, is one of the most trustworthy mouthpieces of British policy.
Key words: Rothschild, Great Britain, gas, oil, dollar, pound sterling, bitcoin, symbol.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.022
E.A. BELIKOVA Dr. Political Science, Assistant to the Department of State and Municipal Administration and Law, Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
I.S. EGOROV Applicant of the Department of Political Science of the East, Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
PROSPECTS FOR THE RESUMPTION OF THE QATARI DIPLOMATIC CRISIS IN THE LIGHT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT
Russia's special military operation on the territory of Ukraine has already become a catalyst for a number of global and local changes both in geopolitics and world economy, including new impetus to many existing and potential regional conflicts: from Transnistria to Taiwan. At the same time, one of the key crisis points in the Middle East – the Qatari diplomatic crisis – continues to be frozen, however, a number of factors indicate that an open confrontation between the GCC countries can start again at any moment.
The main goal of the research is to discuss the premises for the resumption of the Qatari diplomatic crisis and analyze its possible scenarios. The authors point out that a new round of the crisis is inevitable, moreover, it may turn out to be deeper and not be limited to a hybrid and information war between Qatar and the "Arab Quartet" – Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain, but develop into a full-fledged military clash.
The article concludes that in case of implementation of any of the scenarios under consideration the influence of the United States on regional players will decrease.
Key words: Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatari diplomatic crisis, information war, conflict, special military operation, Russia, Ukraine.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.023
A.A. TUSKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies University of world civilizations named after V.W. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
I.YU. SOMOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies University of world civilizations named after V.W. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
A.N. NEKHOROSHEVA Student, Institute of language and translation technologies and the development of international communication University of world civilizations named after V.W. Zhirinovsky, Moscow, Russia
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF FOREIGN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DESTABILIZATION OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
This article discusses an urgent topic – the influence of foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on the ethnopolitical conflict potential of modern China, where the key point is their indirect and direct impact on the destabilization of autonomous regions. The balanced foreign and domestic political course of the Communist Party of China is aimed at key transformations in the field of socio-economic life of citizens and the formation of a new post-Westphalian world order. In these conditions, the PRC is affected by problems related to ethno-political conflicts. They fully characterize the entire multifaceted spectrum of the internal political process of the development of the state. Such conflicts as, for example, in the Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region of China, the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, etc. are vivid examples of the maturation of conflict potential. It is based on religious, ethnic, political and territorial contradictions. Not the last place in their aggravation is occupied by foreign non-governmental organizations. This complex of problems, related to indirect and direct impact of NGOs on the destabilization of autonomous regions is the subject of the authors’ research in this article. The authors consider the relationship between indirect and direct intervention of foreign NGOs, as well as specific examples of two types of impacts – indirect and direct intervention. Due to the strict restriction of access of foreign NGOs to mainland China, direct intervention of foreign NGOs is being replaced by direct intervention of foreign governments. In this regard, it is concluded that various states are directly interested in destabilizing the internal situation in China in order to realize their political goals.
Key words: PRC, NGO, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, separatism, destabilizing events, Human Rights Watch, The Conservative Party Human rights commission, Free Tibet.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.024
U.B. ZHAMBAEVA Candidate of philosophical Sciences, associate Professor of Management in higher education, REU im. G.V. Plehanova» Ulaanbaatar branch; Adviser to the President of the Mongolian diplomatic Organization for peace and friendship, Ulan-Bator, Mongolia
TIBETAN BUDDHISM IN THE POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE MIN DYNASTY
In 1267-1279, Khubilai fights for the real conquest of all of China. To begin with, Khubilai found himself the Commander-in-Chief Chinese Shetankze, then he decided to transfer the capital of his kingdom from Karakoram to China, namely to the place of the old capital Dasin, hereinafter referred to as Beijing. A new city is being built in the suburb of Dashin, which is called the great capital or Khanbalyk, in Chinese Dadu. Khubilai lacked religious fanaticism, but there was ethnic fanaticism. In this sense, it is much more interesting to identify the common stereotypical foundations of behavior associated with Khubilai’s psychology, and more so with the nature of the unconscious, which allow us to build a different order of ethnic structure, the basis of which can serve as an immanent sense of unity.
Key words: state, mentor, Buddhism, dynasty, politics, religion, legitimacy, emperor.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.025
M.I. KOLYKHALOV Candidate of political sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal SIU RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russia
THE CONCEPT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CITY IN WORLD POLITICS
In modern scientific discourse, a number of concepts of global cities are being developed – "international city", "global city", "global information city", "world city". The least specified in terms of identifying criteria and defining indicators is the category of "international city", which characterizes a wide range of urban centers that are comprehensively involved in international activities.
