№ 2 (54), 2020

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Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 10-1 (98-1), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Krutov A.V. Modernization of Classical Political Science Theories Through a Combination of Different Methodological Approaches (by the Example of the Description of the Functions of the Political System)

Leskova I.V. Origins and Causes of Political Populism

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

Sviridenko E.A. A Symphony of the State and the Church in the Eyes the Josephlanes and the Non-Covenants

Ashcheulov O.E. On the Question of Soviet Assistance to China in the War Against Japan (1943-1945)

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Brodskaya N.P. Large Language Models: Generative AI Models as a Tool of Influence in the Social Space of Modern Society

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Popov S.I., Grishin O.E., Nesterchuk O.A. Trends in the Transformation of Tools for Holding Elections to State Authorities and Local Self-Government

Bigulov S.A. Comparative Analysis of the Parliament of the Republic of Albania and the Regional Parliaments of Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom

Wang Xiaoqun, Konkov A.E. Problems of Implementation of Development Projects within the Framework of the Cultural Policy of the State

Privalov V.A. Ethno-Cultural Backgrounds for Genesis of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Morozov D.A. Interrelation of Geopolitics and Geo-Economics in the Modern World: Features of Scientific Discourse

Stolyarova A.N., Glebova I.A., Khairulina T.P., Knyazeva O.V., Novoselsky S.O. Environmental Policy in Socially Responsible Behavior of Corporations

Gryadunov Yu.Yu. The Regulatory Framework of the State Policy for the Protection of Traditional Values

Ksenofontova K.M., Fadeeva N.V., Ignatova M.N., Novoselsky S.O., Zolkin A.L. Policy for Managing Youth Entrepreneurship as an Instrument for Economic Transformation

Ksenofontova K.M., Chunikhina A.A., Danilov M.V., Ponomarev E.E., Novoselsky S.O. Economic Assessment of the Policy of Socially Responsible Behavior of Corporations

Kovalchuk A.G. Development of State-Civil Interaction in Modern Russia: Federal and Regional Programs

Goncharova N.V., Ignatova M.N., Novoselsky S.O., Biryukov I.A., Panova A.I. Foreign Experience in Implementing the Policy of Digitalization of Healthcare: Economic Assessment of the World Telemedicine Market

Poyarkov R.A. The Use of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Transformation of Public Service

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Linkova E.V., Kryazheva-Kartseva E.V., Georgieva N.G., Zverev V.V., Chernikova T.V. The Image of Latin America in the Russian Political Thought of the XIX Century: Features and Evolution

Abramov V.L. Countermeasures by Iran and Venezuela to Overcome Long-Term Sanctions Limitations

Agonnoude Bidoley Vianney Freddy. Digital Transformation During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Experiences from Sub-Saharan Africa

Pisarenko S.S. The Expanding of US Military Presence in the Indo-Pacific

Spasov A.A. The US Military-Political Operation on the Balkan Track as a Threat to Russian-Serbian Interstate Relations

Davydov S.D. US Information Policy in Southeast Asia in the Mid-2010s to the First Half of the 2020s.

Kopylov I.A. Management of National Defense in the Public Administration System of the Russian Federation

Lu Wanqing, Xu Mengzhu. Formation and Development of a New Eurasia

Tushkov A.A., Maximova T.D. International Aspects in the Study of Legitimation and Positioning Socio-Political Structures of Modern China

Khasanova K.E. Countering Global Increase in Drug Use Through the Prism of J. Law’s Social Topology

Shen Lihua, Du Yilin, Suo Lingfeng. Moldova’s Foreign Policy Vectors Against the Backdrop of the Russian Special Military Operation

Poturukhin V.D. Prospects of Globalization and Globalism in International Relations

STUDENT SCIENCE

Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A., Kostina A.D. Unilateral Restrictive Measures: Concept, Types and Specifics

Zhang Zhan. Soft Power and the Status Quo of China's Soft Power

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.001

A.V. KRUTOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia

MODERNIZATION OF CLASSICAL POLITICAL SCIENCE THEORIES THROUGH A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM)

In the modern world, it has become increasingly difficult to describe political events using previous methods and approaches. The isolation of doctrines and methodologies in political science leads to its crisis. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the possibility of describing unpredictable political phenomena by combining different approaches without their conflict. The functions of the political system developed in the middle of the XX century by G. Almond and others are considered with the help of A. Badiou's modern event theory and methods of nonlinear dynamics. The purpose of the article is to modernize the concept of the political system, using a methodological synthesis that reveals the cognitive possibilities of combining different approaches in describing an event. Politics (according to Badiou) is the subject's actions on the way to a singular event from a situation with uncertainty. The stages of such development (pre-political situation, the beginning of the formation of the subject, procedure and event) associated with Almond's functions for the political system are revealed. Their new content is shown for two groups: the "internal state" (socialization, recruitment, communication) and the main ones (articulation, aggregation, course development, adjudication). In the course of the study, a theoretical and methodological analysis was carried out, a systematic approach and set theory were applied, the role of the subject was designated. By necessity, Badiou's terms are used in his dialectical ontology. Works by J.-M. Denquin, J. Rancière and other foreign and Russian researchers. The practical significance of combining methodologies is noted, and the "Navalny phenomenon" is used as its illustration. At the end, conclusions are drawn about the expansion of the boundaries of methodologies and process management tools, which improves the quality of event forecasting.

Key words: G. Almond, A. Badiou, methodology, situation, event, functions, system, process, nonlinear dynamics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.002

I.V. LESKOVA Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Candidate of Political Sciences, professor, head Department of Political Science and Applied political work of the Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

ORIGINS AND CAUSES OF POLITICAL POPULISM

In the article, the authors analyze the problems of political populism, economic, social and cultural causes of populism. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to consider populism, left and/or right-wing populism in a comprehensive perspective, both in the general theoretical spectrum of research tasks, and at specific levels of certain incidents.

The goal is to analyze the causes and origins of the demand for political populism, to formulate the existing trends of populism as a political phenomenon.

The research methods were general scientific methods, including the logical-intuitive approach to the study of populism, the method of comparative analysis that allows you to compare the signs and foundations of the concepts of populism and existing political cultures.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the formulation of the causes and origins of political populism, the signs of populism and the relationship between legal populism of the parties of the EU countries and Euroscepticism.

Conclusions. The article states that the reasons for the growth of political populism is the disappointment of citizens with the socio-economic policy pursued by the state, which results in a decrease in trust in the authorities. The article presents the results of sociological research in the EU countries, which state the growing trend of political populism, the growth of the political proposal of right-wing parties in European countries. Populism researchers write about the paradoxes of the category of populism, since, on the one hand, populism acts as a direct manifestation of democracy and the political participation of citizens, on the one hand, on the other hand, populism can have a destructive effect on democratic institutions and processes.

In the article, the authors conclude that populism is gaining a trend of being in demand by society, in conditions when existing political parties cannot offer voters clear alternatives on important issues that concern society, coalitions are formed that blur the differences between parties, which contributes to the demand for populism.

Key words: populism, politics, political parties, coalitions, public sphere.

POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.003

E.A. SVIRIDENKO M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law, Moscow, Russia

A SYMPHONY OF THE STATE AND THE CHURCH IN THE EYES THE JOSEPHLANES AND THE NON-COVENANTS

The work is devoted to the study of the views of two church groups within the Russian Church in the XV-XVI centuries on the relationship between church and state and the permissible limits of mutual penetration into each other's spheres. The purpose of the article is to clarify the differences in the views of the Josephites and non-possessors and their ideological struggle with each other at the throne of sovereigns for the primacy of their spiritual and political concepts. Spiritual messages to monks and secular rulers, as well as numerous "Messages" and "Hagiographyes" were taken as historical sources. The main research methods were the comparative-historical method and the cause-effect analysis of relationships between historical events. It can be stated that the leader of the Josephites, Joseph Volotsky, and the leader of the non-possessors, Nil Sorsky, looked at the tasks of the Church itself differently, and from this came disputes about allowable contacts with the secular world. Nil Sorsky represented the Church as a gathering of those who have renounced this world, and they should not have strong contacts with the outside world. Joseph considered the symphony and spiritual guidance of the Church over the sovereign, and the figure of the Sovereign as the defender of Orthodoxy, the best option for the development of the state. Also, Western researchers consider the struggle of the Josephites and non-possessors one of the first stages of the struggle between liberalism and conservatism.

Key words: sovereign, royal power, political philosophy, history, politics, religion, Josephites, non-possessors, Joseph Volotsky, Nil Sorsky.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.004

O.E. ASHCHEULOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History and Economic Theory of the State Fire Service Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ON THE QUESTION OF SOVIET ASSISTANCE TO CHINA IN THE WAR AGAINST JAPAN (1943-1945)

The article deals with the actual problem of cooperation in the framework of assistance to China by the Soviet Union in the fight against a common enemy – Japan, during the Second World War. After all, the study of Soviet-Chinese relations is of great importance for understanding modern international relations in Asia and the world as a whole. The purpose of the article is to summarize historical material on the issue of mutual assistance of the USSR and China during the war against Japan for the period from 1943 to 1945, as well as to understand exactly what factors and to what extent hindered the cooperation of the USSR and the Republic of China in the joint counteraction of Japanese aggression in the Far Eastern region. The choice of the research object is due to its relevance and insufficient knowledge of the interaction of the two great powers during the Japanese aggression and World War II from the point of view of diplomatic relations. The methodology of the article is based on general scientific methods of cognition common to the humanities and other sciences, as well as special scientific principles (historicism, objectivity, consistency). In conclusion, the author of the article came to the following conclusions: the stages of assistance were carried out within three stages. The first stage – 1932-1937 – is a period of establishing ties between the countries, as well as restoring previously severed diplomatic relations; the second – 1937-1941 – is a period of active assistance to the PRC from the USSR; The third is 1943-1945, characterized by the fact that countries are preparing for the entry of the USSR into the war with Japan.

Key words: history, Soviet Union, Japanese aggression, World War II, Republic of China, foreign policy, diplomacy, Asia.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.005

N.P. BRODSKAYA Cand. Of Science (Politics), Senior Researcher, Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS: GENERATIVE AI MODELS AS A TOOL OF INFLUENCE IN THE SOCIAL SPACE OF MODERN SOCIETY

Nowadays, the development of AI technologies based on the principles of machine learning has led to serious changes in many areas of public life. At the same time, generative models of artificial intelligence, large language models, are one of the most innovative technologies of recent years. The study examines the current problems of the use of generative AI in the modern social space and the possible risks of its adaptation to the realities of the modern world. Particular attention is paid to the impact of AI technologies on the spread of disinformation and manipulation of public opinion.

Key words: artificial intelligence, AI technologies, generative technologies, large language models, ChatGPT.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.006

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

O.E. GRISHIN Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

O.A. NESTERCHUK Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF TOOLS FOR HOLDING ELECTIONS TO STATE AUTHORITIES AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

The article analyzes the developing trends in modifying the means and methods of holding elections to state authorities and local self-government. Progress in the development of electoral technologies in the context of the emergence of technical innovations has been demonstrated. The debatable problem field that arises when implementing new technologies in election campaigns is outlined. The vectors for further development of remote electronic voting technologies are shown.