The purpose of the article is to explore the concept of an "international city", to determine the key features and criteria for classifying urban centers in this category, to identify key differences, and to propose basic indicators of selection criteria.
Key words: metropolis, international city, manufacturing city, gate city, transactional city.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.026
N.M. SMIRNOV Bachelor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
S.I. POPOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
T.A. GUSARSKAYA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
THE RELEVANCE OF THE SOLUTION OF THE TRANSNISTRIAN CONFLICT IN MODERN CONDITIONS, POSSIBLE SCENARIOS
The article presents the author's reflections and observations on the situation in Pridnestrovie, Ukraine and the world political arena, during the implementation of a special military operation for the denazification and demilitarization of Ukraine. Possible ways of solving the Transnistrian conflict in modern conditions are identified and analyzed.
Key words: conflict, Transnistrian conflict, Transnistrian Moldavian Republic, PMR, Transnistria, special military operation, Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Moldova, Romania, OSCE, United States, European Union.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.027
A.A. ASHMARINA Assistant lecturer at IMOMI of Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
MIGRATION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN A CHANGING REALITY
The article deals mainly with the modern migration policy of the European Union with an emphasis on the conceptual component. Purpose of the work: to identify the main directions of the EU policy in the field of migration in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the features of regulating the migration processes of a united Europe at the supranational level. Using a systematic approach and a case-study method, the author highlights the main directions of the EU migration policy, and also concludes that it is difficult to develop a common EU migration policy due to the conflicting national interests of European countries.
Key words: migration policy, migration, migration flows, European Union, legislation, trends, prospects.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.028
N.V. LEVANDOVSKY Lecturer of the Military Training Center, Moscow State Linguistic University; Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
US AND NATO INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION'S FOREIGN POLICY
The article analyzes the EU's long-standing desire to gain strategic autonomy from the United States and NATO in the field of defense and foreign policy. Various initiatives aimed at shaping the ideological frame of the collective identity of the EU, including attempts to form an independent European army, have led to contradictory results. The reality of today shows that institutionally NATO, being the core of the liberal world order of the collective West, has an obvious advantage representing a mature mechanism capable of mobilizing member states in order to broadcast the political will of the United States. NATO's identity has historically developed along the path of expansion, being the driving impulse of the collective West. This identity blocks the EU's attempts to gain its independence, subordinates its interests to the goals of the United States. During the transformation of the global world order the ambitions of the United States continued to grow turning the whole world into a "zone of American responsibility". Against the background of the strategic confrontation policy between the United States and Russia and in the future with China, Europe has regained for Washington the importance of an unconditional ally and an outpost in the struggle to preserve its former power and hegemon status in the ending its existence unipolar world, a special element in the implementation of a new policy of containment of Russia. The discourse of confrontation with Russia, which arose against the background of the special military operation, allowed NATO to overcome centrifugal tendencies within the alliance, stop the formation of strategic autonomy of the EU not only in the military, but also in the economic sphere and also turn the European Union into a key informational, economic and military formation of the American proxy war with Russia. The author also reflects on the degradation of European elites and their fundamental misunderstanding of Russian views on world politics.
Key words: foreign policy, strategic autonomy, NATO, USA, proxy war, containment, EU, Russia, Strategic Compass, national security, geopolitics.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.029
L.G. ABDRAKHIMOV Candidate of science degree, PFUR, Moscow, Russia
THE LEGAL ASPECT OF NATIONAL SECURITY IN CHINA
The article examines the legal aspect of national security of the PRC within the framework of officially published public documents. The author notes that in the PRC the legal provision of the national security system is based on the strengthening of political stability, with a clear hierarchy of other areas of national security (literally translated as "state security"). At the present stage of China's development the emphasis is placed on updating the existing legal acts, on creating a legal framework and legal institutions to respond to new challenges and threats to national security, such as: sanctions, cyberthreats, activities of non-governmental organizations, COVID, etc.
Key words: PRC, national security, state security, legal provision of national security, national interests, threats to national security.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.030
WANG JUNQI Ph.D. student, Faculty of World Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
CHINA-U.S. COUNTER-TERRORISM SETTLEMENT MECHANISM
This article attempts to explore the legal issues of the basic theory, basic principles, international legal framework and relevant procedural issues of international cooperation in counter-terrorism investigation, as well as the importance of international cooperation in counter-terrorism investigation, problems and main directions for improvement in the future in the light of cooperation international organizations and countries in the counter-terrorism investigation. To achieve the goal of the study, this paper uses a combination of methods of historical analysis, normative analysis, empirical analysis and comparative research. Based on the analysis of legal problems in the organization, the main procedures and the main issues of international cooperation in the field of combating terrorism, this article proposes ideas for solving problems by accelerating the implementation of a normative international platform, building a perfect international system of cooperation in the field of combating terrorism, rationalizing the use of investigative measures and the establishment of an effective intelligence-sharing mechanism.
Key words: international counterterrorism, investigative cooperation, mechanisms for cooperation in the fight against terrorism, anti-terrorism laws, terrorism.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.031
A.S. KAPUSTIN Postgraduate Student, Department of Russian Politics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
REVIEW OF PRACTICES OF COUNTERACTING THE PROPAGANDA OF THE INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ORGANIZATION DAESH (PROHIBITED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
The author conducted a review of studies that examined the basic aspects of the propaganda of the international terrorist organization Islamic State (hereinafter – DAESH) on the Internet, as well as considered effective and ineffective counteraction practices.
The purpose of the study is to identify effective practices of countering the propaganda of the international terrorist organization DAESH. During the analysis, the risks and factors of the effectiveness of propaganda impact on Internet users were identified.
The study was carried out based on materials from secondary sources.
The result of the study was the identification of approaches to effectively counter the propaganda and recruitment activities of DAESH.
Key words: terrorism, DAESH, propaganda, recruitment, Internet.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.032
R.V. ROMACHEV General director intelligence agency "R-Techno", Moscow, Russia
PROXY INTELLIGENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF INTELLIGENCE ACTORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE USA
The article provides a definition of proxy intelligence, a classification of intelligence actors on the example of the United States. The activities of the main US intelligence actors are briefly considered. The intelligence service is defined as a service that is provided by both state intelligence actors and non-state actors.
Purpose: to give a definition of proxy intelligence, to determine the meaning of "intelligence service" in the political process, to classify intelligence actors using the example of the United States. Briefly review the activities of the main US intelligence actors.
Methodology: the analysis of the activities of both US state intelligence actors and non-state actors was carried out. The history of the interaction of non-state intelligence actors with state intelligence actors and authorities has been studied. The intelligence product proposed by the authors was studied. Specific organizations involved in US intelligence activities have been studied. The paper uses methods of studying documents, content analysis and a comparative method. The methodological basis of the work is the source study analysis.
Result: thanks to the study, it was found that the United States in its political activities actively resorts to the help of non-state intelligence actors, and private intelligence companies in particular. Their role, contribution and significance in the development of foreign policy decisions are established. The "intelligence service" is systematized precisely as a service provided by intelligence actors to their customers.
Practical significance: the findings became the basis for the development of practical recommendations for the Russian authorities on building communication and business relations with Russian private intelligence companies.
Based on the results obtained, a curriculum and a course of lectures in the direction of "Political Science", a master's program "Information and Hybrid Wars" at Moscow State University were prepared.
Key words: outsourced intelligence, contract intelligence, hired intelligence, private intelligence, intelligence actors, corporate intelligence, dark intelligence, hybrid warfare, hybrid intelligence, non-classical warfare, proxy warfare, proxy intelligence.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.033
TAMUNDELE JEAN-BAPTIST NGUAY Postgraduate student of Kazan (Privolzhsky) federal university, Kazan, Russia
RUSSIAN-AFRICA RELATIONS: MORAL VALUES AS THE BASIS OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY?
In the sphere of interstate relations, a huge role is played by moral imperatives that determine the international agenda. The pursuit of the common good can be considered the main goal of a fair foreign policy, since the system of value orientations corresponding to it is creative in nature and enduring, while social injustice, dictate from the powerful of this world, encouragement of radicalism and extremism, lead to an imbalance and subsequently result in violence, war crimes, oppression, the war of "all against all".
The purpose of this article is to try to formulate a system of principles and approaches on the basis of which today there is a revival of full-fledged and comprehensive relations (in the field of social and economic development, scientific, technical and political cooperation) between Russia and the countries of the African continent.
We consider the reference points of the comfort zone in modern Russian-African relations to be the values of trust and humanism recognized by the world community, on the basis of which the current vector of Russian diplomacy seems to be built. It is no coincidence that in the title of the article we put the thesis about moral values as the basis of public diplomacy, which in the context of our study can be called a high mission - a real "new gospel" with which Russia addresses the peoples of Africa.