Key words: elections, public authorities, local government, electoral technologies, electoral process, election campaigns, remote electronic voting.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.007

S.A. BIGULOV Postgraduate Junior research fellow at SOIGSI of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS, Vladikavkaz, Russia

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA AND THE REGIONAL PARLIAMENTS OF GERMANY, CANADA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

The Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is not a unique unit of regional policy formation either in the Russian Federation or in world practice. The opportunity to look at regional parliaments in other states allows us to identify similarities and differences in the system of public power in the regions. Such an analysis makes it possible to assess the current practice of the functioning of regional parliaments in various foreign countries and to consider potential ways of further development of the Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. For such a comparison, we selected Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom. The Federal Republic of Germany is one of the most developed and richest federations in the world. RAI (Regional Authority Index) Germany is also one of the highest in the world. Canada is the second largest federal state after the Russian Federation. Even under the formal authority of the British Crown, Canada uses the Crown's mandate in regional politics to strengthen the influence of the Legislative Assembly. The United Kingdom, being a unitary state, at the end of the XX century went to regionalism, and revived the parliaments of its constituent kingdoms of Scotland and Wales. The process of regionalization of the unitary state and increasing the importance of regional parliaments makes it possible to verify the possibility of such transformations. The Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is not something strikingly different from the regional parliaments discussed in this article. Thus, it can be argued that in the potential future, further movement towards the rapprochement of the Parliament of the Republic of Albania and the parliaments of foreign states is likely. However, such changes are possible only as a result of the consensus in society on the further modernization of the political system of the republic in the federal structure of the Russian Federation.

Key words: Parliament of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Regional Authority Index, Bavarian Landtag, Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Parliament of Scotland, Senedd.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.008

WANG XIAOQUN Graduate student at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

A.E. KONKOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Department of Political Analysis, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CULTURAL POLICY OF THE STATE

Development projects within the framework of the state's cultural policy make it possible to attract alternative resources, carry out decentralized cultural activities, support partnerships between state structures and non-governmental organizations. In this regard, it is important to consider the challenges faced by major development projects. The article analyzes such problems as the political and legal system of the country, the intangible nature of development projects, the unclear role of sponsors and leaders of development projects.

Key words: cultural policy, project activity, development projects, organizational flexibility.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.009

V.A. PRIVALOV Postgraduate student, School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

ETHNO-CULTURAL BACKGROUNDS FOR GENESIS OF THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT

The purpose of the article is to determine the ethno-cultural backgrounds for the emergence of a conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Within the framework of the article, both theoretical and empirical studies aimed at studying the ethno-cultural backgrounds for the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh were analyzed. Three basic concepts of ethnic identity have been identified that explain the emergence of ethnopolitical conflicts: primordialism, constructivism and instrumentalism. Regarding the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the opinions of researchers are divided – some of the researchers (for example, T. De Waal, A. Tonoyan) adhere to the primordial concept of the conflict, explaining it by the importance of preserving the historically established ethno-cultural values of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh, other researchers (for example, O.Yu. Kuznetsov, M. Kuburas, L. Papazyan) tend to the constructivist concept, emphasizing that the ethno-cultural factors of the conflict are the result of political processes, and not historical "memory". However, as shown by an empirical study conducted by N. Naromanyan in 2022, the population of Nagorno-Karabakh to a greater extent adhere to the primordial concept – the importance of historical memory and centuries-old ethno-cultural values – religion, culture and language. In general, the study made it possible to conclude that the ethno-cultural factor, including the religious and cultural-linguistic identity of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh, along with the territorial one, is one of the most significant prerequisites for this ethno-political conflict, regardless of their historical or acquired as a result of political basis changes.

Key words: ethnopolitical conflict, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, backgrounds of conflict, ethno-cultural background of conflict, primordialism, constructivism.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.010

D.A. MOROZOV PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

INTERRELATION OF GEOPOLITICS AND GEO-ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD: FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the issues of identifying the features, interrelations and mutual influences between geopolitics and geo-economics within the framework of existing scientific concepts. The author substantiates the prospects of using interdisciplinary and synergetic approaches in their analysis and application in political science research. The author comes to the conclusion that within the framework of the dynamics of the scientific explanation of the terms "geo-economics" and "geopolitics", there is an inextricable link between geo-economics and geo-economic strategies with geopolitics as complex parts of a single whole, which indicates the prospects for expanding the scientific understanding of modern geo-economics within the framework of political science. The interdisciplinary approach dictates the need to supplement geopolitical strategies not only with economic aspects, but also with other components: informational, environmental, scientific (intellectual) and cultural.

Key words: geoeconomics, geopolitics, geoeconomic strategy, methodology of geoeconomics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.011

A.N. STOLYAROVA Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Basic Department of Trade Policy FSBEI HE «REU im. G.V. Plekhanov», Moscow, Russia

I.A. GLEBOVA Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Management, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

T.P. KHAIRULINA Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Ecology and Environmental Management Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

O.V. KNYAZEVA Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Theory and Economics of Customs Affairs State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian Customs Academy», Moscow, Russia

S.О. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR OF CORPORATIONS

Introduction: the article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of corporate environmental policy, which is implemented in the wake of socially responsible business behavior. The environmental agenda occupies an important place in the mechanism of corporate social responsibility. The scale of a company's environmental investments depends primarily on the specifics of its economic activities and the level of anthropogenic load on the environment. The need to integrate the environmental component into the CSR space is due to the following reasons: firstly, the overall relevance of reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment, regardless of the form of profit, secondly, government lobbying for environmental projects, thirdly, close public attention to solving environmental problems, what is important for increasing the social status of the company, fourthly, is the visibility of achieving the desired result, which can be quickly replicated in the information space.

Goal and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the features of the implementation of environmental policy in the space of socially responsible behavior of corporations. The article poses and solves the following problems:

– justify the relevance of expanding the scope of the environmental agenda in the structure of corporate social responsibility;

– perform a dynamic and structural analysis of corporate expenses on environmental activities and projects in the socio-economic system of the Russian Federation;

– consider the regional and sectoral distribution of corporate activity in the focus of solving environmental problems.

Research results: the team of authors clarified the theoretical aspects of the substantive essence of corporate environmental responsibility, and also diagnosed key indicators reflecting the environmental activity of corporate structures, including at a regional and industry level.

Key words: environmental policy, socially responsible behavior, corporate social responsibility, environmental costs, environmental measures.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.012

YU.YU. GRYADUNOV Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE STATE POLICY FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL VALUES

To date, traditional values characteristic of Russian society are under pressure from the American and European communities and transnational companies, which indicates the relevance of this study. Purpose of the work: to analyse the normative base of the state policy of protection of traditional values (TC). Hypothesis: the category of "traditional values" in Russia is not a speculative concept that exists solely in the minds of the country's leadership and citizens, but one of the most important directions of state policy, reflected in the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other legislative acts. Results of the work: the provisions of Russian legislative acts were analysed and it was concluded that traditional values in Russia are one of the most important directions of state policy, as they are, firstly, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Articles 2 and 44). Secondly, the task of their preservation and protection shapes the activities of the following executive bodies: the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

Key words: normative framework, traditional values, society, society, patriotism, transnational corporations, strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.013

K.M. KSENOFONTOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Psychology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

N.V. FADEEVA Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Personnel Management of the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Irkutsk State Transport University», Krasnoyarsk, Russia

M.N. IGNATOVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Scientific Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations of the ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

А.L. ZOLKIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Informatics and Computer Science, FSBEI HE «Volga Region State University of Telecommunications and Informatics» (PGUTI), Samara, Russia

POLICY FOR MANAGING YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

Introduction: the article discusses the main aspects of managing youth entrepreneurship as a tool for economic transformation. The team of authors notes the relevance of using the potential of young startupers to implement knowledge-intensive transformations and build a track to achieve technological sovereignty. The demographic group of the population studied in the work has a high level of entrepreneurial activity, risk tolerance and innovative thinking. The set of designated criteria creates conditions for the use of youth business initiatives in the vector of transformation of the national economy. Within the framework of the existing geopolitical situation, the state must provide the most favorable conditions for the intensification of business processes among young people on the basis of administrative, economic, educational and consulting tools.

Goal and objectives: the goal of the work is to conduct a retrospective assessment of the development of the youth start-up market and substantiate the possibilities of using its potential to transform the economy. The following tasks are solved in this work:

– substantiate the relevance of youth entrepreneurship as a tool for economic transformation in conditions of low technological sovereignty;

– analyze the dynamics and segmental priorities of youth startups;

– to focus the general trends in the development of the domestic market for youth startups in the current business environment.

Research results: the team of authors, in the focus of studying the intensity of youth entrepreneurship, assessed the variability of the domestic business environment, analyzed the dynamics of the number and segmentation of youth startups, and also substantiated the growth points of this market in the existing business space. The results of the author's generalizations can become an up-to-date information base for searching for optimal tools for stimulating entrepreneurial activity among young people in a theoretical and practical plane.

Key words: youth entrepreneurship, business activity, public policy, technological development, startup.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.014

K.M. KSENOFONTOVA Senior Lecturer at the Department of Psychology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

A.A. CHUNIKHINA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

M.V. DANILOV Master of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

E.E. PONOMAREV Master of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

S.О. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE POLICY OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR OF CORPORATIONS

Introduction: The paper presents an economic assessment of the policy of socially responsible behavior of corporations. The information base for analytical diagnostics and value judgments was the data from corporate social reporting of Sberbank PJSC, Gazprom PJSC and Lukoil PJSC. The objects of analysis were the directions, targets and volumes of financing of social investments of systemically important domestic corporate structures. The performed dynamic analysis of the basic economic indicators of the implementation of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy showed the presence of a stable track of increasing the capacity of socially responsible behavior. The empirical tools used allow us to talk about the existence of a growing trend of social obligations assumed by companies, which are voluntary in nature and are a form of strategic development. The article substantiates the relevance of intensifying processes in the focus of CSR for solving fundamental socio-economic problems in the current turbulent environment. The importance of CSR is caused by the need to relieve social tension, minimize environmental risks, eliminate social defects and improve the quality of the investment climate.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to conduct an economic assessment of the policy of socially responsible behavior of corporations. The objectives of the study include the following:

– justify the relevance of intensifying processes in the wake of socially responsible behavior of corporations in the current turbulent environment;

– focus the key priorities and basic achieved results of socially responsible behavior of leading domestic companies;

– conduct an economic assessment of the social investment activity of Russian corporate structures.

Results of the study: the team of authors carried out a diagnosis of the economic component of the social investment policy of PJSC Sberbank, PJSC Gazprom and PJSC Lukoil, which allows for an objective assessment of the intensity and scale of socially responsible behavior. The results of the study can be used to form a general picture of the existing CSR potential of domestic companies and develop effective tools for its expansion.

Key words: corporate social responsibility, charity, social investment, social effects, long-term development, social transformation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.015

A.G. KOVALCHUK Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch, Orel, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF STATE-CIVIL INTERACTION IN MODERN RUSSIA: FEDERAL AND REGIONAL PROGRAMS

The article reveals an actual problem of civil participation in governing processes in modern Russia within the framework of special programs at the federal and regional levels. The research goal is to consider the essence of the main programs for state-civil interaction in public administration at the regional and local levels. In the study the following tasks were solved: the conceptual foundations of state-civil interaction in domestic and foreign political science were considered; federal and regional programs were considered, within the framework of which interaction between the state and citizens in modern Russia was possible. The research methodology is based on a systems approach and includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction); as well as a number of special methods: historiographical analysis of the topic being studied; methods of political analysis (system-historical, structural, system-functional). Based on the research results, the author concluded that at the present stage, programs of state-civil interaction are focused on enhancing the civic position, especially in local and regional governments.

Key words: public administration, public-civil management programs, political participation, mechanisms of public-civil interaction, political analysis.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.016

N.V. GONCHAROVA Candidate of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Automated Control Systems and Cybernetics FSBEI HE «OSU named after I.S. Turgenev», Orel, Russia

M.N. IGNATOVA Candidate of pedagogical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

I.A. BIRYUKOV Student of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

A.I. PANOVA Student of the Department of International Relations and government controlled», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING THE POLICY OF DIGITALIZATION OF HEALTHCARE: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE WORLD TELEMEDICINE MARKET

Introduction: the article reflects the results of an economic assessment of the development of the global telemedicine market, which resulted from the implementation of the healthcare digitalization policy in foreign countries. The tools for using telecommunications and digital technologies to provide medical care are actively developing in foreign countries. The formation of a progressive path for the development of telemedicine in most foreign countries occurs in the presence of a comprehensive regulatory legal framework that corresponds to the current conditions and features of the use of telecommunications and digital technologies for the provision of medical care. The presence of a relevant organizational and legal framework helps expand the potential for the use of various types of telemedicine tools, and also establishes a clear and transparent framework for the functioning of medical organizations in this area. The development of telemedicine occurs with the active participation of government agencies. Forms of state support are of a different nature, which is due to the specifics of the existing socio-economic formation and the peculiarities of the methods of state regulation of the economy used. An important form of government participation is the activation of digital transformation processes of the national healthcare system.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the results of the implementation of the digitalization policy of healthcare in foreign countries through the prism of an economic assessment of the global telemedicine market. The article poses and solves the following problems:

– highlight the relevance of implementing digital transformations in healthcare in the current socio-economic environment;

– analyze key dynamic and structural indicators of the functioning of the global telemedicine market;

– group regional features of the development of the global telemedicine market.

Research results: the team of authors carried out a comprehensive diagnosis of the functioning of the global telemedicine market in the focus of analyzing the dynamics of its value volume and segmentation structure, and also carried out a study of investment activity and regional features of the intensification of the digital transformation of healthcare. The generalizations made allow us to form an objective picture of the current state and trends in the development of digitalization of healthcare in the wake of the use of telecommunication technologies.

Key words: digital transformation, healthcare, telemedicine, global market, foreign experience.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.017

R.A. POYARKOV Post-graduate student, Central Russian Institute of Management – branch (Orel), Orel, Russia; founder, R Group LLC, Moscow, Russia

THE USE OF BIG DATA AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC SERVICE

In the context of the digital transformation of the public service, the article discusses the features and problems of using arrays of information (Big Data), which are entrusted with making informed decisions in public administration, as well as the relevance of using artificial intelligence technologies in order to improve the type of service under consideration and its mechanism in our state. In conclusion, we come to the conclusion that in modern Russia, which is developing towards the integration of digital technologies into everyday life, public relations in the field of state regulation, bring to the fore new requirements for one of the forms of state activity. That is why it is undergoing changes that will fully respond to digital transformation in the future. In this regard, one of the many long-term strategic projects is being implemented on the territory of our country – the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation, which began in 2018, the implementation of which should be completed in 2024. However, no matter how amazing it may look, not all citizens have mastered or acquired modern means of digital communication, which entails prospects for survival in the conditions of artificial intelligence and competition with it.

Key words: public administration, digitalization, long-term strategic project, artificial intelligence, Big Data, Internet, digital economy, transformation, Russian Federation, neural network, national program, information society.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.018

E.V. LINKOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Russian History of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

E.V. KRYAZHEVA-KARTSEVA Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Russian History of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

N.G. GEORGIEVA , Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Russian History of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.V. ZVEREV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center "History of Russia in the XIX – early XX century", Moscow, Russia

T.V. CHERNIKOVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department the World and national history of MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia

THE IMAGE OF LATIN AMERICA IN THE RUSSIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT OF THE XIX CENTURY: FEATURES AND EVOLUTION

The article reveals the multifaceted image of Latin America formed in the Russian public consciousness of the XIX century. Moreover, the main subject of the study is the picture of ideas about the Latin American continent, which has become a part of the foreign policy constructions of Russian thinkers. It is in their concepts, reflecting all the specifics of Russia's international course, its position on the world stage, and relations with European countries, that it is possible to identify the main features of that image of a distant continent, which at the same time attracted Russian travelers with its uniqueness, and was considered as a possible new force that could influence the pan-European situation.

The authors draw a conclusion about the versatility of ideas about Latin America in Russian society, formed under the influence of the notes of travelers and diplomats, as well as those judgments that were broadcast by representatives of the socio-political thought of Russia on the pages of magazines and newspapers. It is difficult to say unequivocally how objective this image was. However, by the middle of the XIX century for Russian thinkers, it becomes obvious that Latin America has gradually turned into a region that has a significant impact on the European agenda, in a certain way changing the foreign policy course of countries such as, for example, France and the Great Britain. In addition, many events on the American continent (in particular, the Mexican campaign of Napoleon III) took place in parallel with the transformation of the system that developed after the Crimean War of 1853-1856, and this could not but affect the interests of Russia, which wanted to cancel the restrictive articles of the Paris Peace of 1856 as soon as possible. For this reason, both official St. Petersburg and Russian public and political figures closely followed what was happening in Latin America, gave assessments of the current situation, and made attempts to predict how Latin American issues would affect the rhetoric of European countries and their policies on the European continent. Finally, the authors note that by the second half of the XIX century, the processes and events that took place in Latin America were considered in the Russian discursive field not only as part of the global system. Russian thinkers were attracted to this aspect in the context of the development of the theory of cultural and historical types, a kind of civilizational approach of the second half of the XIX century.

Key words: Latin America, imagology, public and politcal thought, foreign policy, history of ideas, Mexico, Brazil, theory of "cultural and historical types".

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.019

V.L. ABRAMOV Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, chief researcher at the Institute for International Studies economic relations; Professor of the Department of World Economy and Global Finance (DME and MF) Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

COUNTERMEASURES BY IRAN AND VENEZUELA TO OVERCOME LONG-TERM SANCTIONS LIMITATIONS

The relevance, scientific and practical significance of the article is due to the fact that the Russian economy was subjected to unprecedented sanctions from a number of other unfriendly countries. The purpose of the article is to analyze the long-term sanctions restrictions that were imposed on Iran and Venezuela as sovereign states defending their political and economic interests and national identity. The urgent task was to summarize the best practices and counter-sanction measures that they used to overcome sanctions restrictions, and to assess the possibilities of their use in Russian conditions.

It is shown that over the past decades, sanctions restrictions have become systematically used as an instrument of political economic pressure from the United States and EU countries on states that do not share the ideology of a monopolar world order. It analyzes the countermeasures that target countries use to reduce the impact of sanctions on their economies, circumvent them, or impose the costs of their implementation on the initiating countries themselves. The focus of the analysis is the counter-sanction measures that Iran and Venezuela used to overcome sanctions on the export of oil resources, as an important source of socio-economic development.

The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of state and municipal bodies and Russian companies to overcome sanctions restrictions.

Key words: sanctions restrictions, Iran, Venezuela, counter-sanctions, monopolar world order.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.020

AGONNOUDE BIDOLEY VIANNEY FREDDY Ph.D. in Political science. Assistant at the Department of Public Policy and history of state and law. Law Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EXPERIENCES FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

The article is devoted to the issue of digital transformation in the African region. The author examines the digital tools and measures taken by governments in sub-Saharan Africa to mitigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic is identified by the author as the main driver of digital transformation in African countries in 2020-2022.

Key words: digital transformation, sub-Saharan Africa, Covid-19 pandemic, digital tools, government services.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.021

S.S. PISARENKO Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

THE EXPANDING OF US MILITARY PRESENCE IN THE INDO-PACIFIC

This article examines the use of the capabilities of countries supporting the "Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision" to provide member states with modern weapons aimed at countering the growing threat from China and North Korea. The article analyzed official statements by heads of state, representatives of the ministries of foreign affairs, and ministries of defense. The study found that the transfer of modern weapons occurs through programs to strengthen coast guards and control shipping lines, as well as on a regular basis through defense programs concluded between allies. Over the past few months, reports, summits, and statements from the US Department of Defense and allied states have traced the agenda of building up military capabilities in the Indo-Pacific region against the “subverters of the international order” represented by China and the DPRK. US foreign policy chiefs, together with allies, are building a certain rhetoric during the game for dominance in the Indo-Pacific region, condemning the authoritarian actions of the People's Republic of China, combining methods of active propaganda and the use of open channels for negotiations with China. Despite the fact that the concept of a “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Region” provides for ensuring freedom of seas and airspace in the Indo-Pacific, the main aim remains to ensure the systematic development of economies, solving climate and environmental problems, to develop humanitarian aid corridor and a modern system of healthcare. The United States, in turn, sees the opportunity to benefit from an indirect clash with its enemy, China, by arming and training its allies under various pretexts, and sometimes without any of them.

Key words: Indo-Pacific region, US foreign policy, Chinese foreign policy, IPR, militarization of IPR, trilateral cooperation between Japan, South Korea and the USA.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.022

A.A. SPASOV Ph.D. in Political Science, Assistant of the Department of Political Analysis and Socio-Psychological Processes, Russian University of Economics named after G.V. Plekhanov, Moscow, Russia

THE US MILITARY-POLITICAL OPERATION ON THE BALKAN TRACK AS A THREAT TO RUSSIAN-SERBIAN INTERSTATE RELATIONS

This article examines a modern US military-political operation aimed at a controlled escalation of the Kosovo-Serbian conflict through a partial transport blockade of Serbian municipalities located in Kosovo and Metohija. Political and military pressure was exerted on the Serbian government in order to reorient Belgrade from interstate interaction with Moscow to building cooperation with Washington. The author records two stages of the military-political operation, in which KFOR ("Forces for Kosovo") and the political leadership of Kosovo and Metohija were involved. The operation began after Washington's unsuccessful attempts to influence Serbia's position towards Russia through blackmail and the imposition of sanctions. The author notes that the military-political operation did not lead to proper results for Washington, since interstate relations between Russia and Serbia maintain positive dynamics in the development of bilateral cooperation. At the end of the article, the directions of cooperation between Belgrade and Moscow in matters of security from external threats and military-political operations are outlined.

Key words: military-political operation, Kosovo-Serbian conflict, USA, interstate relations, Russia, Serbia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.023

S.D. DAVYDOV Lecturer, University under the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of EurAsEC, the Chair for Social and Humanitarian Disciplines, Moscow, Russia

US INFORMATION POLICY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE MID-2010S TO THE FIRST HALF OF THE 2020S.