Of course, in our study, we will also turn to the trail of foreign policy relations established between Africa and Western countries, taking into account the difficult history of these relations. Turning to the events taking place on the African continent today, and to those that preceded them many decades ago, one involuntarily asks difficult questions. What is historical memory? How much has Africa and Africans changed? What was irretrievably lost, and what, on the contrary, was found? What is the main idea, the missionary role, the very “new gospel” that Russia brings to the peoples of the African continent, who had previously been “evangelized” and experienced the brunt of colonial oppression? Finally, what real means does Russia have to effectively "preach" high values in the field of diplomacy, and are these means sufficient to ensure sustainable and mutually beneficial cooperation with African countries in the long term?
Key words: public diplomacy, Central Africa, Russian-African relations.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.034
D.M. TLEZHUKOVA Postgraduate student of the Department of History of Political Parties and social movements of the Faculty of History, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION (SCO) AND COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION (CSTO) IN ENSURING REGIONAL SECURITY IN CENTRAL ASIA
This article examines the activities of the SCO and CSTO international organizations in the field of security in the Central Asian region. The author educed the threats for stability and security in Central Asia, described the fundamental principles of organizations and their methods of struggle against the threat, gave an appraisal of CSTO and SCO in resolving crisis situations. The author concludes that it is necessary to increase the potential of operational forces, pay more attention to preventive measures against attempts to destabilize the political situation. CSTO is considered as the organization for military and security cooperation. SCO is related with cross-border criminal issues, such as extremism, terrorism, drug trafficking.
Key words: Russia, Central Asia, Central Asia, China, security, threats, Afghanistan, SCO, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, CSTO, Collective Security Treaty Organisation, terrorism, extremism, integration, collective security system.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.035
HU RONG Head of Human Resources, Shanghai Fuxing Bund Commercial Co, China
US-IRAN SECURITY GAME AND CHINESE COUNTERMEASURES
The ongoing ferment of the Iranian issue has not only become a trigger for a new round of crisis in the Middle East, but also has a profound impact on China's economic, political and strategic interests. After the United States launched the war in Afghanistan, the war in Iraq and the beginning of the "Arab Spring", especially after the signing of the "Iranian nuclear agreement" in 2015, Iran quickly rose in the Middle East and became one of the major powers. The rise of Iran not only harms the interests of Israel and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East, but also threatens US hegemony in the Middle East. In this context, in order to curb the growth of Iran's influence in the Middle East, it is necessary to exert all possible and maximum pressure on Iran, including military containment of Iran. A military confrontation between the US and Iran begins. Based on the analysis of literature, historical analysis, comparative analysis and case analysis, this article examines the history of the military confrontation between the United States and Iran. The "heating" of the Iranian issue is also connected with how China in the new era can actively act on the world stage, play the role of a responsible large country. Therefore, an in-depth study of Iran's predicament and the proposed countermeasures are of clear theoretical significance and far-reaching practical significance.
Key words: Iranian predicament, US-Iranian relations, Iranian issue, Trump administration, situation in the Middle East, military confrontation, economic sanctions.
STUDENT SCIENCE
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.036
D.S. SAPARBEKOVA Master's student of the Faculty of Journalism of the Russian Academy of Sciences and GS, Moscow, Russia
THE MEDIA IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY
The article is devoted to the problems of modern mass media in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is noted that the issue of adopting a new law on the media is currently on the agenda. In order to prepare it on the portal "Opening of the NPA", the draft Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Mass Media". It is planned to expand the status of a journalist, consider the concept of "Internet advertising", transition to funding through grants subsidizing traditional media such as newspapers and magazines. The necessity of training a professional pool of journalists is emphasized, taking into account the most important strategic tasks facing the state.
Key words: mass media, Kazakhstan, journalist, state.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.037
D.V. BRATKOVSKAYA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
E.I. GORBENKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THE ROLE OF THE UN IN THE SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS: WAYS AND TOOLS
Over the years, the United Nations has played an important role in preventing international crises and resolving protracted conflicts. The UN conducted complex operations related to the establishment and maintenance of peace and the provision of humanitarian assistance. In the modern realities of world politics, new threats and conflicts have arisen, which, in the context of the globalization process, undermine the security and stability of entire regions and groups of countries. Today, interstate conflicts are still one of the leading factors of instability in the international space, which pose a threat not only to the participants in the conflict, but to the entire world community. That is why the main task of the UN, as the largest and most authoritative international organization in the modern world, is to maintain international peace and security through the cooperation of the member states of this Organization.