A very important part of modern international relations is information policy, which is carried out by various actors. The conditions that currently exist in the information space provide new opportunities for its implementation, for improving the interaction between elements that are one way or another involved in world politics and in relevant processes. The nature of such interaction can be different: from cooperation to informational confrontation. This is often associated with the actor’s desire to expand its own influence on other actors, including cultural, political, value, and technological influence. The purpose of the article is to analyze the characteristic features of US information policy in Southeast Asia (in a number of states in the region) in the period from the mid-2010s to the first half of the 2020s. The main documents of BBG/USAGM (American organizations implementing information policy) concerning the countries of Southeast Asia and the steps taken by these organizations in the region during this period for the purpose of information impact in various forms are considered. As a result, the article provides a description of the information policy of the United States in the region, including the main factor determining its properties and changes.

Key words: USA, Southeast Asia, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, information activity, information policy, BBG, USAGM.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.024

I.A. KOPYLOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Moscow, Russia SPIN code: 5319-6005, AuthorID: 695158

NATIONAL DEFENSE MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article examines the functioning of the Russian public administration system in the conditions of modern interstate confrontation, analyzes its main subsystems, the function of which is to ensure the defense and security of the country. Attention is focused on the need for further scientific research into the subsystem of public administration – national defense management, the importance of which is currently steadily increasing.

Key words: public administration system, interstate confrontation, theoretical and methodological foundations, defense management: management of the national defense of the Russian Federation, ensuring security.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.025

LU WANQING Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

XU MENGZHU Postgraduate student, Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW EURASIA

For Russia, Asia has been and occupies the second place among Russia's strategic priorities. Russia's partnership with China and India began only in the mid-90s on the initiative of Primakov E.M., who at that time was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia. But to take a course to the East, Russia was promoted by the deterioration of relations with the West in 2014.

For Russia, one of the most important aspects were two:

– Close ties with China;

– Bilateral approach in relations with other countries.

The goal of the modern partnership between Russia and Asia is to create and build a "Greater Eurasia", which will include both geopolitical, military, informational and cultural aspects.

Key words: international relations, Russian-Chinese cooperation, regional relations, Russia's foreign policy course, China's economic development strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.026

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Moscow, Russia

T.D. MAXIMOVA Postgraduate Student of the Department of International Relations and Law Vladivostok State University, Vladivostok, Russia

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS IN THE STUDY OF LEGITIMATION AND POSITIONING SOCIO-POLITICAL STRUCTURES OF MODERN CHINA

The proposed article is devoted to an urgent topic that explores the international aspects of legitimation and positioning in the activities of the political leadership of modern China. The author examines some aspects in the activities of a number of states that influence the formation of the internal political landscape of the People's Republic of China to one degree or another. These are such formats of political transformation as "from the translateral form of relations of the post-Westphalian world order to the format according to the rules in the era of chaotic fluctuations of the crumbling world", "practice in the period of geopolitical procrastination" and "asynchronous multipolarity".

Key words: China, BRICS, G7, geopolitical procrastination, asynchronous multipolarity, Southeast Asia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.027

K.E. KHASANOVA PhD Student, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Department of International and National Security, Moscow, Russia

COUNTERING GLOBAL INCREASE IN DRUG USE THROUGH THE PRISM OF J. LAW’S SOCIAL TOPOLOGY

Introduction. The article studies an application range of actor-network theory (ANT) in political science. By laying a particular emphasis on variable forms of social coordination, J. Law’s concept opens up a wide field of research in current issues of international relations through the prism of social topology. Meanwhile, for more than half a century the question of effectiveness of different anti-drug strategies has been one of the most acute dilemmas of world politics.

Purpose and objectives. The aim of the study was to present a comparative analysis of the punitive and non-punitive drug policy models in terms of ANT. The review allowed to identify the mechanism of building each of the strategies and to reveal specific conditions under which they maintain their integrity. The following tasks were set to achieve the goal: 1) defining the components of two anti-drug models’ ‘network form’; 2) describing the physical level of spatiality in drug policy; 3) exploring stable and unstable connections of the entities.

Methods. The research combines both general scientific (analysis, synthesis and observation) and specific methods, including the structural-functional method.

Results. The author concludes that the core of significant relations of anti-drug policies is receptive to changes in public sentiment. That is exactly why the core is prone to disruption. Therefore, multifold capabilities of J. Law’s social topology let the theory become a far-reaching instrument in forecasting morphogenetic transformations in various regions when it comes to adoption of new counterdrug activities.

Key words: narcotic drugs, anti-drug policy, actor-network theory, social topology, increase in drug use.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.028

SHEN LIHUA Professor of the Center for the Study of Russian Language, Literature and Culture, Director of the Center for Ukrainian Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

DU YILIN PhD student at the Center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

SUO LINGFENG PhD student at the Center for Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China

MOLDOVA’S FOREIGN POLICY VECTORS AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF THE RUSSIAN SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION

As a small Eastern European country neighboring Ukraine, Moldova has attracted close international attention since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The spillover effects of the conflict have had a significant impact on Moldova's domestic and foreign policy. In the area of foreign policy, Moldova continues the process of integration into the European Union and strengthens cooperation with NATO, but at the same time demonstrates a higher anti-Russian sentiment on the international stage. The competition between Russia and the EU and NATO around Moldova will become more intense, Moldova will face even more difficult choices.

Key words: foreign policy, Moldova, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, geopolitical competition.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.029

V.D. POTURUKHIN Postgraduate student, Faculty of Global Studies Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia

PROSPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBALISM IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The modern conditions of the process of international interaction, characterized by the growing geopolitical and geo-economic tension between the hegemon of the world order configuration approved in the last decade of the twentieth century and the newly emerging poles of power of international relations, are accompanied by polarization processes in the trade, economic, military-political, information and ideological spheres of society, demonstrating pronounced deglobalization trends. At the same time, it seems unreasonable to assert the irreversibility of modern disintegration processes due to the fundamental objectivity of the phenomenon of globalization, which is currently experiencing only another downward wave of its own cycle, the long-term trend of which remains unchanged – the growth of interconnection and interdependence of all peoples of the world. At the same time, the statement about the "death" of the phenomenon of globalism, which is currently undergoing a stage of compression and concentration of forces on the eve of a new upward wave with fundamentally new participants and globalization projects, looks premature.

Key words: globalization, globalism, globalization projects, world order, international relations.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.030

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

UNILATERAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES: CONCEPT, TYPES AND SPECIFICS

The topic of unilateral restrictive measures as an instrument of coercion among international actors is becoming more and more relevant. This tool is widely used in the modern world community and can have serious consequences for economic, political and social relations between states and companies.

In the article the authors define and formulate the concept of unilateral restrictive measures and their classification, study the main principles and mechanisms of their application.

Key words: international relations, security, restrictive measures, legal regulation, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.98-1.10-1.031

ZHANG ZHAN Bachelor's degree, Faculty of International Relations, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

SOFT POWER AND THE STATUS QUO OF CHINA'S SOFT POWER

The article discusses issues related to the "soft power" status quo of China's "soft power". The purpose of the study is to study the soft power and the status quo of China's soft power. The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The current state of China's "soft power" is considered. Next, we will study the system of public cultural services. The system of education reform in China is considered. The author of the article notes that the right to an international voice covers a wide range of areas, such as politics and economics, and attaches greater importance to international public opinion. The importance of strengthening China's "soft power" in the 21st century is emphasized. In addition, the main characteristics of China's "soft power" have been studied. Strengthening cultural soft power is an unavoidable requirement for strengthening comprehensive national power. Strengthening cultural soft power is an important means of protecting national security and interests. Strengthening cultural soft power is an important way to shape the country's image. The concept of "national image" is studied. The process of development of China's "soft power" is considered. The main problems in the development of China's cultural "soft power" are studied, among which are noted: insufficient ability to transform the cultural resources of "soft power", the main part of the cultural construction of "soft power" has certain defects, the development of the cultural industry is backward, and motivation for cultural endeavors is insufficient. The directions for strengthening China's cultural soft power have been studied.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the soft power and the status quo of China's soft power.

Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: Today's world is in a historical period of great upheavals, major adjustments, major changes and major development, differentiation and combination of international forces and the continuous evolution of the structure of interests in international relations. The trend of the development of the multipolarity of the world, which has emerged since the end of the twentieth century, meets the objective requirements of cultural diversity and the democratization of international relations. Against this background, the desire for peace, stability, cooperation and development has become an irresistible historical trend. Thus, the commitment to promote the multipolarity of the world structure and the formation of the image of a responsible big country contributes to the improvement of China's national soft power. Regarding China's soft power, many experts have repeatedly stressed in interviews that they should have a clear understanding. China's economic development path and the concept of building a harmonious society have also been confirmed by the world, and its soft power has improved.

Conclusions: In the current international situation, the goal of China's foreign policy should not only be to create a peaceful environment conducive to economic construction, but also to pay attention to how to improve the international image of my country and expand friendly relations, as well as whether it can effectively implement the foreign policy policy of a harmonious world. China should respect the existing international order, protect its national interests in the existing international order, international system and international mechanism, know and effectively apply existing international rules and practices, and actively participate in consultations, formulation and multilateral development of relevant international affairs and international rules. Diplomatic activity, properly maintain diplomatic relations with major Powers, neighboring countries and developing countries, live in friendly relations and cooperate with all countries of the world in accordance with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and other recognized international relations norm.

Key words: status quo, China's soft power, foreign policy.

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Academic Journal “Political Science Issues”. Volume 13, Issue 11-2 (99-2), 2023

CONTENTS

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

Kamenskaya G.V. The Main Stages of the Evolution of Liberalism

NATIONAL HISTORY

Vlasov M.Ya. Features of the Device and Organization of Political Life and Government Practices of Nuclear Cities and Scientific Cities of the USSR

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

Duan Ruoyi. Political Potential of Modern Fan Culture

Chuzhikov N.A., Nechay E.E. The Concept of Ethnic Nationalism in the Works of M.O. Menshikov

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

Stepanov S.A., Ivanova E.A. Social Networks as a Field of Information Wars in Modern Politics

Smirnov N.M., Popov S.I., Novikova A.V. Methods of Analysis and Methodology in Research Activities in the Development of the Concept of the Electoral System

Kambur P.I. Migration Policy of Russia at the Present Stage and its Influence on the Sovereignty of the State

Pescherov Yu.G. Ecological Migration as a Problem: Approaches of Environmental Management and Environmental Diplomacy

Fadeeva E.A. Political Activity of Young People in Modern Russia Using Digital Technologies and its Regulation

Abduragimov Z.E. Mnemonic Actors and their Role in Shaping Ideas about Terrorism

Volkov G.V. Formation and Development of Informal Political Institutions in the Russian Federation

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

Sudorgin O.A., Kovalev A.V., Nitsevich V.F. Analysis of Information Support of Anti-Corruption Policy in Modern Russia

Rudnev S.V., Nesterchuk O.A. Planning, Forecasting, Programming in the Educational Policy of the Russian Federation

Bokova E.I. Measures to Support Young Scientists at the Regional Level in Modern Russia

Broda S.B. Ways to Counter the Shadow Market of Alcohol and Alcohol as a Component of Economic Security of the RF

Vorobev D.I., Burlankov P.S., Dobrinova T.V., Novoselsky S.O., Malyukov K.V. Retrospective Assessment of State Policy for Investment Activity Management

Galieva S.I., Galieva G.M. The Special Measures Aimed at Increasing the Efficiency of State Crime Prevention Policy in Russia

Khairullin M.F., Dyshenova N.R., Novoselsky S.O., Svekolnikov P.A., Mkrtychev V.S. The Influence of the Psychology of Entrepreneurial Expectations on the Level of Business Activity in the Economy

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

Maystat M.A., Javad Zeraat Peyma, Medvedev N.P. Features of Energy Relations Between Iran, Turkmenistan and Turkey: Regionalism Issues

Akimov R.H., Gajiev M.M., Magomedov A.K. From "Hierarchical Realism" to "Inclusive Globalism": Evolution of the Chinese Mega-Project "One Belt, One Road" in the Central Asian Region

Grankin V.F., Novoselsky S.O., Krasnoslobodtseva A.D., Andrusova E.E., Danilov M.V. Development of the World Economy in Conditions of Geopolitical Instability

Tereshin A.V., Kuzyakin A.G. International Law: Contemporary Challenges and American Rhetoric

Luo Dongmei, Bo Yang. Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Field of Cyber Security in the XXI Century: Opportunities and Challenges

Mailov T.D. "Soft Power" as an Instrument of Foreign Policy of the Persian Gulf States

Xu Lili. Polyphony of Worldviews in the Political Culture of Ancient China Following the Chunqiu/Zhanguo Era

Unachev T.Ch. Trends and Mechanisms for Implementing Migration Policy in the Modern Geopolitical Situation: Effectiveness Assessment and Forecast

Hao Dongfang. The Military Influence of the United States on South Korea

Chzhao Dan'yan. Geopolitical Conflict and Food Security: Analyzing the Impact on China

Akopyan G.A. Energy Terrorism in the Modern World

Annenkov V.I., Moiseev A.V. US Geopolitics: Some Modern Aspects

Belkov O.A. National Interests in National Security Coordinates

Shao Jianina. Factors of Convergence of Foreign Policy Foreign Policy of the People's Republic of China and Russia in the XXI Century

STUDENT SCIENCE

Klemushina A.A., Sivogorlo I.A. The History of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China

Rogova Ya.D., Tokareva S.A., Kostina A.D. Unilateral Restrictive Measures as a Tool in Action: the Qatar Blockade in 2017 and the "Great Firewall of China"

Chen Siru. The Role of Digital Propaganda in Russian-Ukrainian Special Military Operations

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.008

G.V. KAMENSKAYA Ph.D. (Political), Leading Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

THE MAIN STAGES OF THE EVOLUTION OF LIBERALISM

In works devoted to the history of liberalism, the main attention is usually paid to the formation of classical liberalism, the subsequent transition to social or progressive liberalism, its transformation into new liberalism or social liberalism, as well as modern ideas of neoliberalism with its absolutization of the free market, demands for privatization and deregulation. The emphasis is also placed on country models of liberal ideology, their conditionality by historical and cultural traditions, and the characteristics of the socio-economic development of individual countries. At the same time, the most important moment of the change from classical liberalism to postmodernism usually remains outside the brackets. The crisis of classical liberalism, primarily the departure from its humanistic principles, became a reality already at the beginning of the 20th century, but the emergence of real socialism as an alternative to the world-capitalist system within the framework of the Modernity project slowed down this process for several decades. Postmodern liberalism received its completed form only in the 70s. XX century. The turning point of the transition from classical liberalism to postmodernism in theoretical terms was the work of J. Rawls “A Theory of Justice” and the debates that followed, which revealed a new understanding of history, society and the individual, completely postmodern in nature.

Key words: liberalism, freedom, Modernity, “new liberalism”, postmodernity, theory of justice.

NATIONAL HISTORY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.001

M.Ya. VLASOV Postgraduate student of the Department of History and Theory of Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVICE AND ORGANIZATION OF POLITICAL LIFE AND GOVERNMENT PRACTICES OF NUCLEAR CITIES AND SCIENTIFIC CITIES OF THE USSR

The article provides a detailed examination of the formation and operation of "atomograds" and "naukograds" in the USSR, highlighting their role as key elements of the country's scientific-technical and military infrastructure. Noting their contribution to scientific research and defense industry, the author also emphasizes how these unique cities became centers of socio-cultural development. The main objective of the research is to thoroughly dissect the mechanisms of governance in "atomograds" and "naukograds", as well as analyze the power practices and their influence on the cultural and social landscape of these cities. The study aims to demonstrate how specific historical decisions, political institutions, and social mechanisms impacted the lives of the residents. During the work, the author employs methods of historical analysis, qualitative research, and also draws on archival materials and primary sources to ensure the most comprehensive and objective understanding of the topic. This approach illuminated not only the general picture but also revealed a series of key moments and details. The research findings indicate that, despite their initial focus on scientific and military tasks, "atomograds" and "naukograds" became active participants in the country's socio-cultural life. The government, acting through various institutions and practices in these cities, shaped and directed social and cultural processes, leading to the creation of a unique socio-cultural image for each of these cities. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the "atomograds" and "naukograds" of the USSR are a vivid example of the interaction of power, science, and society under socialist state conditions. This research offers a fresh perspective on the social and political processes in the USSR, illustrating how science, technology, and power can shape public space.

Key words: Atomograds, Naukograds, USSR, Scientific-technical infrastructure, Defense industry, Socio-cultural development, Governance mechanisms, Power practices, Historical analysis, Socialist state.

POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.002

DUAN RUOYI Graduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

POLITICAL POTENTIAL OF MODERN FAN CULTURE

The article explores the role and influence of fan culture on political processes in modern society. The author views fan culture as a sociocultural phenomenon that unites people around common interests and passions based on support or devotion to a particular sports club, team or artist. The article emphasizes that fan culture is becoming increasingly politicized, and this is manifested not only in the context of sports, but also in various spheres of public life. The article draws attention to the importance of studying and understanding the political potential of modern fan culture and calls on researchers and politicians to take this phenomenon into account when studying and shaping the political environment.

Key words: fan movement, politics, social and public relations, state.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.003

N.A. CHUZHIKOV Student of the Department of Political Science of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

E.E. NECHAY Academic Advisor, Candidate of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE CONCEPT OF ETHNIC NATIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF M.O. MENSHIKOV

The article deals with the concept of ethnic nationalism by M.O. Menshikov, a Russian writer, publicist, politician and ideologist of the All-Russian National Union. The author describes the key postulates of Menshikov's nationalism and the conclusions that follow from them about the essence of the nation, its nature and components. The article also discusses the ideas of the Russian writer about the detrimental impact of progress on national feelings, nature and society. The author pays special attention to the ideas of social Darwinism and biological determinism, which had a direct impact on the concept of nationalism by M.O. Menshikov.

Key words: nationalism, ethnic nationalism, social Darwinism, M.O. Menshikov.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.004

S.A. STEPANOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Institute of Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

E.A. IVANOVA Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Law Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A FIELD OF INFORMATION WARS IN MODERN POLITICS

The article examines the steadily growing role of social networks as one of the most effective communication platforms in the modern information society. The authors consider the development of information and communication technologies as an integral part of society's life. Progress in the development of communication brings with it not only new opportunities and prospects, but also threats and challenges that the state will have to face. Information wars are becoming an integral part of the development of communication in the modern world, and social networks are one of the main platforms for battles. Confrontation in the information war is becoming one of the key tasks of the modern political system of many countries, including the acute one for the Russian Federation.

Key words: information wars, fake, information society, Internet, social networks, modern politics, information and communication technologies.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.005

N.M. SMIRNOV Bachelor department of Political Analysis and Management Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Departments of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.V. NOVIKOVA Senior lecturer of part-time education, Economist, Laboratory of Sociological and Focus Group Research, Department of Sociology (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM

The article examines the relevance of methodological analyzing components and tools used to implement research activities in the field of designing an effective electoral system; examines and evaluates the effective conceptual and methodological foundations of analytical and predictive techniques in political research, taking into account the applied experience of use; highlights the range of particulars that meet the requirements of modern research in this area of practical scientific activity.

Key words: Political analysis, methodology, technique, conceptuality, analysis of political situation, electoral system, election institution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.006

N.M. SMIRNOV Bachelor department of Political Analysis and Management Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

S.I. POPOV Candidate of Political Sciences, Associate Professor Departments of Political Analysis and Management, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

A.V. NOVIKOVA Senior lecturer of part-time education, Economist, Laboratory of Sociological and Focus Group Research, Department of Sociology (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM

The article examines the relevance of methodological analyzing components and tools used to implement research activities in the field of designing an effective electoral system; examines and evaluates the effective conceptual and methodological foundations of analytical and predictive techniques in political research, taking into account the applied experience of use; highlights the range of particulars that meet the requirements of modern research in this area of practical scientific activity.

Key words: Political analysis, methodology, technique, conceptuality, analysis of political situation, electoral system, election institution.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.007

P.I. KAMBUR Master's student of the Department of Public Administration and National Security Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MIGRATION POLICY OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE

The article examines the state of migration policy in Russia at the present stage. Priority attention is paid to migrants from the CIS countries and their destructive influence on Russian society and the sovereignty of the state. As a result of the analysis of the factors of such influence, ways to improve the adaptation of migrants in our state were proposed.

Key words: migration policy, migrants, ethno-religious composition of the population, Muslims, adaptation and integration of migrants, labor market.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.010

YU.G. PESCHEROV Postgraduate student of the Department of Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

ECOLOGICAL MIGRATION AS A PROBLEM: APPROACHES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL DIPLOMACY

This research article examines the issue of ecological migration in the context of global environmental change. The authors analyze modern trends in migration flows caused by ecological disasters and contribute to defining the concept of an «environmental migrant». The study identifies key determinants that promote this type of migration and offers strategies to mitigate their negative impacts based on the principles of sustainable development. The article proposes a comprehensive model for regulating processes of ecological migration, including mechanisms at the global community level, national and subnational administrative units. It also emphasizes the importance of preliminary analysis and risk assessment for an effective response to the challenges of ecological migration.

Key words: Ecological migration, migration flows, environmental migrant, sustainable development, global governance, environmental management, environmental diplomacy, preliminary analysis, migration regulation, settlement of migration crises.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.011

E.A. FADEEVA Postgraduate student of the Faculty of History, Political Science and Law, State University of Education, Mytishchi, Russia

POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN MODERN RUSSIA USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS REGULATION

The study of the reasons for the participation of young people in political life and how young people are involved in political activities is an important issue for both developed and developing countries. Research in this area began with general trends, and then moved on to specific country factors.

Objective: This study is aimed at determining the role of digital technologies on the political activity of the younger generation.

Procedure and methods: analysis of theoretical sources on the problem of research, study of the results of surveys conducted (All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTSIOM). The data is then analyzed using the qualitative descriptive analysis method.