In this article, the authors explore the methods, strategies and tools that the UN uses in the course of its activities to resolve international conflicts. The subtleties and differences in the concepts of the Organization's peacekeeping activities are analyzed.
Key words: international relations, international terrorism, international economy, United Nations, UN, international conflicts, war, international law, settlement methods, peacekeeping mission, security, modern threats.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.038
YU.S. KUZIURA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
A.L. RYCHKOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
THE ROLE OF SPORT AS A TOOL OF "SOFT POWER" IN THE POLITICS OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC COUNTRIES
In the near future, the Asia-Pacific region will remain one of the priority areas for the development of cooperation for Russia. The Russian "Turn to the East" is due to the actual concentration of the new political and economic center of the world in the Asia-Pacific region, its formation as a dynamically and steadily developing region, as well as common territorial borders. Building good neighborly relations in the Asia-Pacific region is an important task for our country, in solving which it is useful to turn to the concept of "soft power": its direct application, as well as an analysis of its use in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
The authors considers professional international sports to be an important tool of "soft power". In the article, he examines the effectiveness of the use of "sports diplomacy", characterizes its implementation by individual states of the Asia-Pacific countries, and also concludes that the impact of sport on international relations is significant as a way to "soften" the foreign policy situation.
Key words: international relations, foreign policy, Asia-Pacific, China, Japan, Korea, Russia, soft power, sports, diplomacy, sports diplomacy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.039
D.V. LOKTIONOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
V.S. MYASNIKOV Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
E.V. STAKHNO Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FACTOR ON THE ECONOMIC STABILITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
The well-being of the state economy is always threatened; the conditions of the modern global market are far from ideal, which means that the prosperity of both external and internal economic systems of any country depends on the measures taken by its leadership, responding to the emergence of new and new threats. There is no doubt that the most devastating and striking disaster for global economic stability in the 21st century has been the Covid-19 pandemic. No country can boast that the epidemic has not contributed to and affected its economic policy. A significant actor in the Asia-Pacific region – the Republic of Korea – is no exception; it is this state and its response to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on its own economic well-being that are at the center of this study.
The author of the article focuses on the implementation of the South Korean leadership of those steps that were a response to the economic crisis that was the result of the impact of the coronavirus epidemic. The degree of destructiveness of the impact of the pandemic on the well-being and functioning of the country's economic agenda is being studied.
Key words: international economy, international relations, economic crisis, economic threat, pandemic, covid, lockdown, economic stability, pandemic impact, Republic of Korea, Asia-Pacific.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.040
M.M. MELNIKOVA Master-degree student, Far Eastern Federal University, Ussuriysk, Russia
P.R. ZAINULLINA Master-degree student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.R. GORYACHEV Student of the Department of International Relations, Far Eastern Federal University Vladivostok, Russia
CHINA'S REGIONAL POLICY: THE CASE OF THE XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION AND THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF TIBET
This article is focused on the issues of regional policy of the PRC, the subject of the study is the domestic policy regarding peripheral regions, and the object is the development of the Xinjiang Uygur and Tibet Autonomous Regions. The article analyzed the reasons for the current position of the above elements in the state system of China, as well as possible ways to resolve problematic aspects.
Key words: domestic policy of the PRC, autonomous regions of the PRC, regional policy.
DOI 10.35775/PSI.2022.88.12.041
K.A. MARTSINKEVICH Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.A. VOLZHANIN Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
D.V. LITVINENKO Student of Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
RUSSIAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS: PRIME MINISTER'S COURSE AND PROSPECTS FOR RECOVERY
International relations are an indispensable element of politics. Mutually beneficial cooperation helps countries to develop and strengthen their potential for influence. The events of 2022 put Russia at the disadvantage, not only the entire collective West, but also the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, rebelled against it. Japan, neighbor of Russia, with whom relations had been built for many years, severed the threads of contact that were too important for it in a larger way.
The object of the paper is Russian-Japanese relations, which came to a standstill after Yoshihide Suga came to power, and almost completely ceased to exist with the arrival of Fumio Kishida.
The first part of the study analyzes the policies of Yoshihide Suga and Fumio Kishida toward Russia and examines the problematic aspects of the interaction of these politicians with the Russian side. The second part deals with modern process of Russian-Japanese relations, examines problematic issues of interaction and prospects for restoration of contact between the countries.
Key words: International relations, Russia, Japan, Russia-Japan relations, Kuril question, Shinzo Abe, Yoshihide Suga, Fumio Kishida.