Findings: The results of the study show that digital channels as a form of political participation have a positive impact on the political participation of the younger generation.

Theoretical significance. The research materials can be used in solving urgent problems of involving young people in political processes. It is advisable to use research materials in educational activities in the field of political science.

Conclusions: The need to provide the younger generation with broader opportunities and responsibilities in the public sphere, as well as involvement as members of political parties or other socio-political organizations. Therefore, in order to move towards political democratization, agents of political education should be able to use digital channels to transmit ideas, actions and other political activities for the development of political education.

Key words: political activity, participation in political life, youth, digital technologies, expression of political opinion, digital environment.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.012

Z.E. ABDURAGIMOV Applicant for the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MNEMONIC ACTORS AND THEIR ROLE IN SHAPING IDEAS ABOUT TERRORISM

The presented study is devoted to the question of the structure of mnemonic actors in the modern space of memory and their role in the formation of negative ideas about terrorism through the formation of a corresponding image of the past. The author constructs a universal model of memorial actors, suitable for use within any socio-political system, regardless of the local context of “memory wars”. The interaction of mnemonic actors with interest groups is traced. It is concluded that the presence of many mnemonic actors naturally determines the specifics of the implementation of policies in the field of countering terrorism through memorialization. The construction of a negative image of terrorism in a historical context cannot be carried out solely through the direct efforts of the state. Institutions of public power must also mobilize other mnemonic actors and the interest groups behind them, as well as coordinate their activities and, if necessary, provide resource support. The latter will not only ensure compliance with the principle of totality within the framework of promoting the anti-terrorist narrative, but will also allow us to significantly diversify its structure, adapting the content to the specific perception of specific groups of the target audience.

Key words: mnemonic actors, terrorism, image of the past, memory policy, memorial policy, interest groups.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.013

G.V. VOLKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law, Institute of Law, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMAL POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Based on a systems approach, the problems of the development of informal political institutions are considered as determinants of the development of the Russian political system. It has been determined that the formation of Russian statehood was carried out taking into account the high role of informal political institutions. The need to strengthen formal political institutions in order to form a stable political system in the context of international crises is becoming more urgent.

Key words: informal political institutions, political system, political processes, corruption, clientelism.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.009

O.A. SUDORGIN Dr. Political Science, Director of the Research Institute of State Policy and Management of Industrial Economy, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

A.V. KOVALEV Deputy Director of the Research Institute of State Policy and Management of Industrial Economy, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

V.F. NITSEVICH Dr. Political Science, Professor, Deputy Director of the Center for Digital Economy State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA

Corruption is a serious challenge for the successful development of society and the state. It undermines trust in the Government, increases social and economic inequality, has a devastating impact on the economy, education, healthcare and other fundamental spheres of life. The key element of anti-corruption is the anti-corruption policy, which includes a set of measures and mechanisms to prevent, detect and suppress corruption manifestations. However, the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures depends not only on their development and implementation, but also on the quality of information support for anti-corruption policy.

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of information support in anti-corruption policy, the factors of its effectiveness and the main directions of development.

The research methods used in the work are system and structural-functional analysis, content analysis, as well as the normative method and methods of induction and genesis.

The article compares the concepts of "information policy" and "information support of state sectoral policies" in relation to anti-corruption, analyzes the information support of anti-corruption policy. The scientific novelty lies in the results obtained and the conclusions drawn about the existence of a correlation between quantitative and qualitative characteristics, as well as the structural and functional component of information support for anti-corruption policy and the effectiveness of its implementation. In conclusion, the authors have proposed a list of principles, following which can contribute to improving the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy.

Key words: anti-corruption policy, information policy, state sectoral policies, information support, information and communication platforms, modern Russia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.014

S.V. RUDNEV Postgraduate student of the Office of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies Russian Academy of National Economy and State service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

O.A. NESTERCHUK Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Science and Political Management of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

PLANNING, FORECASTING, PROGRAMMING IN THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of planning, forecasting and programming in Russian educational policy, to identify problematic aspects and to develop directions for their improvement. The methodology is determined by the purpose of the work and is represented by methods such as analysis, synthesis, analysis of regulatory and strategic documents. As a result of the study, problematic aspects in planning educational policy in Russia were identified. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that planning, programming and forecasting of educational policy in Russia should be long-term. First of all, the implementation of these functions lies with the highest authorities, since it is they who have full freedom of choice and authority in resolving these aspects.

Key words: education, educational policy, national project “Education”, strategic planning.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.015

E.I. BOKOVA Applicant at the Department of Political Science, Financial University, Moscow, Russia

MEASURES TO SUPPORT YOUNG SCIENTISTS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL IN MODERN RUSSIA

The article is devoted to studying the state of regional support systems for young scientists. The author comes to the conclusion that at the regional level, measures to support young researchers are not unified and exist outside the framework of a uniform system. The natural consequence is that there are significant imbalances in terms of their volume and effectiveness. The most structurally developed and resource-supported systems for supporting young researchers operate in regions characterized by a particularly significant share in the production of national GDP, a high concentration of population, educational and scientific institutions, as well as end consumers of the products of their activities in the form of government agencies and representative offices of large companies.

Key words: support measures, young scientists, grants, scholarships, regional level.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.016

S.B. BRODA Postgraduate student, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

WAYS TO COUNTER THE SHADOW MARKET OF ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOL AS A COMPONENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RF

The article examines the basic principles of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation and carries out a comparative analysis of the definitions of its essence. It is noted that the main definitions of the category and components of economic security do not include countering the shadow economy or countering the shadow market as a special component of economic security, which should be separated into an independent category. The categories and components of economic security are summarized from the position of scientific substantiation of countering the shadow market and ways of countering the shadow market for the sale of alcohol and alcohol are determined as a direction for updating the fight against shadow politics, corruption and economic crimes. The economic nature and spread of the shadow market of alcohol and alcoholic products in the Russian Federation as an independent component of economic crimes in the context of overcoming crisis phenomena in the economy is scientifically substantiated. Separate categories of the phenomenon of modern economy are formulated: shadow economy, shadow politics, corruption, crimes in the sphere of economic activity, economic crimes. The manifestation of the shadow economy in the Russian Federation is considered from the perspective of shadow politics, corruption and crimes in the economic sphere, the phenomenon of the shadow economy at the international level in comparison with the situation in the Russian Federation. The assessments of experts and investigators of the tax police of the shadow market for the sale of alcohol and liquor products are given, confirming the amount of major damage caused to the state, and a list of such violations is summarized. Ways to counteract the shadow market of alcohol and alcoholic products are proposed from the position of scientific substantiation of the shadowization of the economy of the alcohol industry of the Russian Federation.

Key words: economic security, crime, shadow economy, alcohol market, alcoholic products, fight against economic crimes.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.017

D.I. VOROBEV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

P.S. BURLANKOV Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

T.V. DOBRINOVA Associate Professor, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Customs Affairs and World Economy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations, ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

K.V. MALYUKOV Master Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF STATE POLICY FOR INVESTMENT ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT

Introduction: the article examines the short-term results of state regulation of investment activity within the framework of the economic system of the Russian Federation. The team of authors substantiates the opinion regarding the non-alternative need for state participation in investment processes, taking into account their significant correlation with economic growth and national security. In conditions of geopolitical turbulence, most economic laws lose their relevance, which requires state regulation of the investment space to build a sustainable track of growth in investment volumes, ensuring the organization of expanded production and an increase in infrastructure capabilities. Building an effective combination of direct and indirect methods of government regulation, taking into account the systemic assessment of focal indicators, creates a real opportunity to achieve stable growth in investment activity. The results of retrospective diagnostics showed the stability of the domestic investment space under external sanction pressure, which is confirmed by the positive dynamics of absolute and relative indicators of investment activity. Regionally, there is also a dominance of territories in which there is a growing track of total investment activity.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to retrospectively assess the state policy for managing investment activity. The objectives of the work are characterized by the following provisions:

– substantiate the relevance of state regulation of the investment space in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence;

– consider the key methods, forms and instruments of government participation in investment processes;

– perform diagnostics of key absolute, relative and structural indicators of investment activity in the macroeconomic and regional context.

Research results: the team of authors presented a retrospective assessment of state regulation of investment activity in the Russian Federation based on the diagnosis of the most focused absolute, relative and structural indicators. The results obtained serve as a relevant information base for characterizing the national investment background and can be applied for further theoretical research and the search for optimal practical tools.

Key words: investments, investment activity, investment space, government regulation, macroeconomics, sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.018

S.I. GALIEVA Candidate of Political Science, associate professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

G.M. GALIEVA Assistant professor of Innovative entertpreneurship, law and financial management department of Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia

THE SPECIAL MEASURES AIMED AT INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF STATE CRIME PREVENTION POLICY IN RUSSIA

The article proposes the author's view of the special measures which can be undertaken to increase the efficiency of state crime prevention policy. According to the author such measures may include adopting the programme&strategy document in the field of crime prevention, making use of foreign prevention practicies that have been proven efficient and inproving the crime prevention legislation. Apart from that enhancing the relations between the state bodies and the civil society organizations as well as implementing the mechanism of regional heads' responsibility for crime prevention on entrusted territories are deemed no less significant.

Key words: crime prevention, state policy, efficiency of crime prevention, special measures.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.019

M.F. KHAIRULLIN Candidate of Technical Sciences, Acting dean, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

N.R. DYSHENOVA Senior lecturer at the Department of Psychology Institute of Social Engineering, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Russian State University named after. A.N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art)», Moscow, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

P.A. SVEKOLNIKOV Master's student of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

V.S. MKRTYCHEV Master's student of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPECTATIONS ON THE LEVEL OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN THE ECONOMY

Introduction: the work examines current aspects of the influence of the psychology of entrepreneurial expectations on the level of business activity in the economy. Entrepreneurship is a specific type of human activity, which is based on obtaining a certain commercial success in the future, that is, the vector of entrepreneurial initiatives is always directed towards the future. The level of their business activity and the degree of readiness to accept certain risks depend on how confident business entities are in the depth of the time horizon of their development. The presence in the business environment of confidence in “tomorrow” is an important argument for increasing the intensity of commercial processes and building extended production cycles. One of the main designers of the sustainability of entrepreneurial expectations is the state, which must create a stable business environment based on the rule of law, protection of property rights, systematic administrative policies and predictability of the use of monetary instruments. The relevance of managing the entrepreneurial expectations of business entities increases many times over in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence, when it is necessary to make additional efforts to stabilize the national economic space. Lack of due attention to the psychology of the business environment provokes capital outflow, curtailment of business initiatives, and a decrease in the intensity of business processes, which together lead to economic degradation and the onset of recession. Systematic monitoring of the state of entrepreneurial expectations forms a high-quality information base for the selection of relevant management tools that ensure the stabilization of business activity.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to assess the influence of the psychology of entrepreneurial expectations on the level of business activity in the Russian economy. As part of the goal, the following tasks are set:

– highlight the key characteristics of the psychology of entrepreneurial activity;

– analyze basic indicators of the psychological climate of the domestic business environment;

– characterize the fundamental indicators of business activity in the Russian economic system in conditions of macroeconomic turbulence.

Research results: the team of authors identified the key psychological characteristics of business entities that must be taken into account when managing the business climate, and also gave them a quantitative interpretation in the current macroeconomic environment. The generalizations made based on the results of diagnostics of fundamental indicators of business activity form an up-to-date information base for making relevant decisions in the wake of correcting the commercial expectations of business structures focused on expanding the economic potential of the national system.

Key words: psychology of entrepreneurship, business activity, entrepreneurial expectations, national economy, business climate, psychological confidence of business.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.020

M.A. MAYSTAT Ph.D. (Candidate of Political Sciences), Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Institute of History and Policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

JAVAD ZERAAT PEYMA PhD student at the Department of Political Science of Institute of history and policy of Moscow State Pedagogical University, Tegeran, Iran

N.P. MEDVEDEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, ex-Deputy Minister of Russia for Cooperation with CIS States, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF ENERGY RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAN, TURKMENISTAN AND TURKEY: REGIONALISM ISSUES

Turkmenistan is currently one of the key suppliers in the global natural gas market, and it is important to examine its competitive position in the world. In the past decades, Iran and Turkmenistan were reliable neighbors, but in order to expand relations and export gas to Europe through Turkey, they have faced obstacles and problems that have not been addressed in recent studies from the point of view of regionalism. This question is raised, what are the opportunities and challenges of transporting Turkmen gas from Iran and Turkey to Europe? In response to this hypothesis, it is proposed that the positive relations between Turkmenistan, Turkey and Iran and Iran's geopolitical position cause opportunities and sanctions on Iran's energy industry by the United States and Russia's monopoly on energy transmission lines cause challenges in the transmission of Turkmenistan's gas to Europe.

The author uses the regionalism theory framework of Louis Cantori and Steven Spiegel to examine the cooperation and competition of governments and combine this model with functionalism to analyze the factors of convergence and divergence in the relations of these countries. The tool for collecting information from library and internet sources and the qualitative research method is based on Peter McLaughlin's functional reasons. The results show that ECO and the Eurasian Union are the first steps of regionalism in the Eurasian region, and gas transfer is a step of regionalism for the three countries of Turkmenistan, Iran and Turkey. The improvement of the relationship between Iran and Turkey and the transfer of gas to Europe will lead to income and economic growth and convergence of these countries, but the US sanctions against Iran in the field of gas export have prevented Iran from getting rich profits.

Key words: Iran, Turkmenistan, Turkey, regionalism, energy, gas diplomacy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.021

R.H. AKIMOV Laboratory research assistant at the history laboratory regional processes at MSLU, Moscow, Russia

M.M. GAJIEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher, Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia

A.K. MAGOMEDOV Doctor of Political Sciences, Chief Researcher and Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies and Foreign Policy of the Russian State Humanitarian University, Professor of the Department of Foreign Regional Studies of the Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia

FROM "HIERARCHICAL REALISM" TO "INCLUSIVE GLOBALISM": EVOLUTION OF THE CHINESE MEGA-PROJECT "ONE BELT, ONE ROAD" IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION

This article explores how the Chinese mega-project "One Belt, One Road" has an impact on the economy, infrastructure and local communities of Central Asian countries. The explanatory concept "hierarchical realism" is used in the work, which allowed us to get closer to a better understanding of the difficulties in the implementation of the Chinese megaproject. This concept helps us to reveal the existence of Beijing's hierarchical view of the international system, according to which China plays a much more dominant role than it is expressed in China's official rhetoric. It was the hegemonic approach of the Middle Kingdom that led to the fact that Chinese plans were met very ambiguously in the region. The authors analyze the historical turn in the implementation of the Chinese megaproject, which is associated with the implementation of the Xi'an Declaration. The pioneering nature of the decisions taken at this summit in May 2023 consisted in their humanitarian and social orientation in order to overcome Beijing's previous hierarchical view of the Central Asian region. This turn is being implemented within the framework of the potentially fruitful paradigm of "inclusive globalism" put forward by the Chinese leadership at the mature stage of its megaproject implementation.

Key words: Chinese mega-project, «Belt and Road», Central Asia, hierarchical realism, intentions, Xi'an Declaration.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.022

V.F. GRANKIN Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Expertise and Real Estate Management, mining», Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southwestern State University», Kursk, Russia

S.O. NOVOSELSKY Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

A.D. KRASNOSLOBODTSEVA Master of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

E.E. ANDRUSOVA Master of the Department of Management and state municipal government Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

M.V. DANILOV Master of the Department of Management and state municipal Government, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University named after. K.G. Razumovsky» (PKU)», Moscow, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD ECONOMY IN CONDITIONS OF GEOPOLITICAL INSTABILITY

Introduction: the article presents the key patterns of development of the world economy in conditions of geopolitical instability, and also examines the basic indicators characterizing Russia’s place in its structure. The team of authors concludes that it is necessary to transform the country’s socio-economic system in the context of sanctions pressure, which should be focused on achieving technological sovereignty, improving the quality of human capital and increasing corporate investment activity in the domestic market. The existing geopolitical turbulence generated conditions for significant deformations of the world economy, which are caused by radical changes in the vectors of foreign economic relations. A consequence of this kind of deformation can be considered a change in the structural and dynamic indicators of the development of the world economy, as well as key macroeconomic indicators of individual countries. The study of the fundamental indicators of the world economy allows us to form an opinion about the degree of influence of geopolitical instability on its development in conditions of imbalance of long-term systemically existing trade, economic and financial ties.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to highlight the main aspects of the development of the world economy in conditions of geopolitical turbulence based on analytical diagnostics of fundamental dynamic and structural indicators. The objectives of the study are as follows:

– reveal the essential characteristics of the world economy in the context of its evolution and subjective composition;

– perform diagnostics of the dynamics of fundamental indicators of the world economy and individual national economic systems;

– characterize the structural features of the current state of the world economy and Russia’s place in the world economic system.

Research results: the team of authors presented the results of analytical diagnostics of the development of the world economy in conditions of geopolitical instability, and also highlighted the current structural and functional indicators of Russia’s position in the world economic system. The generated information base allows a relatively objective assessment of the impact of the imbalance of systemic financial and trade communications on the transformation processes of the world economy.

Key words: world economy, geopolitical instability, Russian economy, sanctions, GDP, technological leadership, world economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.023

A.V. TERESHIN Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Master's degree, Humanitarian Institute, Department of International Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

A.G. KUZYAKIN Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Candidate of Political Sciences, Assistant, Humanitarian Institute, Department of International Relations, St. Petersburg, Russia

INTERNATIONAL LAW: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND AMERICAN RHETORIC

This article examines the issue of the current state of international law taking into account the current geopolitical situation, as well as the current state of international relations. The issue of America's interpretation and interpretation of the concept of "international law" is investigated. The correlation and interaction of the concept of "international law" with such concepts as "rules-based order" and "the right of the strong" are analyzed. Using such documents as the U.S. National Security Strategy, the United Nations Charter, and the UN conventions as examples, an attempt is made to analyze the current state of international law. Challenges and conflicts presented by contemporary geopolitical realities and the dynamics of international relations are also examined and analyzed using current events as examples. The question of adaptation and change of international law to modern world realities is raised. The theme of relevance of flexible and balanced approach to change is touched upon, including the creation of an effective system, which will be based on dialog and cooperation of various actors of international relations, as well as taking into account modern global challenges.

Key words: rules-based order, USA, international law, conventions, right of the strong, geopolitics, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.024

LUO DONGMEI Postgraduate student at thefaculty of global studies Department of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

BO YANG Candidate of Philology, Professor of Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia Institute, Deputy Director of Russian Studies Center, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China

RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF CYBER SECURITY IN THE XXI CENTURY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Since the 21st century, competition between major powers in various fields has intensified, and cyberspace has turned from an originally nascent strategic field into a major battlefield. After the launch of Russia's special military operation, the Western countries led by the United States continue to strengthen sanctions against Russia, while the United States restrains and suppresses the rise of China, the relationship between Russia and the United States has reached an impasse, and the relationship between China and Russia has changed from mutually friendly to comprehensive strategic cooperation. In this paper, government reports of the United States, China and Russia, scientific articles, reports of think tanks and media reports are taken as the object of research. The author analyzes the main, problems and challenges faced by China and Russia in the field of cybersecurity cooperation by means of content analysis, comparative analysis and SWOT analysis methods, and considers the ways and methods of achieving breakthroughs in the relationship between China and Russia, which has important theoretical significance and practical significance for ensuring cyber sovereignty and protecting cybersecurity of the two countries.

Key words: cybersecurity, China-Russia cooperation, Russia-Ukraine conflict, comprehensive sanctions.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.025

T.D. MAILOV PhD student at the Faculty of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

"SOFT POWER" AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FOREIGN POLICY OF THE PERSIAN GULF STATES

The article analyzes a “soft power” of the Persian Gulf states as one of the key tools for the implementation of their foreign policy course. The problem of “soft power” in the theory of international relations and its significance in the foreign policy of the Gulf states is a relevant area of research, since it has not enough scientific development, moreover, there is not a single study that examines a “soft power” of all the Gulf states. This paper considers the underlying mechanisms of “soft power” used by the Gulf states to promote conservative values and religious worldviews. The purpose of the study is to examine the features of the concept of “soft power” which are used in the foreign policy activities of the Persian Gulf states.

Key words: “soft power”, Persian Gulf states, Islam, “small states”, foreign policy, GCC.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.026

XU LILI PhD student, Bishkek State University named after Karasaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

POLYPHONY OF WORLDVIEWS IN THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF ANCIENT CHINA FOLLOWING THE CHUNQIU/ZHANGUO ERA

The article examines ancient Chinese political culture in its diversity of worldviews after the Chongqiu-Zhangguo era. An analysis of the relevant terminological concepts is proposed; aspects of interaction between Legist and Confucian teachings are differentiated. The main elements of the political culture of the ancient Chinese state of that period are revealed. Scientific research methods are shown. The main ideas of political culture were formed in the 5th-3rd centuries BC. The study of the doctrines of Legalism and Confucianism made it possible to assess their role in the formation of Chinese political culture today.

Key words: ancient China, doctrine, ideology, worldview, polyphony, political culture, Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Chongqiu-Zhangguo era.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.027

T.CH. UNACHEV PhD student, Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after. V.M. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

TRENDS AND MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING MIGRATION POLICY IN THE MODERN GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION: EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT AND FORECAST

This article examines the importance of trends and mechanisms for the implementation of the migration policy of the Russian Federation in the context of the current geopolitical situation. The migration policy of the Russian Federation is studied from the point of view of its impact on demography, economy, social stability, and international relations. The current approaches to migration, strategies, as well as the dynamics and structure of migration flows are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the influence of the international geopolitical context on the implementation and effectiveness of Russia's migration policy. This analysis helps to see the problems and opportunities that Russia faces on the way to implementing its migration policy and suggests directions for further research and political development.

Key words: migration, migration policy, geopolitical situation, emigrants, domestic and foreign policy, labor migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.028

HAO DONGFANG Master degree, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus

THE MILITARY INFLUENCE OF THE UNITED STATES ON SOUTH KOREA

This article analyzes the history of the United States' military influence on South Korea, highlighting its key role in ensuring security and stability on the Korean Peninsula. It discusses South Korea's foreign policy strategies, aimed at collaboration with various countries, including the United States, in the context of achieving peace and prosperity. The article also emphasizes the peculiarities of internal and external factors influencing South Korea's foreign policy and its aspiration for autonomy in security matters.

Key words: South Korea, United States, military influence, foreign policy, security strategy, Korean Peninsula, collaboration, international relations, diplomatic efforts, peaceful resolution, military partnership, geopolitical dynamics.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.029

CHZHAO DAN'YAN PhD Student, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICT AND FOOD SECURITY: ANALYZING THE IMPACT ON CHINA

This study examines the impact of the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine on China's food security. As the world's largest food importer, China has found itself at the epicenter of a global storm in food security triggered by this conflict. This research report analyzes the direct consequences of the conflict, including the reduction in Chinese corn supplies from Ukraine and the increased dependence of China on corn imports from the United States. Furthermore, it identifies the long-term implications of this conflict, such as the increased risk to China's food security due to unstable partnerships in food supply. The study also underscores changes in global food trade leading to a more closed system and exacerbating challenges in ensuring national food security. Additionally, it discusses the role of global financial markets and speculative capital in shaping global food prices and how this affects China.

Key words: geopolitics, food security, corn, food trade, speculative capital.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.030

G.A. AKOPYAN Postgraduate student of the Faculty of Global Studies, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

ENERGY TERRORISM IN THE MODERN WORLD

Energy terrorism is one of the most urgent and dangerous types of terrorist activity in the modern world. Illegal violence by terrorist groups around the world entails catastrophes on a global scale. There are many reasons for the implementation of illegal violence by terrorists. At the same time, the main targets of physical impact are energy infrastructure facilities. In this case, energy resources are the means by which terrorists can exert violence, the ultimate goal of which is intimidation.

Nuclear terrorism as a kind of energy terrorism remains a key threat capable of leading to a global crisis of humanity. Modern terrorist formations are capable of causing failures in the system of nuclear reactors being limited in the level of supply of material and technical means. Moreover, with the help of UAVs and modern means of warfare, terrorists are able to cause damage to critical nuclear infrastructure facilities in a remote format.

In connection with the above provisions, there is a need for systemic global security. There are international organizations specializing in monitoring activities, ensuring security in the current realities of the global conjuncture.

Key words: energy terrorism, terrorist organizations, global security, international organizations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.031

V.I. ANNENKOV Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor, Senior Researcher at the Research Center of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great, Balashikha, Russia

A.V. MOISEEV Candidate of Military Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Strategic Communications and Public Administration of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

US GEOPOLITICS: SOME MODERN ASPECTS

The article examines the geopolitics of the United States, which is currently represented by the concept of American leadership in the conditions of building a multipolar world. It is noted that when implementing the provisions of the concept, one of the main geopolitical tasks of the United States is to prevent the creation of military-political alliances (coalitions) between such powers as Russia, China, India, Brazil and the European Union. It is considered how certain provisions of US geopolitics are implemented in relation, in particular, to Russia, the European Union and China. It is considered that recently the United States has been restraining the development of Russia as a center of power in a multipolar world, including by unleashing armed conflicts, where Russia is being drawn into. Scenarios of the development of the armed confrontation between Ukraine and Russia are presented. It was noted that global elites and TNCs associated with the military-industrial complex are interested in a new regional war. It is established that in Currently, there is a high probability of the troops of NATO countries – Poland, Hungary and Romania - entering western Ukraine. It is emphasized that it is expedient for Russia to state harshly that if the Ukraine-Russia armed conflict turns into a regional war with Ukraine-NATO, then TNW strikes on NATO strategic military facilities in various NATO countries will be carried out in response. It is established that US military analysts have analyzed the course of the Ukraine-Russia armed conflict and made certain conclusions. It is noted that the task of the Task Force on Strategic Options is to avoid the high cost of intervention from the point of view of the death of military personnel and the loss of valuable assets in the event of a direct military conflict with countries that seek regional power. The conclusion says that the United States has staked on victory over Russia, destabilization and collapse of Russia after the victory of the Ukraine-NATO alliance in the armed conflict.

Key words: US geopolitics, center of forces in a multipolar world, coalition, new regional war, Ukraine-NATO alliance, TNW.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.032

O.A. BELKOV Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, full member of the Academy of Military Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Research Center for the Study of the History and Development of World Civilizations ANO VO «University of World Civilizations named after. V.V. Zhirinovsky», Moscow, Russia

NATIONAL INTERESTS IN NATIONAL SECURITY COORDINATES

Introduction: the article reveals the two-way relationship of the title categories. On the one hand, security is the basic interest of the nation, on the other hand, national interests are the basis and goal of security policy. The author believes that the object of national security is not interests as such, but their bearer – the nation, a multinational people, understood as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation, and those highest and eternal values, the preservation of which is important for it in any time conditions and places. The need for these values constitutes national interests. The proposed set of them resists their extremely narrow interpretation (reduction to security and sustainable development) and excessive fragmentation by including security, the absence of which does not undermine or destroy the nation. The security of the Russian Federation and security in the Russian Federation are interconnected but different phenomena. In principle, unchanging national interests can be ensured by various – even opposite – means and methods.

Purpose and objectives: the purpose of the work is to consider the key aspects of national interests in the coordinate system of the national security of the Russian Federation. The objectives of the work include the following provisions:

– reveal the meaning and content of national security;

– highlight the basic focus of national security policy objects;

– consider the main points of correlation and contrast between national interests and national security;

– clarify the objective-subject nature of national interests;

– characterize the dialectic of national interests and policies to ensure and implement them.

Research results: the author presents a scientific subjective assessment of the features of the dialectical relationship between national security and national interests through the prism of clarifying the essence of the complex nature of these categories, their subjective-objective nature and the opportunistic conditions of development within the framework of geopolitical turbulence.

Key words: national security, state, National Security Strategy, national interests, sovereignty.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.033

SHAO JIANINA Postgraduate, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

FACTORS OF CONVERGENCE OF FOREIGN POLICY FOREIGN POLICY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article analyzes the factors contributing to the progressive deployment of cooperation between Russia and the People's Republic of China, describes the historical Sino-Russian interrelations, on the basis of which the military, economic and cultural interaction between the peoples of the two great powers grows, lists the areas and directions that are especially important for the mutually beneficial development of the states in the XXI century, provides scenarios for the development of Sino-Russian cooperation.

Key words: China, Russia, cooperation, factors, scenarios, historical prerequisites.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.034

А.А. KLEMUSHINA Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

I.A. SIVOGORLO Student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

THE HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

This article is devoted to the history of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China. It examines the historical background, key events, and important milestones in the establishment of bilateral relations between the two countries. Not only the political, economic, and cultural aspects of diplomatic relations are examined, but also the cooperation and conflicts that both countries faced. For centuries, Korea and China have shared geographic proximity and deep cultural ties that have influenced their political and economic relations. From ancient times, when the two civilizations interacted through trade and cultural exchange, to the modern era marked by political alliances and economic cooperation, their relationships have evolved and transformed in response to various historical events and developments. In terms of political aspects, diplomatic relations between Korea and China have also been shaped by the geopolitical landscape of the region. The influence of major powers such as the United States and Japan has often played a significant role in shaping bilateral relations between the ROK and the PRC. Despite conflicting interests in the region and historical grievances, both countries have demonstrated a commitment to finding compromises and maintaining stable diplomatic relations, recognizing the importance of cooperation not only for peace and prosperity in the region, but also for the economic growth of both powers. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the factors that influenced the formation and conclusion of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China. By studying the political, economic, historical, and cultural aspects, one can fully understand not only the complexity and complexity of Sino-South Korean relations, but also the importance of bilateral relations between the ROK and the PRC for the entire region as a whole.

Key words: People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, diplomatic relations, bilateral relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.035

YA.D. ROGOVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

S.A. TOKAREVA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

A.D. KOSTINA Student Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

UNILATERAL RESTRICTIVE MEASURES AS A TOOL IN ACTION: THE QATAR BLOCKADE IN 2017 AND THE "GREAT FIREWALL OF CHINA"

Unilateral restrictive measures are an important tool in international relations and foreign policy of states. These measures may include sanctions, trade restrictions, financial restrictions and other actions taken by one country or group of countries against another country. The purpose of such measures may be to punish a violation of international norms and standards, to protest, or to influence the behavior of another country.

In this article, the authors examine the use of unilateral restrictive measures in practice. Examples include the blockade of Qatar in 2017 and the use of unilateral restrictive measures in the field of communications, using the example of the Great Firewall of China.

Key words: international relations, security, restrictive measures, legal regulation, sanctions, Qatar, China, blockade, economy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.99-1.11-1.036

CHEN SIRU Bachelor's degree, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

THE ROLE OF DIGITAL PROPAGANDA IN RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATIONS

The article discusses issues related to the role of digital propaganda in Russian-Ukrainian special military operations. The purpose of the study is to understand the idea of information warfare and what it means for world politics today, as well as to predict the direction of future wars. The main research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others. The hour frame of the research topic of this article is mainly the 21st century. This time is a stage of rapid development of the network. Therefore, information propaganda is developing rapidly accordingly and is widely used in various revolutions and wars. This article explains the importance of information warfare, discusses the role of information propaganda in creating hostility and social mobilization at the political level, as well as how other countries use "cyberchips" in this conflict to change the trend of public opinion, and whether it is possible to predict the direction of public opinion can determine the opinions and opinions of international organizations. The evolution of the role of digital propaganda, its main causes and goals are studied. The "information war of public opinion" and "digital propaganda" are considered on the example of Russian-Ukrainian special operations in this war. It is studied how Russia reacts to the "information war". A future forecast of the development of events has been compiled.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand the idea of information warfare and what it means for world politics today, as well as to predict the direction of future wars.

Methods: Basic research methods: the method of analysis, comparison, decision-making, logical reasoning and many others.

Results: The idea of information warfare and what it means for world politics today is studied, and the direction of future wars is predicted.

Conclusions: With the support of the highly developed Internet and high-tech technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Russian-Uzbek conflict is developing both online and offline, depicting a new form of power struggle and geopolitical games in the context of a new technological revolution. The parties to the conflict carry out information confrontation in the virtual space by traditional or unconventional, legal or fabricated, real or false means, in order to control the direction of public opinion, create an international environment of public opinion favorable to themselves, and, finally, get broad support from the international community. The purpose of support. Due to the lack of effective oversight of social media platforms, the main media platforms controlled by some Western countries apply double standards, cooperate with the United States and Western sanctions against Russia, and suppress and block Russia, which leads to chaos on the "online battlefield". The Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The use of social networks as a weapon, information conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, as well as between Russia and some Western countries have destroyed mutual trust, increased mutual hostility and slowed down the process of diplomatic negotiations, which deserves great attention from the international community.

Key words: digital propaganda, military operations, Russia, Ukraine, politics, direction.